- p-kvxm-bn Bcw-`n Xncpk`

Transcription

1 05 hmeyw. HtŒm_ e w. 19 -sim- p- m- hnhmtl-xc ssewkn-i- _ w {Inan-\ Ip -a-s p kp{]ow-tim-s-xn. ]m]-øns in \ ti- Xp tims-xn-b, sszh-am-sw p tum. sk_-mãy t]mƒ ]d- n- p- v. ka-im-eni ]{XnI maruppacha@yahoo.com Published from Thiruvalla on MEMBER: NEWS PAPERS ASSOCIATION OF INDIA hne ` 4.00 k` sa{xm-t -X imtcm P\-d I h j \hw-_ 29 apx Xn-cp-h- : ti-c-f-øn-ep- m-b {]-f-b Zp-c- -Øn-s ]- m-øe-øn- im-tcm s^-tem-jn- v N - n-s Cu h -j-sø am ]m- -am pw I ±n-\mƒam pw sx p-]- n-bn- p v P-\-d I- -h -j \m-ep Zn-h-k-am-bn Np-cp- n. \-hw-_ tim bw: am ]m- -am pw 29 hym-gw ap-x Un-kw-_ I ±n-\mƒam pw sshzn-i - 2 Rm-b h-sc Xn-cp-h- imtcm {Ku- n sh- m-wv I- bn- p-s v k`-bpss c m-bn- m k -S-I-c-am-sW- nepw am ]m- -am pw I ±n- pw ka n-x pw sx p ] n- k`-bpss c m-bncw h jsø Ncn{Xw ]cn-tim-[n- -h -j \-S- p- -Xv. t\- cw h jsø Ncn{Xw hy -am- \m-f- m pw sa{xm- m pw sshzn-i pw ka nc-sø \-hw-_ 26 Xn- ƒ ap- p- p-sb v Imcnkva `h X-em-Wv I- -h -j \-S- ÿm]i Ub-d-IvS ^m. spbnw-kv a m- ItØm-en- p-hm Ign-bpw. tbip Xs Xnc-s -SpØ X pw Gsd sx p-iƒ D m-bn- p-s v a\- n-em- Øm \n- -bn- n-cp- -Xv. hym-gm-gv-n ssh-in- v k-`m- m k` F p ]d-bp-tºmƒ P-\-d- {]-kn-u v d-h. tpm- ]{ p «olm- m-cn Hcp-h-\mb bqzmkv kvidntbm-øm-bpss "Zpcm-flmhv' k`-bn DS-\ofw {]h- {^m kokv am ]m- -tbm, kotdm ae-_m k` F p ]d-bp- txm-a-kv I -h -j D- Zv-Lm-S-\w sn-øpw. tum. si. tºmƒ am Be-t cn ]nxmthm, kotdm ae- c k` F p th-gvn-bn a ƒ hsc D m-bn-cp am ]m- -am Ø\ \nc-x-am-bn-cp- p. kv{xoi-fpambn Ahn-ln-X- ap-c-fo-[-c-\m-wv C-{]m-h-iysØ ap-jy {]-kw-k-i. Iq- Sm-sX im-tcm s^-tem-jn- nse A-\p-{K-lo-X ssz-h-zm-k- ]d-bp-tºmƒ am oankv ]nxmthm, Hcp cq]x F p ]d-bptºmƒ Ahn-SpsØ sa{xmt\m D m-bn-cp- p. AXp-sIm v k` \in- p-t]m-bn- -. m-cpw hn-hn-[ ao- nw-kp-i-fn k-tμ-iw \ -Ipw. ""ssz-h-øn- sshzn-itcm A. c mw høn- m kq\-l-tzmkv ASn-h-c-bnse sa{xmt\m sx p-]- n-bm -te-bv- v a-s-ßn-h-cp-i'' (a-em- tbm I\ym-kv{Xo-bp-tStbm am{xa Xncp-k`; acn v kxy-øn- -W- n\v hnizm-kn-i-fp-ssbpw ssbpw k\y-kvx-cp-ssbpw timsn- v Fgp-Xn-bn- p v, k` hnizm-knk-`tbm B cq]-xtbm \in- p- Jn. 3:7) F- -Xm-Wv Cu h - j-sø Nn- m-hn-j-bw. ssh- I-fpsS Iq m-bva-bmwv F v. I-bn-. ImcWw k` {InkvXphns auxn-i-i-co-chpw AXn-, ]m iz-h -cn- -s - -h-cpk-`. k`-bpss c m-bncw h - \pw \oxn- pw-th n i_vzn- p- `qan-bnse ]dp-±okv BWv Xncp- Ip-t -c-ß-fn-se s]m-xp-tbm- am ]m- bpw sa{xm- mcpw ssh- K-߃ Iq-Sm-sX ]m-tã-gv-kv Zn-Icpw k\y-kvxcpw A am-bcpw F m-h-cp-apƒs -Sp- -XmWv s Xe-h {InkvXp-hp-am-Wv. ]- ssbpw i_vz-an- m-ø-h-cp-ssbpw j-sø Ncn{Xw ]cn-tim-[n- m tim -^-d -kv, kn.- -C.-Fw- k -tu-kv-iqƒ kw-bp- k`. {^m knkv am ]m- bv- - p-kvxm-bn Bcw-`n Xncpk` Ft mgpw ]cn-ip- m-flm-hn- I-bn-eqsS tbip-hn-s\-t mse am- pw I ±n-\m-f- m pw sa- i_vz-am-bn, XymK-Øns amxr- k- -S-I-c-am-sW- nepw am ]m- hm -jn-iw, h-\n-xm k-tω-f- t m, Be-t cn ]nxm-hn-t\m, \m \bn- -s -Sp- -Xm-Wv. B- kz-bw iq\y-h -cn v a p- h v A -ambn Xocp ]Xn- a- n-x pw Gsd sx p-iƒ {Xm- m pw sshzn-i pw k- \w, kw-bp- k-`m-tbm-kw F- am naokv sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbv-t m, GsX- nepw cq]-x-bn- tcm-]w hnt[-b-\mb ]Xn-\m-bnc-Øn-sem p hcp A -s - \m-bn-c- -W- n\v sshzn-i-cp- (ti-jw t]-pv n-h-bpw \-S- pw. 9) A t±-iob {InkvXob ]pkvx-i-taf \hw-_ 7 11 hsc apwss_ sshfw-kn-f-bn Xncp-h : temi-{]-ikvx {InkvXy _p v skt gvkv A-tkm-kn-tb-js kl-i-c-w- Øn `mc-x-ønse {InkvXy aoun-bm-bp-ssbpw {InkvXy FIvkvt]m kwl-s-\-bp-ssbpw B`n-ap-Jy-Øn thƒuv {In-kv- Xy FIvkvt]m kwl-sn- n- p- p. \hw-_ 7 apx 11 hsc apwss_-bn ssh.-fw.-kn.-f.- bnse hn yw-tidn \K-dn \S- p {InkvXy FIvkvt]m-bpsS Hcp- -߃ ]q Øn-bm-bn. anj-\dn kwl-s-\-iƒ, k`- Iƒ, Nmcn- -_nƒ Hm K-ss\-tk- j-\p-iƒ, ]ªn-tj-gvkv, hnzym- `ymk ÿm]-\-߃, am[y-a߃ XpSßn hnhn[ hn`m-k-ßfn-embn \nc-h[n Ãmfp-Iƒ {]- h Øn- pw. `mcx ss{i-kvx-h k`m-n-cn-{xw, `mcx anj-\-dn-am, ]pcm-x\ ss nƒ {]Z i\w F n-hbv v {]txyi ]h-en-b- \p-iƒ {]h Øn- pw. ]pkvx-i-ta-f-bn tziob A tz-iob \nc-h[n {]km- [-I {Kq p-iƒ ]s -Sp- pw. taftbm-s-\p-_- n v F m Znh-khpw {InkvXy ^nen-ap-iƒ {]- Z in- n- p an\n Xnb- dpw D- m-bn-cn- pw. C y anj, ]ªo-jnwKv & FUn- nwkv XpSßn-b hnj-b-ß-fn-ep skanam[y-a-߃ v ap hn[n D m-im ]msn : PÃnkv si.-sn. txmakv tim bw: k-aq-lw hniz-kn- mepw C- s - nepw {]Xn-`m-K- Øp- -h p IqSn ]d-bp- Xp tem-isø A-dn-bn- m am-[y-a-ß-ƒ- v DØc-hm-Zn-Xz-ap-s v P- Ãn-kv si.-sn. txmakv tim- -bw {]kv _n- kv-iqƒ Hm^v tp W-enkw NSßpIfn {]kw-kn- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p At±-lw. hnhm-z-]-c-am-b Imcy-߃ {]kn- o-i-cn- p-tºm- \nb-ahpw [m Ωn-I-Xbpw c p hgn v ƒ c p ] -ßfpw Adn-bm AXp tiƒ- p-i-bpw hmbn- p-ibpw sn-øp Xn\v s]m-xp-p-\-߃- v A- h-im-i-ap- v. ]{X-{]- h -Ø-I p ap -hn- [nbp- m-im ]m-sn-. s]m-xp-k-aq-l-øn-s \ Imw n- m-i-ww dn-t m nw-kv. kaqlsø G hpw IqSp-X- kzm- [o-\n- p- D]m-[n-bm-Wv am[ya-߃. timsxn hn[n IpSpw-_-_- -ßsf XI pw sim n:hnhm-tl-xc ssew-kn-i- _ w {Inan-\ Ip -a- m-xm- nb kp{]ow-tim-sxn hn[n Ip- Spw_ km-aq-lni Pohn-X-ß-sf IqSp-X k o Whpw t i- ]q W-hp-am- p-sa Bi- -bps p sikn-_n-kn. hn[n ssewkni Acm-P-IXzw am{x-a IpSpw-_-_- -ß-fpsS XI - bv pw hnhm-l-tam-n-\-tøm-xv h [n- p- -Xn\pw hnhm-l-po-hn- X-Øn Ip p-ß-fpss `mhn A\n- n-x-xz-øn-em- p- -Xn- \pw CS \ In-tb- pw. kv{xo ]pcpj ssewkni _- -Øns ]c-a-{]-[m-\-e- yw Xs -bmb Zmº-Xy-kvt\- lhpw Ip n-iƒ p P w \evin (ti-jw t]-pv 9) (ti-jw t]-pv 9) hf Øepw F -Xns\ Ah-K- Wn- p- -XmWp tims-xn-hn-[n. kv{xobpss kzbw-\n W-bm-h- Im-i-Øn\pw hy n-kzm-x-{ y- Øn\pw Ah-Im-i-߃ p-amwv Du \evin-bn-cn- p- -Xv. {]Xy- -Øn CXv kzmk-xm - lhpw kv{xo] ImgvN- msp- Isf t{]m m-ln- n- p- -Xp-am- Wv. F m hnhm-l-sa ÿm- ]-\sø Zp _-e-s -Sp-Øp k- ao-]-\-amwp tims-xn-hn-[n-bn- \ng-en- p- -Xv. Zº-Xn-Iƒ XΩnep ]c-kv]c hniz-kvx-xbpw Pohn-Xm-h-km\w hsc \o p\nev p ]c-kv]c ka -W-hpamWv IpSpw-_-Øns sfiy- Øn\pw Ahn-`m-Py-Xbv pw A- Sn-ÿm-\w. Zº-Xn-Iƒ XΩn-ep kvt\- lw Ip p-ß-fpss P\-\-Ønte pw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-]q Æ-amb c m-i Xr-Xz-Øn-te pw A- hsc \bn- p- -Xp-am-Wv. hnhm-tl-xc ssewkni _- w Ip -I-c-a- m-xm-ip-tºmƒ, {]mb-]q Øn-bmb GXp ]pcpj-\pw kv{xobpw D`-b-k-ΩX-{]- Im-cw ]pe Øp ssewkni _ w kmaq-ln-i-ambpw [m an- I-ambpw sx F [mc-wbp- m- pw. {]mb-]q Øn-bm-b-h XΩn- D`-b-k-Ω-X-{]-Im-c-ap F- m-øcw ssewkni _ -ßfpw, AXm-bXv hnhm-l-]q h-_- w, hnhm-tl-x-c-_- w, kz-h- K-cXn F nh A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am- Wv F Ahÿ ssewkni A- cm-p-i-xz-øn\p hgn-h-bv p- - Xm-Wv. a\p-jy-hw-i-øns \ne- \n-ev]n\p Xs Imc-W-amb ssewkn-i-x, hnhm-lw, IpSpw- _w F n-hsb _m[n- p \nb-a-߃ kaq-l-øn\p [m an- I-amb am K-Z i\w \evip- h-b-s - n AXp- m- p km-aq-ln-ihpw [m an-i-hp-amb {]Xym-Lm-X-߃ hep-xm-bn-cn- pw. Hcp IpSpw-_hpw kpc- n- X-a F ÿnxn-h-cp- Xv \nb-a-]-c-amb Ac- n-xm-h-ÿ- (ti-jw t]-pv 9)

2 2 ka-im-eni ]{XnI FUn-t m-dn-b HtŒm_ 05 snb am tpm h Kokv amt\-pnwkv FUn- ^n n cmpp lqã No^v FUn- A Ip v Ce- q Hmh kokv FUn- DΩ F_-t\-k Hmh kokv Ub-d-Œ tum. Fw.-F-kv.kmap-h dkn-u v FUn-t gvkv Ipcym-t mkv txm -Øn Pm kn F. h Kokv Atkm-kn-tb v FUn-t gvkv jn_p ap -wim- n h Kokv amxyp Nm eokv amxyp sdpn aqtesw amxyqkv ]n. tpm tpmkv sf -c- Sn sd n tp _v tpm Pv s_ n sim p-h-s-t k_v FUn-t gvkv sp n h Kokv spbv -txm-akv amen-bn s]m Ω kmw kvs]jy dnt m t gvkv osbkv I -amw-aq- n sdpn h Kokv shæn- pfw ^n n s_ -an h Kokv PÃkv N{μ-t_mkv kmw amxyp \yqtbm v bp.si. P\-d tim -Hm Un-t\- PnPn _tdmu bp.-f.-c. P\. tim -Hm Un-t\- tpm aømbn AXn-cp- tpm. tim -Hm Un-t\- spbnwkv taa\ tim -Hm Un-t\-t gvkv a p ]osn-tb- s_ n ]m - H etlma cmp G{_lmw tam kn hf- -h w Umf v tpmbn kmw tp _v Im\U hm jni hcn-kwjy C y-bn : 150 cq] bp.-f-kv.-f. & Im\U : $ 50 Cw v : 20 ]u v Kƒ^v cmpy-߃ : 2000 cq] hcn-kwjy Ab-bvt hnemkw acp- πmt m w timwπivkv Xncp-h- - 1, tic-f. t^m : maruppacha@yahoo.com `mcy-bpss bp-am-\-\ ` Ømhv ""kv{xobpss bp-am-\-\mwv ` Øm-sh [mcw Ah-km-\n- n- m ka-b-ambn'' No^v PÃnkv Zo]Iv an{i. ""Cß-s\-bt m ] v sszh-øn {]Xymi sh n-cp hnip kv{xoiƒ Xß-sf-Øs Ae- -cn p ` Øm- - m v Iog-S-ßn-bncp- -Xv. Aßs\ kmdm A{_-lm-ans\ bp-am-\ F p hnfn p A\p-k-cn- n-cp- p...'' ]-t{xmkv olm /ss nƒ. 1 ]s{xmkv 3:5, 6 ""`mcy-am-tc, I Øm-hn\v F -t]mse kz ` Øm- - m v Iog-S-ßp-hn. {InkvXp ico-c-øns c n-xm-hmbn k`bv p Xe-bm- Ip- -Xp-t]mse ` Ømhv `mcybv p Xe-bm-Ip- p. F m k` {InkvXp-hn\v Iog-S-ßn-bn-cn- p- -Xp-t]mse `mcy-amcpw ` Øm- - m v ki-e-øn\pw Iog-S-ßn-bn-cn- -Ww''. ]usemkv olm / ss_-_nƒ. Fs^-ky 5: hnhm-tl-xc ssewkni _ w {Inan-\ Ip -am-ip C y in m-\n-b-a-ønse 497 mw hip v No^v PÃnkv Zo]Iv an{i A[y- - \mb `c-w-l-s\m _ v d±m- n. Hcm-fpsS `mcy ]c-]p-cp-j-\p-ambn ssewkni _ -Øn G s - m ]pcp-js\ t{]mkn-iyq v snømhp C y in m \nb-a-øn-se hip- mwv 497. hip- pw-{]-im-cw ]pcp-j\v am{x-amwv in e`n- p- I. CtX \nb-a-{]-imcw ]c-kv-{xo _ -Øn G s -Sp ` -Ømhns\Xnsc `mcybv v \n-b-a-\s-]sn kzoi-cn- m Ah-Im-i-an-. ""kv{xoi-fpss Bflm-`n-am\w kp{]-[m-\-am-sw pw `mcy-bpss bp-am-\-\ ` Øm-sh- p-ap \nco- -W-amWv A wk kp- {]ow-tim-sxn _ n\p Xv. hnhmltamn-\-øn\v hnhm-tl-xc _ w Hcp Imc-W-ambn ]cn-k-wn- mw. F m AXv {Inan-\ Ip- -am- m-\m-hn-. ]pcp-js\ am-{xw Ip - m-c-\m- p- Xv kv{xoi-fpss A`n-am-\-Øn\v If- -ta n- p- -Xm-Wv. CXp Xpey-X-bp Ah-Imiw ewln- p- p. ]pcp-j- \p kaq-lw Bh-iy-s -Sp- -Xpt]mse {]h Øn- -W-sa vkv{xoisf \n _- n- m-\m-hn-. ]p-cpjs\ Ip -hm-fnbpw kv{xosb Cc-bp-ambn ImWp- -Xn bp- n-bn-. ZmºXyw \ne-\n Øm ]pcp-j\pw kv{xo pw Xpey DØc-hm-Zn-Xz-ap v No^v PÃn-kns DØchn ]d-bp- p. 158 h jw ]g- -ap sf.-]n.kn 497 mw hip v d±m- n-b-txmss hnhm-tl-xc ssewkni _ w Ip -I-c-a- m-xm-bn. Cu \S-]Sn IpSpw- _-_- -Øns ]hn-{x-xbpw si p-d- p-an- m-xm- p-sa v ss{ikvxh k`-iƒ Bi- -s -Sp- p. kzh K-cXn Ip -Ir-Xy-a- m-xm- n-b-xn-t\- mƒ At\I asßv ]m iz-^-e-߃ krjvsn- p- -Xm-bn-cn pw Cu hn[n-sb p ax-kw-l-s-\-iƒ ]d-bp- p. apø-emjv hne- nb kp{]ow timsxn \S-]Sn Hcp hn`m-ksø \ncm-i-s -Sp-Øn. kv{xoi-fpss i_- cn-ae {]th-i-\-hp-ambn h hn[nbpw CtXm-sSm w tn Øp Nn- nt -Xm-Wv. kv{xoxpey-h-im-i-øn\p th n-hm-zn- p s^an-\n-ãp-i-fpss kac t]mcm- Øns hnp-b-ambn hn[nsb hne-bn-cp-øp- -h-cp- v. timsxn hn[n-bpss ] m-ø-e-øn ax-hn-izm-k-ßfpw P\-Iob apt - -ßfpw hcpw Ime-ß-fn kpoh N -bm-ipw. timsxn hn[n-i-sf- n hni-i-e\w snøp-tºmƒ tum. sk-_m-ãy- t]mƒ ]d- Xp {it -b-amwv. ""\ΩpsS Ip hpw in bpw \-ΩpsS ]o\ timum-wv. hy n-bpss hogvn-bn \n p- m-ip hy- n-]-c-amb DØ-c-hm-Zn-XzsØ ASn-ÿm-\-am- n-bmwv {Inan-\ eo- K knãw {]h Øn- p- -Xv. ]m]hpw Ip hpw hyxy-kvx-am-wv. ]m- ]-Øn-\p in sszhw \ Ip-tºmƒ Ip -Øn-\p in timsxn \ Ip- p. ]m]w hnnm-cw snø-s -Sp- Xv sszh-øns tims-xn-bnem-wv.'' apø-emjv {]th-i\w ap ow kap-zm-b-øn-t -Xm-Wv. GXp {]mb- Øn-epap kv{xoiƒ v i_-cn-ae Nhn- m-sa- Xv sslμ-h-cpss BNm-c-ß-fp-ambn _ -s - -Xm-Wv. F m sf.-]n.kn 497 mw hip- n F m kaq-l-ßfpw Dƒs -Sp- p. ss{ikvxh kaq-l-amwv CtX- n G hpw Bi- -s -Sp- -Xv. C y ]o\ timuv atx-xc XXzß-fn A[n-jvTn-X-am-Wv. GXp-a-X-Øn s] -h pw AXp XpeyX \ Ip- p. ax \ntj-[n-iƒ pw Ah-cpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ pw \ne- ]m-sp-iƒ pw kwc- Ww simsp- p- p. C y `c-w-l-s-\-bpss A -k-ø XXz-ß-f-. a\p-jym-h-im-i-ß-fm-wv. axm-[n-jvtn-x-a axhn-cp- -hp-a-. C y Hcp axm-[n-]-xy-cm-py-a-. AXp-sIm- p Xs ax kaq-l-ß-fpss hnizm-k-ßsf Xmtem-en- m ] nsb ph-cn-. ]e axm-nm-c-ß-fnepw A\p-jvTm-\-ß-fnepw A\p-Iq-e-amb \ne]msv D m- m {]bm-k-ap- v. sp n-s v kaq-l-øns Hcp Xcw {`m mbn pw \ap v NnIn- n- m-\m-hmsx t]mip- Xv AXp-sIm- m-wv. \c-_-enbpw kxnbpw \nbaw sim v \ntcm-[n- m-\m-bn. F{Xtbm A\m-Nm-c-ßfpw A -hn-izm-k-ßfpw `mc-x-øn C pw \ne-\nev p- p. \thm-ym\ apt - -ß-fmWv \msns\ am nsbsp-øxp Xs. a\pjysc Xpey-cmbn ImWm \ap v t{]cw \ In-b-Xv, hntzi anj- \dn {]ÿm-\-ß-fm-wv. kv{xokaxz hmzn-iƒ AXp Adn-bmsX t]mi-cp-xv. kv{xo kzmx-{ y-øns BZym- -c-߃ ]d p X Xv Ah-cm-Wv. ape- -c-øn\p \nipxn simspø \msm-wn-xv. tn Ø-ebnse \tßen F Iogmf kv{xobmwv kh W `c-w-iq-s-øns C y `c-w-l-s-\-bpss A -k-ø XXz-ß-f-. a\pjym-h-im-i-ß-fm-wv. axm-[n-jvtn-x-a ax-hn-cp- -hp-a-. C y Hcp axm-[n-]-xy-cm-py-a-. AXp-sIm- p Xs ax kaq-l-ß-fpss hnizm-k-ßsf Xmtem-en- m ] nsb ph-cn-. ]e axm-nm-c-ß-fnepw A\p-jvTm-\-ßfnepw A\p-Iq-e-amb \ne]msv D m- m {]bm-k-ap- v. sp n-s v kaq-l-øns Hcp Xcw {`m m-bn pw \ap v NnIn- n- m-\m-hmsx t]mip- Xv AXp-sIm- m-wv. \c-_-enbpw kxnbpw \nbaw sim v \ntcm-[n- m-\m-bn. F{Xtbm A\m-Nm-c-ßfpw A -hn-izm-kßfpw `mc-x-øn C pw \ne-\n-ev p- p. Xn -bvs -Xn-sc-bp BZysØ c -km- n. ape- cw tnmzn p h A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ v hmg-bn-e-bn kz w ape-to-zn p simspøp {]Xn-tj-[n- p. Nm m elf Ncn-{X-Ønse kph Wm- ym-b-am-bxpw \thm-ym\ \mb-i aqe-am-wv. \thm- m\ \mb-i-cmbn Icp-Xp ]ecpw \msns kh W-ta-[m-hn-Xz-Øns bpw BNm-c-ß-fp-sSbpw kwc- -I-cm-bn-cp- p. Iogm-f- m-cpss PohnXw Zpc ]q Æ-am- nbhcmwv ]e-cpw. kztz-im-`n-am\n cma-ir-jvw-]n- sb kh Æ ] -hm-zn-bmtb \njv] -a-xn-iƒ hne-bn-cp-øp- p- q. tum. cm[m-ir-jvw AXn\p ]d-bp Hcp sxfnhv CXm-Wv: ""1902 sk]v w-_ Ah-km\w ticf ]{XnI F hmcn-i-bn-segp-xnb Hcp tej-\-øn {io ]fl-\m` kzman t {X-Ønse ss]- p- \n D -h-øn hnf-s -SpØp A\p-K-an- p \mb kv{xoi-fpss A-c-bv p-ta \ -am-bn-cn- Ww F N -sø- n Cß-s\-bmWv Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. kv{xoiƒ axn-e-iøv iothen pc-bn sh v hnf-s - SpØv \S- p-tºm-sg mw amdnsw ad-bv msx \S p sim s F p shbv mw. Fs - m axn-en-\-iøv sszh-`- n-bn apgp-in-b-hcmbn lnμp-a-xsø A\p-k-cn- p GXm\pw PmXn- m am{x-ta-bp- q. F m th, Bdm v F o Ah-k-c-ß-fn ]Sn- mtd \S- ap- X- hfsc Zqcw Ccp-h-iØpw Xnßn-\n-ev p lo\ PmXn- m-sc v K-Wn- -s p hcp Nm - m, Cug-h, ]pe-b, ]d-b, apl-ω-zn-b F n-h-cpss apºn IqSn Im m-f-\mcn-isft mse t]mip- -Xn \ockhpw hyk-\-hp-ap- v. AXm-bXv k- h Æ am{x-ap- n-søv ad-bv mø amdp-ambn \S- p- -Xn sx n-. A- h Æ-cpsS apºn-eqss Aßs\ \S- p- -Xv icn-b-. Fs mcp hnnn-{xamb kzm-nm-c-t_m[w!'' Hcp \q m- p ]n n- t m-tg pw ticf kaqlw F{X-am-dn-bn-cn- p- p. \thm-ym- \ \mb-i-tcmspw timsxn-i-tfm-spw \μn ]d-bmw. Hmtcm ax kaq-l-ßsfbpw ip o-i-cn- m timsxn CSs]-S-ep-Iƒ Bh-iy-ambn hcp- p. ax-x-xz-ßfpw \nb-a-ßfpw ]e-t mgpw tn p t]mi-w-sa- n-. Bhiy-sa- n \nb-a-߃ ]cn-jvi-cn- - Ww. a\p-jy-\- bpw ka-xz-hp-am-bn-cn- Ww e yw. kv{xo kzmx-{ y-ap-t - -߃ F mw Xs ss{ikvxh XXz-ßtfmSp IS-s - n-cn- p- p. tdmam- mcpw blq-z- mcpw kv{xosb \n h- Nn- p- -Xp-t]mseb {InkvXym-\nXzw kv{xosb ImWp- -Xv. kv{xobpw ]pcp-j\pw Xpey-\o-Xn-bmWv ss{ikvxh kn m- -Øn. ]u-semkv olm- simcn- pim-tcmsp ]d-bp Xv Cß-s\-bm-Wv: ""kv{xotbm ]pcp-js txp- m-ip- p. ]pcp-j kv{xobn \n - t m kv{xo ]pcp-j-\n \n t{x D m-b-xv. ]pcp-j kv{xobv m-bn- kv{xo ]pcp-j-\m-bn- s{x krjvsn- -s - -Xv. F m I Øm-hn ]p-cp-js\ IqSmsX kv{xobp-an-, kv{xosb IqSmsX ]pcp-j-\p-an-. kv{xo ]pcp-j-\n \n p D m-b-xp-t]mse ]pcp-j\pw kv{xoap-jm- n-cw Df-hm-Ip- p. F m ki-e-øn\pw sszhw Imc-W-`q-X.'' IpSpw-_- -Øn kv{xobpw ]pcp-j\pw Xpey-cm-sW v s]u-temkv olm ]d-bp- n-. ""GXp ]pcp-j-t bpw Xe {InkvXp; kv{xo-bpss Xe ]pcp-j, {InkvXp-hns Xe sszhw''. sszhw {InkvXp ]pc-p-j kv{xo CXmWv {Iaw. s]u-temkv Fs^-ky-tcmSp Cu _ -Øns {Iaw IrXy-ambn ]d-bp- -Xn-ß-s\-bmWv: ""`mcy-am-tc, I Øm-hn\p F -t]mse kz- w ` Øm- - m v Iog-S-ßp-hn. {InkvXp ico-c-øns c n-xmhmbn k`bv p Xe-bm-Ip- -Xp-t]mse ` Ømhv `mcybv v Xe-bm-Ip- p. F m k` {InkvXphn\p Iog-S-ßn-bn-cn- p- -Xp-t]mse `m-cyamcpw ki-e-øn\pw Iog-S-ßn-bn-cn-t -Ww. ` Øm- - m-sc, {Inkv-Xphpw k`sb kvt\ln- -Xp-t]mse \nß-fpss `mcy- msc kvt\ln- n-... ` Øm- mcpw Xß-fpsS `mcy-amsc kz w ico-c-ß-sf-t mse kvt\ln-t - -Xm-Ip- p. `mcysb kvt\ln- p- -h X -Øm kvt\ln- p- p... AXp \nanøw a\p-jy A -s\bpw AΩ-sbbpw hn p `mcy-tbmsp ] n-t -cpw. Ccp-hcpw Hcp tzl-ambn Xocpw. `mcytbm ` Øm-hns\ `b-s -ts- -Xm-Ip- p''. `mcym-` Xr-_- -Øns KmVX shfn-s -Sp-Øp XmWv Cu Iev- ]-\. Ccp-hcpw Hcp-tZlw! {InkvXp k`sb kvt\ln- -Xp-t]mse Poh simspøpw kvt\ln- p- p. C{X-am{Xw kvt\ln- p ]pcpj\p Iog-S-ßp-Ibpw `b-s -Sp-Ibpw snøp- Xv kvss{xw-x-bmwv kv{xoxz-øns al-xz-am-wv. kv{xobv p-th- Xv Icp-Xepw Xtem-Sep-am-Wv. B kvt\l N{I-hm-f-Øn sszh-km- n-[y-ap- v. {InkvXp-hns a\- p- v. Cu Iq m-bva-bn kv{xobpss bp-am-\-\mwv ]pcp-j. icocw sim- pw a\ p sim pw Ahƒ B{K-ln- p- Xpw AXp Xs -bm-bn-cn- mw. \oxn-]o-t-øns apºn `mcy-bpss bp-am-\-\- m-bn-cn mw ` Øm-hv. Icp-Wbp-sSbpw Icp-X-en-t bpw Iq mbvabmbn IpSpw_w amdp-tºmƒ AhnsS kvt\l- Øns Pze-\hpw A\p-k-c-W-Øns ssien-i-fp-ta-bp- p.

3 3 ka-im-eni ]{XnI Ih -tãm-dn ss_-_nƒ: ssz-h-øn-s ]p-kvx-iw HtŒm_ 05 ]-g-b-\n-b-aw tam-si ap-jm- -cw ssz-hw a-\p-jy-h - -tøm- Sp sn-bv-x D-S-º-Sn-bm-Wv; tb-ip ap-jm- -cw ssz-hw a-\pjy-h - -tøm-sp sn-bv-x D-S-º-Sn-bm-Wv, ]p-xn-b-\n-b-aw. ]- g-b-\n-b-a-øn \ym-b-{]-am-w-hpw ]p-xn-b-\n-b-a-øn kphn-ti-j-hp-am-wv ti-{μ-hn-j-b-߃. ]-g-b-\n-b-aw A-Sn-ÿm- \-hpw ]p-xn-b-\n-b-aw ta - -Wn-bp-am-Wv. ]-g-b-xp \n-g-epw ]p-xn-b-xp s]m-cp-fp-am-wv. Np-cp- -Øn ]-d- m ]-gb-\n-b-aw {]m-cw-`-hpw ]p-xn-b \n-b-aw ]-cy-h-km-\-hp-am-wv. ss nƒ cq-]-s - -sxßs\? tum. k\ojv sndn-bm 2000 h -j-߃ sim- p hn-`n- ÿ-e-ßfn-en-cp- v 40 hy-xy-kv-x F-gp-Øp-Im-cm F- gp-x-s - {K-Ÿ-sa-{X ss_-_nƒ. Zm-ho-Zpw i- tem-tam-\pw, cm-pm- - m-cm-bn-cp- p.6 Zm-\n-tbepw, s\-l-aym-hpw `-c-w-x-{ -Rv-P- m-cm-bn-cp- p. F-{km ]p-tcm-ln-x-\m-bn-cp- p. an-{k-boan-se k-i-e- m-\-øn-epw \n-]p-w-\-bm cm- P-Ip-am-c-\m-bn-cp- p tam-si. K-am-en-tb-en-s injy-\m-bn \ym-b-{]-am-w-øn A-Km-[- m-\w k-ºm-zn- hy- n-bm-bn-cp- p ]u-tem-kv. B- tam-kv B- n-s-b-\m-bn-cp- p. ]-s{xm-kv, bm-t m- _v, tbm-l- m F- n-h hn-zym-hn-lo-\-cm-b ap- p-h-cpw a-øm-bn Np- - m-c-\pw B-bn-cp- p. eq-s m-kv kp-hn-ti-j-øn-s -bpw, A-s m. {]- hr-øn-i-fp-ss-bpw c-n-bn-xm-hm-b ep-s m-kv ssh-zy-\m-bn-cp- p. tbm-ip-h hn-iz-kv-x-\m-b ]- S-bm-fn-bm-bn-cp- p. sb-i-øm-hp, bn-sc-aym-hp, sbsl-kv-t Xp-S-ßn-b-h {]-hm-n-i- m-cpw, i- ap-th, {]-h-nm-i-\pw ]p-tcm-ln-x-\p-am-bn-cp- p. ss_-_nƒ c-nn- -s - ÿ-e-߃ {]-[m-\-ambn ko-\m-bn a-cp-`q-an-bpw A-td-_y-bn-se Ip- p-ip-sf ]m-e-kv-xo-\n-se a-e-i-fpw ]- -W-ßfpw ssz-hm-e-b-øn-s {]m-im-c-hpw t] -jy-bpss X-e-ÿm-\-am-b iq-i-\pw _m-_n-tem-wn-se ti-_m \-Zo-X-S-hpw tdm-an-se I -Øp-d- p-iss{ikvxh hnizm-k-øns B[mcw Xs hnip en- Jn-X-ß-fm-Wv. sszhw a\p-jytcm-sp kwkm-cn- p- -Xmb am- y-a-am-bn- pw, a\p-jy\p sszhsø Adn-bp-hm-\p am y-aam-bn pw sszh-\n-iz-kvx-amb Cu GI-{KŸw h Øn- p- p. _p n-]-c-hpw, bp n-]-chpw, ÿnc-hp-am-bp Hcp Bibw sszh-\n-iz-kvxhpw, A{]-am-Zn- Xzhpw, A_- -cm-ln-xy-hp-ap Cu {KŸ-Øn-emWv ZrV-s - ncn-t - -Xv. ss nƒ F ]Zw ss nƒ F ]Zw "_n- _vtfmkv' (Biblos) "_n_v entbm- ' (Biblion) F o c p {Ko v ]Z-ß-fn \n p-amwv IS- p-h- n- p- -Xv. A m-e-ßfn Fgp-Xp-hm-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn- n-cp _n_vfmkv (Biblos) AYhm ]m n-dkv (Papyrus) F hm n \n p-amwv apifn D -cn Ccp-]-Z-ßfpw Dcp- Øn-cn- n- p- Xv. ss nƒ tihew Hcp {KŸ-a-. F m bym {KŸw F -h-im-is -Sp-hm tbmky-x-bp GI- {KŸw ss nƒ am{x-am-wv. (The Bible is not merely a book, however it is the book) Cu \maw ss n-fns sfiyx (unity) sbbpw k tδm-xvir-jvsx (Preeminance) sbbpw Hcp-t]mse Nq n- m-wn- p- p. ]g-b-\n-b-ahpw ]pxnb \nb-ahpw 66 ]pkvx-i-߃ AS-ßn-bn- p hnip ss n-fns\ s]m-xpsh c p `mk-ß-fm-bn- mwv hn`-pn- n- p- -Xv. ]g-b-\nbaw (Old Testament) ]pxnb \nbaw (New Testament). \nbaw F -Xp-sIm- -am- p- Xv Ccp hy n-iƒ XΩn-ep DS- ºSn (Covenant) sb m-wv. ]gb-\n-b-a-øn- Cu bmym yw IqSp-X hy -am-ip- p- v. B- Zm-apw sszh-hp-am-bp DS-º-Sn, A{_-lm-an-t\mSp snbvx DS-º- Sn... Cßs\ \nc-h[n DS-º-Sn-Ifm kº- -amwv ]g-b-\n-b-aw. Xncp-h-Ømg ka-bøp k- μ t`m-nn-x-ambn ""]pxnb \nbaw'' (1 simcn- y 11:25) F hnti-jww I Ømhp D]-tbm- Kn- p- p. B ]pxnb \nb-a- Øns ip{iq-j-i-cmwv sszh- Zm-k- m (H.t\m 1 simcn- y 11:25; 2 simcn- y 3:6) c mw \q m- ns A ytøm-sp IqSn ]g-b-\n-baw, ]p-xnb\nbaw F o \ma-߃ Dd- n- -s - p. aq mw \q m- ns Bcw-`-Im-e-b-f-hn Pohn- ncp Hdn-P (Origen) F k- `m-]n-xmhp sszhni Xncp-sh-gp- Øp-I-fmb ]gb ]pxnb \nb-aß-ƒ'' F p Xs Fgp-Øp-Ifn- ]-cm-a -in- n- p- v. bn-{kmtb- P-\-X-bp-sS sx-c-s -Sp- pw A-\- -c N-cn-{X-hp-am-Wv ]- g-b-\n-b-a-øn-se {]-Xn-]m-Zy hnj-b-sa- n I -Øm-hm-b tb-ip- {In-kv-Xp aq-ew \n -Δ-ln- -s - ]m-]-cn-lm-c-hpw A-Xn-t\m-Sp _- -s - hn-j-b-ß-fp-am-wv ]p-xnb \n-b-a-øn-se {]-Xn-]m-Zy hn-jbw. ]-g-b-\n-b-aw tam-si ap-jm- cw ssz-hw a-\p-jy-h - -tøm-sp sn-bv -X D-S-º-Sn-bm-Wv; tb-ip ap-jm- -cw ssz-hw a-\p-jy-h - -tøm-sp sn-bv -X D-S-º-Sn-bm-Wv. ]p-xn-b-\n-baw. ]-g-b-\n-b-a-øn \ym-b-{]-am- W-hpw ]p-xn-b-\n-b-a-øn kp-hnti-j-hp-am-wv ti-{μ-hn-j-b-߃. ]-g-b-\n-b-aw A-Sn-ÿm-\-hpw ]p-xnb-\n-b-aw ta - -Wn-bp-am-Wv. ]-gb-xp \n-g-epw ]p-xn-b-xp s]m-cp-fpam-wv. Np-cp- -Øn ]-d- m ]- g-b-\n-b-aw {]m-cw-`-hpw ]p-xn-b \nb-aw ]-cy-h-km-\-hp-am-wv. ]g-b-\n-baw F{_mb ss n-fn ]gb-\n-b-asø 3 Xc-Øn-emWv hn`-pn- n- p- Xv a.txmdm. (tam-si-bpss ] - {K-Ÿ-߃): Dev]-Øn, ]pd- msp, tehym, kwjym, Bh Ø\w b \_ow ({]-hm-n-i-]p-kvx- I-߃): {]hm-ni ]pkvx-i-ßsf ho pw c mbn Xcw Xncn- n- p- v. (i) \_ow dntjm\ow (ap {]- ss nƒ Fgp-Xnb Ime-L- hpw cn-bn-xm- fpw e-øo hƒ-tk- v ss_-_n-fn-se co-xn-bm-wv a-e-bm-fw ss_-_n-fn A-h-ew-_n- n-cn- p- -Xv. ]-g-b-\n-b-a ]p-xn-b \n-b-a {K-Ÿ-߃ D- -S-Ø-n hy-xy-kv-x-ß-fm-sw- p txm- ntb- m-sa- n-epw ti-{μo-ir-x-am-b B-i-b-kap- -bw C-h-bn-se- mw Im-Wmw. {In-kv-Xp, \m- Y-\pw c- -I-\p-am-sW- p- Im-gv-N- m-sp, Cu {KŸ-ß-fp-sS-sb- mw A- -[m-c-bm-wv. Cu A- -[m-c-bp-ss {]-Im-i-\w am-{x-am-wp Hm-tcm {K-Ÿ-hpw. h-nm-i- m ): tbmiph; \ymbm- [n-]- m, iap-th-ens ]pkvx- I-߃, cmpm- - m-cpss ]pkvx- I-߃ (ii) \_ow AL-tdm\ow (]n- -{]-h-nm-i- m ): sbi-øm-hp, bn-sc-aym-hp, sbl-kvt, tlm-iyb apx aemjn hscbp- 12 sndnb {]hm-ni ]pkvx-i-߃. (c) si-øq-_o (F-gp-Øp- Im ): k- o -Ø-\-߃, k-zr-ihm-iy-߃, C-tøm-_v, D-Ø-a-Ko- Xw, cq-øv, hn-em-]-߃, k-`m- {]-kw-kn, F-tÿ (sa-kn-t m- fpw, G-Im- -am-b ]-tflm-kv Zzo-]pw H-s B- bn-cp- p. Cu a-l-øm-b {K-Ÿ-Øn-se {K-Ÿßƒ Hm-tcm-tcm Im-e-b-f-hp-I-fn-se B-h-iy-Øn- p th- n F-gp-Xn-b-Xm-sW- n-epw G-Xp-Im-etØ- pw a-xn-bm-b-xm-wv. H- mw i-x-i-øn-se b-lq-z-\pw ]p-d-pm-xn- pw A-h F-{]-Im-cw B- h-iy-am-bn-cp-t m A-{]-Im-cw C- -sø Cw- ojp-im-c-\pw a-e-bm-fn- pw A-h B-h-iy-am-bncn- p- p. ]p-cm-x-\ ss{i-kv-x-h D-]-tZ-i-Øn- \pw B-Nm-c-Øn- pw G-I-{]-am-W {K-Ÿ-hpw C- Xp X-s. Cu-bp-d-h-bn \n- v k-` I-gn- A-t\-I i-xm-_v-z-ß-fm-bn Po-h-P-ew Ip-Sn- psim- n-cn- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. Cu bp-k-øn-s A- h-km-\w h-sc-bpw A-hƒ A-Xp Xp-S - p snbv-xp-sim- n-cn- pw. k-`-bp-ss sx- p-iƒ- p- im-k-\-bpw k-i-e Zp-cp-]-tZ-i-߃-s -Xn-cm-b kw-c- -W-hpw Cu {]-am-w {K-Ÿ-Øn Im- Wmw. th-z-im-kv-{x kn- m- -߃ h-cn-i-bpw, t]m-ip-i-bpw sn-øpw. F- m Xn-cp-h-N-\w A- {]-am-zn-ø-am-bn A-_- -c-ln-x-am-bn F-t - pw \n-e-\n-ev- pw. Øv) Zm-\n-tb F-{km s\-laym-hp, Zn-\-hr-Øm- -߃ (F- {_m-b ss_-_n-fn-se H-Sp-hn-esØ ]p-kv-x-iw Zn-\-hr-Øm- ß-fm-Wv) F-{_m-b ss_-_n-fn 24 ]pkv-x-i-ß-fm-wp- -Xv. \-Ωp-sS ]- g-b \n-b-a-øn Im-Wp- 39 ]pkv-x-i-ß-fn ]-e ]p-kv-x-i-ßfpw A-h-cp-sS H- m-bn- m-wp Im- Wp- -Xv. H- pw c- pw i-ap-then-s ]p-kv-x-i-߃ A-S-ßn-b i-ap-th, cm-pm- - m, Zn-\-hr- Øm- -߃ H-cp ]p-kv-x-iw, F- {km-bpw s\-l-aym-hpw tn - p H-cp ]p-kv-x-iw, tlm-si-b ap-x- a-em-jn h-sc-bp- 12 sn-dnb {]-h-n-\-߃ A-S-ßn-b H-cp ]p-kv-x-iw F- n-h-bm-w-xv. F- {_m-b A- -c-am-e-bp-am-bn s]mcp-ø-s -Sp-Øn ]-g-b-\n-b-a-sø 22 ]p-kv-x-i-ß-fm-bn tpm-kn-^kv X-cw-Xn-cn- n- p- v. (cq-øv \ybm-[n-]- m-tcm-spw hn-em-]-߃ bn-sc-aym-hn-t\m-spw tn -Øn-cn- p- p.) ]pxn-b-\n-baw ]p-xn-b \n-b-a-øn B-sI 27 ]p-kv-x-i-ß-fm-wp- -Xv. C-hsb kp-hn-ti-j-߃, N-cn-{Xw, te-j-\-߃ F- n-ß-s\ sam- Ø-Øn aq- m-bn X-cw Xn-cn- mw. D- -S- -Øn-s A-Sn-ÿm- \-Øn N-cn-{Xw, {]-h-n-\w F- n-ß-s\-bpw X-cw-Xn-cn- m-hp- - Xm-Wv. ""kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fn _o- P-am-bn Im-Wp- -Xv {]-h -Øn-Ifp-sS ]p-kv-x-i-øn N-cn-{X-ambn sh-fn-s -Sp-I-bpw, te-j-\-ßfn D-]-tZ-i-am-bn am-dp-i-bpw sh-fn- m-sp ]p-kv-x-i-øn D-]- am-\-cq-t]-w sx-fn- p \n - p- I-bpw sn-øp- p.''b-si 8 t]- cm-wv Cu 27 ]p-kv-x-i-ß-fp-ss F-gp-Øp-Im. C-h-cn eq-t mskm-gn-si F- m-h-cpw b-lq-z- mcm-wv. Im-e- -W- -\p-k-cn- v Xm-sg-h-cpw {]-Im-c-am-Wv A-h F- gp-xn-b-sx- p th-z-im-kv-{x-]- fin-x- m A-`n-{]m-b-s -Sp- p. bm-t m-_v, a -s m-kv, K-em- Xy, 1,2, sx- -tem-\n-iy, 1,2 sim-cn- y, tdm-a, a-øm-bn, eqs m-kv, F-s^-ky, sim-semky, ^n-se-tam, ^n-en- n-b, 1,2, ]-s{xm-kv, A-s m-kv-x-e {]- hr-øn-iƒ, F-{_m-b, bq-zm 1 Xn-sam-sY-tbm-kv, Xo-sØm-kv, 2 Xn-sam-sY-tbm-kv, tbm-l- m-s kp-hn-ti-j-hpw aq- p te-j-\-ßfpw sh-fn- m-spw F.-Un. 40 \pw 100 \pw a-s y-bp- A-c i-xm- _v-z-øn-\p- n-em-wv C-h-sb- msa-gp-xn-b-xv. F-gp-Xn-b {I-a-Øne- C- p \mw A-h-sb ]p-xn-b \n-b-a-øn Im-Wp- -Xv. ]-e ]pcm-x-\ ]-cn-`m-j-i-fn-epw {K-Ÿti-J-c-ß-fn-epw kp-hn-ti-j-߃, A-s m. {]-hr-øn-i-fp-ss ]ptijw t]-pv 8

4 4 ka-im-eni ]{XnI Ih -tãm-dn ss_-_nƒ: ssz-h-øn-s ]p-kvx-iw HtŒm_ 05 ]-g-b-\n-a-øn-se 39 ]p-kv-x- I-߃ ssz-h-\n-iz-ko-b-ß-fmsw- p \n- -bn- p kzo-i-cn- n- p- -Xv. B Im-e-sØ `- - mcm-wv. F-s - p D-]m-[n-I-fp-]- tbm-kn- m-wv Cu ]p-kv-x-i-ßfp-ss Im-t\m-\n-I kz-`m-hw \n - Æ-bn- -sx- p ap-gp-h-\m-bn \-ap- -dn- p-iq-sm. A- m-e-sø ssz-h-`- - m \n-jv-i -j-tbmss ]-cn-tim-[n- p kzo-i-cn- n- p- h-bm-wv Cu 39 ]p-kv-x-i-߃. \-Ωp-sS I -Øm-hn-s Im-e-Øp \n-e-hn-ep- m-bn-cp- Cu ]p-kv- X-I-߃ I -Øm-hpw A-s m-kv- X-e- m-cpw Xn-cp-sh-gp-Øp-I-fm-bn kzo-i-cn- n-cp- -Xp-sIm- v \-ap- n-xn-s\ tnm-zyw Iq-Sm-sX X- s kzo-i-cn- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. ]-g-b-\n-b-a-øn-se 39 ]p-kv- X-I-ß-sf- - n ta - m-wn- an- -hm-dpw F- m Im-cy-ß-fpw ]p- Xn-b \n-b-a-øn-se 27 ]p-kv-x-i߃- pw _m-[-i-am-wv. ss_- _n-fn-se ]p-kv-x-i-߃ ssz-hmflm-hn-s \n-tbm-k-øm F-gp- X-s - -h-bpw \-Ωp-sS hn-izm-k- Øn-\pw A-\p-jvTm-\-߃- pw sx- n- m-ø A-Sn-ÿm-\ {]-am-whp-am-sw- v B-Zy \q- m- n X- s k-` Aw-Ko-I-cn- p. ]u-temkn-s F-gp-Øp-Iƒ Xn-cp-sh-gp- Øp-I-fm-sW- v ]-s{xm-kn-s te-j-\-øn k-a - n- p ]-d- n- p- v. (2 ]-s{xm-kv 3:15,16). A-Xp-t]m-se X-s ]p-xn-b \nb-a-øn-se 27 ]p-kv-x-i-ß-fpw B-Zy-Im-e-ß-fn X-s k-`-ifpw ]n-xm- - m-cpw ssz-h-øn-s A-cp-f- m-sp-i-fm-bn kzo-i-cn- p. c- pw aq- pw \q- m- p-i-fn Pohn- n-cp- th-z-im-kv-{xn-i-fpw k- `m-]n-xm- - m-cpw ]p-xn-b \n-ba-øn-se 27 ]p-kv-x-i-ß-fn \n- pw X-ß-fp-sS D-]-tZ-i-߃- m- [m-c-am-bn A-\-h-[n `m-k-߃ D- -cn- n- p- v. A-{]-Im-cw ]n-xm- - m D- -cn- F- m th-z-`m- K-ß-fpw H-cp-an- p tn - p- ]- w ]p-xn-b \n-b-aw H-t m-ss `q-an-bn \n- p A-{]-Xy- -ambm-epw \-ap- p ]p-xn-b \n-b-a- Øn-se 27 ]p-kv-x-i-ß-fpw ]ns -bpw ]n-xm- - m-cp-ss F-gp- Øp-I-fn A-h-ti-jn- pw F- p ]-d-bp- -Xv. F- p-sh- m ]p-xn-b \n-b-a-øn-se k-i-e-`m- K-ß-fpw ]n-xm- - m-cp-ss F-gp- Øp-I-fn A-h-ti-jn- pw F- m-wv ]-d-bp- -Xv. F- p-sh- m ]p-xn-b \n-b-a-øn-se k- I-e `m-k-ß-fpw ]n-xm- - m-cp-ss F-gp-Øp-I-fn Hm-tcm L- -Ønse B-h-iyw A-\p-k-cn- p A- Sn-ÿm-\ {]-am-w-ß-fm-bn D- cn- n- p-s - p km-cw. A-\-h-[n ]p-kv-x-i-߃ X- -s -Sp-I-bpw A-h-bp-sS Iq-ºmc-ß-fp-sS a-t y \n- v 66 ]p-kv- X-I-ß-fpw kz- a-ln-a \n-an- Øw, ]-c-k-lm-b-sam- pw Iq-SmsX A-h-bp-sS C- -sø \n-kv- Xp-e-am-b ÿm-\w ssi-h-cn- p- I-bp-am-Wv D- m-bn- p- -Xv. ""knwl-øn-\p kw-c- -Ww \ -Iphm \n-߃ B-cpw _- -s -ts- -Xn- m, A-Xn-s\ Iq- n \n- pw A-gn- p-hn- m kz-b-kw-c- -Ww A-Xp X-s \n -Δ-ln- p-sim- pw.'' F- p ss_-_nƒ kw-ln-x-sb- - n H-cn- kv-] - P {]-kv-xm-hn- p-i-bp- m-bn. ss_-_nƒ C- -sø \n-e I-cÿ-am- n-b-xv A-Xn-s kz-`m-hn- I tbm-ky-x-iƒ sim- p am-{xam-wv. Imt\m F ]Zw Imt\m F ]Zw "Ims\lv' (Kaneh) F F{_mb [mxp-hn \n pw Dcp-Øn-cn Imt\m (Kanon) F {Ko p ss_-_n-fn-s B-[n-Im-cnIX hm n \n p- -hn- -Xm-Wv. 1. B -cn-im w Imt\m F ]Z-Øns B -cn-im w "HmS-t m ', "RmßW' Fs m-s -bm-wv. c -Øn Cu hm p D]- tbm-k-øn-en-cp- p. (1) Bim-cnam D]-tbm-Kn- p Af-hp-tIm- (2) Af p Xn -s -Sp-Ønb hkvxp (H. t\m. sbl-kvt 40:3, 42:16) 2. em -WnI coxn em -WnI coxn-bn "hyhÿ' "am\-zwvuw' F o A - -ß-fn D]-tbm-Kn- p- p. (H. t\m. Kem-Xy 6:16) 3. kmln-xy-øn kmln-xy-øn Hsc-gp-Øp- Im-cs IrXn-Isf "Abm-fpsS Imt\m ' F p ]d- p-h- ncp- p. DZm-l-c-W-ambn tπt m-bpss Imt\m F p ]d- m tπt m Fgp-Xn-b-Xmbn AwKo-Icn- -s {KŸ-ß-fpsS Hcp ] ni F w. 4. sszh-imskv{x {]mtbm-kni coxn hnizm-k-øns {]amww F \ne-bn Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-IfpsS A[n-Im-c-hp-ambn _ -s - n-cn- p Hcp {]tbm-k-amwv Imt\m. hnizm-k-øns am\- Zfiw F \ne-bn Hdn-P (F.Un ) Cu ]Zw D]-tbm- K-n p F m sszhni sh-fn- m- Sp-I-fpsS ] ni F Bi-b- Øn Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-Iƒ v Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn- Xv Ae-Ivkm- { n-bm-bnse _nj- m-bn-cp AØ-t\-jykv (F.Un ) BWv. \njym kp -l-tzm-kn (F.Un.325) kxy-hn-izm-ksø Imt\m F t]cn hy-h-lcn p. ]n osv Iu kn-ep-i-fpss Xocp-am-\-Øn\p Im-t\m- F t] h p. Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-I-fpsS Imt\m F p ]d-bp- -Xn-\m Dt±-in- p- Xv Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-Ifmbn AwKo-I-cn- -s - n-cn- p {KŸ-ß-fpsS ] n-i-sb- m-wv.'' A-\-h-[n ]p-kv-x-i-߃ X- -s -Sp-I-bpw A- h-bp-ss Iq-ºm-c-ß-fp-sS a-t y \n- v 66 ]pkv-x-i-ß-fpw kz- a-ln-a \n-an-øw, ]-c-k-lmb-sam- pw Iq-Sm-sX A-h-bp-sS C- -sø \nkv-xp-e-am-b ÿm-\w ssi-h-cn- p-i-bp-am-wv D- m-bn- p- -Xv. ""knw-l-øn-\p kw-c- -Ww \ - Ip-hm \n-߃ B-cpw _- -s -ts- -Xn- m, A-Xn-s\ Iq- n \n- pw A-gn- p-hn- m kz-bkw-c- -Ww A-Xp X-s \n -Δ-ln- p-sim- pw.'' F- p ss_-_nƒ kw-ln-x-sb- - n H-cn- kv- ] -P {]-kv-xm-hn- p-i-bp- m-bn. ss_-_nƒ C- -sø \n-e I-c-ÿ-am- n-b-xv A-Xn-s kz- `m-hn-i tbm-ky-x-iƒ sim- p am-{x-am-wv. Imt\m-\nIw \n Æ-bn- p- -Xn AS-ßn-bn-cn- p ASn-ÿm\ Imcy-߃ 1. Hcp At m-kvx-et\m k- l-im-cntbm Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-tWm? 2. D -S- w. Xncp-sh-gp- Ømbn KWn- -Ø Bflob kz`mhw AXn-\pt m? 3. km Δ-{Xn-I-ambn AwKo- I-cn- -s -Sp- pt m? 4. Bfl \niz-kvxx B- fl \nth-i-ambn Fgp-Xn-b-XmtWm F p- -Xn\p Fs - nepw sxfnhp B ]pkvx-i-ønep-t m? Hcp ]pkvxiw Imt\m-\n-IamtWm F -Xns {][m\ sxfnhp B {KŸw Bfl-\n-iz-kvXamtWm F -Xm-Wv. (2 XnsamsY-tbmkv 3:16, 17)b sszhm-fl- \n-iz-kvx-ß-fmb tcj-i-sf mw Xncp-sh-gp-ØmWv. sszh-h-n-\- Øns A[n-Imcw Ah-bv p- v. B -cni km y-øns A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv Hcp {K- Ÿw Bfl-\n-iz-kvXhpw XZzmcm Imt\m-\n-I-hp-ambn AwKo-I-cn- -s -Sp- Xp k`-bpss Imem- Im-e-ß-fn-ep km y-s]mcpøw AXns\ Dd- n- p- p. ]g-b-\n-ba Imt\m ]g-b-\n-b-a-øn Dƒs - n-cn- p ]pkvx-i-߃ GsX- mamwv? s{]m -à p k`-iƒ (\- ho-irx k`-iƒ) blq-z- m-cpss hnip {KŸ-Øn ImWp 39 ]pkvx-i-ß-sf-bmwp ]g-b- \n-b-a-ambn AwKo-I-cn- n- p- -Xv. F m tdma ImØm-en- -k- `- s{s nse kp -l-tzm-kn\p (F.Un.1546) tijw, txm_n-øv, PpUn-Øv, item-tams hn- m-\w, kndm- ns ]p{x-\mb tb-ip-hns hn m\w, _mcp v 1,2, a m-_n-b, Ftÿdn-s -bpw Zm\n-tb-en-s bpw ]cnin-jvsw F o ]pkvx-i-ßfpw Im-t\m-\nI ]pkvx-i-ß-fmbn Aw-Ko-I-cn- p. F m Ncn-{X- ]-c-ambpw A[n-Im-c-]-c-hp-am-bp- ]T-\w. A-s m-{in^m ]pkvx-i-߃ hnip Xncp-sh-gp- Øn-t\m-Sp Dƒs -Sp-Øp-hm ]m- Sn- m-ø-xm-sw p sxfn-bn- n- p- -Xm-Wv. As m-{in^m ]p-kvx- I-ß-sf ]q Æ-ambpw X n- f-bp-i-b Chn-SpsØ DZy-iyw. Ah sszh-\n-iz-k-\o-b-am-b {K- Ÿ-ß-f F bmym- - yw sh-fn-s -Sp-ØpI am{x-am-wv snøp- -Xv. aemjn {]h-n-\-øn-\pw aøm-bn kphn-ti-j-øn- pw CS-bn \S Ncn{Xkw`-h-߃ ]e A-s m-{in^m ]p-kvx-ißfpw tc-j-s -Sp-Øp- p- v. Cu ]p-kvx-i-߃ Fgp-Xn-bXv _n.- kn. 400 \pw _n.kn. 1 \pw C-Sbv p- \ni-_vz-h j-ß-fn-em- Wv. F o-kn-bm-ãn- -kpw _mcp- pw HgnsI _m n-bp- {KŸß-sf mw A m-x \ma-i-ßfmb {KŸ-ß-f-s{X. F p-sim- v A-s m-{in-^ Aw-Ko-I-cn- p- n "As m-{in^' F ]Zw ad- p-sh- pi F A -ap "As m-{in]vt m' F hm n \n p-amwv IS- p-h- n- p- -Xv. ae-bm-f-øn Ch Kp]vX-{K-Ÿßƒ F -dn-b-s -Sp- p.- 14 F{km : tbmin-bm-hns `c- W-Im-e-Øp- mb blq-z-bpss ]cm-p-bhpw hogvnbpw sbcp-ite-an\p t\cn \mihpw _m_ntem-wnb ASn-a-Xzhpw ASn-a-Xz- Øn \n p {]hm-kn-i-fpss as-ßn-h-chpw F{km-bpsS {]h - Ø-\-hp-amWv CXnse {][m\ {]Xn-]mZy hnj-b-߃. F{km II: {]Imi kmln-xy- Øn Dƒs -Sp-Øm-hp, Cu ]pkvx-i-øn hnh-cn- n-cn- p- Xv _m_n-temwy {]hm-k- Øn-en-cp v F{kmbv p e`n Ggp Z i-\-ß-fm-wv. i H mw Z i\w BZy-]m- ]hpw Xn F {]iv\hpw ii (3:1 5:20) c mw Z i\w : Poh-t\m-Sncn- p hcp-ssbpw acn- -h-cpssbpw `mhn (5:21 6:34) iii aq mw Z i\w ain-lm-bpw A y-\ymbhn[nbpw (6:35-9:25) iv \memw Z i\w hne]n- p kv{xo (9:26-10:5) v A mw Z i\w IS-en \n pw Igp-I (11,12 A) vi Bdmw Z i\w B{I-a-W- Im-cn-bmb ainlm (13- mw A ym-bw) vii Ggmw Z i\w apƒ -S - n \ns mcp i_vzw (14- mw A ym-bw) a m-_n-b : a m-_y-bp- ß-fp-ambn _ -s Ncn{X ]pkvx-i-am-wn-xv. blqzm Pm-XnbpsS Ncn{Xw cnn- p- -Xn\p tpmkn-^-kn\pw {]kvxpx {KŸw klm-b-i-c-am-bn-cp- p. a m-_n-b : H mw a m- _n-b-cn \n pw XnI pw hy- Xy-kvXX ]pe Øp Cu ]pkvxiw AXn-i-tbm- n-]-c-amb Imcy-ß-sf-s m p \nd- - Xpw Ncn-{X-aqeyw Ipd- -Xp-amb H m-wv. 2. As m-{in^m ]g-b-\n-ba Imt\m-\n Dƒs -Sp-Øm-Ø- Xns Imc-W-߃ ]e As m-{in^m ]pkvx-iß-fp-ssbpw Fgp-Øp-Im-sc- - ntbm cnn- -s Ime-sØ- pdnt m Fgp-Xnb aqe-`m-jsb kw_- nt m H pw hy - ambn tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bn- n-. a. F{_mb Imt\m-\n As m-{in^m Dƒs -Sp-Øn-bn- n Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-I-tfmSv H pw tn p-hm ]msn F v blq- Z- m-tcmsp sszh-øns I- ev]\ hfsc hy -am-wv. ""Rm- \nß-tfmsp Iev]n- p hn- \-tømsp Iq p-itbm AXn \n p Ipd- p-itbm snø-cpxv'' (B-h Ø\w 4:2) ""Ahs hn- \-ß-tfmSp \o H pw Iq -cpxv; Ah \ns hnkvx-cn- n p \o I -\m-ip-h CS-h-c-cp-Xv.'' (k- Zr-iy-hm-Iy-߃ 30:6) tijw t]-pv 8

5 ka-im-eni ]{XnI Ih -tãm-dn ss_-_nƒ: ssz-h-øn-s ]p-kvx-iw HtŒm_ 05 ]pxnb\nba Imt\m ss{ikv-x-h hn-izm-k-øns aq-em-[m-cw ]p-xn-b \n-b-a {K- Ÿ-ß-fm-Wv. B {K-Ÿ-ß-fn B-hn-jv- -cn- n-cn- p- -Xv ssz-h \n-iz-kv-x-am-b k-xy-ß-fm-sw- pw F- m ss{i-kv-x-h k-`-ifpw hn-iz-k-kn- p- p. B-Zn-a \q- m- p-i-fn kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fp-ssbpw te-j-\-ß-fp-ss-bpw aq-e-ir- Xn-Iƒ A-h e-`n- ÿm-\-ßfn H-c-aq-ey \n-t -]-am-bn I- cp-xn-t m- n-cp- p. Nn-e-t mƒ A-h am-dn-am-dn hm-bn- p- -Xn-\p hn-hn-[ k-`-i-fn F-Øn- p-sim- Sp- p-i-bpw sn-bv-xn-cp- p. (simsem-ky 4:16) Xp-S - p Iq-Sp- X tim- n-iƒ F-gp-Xn D- m- p-i-bpw {]-N-c-W-Øn-\m-bn ]- e ÿ-e-ß-fn A-b- p-i-bpw sn-bv-xp. F- m ]p-xn-b-\n-ba F-gp-Øp-I-tfm-sSm- w th-sdbpw ]-e Ir-Xn-Iƒ {]-Nm-c-Øn h- p. B-Zn-a \q- m- n X-s {In-kv-Xp-hn-s\ ti-{μ-am- n [mcm-fw c-n-\-iƒ D- m-bn-cp- p. Cu c-n-\-i-fn \n-s - mw hy- Xy-kv-X-am-bn ]p-xn-b-\n-b-a {K- Ÿ-ß-sf ss{i-kv-x-h hn-izm-k- Øn-\m-[m-c-am-b ssz-h-\n-iz-kv-x {K-Ÿ-ß-fm-bn Aw-Ko-I-cn- p- - Xv G-I-tZ-iw 4 mw \q- m-t m-sp Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. _ - -_m-kn-s te- J-\-߃, C-t -jy-kn-s te-j- \-߃ (F-Un98-11). t]m-fn-im - n-s ^n-en- y - p- te-j-\- ߃ A-s m-kv-x-e- m-cp-ss ]T- \-߃ (Didache) sl am-kns CS-b (The Shephered of Hermans) ap-x-em-b h-f-sc-b-[n- Iw {K-Ÿ-߃ tb-ip-hn-s Pohn-X-sØ-bpw ]T-\-ß-sf-bpw ti- {μo-i-cn- p H- pw c- pw \q- m- p-i-fn c-nn- -s - n- p- v. C- h-sb- mw B-Zn-a-{In-kv-Xym-\n- Iƒ A-h-cp-sS Po-hn-X-sØ {Iao-I-cn- p- -Xn-\p- B-[m-c-{K- Ÿ-ß-fm-bn D-]-tbm-Kn- p t]m- p. c- mw \q- m- m-b-t m-tg- pw tb-ip-{in-kv-xp-hn-s hy- n-xz-sø-bpw D-]-tZ-i-ß-sfbpw kw-_- n- p- Iq-Sp-X hym-jym-\-ß-fpw hn-i-zo-i-c-wß-fpw F-gp-X-s - n-cp- p. am-{xa- Cu Im-e-L- -Øn am - jy F- Zp-cp-]-tZ-jv-Sm-hp G- jym ssa-\-dn \n- pw tdm-ante- p h- v sx- m-b D-]-tZ-i߃ ]Tn- n- p Xp-S-ßn. ]-g-b- \n-b-a ssz-hw Xn- {]-h -Øn- p- -h-\pw bp- -{]n-b-\pw A-`n- {]m-b ÿn-c-x C- m-ø-h-\pw B-sW- v am -jy ]Tn- n- p. ""tb-ip h- -Xv Cu tem-i-øns A-[n-Im-cn-bm-b, Cu tem- Iw \n -Ωn- ]-g-b-\n-b-a ssz-h- Øn-s A-\o-Xn-I-s-f-bpw {Iq-c- X-I-sf-bpw C- m-xm- m-\m-wv. tb-ip ]n-xm-hn \n- m-wp h- -Xv. B ]n-xm-hv ]-g-b-\n-b-a ssz-h-øn-\pw D-]-cn-ÿn-X-\m- Wv.'' ss{i-kv-x-h th-z-]p-kv-x-iw ap-gp-h am -jy kzo-i-cn- msx A-t±-lw X-s ]p-xn-b \nb-a {K-Ÿ-ß-fp-sS H-cp Im-t\m X-øm-dm- n. ]-e {K-Ÿ-ß-sf-bpw hn- p-i-f- p sim- m-wv C- bmƒ Im-t\m Xn- -s -Sp-Øn-b- Xv. ]-g-b-\n-b-a-hp-am-bn _- -ambp- -h-sbm-s am- n eq-t mkn-s kp-hn-ti-j-hpw ]u-temkn-s te-j-\-ß-fpw am-{xw Dƒs m- p- -Xm-bn-cp- p C-t±-l- Øn-s Im-t\m. A-h-bn X- s -bpw ]-g-b-\n-b-a ]-cm-a -i߃ am- n- -f- p. ]-g-b-\n-b-a ssz-hw tb-ip-{inkv-xp-hn-s ]n-xm-hm-sw- v B- i-bw h-cp- F- m hm-n-i-ßfpw X-s ss_-_n-fn \n- pw \o- n. tb-ip-hn-s kp-hn-ti-j- Øn b-lq-z- m Ip-Øn-Øn-cp- Ø-ep-Iƒ \-S-Øn-sb- p am - jy I-cp-Xn. A-Xp i-cn-bm- m- \-s{x ]u-tem-kv hn-fn- -s - - Xpw. F- m ]u-sem-kn-s i- F{_mb tej-\w AwKo-I-cn- p- -Xn\v ]Sn- m-d k`- mcpw shfn- msv ]pkvxiw AwKo-I-cn- p- -Xn\v Ing- k`- mcpw hfsc Xma-kn- p. Ing pw ]Sn- mdpw k`-i-fn s]mxp-te-j-\-ß-fn NneXp Imt\m-\n-Iambn kzoi-cn- p- - Xn\v hf-sc- mew th n-h- p. ]pxnb\nba ]pkvx-i-ß-fpss ] ni Dƒs m- p G hpw {]mno-\-amb tcjm-i-ieamwv adm-t m-dn-b tcjm ii-ew. Cu tcjbpss Bcw-`-hpw, Ahkm-\hpw \jvs-s - n-cn- p- p. samøw 85 hcn-i-fp- v. a s mkv kphn-ti-jsø ]cm-a in- p-sim- p Hcp hmn-i-øns a y-øn-emwv XpS- w. Cu kw-k-xn-iƒ H-cp i-cn-bm-b Im-t\m cq-]-h-ev- -c-w-øn-\v k-xy-hn-izm-kn-iƒ- v t{]-c-w \-ev-in. am -jy-s Im-t\m-s\-Xn-sc hn-ip- -th-z-]p-kv-x-i Im-t\m ' F- m-sw- p \n -Δ-Nn- F-gp- Øp-Im-c-\m-Wv sf-td-\n-b-kv (Iraneus). At±-l-Øns ]pxnb\nba Imt\m-\n \mep kphn-ti-j-߃, As m-kvxe {]- hr-øn-iƒ, tdma, H pw c pw simcn- y, Kem-Xy, Fs^ky, ^nen- n-b, simsem- y-, H pw c pw sx -tem-\n-iy-, H pw c pw Xnsam-sY-tbmkv, XotØm-kv, H v ]s{xm-kv, tbml- m, shfn- msv F nh Dƒs -Sp- p. bqtk-_n-bkv (Eusebious) F {InkvXob Ncn-{X-Im-cs tcjif-\p-k-cn v kphn-ti-j-߃, {]hr-øn-i-fpss ]pkvx-iw, ]utem-kns ]Xn-aq p tej- \-߃, ]s{xm-kns 1- mw te- J\w, tbml- ms H mw te- J-\w F o ]pkvx-i-߃ B- fl-\n-iz-kvxhpw X n-\n-anøw c mw \q m- ns a y-øn kzoi-cn- -s -Sp- -Xp-ambn a\- n-em- mw. PÃn am n-b, tsjy, sx Øp- y, Ae-Ivkm- { n-bm-bnse s a v, Hdn-P apx-emb k`m-]n-xm- - mcpw CXns\ Dd- n- p- p. ]pxnb \nba ]pkvx-i-ß-fpss ] ni Dƒs m- p G - hpw {]mno-\-amb tcjm-i-ie- -am- Wv adm-t m-dn-b tcjm ii-ew. Cu tcj-bpss Bcw-`-hpw, Ahkm-\hpw \jvs-s - n-cn- p- p. samøw 85 hcn-i-fp- v. a -s mkv kphn-ti-jsø ]cm-a in- psim- p Hcp hmn-i-øns a y-øn-emwv XpS- w. ]pxnb \n-ba ]pkvx-i-ß-fpss t]cp-iƒ, Ah-bpsS As m-kvx-en-tim- -hw, I Ør-Xzw, bmym- yw F n-h-sb- n Cu tcj N snøp- p. kphn-ti-j-߃ p tijw As m-kvxe {]hr-øn- Iƒ, ]usem-kns 13 tej-\-߃, H pw c pw tbml- m-s - bpw, bqz-bp-ssbpw tej-\-߃, tbml- m-s -bpw, ]s{xm-kn-s - bpw, shfn- msv IrXn-Iƒ F nh-sb- p-dn p ]d-bp- p. F{_mb -te-j-\w, bmt m-_n-s tej- \w, ]s{xm-kns te-j-\w F- n-hsb kw_- n p Cu tcjbn bmsxm pw Im-Wp- n-. hn m-\-{k-ÿsø ] n-i-bn Dƒs -SpØnbn p- v. "sl Ωmkns CS-b ' ] n-i-fn hmbn- p-hm sim m-hp {KŸam-sW- pw, F- m- Imt\m-\n- I-a-s pw Dd- n p ]d-bp- p. H- Sp-hn-embn XyPn-t {KŸ-ßsf- p-dn pw {]kvxm-hn- p- p. {Xp- ƒ A-t±-l-Øn-s te-j- \-ß-sf h-f-s m-sn- p. eq-t m-kns kp-hn-ti-jw t]m-epw ]q - Æ-am-bpw am -j Aw-Ko-I-cn- n-. tb-ip-hn-s P-\-\-hr-Øm- ߃, tbm-l- m kv-\m-]-i-s ip-{iq-j, tb-ip-hn-s kv-\m-\w, hw-im-h-en, ]-co- C-h a-\-]q - Δ-sam-gn-hm- n. am -jy-s kp-hnti-jw B-cw-`n- p- -Xv ""Xns_ -øm-kv'' ko-sk-dn-s hm-gv- N-bp-sS 15- mw B- n s]m- ntbm-kv ]o-em-søm-kn-s Im-e- Øp tb-ip K-eo-e-bn-se H-cp ]- -W-am-b I-^- - -lq-an h- p kn-\-tkm-kn ]Tn- n- p.'' F- nß-s\-bm-wv. ]u-sem-kn-s te- J-\-ß-fn C-S-b-te-J-\-ß-fpw F-{_m-b-te-J-\-hpw D-t]- n- p. K-em-Xy-te-J-\w B-Zyw tn - Øp. F-s^-ky-te-J-\-Øn-\v e- shm-zn-iym te-j-\-sa- v t]-cn- p. ]p-xn-b-\n-b-a-sø, kp-hn-ti-jw, A-s m-kv-x-e F- p c- m-bn X-cw Xn-cn- p. Xm-s\-gp-Xn-b ""B- -dn-sø-k-kpw'' Iq-Sn-tN -Øp. tijw t]-pv 10 ]pxnb\nba Imt\m\pw Iu kn-ep-ifpw BZysØ \mep \q m- p-i-fn 27 ]pkvx-i-ßfpw ]m mxy k`-i-tfm, ]uckvxy k`-itfm Hcp-t]mse kzoicn- n-cp- n F p \mw I p Ign- p. As m-kvx-eni {KŸßƒ F \ma-øn \nc-h[n {KŸ-߃ A m-e-øp- mbn-cp- -Xp-sIm v icn-bmb {KŸ-߃ Xs bpw kzoi-cn- p- -Xn\v Ime-Xm-akw t\cn- p. ]pxnb \nba Imt\m Xn -s - Sp-Øm BZy Iu kn IqSn-bXp Xs 4 mw \q m- n-em- Wv. ]s At m-tg pw an ]pkvx-i-ßfpw Xncp-sh-gp-Øp- I-fmbn k`-bn kzoi-cn- p-i-gn- n-cp- p. Imt\ms\ kw_- n- p BZy Iu kn 363- IqSnb ethm-zn ym Iu kn-em-wv. Imt\m-\nI ]pkvx-i-߃ am{xta Bcm-[- \-bn hmbn- mhp F {]tabw Cu Iu kn-en h v ÿnco-i-cn- p ImtØ-Pn sh pw lnt m-bn h pw AK-Ãns A y- -X-bn IqSnb Iu kn-ep-i-fn 27 {KŸ-߃ am{x-amwv ]pxnb \nba Imt\m-\n Dƒs - ncp- Xv F kxysø ]n Xm-ßp-I-bmWv D m-b-xv. Iu kn-ep-i-fn Imt\m-\n-I-XzsØ Ipdn- p A`n-{]mbw am{x-am-wv \S- n-cp- -Xv. tum. F^v. F^v. {_qkv k`m Iu knep-i-sf- n C{]-Imcw tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p- p. ""Hcp Iu kn-en-s bpw A[n-Im-c-]q Δ-amb hnfw-_-c-øm-e Imt\m {KŸ-߃ C{X-sb v Xocp-am-\n- -s - -Xv, Im tø-pnse kns\uv Imt\m-\nI ]pkvx-i-߃ 27 F v Xn -s -Sp-Øn-b-t mƒ B ]pkvx-i-߃ v AXp-hsc C m- Xn-cp Hc-[n-Im-chpw D m-bn-. Ah Imt\m-\n-I-ambn AwKo- I-cn- -s - n-cp- -Xns\ ÿnco-i-cn am{xsa snbvxn- p- q. 4 mw \q m- nse k`m-]n-xm-hmb AØ-t\-jykv Fgp-Xnb Fgp-Øp-I-fn ]pxnb \nba Imt\m-\nI {KŸßƒ 27 FÆamWv F v ka n ncn- p p. ]m mxy ]uckvxy k`-ifn ]pxnb \nba Imt\ms hyh-ÿm-]-\-hpw, AwKo-I-c- Whpw F.-Un. 4 mw \q m- n-ep-ap- m-bn. ]uc-kvxy-cpss CSbn 27 ]pkvx-i-ß-fpss Imt\ms \n Æn-Xhpw A n-a-ahp-amb hm p \mw ImWp- Xv F.- -.Un. 367 AØ-t\-jykv Fgp-Xnb 39- mw s]klm tej-\-øn-em-wv. ] na k`-bn Im tøpv Iu kn-en-emwv (A.D. 347) ]pxnb \nba Imt\m\v A n-a-amb AwKo-Imcw \evin-b-xv. CtX-Im-eØv At\Iw eøo Fgp-Øp-Imcpw CtX ]pxnb \nab Imt\ms\- p-dn v Fgp-Xn-b-Xmbn \mw ImWp- p. kvs]bn-\nse {]nkn nb, Kmfn, AIzn-en-bm-bnse dq^n-\-kv, DØc B{^n- -bnse AK-Ãn, tdmanse _nj- mb C -sk v H m-a XpS-ßn-b-h-cmWv Ah-cn Nne. GXm v Ime-b-fhn eshm-zn- y-im p tej\w F t]cn (simsem 4:16 s\ A\p-I-cn- v) Hcmƒ Hcp tej\w Fgp-Xn-bp- m- n. 4 mw \q m- ns A y-tømsp IqSn ]uc-kvxy-k-`-i-fnepw, ]m mxy k`-i-fnepw CXv {]Nm-c-Øn FØn-bn-cp- p se c mw \njy Iu kn CXp Imt\m-\n-I-a F p P\-߃ p ap -dn-bn p \evin. 15- mw \q m- n t mepw P Ω ]pxnb \nb-a-øn CXv ImWm-am-bn-cp- p. 16- mw \q m- n CXv Xntcm-`-hn- p. shfn- msv ]pkvxiw C m-bn-cp- p. 63- se ssmfn-tum-hnse ktω-f\w shfn- msp ]pkvxiw kzoicn- m-ø-hsc aps- n-s m- p Hcp hnfw-_cw {]Jym-]n- p. 5 mw \m m- n\v tijw 16- mw \q m- p-hsc Imt\m kw_- n- p. CXn IqSp-X-em-sbm pw kw`-hn- n bppn \mem-a ]m m AK-Ãn-t\m-kns Imt\m H p-iqsn ÿnco- I-cn- p. 16- mw \q m- n Imt\m kw_- n- p. Nne A`n-{]mb hyxym-k-߃ D m-bn. ]c-am-[n-imcw k`-bv m-sw v tdma ItØm-en- -cpw. A m thz-]p-kvx-i-øn-\m-sw v \ho-i-cw t\xm- fpw hmzn- p-hm XpS-ßn. CXv Imt\ms\ kv] in p Nne {]iv\-߃ v hgn sxfn-bn- p. Cdm-kvakv ]fin-x {]kn- -s -Sp-Ønb ]pxnb \nb-a-øn F{_m-bte-J\w ]utem-kn-t -X-s pw bmt m_v Fgp-Xnb tej- \-Øns Imt\m-\n-IXzw kwi-bn-t - -Xm-sW pw ]d- n- p- v. am n eqy-dns Imt\m-\n bmt m-_v, bqzm, shfn- msv F o ]pkvx-i-߃ v ÿm\-an- m-bn-cp- p. bmt m- _ns tej\w Hcp ""ssht m (hay) tej\w'' BsW- mbn-cp p eqy-dns A`n-{]m-bw. shfn- msv ]pkvxiw As mkvx-en-i-tam, {]h-n-\n-isam Bbn Ct±lw KWn- n-. as mcp \ho-i-cw {]ap-j-\mb kznwkvfn ( ) 27 ]pkvx-i-ßfpw sszh-\n-iz-kvx-ambn kzoi-cn- p. \ho-i-cw ImesØ G hpw henb thz-im-kv{x- -\mb tpm Im hn (John Calvin) tbml- ms 2,3 tej-\-߃, shfn- msv ]pkvxiw Ch-sb- p-dn v H pw ]d-bp- n-. t{kjn-bkv F ]fin-x 2 ]s{xm-kv, 2,3 tbml- m bqzm C{Xbpw AwKo-I-cn- n-. F nepw shfn- m-sv, tbml- m\m hnc-nn-x-ambn AwKo-I-cn- n-cp- p. tdma ItØm-en- -cpss s{s v Iu kn (1546) ]pxnb \nb-a-ønse 27 ]pkvx-i-ßfpw Imt\m-\n-I-ambn {]Jym-]n- p. F m AtXm-sSm w As m-{in^m ]pkvx-i߃ ]g-b-\n-ba Imt\m-t\mSv tn p-i-bm-wp- m-b-xv. A pap-x C p-h-scbpw Cu hnj-b-øn hyxn-bm\w kw`-hn- n- n-. CXp-h-sc-bp ]T-\-Øn Imt\ms hf -bn 3 Imcy߃ \mw {i n- p-i-gn- p. a H -sbm hmiy-߃ D -cn BZysØ Fgp-Øp-Im sszh-h-n-\-ambn Ahsb D -cn- p.

6 6 ka-im-eni ]{XnI Ih -tãm-dn hnizm-k-øns t\ hgn HtŒm_ 05

7 7 ka-im-eni ]{XnI hm -ØIƒ HtŒm_ 05 H -em-t m: ]-Xn-t\m-gm-a-Xv t\m -Øv A-ta-cn- sf.]n.- kn Ip-Spw-_ kw-k-aw 2019 Pqsse h-sc ^v-tem-dn-ubn-se H -em-t m ]- -W-Øn \-S- pw. tem-i hn-t\m-z k- m-cn- Iƒ G- -hpw Iq-Sp-X C- - s -Sp- -Xp-am-b hn-iz-hn-jym-xam-b Un-kv-\n thƒ-uv- -ko thƒ-uv Xow ]m - p-iƒ- v k-ao-]-ap- U-_nƒ {So ln - tlm- k-ap- -b-am-wv tim -{^ -kn-\m-bn Xn-cs -Sp-Øn-cn- p- -Xv. ^m-an-en tim -{^ -kns tz-io-b `m-c-hm-ln-i-fm-bn ]m-ã B -d-wn tdm- n (snsf.]n.kn IpSpw_kwKaw ^vtemdnubn {]f-b-s -SpXn : kn.-c.-fw. {][m\ t{]m{km-ap-iƒ Dt]- n p Xn-cp-h- : ti-c-f-øn-ep- m-b {]- f-b-s -Sp-Xn aq-ew Zp-cn-X-a-\p-`-hn- p- -h-sc k-lm-bn- p-i F- Xm -]-cy-tøm-ss kn.-c.-fw. Xm-e- p ]-cn-tim-[-\ Dƒ-s -ssbp- t{]m-{km-ap-iƒ D-t]- n p. ]-I-cw A-Xn-\p Nn-e-hm-Ip- Xp-I k-`-bp-ss Zp-cn-Xm-izm-k ^- `q m dopn-b I h j\v A\p-{K-l-k-am]vXn P-bv-tKm : sf. ]n. kn. `q- m do-pn-b aq- m-a-xv hm -jn-i I -h -j sk-]v- w-_ h-sc `q- m A-Xn -Øn ]- -Wam-b P-bv-tKm-Wn-\p k-ao-]-ap- H-cp B-Zn-hm-kn {Km-a-am-b a-[p- _-Km-\n \-S- p. {]-Y-a cm-{xnbn dn-po-b {]-kn-u v ]m- à A-e-Iv-kv sh- n- I h -j {]m - n- v ssz-h-i-cß-fn k-a - n- p. do-pn-b sk-{i- -dn ]m-ã t_m-_n am-xyq-kv k-tω-f-\-øn- \v A- y- -X h-ln- p. ]m-ã tam -kn ]n. am-xyp ssz-h-h-n- ]n-ssh-]n-f bp-f-c do-pn-b sa-km ss_-_nƒ Izn-kv jm -P: G-gv du- p-i-fn \n-d- p \n- B-Imw- -bpw B- th-i-hpw ]n-ssh-]n-f bp-f-c do-pn-b sa-km ss_-_nƒ-izn-kv {Km -Uv ^n-\m-se A-hn-kv-a-c- Wo-b-am- n. sk-]v- w-_ 15\v jm -P h -jn- v sk -d-dn \- S- {Km -Uv ^n-\m-se-bn a- t\m-pv D-Ω (sf-]n-kn h -jn- v sk -d - jm -P) tp-xm-hn- b -am ), kn.fw. G-{_-lmw (sk-{i- -dn), tpm -k G- {_-lmw ({S-j-dm ), ^n -en h -Ko-kv (bq-øv tim -Un-t\- ), kn-ã sp- n am-xyq (te- Uo-kv tim -Un-t\- ) F- nh Xn-c-s -Sp- -s - p. F- m hym-gm-gv-n-i-fn-epw ssh-in- v 9-10 h-sc {]-txy-i {]m - -\-bv- m-bn th -Xn-cn- n- p- v F- t^m \-º-dn-eq-sS F- B-Iv-k-kv tim-uv \ -In {]m - -\m sse-\n {]-thin- m-hp- -Xm-sW- v `m-c-hmln-iƒ A-dn-bn- p. conference.org n-eq-ss A -l-cm-b-h - p \ - Im sk-, do-pn-b I-Ω- n-iƒ- p ti-{μ-`m-c-hm-ln-iƒ \n -t±-iw \ -In. C-X-\p-k-cn- v Hm-W-hm-c Iymw-]p-Iƒ, Xm-e- p ]-cn-tim-[-\-iƒ Xp-S-ßn-bp- t{]m-{km-ap-iƒ sk-, do-pnb I-Ω- n-iƒ C-{]m-h-iyw d- ±p sn-bv-xn-cp- p. ]n.ssh.]n.f Xn-cp-h- sk hm -jn-i k-tω-f-\w Xn-cp-h- : ]n.ssh.]n.f Xn-cp-h- sk hm -jn-i k-tω-f-\w 23 Rm-b-dm-gv-N \-S- p. s\-_p B-Ω- q-cn-s A-[y- -X-bn I-hn-bq im-tew lm-fn h- v \-S- p. ap h -j-sø Xm-e- v ]-cn-tim-[-\ hn-p-bn-iƒ- p- k-ωm-\ hn-x-c-w-hpw, H- mw ÿm-\w t\-sn-b k-`-bv- p- t{sm-^n A-Pp A-e-Iv-kv {]-b sk k-`-bv- v \ -In. A-Pn I- p-, ]m-ã -am-cm-b, tpm-kv txm-a-kv, txm-a-kv tpm -Pv, tdmbv B -Wn F- n-h {]-kw-kn- p. Im-Øn-cp- p tbm-k-øn ]m- à _m-_p X-e-h-Sn A-[y- - ]n.ssh.]n.f Xn-cp-h- sk hm -jn-i k-tω-f-\-øn ]n.ssh.]n.f. kwÿm-\ {]-knu v A-Pp A-e-Iv-kv {]-kw-kn- p p X h-ln- p. ]m-ã a-t\m-pv dm- n ip-{iq-jn- p. ]-cn-]m-sn- p _n-_n B-a- q, Pn -k Nmt m, Pn-_n Xp-S-ßn ]n.ssh-.]n.f `m-c-hm-ln-iƒ t\-xr-xzw \ -In.. \p-f-f t{sm-^n-bpw H-cp e- w cq- ]-bpw I-c-ÿ-am- n. F-en-k-_- Øv h -Ko-kv (sf-]n-kn A- sse ), a-t\m-pv G-{_-lmw, \m- -kn a-t\m-pv (sf-]n-kn h -jn- v sk -d -jm -P), tpm si t]mƒ (sf-]n-kn A-_p-Zm-_n) F- n-h b-ym-{i-aw c- p ap-x- A- p h-sc ÿm-\-߃ t\- Sn. ]m-ã a-t\m-pv am-xyp dm- n, ]m-ã ª-k ]n._n. su -ln F- n-h Izn-kv am-kv-t -gv-kv B- bn-cp- p. aƒ- n- nƒ tnm-bv-kv, ]mv Hm, dm-]n-uv ^-b, _-, ]-kn, en-hn-mv Hm Zn F-Uv- Pv, dn-th-gv-kv Izn-kv F- o G-gp du- p-i-fm-wv D- m-bn-cp- -Xv. ]n-ssh-]n-f bp-f-c do-pn- sa-km ss_-_nƒ-izn-kv {Km -Uv ^n-\m-se hnp-bniƒ b {]-kn-u v ]m-ã ]n Fw μn-bpw ]-d- p. tpm-_n tpmim-ap-th D-Zv-Lm-S-\w sn-bv-x, sª- txm-wn- m-d, tdm- {Km -Uv ^n-\m-se-bn jn-_p _n kmw F- n-h t\-xr-xzw ap- w-im- n tbm-k \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ \ -In. \n-b-{ n- p. ]m-ã ssk-a {I-ao-Ir-X-am-b Xn-cp-h-N-\ Nm-t m Izn-kv am-kv-t -gv-kn-s\ ]T-\-hpw [ym-\-hpw e- y-am- n ]-cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øn. ]m-ã-dp-am-cmb K -kow ]n. tpm, cm-p ns hn-hn-[ du- p-i-fn-em-bn \-S-Øn-b sa-km ss_-_nƒ Izn- G-{_-lmw, A-e-Iv-kv G-{_- A- q-dn-e-[n-iw t]-cm-wv ]-s - lmw, ssj-t\m-pv ss\-\m, imap-th Fw. txm-a-kv, Un-ep am-bpw \-S-Øn-b sa-km ss_- Sp-Ø-Xv. Nn- -tbm-spw, {I-ao-Ir-X- tpm, ssk-a Nm-t m, {_- _nƒ Izn- n-\v hn-izm-k k-aq-l- Z Ão-^ tpm-jzm F- n-h Øn \n- pw \- {]-Xn-I-c-Wam-Wv e-`n- -sx- v do-pn-b sk- k-ωm-\-zm-\w \n -h-ln- p. sp k am-ω kzm-k-x-hpw, ]m- {I- -dn jn-_p ap- w-im- n A- à im-ap-th tpm -k \- dn-bn- p. `q- m do-pn-b hm -jn-i I -h -j-\n dn-po-b {]-kn-u v ]m-ã A-e-Iv-kv sh- n- {]m - n- v D-Zv-LmS-\w sn-øp p \w ip-{iq-jn- p. Xp-S - p- cm- {Xn-I-fn ]m-ã ^n- n im-apth (\yq-tbm - v), ]m-ã hn- tpm-k-^v (sf. ]n. kn. P-\-d ssh-kv {]-kn-u v) F- n-h ssz-h-h-n-\-øn \n- v ip-{iq-jn- p. do-pn-b ssh-kv {]- kn-u v ]m-ã _n- n am-xyqkv, tpm-bn v sk-{i- -dn ]m-ã k-t m-jv tem-lm F- n-h cm-{xn-tbm-k-ß-fn A- y- -X h-ln- p. sh- n-bm-gv-n cm-hn-se \-S- ip-{iq-j-i- m-cp-ss k-tω-f-\-øn- \v ]m-ã t_m-_n am-xyq-kv t\- Xr-Xzw \-ev-in. ]m-tã-gv-kv A-e- Iv-kv sh- n-, ^n- n im-apth, tam -kn ]n. am-xyp F- n-h {]-kw-kn- p. i-\n-bm-gv-n cm-hn-se \-S- bp-h-p-\ k-tωf-\-øn-\v do-pn-b ]n. ssh. ]n. F. `m-c-hm-ln-iƒ t\-xr-xzw \- ev-in. ]m-tã-gv-kv A-e-Iv-kv sh- n-, ^n- n im-ap-th F- nh ip-{iq-jn- p. Rm-b-dm-gv-N cm-hn-se \-S- kw-bp- B-cm-[-\-bv- v ]m-ã t_m-_n am-xyq-kv t\-xr-xzw \- ev-in. ]m-tã-gv-kv hn- tpmk-^v, ^n- n im-ap-th F- nh h-n-\w ip-{iq-jn- p. ko-\nb an-\n-ã ]m-ã ]n. Fw. am- Xyq-kv, ]m-ã A-e-Iv-kv sh- n- F- n-h I -Ør-ta-i-bv- v t\-xr-xzw \-ev-in. dn-po-b-s hn-hn-[ k-`-i-fn \n- v h- ptn - 1,300 t] B-cm-[-\-bn ]-s -Sp-Øp. cm-{xn-tbm-k-ß-fn tz-i-\n-hm-kn-iƒ Dƒ-s -ss G- I-tZ-iw c- m-bn-c-tøm-fw B-fp- Iƒ kw-_- n- v A-\p-{K-lw {]m-]n- p. Cu tbm-k-߃ ap-jm- -cw \n-c-h-[n-t] c- -bp-ss A-\p-`h-Øn-te- v h-cp- -Xn-\pw kv-\m- \-P-e-Øn-te-bv- v \-S-Ø-s -Sp- -Xn-\pw C-S-bm-bn. do-pn-b Izb Km-\-ip-{iq-j-Iƒ- v t\-xr- Xzw \ -In. kn.f-kv.f-kv. km-ln-xy-hm-c-hpw ]p-kv-x-tim- -h-hpw Xn-cp-h- : ss{i-kv-x-h km-ln- Xy-k-an-Xn-bp-sS km-ln-xy-hmc-hpw ]p-kv-x-tim- -h-hpw \- hw-_ 1 ap-x 10 h-sc Xn-cph- kn.f-kv.f-kn \-S- pw. H-tŒm-_ 31\v kn.fkv.f-kv. sn-b -am s{]m-^. Fw. txm-a-kv am-xyp B-[y- w h-ln- p- k-tω-f-\- Øn txm-a-kv am Xo-tØmkv F- n-kv-tim- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w \n -h-ln- pw. ]-Øv ]p-xn-b ]p-kv-x-i-ß-fp-ss {]-Im-i-\- hpw th-zn-bn \-S- pw. an-i- {]-km-[-i-cp-ss Cu-Sp- ]pkv-x-i-߃ B-I -j-i-am-b hn-e- p-d-hn hn-ev-]-\-bv- v {I-ao-I-cn- n- p- v. cm-hn-se 9 ap- X ssh-in- v 6h-sc-bm-Wv ]pkv-x-tim- -hw. t^m :

8 8 ka-im-eni ]{XnI HtŒm_ 05 ss nƒ: cq-]-s - -sxßs\? 3 mw t]-pv Xp-S kv-x-iw, s]m-xp-te-j-\-߃, s]m-sem-kn-s te-j-\-߃, shfn- m-sp F- co-xn-bn-em-wp tn - Øn-cn- p- -Xv. F- m e-øo hƒ-tk- v ss_-_n-fn-se co-xn-bm- Wv a-e-bm-fw ss_-_n-fn A-hew-_n- n-cn- p- -Xv. ]-g-b-\n-b-a ]p-xn-b \n-b-a {K-Ÿ-߃ D- -S- Ø-n hy-xy-kv-x-ß-fm-sw- p txm- n-tb- m-sa- n-epw ti-{μo- Ir-X-am-b B-i-b-k-ap- -bw C-hbn-se- mw Im-Wmw. {In-kv-Xp, \m- Y-\pw c- -I-\p-am-sW- p- Imgv-N- m-sp, Cu {KŸ-ß-fp-sS-sb- mw A- -[m-c-bm-wv. Cu A- -[m-c-bp-ss {]-Im-i-\w am-{xam-wp Hm-tcm {K-Ÿ-hpw. ss n-fnse `mj-iƒ ]-g-b \n-b-aw F-{_m-b `mj-bn-epw ]p-xn-b \n-b-aw {Ko- p `m-j-bn-ep-am-wv F-gp-X-s - -sx- n-epw a- p `m-j-i-fp-ss kzm-[o- \-hpw ss_-_n-fn Zr-iy-am-Wv. 1. F-{_m-b-`m-j F-{_m-b-`m-j F-s m-cp \maw ]-g-b-\n-b-a-øn-se-ßpw Im- Wp- n-s - n-epw b-lq-zm `m-j F- pw (H.-t\m. 2 cm-pm- - m 18:26,28; sb-i-øm-hp 36:11; s\-laym-hp 13:24), I-\m -`m-j F- pw (-H.-t\m. sb-i-øm-hp ) ]-gb-\n-b-a-øn Im-Wp- p. ]- s ]p-xn-b-\n-b-a-øn F-{_mb `m-j F- \m-aw tc-j-s -Sp- Øn-bn- p- v. (sh-fn-]m-sp 9:11; 16:16). s^m-bv-\n-jy A- -c-ame-bn \n- pw cq-]w {]m-]n- F- {_m-b A- -c-am-e 22 A- -cß-fp- -Xpw A-d-_n A-cm-ay `mj-i-sf-t m-se h-e-øp \n- pw F-gp-Xn-Øp-S-ßp- -Xp-am-Wv. kz-c-nn- -ß-fn- m-ø Cu `mj-bn _n.-kn. 9 mw \q- m-t m- Sp Iq-Sn 4 hy-rv-p-\-߃ kz-c-ßfm-bn D-]-tbm-Kn- p Xp-S-ßn-sb- nepw F.-Un. 600 \pw 800 \pw a- y h-kn- n-cp- a-t m-dn-i-fm-wv hnkv-xr-x-am-b kz-c-nn- -ß-fpw, D- m-c-w-co-xn-i-fpw hy-h-ÿm-\w sn-bv-x-xv. (C- pw A-Xp X-s Xp-S - p sim- n-cn- p- p) _m- _n-tem-wn-b A-Sn-a-Xz-Øn-\p tijw A-cm-ay `m-j H- mw ÿm-\w I-c-ÿ-am- p-i-bpw F-{_m-b `mj sh-dpw H-cp kw-ÿm-\ `m-j F- \n-e-bn X- -s -Sp-I-bpw sn-bv-xp. F- m ]n- o-sp Cu `m-j a-x-`m-j-bm-bn-øo - -s - p. A-Xm-Wv "d- n-bm-\n-iv F-{_mb' F- -dn-b-s -Sp- -Xv. 2. {Ko- p-`m-j b-lq-z- m ]-e Im-e-L- -ßfm-bn tem-i-øn-s hn-`n- `m- K-ß-fn-te- p Ip-Sn-tb-dn- m - p- I-bp- m-bn. B Im-e-L- -Øn hn-hn-[ hn- m-\-im-j-i-fn-te- v hm-xn-em-bn h -Øn- n-cp- {Ko- p `m-j-bn-te- v A-h B- I -jn-x-cm-ip-i-bpw X- q-ew {Ko- p kmw-kv- m-cn-i kzm-[o-\-xbn-em-hp-i-bpw sn-bv-xp. {In-kv-Xphn-s Im-e-Øp ]m-e-kv-xo-\n-se `-c-w-`m-j e-øo-\m-bn-cp-s - nepw {Ko- p `m-j-bv- p ]m-e-kv- Xo-\n-ep- m-bn-cp- -{X-bpw kzm- [o-\w e-øo-\p e-`n- n-cp- n-. an- -hm-dpw `m-j-i-fp-ss-bpw hn-im-k ]-cn-wm-a Z-i-I-ß-fn km-ln-xy-`m-j-bpw kw-km-c-`m-jbpw X-Ωn hn-s-hp- m-ip-i km- [m-c-w-am-wv. ]-s kw-km-c-`mj-bn km-ln-xyw c-nn- p- -Xn- \p- F-Xn - p-iƒ kw-km-c-`mj km-ln-xy-`m-j-bm-bn-øo-cptºmƒ kz-bw am-dp- p. {Ko- p `m-j-bp-ss H-cp ]-cn-wm-a-l- -Ønem-Wp ]p-xn-b\n-b-aw cq-]w sim- p- -Xv. {Ko- n-se {]-[m-\ kmln-xy-ir-xn-i-sf- mw _n.-kn. 3 mw \q- m- n-\p ap-ºp F-gp-Xs - -h-bm-wv. 3 mw \q- m- n-\p ti-jw {Ko- p kw-km-c-`m-j- km-ln-xy-`m-j-bn \n- p th - Xn-cn-bp-I-bpw hy-xy-kv-x-am-b B- i-b {]-X-e-߃ Dƒ-s m- p-ibpw sn-bv-xp. sim-bn-t\ {Ko- v (Koinegreek) F m-bn-cp p Cu ]pø `mjm-ap-jsø hnfn- pt]m- -Xv. ]pxn-b-\n-baw Fgp-Xs - Xv simbnt\ `mjm ssienbn-em-wv. ]s AXp ]q Æ- am- -bpw kwkm-c-`m-j-bm-sw p ]d-bpi km y-a-. H mw \q m- n ]m n-d-kn (Papyrus) F- gp-x-s - n-cp kmln-txy-xc tc- J-I-fn D]-tbm-Kn- n-cp `mj- I- -fn D]-tbm-Kn- n-cp `m-jbpw kam-\-ß-fm-sw v AtUmƒ^v UoUvams Kth-j-W-߃ sxfn-bn- n- p- v. kphn-ti-jß-ƒ km[m-cw kw`m-j-wssi-en-bn-emwv Fgp-X-s - -Xv. ]u-temkv kmln-xy-ssi-en- pw kw`m-jw ssien pw a-t ybmwv Fgp-Xn-bn-cn- p- -Xv. F{_mb tej-\hpw ]s{xm-kns 1 mw tej-\hpw kmln-xyssi-en-bn-emwv cnn- -s - -Xv. A sø {Ko p-`m-j-bmwv ]pxn-b-\n-ba cn-\-bv p-]-tbm- Kn- -sx- nepw F{_m-b-`m-jbnse ]Z-ßfpw LS-\m-co-Xnbpw ]pxnb \nba cn-\bv p]tbm- Kn- p. A ]-txmfw eøo ]Zßfpw A{X-tØmfw Acm-ay-]- Z-ßfpw {Ko ns ]pdw-n AWn v ]pxn-b-\n-ba Fgp- Øp-I-fn {]th-in- n- p- v. 3. Acm-ay-`mj ]-g-b-\n-b-a-øn H-cp ÿ- e-\m-a-hpw (D-ev-]-Øn. 31:47 C-Xm- Wv ss_-_n-fn-se B-Zy A-cmay ]-Zw). {]-hm-n-i-{k-ÿ-ß-fn H-cp hm-iy-hpw (bn-sc-aym-hp 10:11) F-gp-Øp-I-fn c- p {]m-[m-\ya -ln- p- `m-k-ß-fpw (Zm-\ntb 24:7:28, F-{km. 4:8 6:18; 7:12-26) A-cm-ay-`m-j-bn-em-Wp F-gp- X-s - n-cn- p- -Xv. ]p-xn-b-\n-b-a- Øn-epw A-t\-I A-cm-ay-]-Z-߃ Zr-iy-am-Wv. tb-ip-{in-kv-xp D- ]-tbm-kn- "X-eo-Ym-Iq-an' (a - s m-kv 5:41; "F-^-Ym' (a -s mkv 7:34), "F-tem-lo F-tem-lo e-ω i- - m-\o' (a -s m-kv 15:34) F- n-h A-cm-ay ]-Z-ß-fm- Wv. ]p-xn-b \n-b-a-øn Im-Wp- a- p A-cm-ay ]-Z-߃ "A- m' (a -s m-kv 14:36) "am-dm-\m-ym' (1 sim-cn- y 16:22) "am-tam ', "tkm-ev-tkm-ym', "sk- -Ym' "am - Øm', "txm-am-kv', "A- -ev-zm-am' F- n-h-b-s{x. `m-j-i-fp-ss kzm-[o-\w ap-ºp I- -Xp-t]m-se ss_- _nƒ F-gp-X-s - -Xv F-{_m-b t{k- A-cm-ay `m-j-i-fn-em-sw- n-epw a- p `m-j-i-fp-ss kzm-[o- \-hpw ss_-_n-fn {]-I-S-am-Wv. ^-d-thm tbm-tk-^n-\p \ -In-b "km-]v-\-øv ]-t\-lv' (D-ev-]-Øn 41:45) F- \m-a-hpw "tbm-tk-^n-\p ap-ºn ap- p-ip- Øp-hn ' F- -Xn-\p-]-tbm-Kn- "A-_v-td- v' F- ]-Z-hpw Cu- Pn-]v-jy `m-j-bn-ep- -h-bm-wv. ]n-sn- -s - sb-cp-i-te-an-se D- Zym-K-ÿ- m A-»q cm-pm-hns Zq-X- m-tcm-sp A-cmw `m-jbn-em-wp kw-km-cn- -Xv. (2 cm-pm- - m 18:26) "t_ -Øv-i- ' (Zm-\n-tb 1:7) "X - m ' "d- _v-km-cn-kv' "d-_v im-t ' (2 cm-pm- - m 18:17) F- n-h _m- _n-tem-\y A- o-dn-b ]-Z-ßfm-Wv. F-{km. 8:36; F-tÿ 3:12 F- n-hn-s-ß-fn cm-pm-hn-s "kw-ÿm-\m-]-xn-am ' "kw-ÿm- \-Øn-se tz-im-[n-]-xn' F- n-ßs\ `m-jm- -cw sn-bv-xn-cn- p- "km-{xm-]pw' {]-[m-\-tz-im-[n-]- m, \ym-bm-[n-]- m, `-fim-c hn-nm-c-i- m, a-{ n-am (Zm-\ntb 3:2) F- n-h-sc- p-dn- p- ]-Z-ß-fpw t] -jy `m-j-bn-em- Wv F-gp-X-s - n-cn- p- -Xv. 4 mw t]-pv Xp-S b. F{_mb ]fin-x- mcpw d n-amcpw As m-{in-^msb AwKo-I-cn- n- n-. ]gb \nba ]fin-x- mcpw As m-{in^m {KŸ-߃ \ hæw Kth-jWw \SØn-sb- nepw Ah D]-tbm-Kn- n-. ^ntebpw Ah-cpsS Fgp-Øp-I-fn A-s m-{in^mbn \n pw H- pw Xs D -cn- n- n-. ]gb\nba Imt\m-\n 22 ]pkvx- I-߃ am{x-ta-bp- p-sh v tpmkn-^kv kv]jvs-ambn ]dbp- p. Imt\m-\n-I Xncp-sh-gp- Øp-I-fmb 24 ]kvx-i-߃ p ]pdsa thsd GXp {KŸhpw `h-\-øn-te p sim p-h-cp- h Ipg w sim p-h-cp- p.'' F v blqzm ]mc-º-cy-øn ]d-bp- p. A n-_md ]d-bp- Xv "_mly-{k-ÿ-߃ hmbn- p- -h p hcp-hm-\n-cn- p temi-øn ] n ' F m-wv. c. I Øm-hmb tbip-{inkvxphpw As m-kvx-e- mcpw Cu {KŸ-߃ D]-tbm-Kn- n- n-. I Øm-hmb tbip-{in-kvxp As m-{in-^m-bn \n pw Hcp hmiyw t]mepw D -cn- -Xm-bn ]pxnb \nb-a-øn bm-sxm-cp sxfn-hp-an-. As m-kvx-e-\mb ]utemkv {Ko p kmln-xy-ir- Xn-I-fn \n pw D -cn- n- p-s - nepw As m-{in^m {K-Ÿ-ßfn \n p H pw Xs FSp- Øn- n-. (H. t\m {]hr-øn-iƒ 5 mw t]-pv Xp-S b. sftd-\n-b-kv, Hdn-P ap- X-emb ]nxm- - m hmz-{]-xn- hm-z-øn-te s -ts- n-h- -h-cm- Wv. X n-\n-anøw Ah-cpsS D- -c-wn-i-fpss A[n-Im-c-kz-`mhw sxfn-bn-t - n-h- p. ]s Hcp k`-bp-ssbpw Iu kn-ent bpw Xocp-am-\-߃ Ah D -cn- p-i-bp- m-bn-. c. Iu kn-ep-iƒ Xocp-am- \w snbvxxv Ign- -Im-eØv Pohn- n-cp- -h-cpw, AXm-Xp-Im-eß-fn D m-bn-cp- -h-cp-amb ]fin-x- m-cmbncp- -hcpw k`m t\xm- -fpss A`n-{]mb shfn- -Øn-emWv Cu \ne-bn-emwv Imt\m-\n-Ihpw A m-øxpw G- Xm-sW v Xcw-Xn-cn- m km[n- -Xv. ]pcm-x\ ssisø-gpøp {]- Xn-I-fmb ssk\m- n- kv, høn- m-\kv (Vaticanus) C-h \m-emw \q- m- p ap-x-ep- -Xpw 27 ]p-kv- X-I-ß-sf-bpw Dƒ-s m- p- -Xpss_-_n-fn-s B-[n-Im-cnIX 17:28; XosØmkv 1:12, 1 simcn- y 15:33) d.bzna k`m-]n-xm- - m As m-{in-^sb Xncp-sh-gp- Ømbn AwKo-I-cn- n-cp- n sk v sptdmw Xs e-øo- ]cn-`m-j-bn As m-{in^m ]pkvx-i-߃ Dƒs -Sp-Øn-bn-cps - nepw Ah AIm-t\m-\n-Isa p {]Jym-]n- p. kndn, B- Zn-bm-b-h CXns\ Xncp-sh-gp- Øm-bn AwKo-I-cn- n-cp-s - nepw F{_mb thz-]p-kvx-i-øns `mk-ambn AwKo-I-cn- n-. ante-tømkv (k- ZvZnknse _nj- v) Xøm-dm- nb Imt\m-\nI ]pkvx-i-]- n-i-bn A-s m-{in- ^ ]pkvx-i-ß-sfm pw Dƒs - n-cp- n-. eshm-zniym Iu knepw (A.D. 363) Imt\m-\nI {KŸ-ß-f- msx as mcp {K-Ÿhpw k`-bn hmbn- phm ]msn F p kv]jvs-am- n. e. \ho-icw I Øm- ƒ As m-{in-^sb Xncp-sh-gp- Ømbn AwKo-I-cn- n-. \ho-i-cwi Øm- -fmbn Adn-b-s -Sp hn n-^v, am n eqy, Im hn F n-h-cpss ap{zm-hmiyw Xs Sola Scriptura (Xncp-sh-gpØp am{xw) F m-bncp p. eodm-bnse \o-t m-fmkv As m-{in^m ]p-kvx-i-ßsf AImt\m-\nI {K-Ÿ-ß-fn-emWp Dƒs -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p- -Xv. hn n- ^ns ss_-_n-ƒ ]cn-`m-j-bn F{_mb Xncp-sh-gpØp am{xta am-wv. 2 ]-t{xm-kv, 2,3 tbm-l- m, bq-zm, sh-fn- m-sv C-{X-bpw ]p-kv-x-i-߃ kp-dn-bm-\n ]-cn- `m-j-i-fn tn -Ø-Xv B-dmw i- X-I-Øn-em-Wv. F- p-sim-w-sm-wv 27 {K-Ÿßƒ am-{xw sx-c-s -Sp-Øv ssz-h-\n-iz-kv-x {K-Ÿ-ß-fm-bn Aw-Ko-I-cn- -Xv F- tnm-zyw \ym-b-am-bpw D-Zn-t - mw. Cu {K- Ÿ-߃ A-s m-kv-x-en-i ]m-c- º-cy-Øn -s - -h-bm-wv F- - Xm-Wv H-cp Im-c-Ww. eq-s mkpw, a -s m-kpw A-s m-kv-xe- m B-bn-cp- n-s - n t]mepw A-h ]-s{xm-kn \n- pw, ]u-sem-kn \n- pw t\-cn- v {Inkv-Xp-hn-s\- p-dn- pw {In-kv-Xp-hns a-c-w-ti-jw \-S- kw-`-hß-sf- p-dn- pw A-dn-hp t\-sn-bh-cm-bn-cp- p. X- q-ew A-h-scbpw A-s m-kv-x-en-i ]m-c-º-cy- Øn-s `m-k-am-bn Im-W-Ww F- m-wv k-`m-]n-xm- - m I-cp- tn Øn- p- q. shãv an\n-ã I s^-j- \n C{]-Imcw tcj-s -Sp-Ønbn-cn- p- p. ""s]mxpsh As m- {In^m F p hnfn- p {KŸß-ƒ sszh \nizkvxa m-bvibm Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-I-fpsS Imt\ms `mk-a-. AXp-sIm p Ahbv p k`-bn A[n-Im-c-an-. CXc am\p-jni tcj-iƒ p- ]cn Ahsb AwKo-I-cn- p-i-tbm D]-tbm-Kn- p-itbm Acp-Xv.'' f. sszh-\n-izm-ko-b-amsw v As m-{in^ Ah-Im-is -Sp- n Hcp ]pkvxiw Imt\m-\n-IamtWm F -Xns {][m\ sxfnhp B {KŸw Bfl \nizkvx-amtwm F XmWv. ""btlmh Acp-fn-s bvxp'' ""sszhw Iev]n p'' F n-ßs\ \ymb-{]- amw ]pkvx-ß-fn am{xw Fgp- q-tdmfw {]mhiyw tcjs -Sp-Øn-bn- p- v. F m CXpt]m-se-bp B -cni sxfn-hp- Iƒ As m-{in^m {KŸ-ß-fn Cs p am{x-a XßfpsS hm p-i-fm-sw p tcj-s -Sp- Øn-bn-cn- p-i-bpw snøp- p. DZm: ""AXp-sIm p Rm\pw IY ChnsS Ah-km-\n- n- mw. CXp \ mbn ]d p ^en- ns - n CXp Xs -bmwv Rm Bin- -Xv. CXp th {X \ m-bn- n-s - n F\n p CXp am{xsa Ignbq'' (2 a m- _n-b-cpss Ah-km\ `mkw) ]pxnb\nba Imt\m\pw Iu kn-ep-ifpw Xn-bn-cp- -Xv. a-s m-cp Im-c-Ww Cu {K-Ÿ-߃ an- B-Zn-a-k- `-I-fn-epw B-[n-Im-cn-I-am-bn kzo- I-cn- -s - p F- -Xm-Wv. G-Xmbm-epw Im-t\m cq-]-h-ev- -c- Ww G-sX- n-epw H-cp a-\p-jys -tbm, Iu -kn-en-s -tbm Hu-tZym-Kn-I {]-Jym-]-\-a-. hnhn-[ {K-Ÿ-ß-fp-sS tbm-ky-x-bpw sf-iy-hpw A-h-bp-sS B- -cn-i i- n-hn-ti-j-øn-s ]-cn-wn-x- ^-e-am-wv. Nn-e {K-Ÿ-߃ Aw- Ko-I-cn- -s -Sp-hm Xm-a-kw t\- cn-s - n-epw A-Xn-\m A-h-bpsS B-fl-\n-iz-kv-X-bv- v tim- w h-cn-i-tbm sn-øp- n-. Im-t\ms h-f - -bn ssz-h-]-cn-]m-e- \w hy- -am-bn Im-Wp-hm I- gn-bpw. hym-p-{k-ÿ-ß-fn \n- p ]p-xn-b \n-b-a-{k-ÿ-ß-sf th - Xn-cn- v Iq- n-t - m C-S-bm-b- Xv ssz-hn-i \-S-Øn- p X-s -bmbn-cp- p F- p \n- w-i-bw ]- dbmw.

9 9 ka-im-eni ]{XnI HtŒm_ 05 1 mw t]-pv Xp-S D m-bn- p-s v a\- n-em- p-hm Ignbpw. tbip Xs Xnc-s -SpØ ]{ - p «olm- m-cn Hcp-h-\mb bqzmkv kvidn-tbm-øm-bpss "Zpcm-flmhv' k`bn DS-\ofw {]h Ø\ \nc-x-am-bn-cp- p. kv{xoi-fpambn Ahn-ln-X-th-gvN-bn- a ƒ hsc D m-bn-cp am ]m- am D m-bn-cp- p. AXp-sIm v k` \in- p-t]m-bn- -s{x ImcWw tbip-{inkvxp ]t{xm-km-ip ]md-ta BWv Ahsf Dd- n p \n Øn-bn-cn- p- -Xv. sim n cq]-x-bpss sa{xm-\m-bn-cp X p- ]nxm-hn\v hnizm-k-ønepw k- m- n-i-x-bnepw h hogvn \ΩpsS apºn- DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. Imt\m \nb-a-{]- Imcw At±lw in n- -s - p, F m sim n cq]x At m-`y-ambn AXn-i- -ambn {InkvXp-hm-Ip ASn-Ø-d-bn hf p-sim-t -bn-cn- p- p. hnizm-ksøbpw [m Ωn-I-X-sbbpw Ipdn v am - ]m HutZym-Kn-I-ambn ]Tn- n- p-tºmƒ am{x-ap sx m-hcw k`-bnse F m tae-[n-im-cn-i-fp-ssbpw ]Tn- n- -en D-s - v Icp-X-cp-tX. k`-bn Bcm-bmepw Xm ƒ Gs - Sp-Øn- p {hx-ß-tfmsv Ahn-iz-kvXX ]pe Øn-bm AXp k`-bpss If- -ambn Xocp-sa v am{x-a AXv k`bpss i n-sbbpw A`n-tj-I-sØbpw bn- n- pw. ss{ikvx-h-cpss CS-bn-ep hnhm-l-tam-n-\hpw th ]n-cn-b-epw, Zº-Xn- I-ƒ Znhy-AƒØm-c-bn tbip-hns km n-[y-øn H n v BPo-h-\m w ]c-kv]cw kvt\ln v Pohn- p-sim- msa- p {hx-hm-kvzm\ ewl-\-am-wv. A- Xpw k`sb _e-lo-\-am- p- p-sh v CØ-cp-W-Øn Hm -Ww. sszh-øm sxc-s -Sp- -s Zmho-Zv, kmhqƒ, tbip-hns injy-\mb bq-zmkv F n-h I Ømhv \ Inb A- `n-tjiw \jvs-s -Sp-Øn-b-h-cpsS DZm-lc-W-ß-fm-Wv. s]æmi, s]m m-i, azymi F o aq p Zpcm-i-Iƒ sshzn- 1 mw t]-pv Xp-S bp- m- pw. [m Ωn-I-X-bn A-[n-jvTn- X-amb \nb-a-amwv DØ-a-amb \nb-aw. \nb-ahpw [m an-i-xbpw c ph-gn p \oßp- Xv Btcm-Ky-I-c-a-. \nb-a-øns ]cn-c- -bn- mø [m- -an-i-xbpw [m an-i-x-bpss ASn-Ø-d-bn- mø \nb-a-ßfpw kaq-l-øn\p sx mb ktμ-i-amwv \evip- -Xv. kzx-{ ssew-kn-i-xbpw ssewkn-i-søm-gnepw am\yhpw kzoim-cy-hp-am-sw hmz-ønte p \bn- p- -XmWv sf]nkn 497 hip v d±m- n-s m- p tims-xn-hn-[n. timsxn {]Xo- n- pw-t]m-se, Cu hn[n kv{xobpss A kv Db Øp-tamsb- Xp kwi-bm-kv]-z-am-wv. bym - Øn, kv{xoifpw Ip n-ifpw IqSp-X Ac- n-x-amb Hcp kmaq-lni kml-ncy-øn-te p X n-hn-s-s -Sp-I-bmIpw D m-hp-i. k` sa{xm-t -X Isc am-{x-a A am-b-scbpw t\cmb am K-Øn \n v hyxn-n-en- n- p p F- t m- p-i. ""temiw apgp-h t\snbmepw \n-s Bflmhv \in- m F p ^ew'' F- tbip-hns hn\w A ta- \n-iƒ am-{x-a k`-bnse sshzn-icpw sshzni t{ijvt-amcpw A\p-Zn\w [ym\nt - -Xm-Wv. ]mc-º-cy-ß-fn-te v Xncn- p-t]m-hpi F høn- m Iu kn-ens B- lzm\w Bcm-[-\-{I-a-ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn- am{xw HXpßn \n p- -X-. ""k-`-bpss ]mc-º-cy-øn-te v Xncn- p-t\m- n-bm k`-bpss `uxn-i-im-cy-߃ ssiimcyw snbvxn-cp- Xv ]ptcm-ln-x-tcm ]ptcm-lnx t{ijvt- mtcm Bbn-cp- n-, ]ns tbm A am-b Bbn-cp p (A-. 6:1 7). k`m- [n-im-cn-iƒ k`-bpss kº-øns DS-aÿ-cm-ImsX shdpw Zmk-cm-bn-cn- -W-sa- mwv BZy am ]m- -bmb ]t{xmkv Xs ]d-bp- -Xv. ""Hm-tcm-cp-Ø\pw X\n p In nb Zm\sØ sszh-øns hnhn[ Zm\-ß-fpsS DØ-a-\mb Imcy-ÿs\ \ne-bn as - m-h pw th n D]- tbm-kn- -s.'' am ]m- -bpss HutZym-KnI \maw tkh-i-cpss tkh-i F m-sw- n k`-bnse a -[n-im-cn-itfm! k`-bnse A[n-Imcw `cn- p-hm-\n kvt\l-øneqss tkh\w A\p-jvTn- p-hm-\p- - XmWv. k`m-[n-im-cn-iƒ Bcm-bn-cn- -Wsa pw A[n-Imcw Fßs\ ssiimcyw snø-w-sa pw ssz-h-h-n\w hfsc hy - ambn ]Tn- n- p- p- v. hnpm-xo-b-cp-ss-ta Ah-cpsS cmpm- am- B[n-]Xyw ASnt ]n- p- p. Xß-fp-sS-ta A[n-Im-cap- -hsc Ah D]-Im-cn-I-fmbn IW- m- p-ibpw snøp- p. F m, \n߃ Aß-s\-bm-bn-cn- -cp-xv. \nß-fn G hpw hen-b-h G- hpw sndn-b-h-s\-t m-sebpw A[n-Im-c-ap- -h ip{iq-j-i-s\-t msebpw Bbn-cn- -Ww.'' ^m. Pbnwkv a m- ]d- p. \nb-ahpw [m Ωn-I-Xbpw c p hgn v am[y-a-߃ v ap hn[n... 1 mw t]-pv Xp-S tims-xn-bn-en-cn- p \ymbm-[n-]cpw a- \p-jy-cm-wv. am[y-a-ß-fn XpS- -bmbn ImWp- Xpw tiƒ p- Xpw hmbn- p- Xpw kzm`m-hn-i-ambn Ah-cpsS a\- knepw ap hn-[n v CS-bm- -s -Smw. ap hn-[n-tbmss tikv ssiimcyw sntø n h m, Ah-cpsS a\-kn cq]-s - p-t]mb [mc-w-iƒ \S-]-Sn-I-fn {]Xn-^-en- pw. am[y-a-kzm-[o-\-øn \n p tamn\w t\sn tims-xn-bn-en-cp A]q hw \ymbm-[n-]-cn-sem-cm-fm-bn-cp p ap ]v apwss_ sslt m-s-xn-bn tkh-\-a-\pjvtn- n-cp- PÃokv tsm. At±lw Hcp ]{Xhpw hmbn- n-cp- n-. ImcWw ]{X-hm Ø-Iƒ tikns \S-]Sn ]m m-xy-cm-py-ß-fn \n p \nba-߃ AtX-]Sn C y-bn-te p ]I - Øp-tºmƒ Ahn-S-ß-fn-ep kmaq-lni kpc- m-kw-hn-[m-\-߃ ChnsSbn F- Xp ad- -cp-xv. sf]nkn 497 mw hip v ]q W-ambpw d±m- p- -Xn\p ]Icw enwkk-a-xz-øn\pw kv{xobpss A -kn\pw hncp- -amb {]kvxpx hip v DNn-X-amb coxn-bn hymjym-\nt m t`z-kxn snbvtxm enwk-k-a-xzhpw kv{xobpss A- kpw Db Øn- n-sn- p- -Xn-\m-bn-cp p tim-sxn {ian-t - -Xv. timsxn hn[n-bpss shfn- -Øn Zm- º-Xy-_- -Øns hnip- nbpw IpSpw-_- Øns `{Z-Xbpw Ip n-i-fpss kpc- n-x- Xzhpw kmaq-ly-po-hn-x-ønse [m an-i- Xbpw Dd- p-h-cp-øp- -Xn\v Bh-iy-amb \nb-a-\n amww \S-Øp- -Xn-s\- p-dn v _ -s - -h Nn n- -W-sa pw sikn- _nkn ]{X- p-dn- n Bh-iy-s - p. \n v]- -Xsb kzm[o-\n- -cp-sx v At±-l-Øn\p \n _- -ap- m-bn-cp- p. F m, temi-hp-ambn _ -an- m-sx, hmb-\-bn- msx Hcp \ymbm-[n-]\p Pohn- pi ZpjvI-c-am-sW- Xpw hnkva-cn- p- n : PÃokv si.-sn. txmakv ]d- p. A t±-iob {InkvXob ]pkvx-i-taf 1 mw t]-pv Xp-S \m-dp-ifpw taf-bpss `mk-ambn \S- pw. snb am tum. kn.-hn. hs-h-\, sk{i- dn A Ip v Ce- q, I ho-\ dh. kn.-]n. tam\mbn XpS-ßn-b-h t\- XrXzw \ Ipw. Ãmƒ _p nßv Bcw-`n- p. IqSp-X hnh-c-߃ v _ -s -SpI , BHUTAN TOURS (2NIGHTS) Paro-Thimphu. FROM KOCHI/INDIA(AIRPORT) Contact : tourselijah@gmail.com hne 95/

10 10 ka-im-eni ]{XnI [ym\w HtŒm_ 05 F.-sF. tpm p-ip n aigeorgekutty@gmail.com mw t]-pv Xp-S Nn-e ]p-cm-x-\ ssi-sb-gp- Øp {]-Xn-I-fn A-Im-t\m-\n-I {K-Ÿ-ß-fpw Im-W-s -Sp- -Xn-\v {]-txy-i Im-c-W-ap- v. ssi-sbgp-øp {]-Xn-bn Im-t\m-\n-I {K- Ÿ-ß-fp-sS Iq- -Øn Im-W-s - -Xp sim- v Im-t\m-\n-I-am-bn-cn- -W-sa- v I-cp-Xp- -Xn A - -an-. ko-\m-bn en-jn-x-ß-fn _ - -_m-kn-s te-j-\-hpw sl -Ωm-kn-s C-S-b-\pw D- v. A-e-Iv-km-{ n-b- en-jn-x-ßfn s -a v F.-Un. 95 t\m-s-sp- n- v sim-cn- y-k-`-bv-s -gp-xn-b te-j-\-hpw _n.-kn. H- mw \q- m- n-se b-lq-z-io -Ø-\-k- b-am-b ""i-tem-tam-s k- o -Ø- \-ß-fpw'' D- v. ssz-hn-i A-[n- Im-c-hpw, Im-t\m-\n-I-Xz-hpw C- m-ø ]-e ]p-kv-x-i-ß-fpw hniz-m-kn-i-fp-ss Po-hn-X-Øn-\v D- tø-p-\w \-ev-ip-hm-\m-bn ho- n sh- p hm-bn- p-hm A-\ph-Zn- -s - n- p- v. B-Zy \q- m- p- I-fn A-h-bp-sS I-ssø-gp-Øp {]-Xn-I-fm-Wv D-]-tbm-Kn-t - nh- -Xv. H-cp I-sø-gp-Øp-{]-Xn X- s X-øm-dm- p-hm am-k-ßfpw, A-[n-Iw Nn-e-hpw th- n-h- p. X- q-ew F- m Ip-Spw-_m-K߃- pw A-h-bp-sS {]-Xn In- p-i km- y-am-bn-cp- n-. ]-I-cw ]- n-i-fn-se s]m-xp k-tω-f-\- ß-fn h- v A-h-sb hm-bn- ptiƒ- n- p-i-bm-wv sn-bv-xp h- -Xv. C- m-c-w-øm-em-wv Xn-cpsh-gp-Øp-I-fp-sS I-sø-gp-Øp {]- Xn-I-fn Im-t\m-\n-I {K-Ÿ-ßtfm-sSm- w Nn-e A-Im-t\m-\n-I {K-Ÿ-ß-fpw Dƒ-s - p-t]m-b-xv. F.-Un. 190 t\m-s-sp-øv, A-t ym- Iy-bv- -Sp-Øp- H-cp ]- n-bn ]-s{xm-kn-s kp-hn-ti-jw hmbn- p-h- p. H-Sp-hn-em-Wv A- {]m-hn-\p- -Xp-t]m-se F- \n- v Nn-d-Ip-Iƒ D- m-bn-cps - n...zq-c-øv k- -cn- v a- cp-`q-an-bn ]m - p-am-bn-cp- p, sim-sp- m- n -\n- pw s]-cp- m- n -\n- pw _- -s - v Rm- H- cp k-t -X-Øn-te- v Hm-Sn-t m- Ip-am-bn-cp- p -(k- o.55:6 8). h- en-b {]-Xn-k- n-i-fn-eq-ss I-S- p-t]m-b Zm-ho-Zv Ip-dn- h-cn-ifm-wn-h. B-]-Øp-I-fn -\n- pw i-{xp- -fn -\n- pw c- s -Sm-\p- hm-k-\-bpw ]-cn-{ia-hpw H-c-f-hn F- m- Po-h-Pme-߃- pw kz-x-kn- -am-wv. ]- n-i-sf-t m-se ]-d- p-i F- -Xv a-\p-jy-\n \q- m- p-ifm-bn Pz-en- p-\n- n-cp- tam-lam-wv. C-cp-]-Xmw-\q- m- n hnam-\-߃ I- p-]n-sn- -txm-ss A-Xv km-[n- p. am-{x-a-, a-\pjy-cm-in F- m-cw-k-øpw hn-kva-b-i-c-am-b ]p-tcm-k-xn ssi-hcn- p. ]- n-i-tf- mƒ th-k- Øn ]-d- v a- v `q-j-wv-u-ßfn-epw _-ln-cm-im-i-øpw N-{μ- \n-epw-h-sc sn- n-d-ßp- -Xpw Xn-cn-s -Øp- -Xpw km-[m-c-wkw-`-h-am-bn. A-Xp-t]m-se-Xs -, P-em-i-b-Øn-eq-sS Du-fn-bn- p-t]m-ip- a- y-ß-sf-t m-se I-S-en-s B-g-ß-fn- k- -cn- p- A- -hm-ln-\n-iƒ \n - Ωn- v A-h-sb c-l-ky-am-bn hn-\ykn- v ]-e cm-py-ß-fpw, k-ap-{z-ßsf X-ß-fp-sS Ip-Ø-I-bm- p- p. {]-Xn-Iq-e-Øn-s \-Sphn -\n- v c- -s -Sp-hm Nn-d-Ip- Iƒ- m-bn B-in- Zm-ho-Zp-X-s a-s m-cn- ]-d-bp- p: Rm b- tlm-h-sb i-c-w-am- n-bn-cn- p- p. ]- n-i-tf, \n-ß-fp-ss ] -Δ- Cc-Ifpw th - mcpw! B-]-Øp-I-fn -\n- pw i-{xp- -fn -\n- pw c- -s -Sm-\p- hm-k-\- bpw ]-cn-{i-a-hpw H-c-f-hn F- m- Po-h-Pm-e-߃- pw kz-x-kn- -am- Wv. ]- n-i-sf-t m-se ]-d- p-i F- -Xv a-\p-jy-\n \q- m- p-i-fmbn Pz-en- p-\n- n-cp- tam-l-am-wv. C-cp-]-Xmw-\q- m- n hn-am-\- ߃ I- p-]n-sn- -txm-ss A-Xv km-[n- p. am-{x-a-, a-\p-jy-cm-in F- m-cw-k-øpw hn-kv-a-b-i-c-am-b ]p-tcm-k-xn ssi-h-cn- p. X-Øn-te- v ]-d- p-t]m-ip-hn F- v \n-߃ F-t m-sv ]-d-bp- - Xv F-ß-s\? C-Xm Zp-jv-S- m lr-z-b-]-c-am - n-i-sf C-cp- -Øv F-tø- -Xn-\v hn- p-ip-e- v A-kv- {Xw Rm-Wn-t sxm-sp- p- p (k- o.11:1 2). kp-c- n-x-ÿm-\- sa- v A-h I-cp-Xn-b ] -Δ-X-ßfn th- - m H-fn- n-cn- p- p- v F- m-wv Zm-ho-Zv Nq- n- m- p- -Xv. C- -sø k-aq-l-øn kz- -sa- v I-cp-Xn-b kp-c- n-x- ] -Δ-X-ß-fn ]n- n- o- -s -Sp- C-c-I-fp-sS \n-e-hn-fn s]m-xpa-\- m- n-sb sr- n- p- p. -Nnd-Iv D- -Xn-\m am-{xw H-cp ]- t ym- y-bn-se _n-j- v A-Xv H- cp ]m-j-fi Ir-Xn-bm-sW- p I- p-]n-sn- v X-S- -Xv. B k-`-bnse hm-b-\- m-cpw, tiƒ-hn- mcpw Cu {K-Ÿw ]-s{xm-kv A- s m-kv-x-e-s F-gp-Øm-bn-cp- psh- v B-flm - -am-bn hn-iz-kn- n-cp- p. 1. k`m-]n-xm- - m-cpss km y-߃ k`m-]n-xm- - m-cpss Fgp- Øp-I-fn ]pxnb\nba hmiy߃ D -cn- n-cn- p- -Xn \n v Hmtcmtcm ka-b-øp Imt\ms hf Fß-s\-bmbn-cp p F v \ap v {Kln- m- \m-ipw. ]pxnb \nbaw Xncp-shgp-Ømbn D -cn- n-cn- p B- ZysØ k`m-]n-xmhv _ -_mkm-sw v tum. F lmcn_v ]d-bp- p. k`m-]n-xm- - m-cpss km ysø Xmsg hcpw {]Imcw kwt -]n- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. a. c mw ixiw i. tdmanse s a v (Clement of Rome): F{_mb, 1 simcn- y, tdma, aømbn, BZn-bmb {KŸ-ß-fn H v D -cn- p- p. ii. At ym- y-bnse Ct - jykv (Ignatious of Antioch) aømbn-bpss kphn-tijhpw ]usem-kns tej- \-ß-fpw. iii t]mfn- m v (Polycarp): aøm-bn-bpss kphn-ti-jw, ]usem-kns tej-\-߃, 1 ]s{xm-kv, 1 tbml- m. iv sl Ωm-kns CS-b (Shepherd of Hermmas) : bmt m-_ns tej\w v _ -_mkv (Barnabas): aøm-bn-bpss kphn-tijw viii PÃn am n-b (Justing n- kp-c- n-x-bm-bn-cn- -W-sa- n-. ]-Xn-bn-cp- v A-sº-øp- th- - m-cp- v. B-Im-i-Øn-eq-sS ]-d- p- {]m-hn-s\ h-f-sc D-b-c- Øn ]-d- p- I-gp-I t\m- an-sp- -Xpw ]m- p-h- v A-Xns -ta Iq -Ø \-J-߃ B-gv- Øn dm- p- -Xp-am-b Zr-iy-߃ B-\n-a πm-\- v t]m-e-sø Nm- \-ep-i-fn kw-t{]-j-ww sn-ømdp- v. D-b-c-ß-fn-ep- th- - mcpw, Xm-sg ]-Xn-bn-cn- p- th- - m-cpw ]- n-i-fp-ss kp-c- n-x- ]pxnb\nba Imt\m Martyr): \mep kphn-ti-j߃, As m-kvxe {]hr- Øn-Iƒ, ]usem-kns an tej-\-ß-fpw. vii sftd-\n-bkv (Iranious) : \mep kphn-ti-j-߃, A- s m. {]hr-øn-bpss ]pkvx- Iw, ]usem-kns tej-\- ߃, s]m-xp-te-j-\-ß-fn an -Xpw, shfn- msv ]pkvx- Iw, ^nte-tam-, tbml- ms aq mw tej-\w Chsbm-gn-sI-bp F m ]p-xnb\nb-a-{k-ÿ-ßfpw Ct±-l- Øn\v ]cn-nn-x-am-bn-cp- p. b. aq mw ixiw i sx Øp- y (Tertullian) ^nte-tam, bmt m-_v, tbml- ms c pw aq pw tej-\-߃ Ch-sbm-gnsI as m ]pkvx-i-ß-fn ii \n pw D -cn- p- p. Hdn-P (Origen) aq mw ix-i-ønse G - hpw henb hnzzm Bbn-cp- p Hdn-P. Ct±-l-Øn-s ]pxnb \nba ] ni Xm-sg hcpw {]Im-c-am-bn-cp p. \mep kphn-i-j-߃. A-s mkvxe {]hr-øn-iƒ, ]usem-kns ]Xn-aq p te- J-\-߃. 1 ]s{xm-kv, 1 tbml- m, shfn- msv C-hsb F m ss{ikvx-hcpw Aw- Ko-I-cn- p p F p ]-d- tijw At±lw Xp-Scp p. ""2 ]s{xm-kv, 2 Dw 3 Dw tbml- m, bmt m-_v, bqzm, _ -_m-kns kphn-tijw, sl -Ωm-kn-s CSb, UnUm-t, F-{_m-b kphn-tijw F n-hsb Nne- kwi-bn- p- p. F.- Un. aq mw \q m- nse k`- Xz-Øn-\v `o-j-wn-bm-ip- p. ]-d- m tam-ln- a-\pjy-\v A-Xv km-[y-am-b-t mƒ t_mw-_ -hn-am-\-ß-fpw an-sskep-i-fp-sa- mw \n -Ωn- p. k-ap-{z- Øn-s A-Sn-Ø- n-eq-ss H-fn- v k- -cn- p- A- -hm-ln-\n-ifn B-W-hm-bp-[-߃ L-Sn- n- v B-{I-a-W-`o-j-Wn-bp-am-bn a- v cm-py-߃- p-k-ao-]w ]-Xp-ßn- n-s- p- p. am-\-h-cm-in-bp-ss ]ptcm-k-xn- pw \- -bv- p-am-bn a-\pjy hn-i-kn- n-s -Sp-Ø \q-x-\- km-t -Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-fm-b C -s\- pw a- pw C- v \-sω kz-ÿ-x-tb- m-tf-sd A-kz-ÿ-X-I-fn-te- t{x \-bn- p-sim- n-cn- p- -Xv. A-h th- - m-c-s I-øn-se A-kv- {X-ß-ƒ-t]m-se-bm-bn A-t\-Iw \n-c-]-cm-[n-i-sf {Iq-c-am-bn B-{Ian- v ap-dn-th-ev-]n- p-i-bpw h-i-hcp-øp-i-bpw sn-øp- p. b-ym - kz-ÿ-x- e-`n- p- -Xv Nn-d-Ip- Iƒ In- p-tºm-g-, \mw ssz-hsø i-c-w-am- p-tºm-gm-wv. Nn-d-Ip-Iƒ ]-d- p- -Xn- \v am-{x-ap- -X-. ap- -Iƒ -hn-cn- v ]- n- p- p-߃ ]p-d- Øp-h-c-W-sa- n X- - - n-bpss Nn-d-Ip-Iƒ \n-c- -c-am-bn A- Xn-t hn-cn- p-]n-sn-t - -Xp- v. A-Xm-b-Xv, Nn-d-Ip-Iƒ kv-t\- l-øn-s -bpw hm- -ey-øn-s - bpw kw-c- -W-Øn-s -bpw ÿm- \w-iq-ss-bm-w.v i-{xp-km- n- yw Xn-cn- -dn-bp- A-Ω- n-fn Nn-et mƒ A-]m-b-kq-N-\ \-ev-in Ip- p-ß-sf X-s Nn-d-I-Sn-bn-te- v H-fn- n- v c- n- p- p. \o F- \n- v a-d-hn-s-am-ip- p. \o F-s I-jv-S-Øn -\n- v kq- n- pw; c- -bp-ss D- m-k-tlm-jw-sim- v \o F-s Np- n-s m- pw -F- v Zm-ho-Zv ]m-sp- p (k- o.32:7). c- mw tem-i-a-lm-bp- bpss \ne]msv bqtk-_nbkv Xs k`m-n-cn-{x-øn- kwt -]n- n- p- v. A-t±lw AwKo-IrX ]p-kvx-iß-ƒ (Homologomena) k- nkv {KŸ-߃ (Antilegomena) hymp-{k-ÿ߃ (Pseuepigraphical) F n-ßs\ th Xn-cn- p- p. AwKo-IrX ]pkvx-iß-fmbn \mep ]pkvx-i߃, As m. {]hr-øn-iƒ, ]usem-kns tej-\-߃, 1 ]s{xm-kv, 1 tbml- m, shfn- msv F nhbpw k n- KvZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-fmbn F{_mb v Fgp-Xnb tej-\w, bmt m_v, bqzm, 2 ]s{xmkv, 2 Dw 3 Dw tbml- m F n-hbpw hymp-{k-ÿ-ßfmbn ]usem-kns \S-]- Sn-Iƒ, CS-b, ]s{xm-kns shfn- m-sv, _ -_mkns kphntijw, Un- tum- -t, F{_mb kphntijw F n-hbpw At±lw tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bn- p- v. (i) \memw ixiw i ssik-cn-bm-bnse bqtk- _n-b-kv, Ct±lw Hdn-Pns Imt\m AwKo-I-cn- p. ii AØ-t\-jykv (Athanasius) ]pxnb \nb-a-ønse 27 ]pkvxißsf Dt±-in v Imt\m-\nI {KŸ-ß-sf v BZy-ambn hnfn- Xv Ct±-lam-Wv. 27 ]pkvx-i-ßfpw Imt\m-\nIsa v Ct±lw hniz-kn- n-cp- p. iii sptdmw (Jerome) hmƒtk v (Vulgate) F -dnb-s -Sp em n thz-]pkvxiw Ct±lw ]cn-`m-js -Sp-Øn-bXmWv. C sø -Øn P -Ω ]- m-f-sø `-b- v sam-wm-t m F- sndn-b cm-py-øn-te- v ]p-cp-j- m-cpw kv-{xo-i-fpw H-cp Ip- nbpw Dƒ-s -ss 90 b-lq-z- m A-`-b-Øn-\m-bn Hm-Sn-s - p. F- m B cm-pyw A- v A- h-sc kw-c- n- m X-øm-dm- Im-sX \m-kn-i-ƒ- v ssi-amdp-i-bm-bn-cp- p. C-t mƒ, 70- -]-cw h -j-߃- p-ti-jw 2015 Hm-K-Ãv 27- -\v sam-wmt m-bp-ss A-[n-]-\m-b B - _ - v c- m-a cm-p-ip-am-c X-߃ A- v sn-bv-x-xv sim- Sn-b A-]-cm-[-am-bn-cp- p-sh- v Ip- -k-ω-xw \-S-Øn. F- m, c- mw tem-i-a-lm-bp- -Øn P -Ω-\n-tbm-sSm- w \n- _ƒ-tk-dn-b-bm-i-s, X- ß-fp-sS {]-P-I-fm-b Pq-X- msc tim -k -t{s-j Iym- ºn-te- v hn- p-sim-sp- m-sx kw-c- n- p- -Xn-\m-bn se Hm- -td-j _m -_-tdmk-bn -\n- v (d-jy-sb B-{Ian- p- -Xn-\p- tim-up-`mj) hn- p-\n- p. A-h-cp-sS B kv-t\-l- n-d-ip-iƒ B cm-pysø Pq-X- m - v c- -bm-bn. bn-{km-tb ]-d-tb- -Xv F- s - m, a-\p-jy \-tωm-sv F-Xn -Ø-t mƒ b-tlm-h \- Ωp-sS ]- -Øv C- m-bn-cp-s - n A-h \-sω Po-h-t\msS hn-gp-ßn- -f-bp-am-bn-cp- p...\-sω A-h-cp-sS ]- n-\v C-c-bm-bn sim-sp- m-bv-i-bm b-tlm-h hm-gv-ø-s -Sp-am-dm-Is. th- - m-cp-ss I-Wn-bn - \n- v ]- n-sb- -t]m-se I- Wn-s]m- n \mw h-gp-xn-t m- ncn- p- p(k- o.124). iv 27 ]pkvx-i-ßfpw Ct±lw Imt\m-\n-I-ambn kzoi-cn- ncp- p. F{_m-b-te-J\w Imt\m-\n-I-amb ]Sn- md k`-i-fn AwKo-I-cnt - p Bhiyw Ct±lw Nq n- m-wn- p. Ing- k`-i-fn Imt\m-\n- Isa v kzoi-cn hnh-chpw FSpØp ]d-bp- p. AK-Ãn-t\mkv (Agustin) eøo ]nxm- - m-cn A{K-K-Wy-\mb Ct±lw 27 ]pkvx-i-ßfpw Imt\m-\n-Isa v AwKo-I-cn- n-cp- p. Chsc IqSmsX thsdbpw ]nxm- - m Cu hnj-bsø kw_- n v Fgp-Xp-Ibpw ]dbp-ibpw snbvxn- p- v. k`m-t\- Xm- - mcpw ]fin-x- m-cp-am-bncp Ch ]pxnb \nb-a-ønse kie ]pkvx-i-ß-fp-ssbpw Imt\m-\n-I-Xz-Øn A`n-{]mb sfiy-ap- -h-c- m-bn-cp- p-sh- nepw Ah-cpsS ImeØp Hcp Imt\m hf {]m]n- p-sim- n-cp- p F -Xn\v Ch km- n-i-fm-wv. Nne {KŸ-ßsf X -c-ln-x-ß-fmbn AwKo-I-cn- p-ibpw a p NneXv hfsc hmz- {]-Xn-hm-Z-߃ pw A`n-{]mb hyxym-k-߃ pw tijw {Ita- W am{xw AwKo-I-cn- p-i-bmwv snbvxn- p- -Xv. F{_mb tej- \w AwKo-I-cn- p- -Xn\v ]Sn- m-d k`- mcpw (Western Churches) shfn- msv ]pkvxiw AwKo-I-cn- p- -Xn\v Ing- k`- mcpw (Eastern Churches) hfsc Xma-kn- p. Ing pw ]Sn- mdpw k`-i-fn s]mxp-te- J-\-ß-fn NneXp Imt\m-\n-Iambn kzoi-cn- p- -Xn\v hf-sc- mew th n-h- p.

11 11 ka-im-eni ]{XnI MATRIMONIALS / CLASSIFIEDS HtŒm_ 05 ]p-\ -hn-hm-lw am-xm-]n-xm- -tfm-ssm- w P- bv- q-cn Xm-a-k-ap- kndn-b {In-kv-Xy s]- t m-kv-xp bp-hm-hv 32, 180, Fair, B.Com Computer Pq-he-dn Un-ssk-\nw-Kv tim-gvkv. _m- y-x-bn-. P-bv- qcn kz- -am-bv Pq-h-e-dn Un-ssk-\nw-Kv I-º-\n \-S- Øp- p. A-\p-tbm-Py-am-b B-tem-N-\ -Wn- p- p , c n- -s - Xpw kv\m\- s]- -Xp-amb {InkvXy s]-s -t mkvxp bphmhv Ccp-\ndw, (31) ss{]h v Iº-\n-bn tpmen snøp- p. A\p-tbm-Py-cmb s]- s -t mkvxp bph-xn-ifpss amxm-]n-xm- -fn \n pw hnhm-lm-tem-n-\- Iƒ Wn- p- p , Pentecostal parents invite suitable proposal for their son (27/5'9") handsome, B.Com, MBA Finance, now working in an MNC in Bangalore. preference for spiritual, fair, qualified and employed girls from India or abroad (whatsapp) Pentacostal parents looking for suitable alliance to their daughter 35/156 cm MBA employed in Bahrain. Baptized and spirit filled , ajsuvartha@gmail.com kndn-b s] -t mkvxp bphmhv 33/178 cm/ πkv Sp kuzn Atd-_y-bn tpmen. A\p-tbm-Py-cmb s] -t mkvxp bph-xn-ifpss amxm-]n-xm- -fn \n pw Btem-N-\-Iƒ Wn- p-sim- p- p. kuzn-bn tpmen-bp- h v ap K-W-\ Cherammar Christian Pentecost parents prayerfully seeking marriage proposals for their daughter. Born in June 1988/157cm/ B.Sc. Nurse. Working in Ireland. She is born again, baptized and fellowship with the Church. Seeking alliance from professionally qualified boys with good spiritual background. If interested contact: years old boy, well built and handsome, 5'11'', 78 kg, BS, MS, studied in US and working in Nort Carolina, US as IT consultant seeks alliance from professionally qualified and beautiful gril working in US or USMLE / RN Passed girls in India. Ornament and denomination no bar (US) (India) mail2jerrin@gmail.com ]p\ hn-hmlw Xt -X- mø Imc-W-Øm- \nb-a-{]-imcw hnhm-ltam-nn-x-bmb s]s -t mkvxv bph-xn, 37, Ipssh v Fw.-H.-F- n B.Sc.t\gvkv Bbn tpmen snøp- p. _m y-x-i-fn-. sszh-`bhpw hnzym-`ym-k-hp-ap- - Xp-amb bphm- -fn \n- pw hnhm-lm-tem-n-\-iƒ Wn- p-sim- p- p. Ipssh- n tpmen-bp- h p ap K-W-\ , Innocent Divorcee : Pentecostal parents looking for suitable alliance for their daughter, 31/5.3, Msc Nurse from professional qualified boys with spiritual background. Preferbaly from European countries kndn-b {In-kv-Xy s]- s -t m-kv-xv bp-h-xn 26, B.Sc. Nurse, 3½ yrs experiance OET Exam\v ]Tn- p p. \ B-flo-b- \n-e-hm-cw ]p-e -Øp- bphm- -fp-ss am-xm-]n-xm- fn \n- v hn-hmlm-tem-n- \-Iƒ -Wn- p p ]p\ hn-hmlw am -tøm-ωm-bn \n- pw th -s]- v C -Un-s] -U- v N - n Iq-Sn-h-cp bp-hmhv. 33/ 175 cm, BD, MBA, MSc, Ip-ssh- n tpm-entbm-ssm- w kp-hn-ti-j-the. ^m-an-en hn-k D- v. hn- Zym-`ym-k-hpw kp-hn-ti-jth-e-bn Xm-ev-]-cy-ap- bp-h-xn-i-fp-ss am-xm-]n-xm- -fn \n- pw hn-hm-lmtem-n-\-iƒ -Wn- p- p , hospw ÿ-e-hpw hn-ev-]-\-bv v a- m-sn, B-a q-cn c- v sk v ÿ-ehpw hospw hn-ev-]-\-bv v (Hmt m t]m-ip- h-gn) Pentecostal parent settled in Dubai, looking for suitable match for their daughter (24 /5' 1" born and bought up in Dubai. She is born again, baptized and currently a member of Dubai TPM Church. She has studied B.Com, CMA (USA) CA- INTER, and Pursuing CPA, from parents of born again, baptized and qualified boys from USA/UAE/ CANADA. If interested please contact with a recent photograph and full details to Jvarghese772@gmail.com / (813) snss -bn ae-bmfw Bcm-[-\ Pastor. C.K. Reji snss -bn ]pxn-b-xmbn hcp- h-sc ae-bm-fw Bcm-[-\-bn-te v kzm-kxw snøp- p. ÿew Chromepet, Airport \pw Tambaram -Øn\pw \Sp v Church of God (Full Gospel) In India No: 25/2 New colony 13th cross street Chromepet Chennai - 44 SUNDAY CLASS 9-10 AM MALAYALAM WORSHIP 10 AM PM Phone , Mob: Law Office of Mathew Vairamon Dr.Mathew M Vairamon, M.S., LL.M., Ph.D Houston, Texas Attorney & Counselor at Law Accredited General and Family Mediator Notary Practice in Immigration Law, Social Security, Non profit exemption from IRS, Personal injury, Business Law, Contract, Power of Attorney and Wills Phone # mathewvairamon@gmail.com RE LOCATE TO DALLAS FOR YOUR DREAM HOUSE!!! CALL REALTOR MATHEW C. SAMUEL SFR, ABR, SRES, SRS, GRI, AHWD cell BEAM REAL, ESTATE LLC WEBB CHAPEL RD DALLAS TX Tel: , msamuel7@yahoo.com, ae-bmf Bcm-[\ BhSn ta ss v F Pn-\n-b-dnwKv timtfpn\p kao]w ]mã kn. A Ip v No. 70, I.P.C Peniel Prayer House, Srinivasan Nagar Etrn Veltech Vellanoor, Avadi Chennai, Mob: TH November 2018

12 MARUPPACHA Planthottam Complex Tiruvalla Ph: HtŒm_ 05 R.N.I. Reg No.67619/97 Postal Reg. No. KL/TLA/100/ License No. KL/TLA/WPP-116/ Licensed to Post without Prepayment Date of Publication Kƒ^v, Ata-cn-, Cw v XpS-ßnb cmpy-ß-fn \n pw- t\cn p Sqdp-Iƒ. k`-iƒ pw anj kwl-s\iƒ pw th n {]txyiw ]mt -PpIƒ! \yq-u ln, apw-ss_, _mw q, sim- n F- n-hn-s-ßfn \n pw bm-{xm-kw-l-߃. JORDAN ISRAEL PALESTINE EGYPT Departures from USA, UK, CANADA, MIDDLE EAST & INDIA.. Cu bm{x-bpss {]txy-i-x-iƒ tami hmkvzø \msv Zqsc-\n pw Z in s\t_m ] Δ-X-Øn \n pw bm{xm-cw`w Keoem S-en t_m p-bm{x tbip tbml- m-\m kv\m\-ta tpm ±m- \Zn- -S-hn kvtxm{x ip{iqj Ipcn-ins hgnsb [ym\-bm{x Acn-a-Xy- m-c tpmk-^ns I d txm -Øn Bcm-[-\bpw I Ør-ta-ibpw ]q Δ ]nxm- - m-cpss I -d-i-fp slt{_m kμ i\w sl Ω KtZm bp w \S- m t]mip sakntzm Xmgvhcbn-eqsS bm{x ^nen- ns ssik-cy-bn kμ i\w sbcp-itew tzhm-ebw \n Ωn- m Xøm-sd-Sp- p ÿew Nmhp-I-S-ense A\p-`-h-߃ bn{k-tb a ƒ XmhfaSn ÿeøp IqSn {]bmww sn -S XocØv cm{xn hn{iaw kqbkv I\m IS p sibvtdm-bn-te v ss\ \Zn-bn I bm{xbpw AØm-ghpw CuPn-]vjy ayqkn-bw, ]nc-anup-iƒ, kv^nßvkv, tpmk^pw adn-bbpw tbip p- p-ambn Hfn p ]m Ø ÿe-߃.. bm{x snøp {][m\ ÿe-߃ tpm -±m : A-tΩm, tam-hm-_v, ]n-kv- Im sim-sp-ap-sn, Kn-e-bm-Zv, tpm -±m Xmgv-h-c. bn-{km-tb : tkmem Ip- p-iƒ, ^nen- n-s ssi-k-cy, tbm-, ssl-^, ss A-ho-hv, I -tω ] -Δ-Xw, s_- lm-bv Km -U, sb-cn-tlm ]- -Ww, \- t{k-øv {Km-aw, Kn -Km, Nm-hp-I-S, a-kv-z-e-{km-aw, i-a-cy, _-ty, \-bow, Im- \, bm-t m-_n-s In-W, a-iv-t]-e, sl-t{_m, G-em-Xm-gv-h-c, sl -Ω-KtZm, K-eo-e- -S, tpm -±m \-Zn, sb-cp-i-tew, _-Y-\n, t_-xv-e-tlw, Xmt_m -a-e, ko-tbm -a-e, H-en-hp-a-e, tkm -tkm-ym, I-øm-^m-hn-s A-c-a-\, Ip-cn-in-s h-gn, A-cn-a-Xy- m-c tpmk-^n-s I- -d-tøm- w, Jpw-{_m. Cu-Pn-]v-Xv: ko-\m-bv, tlm-tc-_v, am-dm, F-en-w, ^-d-thm-\n-iv hn-t -Pv, sn- -S, kq-b-kv I-\m, ss\, kv-^nw-kv-kv, ]n-c-an-up-iƒ, ]p-cm-x-\ k-`-iƒ. Hm Ω-bn kq n- m F{X-sb{X ÿe-ßfpw ImgvN-Ifpw... ASp-Ø-bm-{X \-hw-_ 14 Printed, published and owned by Achenkunju Elanthoor, Planthottam Complex, Tiruvalla-1. Printed at Rashtra Deepika for MGM Offset Press, Kottayam, Published at Planthottam Complex, Tiruvalla-1 Editor : Achenkunju Elanthoor.