ALPHA INSTITUTE OF THEOLOGY AND SCIENCE

Transcription

1 ALPHA INSTITUTE OF THEOLOGY AND SCIENCE Thalassery, Kerala, India Ph: , Web: alphits@gmail.com

2 D QQ- QS w D S w Title: Christology Published by: The Director, Alpha Institute, Archdiocese of Tellicherry, Sandesa Bhavan, Tellicherry, , Kannur, Kerala Ph: , Published on: 2014 September 8 (Nativity of Bl. Virgin Mary) Editorial Board: Rev. Dr. Joseph Pamplany Rev. Dr. Thomas Kochukarottu Office Assistance: Rev. Sr. Celin Kunnel FCC Mrs. Anitha Vijayan Mrs. Jeshitha Vijesh Miss. Bhavya K Design & Layout: Mr. Midhun Thomas Printing: Midas Offset, Kuthuparamba Copy Right: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher hmkvzm-\-ß-fpss ]q Øo-I-c-W-amb {InkvXp {InkvXp cl-ky-߃ Hcp ]T\w ssz-h-cmpyw: tbip-hns ktµiw tbip-hns acww tbip-hns D m\w {InkvXphn m\obkxy߃ {InkvXp-hn- m-\obw \q m- p-i-fn-eqss tbip ]pxnb\nbtaxc t{kmx pifn {InkvXphn m\obønse \qx-\m-`n-ap-jy-߃ tbip-{inkvxp Hcp Ncn-{Xm-t\z-jWw HmwIm-c-Øn \n v Hta-K-bn-te v

3 01 Published for the use of the students of Alpha Institute of Theology and Science tbip «nl- m-tcmsp tnmzn p ""Rm Bcm- W- mwv \n߃ ]d-bp- Xv'' Cu Hcp tnmzyw F m-ehpw F m P\-X-tbmSpw Bh Øn- -s - Sp H m-wv. Cu tnmzy-øn\v DØcw txsn XpSßp-tºm-gmWv {InkvXp hn m-\obw A-Yhm Christology Bcw-`n- p-i. t]mƒ Bdm-a am m Hcn- ]d- p. ""Hgn p IqSm-\m-hm-ØXpw F m hfsc efn-xhp-amb c v tnmzy-߃ v \mw DØcw ]d-tb- nbn-cn- p- p. ""tbip Ah-\n Bcm-Wv, tbip F\n v BcmWv''? \n-c-h[n sszh-im-kv{x- - m hnhn[ Ime-L- -ß-fn, hnhn[ ]mc-ºcy ] m- Ø-e-ß-fn {ia-i-c-amb Cu At\z-j-W-]mX sh nøp-d- m {ian- n- p- v. GsXmcp Xe-ap-d-bpw, GsXmcp Ime-L- hpw tbiphn-\m kzm[o-\n- -s -SmsX IS p t]mbn- n-. IS p t]mhp-i-bp-an-. tbip ss{i-kvxh hnizm-k- Øns ti{µ-_n-µp-hm-wv. AXpsIm p Xs

4 GsXmcp sszh-imkv{x ]T-\hpw tbip Bcm-sW v Kuc-h-ambn ]Tn- msx IS p t]mhpi km y-a-. {InkvXp hn m-\obøns {]k n Hcp-hs tbip-hn-ep hnizm-ksø hni-zo-i-cn- p-hm\pw Ah-X-cn- n- p-hm\pw tbip-hn-s\- p-dn- p Adnhv Bh-iy-am- Wv. Cu Adnhv tbi-p-hn-ep Ahs ka -WsØ Dd- n- p- Ibpw Ah-s\-Øs Is -Øm klm-bn- p-ibpw snøp- p. hnip BK-kvXo-t\mkv ]d-bp- p. ""\mym Rm Fs - Øs Adn-bp-hm Aßsb Adn-b-s.'' Hcp-hs AkvXn-XzsØ- p-dn- p At\z-jWw sszh-øns AkvXn-Xz-Øn FØnt -cpw. tbip F hy nsb ASp-Ø-dn-bm {ian- p GsXmcmfp-tSbpw D n DZn- p \nc-h-[n-bmb tnmzy-߃ v DØ-c-amWv tbip hn m-\o-bw. hnizmk Pohn-X-Øn Ah t\cn-sp F m {]Xn-k- n-iƒ pw DØ-c-amWv tbip. XXz- Nn- -I-\mb CΩm-\p-th Ims ns Nn m-k-c-wn-bpss ] møe-øn hni-i-e\w snøp-tºmƒ {]k- -amb aq p tnmzy-ß-fmwv {InkvXp-hn- m-\o-b-øns D -S w. tbip {InkvXp-hns hy n-]-c-amb A\-\y-X-sb- p-dn v F\n v F v Adn-bm km[n pw? F v c -bmwv F\n v tbiphn \n v {]Xo- n- m km[n- p-i? sszh-]q-{x\pw temi c -I-\p-amb tbip {InkvXp-hn Fs AkvXn-XzsØ ]q Æ-ambpw ka n- m Rm F mwv sntø- -Xv? Cu tnmzy-߃ v ]q Æ-ambpw DØcw e`n- -W-sa- n tbiphns\ pdn v Adnt axn-bm-hp. Cu Adnhv kºm-zn- phm c v ASn-ÿm\ LS-I-߃ Bh-iy-amWv: 1) hnizmkw 2) hnip- n. hnizmkw Ign tbip kw`-h-ß-sf- p-dn- p G p-]-d- n tbip-hn-ep kºq Æ ka -Ww. tbip-hn-eqss c t\sm-sa- p ASn-bp-d Dd- v. hnip n ""Fs I Øm-hmb tbip {InkvXp-hns\ n-bp m\w IqSp-X hne-bp- -Xm-I-bm k hpw \jvs-am-bn-øs Rm ]cn-k-wn- p- p. Ahs\ {]Xn Rm ki-ehpw \jvs-s -Sp- Øp-Ibpw D njvsw t]mse Icp-Xp-I-bp-amWv. CXv {InkvXphns\ t\sp- -Xn\pw Ah-t\mSpIqsS H mbn ImW-s -Sp- - Xn\pw th n-bs{x.'' (^nen. 3:8-10). {InkvXphn m-\o-b-øns Dd-hn-S-߃ {InkvXp hn m-\o-b-øns Dd-hn-S-ß-sf- p-dn v hni-z-amb Hcp ]T-\-Øn\v ChnsS ]cnanxn D Xn\m Dd-hn-S-ßsf am{xw {]Xn-]m-Zn v IS- p-t]m-imw: hn. -{KŸw, hnip- -]m-c-ºcyw, ]cnip- m-flm-hns {]tnm-z-\-߃, Bcm-[-\-{Iaw, Ie-bpw, kmln- Xy-cq-]-ßfpw, k`-bpss B\p-Im-enI {]t_m-[-\-߃, Pohn- Xm-\p-`-h-ß-fn-eq-sS-bp shfn-s -Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ apx-em-b-h. ss n-fnse tbip-{in-kvxp tbip BcmWv F tnmzy-øn\v IrXy-X-tbmsS DØcw \ Im Ign-bp GI Dd-hnSw ss n-fm-wv. ss n-fn\v ]pdøv Cu tnmzy-øn\v bp n-k-l-ambn DØcw \ Im Bhp Dd-hn-S-߃ hnc-f-am-wv. ss nƒ Poh-N-cn-{X-hn-h-c- W-ß-f- m-ø-xn tbip-hns hy n-xz-sø- p- -dn- pw, {]h Ø- \-ß-sf- p-dn- p-ap hnh-c-w-߃ {Iam-\p-K-X-ambn ss nfn ImWm-\m-hn-. ]g-b-\n-b-a-øn tbip-hn-s\- p-dn- p shfn-]m-sp-ifpw \mep kphn-ti-j-ß-fnse {]Xn-]m-Z-\-ßfpw H n-t\m-ssm v Xpey-a-s - nepw Ah ]c-kv]c ]qc-i-ß-fm- Wv. F nepw Hmtcm hn.-{k-ÿ-im-c- mcpw tbip-hns\ Ah-X-cn- n- p- -Xns {]txy-i-x-iƒ sim v aøm-bn-bpss {InkvXp hn m-\o-bw, a t m-kns {InkvXp-hn- m-\obw ]utemkns {InkvXp-hn- m-\obw F n-ßs\ ]cn-k-wn- -s -Sp- p. tbip-hn- m-\o-bsø kao-]n- n- p sszh-im-kv{x- - m s]mxpth kzoi-cn- n- p ]T-\-co-Xn-I-fn {][m-\-ambn tbip-hn\v e`n- n- p hnhn[ kw -Isf B[m-c-am- nbm-wv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn I Øm-hv, anin-lm, sszh-]p-{x, a\pjy-]p-{x XpS-ßn-b-h. Ch-sb- p-dn- p hni-z-amb {]Xn-]m- Z\w Np-hsS tn p- p. tbiphns A`n-[m-\-߃ (Christological Titles) 1. I Ømhv: AtZm-\mbv (adonai) F lo{_p- ]ZØn\p kam-\-amb Iypdn-tbmkv (Kyrios) F {Ko p ]Z-amWv tbip- {In-kvXp-hn-s -A-`n-[m-\-ß-fn-sem- mbn ]pxn-b-\n-baw D]-tbm- Kn- p- -Xv. ""tbip I Øm-hmWv'' F -XmWv k`-bnse BZysØ hnizm-k-{]-amww (A 8:16; 19:5). ]utem-kns tej-\-ß-fn-ep-s-\ofw Cu hnizm-k-{]-jym-]\w ImWmw (tdmam 10:9;1 timdn 7:22; 12:3;2 timdn 4:5). ]t{xm-kns {]kw-k-ønepw 6 7

5 tbip-hns I ØrXzw G p-]-d-bp- p v (A 1:21; 2:36). Acamb `mj D]-tbm-Kn- n-cp k`-i-fpss amdm-\møm maranatha- I Øm-th h mepw (cfr.1 timdn 16:22; shfn 22:20) F {]m \ tbip-hns I Ør-XzsØ G p ]d-bp- -Xm-Wv. ^nen 2:6 11 ImWp {InkvXp cl-ky-ko-xw, ]utemkv tej\w cnn- p- -Xn-\p-aptº BZn-a-k-`-bn \ne-hn-ep- mbn-cp {InkvXp c-l-ky-ko-x-ß-fn (Christological hymns) H mbncp p F hmzw AwKo-I-cn- m, ]utem-kns Ime- Øn\p apºp Xs tbip I Øm-hm-sW hnizmkw cqvaq-e-am-bn-cp- p-sh p Icp-Xmw. ""I Øm-hns AØmgw'' F ]Z-{]-tbm-Khpw (1 timdn 11:23) ]utem-kns kz -am-im-\n-sbn-. "tbip, I Øm-hmWv' F hnizm-k-{]-jym-]-\-øn-eqss tbip-hns sszhn-i-x-bmwv BZn-a-k` G p-]-d-bp- Xv (A 7:59-60; 1 timdn 12:8; 16:22). Xß-fpsS hnizm-k-øn\v B[m-camb hy n F \ne-bnepw (A 5:14; 9:42; 11:24) sszh-tømssm w kie A[n-Im-c-ß-fnepw ] p-]- p- -h F -b - Ønepw (A. 2:34) BZna ss{ikvx-h I Ømhv F ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn- n-cp- p. ]g-b-\n-b-a-ønse "bmlvsh'bv p kam-\- amb I Ømhv (kyrios) F t]cv blq-z-ss{i-kvx-h tbiphns\ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ snøm D]-tbm-Kn- ncp- p-sh- Xv BZn-a-k-`bv v tbip-hns sszhn-i-x-bn D m-bn-cp ASnbp-d hnizm-k-øns sxfn-hm-wv. ]g-b-\n-b-a-øn \n v D -cn- p kµ `-ß-fn ]pxn-b-\n-b-a-{k-ÿ-i Øm- ƒ "bmlvsh' F Xv "I Ømhv' F m n am p- -Xns ]n nse {]tnm-z-\hpw CXpXs -bmwv (cfr. tdmam 10:13; sl{_m 1:10; 1 ]t{xm 2:3; 3:15). "tbip, I Øm-hmWv' F {]Jym-]-\-Øn-eqsS i nbpw m\hpw _lp-am-\hpw kzoi-cn- m Ahn-Sp v tbmky-\mwv (shfn 5:12) F pw A -am- p- p- v. tbip-hn\v F m A[n- Im-c-hp-ap-s pw (aøm 28:18) Ahs ap n F m ap p-ifpw as-ßp-sa pw (^nen 2:10) Ah kie krjvsn-i-fp-ssbpw A[n- \m-y-\m-sw pw (tdmam 10:12; 14:9; ^nen 2:11) cmpm- - m-cpss cmpmhpw I Øm- -fpss I Øm-hp-am-sW p (shfn 19:16) ap hnizmkw CXn-eqsS {]Xn-^-en- p- p. IqSmsX, tbip k`-bpssbpw I Øm-hmWv (tbml 20:28; tdmam 5:2 Xntam 1:8). X߃ {InkvXp-hns ASn-a-I-fm-sW v BZn-a-ss{I-kvX-h G p-]-d- bp-tºmƒ tbip-hns I Ør-Xz-amWv ]tcm- -ambn Ah G p- ]-d- n-cp- Xv (tdmam 14:4;1 timdn 7:21-24). al-øzo-ir-x-\mb I Øm-hns hn\w F \ne-bn-emwv BZna ss{ikvx-h A -kvtxm-e- m-cpss hm p-isf {ihn- n-cp- Xv (1 timdn 14:37; shfn 2:3 ff). Xß-fpsS hnizm-k-øns i nbpw ASn-ÿm-\hpw F \ne-bnepw I Ømhv F ]Zw BZna ss{ikvx-h D]-tbm- Kn- n-cp- p. tbip, I Øm-hm-sW v G p ]d-bp- -Xn-eq-sS, tbip Xß-fpsS PohnXw ]Wn-Xp-b Øm-\p ASn-ÿm-\-amsW pw Ah {]Jym-]n- p- p. ""I Øm-hn '' (In Kyrio) F ]Z {]tbmkw Cu A -Øn-emWv (tdmam 8:39; 1 timdn 7:2). Xs ac-ww, D m-\w, al-øzo-i-cww F o kw`-h-ß-fneq-ss-bmwv tbip-hns I ØrXzw ]q Æ-ambpw k`bv p shfns -Sp-Ø-s - Xv (cfr. aøm 28:18; 1 tbml 20:28; A 2:36; tdmam 10:9; ^nen 2:9 11). X qew, D m-\-øn\p apºv tbip-hns\ ""I Ømhv'' F p hnfn- p kµ `-ß-fn Kpcp, bp-am-\ Fs m-s tb ]pxnb \nbaw A -am- p- p p (a t m 10:51; aøm 20:33; eq m 6:46; 18:41; tbml 13:13). F m, tbip Xs -Øs ""I Ømhv'' F v A`n-kw-t_m-[\ snøp Ahk-c-ß-fn, Iyqcn-tbmkv (I Ømhv) F ]Z-Øn kie A[n-Im-chpw D -h, sszh-k-am-\ Fs m-s -bm-w w (aøm 7:21; a t m 12:35 ff). ]pxnb \nb-a-{kÿ- -sf mw D m- \m-\- cw Fgp-X-s - -Xm-I-bm C{]-Imcw Hcp A -hyxnbm\w th Xn-cn- pi {ia-i-c-am-wv. X q-ew, Ncn-{X-]p-cp-j\mb tbip-hns\ kqnn- n- p-hm\pw I Ømhv (Kyrios) F ]Zw Xs -bmwv kphn-ti-j-i- m D]-tbm-Kn- p- -Xv. BZna-k` tbip-hns\ I Øm-hmbn G p-]-d-bp-tºmƒ AhnSpsØ ZuXyw sszh-z-ø-am-bn-cp p F Ah-t_m[w Ah p- m-bn-cp- p. F mw Ah\v A[o-\-am-bn- -gn-bp-tºmƒ Ah Xs -Øs sszhøn\v A[o-\-am- p- p. 2. {InkvXp (Christ) aninlm: {InkvtXmkv F {Ko p ]Z- Øn \n mwv {InkvXp F ae-bm-f-]-z-øns D -hw. CXn\p kam-\-amb lo{_p-]zw sajn-bmlv BWv. Cu hm ns A w "A`n-jn- ' F m-wv. tbip-hns kw -bmbn km[m-cw D]-tbm-Kn- p hm m-wn-xv. 8 9

6 ]g-b-\n-b-a-øn : hcm\ncn- p c Is\ kqnn- n- m ]g-b-\n-b-a-øn D]-tbm-Kn hm m-wn-xv. c -Is\ cmp-xz-hp-ambn _ -s - mwv blq-z I -Xv. cmpm- - m ÿm\w G - p-tºmƒ A`n-jn- -cm-ip ]Xn-hp- m-bn-cp p (1 kmap 16:16; 1 cmpm 19:16). AXn-\m cm-pm- - msc "A`n-jn- ' F p hnfn- pam-bn-cp- p. AXpt]mse, {]hm-n-icpw ]ptcm-ln-x-cpss A`ntjIw kzoi-cn- -h-cm-bn-cp p (tehy 4:3; Gi 45:1). c -sb- p-dn- p {]Xo ""c -I '' F hy n-bp-ambn _ n- n pw ""sszh-øns CS-s]-S '' F s]mxp-hmb A - Ønepw a\- n-em- p- p- v. ]g-b-\n-b-a-øn ] -{K-Ÿnbn Øs ""{InkvXp''hpambn _ n- n v hymjym-\n- p `mk߃ D v. (D ] 12:1 f; 49:10; kwjy 24:17-19). \nb 18:15,16- c -Is\ tamisbt mse henb {]hm-n-i-\mbn Ah-X-cn- n- n-cn- p p. Zmho-Zns IpSpw-_-hp-ambn CXv _ n- n- s Sp- Ibpw ""{InkvXp'' F kw- bv v ]I-c-ambn ""Zmho-Zns ]p{x '' F hm v D]-tbm- -Kn- p ]mc-ºcyw h-cp-ibpw snbvxp. Zmho-Zn\v, sszhw \my {]hm-n-i hgn \ Ip hmkvzm-\-amwv ZmhoZp hwi-hp-am-bp c -Is _ -Øn\v ASn-ÿm\w (2 kmap 7:13-14). {]hm-n-i-{kÿß-fn ""{InkvXp''hns\- p-dn- p- {]Xo- - Iƒ hy -amb cq]-sa-sp- p- p. cmp-xz-øns ÿnco-i-c-whpw \nxy-amb \ne-\n pw Cu {]h-n-\-ß-fn {]Xo- -bpss `mkambn {]Xy- -s -Sp- p- v. {]hm-k-øns kml-n-cy-øn cmp- Xz-Øns ]p\ ÿm-]\w {][m\ hn-j-b-am-bn-cp- p. Gi-ømbpsS {KŸ-Øn-emWv {InkvXp-hn-s\- p-dn- p {]Xo \ Is -Sp- Xv.- Zmho-Zns hwi-hp-am-bp _ w Cu {]h-n-\-ßfpss Hcp ASn-ÿm\ am\-amwv (Gi 9 11). ""c -I\pw'' ""A`ntj-Ihpw'' XΩn-ep _ w Gi 61:1f- hy -am- p- p. sszh- Øns Bflm-hn-\m A`n-tjIw snø-s - -h-\mwv {InkvXp. Zcn-{Z v kphntijw Adn-bn- m sszh-øm \nbp- -\mwv Ah. Gi, 40:6f; 41:27;52:7 F o `mk-ß-fnse {]h-n-\-ß-fpss hf -sbønb cq]-amwv 61:1f- ImWp- Xv. CtXm-sSm w sszh-zm-k-s\- p-dn- p Io Ø-\-ß-fn {InkvXphpw kl- \hpw XΩnep _ hpw hy -am- p p (Gi 42-53). ""c - Is\'' sszh-øns hn[n-zn\hpambn _ n- n- p {]h-n-\- ߃ D v (tpmtb, \mlpw, sk^m-\nbm). sszhw t\cn v CS-s]Spw apºv ""Genb'' hcp-sa {]Xo aem- n 4:5 ImWp- p. hn[n-bm-f-\mbn hcp sszhsø ""a\p-jy-]p-{x '' F p hnti-jn- n- - n-cn- p- p (1 Zm\n 7:13-14). Jpwdm kaq-l- Ønepw hcm-\n-c-n p anin-lm-sb- p-dn- p {]Xo- -bp- mbn-cp p (1 QS- 9.11). tdma B[n-]-Xy-Øns kml-n-cy-øn C{km-tb-ens c -I-s\- p-dn- p {]-Xo cmjv{so-b-]-c-amb Bi-b-tØmSv _ -s p a\- n-em- p-hm XpS-ßn. c -Is ZuXyw C{kmtb-ens\ tdmam- m-cn \n pw tamnn- n- p-i-bmwv F Bib-Øn\p {]m-[m\yw h p. Xo -bmbpw cmp-xzhpw cmjv{sob hntam-n-\hpw _ -s - mwv InS- -Xv. kphn-ti-j-߃ am t m-kns kphn-ti-j-øn tbip kzoi-cn- mø Hcp kw -bmwv ""{InkvXp'' {]txy-in v kphn-ti-j-øns BZy `mkøv (1:1 8:30). tbip Xs A\-\yX Hcp cl-ky-am n a\- n-em- p- p. am t m-kns e yw tbip-hns anin-lm-xzhpw kl-\hpw XΩn-ep _ w shfn-s -Sp-Øp-I-bm-Wv. C{kmtb-en \ne-\n p {]Xo AwKo-I-cn- m kl-\-øn\v ÿm\-ap- m-in-. BZy `mk-øns Ah-km\ cw-k-øn, tikdnbm ^nen- n-bn ]t{xmkv \S-Øp {]Jym-]\w "{InkvXp' F kw -bmwv D]-tbm-Kn- p- Xv (8:27-30). tbip B kwpvr AwKo-I-cn- p- p- v. ]-t, AXns D S w hyxykvx-am-bn a\- n-em- p p F Xv XpS p kw`m-j-w-øn hy -am-wv (8:31 33). ]n osv hcp {]-t_m-[-\-ß-fn Cu ]p\ hymjym\w hnhn[ am\-ß-tfmss Ah-X-cn- n- -s -Sp- p. am t m-kns ho -W-Øn {InkvXp "kln- p, acn- p sszh]p{x-\mwv'. Ipcn-in InS- p tbip-hns\ ""sszh-]p- {X '' F v {]Jym]n ptºmƒ ixm-[n-] Cu ktµiw hln- p- -h-\m-ip- p. "{InkvXp'hpw ""Zmho-Zns ]p{x''\pw XΩn-ep _ hpw ]p\ hym-jym\w snø-s -Sp- p. tbip-hns\ a p- -h ""ZmhoZns ]p{xm'' F v A`n-kw-t_m-[\ snøp- p- v (10,46-52) F m tbip-{inkvxp Zmho-Zns ]p{x-t\- mƒ sszh- Øns ]p{x-\m-sw v ÿm]n- p- p (12:35-37). 14:62 {][m\ 10 11

7 ]ptcm-ln-xs tnmzy-øn c v kw -Ifpw H n v tn s -Sp- p. aøm-bn-bpss kphn-ti- -j-øn, ssiih hnh-cww apx {InkvXphpw Zmho-Zns hwihpw XΩn-ep _ w {]m[m-\ya ln- p- p. tbip, {InkvXp-hmWv F v ]gb\nb-a-øns ]q Øo-I-c-W-am-bn aømbn sxfn-bn- p- p. eq m-bpss kphn-ti-j-a-\p-k-cn v Gi-øm-bpsS 61:1f- - D -cn p sim mwv tbip Xs {]h Ø-\-Øns A w ]c-kyambn {]Jym-]n- p- -Xv (4:16f-). tbip sszh-øns Bflmhns A`n-tjIw kzoi-cn, Zcn-{Z-cpsS hntam-n-i-\mb {InkvXphm-Wv. tbip-hn-eqss bmym y-am-ip c kaq-l-ønse Ah-K-Wn- -s - -h v e`y-am-ip- p, i n {]IS\Øn-eq-sSb Cu c km[n-x-am-ip- -Xv. adn- v, ]mh-s - -h v th n snøp Imcp-Wy-Øns sndnb {]hr-øn-i-fn-eq-ss-bmwv (eq m 7:18-23; aøm 11:2 6). Ipcn-in InS- p tbip-hns\ sh p-hn-fn- p blqz {]am-wn-ifpw Hcp hisø I \pw ""\o {InkvXp-hm-sW- n '' F mwv tnmzn- p- Xv? ]S-bm-fn-Ifm-Is, ""\o cmpm-hm-sw- n '' F mwv tnm-zn- p- Xv? {]m[m\yw simsp p- Xv cmpxz-øn-\mwv F sxmgn m hyxym-k-ß-fn-, FΩm-hqkv kw`-h-øn kl\hpw an-in-lm- Xzhpw XΩn i -amb _ -ap v F v sxfn-bn- p- p. tbiphns hm p-iƒ... ""{InkvXp CsX mw kln v al-xz-øn-te v {]th-in-t - n-bn-cp- nt?'' (23:26). tbml- ms kphn-ti-j-øn ""tbip-{inkvxp'' F kw km[m-c-w-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn- -s -Sp- p. tbip-hns\ A\p-K-an- p kv\m]-is c p injy-cn Hcm-fmb A{ tbm-kv, ina-tbm-t\msv ]d-bp- Xv ""R߃ {InkvXp-hns\ I p'' F mwv (1:41). ka-cn-bm- mcn kv{xo tbip "{InkvXp' Xs tbm F v kwi-bn- p p (4:30). {InkvXp hcp-tºmƒ F mw ]Tn- n pw F p ]d-bp Ah-tfmSv tbip ""\nt msv kwkm-cn- p Rm Xs -bmwv Ah '' F p ]d-bp-tºmƒ B kw kzbw Aw-Ko-I-cn- p p F p hy w (4.26). P\- q w tbip-hn-s\- p-dn v X n- p-tºm-gpw ""{InkvXp-hmtWm?'' F XmWv hnjbw (7:31). a Øm tb-ip-hns\ {InkvXp-hmbn {]Jym-]n- p p (11:27). cmjv{so-bhpw cmp-io-b-hp-amb A - Øn-e anin-lmxzw a\- n-em-t - Xv F v tbip Xs cmp- Iob {]th-i-\-th-f-bn sxfn-bn- p p P-\- q- -Øns {]Xo- sb Xncp-Øn-s m v tbip Igp-X- p-døp Ibdn h p (12:12-19). D]kwlm-c-Øn Xs cn-\-bpss Dt±iyw hni-z-am- ptºmƒ kphn-ti-j-i ]d-bp- -Xv, ""tbip sszh-]p-{x-\mb {InkvXp''hmsW v hniz-kn- m-\mwv F m-ip- p. kphn-ti-j-xc {KŸ-ß-fn kphn-ti-j-߃ v ]pd-øp ]pkvx-i-ß-fn-emwv ""{InkvXp'' F kw IqSp-X D]- -tbm-kn- n-cn- p- -Xv. aøm 17 a t m 7 eq m 12 tbml 19 A - a p-]p-kvxiw {InkvXp-hn- m-\o-b-øns hf -bmwv CXv ImWn- p- -Xv. tbip-hns {]h Ø\ ka-bøv {]t_m-[-\-ß-fnepw {]hr- Øn-I-fnepw ]tcm-j-am-bn-cp- Xv k`bpss Ime-L- -Øn {]Xy- -am-bn-øo - p. k` tbip-hns\ {InkvXp-hm n F v ]d-bp- -Xv A -an- mø {]kvxm-h-\-bmwv. Imc-Ww, tbip-hns\bpw {InkvXp-hn-s\bpw XΩn th Xn-cn p IqSm. tbiphmwv {InkvXp. Ncn-{Xhpw sszh-im-kv{xhpw c m-bn- m-w-cp- Xv. \mw {]Jym-]n- p hnizm-k-øns hnj-b-amb {InkvXp Ncn-{X-Øn Pohn tbip Xs -bm-wv. A -kvtxm-e-{]-h Ø-\-ß-fn, A -kvtxm-e- m-cpss {]`m- j- -W-ß-fn tbip, {InkvXp-hmWv F p {]Jym-]n- -s -Sp- p. ]utem-kns tej-\-ß-fn ""{InkvXp-sh Xv ""tbip'' F t]cn-t\msv tn Øp-h-bv p-i-tbm, H bv v D]-tbm-Kn- tbm snøm-hp t]cm-wv. {InkvXp hn m-\o-b-øns hf -bpss {][m-\-s \nan-j-߃ ChnsS ImWmw. tbip-hns c mw t]cmbn ""{InkvXp'' amdn F -XmWv ]utem-kns tej-\-ßfnse {]txy-i-x. ]utemkv {]kw-kn kphn-tijw ""{Iqin-X-\mb {InkvXp'' BWv. ]utemkv kz w A\p-`-h-Øns ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv tej-\-߃ Fgp-Xp- -Xv. Xs am\-km- -chpw ]pxnb ZuXyta-s -Sp- epw D nx\mb {InkvXp-hns\ A\p-`-hn- -Xns ^eam-wv. ""tbip-{in-kvxp-hns shfn-]m-smwv'' B A\p-`hw 25 ]utem

8 (Kem1:12). c m-i-c-amb A -Øn ]utemkv {InkvXp F kw D]-tbm-Kn- p p F v 1 timdn 10:4; 15,22; 2 timdn 5:10;11:2 3; ^nen 1:15,17; 3:7; tdmam 1:2 4 apx-emb hmiy-ß-fn \n v hy am-ip- p. ss{ikvx-h-po-hn-xsø ""{InkvXp''hnep Pohn-X-ambn ]utemkv ImWp- p. {InkvXzm-\p-`q-Xn-bp- -h-\mwv ss{ikvx-h ; {InkvXphn-t\m-sSm w kln- v, acn- v, D m\w snøp- -h-\mwv Ah. tbip-{in-kvxp-hn bm-ym yamb c bv v {]m]- n-iam-\-ap- v. D n-x-\mb {InkvXp-hn-te v {]] w apgp-h\pw \oßn-s m- n-cn- p- p (1 timdn 15:27; ^nen 3:21). {]] w apgp-h kºq Æ-hn-tam-N-\-Øn-\mbn ImØn-cn- p p (tdmam 8:19-21). {InkvXp-hn F mw H m-bn-øo-cp \nan-j-amwv A y-\n-an-j-ambn \mw a\- n-em- p- -Xv. a p ]pxnb \nb-a-{k-ÿ-ß-fnse {InkvXp-hn- m-\obw kphnti-j-ß-fn-sebpw ]utem-kns tej-\-ß-fn-sebpw ssz-h-imkv{x-øn \n pw ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn hyxy-kvxa-. sl{_mb ""{InkvXp'' F kw ""]ptcm-ln-xs [ Ω-Øns '' ASn-ÿm-\-Øn hnizo-i-cn- p- p. shfn-]m-sns ]pkvxiw "Ncn-{XsØ \nb-{ n- p sszh-øns Ncn-{X-c-l-ky-ß-fpsS Npcpƒ \nh Øm Ah-Im-i-ap-, D n-x-\mb {InkvXp-hns\-bmWv kln- p kaq-l-øns apºn amxri-bmbn hbv p- -Xv. ImtXm-enI tej-\-ß-fn {InkvXp-hn- m-\obw {]txyi ]mj-fi-x-i-fp-ssbpw hn`n Nn -I-fp-sSbpw ] m- Ø-e-Øn hymjym-\n- -s -Sp- p.' tbip {InkvXp-hm-Ip p F XpXs ASn-ÿm\ k-tµ-iw (I Øm-hv, aninlm ImWpI). 3. sszh-]p-{x C{kmtbens\ sszh-øns ]p{x-s\ pw (aøm 2: 13f-f-; cfr-. tlmkn 11:1) hnizm-kn-isf sszh-]p-{x- m-sc pw (eq m 20:36) ]pxn-b-\n-baw hnti-jn- n- p- p-s - nepw tbip-hns sszh]p-{x-ÿm-\-øns A\-\y-t{i-jvTX ]pxnb \nbaw Bh Øn p ka n- p- p- v. tbip-hns A`n-[m-\-ß-fn G hpw {]-[m-\-s - -XmWv ""sszh-]p-{x '' F hnti-j-ww. a. a t mkns kphn-ti-j-øn : tbip-hns\ sszh-]p- {X-\m-bmWv a t mkv Ah-X-cn- n- p- -Xv. kphn-ti-j-øns BZy-hm-NIw Xs Cu hkvxpx G p-]-d-bp- p v (1:1). tbip sszh-]p-{x-\m-sw- p ixm-[n-]s F p-]-d- n-tem-sp-iq-snbmwv kphn-tijw Ah-km-\n- p- Xv (15:39). sszh-]p-{x F ]Z-Øn\v a t m-kns kphn-ti-j-øn hf-sc-tbsd A -X-e-ß-fp- v. i. amtωmzo-km-th-f-bnepw cq]m- -co-i-c-w-th-f-bnepw (1:11; 9:7) sszh-]n-xmhp Xs tbip-hns sszh-]p-{xxzw G p-]-d-bp- p. ii. a\p-jy-]p-{x-\m-bn-cn- th Xs tbip sszh-]p-{x-\m-wv. ""a\p-jy-]p-{x ]nxm-hns al-øz-tøm-sp-iq-sn-h-cp-tºmƒ..'' (8:38) F ]cm-a iw Cu Bibw hy -am- p- p. iii. anin-lm-bpss A`n-[m-\-sa \ne-bnepw sszh-]p-{x F ]Zw a t mkv D]-tbm-Kn- p- p- v (14:61). iv. ]nim-np- ƒ tbip-hns\ sszh-]p-{x F mwv A`nkw-t_m-[\ snøp- -Xv. AXn-`u-XnI kø-i-fmb ZpjvSm-cp- ]n-iƒ v tbip-hns sszhn-ix injy- m-sc- mƒ thk-øn a\- n-em- m Ign p F m-wn-xns b w (cfr-. 1:24; 3:11). v. ]nxm-hns CjvS-Øn\v ac-w-tømfw Iogvhgßp tbiphns A\p-k-c-Whpw hnt[-b-xzhpw Cu A`n-[m-\-Øn-eqsS {]kv]-jvs-am-ip- p- v. ]nxmhpw Xm\pw XΩn-ep At`-Zy-_- -sø- p-dn v tbip-hn\v \nc- -c-amb Ah-t_m-[-ap- m-bn-cp p (11:25; 13:42; 14:36). b. eq m-bpss kphn-ti-j-øn : Zmho-Zns ]p{x-\mbn ]nd- p tbip-hns A`n-[m-\-am-bn- mwv kphn-ti-jm-cw-`-øn eq m CXp-]-tbm-Kn- p- Xv (1:32-33). ]cp-ip- m-flm-hns {]h Øn-bn-eq-sS-bmWv tbip sszh-]p-{x-\m-ip- Xv (1:35). aninlm, sszh-]p-{x F o \ma-cq-]-߃ kam-\m -Øn-emWv eq m D]-tbm-Kn- p- Xv (4;41). cq]m- -co-i-c-w-th-f-bn ]nxmhpw (9:35), hnnm-c-w-th-f-bn tbiphpw (22:69-70) Xs sszh-]p-{xxzw G p-]-d-bp- p- v. ]nxm-hp-am-bp tbip-hns ]p{x-k-l-p-amb _ -sø- p-dn v ]cm-a in- p- -Xn eq m {]txyiw {i \ Ip- p v (2:49; 23:34). c. aømbn-bpss kphn-ti-j-øn : sszh]p{x F A`n- [m-\-sø- mƒ "a\p-jy-]p-{x ' F A`n-[m-\-amWv aømbn 14 15

9 tbip-hn\p \ Ip- -Xv. F m tbip-hn\p ]nxm-hp-am-bp ]p{x-k-l-p-amb _ -sø- p-dn v kphn-ti-j-i khn-kvxcw {]Xn-]m-Zn- p- p v (15:13; 16:17; 18:11, 19, 35; 25:34; 26:53). Cu _ w sszh-hp-ambn hnizm-kn-iƒ p _ -Øn \n v hyxy-kvx-am-wv. ""kz -Øn-ep \nß-fpss ]nxm-hv...'' F ]cm-a iw (5:16; 6:1,4,6, 18; 18:14;23:9) Cu hyxymkw FSpØp ImWn- p- p. ZpjvSm-cq-]n-Iƒ tbip-hns sszh-]p-{x-ÿm\w G p-]-d-bp- p v (16:16). F m {][m-\m-nm-cy\pw (26:63) Ipcnin Nph- n \n -hcpw (27:40) tbip-hns sszh-]p-{x-ÿm- \sø tnmzyw snøp- p- v. eq m-bpss kphn-ti-j-øn-se- - Xp-t]mse aøm-bnbpw aninlm, sszh-]p-{x F nh kam- \m -Øn-emWv D]-tbm-Kn- n-cn- p- -Xv. d. ]utem-kns tej-\-ß-fn : BZy-Ime tej-\-ß-fn hm\-ta-l-ß-fn hcp tbip-hns\ kqnn- n- m-\mwv ]utemkv sszh-]p-{x F ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn- -ncp Xv (1 sxk 1:10). ]utemkv {]kw-kn- p kphn-tijw sszh-]p-{x-\mb tbip-hns\ pdn- p- -XmWv (tdmam 1:2-3). BZn-bn ]nxm-hnt\m-ssm-øm-bn-cp ]p{xs AkvXn-Xz-sØ- p-dn v (preesxistence) ]utemkn\v Ah-t_m-[-ap- m-bn-cp p (tdmam 8:3; Kem 4:4). ]m]-øn-s bpw \nb-a-øn-s bpw B[n-]-Xy-Øn Iogn-embn-cp a\p-jys\ hos -SpØv sszh-øns ZØp-]p-{X-ÿm- \-tø- p-b Øp-I-bmWv sszh-]p-{xs a\p-jym-h-xm-c-øns e yw (tdmam 8:14-16; Kem 4:4 6). kvt\l-ønepw A\p-k-c- W-Ønepw A[n-jvTn-X-amb _ -am-bn-cp p tbiphpw ]nxmhpw XΩn-ep- m-bn-cp- Xv (simtfm 1:12-20). e. sl{_mb tej-\-øn : tb-ip-hns sszh-]p-{x-ÿm- \sø tej-\-i Ømhv Du n- -d-bp- p- v. temiw krjvsn- -s - Xv sszh-]p-{x-\n-eq-ss-bmwv (1:1 2). ]nxm-hns al-øz- Øns txp pw kø-bpss ap{z-bp-amb ]p{x Xs i nbpss hn-\-øm temisø Xmßn-\n Øp p (1:4). sszh- ]p-{x-\m-b-xn-\m-emwv tbip-hn\v sszh-`-h\-amb k`-bpss ta A[n-Imcw e`n- Xv (3:6). sszh-]p-{x-\m-bn-cp- n pw Xs kl- \-Øn-eqsS tbip A\p-k-cWw A`y-kn- p. AXp-hgn Ah \nxy-c- -bpss Dd-hn-S-ambn (5:8 10). tbip-hn hniz-kn- p- h sszh-øns a -fm-sw hnizm-khpw tej\ I Ømhn-\p v (2:10; 12:5 8). f. tbml- ms kphn-ti-j-øn : tbiphns G hpw DZm- Ø-amb A`n-[m-\-am-bmWv tbml- m sszh-]p-{x F \masø ImWp- Xv (1:12-14, 18; 13:1 3). temisø c n- p-hm- \mwv ]p{x Ab-bv -s - -Xv. Ah-\n hniz-kn- p- Xp hgn bmwv \mw c n- -s -Sp- Xv (3:16, 18, 35-36). ]nxmhpw ]p{x\pw Xpey-cmWv (3:35-36; 5:18; 10:18, 30, 34-36; 16:32; 17:10; 20:28). sszh- ]p-{x-\m-b-xn-\m hn[n- m\p A-[n-Im-chpw tbip-hn-\p v (5:33, 36-37,39). ]nxm-hns {]hr-øn-iƒ snbvxp-sim- mwv ]p{x CXv \nd-th- p- Xv (5:17; 19-30). g. tbip-hns sszh-]p-{xm-h-t_m[w: tbip Xs - p-dn v ]d-bp-tºmƒ sszh-]p-{x F A`n-[m\w D]-tbm-Kn- n-cp- n-. a\p-jy-]p-{x F mwv Ahn-Sp v kzbw hnti-jn- n- n-cp- -Xv. F m, ]nxm-hns apºn tbip-hn-\p- m-bn-cp ]p{x- Xzm-h-t_m[w Xm sszh-]p-{x-\m-sw- p tbip-hns Aht_m-[-Øn\p sxfn-hmwv (aøm 5:44-48; 6:9; 7:11). 4. a\p-jy-]p-{x (Son of Man) tbip kzbw hnti-jn- n- m kphn-ti-j-ß-fn km[m-c-w-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn- p Hcp kw. tbip-hns A[-c-ß-fn \n p am{xta Cu kw hcp- p- p. lo{_p`mj-bn Cu {]tbm-k-øn\v a\p-jy (s_ BZmw) F mwv A w. Ac-amb `mj-bn (_m \mjm/a\jm) a\pjy F -ap-s - nepw Rm F -Xn-\p-]-I-c-ambn D]- tbm-kn- n-cn- p cn-\-ifpw ImWp- p- v. CXp kw_- n v X -ap- v. ]t "a\p-jy ' F A ta AXn-\p- p-sh- n F p-sim v {Ko n-em- n-b-t mƒ A -cm -Øn X a snbvxv "lntbmkv Xp A t{ m v' (= a\p-jy-]p-{x ) F m n; ""A t{ m-t mkv'' (= a\p-jy ) F p-am{xw axnbm-bn-cp- -t m. tbip-hns {]t_m-[-\-ß-fn aq p hnj-b-ß-fp-ambn _ - s v Cu kw D]-tbm-Kn- n-cn- p- p. tbip-hns `uan-i-pohnxw, kl-\w, al-øz-tøm-ss-bp c mw BK-a\w F nh-bmwv aq p hnj-b-߃. Ch tbip-hns aq p Xe-ß-fnep ZuXy-ß-fmWv hni-zo-i-cn- p- -Xv. ka-ho- -W-kp-hn-tij-ß-fn Cu aq p-x-e-߃ hy -am-wv

10 1. ""F m `qan-bn ]m]-߃ an- m a\p-jy-]p-{x\v A[n-Im-c-ap-s v \n߃ Adn-tb- -Xn-\v...'' (a t m 2:10). ""a\p-jy-]p-{x '' ChnsS tbip-hns c m-ic ZuXysØ kqnn- n- p kw -bm-wv. ]m]w an- pi anin-lm-bpss, c - Is [ Ω-am-Wv. ""...- a\pjy]p-{x km_-øns AXn-\m-Y- \mwv'' (a t m. 2:28). sszh-øns A[n-Imcw D -h-\mwv tbip F mwv kqn-\. api-fn D -cn `mkøpw Cu Bib-ap- v. 2. c m-asø Xew kl-\-hp-ambn _ -s - -Xm-Wv. ]oumk-l-\hpw D m-\hpw {]h-nn- p-tºmƒ "a\p-jy-]p-{x ' F kw -bmwv tbip D]-tbm-Kn- p- -Xv. ""a\p-jy-]p-{x hfsc-tbsd kln- p-i-bpw...'' (a t m 8:31; 9:31; 10:33). 3. bpkm- y-kw-_- -amwv aq m-a-tø-xv. ""a\p-jy-]p-{x i nbpss he-xp-`m-køv D]-hn-jvS-\m-bn-cn- p- Xpw hm\-ta- L-ß-fn hcp- Xpw \n߃ ImWpw...'' (a t m 14:62). hn[nbm-f-\mb sszh-øns A[n-Im-c-amWv CXp kqnn- n- p- -Xv. At mƒ sszh-øns A[n-Imcw Xs -bmwv tbip-hn\pw F w. tbml- s kphn-ti-j-øn Cu kw -bpss {]tbm-k- Øn\v ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb hyxym-k-an-. {InkvXphpw sszh-]p- {X-\p-amb tbip a\p-jy-]p-{x-\p-am-wv. \Ym-\-tb tbip-hns\ ""d n, sszh-]p-{x, C{km-tb-ens cmpmhv'' Fs mw A`nkw-t_m-[\ snøp- p-s - nepw tbip "a\p-jy-]p-{x ' F mwv kzbw hnti-jn- n- p- Xv (1:51). kl-\-hp-ambn _ - s -SpØn tbml- m CXv D]-tbm-Kn- p p (3:14; 8:28; 12:32). hn[n-bp-ambn _ -s -Sp-Øn-bmWv tbml- m CXv IqSp-X D]-tbm-Kn- p- Xv (5:25f). c -I, sszhsø shfn-s -Sp-Øp- -h, {InkvXp, sszh- ]p-{x, C{km-tb-ens cmpm-hv, hn[n-bm-f-\mb sszh-øns A[n-Imcn XpS-ßnb F m kw -I-fn-ep-ap ktµ-i-߃ ""a\p-jy '' F hm n kphn-ti-j-i HXp- p-tºmƒ ""a\pjyxzw'' sszhn-i-x-bpss shfn-]m-sn-\p am[y-a-ambn \ Is SpI-bm-Wv. ]g-b-\n-b-a-ønepw ss n-fn\p ]pd-øp {KŸ-ß-fnepw kam- -c-{]-tbm-k-߃ txsp-tºmƒ Cu {]tbmkw {]Xy- - s -Sp Zm\n 7:13 BWv ASn-ÿm-\-`m-Kw. kz o-b-amb ]p mkvxn-xzw, kln- p P\-ß-fpsS {]Xn-\n-[n, al-øz- Øn-te v \bn- -s v k m-[n-im-c-ß-fp-ssbpw DS-a-bm-I F o Bi-b-߃ Zm\n-tb-ens 7 mw A ym-b-ønse At m- -en-]v niv hnh-c-w-øns {][m\ ktµ-i-am-wv. CXp-X-s bmwv "a\p-jy-]p-{x ' F v kphn-ti-j-ß-fn D]-tbm-Kn- ptºmgpw A w. Jpwdm kaq-l-øns cn-\-i-fn-epw, Gt\m- ns ]pkvx- I-Ønepw Cu kw -bpss {]tbmkw ImWp- p. c -Is ZuXyhpambn _ -s -Sp-Øn-bmWv "a\p-jy-]p-{x ' D]-tbm-Kn- n-cn- p- -Xv. tbip an -hmdpw Zm\n 7 ]p\ hym-jym\w snbvxv Xs ZuXy-Øns A w Ah-X-cn- n- n-cn- -Ww. "{InkvXp'hpambn _ -s a v ]g-b-\n-ba `mk-ßfpw CtXmSp _ -s -SpØn a\- n-em- n-bn-cn- -Ww. DZm: k o 110; Gi 53. Aßs\ `qan-bn tbip-hns A[n-Imcw, kl\w, bpkm- y-hn[n F o aq v hnj-b-ßfpw AtXmSp _ -s tbip-hns A\-\y-Xbpw shfn-s -Sp-Øm ""a\p-jy-]p-{x '' F kw klm-bn- p. tum. txmakv sim pitcm v 18 19

11 t m v kzbw Id-ßn-Øp-S-ßp- -txmss \n Ωm-Xm-hns tpmen Ah-km-\n- p- -Xp-t]m-seb krjvsni Ωw ]q Øn-bm- nb sszh-øns Ah-ÿ. Ncn-{X-Øns \n Æm-bI aplq Ø-ßfn-se mw sszhw t\cn- n-s-s]-sp- p. C{km-tb-ens sxsc-s -Sp pw ]cn-]m-e-\hpw Cu CS-s]-S-ep-IfpsS Ombm-Nn-{X-ß-fm-Wv. Ime-Øns \nt m- - X-ß-fn IÆo hm Ø-t mgpw sszh-øns kz w P\w Hcp c -Is\ ImØn-cp- p. ]g-b-\nba P\X {]Xo- n- n-cp A`n-jn- -\mwv Ime- Øns ]q Æ-X-bn Ah-Xo Æ-\mb \{k-ønse tbip. ]g-b-\n-ba {]Xo- -I-fpsS km m-xvim-cambn tbip-hns\ Ah-X-cn- n- p-i-bmwv Cu tej- \-Øn sszh-øns CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ 02 tbip-hns P\\-Øn\v \q m- p-iƒ papºp- Xs a\p-jy-n-cn-{x-øn sszhw kpo-h-\m-bn-cp- p. a\p-jy-cp-ambn DS-ºSn H p-h-bv p sszhhmkvzm-\-ß-fpss ]q Øo-I-c-W-amb {InkvXp sø-bmwv ] -{KŸn ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øp- -Xv (Dev] 9 10; 15 17; 26:5; 28:12ff ; 35:9 12; ]pd 6:2 8; 19 34). DS-ºSn H p-h-bv p- -h Xpey-\n-c-bn-ep- -h-cm-h-w-sa- -Xm-bn-cp pn w.- ]-c-tam- -X-\mb sszh-k- ev]w h p-]p-e Øn-bn-cp C{kmtb m v Cßs\-sbmcp DS-º-Sn-sb- n Nn n- mt\ km[y-a- m-bn-cp-s - nepw, ko\mbv DS-º-Sn-bn sszhw Hcp a\p-jy-s\- -Xp-t]mse s]cp-am-dp- Xp \mw ImWp p (]pd 19 34). ]c-kv]cw AwKo-Icn- p-sim- p Hcp DS-ºSn ]{Xn-I- m-bn- mwv bmlvth ap ssi-sb-sp- p- -Xv. C{km-tb-ens\ Xs koa- -]p-{x-\mbn A`n-kw-t_m-[\ snøp-tºmƒ (]pd 4:22) bmlvth Xs ]nxr-ÿm\w shfn-s - Sp-Øp- p. Ahn-Sp v Ahs\ acp-`q-an-bn, Hmcn-bn-Sp awem-c-wy-øn Is Øn; Ahs\ hmcn- p-w p; Xmev]-cy- ]q w ]cn-n-cn v Xs IÆn-ep-Æn-bmbn kq n p (\n-bam 32:10) F v ]d-bp-tºmgpw h -e-\mb Hcp ]nxm-hns Nn{XamWv A\m-hr-X-am-Ip- -Xv. C{km-tb inip-hm-bn-cp- -t mƒ Rm\-hs\ kvt\ln p; CuPn-]vXn \n v Rm Fs ais\ hnfn p (tlmkn 11:1) sh pw, Rm C{km-tb-en\p ]nxmhmwv; F{^mbnw Fs BZy-Pm-X\pw (spd 31:9) F pw {]hm- N-I- m-cn-eqss sszhw kwkm-cn- p-tºmƒ hns-cp Nn{Xw h - e-\n-[n-bmb Hcp ]nxm-hn-t -Xp-X-s. imco-cn-i-amb ]nxr-xzsø- m-fp-]cn, sszh-øns kzx-{ -amb Xnc-s -Sp- n \n- p- -hn- p ]nxr-xz-am-wnhnss hnh-. C{km-tb-ey sszhsø XßfpsS ]nxm-hmbn Icp-Xn-bn-cp- -Xn\v sxfn-hp- Iƒ thsd-bp-ap v (DZm: Gi 64:7; txm_nxv 13:3). c -bp-ambn _ -s -Sp-Øn-bmWv Giø (63:16) sszh-øns ]nxrxzw t\m n- m-wp- -Xv. bmlvthbpw C{km-tb-ep-am-bp KmV-_ w tzymxn- n- p as mcp {]XoIw hnhm-l-_- -amwv A\p-k-c-W-an- mø ai-\mbpw Ahn-iz-kvX-bmb `mcy-bmbpw spd-anb C{km-tbens\ hnti-jn- n- p p (63:19 22). am\p-jni _ -ß-fpsS G hpw Xo{h-amb {]I-S-\amWv hnhm-l-_ (cf Dev] 2:24) sa n, Imam- bpw Ahn-iz-kvX-bp-amb Hcp `mcy-bm-bn- mwv tlmknb (1:1 3:5) C{kmtb ens\ Nn{Xo-I-cn- p- Xv Rms\s {]nb-t -Xm-Wv, Fs {]nb Ft Xp sa v DØa-KoXw (6:3) ]d-bp-tºmƒ sszhhpw C{km-tbepw XΩn-ep _ -Øns Xo{hX \ap v {Kln- m-\m-ipw

12 A w \jvs-s ]gb DS-º-Sn p ]Icw lrz-b-øn Fgp-X-s ]pxnb DS-º-Sn-sb- p-dn- p spd-an-bm-bpss {]h- N\w (31:33) a\p-jym-h-xm-c-c-l-ky-hp-ambn kkmvw _ -s - n-cn- p- p. taen \nb-a-߃ shfn-bn \n v ASn-t -ev]n- ncn- p- -Xm-hn-s - pw, AXv lrb-ß-fn \n v D±o-]n- p-sa pw ]d-bp-tºmƒ a\p-jy-lr-z-b-ß-fn-te v Cd-ßn-h-kn- p bmlvthbpss Nn{X-amWv spd-anb ] p-h-bv p- -Xv. DS-º-Snbnse Hcp I n-bmtbm, Hcp ai-\mtbm h[p-hmtbm am{x-a-, sszhm-cq-]n-bm \nth-in-x-\mb Hcp ]pxnb a\p-jy-\m-bmwv Fsk- n-tb {]hm-n-i (36:26 27) C{km-tb-ens\ ImWp- -Xv. C{km-tb-ens {]Xo hnip- n-bn Xs Bcm-[n- p- -Xn-\mbn Hcp P\-Xsb bmlvth ]cn-]m-en- p-t]m- p. Cu P\-X-bpsS Ncn{Xw apgp-h sszh-øns a\p-jym-h-xm-c-øn-\p Hcp- -am-bn-cp- p. Cu {]Xo- -I-sf mw k^-e-am-hp- Xv sszhw a\p-jy-tcm-sp-iqss IqSm-c-a-Sn- p-tºm-gmwví(tbml 1:14). ]q Ime-ß-fn {]hm- N-I m hgn hnhn[ L -ß-fnepw hnhn[ coxnifnepw ]nxm- - m-tcmsv kwkm-cn sszhw Ah-km-\-\m-fp-I-fn Xs ]p{x hgn \tωmsp kwkm-cn- n-cn- p p sh mwv sl{_mb tej-i (1:1 2) a\p-jym-h-xm-c-sø- p-dn v ]d-bp- -Xv. 1. DS-º-Sn-bn hncn-bp {]Xo Pe-{]-f-b-Øn-\p-tijw t\ml-bp-ambpw (Dev] 9-10) ]n osv ]nxm-hmb A{_m-lhpambpw (Dev] 15 17) sszhw DS-º-Sn-Iƒ D m- p- p. a\p-jy-ip-e-øn-\m-i-am\w A\p-{Klw \evip- - Xm-bn-cp p A{_m-l-hp-am-bp DS-ºSn (Dev] 12:3). Cu sszh- -a-\p-jy-iq- m-bva-bpss imiz-x-{]-xo-i-am-bn-cp p ]cn-t -Z\w (Dev] 17:11). ]n osv Ck-lm v (Dev] 26:25), bmt m_v (Dev] 28:11; 35:9 12) F n-h-cp-ambpw sszhw DS-º-Sn-bp- m- p- p- v. F m C{km-tb P\-Xbv v A\-\y-t{i-jvTX \evin-bxv ko\mbv DS-º-Sn-bmWv (]pd 19 34). AtXmsS Ah DS-º-SnbpsS P\w (people of the covenant) F -dn-b-s -Sm XpS-ßn. \myms {]h-n\w (2 kmap 7) C{km-tb-ens {]Xo- - Iƒ v Hcp ]pxnb am\w \evip- p. Zmho-Zns knwlm-k\w F pw \ne-\n-ev p-sa (2 kmap 7:16) {]h-n-\w, aninlm Zmho- Zns tkm{x-øn ]nd- p-sa hnizm-k-øn\v B w-iq- n. t_xvse-tlw F{^m-Øm, bqzm-`-h-\-ß-fn \o sndp-xm-sw- nepw C{km-tb-ens\ `cn-t - -h \n n \n p ]pd-s -Spsa an m-bpss {]h-n-\hpw (5:2) Gi-øm-bp-sSbpw (11:1) spdan-bm-bp-ssbpw (23:5) {]h-n-\-ß-fpw, aninlm Zmho-Zns tkm{x- Øn \n- m-sw hnizm-k-øn\v ASn-h-c-bn- p. sszhw \tωm- Sp-IqsS- C-Ωm-\p-th - -F- mwv H mw Giøm (7:11) CXns\ hnti-jn- n- -Xv. Npcp- -Øn DS-º-Sn-I-fn-eqsS hncnbp {]Xo- -I-fpsS ]cn-k-am-]vxn-bmwv tbip-hn kw`-hn- p-i. ]q ÆssZ-hhpw ]q Æ-a-\p-jy-\p-am-bp ]cn-]q Æ-k-am-K-aw- -D-S-º- Sn- -tb-ip-hns hy n-xz-øn \ap v ImWmw. 2. bmlvthbpss kln- p Zmk c mw Gi-øm-bpsS {]h-n-\-ß-fn G hpw {it bw kln- p Zmk-s - -F-s_-Zv- -bmlvth -Io Ø-\-ß-fmWv (G-iøm 42:1 7; 49:1 7; 50:4 9; 52:13-53:12). H mw Io Ø-\-Øn sszh- Øns {]oxn-]m-{x-amb Zmks\ Nn{Xo-I-cn- n-cn- p- p. sszhmcq-]n-bn \nd v Gh pw \oxn\evip-i-bmwv Ahs ZuXyw. sszh-zm-k C{km-tb-ep-ambn Xs -Øs kmzr-iys -Sp-Øp- p. Zmks ]cn-]q Æ \njvi-f- -X-bmWp aq mw Io Ø-\-Øns {]ta-bw. \memw Io Ø-\-Øn-emWv tbiphns kl-\-ß-sf- p-dn v hy -ambn hnh-cn- n- p- Xv (Gi 52:12 53:13). 3. a\p-jy-]p-{x CXm tal-ß-fn a\p-jy-]p-{x-s\-t mse Hcp-h hcp p... F m P\-X-Ifpw P\-]-Z-ßfpw `mj- mcpw Ah-s\ tkhn-t - -Xn\v B[n-]-Xyhpw al-xzhpw cmp-xzhpw Ah\p \evin. Ahs B[n-]Xyw imiz-x-am-wv, AsXm-cn- epw C m-xm-hp- I-bn-. Ahs cmpxzw A\-iz-c-amWv (Zm\n 7:13 14) F Z i\w, bpkm-t ym- p-jhpw cmp-io-b-hp-amb sszh-cm-py-bm- Ym y-øn-te v hnc Nq- p- p. a\p-jy-]p-{x F kw tbip X-\n- p-th n D]-tbm-Kn- p- ps - n-epw, CXns\- mƒ, kl-\-zm-k\m (F-s_Zv bmlvth) bmwv tbip kzbw Nn{Xo-I-cn- p- Xv (a t m 8:31; 9:31; 10:33). 4. c -I, cmpm-hv, ]ptcm-ln-x Zmho-Zns tkm{x-øn ]nd- p cmpm-hmwv aninlm (

13 kmap 7:12 16; spsd 23:5; Gi 11:1; k o 89:4). awk-f-hm Øbnepw amemj Cu kqn\ \evip- p- v (eq m 1:32 33). bqzmbpss `h-\-øn \n v snt m Hgn-bn-s - p bmt m- _ns A\p-{K-lhpw (Dev] 49:9 10). bmt m-_n \n v Hcp \ {Xw DZn- pw, C{km-tb-en \n v Hcp snt m-ep-bcpw F _mem-ans {]h-n-\hpw (kwjy 24:17) cmp-iob aninlm-sb- - n-bp {]Xo- -Iƒ DW Øp- p. k o Ø-\-ßfnepw Cu kqn-\-iƒ ImWmw (DZm. 2:89; 109). tbip, {InkvXp hmsw v ]t{xmkv G p-]-d-bp-tºmƒ (aøm 16:16), Ah X-s -bmwv C{km-tb {]Xo- n- n-cp aninlmsb v hy w. FΩm-hqkv kw`-h-ønepw (eq m 24:25þ27) ]n osv injy-k-w-øn\p {]Xy- -s - -t mgpw (eq m 24:44 46) tami-bpss \nb-a-ønepw {]hm-n-i-{k-ÿ-ß-fnepw k o Ø-\-ß-fnepw Fs - p-dn v Fgp-X-s - n-cn- p- -sx mw ]q Øn-bm-tI- n-bn-cn- p p F v tbip ]d-bp- p. 5. A{]-am-WnI{KŸ-ß-en ]g-b-\n-b-a-{k-ÿ-øn-se- -t]mse A-{]-am-Wn-I-{K-Ÿ-ß-fnepw (F-t\m- v, Fkvt{Zm-kv) anin-lm-sb- p-dn v {]Xn-]m-Zn- p- p- v. Jp{am k-aqlw (Qumran Communitty) Hcp cmp-an-in-lmsbbpw ]ptcm-ln-x-an-in-lm-sbbpw {]Xo- n- n-cp- p. cmjv{sob-hn-tam-n-i-\mb Hcp anin-lmsb ImØn-cp- -hcpw Ip-dh- mbn-cp- p (eq m 24:21). Fhn-sS-\n- mwv aninlm hcp- sx Imcyw Bcpw Adn-bn-s hnizmkw (tbml 7:27) \nkq- U-am-sbmcp aninlmk -ev]-am-wv. {]h-n-\-߃ ]q -Øo-I-cn- -s -Sp p \nb-a-søtbm {]hm-n-i- m-sctbm Akm-[p-hm- m-\-, ]q Øn-bm- m-\mwv Rm h Xv (aøm 5:17) F hn\w {]h-n-\-ß-fpss ]q Øo-I-c-W-am-Wv tbipsh p hy -am- p- p. hn. ]t{xm-kn-t\m-ssm w (1 ]t{xm 1:10 12) Xmsg- h-cp hmiy-ßfpw Cu ]q Øo-I-c-W- bm-ym yw hnfn-t m-xp- p. a t m 14:61 62; 13:28; aøm 1:22; 2: ; 4:14; 8:17; 12:17; 13:15; 26:54.56; 27;7 10; eq m 4:21; 24:44; \S 1:16; 3:18; 13:27; tbml 12:38; 13:18; 15:25; 19: ]g-b- -\n-b-a-{]-h-n-\-ß-sf mw ]pxn-b-\n-b-a- Øn ]q -Øo-I-cn- -s -Sp p; AYhm ]pxn-b-\n-ba ] m-øe-øn-emwv ]g-b-\n-b-a-øn\v A -]q ÆX ssih-cp- -Xv. k`m-]-t-\-ß-fnepw ta ]-d A`n-{]mbw i n-bmbn \negn- p- p- v. ]pxnb\n-b-a-øn-emwv ]g-b-\n-ba ]q ÆX (N.D.253) sb v c mwhøn- m Iu kn (D.V. 16) ]Tn- n- p- p. ss{ikvx-h b-lqz kwhm-z-øn-\m-bp s]m n-^n- Iu kn-ens tcj-i-fnepw (N.D.263) ]g-b- -]p-xnb \nba _ -Øn\v ASn-h-c-bn-Sp- p- v. ]g-b-\n-b-a-p-\x {]Xo- n- ncp ]ptcm-ln-x- -{]-hm-n-i- -cm-p-iob anin-lm-bmwv tbip-sh v km -{Xn-I-th-tZm-]-tZiw (Catechism of the Catholic Church) ]Tn- n- p p (Nos. 431 & 436). D]-kw-lmcw ]g-b-\n-b-a-imew apgp-h Hcp ]cn-wm-a-{]-{io-b-bm-bncp- p-sh p ]d-bmw. tbip-hn-emwv AsX-Øn-\n-ev p- -Xv. k -tem-i-øn\pw {]Im-ihpw c bp-ambn tbip Ncn-{X-Øn- \p \Sp-hn \ne-sim- p- p. k`-bn-eqss tbip-h-n-\-߃ \ndth-dp-i-bm-wn- v. sszhn-i-]- -Xn-Iƒ Imem-Im-e-ß-fn \nd-thdp- -Xns `mk-am-wn-sx- mw. amdmø hm n-\p-s-a-bm-b-h a\pjy-n-cn-{x-øn \S-Ønb CS-s]-S-ep-I-sfm pw \ap p Ncn-{Xam-bn- q-sm. A\p-Zn-\-Po-hn-X-Ønse X\n-a-bm A\p-`-h-ßfn sszhni CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ \mapw kz -am- -Ww. lrzbw Xpd- p-i-bmwv CXn-\p t]mwhgn. Poh-\p sszh-øns henb ] -Xn-Iƒs mw {]tbm-p-i \mwxs -bm-w-t m. (tpmk^v amcmw-]-d-ºn ) 24 25

14 03 {InkvXp cl-ky-߃ Hcp ]T\w AZr-iy-\mb sszh-øns Zriy-amb Ah-Xmc-amWv tbip-{in-kvxp. Ncn-{X-Øn sszh-øns km n-[y-amwv Ahn-Sp- v. sszh-øns kpx-\mb Ahn-Sp v ]q Æ a\p-jy-\m-wv, sszh-hp-am-wv. sszhw Bcm-sW p shfn-s -Sp-Ønb tbip, a\pjy F m-bn-cn- -W-sa v kzpo-hn-x-øn-eqss ImWn- p-x tbip, sszh-øn-s bpw a\p-jys bpw ]q Æ cq]-am-wv. sszhw Bcv? a\p-jy Bcv? F o tnmzy-ß-fpss ]q Æ-amb DØcw tbip-x-s. sszhn-i-x-bn-te p hf-tc am\-hn-i-x-sb- pdn v tbip-{inkvxp ]Tn- n p; kz w Pohn-X- Øn-eqsS ImWn- p-x- p. Alw shsn v ]tcm- p-j-ambn Pohn-t - -Xns Bh-iy-IX Pohn-X- Øn-eqsS Ahn-Sp p hy -am- n. Cu tbip-{inkvxp-hns\ ssihiwh m, Ahn-Sp-tØ v ]nsnsim-sp-øm as m pw ssih-iw-h- p-iq-ss p ITn\ `bhpw \mw ]qpn- p ]expw ssihn- pt]m-ip-sa- p Bi- bpw tbip-hns\ Dƒs m- p- -Xn \n pw ]n Xp-S-cp- -Xn \n pw \sω hnap-j-cm- p- p. \sω kvt\ln- p- -h a\p-jy-]p-{x-\mb \sω sszh-]p- {X-cm- p- -Xn-\p-th n \Ωn-te v Cdßn t{ijvt-amb a\p-jy- Z i\w ImgvN-h- p. Ncn-{X-Øn Ah-Xo Æ-\mb tbip-{inkvxp-hns\ a\p-jym-h-xm-c-øn-\p-ap-ºp Ah-ÿ, I\y-I-bn \n p P\-\w, ]c-ky-ip-{iq-jbv v If-sam-cp- p cwk-ßfmb tbip-hns m\-kv\m-\w, Ahn-SpsØ {]tem-`-\-߃ F o Pohn-X-c-l-ky-ß-fpsS sszh-im-kv{x-]-c-amb DƒImgvNbpw Ah \ap p \evip ktµ-ihpw Fs v Is - Øm-\p ]cn-{i-a-amwv Cu tej-\w. tbip-hns ]q m-ÿnxzw (pre existence) tbip-{in-kvxp-hns as m t]cn-t\bpwimƒ {]m[m-\ya ln- p- Xpw {it -b-hp-amb H mwv hn-\w. shfn-s -Sp-Ø-s F m sszhn-i-k-xy-ß-fp-tsbpw købpw kam-lm-c-hp-am-bn- mwv tbml- m kphn-ti-j-i hn-\sø ImWp- Xpw Ah-X-cn- n- p- -Xpw. krjvsn-bpss Bcw-`w-ap-Xse sszh-tøm-sp-iqss I Ω-\n-c-X-\m-bn-cp hn-\-øns ]q m-ÿnxzw tbml- m hy -am- p- p v (tbml 1,1:17,5 24). tbml- m X kphn-ti-j-øns Bap-J-`m-KØv (1,1-18) am{x-amwv tbip-hns\ hn\ (ho Logos) ambn Ah-X-cn- n- p- -Xv. hn\w F ]Zw Ncn-{X-]p-cp-j-\mb tbip-hn-\mbn D]- tbm-kn- p 1 tbml. 1,1 Dw shfn. 19,13 Dw tbml- ms Xs ]mc-º-cy-øn \n- p- -XmWv tbml. 1,1 Dw 1 tbml. 1,1 Dw tbip-hns ]q m-ÿnxzw FSp-Øp-]-d-bp- p. tbml. 1,1 ]q m-ÿn-xz-øn \n v Ncn-{X-Øn-ep Ah-Xm-c-tØbpw IqSn hy -am- p p (eq- m. 1,14). hn\w (Logos) F ]Z-Øns Dd-hn-S-sØ- p-dn- p KthjWw {Ko p-kw-kvim-c-øn-se-øn-\n-ev p- p. hnpm-xo-b-cmb tãmbniv XØz-Nn- -I- m hn\w sim v hnh- n- p- Xv Cu {]]- sø apgp-h Dƒs m- p, AXns\ `cn- p-ibpw \bn- p-ibpw snøp Hcp Znhy-ssN-X-\y-hn-ti-j-sa- m-wv. Cu Nn -bpss shfn- -Øn Nne \mem-asø kphn-ti-j-øns Bap-J-Øns m\-hm-z-]- m-øew hni-zo-i-cn- p- p. hfsc {i n p ]Tn- m {Ko p-kw-kv m-c-ønse hn\ sø p-dn- p Nn bpw tbml- ms Bap-J-Ønse ImgvN- mspw XΩn Imcy-amb A cw ImWmw. {Ko p XXzim

15 kv{x-øn hn\ sa Xv Cu Zriy-{]-]- -Øn-\m-[m-c-amb AXn-`u-XoI XXz-am-Wv. \nc- cw {]h Ø\ \nc-x-amb Hcp {Inbm-fl-I-i- n-bm-bn- mwv hn-\sø Ah I n-cp- -Xv. A msx tbml- m-s\-t]mse Ncn-{Xm-h-Xmcw snbvx hn-\- am-tbm, hn-\-øns shfn-s -Sp-Ø-s -S Ncn-{X-Ønse AZznXzob kw`h-amtbm ImWp- n-. Npcp- -Øn {Ko p XXz- Nn- -bn hn\w F Xv sszh-øn-\p as mcp \ma-am-wv. tbml- m-\m-i-s, Ncn-{X-Ønse AXp-ey-kw-`-h-ambn Ah- XmcwsNbvX, amwkw [cn hn-\-am-ip tbip-hn-s\- p-dn- mwv {]Xn-]m-Zn- p- Xv. ]q m-ÿn-xz-ønepw a\p-jym-h-xm-c- Ønepw hn-\hpw sszhhpw H m-sw- nepw, hn-\-amb sszhw amwkw [cn- -txmss Ncn-{X-]- m-ø-e-øn c m-wv. AXmbXv kz`m-h-øn ]nxmhpw hn-\hpw H m-sw- nepw, (tbml 10,50) hn-\-amb Cutim ]nxm-hn \n pw hyxy-kvx-\mb Hcp hy n-bm-wv. amwkw-[-cn v \ΩpsS CS-bn hkn hn-\ sø pdn- p tbml- ms Nn v \nzm-\-am-bn- p- Xv hnpm-xn-b-kw-kvimc-tø- mƒ ]gb\nb-a-ønse blq-z-]m-c-º-cy-am-sw v hni- I-e\w snbvxm \ap v a\- n-em-ipw. {]t_m-[-\-{k-ÿ-ßfmb kp`m-jn-x-߃ 8,22-30 Dw {]`m-j-i 1,1-10 Dw `mk-ßfn {]Xn-]m-Zn- p hn m-\-øns ]q m-ÿnxzw, hn m- \hpw krjvsnbpw XΩn-ep- _ w XpS-ßnb {]k- -Nn- - I-fmWv tbml- ms ëhn\íøn\v ] m-ø-ew. I Ømhv Xs F m krjvsn-i-fnepw BZy-tØ-Xmbn Fs krjvsn- p. `qan-bpss ASn-Ød Dd- n- -t mƒ hnz-kv \mb Hcp ]Wn- m-cs\-t mse Rm Ahn-SpsØ Acn-In-ep- m-bn-cp p F {]`mjis hm p-i-fn (8, 22: 29 30) m\-øns ]q m-ÿn- Xzhpw krjvsn-bn-ep `mk-`m-kn-xzhpw hy -am- p p. F nepw m\hpw hn-\hpw XΩn A -c-ap- v. m\sø HcnSØpw sszh-øns hn\w F p ]d-bp n-. ]q m-ÿn- Xz-ap-s - nepw hn m\w krjvsn- -s - -XmWv; hn\w krjvsnbn I Ω-\n-c-X-am-sW- nepw krjvsn- -s - -X-. ta ]d- -Xn-epap-]-cn-bmbn Dev]-Øn-]p-kvXIw 1 3 A[ymbß-fnse {]Xo-I-ßfpw {]tbm-k-ßfpw (B-Znbn, krjvsn, shfn- w, Poh, A -Im-c-Øn \n v {]Im-iw), ko\mbva-e-bnse sszh-km- n-[y-h Æ-\-bv p-]-tbm-kn- p {]tbm- K-ßfpw (Iq-Sm-cw, al-xzw) tbml- ms Bap-J-`m-KØp \mw ImWp- Xpw hy -am- p- Xv tbml- ms hn\ Øn\v B[mcw ]g-b-\n-b-a-]- m-ø-e-am-sw XmWv. a\p-jym-h-xmcw sszh-am-bn-cp hn\w amwk-am-bn-øo Xv \ΩpsS at[y IqSm-c-a-Sn- p. Cu hn-\-øn sszh-øns alxzw \mw Z in- p. hn-\-amb tbip-hns amwkw[cn-, a\p-jys CS-s]- S-ep-Iƒ H pw-iq-sm-sx, sszhw Xs ap ssi-f-sp- p-, Ahn- SpsØ AXy-]q -amb A\p-{K-l-Øns ^e-am-bn-cp- p. hm -Iy-tØbpw h y-x-tbbpw txmev]n v c m-i-c-]- -Xnbnse IYm-]m-{X-߃ P w sim p- -Xns IY-Iƒ hn. {KŸ- Øn-ep-S-\o-f-ap- v. Ck-lm- v, bmt m_v, kmap-h, kv\m]- I XpSßn B ]c-ºc \ofp- p. sszh-øns AXy-]q -amb CS-s]-S-en-eq-sS-bmWv tbiphns a\p-jym-h-xmcw. Zmho-Zns hwi-øn s tpmk-^pambn hnhm-l-\n- bw snø-s - n-cp I\y-Im-a-dnbw \nb-am- \p-krxw hnhm-l-hm-kvzm\w Ign- n-cp-s - nepw `mcym` Øm- - m-sc-t mse Ah kl-h-kn- m XpSßnbn-cp- n (a- Øm. 1,18; eq m 1,27 34). kv\m]-is P\\w sszh-øns ZqX kj-dn-bmsb Adn-bn AtX coxn-bn X-s -bmwv K{_o-tb Zq-X aw-k-e-hm Ø adn-bsø Adn-bn- Xv: sszh- Ir-]-\n-d- -htf kzkvxn, I Ømhv \nt m-sp-iq-ss... sszh-k- n-[n-bn \o Ir] Is -Øn-bn-cn- p- p. \o K `w-[-cn v Hcp ]p{xs\ {]k-hn- pw, \o Ah\v tbip F p t]cn-sww (eq m 1,28-31). a\p-jys CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ H pw IqSmsX sszhm-flmhns krjvsy- p-j-i- n-h-gn-bmwv I\y-Im-a-dn-b-Øn \n- p tbip-hns P\\w tbml- m 1,13- FSp-Øp-]-d-bp- -Xpt]m-se, Ah P\n- Xv c -Øn \nt m imco-cn-im-`n-em-j- Øn \nt m A, sszh-øn \n- s{x (1,13). BI-bm adnb-øn \n v P\n- p inip ]cn-ip- -\m-bn-cn- pw, sszh-]p- {X-\m-bn-cn- pw. sszh-]p-{x-\mb Ahn-Sp v ]q Æ-a-\p-jy-\m-Wv, sszh-am-wv. ]cn-ip- m-flm-hn-eqss tbip-hns I\y-Im-P-\\w (aøm 1,18) tbip F{]-Imcw sszh-]p-{x-\mbn `hn p F sx-sp-øp-im-wn- p- p. inip-hns sszhn-i-amb D -h-c-lkyw ZqX tpmk-^n\pw shfn-s -Sp-Øp p v (aøm 1,20-24). Zmho-Zns ]p{x-\mb tpmk^v, adn-bsø `mcy-bmbn kzoi-cn- m i n-t - m

16 Ahƒ Hcp ]p{xs\ {]k-hn- pw. \o Ah\v tbip F v t]cn- SWw (aøm 1,20 21). amem-j-bpss Cu hm p-i-fn-eqss, adnbsø `mcy-bmbn kzoi-cn p ho n-te p Iq n-s m- p-t]mbn hnhm-l-i Ω-߃ ]q Øn-bm- m\pw ]nd- m t]m-ip iniphns\ \ma-i-c-ww-snbvxv ]nxrxzw \nb-am-\p-krxw Gs - Sp- m-\p-amwv ChnsS Bh-iy-s -Sp- -Xv. tpmk-^ns ss\bmani ]nxr-xzw-hgn tbip Zmho-Zns ]p{x-\m-bn-øo p. aninlm Zmho-Zns ]p{x-\m-bn-øo p. aninlm Zmho-Zn s ]p{x-\mbn-cn- p-sa blq-z-hn-izm-khpw {]Xo- bpw (2 kmap 7; eq m 1, 32-33) ChnsS k^-e-am-ip- p. tpmk-^n-eqss Zmho-Zns ]p{x\pw ]cn-ip- m-flm-hn-eqss sszh-]p-{x-\p-amb tbip-hn-eqss sszhw Ncn-{X-Øn {]Xy- -s - p. sszhw \tωm-sp-iqss F -ap- - F-Ωm-\p-thembn, Zmho-Zns \K-c-amb bqzm-bnse t_xvse-slan BWv tbip-hns P\-\w. AK-Ãkv-ko-k-dns Iev]\ A\p-k-cn v, Zmho-Zns IpSpw-_-Ønepw hwiøn-epw-s] tpmk-^v, t]scgp-xn- m-\mbn Keo-en-bnse ] -W-amb \{k-øn \n v bqzbm-bnse s_xvse-sl-an K `n-wn-bmb `mcy adn-b-tøm-sp- IqsS FØn (eq m 2,1-5) temi-c- -I\v ]nd- p-ho-gm k{x- Øn ÿew e`n- n-. B n-s-b v e`n ktµiw ]p søm- n-en-emwv P\\w F p hy -am- p p. \tωm-sp-iq-sn-bp sszh-amb Ahn-Sp v I pw aæpw-sim v ]Wn-Xp-b Ønb k{x- Øn apdn-sb-spøp hkn- p k m-cn-b-. \ap- p-th n \tωm-ssm- m-im h -h, ]n - - -sim v s]mxn v ]p søm- n-bn In-S-Øn-bn-cn- p inip, F m P\-Øn-\pwth- n-bp kt m-j-øns kzzm Ø-bmWv. AXn h-c-ºp- I-fn- msx, D -h\pw C m-ø-h\pw F hyxym-k-an- msx, bqz-bm-bnse B n-s-b pw, ]uc-kvxy-tz-isø m\n- Iƒ pw F p-th ki-e pw-th- n-bp kt m-j-øns kzzm ØbmWv (eq m 2,10). kz -Øn \n- n-d-ßn-h a\p-jy-]p-{x\ msx Bcpw kz -cm-py-øn Ib-dn-bn- n F tbip-hns hm p-iƒ (tbml 3,13) \nxy-ambn kz -Øn-em-bn-cp GI-hy- n, sszhsø shfn-s -Sp-Øp GI-hy n Xm\m-sW- -Xn\p sxfn-hm-wv. sszh-amb Ahn-Sp v a\p-jy-\mbn Ah-X-cn- Xv F m P\-X-I-sfbpw sszho-i-x-bn-te v Db Øm th- nbmwv. CXmWv a\p-jym-h-xmcw F alm-kw-`-hw. tbip-hns m\kv\m\w tbip-hns cl-ky-po-hn-x-øn \n v ]c-ky-ip-{iq-jbv v If-sam-cp- p cwk-amwv m\-kv\m-\w. tbip-hn\v hgnsbmcp- m h kv\m]-i-tbm-l- m bqzm-bm-bnse acp-`q-anbn h p {]kw-kn p: am\-km- -c-s -Sp-hn ; kz -cmpyw kao- ]n- n-cn- p p (eq m 3,2). B -cn-i-po-hn-x-øn ASn-ÿm-\- ]-c-amb am w hcp-ømsx m\-kv\m-\w-t]m-ep ip n-i Ωß-fn apgp-i-cp-sx v At±lw ap -dn-bn p \evip- p. P\w Ahs ASp-sØØn ]m]-߃ G p-]-d v tpm ±m \Znbn h v Ah-\n \n v kv\m\w kzoi-cn p (eq m 3,6). tbml- m-\n \n v kv\m\w kzoi-cn- m-\mwv tbip Keoen-bn \n v tbm ±m-\n-te v h -Xv. sszh-]p-{x-\mb tbiphn\v hgn-sbm-cp- m h -h-\n \n v A\p-Xm-]-Øns PmRm- \-kv-\m\w kzoi-cn-t Bh-iy-ap- m-bn-cpt m? tbip BcmsW v Xncn- -dn kv\m]-i ]m]n-iƒ p \evi-s -Sp Pew-sIm p kv\m\w tbip kzoi-cn- m-xn-cn- m {ian- p- p. Rm \n n \n v kv\m\w kzoi-cn-t - n-bn-cn-s, \o Fs ASp-tØ v hcp- pthm F p tnmzn- p-sim v tbml- m tbip-hns\ XS p (eq m 3,14). kv\m]-is XS- - hm-z-߃s m pw snhn-sim-sp- msx tbip ]d p: Ct mƒ CXp kω-xn- pi: Aßs\ k -\o-xnbpw ]q Ønbm- pi \ap v DNn-X-amWv (eq m 3,15). c m-i-c-amb sszh- Xn-cp-a-\ v \nd-th- m tbml- m-\n \n p Xs kv\m\w Bh-iy-am-sW v tbip hy -am- p- p. Hcp sszhni Z i-\-tøm-ss-bmwv tbip-hns m\-kv\m- \-cwkw Ah-km-\n- p- -Xv. kv\m\-th-f-bn Ah {]m n- p-sim- n-cn- ptºmƒ kz w Xpd- -s - p. ]cn-ip- m-flmhv {]mhns cq]-øn Ah-s -ta Cd-ßn-h- p. kz -Øn \n v Hcp kzchpw D mbn: \o Fs {]nb-]p-{x ; \n n Rm {]km-zn- n-cn- p- p (eq m 3,21-22). sszh-]p-{x-s\ tbiphns hyxn-cn- X ]c-ky-ambn AwKo-I-cn- -s -Sp [\y-aplq Ø-am-Wn-Xv. ]c-ky-ip-{iq-j-bv mbn \ntbm-kn- -s -Sp tbip ]cn-ip mflmhn-\m A`n-jn- -\m-ip A\p-{K-lo-Xth-f-bm-bn-cp nxv. Cu m\-kv\m-\-øns AZzn-Xob {]m[m\yw A -kvtxm-e-{]-h Ø-\-ß-fn FSpØp ]dbp- p v; tbml- m {]kw-kn kv\m\-øn-\p-tijw Keo-en

17 bn Bcw-`n v bqz-bm-ap-gp-h\nepw kw`-hn- -Imcy߃ \n߃ v Adn-hp- -Xm-W-t m. \{km-b-\mb tbip-hns\ ]cnip mflmhn-\mepw i n-bmepw sszhw Fßs\ A`n-tjIw snbvxp-sh pw Ah F{]-Imcw \ {]h Øn- p-sim pw ]nim-nn-\m ]oun- n- s - hsc -kpj-s -Sp-Øn-s m pw Np pk- -cn- p-sh pw \n߃ v Adnbmw (A 10,37-38). AsX, ]cn-ip- m-flm-hn-\m A`n-jn- -\m-ip tbip sszh-]p-{x-\mb aninlm (c- -I ) Bbn ap{z-ip-ø-s Sp p. c m-i-c-amb ]cky-ip-{iq-j-bv v m\-kv\m-\hpw XpS p- mb kzi-co-c- {]-Jym-]-\hpw hgn tbip Hcp- -s p. tbip-hns {]tem-`-\߃ tbip-hns m\-kv\m-\hpw acp-`q-an-bnse ]co- -W-ßfpw ka-ho- W kphn-ti-j-ß-fn ]c-kv]cw _ n-x-am-wv. \mev]-xp-x-hw \o p-\n {]tem-`-\-߃ tbip-hn-\p- mbn F p-am-{xta a t mkv (1,12-13) ]cm-a in- p- p- q. aømbnbpw (4,1-11) eq mbpw (4, 1 13) {]tem-`-\-ß-fpss kz`mhw hni-z-am- p- p- v. aøm-bn-bpss ZrjvSn-bn acp-`q-an-bn \mev]xp cmhpw \mev]xp ]Iepw Nne-h-gn- -Xn-\p-tijw am{xamwv tbip -{]-tem-`n-x-\m-ip Xv. F m a t mkpw eq mbpw tcj-s -Sp-Øp- Xv tbip 40 Znh-khpw ]nim-nn-\m ]co-jn- -s v acp-`q-an-bn Ign- p-iqsn F m-wv. F mepw {]tem-`-\-ßsf hni-z-ambn ]d-bp aømbn eq m kphnti-j-ßfnse hni-zmw-i-߃ H pxs. m\-kv\m-\-th-f-bn tbip-hn Bh-kn ]cn-ip- m-flmhp-x-s -bmwv Ahn-SpsØ ]co- n- -s -Sm-\mbn acp-`q-an-bnte v B\-bn- p- Xv (aøm 4,1 eq m 4,1). ]c-ky-ip-{iq-jbv p-apºv sszh-øns Adn-thmsS kmøms `mk-øp-\n- p {]th-i-\-]-co- -bmwv {]tem-`-\-߃. AXn-eqsS a\p-jys kzm`m-hn-im-`n-em-j-ßsf XIn-Sw-a-dn- p-i-bm-bn-cp- n e yw. adn- v, m\-kv\m-\-th-f-bn {]Jym-]n- -s tbip-hns sszh-]p-{xxzw ]nimnv ]co W-hn-t[-b-am- p-i-bmwv. Ahn- Sp-sØ Znhy-ZuXyhpw c m-i-c-th-e-ifpw Ah-K-Wn- m-\p A`y -\-bm-bn-cp- p AXv. e`n AwKo-Im-c-ap-{Z, (ssz-h-]p- {X-ÿm-\w) {]I-S-am- m ]nimnv tbip-hns\ sh p-hn-fn- p- p. Bflm-hns i nbm - \nd tbip {]tem-`-\-ß-fpss Dd-hn-S-amb ss]im-nn-i-i- nsb t\cn-sp cwk-am-wn-xv. {]tem-`-\-øn Rßsf Dƒs -Sp-Ø-cptX (eq m 11,4) F v {]m n- m ]Tn- n tbip-xs ]c-ky-po-hn-x-imeøpw ]e-h w {]tem-`n-x-\m-bn- p- v. ]c-ky-ip-{iq-j-bpss Bcw- `-Ønepw XpS p Pohn-X-Ønepw D mb {]tem-`-\-߃ tbml- m Xs H mw tej-\-øn FSp-Øp-]-d-bpw-t]mse ss{ikvx-h-cpss Pohn-X-Ønepw {]I-S-am-Wv. PU-Øns Zpcmi, IÆp-I-fpsS Zpcm-i, Pohn-X-Øns Al (2,16) Chsbm pw ]nxm-hns X, temi-øn-s -Xm-Wv. ip{iq-j-bpss Bcw-`-Ønte D mb {]tem-`-\-ßsf tbip F{]-Imcw t\cn- p, AXn-Po-hn p F Xv \Ωp v ]mt-am-wv. {]tem-`-\-ßsf Ah-X-cn- n- -Xn-ep \ms-io-b-x-t m, AXn-i-tbm- nt m A, adn v Ah-bpsS A -cm -Øn-\mWv \mw {][m\yw Iev]n- p- -Xv. m\kv\m\thf-bn tbip-hn-s -ta Cd-ßn-h ]cnip- m-flmhv Ahn-SpsØ \bn- Xv acp-`q-an-bn-te- m-wv. ]gb C{km-tb CuPn-]vXnse ASn-a-Ø-Øn \n v tamnn-x-cmbn hmkvzm-\-`q-an-bn-te- p bm{x-bn acp-`q-an-bn-eqss Ae- p- \-S Xv 40 sim -am-bn-cp- t m (\n-ba 8,2). ]co- n- -s -Sm- \mbn C{km-tb-ens\ acp-`q-an-bn-te v B\-bn- Xv sszhw-xs -bm-wv. ]pxnb C{km-tbepw sszh-]p-{x-\p-amb tbiphpw ]q n-isc ]n Xp-S v CuPn-]vXn-seØn. Ct m-gnxm Ahsc-t mse acp-`q-an-bn FØn-bn-cn- p- p. ]gb C{km-tb P\-Xbv v sszh-tøm-sp Xß-fp-sS- hn-iz-kvxx sxfn-bn-t - n-bn-cp ÿe-amwv acp-`q-an. ]gb C{km-tb-en \n v hyxykvx-ambn sszh-tømsv hnizm-k-h- -\-Im- m-\p F m {]tem- `-\-ßfpw tbip-\m-y AXn-Po-hn- p- p. {]]- -tøbpw AXn-ep- -h-tbbpw krjvsn- - sszhw Xs Omb-bnepw kmzr-iy-øn-ep-amwv Ahs\ krjvsn- Xv. Xm krjvsn- -sx mw hfsc \ m-bn-cn- p- p-sh- p- sszhw I p (D-ev] 1,31). sszh-øns Iev]\ ewln a\p-jy sszh-\ntj[w {]I-S-am- n-bxv a\p-jy-\n-tj-[-øn-em-wv. BZw l mbn \n v AI p (D-ev]. 3, 12-13); Imtb Bt_-ens\ \njv cpww h[n p (D-ev] 4, 8 16): Xn -bpss i n-iƒ \ sb Iogvs -Sp-Øp- Xp I -t mƒ, a\p-jy Xs Ombbpw kmzriyhpw hni-e-am- p- -Xp-I- -t mƒ, `qap-jøp a\p-jys\ krjvsn- -Xn I Ømhv ]cn-x-]n- p. AXv Ahn-SpsØ lrz

18 bsø thz-\n- n p (Dev] 6,6). hn. {KŸ-Ønse G hpw thz- \m-p-\-i-amb hm p-i-fm-wn-h. \jvs-s -Sp-Ønb Ombbpw kmzr-iyhpw Fs v ImWn- p- X-cp-hm sszhw ho pw a\- m-bn. AZr-iy-\mb sszh-øns {]Xn-cq]w F m krjvsn-iƒ pw apºp BZy PmX-\p-amb (sim-tfm. 2, 15) tbip-{in-kvxp-hns a\p-jym-h-xm-c-øn-eqss Ahn-Sp- v, AXp km[n- p. ]q m-ÿn-xz-øn sszh-tøm-sp- IqSn Bbn-cp tbip-hn-eq-ss-bmwv kz -Ønepw `qan-bn-epap Zriyhpw AZriy-hp-amb F m hkvxp- fpw krjvsn- s - Xv (sim-tfm.2, 19) m\-kv\m-\-th-f-bn ]cn-ip- m-flmhn A`n-jn- -\mbn ap{z-ip-ø-s - p. XpS v I Ω-`q-an-bnte v Cdßpwapºv tbip-hn\p Xs sszh-]p-{xxzw sxfn-bn- m Ah-kcw e`n- p. BZn-am-Xm-]n-Xm- fpw ]gb C{kmtbepw {]tem-`-\-߃ v ASn-s - -t mƒ Xm Bcm-sW v Ah-t_m-[-ap- mb tbip\m-y F m {]tem-`-\-ß-tfbpw sszh-ln-xw B-cm v, AXn-em-{i-bn p Iogvs -Sp-Øn, Xm sszh-]p-{x-\m-sw p sxfn-bn- p. {]th-i-\-]-co- -bn \qdpi-x-am-\hpw tbmky-x-t\sn I Ω-`q-an-bn-te v Cd-ßn. PohnXw Hcp sh p-hn-fn-bm- n. Btcbpw am p-hm ]cn-{i-an- n-s - nepw, I p-ap- n-b-h-sc mw am\-km- -c-øn-eqss sszh-cm-py-ønse AwK-ß-fm-bn. ]pxp-bp-k-]n-d-hn v XpS w Ipdn- p. tbip-hns A`n-[m-\-߃ tbip-hns\ hntijn- n- p-hm-\mbn At\Iw A`n-[m-\-߃ (titles) ]pxn-b-\n-baw D]-tbm-Kn- p- p- v. HmkvI Iqƒam, s^ Un-\m v lm XpS-ßnb ]WvUn-X- m Cu A`n-[m- \ßsf \mep-hn-`m-k-ß-fmbn Xncn- n- p- v. 1. tbip-hns ]c-ky-po-hn-x-im-esø ZuXy-Øn\p {]m[m\yw \ Ip A`n-[m-\-߃: {]hm-n-i, Zmk, {][m-\-]p-tcmln-x... XpS-ßn-b-h. 2. tbip-hns C pw XpS-cp ZuXy-Øn\p {]m[m\yw \evip A`n-[m-\-߃: I Øm-hv, c -I... XpS-ßn-b-h. 3. tbip-hns ]p\-cm-k-a-\-ønse ZuXysØ kqnn- n- p A`n-[m-\-߃: aninlm, a\p-jy-]p-{x... XpS-ßn-b-h. 4. tbip-hns ]q m-kvxn-xzsø (Preexistence) kqnn- n- p A`n-[m-\-߃: hn-\w, sszh-]p-{x, sszhw. tbip F t]cv sszhw c n- p p F v A -ap btlm-jpa F lo{_p-]-z-øns {Ko p en]y- -c-w-amb tbkq F ]Z-Øn \n v D -hn- -XmWv * \{km-b-\m-b- Cutim a t m 1:24; 10:47 * Keo-en-b-\mb Cutim aøm 26:69 * ac- -Wn- m-c-\mb Cutim a t m 6:3 * tpmk-^ns ]p{x-\mb Cutim eq m 3:24; tbml 1:45; 6:42; X s ai aøm 13:55; adn-b-øns ]p{x a t m 6:3; cf aøm 13:55, XpS-ßnb hnti-j-w-ßfpw tbip-hn\v \ I-s - n-cn- p- p. ]pxnb \nb-a-ønse {InkvXp-im-kv{X-Øn Bcw-`w-ap-Xte ImWp Hcp kw -bmwv I Ømhvv (Lord). Cu ]Z-Øn\v s]mxpth Hcp hym]im -am-wp- Xv. ]g-b-\n-b-a-øn AXn\v A`n-jn kqn-\-bp- m-bn-cp p ZmhoZv cmpm-hns\ Dt±-in v I Ømhv (\m-y ) F ]Zw {]tbm-kn v ImWmw. AtX-k-abw sszh-\m-a-øn\p ]Icw CtX-]Zw ]g-b-\n-b-a- Øn D]-tbm-Kn p t]m p. sszh-øn\v Xs Xnc-s -Sp- s P\-X-bpsS taep B[n-]-Xy-amWv CXn {]I-S-am-bn-cp- -Xv. Cu {]txy-im -Øn-emWv ]pxn-b-\n-ba sszh-im-kv{x- Øn Cu ]Zw {InkvXp-hn-s\- n D]-tbm-Kn- n-cn- p- -Xv. D m- \m-\p-`-h-øns shfn- -Ønepw Xnc-s -Sp- -s P\-X-bp-sSta sszh-øn-\p A[n-Imcw al-xzo-ir-x-\mb {InkvXp-hn- \p-s pw Ahn-Sp- Xv {]tbm-kn- p- p-s pw hy -am-bn. Aßs\ BZy-Ime {InkvXp-im-kv{X-Øn I Ømhv F kw {InkvXp-hns sszhxzw hyrvpn- n- m-\p kphnti-j-]-z-am-bn-øo p. tbip-hns\ acn- -h-cn \n v Dbn n- p-i-hgn sszhw X\n v Xs P\-X-bp-sS-ta-ep- m-bn-cp A[n-Imcw tbiphn\v Gev]n psimsp-øp. tbip I Øm-hm- Ip p F hmiyw BZna hnizm-k-{]-jym-]-\-ß-fn {it b-amwv. BZn-a-k` sszh sa kw {InkvXp-hn-s\- n D]-tbm- Kn- pthm F -Xn-s\- p-dn v IqSp-X kwi-b-øn-\n-s-bp- v. CXns kqn-\-iƒ hn. ]utem-kns tej-\-ß-fn-ept m 34 35

19 F Xv ]WvUn-X-cpsS CS-bnse Hcp hnhmz{]iv\-am-wv. At±l-Øns tej-\-ß-fnse Nne-`m-K-߃ Cu hni-zo-i-c-wsø A\p-Iq-en- p- p-s - nepw (D-Zm. tdmam 9:5) Ah {InkvXp-hns ]nxm-hmb sszhsø Dt±-in- p- -Xmbpw hymjym-\n- m-hp- - Xm-Wv. simdo- y p {]Ya tej-\-øn ]utemkv {]tbm- Kn ]Y-߃ ÿnc-ambn At±lw Xs a p-te-j-\-ß-fnepw D]-tbm-Kn- n-cp- p-sh v Icp-Xmw. AhnsS sszhw F ]Zw ]nxm-hns kw m \ma-ambpw I Øm-sh ]Zw {InkvXphn-\p khn-tij ÿm\-am-bp-amwv At±lw {]tbm-kn- n-cp- -Xv. ]nxm-hmb GIssZhta \ap- p- p... tbip-{in-kvxp-hm- Ip GI-I Ømhpw (1 timdn 8:6). hn. tbml- ms IrXn- I-fn-em-I-s, sszhw F ]Zw {InkvXp-hns\ Dt±-in- p-x-s bmwv {]bp- -am-bn-cn- p- -Xv (tbml 1:1,18; 20:28). AXn-\p hni-zo-i-cww CX-t{X. ]pxn-b-\n-ba sszh-im-kv{x-øns Bcw- `w-ap-x a p-]e ]Z-ß-fn-eqsS {InkvXp-hns sszhxzw kqnn- n- -s - n-cp- p-sh- nepw sszh-sa kw {InkvXp-hns\ Dt±-in v {]tbm-kn- p-hm sszh-im-kv{x-hn-nn- \w Iptd- qsn ]ptcm-k-an-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. hnip tbml- m {InkvXp-hn-s\- n D]-tbm-Kn- p as mcp-]-z-amwv hn\w. {InkvXp-hn\v ]nxm-hn-t\m-ssm w \nxyambp- m-bncp AkvXn-XzsØ kqnn- n- p- -Xm-Wn-Xv (tbml 1:1,14; 1 tbml 1:1; shfn 19:13 ImWp-I). Cu ]Z-{]-tbm-K-Øn\pw Iqtd sszh-im-kv{x-hn-nn- \߃ \S-t - n-bn-cp- p. Bcw- `w-ap-xte CXv D]-tbm-Kn- n-cp- n-. ]g-b-\n-b-a-øn {Inbmfl-I-ambn kzbw-sh-fn-s -Sp-Øp sszh-sø-bmwv hn\w kqnn- n- n-cp- -Xv. sszh-{]-xy- -Øn\v sshb- ni kz`mhw \ In-bn-cp- Xv Nne kmln-xy -k-t -X-ß-fpsS klm-bm-ømem-bn-cp- p. sszh-øns Bflm-hn-jvImcw DZm-Øhpw A{]- Xo- n-x-hp-amb cq]-øn tbip-hn km m-xvir-x-am-sb v tbml- m {Kln- p. a Xy-\mbnØo sszh-kp-x ]nxmhn \n pw hyxn-cn- -\m-sw- nepw a\p-jym-h-xm-cw-hgn a\pjy p-th- n-bp ]nxm-hns ]cn-]q Æ-amb Bhn-jvIm-cam-bn-Øo p. A-ßs\ hn\w XnI pw ]pxn-sbm-c -Øn Ahn-Sp-tØbv v tbmpn- p. a\p-jym-h-xm-c-øn tbip-hn\v temi-øn-ep- m-bn-cp ZuXyhpw sszhn-im-h-ÿ-bnse Ahn- SpsØ kz`m-hhpw hni-zo-i-cn- p-hm CXnepw ]cym-]vxamb as m-cp-]zw e`n- p-am-bn-cp- n-. -a-\p-jym-h-xm-c-øn sszhw a\p-jy-t\msv D -cn hn-\-am-bn-øo p Ahn-Sp- v. Imc-Ww, Ahn-Sp v BZyw-ap-Xte ]nxm-hmb sszhw D -cn \nxy-h-n- \-am-bn-cp- p. ]pxn-b-\n-b-a-øn {InkvXp-hn-s\- n {]tbm-kn- p-hm XpSßn-b-tXmsS CΩm-\p-h (sszhw \tωm-sp-iqss) F ]Z- Øn\pw A`q-X-]q -am-sbmcp A w ssih- p (aøm 1:23 ImWp-I). tamibv v e`n shfn-]m-sns ka-bw-ap-x sszh- P-\sØ Dt±-in- p sszh-øns hntam-n-\hpw hnim-k-p-\- I-hp-amb km n yw C{km-tb P\-X-bpsS axm-fl-im-\p-`-h- Øns ti{µ-_n-µp-hm-bn-cp- p. Ime-Øns ]q Æ-X-bn Cu km n yw \nkq-v-amb coxn-bn ]q Æ-ambn km m-xvir-xam-ip-sa v {]hm-n-i- m Adn-bn- n-cp- p. tbip-{in-kvxp-hn-em- Is F m {]h-n-\-߃ pw {]Xo- -Iƒ pw AXo-X-ambn Cu km n yw bmym y-am-bn-øo p. Ahn-SpsØ hy n- Xz-c-lkyw C{km-tb m-cpss sszh-{]-tnm-znx {]Xo- - Iƒs mw AXo-X-am-bn-cp- p. AXp-eyhpw A\n h-n-\o-b-hpamb Hcp KmV-ku-lrZw krjvsn- p-sim v a\p-jy-\mb sszhkp-x a\p-jy-cpss at y {]Xy- -\mbn. tbip-hn sszhw, X\n pw a\p-jy pw CS-bn-ep A\- -Zqcw C m-xm- n, a\p-jysc Ah-cpsS \ne-bn-te v Cd-ßn-h- p-sim v A`n-ap- Jo-I-cn- p. IqSmsX, tbip-hns\ kqnn- n- p-hm-\mbn At\Iw kw -Iƒ ]pxn-b-\n-b-a-øn-ep-s-\ofw Is -Ømw. NphsS tn p ] n-i-bn \n v Ah-bpsS GI-tZ-i-cq]w e`n pw: 1. a\p-jy-]p-{x : 82 XhW (aømbn 30 Xh-W, a t mkv 14, eq m 25, tbml m 13) 2. Zmho-Zns ]p{x : (a t mkv 3, aømbn 10, eq m 4) 3. sszh-øns ]cn-ip- : (a t m 1:24; eq m 4:34; tbml 6:69; \S-]Sn 2:27; 13:35; 1 tbml 2:20; shfn 3:7; 16:5). 4. adn-b-øns ]p{x : (a t m 6:3; cf aøm 13:55) 5. {]hm-n-i : (a t m 6:14 16; 8:28; aøm 21:11; eq m 7:16; 24:19; tbml 6:14) 6. d n, d q-\n, Kpcp (a t mkv 12, aømbn 12, eq m 17, tbml- m 8) 7. sszh-øns Ip msv: (tbml 1:29,36; cf. \S-]Sn 8:32; 1 ]t{xm 1:19) 36 37