C ybn thcpd- n- p ^mkn-ãv kºzvhyhÿ

Transcription

1 \nco- Ww [ C-Xv A-k-ln-jv-Wp-X-bp-sS cq-]-øn-epw A-{I-a-Øn-s cq-]-øn-epw {]-Xn-^-en- mw [ t\m v \ntcm-[\w, Pn.-F-kv.Sn, \oxn BtbmKv C ybn thcpd- n- p ^mkn-ãv kºzvhyhÿ ^m-kn-ãv A[n-Imchyhÿ `-c-w-iq-s-øn-s km-º-øn-i\-bw \n -Æ-bn- p- -Xn Fß-s\-bmWv CS-s]-Sp- -sx pw tim -td- p-iƒ v AXv Fßs\ klm-bi-amip- p- F pw hni-zo-i-cn- p p Fkv. apl-ωzv C jmzv 2017 HIvtSm-_ 31\v Xriq kmln-xy A m-zan lmfn \S Fw.-F. hnp-b A\p-kva-cW {]`m-j-w-øn-\mbn Xøm-dm- nb {]_- w. ^m-kn-k-øn-s cm-jv-{so-bw F- m-wv F- v G-sd p-td a-\-kn-em- n-b H-cp k-aq-l-am-wv \-Ωp-tS- Xv. A-ß-s\ H-cp A-`n-{]m-b{]-I-S-\w \-S-Øp-tºmƒ kz-`m-hn-i-am-bpw D-b-cp- Nn-e tnm-zy-ßfp- v. {]- txy-in- v ^m-kn-k-øn-s cm-jv-{so-b-sø kq- va-ambn hn-e-bn-cp-øp- -Xn F-s - n-epw X-c-Øn-ep- ]m-fn- -Iƒ D- m-ip- p-t m F -Xn. ^m-kn-kw H- cp a-t\m-l-s-\ Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. hy- n-i-fn-ep- m- p am- -am-wv ]-e-t m-gpw k-aq-l-øn-s kz-`m-hw X-s \n -Æ-bn- p- -Xv. sf.-u-ªyq. sn -Wn-bp-sS "^m-knk-hpw P-\m-[n-]-Xy-hpw a-\p-jy-a-\- p-i-fn ' F- - ]p-kv-x-iw ^m-kn-ãv a-\- pw P-\m-[n-]-Xy- a\- pw X-Ωn-ep- hyxym-k-߃ N - sn-øp- p v. \-ap- n-xn-s\ c- p-x-cw am-\-kn-im-h-ÿiƒ F- co-xnbn hn-i-i-e-\w sn-øm I-gn-bpw. Cu c- v am-\- kn-im-h-ÿ-iƒ ti-h-e-sam-cp B-i-bw F- \n-e-bv- -, H-cp cm-jv-{so-b {]-{In-b F- \ne-bn-emwv hni-zo-i-cn-t - -Xv. sn -Wn-bp-sS A-`n-{]m-b-Øn ^mkn-kw `-b-an- m-ø-xpw i- -am-b-xp-am-b H-cp am-\- kn-im-h-ÿ-bm-wv {]-Xn-^-en- n- p- -Xv. C-Xv A-\pk-c-Ww, A- -S- w, D-d- Xo-cp-am-\w Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bm- Wv B-h-iy-s -Sp- -Xv. C-Xv A-k-ln-jv-Wp-X-bp-sS cq- ]-Øn-epw A-{I-a-Øn-s cq-]-øn-epw {]-Xn-^-en- mw. F- m P-\m-[n-]-Xy-a-\- n-s\ sn -Wn hn-tijn- n- -Xv ""democracy of the mind includes the freedom to experience anger, rage, and wishes of violence with full self acceptance and even pleasure as a natural right of healthy personalities and as a first line of natural strength for self defense to be mobilized and organised against emotional threats and attack'' F- m-wv. kq- v-a-amb H-cp hm-b-\-bn C-h c- pw c- px-cw A-[n-Im-c kz-`m-h-sø kq-nn- n- p- p. ^m-kn-ãv a-\- v A-Yhm am-\-kn-im-h-ÿ Ir-Xy-am-bn X-s H-cp ta-[m-hn- Xz-sØ A-Sn-ÿm-\-am- n-bm-wv cq-]-s -Sp- -Xv. C-Øcw A-[n-Im-cw `-c-w-iq-s-øn-s km-º-øn-i\-bw \n -Æ-bn- p- -Xn {]-[m-\ ]- ph-ln- p- p- F Xm-Wv C- -sø km-aq-ln-i{]-iv-\w. 05

2 [ ka-{km[n-]-xyw F- -Xv ^m-kn-ãv bp- n Iq-Sn-bm-Wv [ ^m-kn-kw ap-t m- v h-bv- p- B-[n-]- Xy-sØ A-Xn-s km-º-øn-i cm-jv-{so-b-øns A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn- hn-e-bn-cpøpi-bmwv C- v th- -Xv. ap kn.-]n.-fw. A-Jn-te- ym sk-{i- -dn {]-Im-iv Im-cm- v kw-l-]-cnhm cm-jv-{so-bw ^m-kn-k-øn-t -X- ]-I-cw k-a-{km-[n]xy kz-`m-h-ap- H-cp ]m - nbpts-xm-sw v ]-d- n-cp- p. ka-{km[n-]- Xyw F- -Xv ^m-kn-ãv bp- n Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. C- Ø-cw B-[n-]-Xy-߃ H-cp P-\m-[n-]-Xy kwhn-[m-\-øn-s `m-k-am-bn {]-h -Øn- ptºmƒ A-Xv Iq-Sp-X {]-I-S-am-Ip- -Xv ]- Wm-[n-]-Xy-Øn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. "aq-e-[-\'-øn-s 150 mw hm -jn-iw B-tLm-jn- p- H-cp Ime-L- -Øn ^m-kn-ãv cm-jv-{so-b-øn-s km- º-Øn-Ih-iw Iq-Sn, {]-txy-in- pw A-Xn-s B-[n-]-Xy kz-`m-hw IqSn N - sn-tø- n h-cp- -Xv H-cp X-c-Øn ssh- m-\n-i- cmjv-{so-b {]-Xn-k- n Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. ^m-kn-køn-s km-º-øn-i kn- m- w G-W-Ãv a-wv-tu F Nn -I H-cn- ^m-kn-k-sø Ip-dn- p hn-i-i-e-\- Øn ]-d- -Xv, ^m-kn-kw h-f-cm Im-c- W-am-b-Xv A-Xn-s F-Xn-cm-fn-Iƒ- v ^mkn-k-sø {]-Xn-tcm-[n- m-\p- im-kv-{xob- A-Sn-Ø-d C- m-ø-xpsim- piq-sn-bm-wv F m-wv. A-Xp-sIm- px-s -bm-wv A- ]q -Æ-hpw i-cn-ti-sp-i-fpw \n-d- Cu {]- Xy-b-im-kv-{Xw i- -am-bn ap-t -dn-b-xpw h -Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øn ]p-xn-b-cq-]-øn h- cp- -Xpw. ^m-kn-k-øn-s km-º-øn-i co-xn-imkv-{xw ap-x-em-fn-ø-øn-t -Xp Iq-Sn-bm-Wv F- v Xn-cn- -dn-bm I-gn-bm-Ø-XpsIm- m- Wv Im-cm- v C-Xv ti-h-ew k-a-{km-[n-]-xy {]- h-w-x-bm-bn am-{xw hn-e-bn-cp-øn-b-xv. ap-xem-fn-øtøm-sp- ]m -e-sa -dn C-SXp-]- -Øn-s k-ao-]-\w Iq-Sn-bm-Wv Imcm- ns hm p-i-fn {]-Xy -s -Sp- -Xv. B-[n-]-XytØm-sSm- w km-º-øn-im-[n-im-c-hpw D-d- n- p- {]-h-w-x-sb Ku-c-h-am-bn hn-e-bn-cp- Øm Im-cm- v th- -co-xn-bn {i-an- n- m-sb- v ]-d-bmw. ^m-kn-ãv ap-x-em-fn-øw \-Ωƒ s]-mxp-hn hn-e-bn-cp-øp-i-bpw A-\p-`-hn- p-i-bpw sn-øp- ap-x-em-fn-ø co-xn-bn \n- pw kz-x-{ -am-bn- m-wv cq-]-s -Sp- -Xpw \n-e-\n - p- -Xpw ^m-kn-k-øn-s km-º-øn-ico-xn-sb h -Ø-am-\-Im-e-sØ {]-txy-i-x-i-fp-ss A- Sn-ÿm-\-Øn Ku-c-h-am-bn X-s hn-e-bn-cptø- -Xp- v. C-Xv ap-t m- ph-bv- p- -Xv Ip- Ø-I ap-x-em-fn-ø-øn-s co-xn-im-kv-{xw X- s -bm-wv. F- m \n-e-\n - p- km-aqln-i-t_m-[-øn-\v D-]-cn-bm-bn ^m-kn-ãv aqe-[-\w h-f-cp- -Xv ]q -Æ-am-b `-c-w-iq-s ]n- p-w-tbmspiq-sn-bm-wv. A-Xm-b-Xv `-c-w-iq-s ap-x-em-fn-ø-am-wv ^m-kn-k-øn-s A-Snÿm-\w. C-Ø-cw `-c-w-iq-s ap-x-em-fn-øw tkm-jy-en-ãv hy-h-ÿn-xn-bn \n- v F-{XtØm-fw hy-xy-kv-x-am-wv F- pw hn-i-i-e-\w sn-tø -Xp v. ssn-\-bp-ss k-º-zv-l-s-\ C-Xn- \n- pw F-ß-s\ hy-xy-kv-x-am-bn F- tnm-zyw Dd- mbpw D-b-cmw. F- m ^mkn-ãv km-º-øn-iim-kv-{xw, `-c-w-iq-s-øns ta-[m-hn-xzw F- -Xv D-Xv-]m-Z-t\m]m-[n-Ifp-sS s]m-xp D-S-a-ÿ-X F- A - -Øn A- ]-I-cw D-S-a-ÿ-X hy- n-bn-epw hy- n `-c-w-iq-s-øn-s `m-k-hpw B-Ip- p F- -Xm-Wv. A-Ø-cw D-S-a-ÿ-X H-cp tkm-jyen-ãv co-xn-bn \n-e-\n - n-. C-hn-sS ap- X-em-fn-Øw B-[n-]-Xzw ÿm-]n- p- -Xv {]- Xn-tcm-[-ß-sf X-߃- v A-\p-Iq-e-am- n am- n-bpw sxm-gn-em-fn k-a-c-ß-sf C- m-xm- nbpw B-Wv. A-Xpaq-ew D- m-ip- km-º- Øn-I ap-c-sn- pw {]-Xn-k- n-bpw ap-x-em-fn- Ø-sØ i- n-s -Sp-Øp-I-bm-Wv sn-øp- - Xv. A-Xn-\v D-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv C-Ø-cw {]-Xnk- n-iƒ- n-s-bn-epw tim - -td- p-iƒ- v e-`n- p- km-º-øn-i C-f-hp-Iƒ. {^m- v-^ - v kv-iq-fn-se Nn- -I hn-i-ie-\w sn-bv-xxv `-c-w-iq-sw h-gn hn-i-kn- p- ap-x-em-fn-ø-am-wv ^m-kn-kw F- m-wv. `-c-w-iq-sw F- v ]-d-bp- -Xv B-[n-]-Xy kz-`m-hw D- `-c-w-iq-sw F v A - w. h -txm-xn C-f-hp-Iƒ \ -In tim -td- p-isf kw-c- n- p- \-bw Aw-Ko-I-cn- v `-c-w-iq-sw \n-e-\n - p-s m-cp cm-py-am-bn C- y am-dn- -gn- p. ]n.- km-bn-\m-yn-s I-W- v {]-Im-cw 36.6 {Sn- y -cq-]-bm-wv cm- Py-sØ tim - -td- p-iƒ C-Xp-h-sc ssi- em- n-b-xv. ]-en-i \n-c- n-ep- C-f-hp-Ifmbpw `q-an-bm-bpw H-s h -txm-xn s]m- Xp-]-Ww C- v Ip-ØI-I-fn-te- v H-gp-Ip- p v. C- y ^m-kn-ãv ap-x-em-fn-øw hn-ikn- p- -Xv C-Ø-c-Øn h - C-f-hp-Iƒ t\-sn-s m- px-s -bm-wv. hn-gn- w ]- - Xn X-s D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn F-Sp-Øm C-Xv a-\-kn-em-ipw. k - m-cn-s\- mƒ t\- w H-cp kz-im-cy I-º-\n-bv- v D- m-ip-i-bpw A-sXmsSm- w k - m s]m-xp-\n-ip-xn-bn \n- v HIvtSm-_ /\hw-_

3 [ "]-X-Rv-P-en' D - - -߃- v In- p- km-aq-ly ]-cn-k-w-\ C-Ø-c-Øn hn-e-bn-cp-øm-hp- -Xm-Wv [ IS- msv: arvppƒ, Un.-F.F h -Xp-I Nn-e-h-gn-t - n h-cp-i-bpw sn-øp- H-cp ]- -XnbmW-Xv. H-cp X-c-Øn ]-d- m, Cu ] -Xn v In- p- h -txm-xnep- P-\-]n- p-w-bm-wv Cu ]- -Xn- G-s - Sp- m kz-im-cyip-ø-i-iƒ X-øm-dm-Ip- - Xpw k - m k-lm-bw sn-øp- -Xpw. C-Xns\ X-s -bm-wv ^m-kn-ãv km-º-øn-i ho- -W-Øn `-c-w-iq-s kmº-øn-ihy-h-ÿbp-ss D-S-a-I-fm-bn Ip-Ø-I-Iƒ am-dp- p- F- v ]-d-bp- -Xpw. \n-tj-[n- -s -Sp- kzm-x-{ yw ^m-kn-kw F- m-øcw D-Zm-c-h - -c-wsø-bpw F-Xn - p- H- m-wv. km-º-øn- Icw-K-Øv F- m-ø-cw D-Zm-c-h - -c-w-øn- \pw ^m-kn-ãv km-º-øn-i im-kv-{xw F-Xncm-Wv. h-f-sc-tb-sd Nn- m- p-g- w D- m- p- H-cp hm-zw Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. Im-c-Ww ap-xem-fn-ø-sø- p-dn- p- H-cp s]m-xp-[m-c- W A-Xv D-Zm-co-I-c-W \n-b-a-߃ ]-c-am-h- [n {]-tbm-p-\-s -Sp-Øn ap-t -dp- H-cp ]- -Xn F- \n-e-bv- m-wv. F- m ^m-knk-øn-s km-º-øn-ico-xn-im-kv-{xw C-Øcw km-am-\y-bp- n-i-sf ]q -Æ-am-bpw \ntj-[n- p-i-bm-wv sn-øp- -Xv. hy- n-i-fpss sx-c-s -Sp- m-\p- kzm-x-{ y-a- a- dn- v D - - -Øn-s cm-jv-{so-baq-ey-øn-\v e-`n- p- {]-k- n-bm-wv AhnsS {]-[m- \w. "]-X-Rv-P-en' D - - -߃- v In- p- km-aq-ly ]-cn-k-w-\ C-Ø-c-Øn hn-e-bn-cp- Øm-hp- -Xm-Wv. Xp-d- hn-]-wn ap-x-em-fn- Ø kw-hn-[m-\-øn- G-sd kzo-im-cy-amb H mwv. F- m hn-]-wn D-]-t`m- m-hn-\v \ -Ip- C-Ø-cw kzm-x-{ y-߃ C- v \- jv-s-s -Sp- p F- v ]-d-bm I-gn-bpw. D-Xv-]- w Xn-c-s -Sp- p- -Xn hy- n-bp-ss D-]- t`m- -Xm -]-cyw am-{x-a- C v {]-h -Øn- p- -Xv. ]-I-cw tz-ikp-c- m F- B-i-b- Øn-\v In- p- ]n- p-wbpss {]-tbm-k-øn hn-]-wn H-cp hy- n- v \ -Ip- - sx-cs -Sp- m-\p- kzm-x-{ y-øn-s \n-tj-[- am-wv kw`-hn- p- -Xv. C-Xn-\v e-`n- p- P- \-]n- p-w ti-h-ew D hn-]-wn-bn am-{x-a- {]-Xn-^-en- p- -Xv. A-Xv k - m \-b-am-bn am-dp- p- v. A-Xn-\v Im-c-Ww, hn-]- Wn-bn-eq-sS cq-]-s -Sp- `-c-w-iq-sm-`n-ap-jyw {I-ta-W km-º-øn-ihy-h-ÿn-xn-bp-ss F- m ta-j-e-i-fn-te- pw hym-]n- p- p F - XmWv. _n.-sp.-]n. k - m Xp-S- -Øn X- s A-h-X-cn- n- -Xv i- -am-b H-cp `-c-w-iq- S-sa- {]-Xn-Om-b-bm-Wv. A-Xn-\p-]-tbm-Kn- - Xv tz-i-kp-c- -bm-bn-cp- p-sh- nepw A-Xneq-sS t\-sn-sb-sp- m {i-an- -Xpw {i-an- p- -Xpw km-º-øn-i-cw-k-sø tim - -td- v-h - 07

4 [ t\m- v \n-tcm-[-\-tøm-sp-iq-sn dn-k - v _m- n-s hn-th-n-\m[nim-cw d±psn-ø-s - p [ -c-w-am-wv. tim - -td- vh - -c-ww F- v ]-d-bp- Xv km-am-\ybp- n-bp-ss A-Sn-ÿm- \-Øn am-{xw hn-e-bn-cp-tø- -X-. ]-I-cw k - m {]-h -Øn- p- -Xv tim - -td- v \- b-ß-fp-ss A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-bn am-dp- p-sh- -Xm-Wv. C-Xn-\v G- -hpw X-S- -am-bn \n- ncp- -Xv B-kq-{X-W-h-Ip- m-bn-cp- p. Im-c- Ww B-kq-{Xn-X hn-i-k-\-øn-s B-h-iyw C- p-f-f-xv cm-py-sø ]n-t m- hn-`m-k-øn- \m-wv. B-tKm-fo-I-c-W- -ap-x-em-fn-ø -Im-e- Øpw B-kq-{Xn-X-hn-I-k-\w {]-k- -am-ip- -Xv A-Xv B-cp-sS B-h-iyw \n-d-th- p- p F- -Xn-s A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-Wv. F- m B-kq-{X-W I-Ωo-j-\v ]-I-cw k - m sim- p-h- \o-xn- B-tbm-Kv ]n p-w- p- Xv 1997 tem-i-_m- v A-h-cp-S dn-t m - n (State in a changing world) kq-nn- n- -Xpt]m-se kz-im-cyaq-e-[-\-sø kw-c- n- p- k-º-zv-hy-h-ÿn-xn-bn \n-e-\n- n-cp- c- v A-[n-Im-ctI-{µ-ß-fm-bn-cp- p [-\-a-{ m-e-b-hpw dn-k - v _m- pw. F- m t\m- v \n-tcm-[-\-tøm-sp-iq-sn dn-k - v _m- n-s hn-th-n-\m[nim-cw d±psn-ø-s - p. ]-I-cw {]-[m-\-a-{ n Im-cym-e-bw [-\-hn-\n-a-b-øn t\-cn- v C-S-s]-Sp- Io-gv-h-g- w D- m-ip-i-bpw sn-bv-xp. ho-ti-{µo-ir-x B-kq-{X-Ww \-S- n-em- -s -Sp- p-sh- v A-h-Im-i-ap- -bn- p- H-cp Im-e-L- -Øn-em-Wv C-Ø-cw ti-{µo-i-c-w-߃ D- m-ip- -Xv. HIvtSm-_ /\hw-_ -X-c-Øn `-c-w-iq-s-߃ am-d-w-sa- B- h-iy-sø-bm-wv. \o-xn- B-tbm-Kv A-h-cp-sS \-b-]-cn-]m-sn-iƒ B-Zyw Aw-K-ß-fp-sS t]- cn s]m-xpn - -bv- v h-bv- pibpw ]n- o-s- Xv ]- -Xn-tc-J-bm-bn am-dp-i-bpw sn-øp p. {]-txy-i sd-bn -th _-Uv-P- v A-\m-h-iy-am- Wv F- pw th- -Xv sd-bn -sh-bp-ss kz-imcy-h - -c-w-am-sw- -Xpw B-h-iy-s -Sp- H-cp ]T-\-tc-J \o-xn- B-tbm-Kv {]-kn- o-icn- n-cp- p. Xp-S - ph- km-º-øn-i h -j- Øn X-s C-Xv \-S- n-em- p-i-bpw sn-bv- Xp. ]n- o-sv \o-xn- B-tbm-Kn-s F- m {]- h -Ø-\-Øn-epw kz-im-cy-aq-e-[-\-sø kw-c- n- p-i F- \-b-am-wv Ah kzo-i-cn- - Xv se ti-{µ-_-uv-p- n \n- v ]- n- I-Pm-Xn- -h - hn-`m-k-øn-\v P-\-kw-Jym-\p- ]m-xn-i-am-bn e-`n- n-cp- ]- -Xn hn-ln-xw A-\p-h-Zn- n-cp- n-. B-kq-{Xn-X hn-i-k-\w C- m-øn-s-øm-wv C-Ø-cw H-gn-hm- -ep-iƒ {]m-tbm-kn-i-am-ip- -Xv. \o-xn- B-tbm-Kn-s tc-j-ifn F- mw X-s C-Ø-cw \-b-cq-]o- I-c-Ww Im-Wm I-gn-bpw. X-Xz-Øn kz-imcy-aq-e-[-\-sø k - m aq-e-[-\ \n-t -]- am-bn {]-Xn-\o-[o-I-cn- p- \-S-]-Sn-bm-Wv \o- Xn -B-tbm-Kv sn-bv-xp sim- n-cn- p- -Xv. C- Ø-cw am- -ß-sf k - m -]- -Xn-I-fm-bn A- h-x-cn- n- p- -Xn D- m-ip- hn-p-b-am-wv Cu k - m-cn-s t\- w. A-Xn-\pth- -Xv A-[n-Im-cw ti-{µo-i-cn- p-i F- -Xm-Wv. A- Xp-sIm- m-wv cm-py-sø ]-W-hn-\n-a-b-sØbpw \n-ip-xn-i-sf-bpw ti-{µ A-[n-Im-c-Øns Io-gn sim- p-h-cp- -Xv. t\m- v \n-tcm-[-\-hpw Pn.-F-kv.- n-bpw t\m- v \n-tcm-[-\-øn-\v H-cp h -jw ]q - Øn-bm-bn- pw C-Xp- m- n-b km-º-øn-it\- w F- m-sw v k - m-cn-\v hn-i-zo-i-cn- m I-gn- n- n-. dn-k -hv _m- n-s I- W- v {]-Im-cw 99 i-x-am-\-tømfw t\m- p-i-fpw Xn-cn-s -Øn. Iq- Sm-sX t\m- v \n-tcm-[-\w \-S- m- m kn.-fw.-sf.-c-bp-ss I-W- v {]-Im-cw 1.28 {Sn- y cq-]-bm- Wv sn-e-hm-b-xv. Ir-Xy-am-bn ]-d- m cm-py-sø B-tcm-Ky hn- Zym-`ym-k ta-j-e-i-fn H-cp h - jw k - m sn-e-hm- p- -Xns C-c- n-bn-e-[n-iw Xp-I. dn-k - v _m- n-s A-[n-Im-c-Øn-\v ap- I-fn k - m A-[n-Im-c-sØ {]-Xn-jvTn- m C-Xp-aq-ew I-gn- p. Ir-Xy-am-bn ]-d- m dnk - v _m- n-s\ {]-[m-\-a-{ n-bp-ss Hm-^okn-s Io-gn sim- p-h-cm I-gn- p. dnk - v _m- n-s \-b-ß-ƒ k - m-cn-s \nb-{ -W-Øn-s Io-gn-em- m C-Xp-h-gn I-gnbpw. ln- v-e-dpw, ap-tkm-fn-\n-bpw H-s sn-bv- X-Xv C-Xp-X-s -bm-bn-cp- p. ]-W-Øn-s hn- \n-a-b-øn-\pw C-S-]m-Sp-Iƒ- pw ta-ep- B- [n-]-xy-߃ H-cp P-\m-[n-]-Xy-{I-a-Øn {]- h -Øn- p- k - m \-S- n-em- p- {]- h -Øn-b-. Iq-Sm-sX k-º-zv-hy-h-ÿn-xnbn \n-e-\n- n-cp- c- v A-[n-Im-c-tI-{µß-fm-bn-cp- p [-\-a-{ m-e-b-hpw dn-k - v _m- pw. F- m t\m- v \n-tcm-[-\-tøm-sp-iq- Sn dn-k - v _m- n-s hn-th-n-\m[nim-cw d±psn-ø-s - p. ]-I-cw {]-[m-\-a-{ n Im-cyme-bw [-\-hn-\n-a-b-øn t\-cn- v C-S-s]-Sp- Io-gv-h-g- w D- m-ip-i-bpw sn-bv-xp. ho-ti- {µo-ir-x B-kq-{X-Ww \-S- n-em- -s -Sp- psh- v A-h-Im-i-ap- -bn- p- H-cp Im-e-L- -

5 [ {]-Xn-tcm-[Øn\v ]-e-t m-gpw ap-x-em-fn-ø bp- n-bp-ss co-xn-im-kv-{x-sø B-{i-bn-t - n h-cp- p [ 09 Øn-em-Wv C-Ø-cw ti-{µo-i-c-w-߃ D- m- Ip- -Xv. Cu Io-gv-h-g- w X-s -bm-wv Pn.-F-kv.- nbp-ss Im-cy-Øn-ep- m-b-xv. kw-ÿm-\ k - m-cp-i-fp-ss ]-e hn-th-n-\m-[n-im-c-ß-fpw \n-tj-[n- -s -Sp-I-bpw ]-I-cw H- pw B-kq- {X-W-an- m-sx \-S- n-em- n-b N-c- v tk-h-\ \n-ip-xn- P-\-Øn-\v _m- y-x-bm-bn amdpibpw snbvxp. Ip-Ø-I hn-e \n-b-{ -W- Øn-\v G -s -Sp-Øn-b h-ip- p-iƒ F-ß-s\ \-S- n-em- -W-sa- v C-Xp-h-sc [m-c-w-bp- m- m k - m-cn-\v I-gn- n- n-. A-Sn-ÿm-\ D - - -߃- v hn-e-bp-ss ap-i-fn G -s -Sp-Øn-b \n-ip-xn- aq-ew hgn k - m-cn-\p- m-ip- h-cp-am-\w, N-c- v tkh-\ \n-ip-xn \-S- n-em- n-b-xpsim v h-cpam-\ \-jv-s-ap- m-b kw-ÿm-\-߃- v hn-xc-ww sn-øp-sa- D-d- v ]m-en- -W-sa- n kw-ÿm-\ k - m-cp-i-fp-ss \-jv-sw \n-p-s - Sp-Øm I-gn-b-Ww. A-Xn-\v C-Xp-h-sc I-gn- n- n-. ti-c-f-øn P-\-Øn-\p- m-b \-jv- Sw k - m-cn-s \n-ip-xn \-jv-s-tø- mƒ Iq-Sp-X-em-Wv. A-Xv X-s ]-cn-l-cn- m km-[n- p- -Xp-a-. {]-Xn-tcm-[-Øn-s kz-`m-hw km-º-øn-i ^m-kn-k-sø Fß-s\ {]-Xn-tcm-[n- mw F- -Xn-\v hy- -am-b [mc-w-iƒ C- F- v ]-d- m A-Xn-i-tbm- n-b-. tim - -td- v ap-x-em-fn-øw k - m ]n -_-e-øn i- n-s -Sp-I-bpw ssz-\w-zn-\ Po-hn-X-Øn Cu A-[n-Im-cw kzm-[o-\w snm-ep-øp-i-bpw sn-øp- Cu Im-e-L- -Øn {]-Xn-tcm-[-߃ F- -Xv G-sX- n-ep-sam-cp I- n-bn-tem cm-jv-{so-b- Øn-tem H-Xp-ßn-\n - p- n-. {]-Xn-tcm- [Øn\v ]-e-t m-gpw ap-x-em-fn-ø bp- n-bpss co-xn-im-kv-{x-sø B-{i-bn-t - n h-cp- p F- -Xm-Wv ssh-cp- yw. dn-e-b -kn-s Pn-tbm knw -Im -Uv hm-ßm P-\w h-cn-\n- -Xn\v ImcWw a- v I-º-\n-I-fp-sS tk-h-\- tøm-sp- F-Xn - m-bn-cp- n-. A-Xn-t\- mƒ D-]-cn-bm-bn hn-]-wn \ -Ip- hn-e- p-d-hn-s\ kzo-i-cn- p-i F- -Xm-bncp- p. A-Xm-b-Xv, km-{º-zm-bn-i hn-]-wn D-]-t`m- m-hn-\v \ -Ip- hn-e-ip-d-hv H-cp I-º-\nbn-eq-sS am-{xw e-`n- p- A-h-ÿ aq-ew D- m-ip- Ip-Ø-I-h-Xv- -c-ww ^-e-øn k - m-cn-s cm-jv-{so-b Xm-ev-]-cy-hpw I-º- \n-i-fp-ss km-º-øn-i Xm-ev-]-cy-hpw H- m- p- p. A-Xm-b-Xv ap-x-em-fn-øw D-]-t`m- m-hn-\v \ -Ip- hn-]-wn-bn-f-hp-iƒ au- en-im-h-im-i-am-bn Im-tW- A-h-ÿ cq-]- s -Sp- p. Ip-d- piq-sn ap-t -dn-bm \mw F- Øn-t -cp- -Xv ti-c-f-øn H-cp Im-e-Øv G-sd N - sn-bv-x Fw.-]n. -]-c-ta-iz-c-s \m-emw tem-i-kn- m- -Øn-te- m-wv. "D-Ø-c-ap-X-em-fn-Ø am-\-hn-i-x' F- B-i-b-sØ B-{i-bn-t - A-h-ÿ-bm-Wv C- v Z-cn-{Z - v ap- n-ep- -Xv. H-cp ]-t P- \-ß-sf- mƒ \- m-bn C-Xv t_m- y-ap- -Xv k - m-cn-\p X-s -bm-wv. A-Xp-sIm- m-wv k - m G-sXm-cp X-cw P-\-Io-b {]-Xn-tcm- [-ß-sf `-b- p- -Xpw X-I - p- Xpw. {KŸ-kq-NnI 1. Charny, I.W Fascism and Democracy in the Human Mind: A Bridge between Mind and Society. University of Nebraska Press 2. Rockwell Jr, Llewellynh Fascism vs. Capitalism. Mises Institute. Alabama 3. Amin, Samir The Return of Fascism in Contemporary Capitalism. Monthly Review. Volume 66, Issue 04 (September) 4. Roise, Tania (edt) Dispatches from the Weimar Republic: Versailles and German Fascism. Morgan Philips Price. Pluto Press. London 5. Gupta, Dipakar Political Economy of Fascism.EPW Vol.12. No Baker, David Political Economy of Fascism: Myth or Reality, or Myth and Reality. New Political Economy. 11.2, mw h j-øn-te v kplr-sø, 1998 \hw-_-dn {]kn- o-i-cww Bcw-`n tic-fobw 20 mw h j-øn-te v IS- p-i-bm-wv. hm jn-im-tlm-j-ß-fpss `mk-ambn hnhn[ ]cn-]m-sn-ifpw {]txy-i- e- -ßfpw Btem-Nn- p- p. tic-fobøn\v Cu \mfp-i-fn ]n pw \ Inb F m kplr-øp- -fp-ssbpw hmb-\- m-cp-ssbpw klm-bhpw kl-i-cwhpw ]cn-]m-sn-i-fn {]Xo- n p- p. kvt\l-]q w tic-fobw Iq mbva