ae c-k-`-bpss kzmx-{ yhpw X\n-abpw

Transcription

1 ae c-k-`-bpss kzmx-{ yhpw X\n-abpw tum. amxyqkv am tkth-dn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm F. Un. 52- am tøm-am-«o-lm-bm ÿm]n-x-amb ae- -c-k` kzx-{ -bmbn P\n- p-sh- nepw ]mc-x- { y-øns Nß-e-I-fm _ -\-ÿ-bmbn 21- mw \q m nepw Ign-bp- p. ae- c k`-bpss Ac-pa-k- m-\- ߃ DW p Nn n-t kabw AXn-{I-an p Ign- p. am tøm-am-bpss a ƒ kzx-{ tcm ASn-a-Itfm? aq mw \q m- n t] jy-bn \n p- mb kndn-b A`-bm n-i-fpss IpSn-tb- w -ap-x ]Xn-s\ mw \q m- p- h-sc-bp hntz-i-{in-kvxym-\n-i-fpss C y-bn-te- p hchpw am tøma {InkvXym-\n-I-fpambn D mb Ah-cpsS _ hpw ae- -c-k-`-bpss Ncn-{X-Øn ambm-\m-hmø hsp-hp-ifpw s]mdp- m ] mø apdn-hp- Ifpw ka-\z-bn- n- p-hm ] mø hn -ep-ifpw \ In-bn- p-s - Xv Bflm-`n-am-\-ap G-sXmcp am tøma a ƒ pw t_m y-ap kxy-am-wv. Cu Xn m-\p-`-h-øn-te v ae- -c-k`m a sf ]n n- o n hen-s -dn hntz-i-{in-kvxym-\n-i-tfmsv sszhw s]mdp- p-hm \ap v {]m n- p-itb Xc-ap p. ss{ikvxh hnizm-ksø cmjv{so-b-h-xvi-cn- p sshhn-t ym-]-tz-i-ß-fpss ]S- -f-am n am n. Cu sndnb k`-sb, Ch-cpsS cmjv{sob ]S-tbm- -߃ `mc-x-a-æn Cc-ºn- m- -Xn\v aqi-km- n-bmbn \n ae- c k`m-a- ƒ v \jvs-s - -txm, X\n-a-bp-sSbpw kzmx-{ y-øn-s bpw Ah-t_m-[-hpw. 1. kwkv m-c-øns Dc-I- p-iƒ ÿnxn kzmx-{ yhpw Pohn-X-ssi-en-bnse X\n-abpw Hmtcm hy n-bp-ssbpw P m-h-im-i-amwv. AXnt B{I-aWw \S-Øp- -h A]-cn-jvIr-X\pw sshim-cni ka-\ne sx n-b-h-\p-am-wv. ÿnxn-kzm-x-{ yhpw Pohn- X-ssi-en-bnse X\n-abpw t_m y-s -Sp-Ibpw AXn A`n-am-\w-sIm v Pohn-X-Øn A`w-Kpcw Bhn-jvI-cn- p-hm Ign-bp- Xpw e y-t_m-[-ap hnzym-`ym-k-øns ]cn-wx-^-e-am-ip- p. sshtz-in-i-am-b-sx pw Id-Xo Xpw A\p-I-c-Wo-b-am-sW pw kztz-in-i-am-b-sx pw hne-ip-d- Xpw Ah-K-Wn- -s -ts- -sx pw D Nn kwkvim-c-iq-\y-x-bpss {]Xn-^-e-\-am-Wv. `mc-x-ønse ax-km-ap-zm-bni kmaq-ly-cw-k-߃ am{xa Iem-kmw-kvIm-cnI awvu-e-ßfpw Cu A -X-bn \n v ]cn-]q Æ-kz-X-{ -sa v ]d-bp-hm-\m-hn-. hntzi-{in-kvxob k`m-hn-izm-k-߃ tic-f-øn tnt -dn-b-t m-sg mw "anj-\-dn-the' F hymtp\ Ah-cpsS {InkvXob ss]xr-i-øn\v am tømam {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS CS-bn timf-\n-iƒ krjvsn v Ah-cpsS hnizmk-xøz-kw-ln-x-isf {]N-cn- n- p-hm-\p bp -`q-an-bn Ahsc ]c-kv]-c-ssh-cm-ky-ap- -h-cmbn tncn-xn-cn p \n Øn Nqj-Ww-sN-bvXp. {InkvXob hnizm-k-ønepw Bcm-[-\m-]m-c-º-cy-Ønepw kzx{ amb Bhn-jvIm-c- Øn\v am tøm-a-bpss a sf {]m]vx-cm- p-hm-\p AZ-ay-amb B{Klw am{x-am-bn-cp-s - n Ah-tcmSv _ -i-{xpx ]pe Øp hntz-i-k-`-i-fpss timf-\n-i-fmbn Chsc am p-i-bn- m-bn-cp- p. AXv A sø kml- N-cy-am-bn-cp- p-sh v ]d p XSn-X- p-hm t\m p- -h Ah-cpsS {InkvXob kvt\l-øns A -kø {]Xn- q- n-em-sw v a\- n-em-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. Ahn-sS-bmWv {InkvXob hnizm-k-øns hni-e-amb Cd- p-a-xn v Ah DØ-c-hm-Zn-I-fm-Ip- -Xv. am tøm-a-bpss a -fp-ss, X\n-a-bn-ep Bcm-[-\m-ssi-ensb cq]- s -Sp-Øp-hm hntzi {InkvXym-\n-I-fmbn ChnsS h -h ]cn-{i-an- n-cp- p-sh- n Ah-cpsS {InkvXo-b-hnizm-k-Øns ss\ a-eyw a\- n-em- m-am-bn-cp- p. t\sc-a-dn v cmjv{so-b-h -cn- -s v hni-e-am- -s Hcp {InkvXob Pohn-X-ssi-en-bpsS DS-a-I-fm-bn-cp p Ah F -Xn-\m Ah v A]-cn-jvIr-X-bp-K-ß-fnse tdmamkm-{am-py-øn-s bpw t] jy km{am-py-øn-s bpw cm -k-nn- -bn ]qcn-x-amb simtfm-wn-b-en-k-øns h m- -fm-imt\ Ign- p p F -Xn A p-x-øn\v Ah-Im-i-an-. kzmx-{ y-t_m-[-øns Ipdhpw X\na-bpsS A`n-am-\- p-dhpw `mc-x-ønse Ipsd {InkvXym-\n-I-fn-se- nepw ^e-{]-z-ambn IpØn-h-bv p-hm Ah v Ign- p-sh- -Xns _m n-]-{x-am-wt m C sø tic-f-{in-kvxym-\n-i-fpss At ym-jy ` nbpw tdmamt{]-ahpw Bw n- A`n-\n-th-i-hpw. Xe-a-d-s Æ tx p Chsc kwkvimc kº- -cm n A`n-am-\-ap am tøm-am-bpss a -fm- p-hm tbip-{in-kvxp-hns c m-asø hc-hnte C\n km[n- q-sh v txm p p. 2. "hnizm-k-øns Imcytam?' ]mc-x-{ y-øns ab- p-a-cp- n-\-sn-a-s p InS- p Cu kwkvim-c-iq-\y-cpss CS-bv n-s-bv p P -\- ß-fmWv "hnizm-k-øns Imcyw' F p- -Xv. {InkvXob hnizm-k-]m-c-º-cy-øns thz-]p-kvx-im-sn-ÿm-\wt]mepw a\- n-em- m-sx, Nne {]tz-isø k`-iƒ a p {]tz-i-ß-fnse k`-i-fp-ss-ta B[n-]Xyw ]pe Ø- W-sa pw AXv kzoi-cn v \S- p- -XmWv {InkvXo-b-hn-izm-k-sa pw ]d-bp C q- At m-kvtxm-e mcmb ]t{xmkpw ]utemkpw Ah-cpsS injy mcpw kphn-ti-j-øm P\n- n- -Xmbn thz-]p-kvxiw km ys -Sp-Øp GsX- nepw k` as mcp k`-bpss ta GsX- nepw coxn-bn I ØrXzw \S-Øn-b-Xmbn hmbn- n- pt m? kndn-b k`-i-fpss Po Æm-h-ÿ-bpsS Ime-L Øn 5 mw \q m- n-\p-tijw am{xw tdmam-k-`bn-ep-s-se-sp-ø, BtKm-f-k-`-bvs mcp Xe-h F Bibw kzbw Dƒs m v kndn-b Hm Ø-tUmIvkv Bcm-[\m ]pkvx-i-ßfpw a pw cq]m- cw hcp-øp-hm, Xß-fpsS \ne-\n v A]-I-S-Øn-emb kml-n-cy- Øn t{]cn-x-ambn F n AXv kndn-b Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`-i-fpss ]mc-º-cy-am-sw v ]d-bp-hm e -

2 bn- m-ø-xn Ah-cpsS \ne-\n ns ]cn-k-w-\-bn \ap v am p simsp- mw. AtX Bcm-[-\-I-fn CtX hnj-bsø kw_- n v Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`-i-fpss icn-bmb thz-im-kv{xm-sn-ÿm-\-øn-ep {]m -\-IfmWv `qcn-]- hpw CXn ImWp- -sx v a\- n-em- p-hm-\p Ah-cpsS ssha-\-kyhpw \ap v kl-xm-]- ]q Δw ]cn-k-wn-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. "AΩsb ad- mepw At ym-jymsb ad- m-øxv kz w AΩ-bpsS ]m IpSn p hf tijw AΩ-bpsS apjøv Im n p Xp p Pmc-k- -Xn-I-fm-b-Xp-sIm- m-sw- Xv hnizmk-øns Imcy-a-. AΩ-bn-ep Ahn-izm-k-Øns Imcy-am-Wv. tbip-{in-kvxp-hns Dbn sø-gp-t n\v km n-i-fmb (A-t m. 1:21, 22) ]{ v At m-kvtxm-e m-cn Hcm-fmb txmam-«o-lmbv v ] -Xz-an- m-sb v ]d- Xv hnizm-k-øns Imcy-ambn Ub-temKp \S-tØ Imcy-a-, AsX-gp-Xnb Bfns hnuvvn-xzhpw t`mj-xz-hp-ambn kl-xm-]-]q Δw a\- n-em n At±-l-Øn\v tbip-{inkvxp ]m]-tam-n\w simsp- p-hm\pw hn. ]t{xmkv «olm-bpƒ -ss-bp At m-kvtxm-e m At±-l-tØmSp an- p-hm At±-l-Øn-\p-th n \ap v Ct mƒ \S-Øp-hm-\p ""Rm ]ng-bmfn'' {]m -\-bpss Imcy-am-Wv. ]t{xmkv «olm-bn IqSn am{xta ] -Xz-\ h-c-ap p F v ]d- Xpw hnizm-k-øns Imcy-ambn N snø-s -ts H thz-]p-kvx-i-]m-t-im-e-bnse H mw m n t]mbn ]Tn v ]utemkv «olm Xotam-Øntbm-kn\pw XotØm-kn\pw Ft -kq-knse F n-kvtim- m p-sams ] w simspø thz-`m-k-߃ lrznÿ-am-t Imcy-ta-bp- p. ]t{xm-kns\ knwlm-k-\-ap p, txmambv v knwlm-k-\-an Fs ms A_ him ]d- p-t]m-ip- -Xp-sam pw hnizm-k-øns Imcy-a-. ]{ p «ol m p-ap ]{ p knwlmk-\-ß-sf- p-dn v tbip-{inkvxp ]d `mkw hmbn p a\- n-em- m-\p {XmWn- p-dhpw thz-]p-kvx-i-øntem BZn-a-k-`m-N-cn-{X-Øntem Hcp «olmbpw Hcn-SØpw knwlm-k\w ÿm]n {]Jym-]\w D m-bn- n-s - p Ncn-{Xm-h-t_m-[-Øns Ipd-hp-am-{X-am-Wv. 3. "BI-am\ (kp-dn-bm-\n) k`' tdma ItØm-en- m-k` A mw \q m- n t]m v entbm H m-a-t\m-sp-iqsn cq]w-sim-spø Hcp A_- t m-]-tz-i-amwv BI-am-\-k` (Universal Church) F -Xv. Bk` tbip-{in-kvxp-hns ]{ v At m-kvtxme m-cn {][m-\n-bmbncp ]t{xmkv «olm-bpss ]n Km-an-bmWv tdmanse _nj- mb t]m v F pw At±lw temi-øn-ep F m {]mtz-ini {InkvXob k`-i-fp-ssbpw BsI-Øp-I-bmb "BI-am-\-k`' (Universal Church) bpss BI-am\ CS-b\m (Universal Pastor) sw p-ap hmz-k-xn-bp-ambn apt m- p-h- p. ]uc-kvxy-k-`-iƒ A p-ap-x C p-hsc Cu hmz-kxn thz-hn-]-co-x-ambn IW- m n X n- -f- n- p- v. tdma ItØm-en- m-k-`-tbmsp doøp-i-fmbn tn ]uc-kvxy CXp AwKo-I-cn-t - n-h-cp- Xv kzm`m-hn-i-am-w-t m. ta -d tdma ItØm-en- m-th-z-imkv{x hymjym-\-øns Nph-Sp-]nSn v ]t{xm-kns BI-am\ kpdnbm-\n-k` (Universal Syrian Church) Fs mcp ]pxnb hmz-kxn At ym-jym-]m-{xn-b okv {][m-\-ta-e- y- - \m-bp kndn-b-bnse Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k` (bm-t m-_m-b) ]pe Øn-h-cp- p- v. CXv Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`- I-fpsS thz-im-kv{x-ønt\m ]mc-º-cy-ønt\m tbmpn- m-ø-xm-b-xn-\m temi-ønse Hcp Hm Ø-tUm-Ivkv k`bpw Cu hmz-k-xn v A\p-Iq-e-a-. F m ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`-bpss `c-w-l-s-\-bn H mw hip- n "At ym-jym-]m- {Xn-b okv' BI-am\ kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpss ]c-am- y- -\m-sw v ]d- n- p v F v Ncn-{Xhpw thz-imkv{x-hp-sams Adn-bm-sa p \Sn- p ]ecpw Nne A`n-`m-j-I t]mepw Fgp-Xn- n-sn- n-cn- p- Xp hmbn- ptºmƒ k`m-`-c-w-l-s-\-sb- p-dn- p Ah-cpsS A -X-bn ]cn-x-]n- p-itb km[n- q ]m m- nbxpw Imem-Im-e-ß-fn t`z-kxn hcp-øn-bn- p- Xpw _lp. C Uy kp{]owtimsxn km y-x-bp- -Xmbn AwKo-I-cn- n-cn- p- -Xp-amb ae- -c-k`m `c-w-l-s-\-bn "BI-am\ kpdn-bm-\n-k`'sbt m (Universal Syrian Church) ]c-am- y- -s\t m (Supreme head) D hm p-i-fn-. F m `c-w-l-s-\-bpss 108- mw hip- n "BI-am-\-kp- -l-tzmkv' (Ecumenical Synod) F hm p-sim v hnh- n- n-cn- p- Xv hnizm-k-im-cy-ßsf t`zs -Sp-Øp-hm-\p Ah-km\ Xocp-am\w \njym (F. Un. 325), IpkvX- o-t\m-t]m-eokv (F. Un. 381), Ft^kqkv (F. Un. 431) F o kp -l-tzm-kp-i-sf-t mse hnizmk sfiy-øn-ep k`-i-fpss kwtbm-pn- p kp -l-tzm-kns\ kw_- n v am{x-am-wv. Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpss thz-im-kv{x-a-\p-k-cn v Hcp F n-kvt m- m-bpss A y- -X-bn-ep Hcp {]mtz-in-i-k` (Local Church) AXn Ø-s, k`-bpss F m ASn-ÿm-\-X- Xz-ßfpw Dƒs m- n-cn- p- -Xn-\m AXv Hcp ImtXm-en- I-k-`-bm-Wv. "ImtXm-enIw' F {Ko p-hm v (Katholiki) tdmam-k` "ItØm-en m' F ]Z-Øn IqSn {]mtz-in-i-k-`-i-fpss BsI-Øp-I-bm-Ip- km h-{xn-i-k` (Universal Church) sb v BtKm-f-]-cn-am-W-Øn (Quantitative) hnh- n- p-tºmƒ Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`-iƒ F m {]mtz-in-i-k-`-ifpw ImtXm-en-I-k-`-I-fmWv F Xv k`-bpss KpW-k-hn-ti-j-X-I-fpsS (Qualitative) ASnÿm-\-Øn BWv Nn n- p- -Xv. CXns ASn-ÿm-\-Øn Hcp BtKm-f-hym-]-I-amb am\-øn-e k`sb \mw ImWp- -Xv, {]XypX {]mtz-in-i-am-\-øn IqSn am{x-a-s v Bb-Xn-\m "BI-am\ kpdn-bm-\n-k`'sb ]Z-{]-tbmKw `c-w-l-s-\m-\p-kr-xtam Hm Ø-tUmIvkv thzm-\p-k-c-wtam D -X-.

3 4. ]c-am- y- \pw {][m\ tae- y- \pw tdma ItØm-en- m-k-`-bnse AwK-߃ Ah-cpsS tdmanse ]m msb BI-am\ ItØm-en- m-k-`-bpss ]c-am- y- (Supreme head of the Universal Catholic Church) F v \ma-i-cww snøm-dp- v. CXv Ah Ah-ew- _n- p-h-cp k`m-hn- m-\ob ] m-ø-e-øn-ep kw -bm-wv. F m Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`-iƒ CXv AwKo-I-cn- p- n-. k`-bpss ]c-am- y- tbip-{in-kvxp-hm-sw- p ASn-ÿm-\-X-Øz-Øn Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`-iƒ Dd- p-\n p- p. Zriy-k-`-sb pw AZr-iy-k-`-sb pw (Visible Church & Invisible Church) k`bv v c p `mk-ß-fp-s pw CXn AZr-iy-k-`-bpsS ]c-am- y- tbip-{in-kvxp-hm-ip- -Xp-t]mse Zriy-k-`-bpsS ]c-am- y- tdmam- ]m- m-bm-sw v Ah ]Tn- n- p- p. F m k` H m-sw pw AXn Zriy-k-`-sb pw AZr-iy-k-`-sb- pw c p `mk-ß-fn-s pw hmßn-t m-b-hcpw Poh-\p- -hcpw Hcp-an p kpo-h-cmbn XpS-cp GI-k-`-bpsS ]c-am- y- tbip-{in-kvxp-hm-sw- p-amwv Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`-iƒ ]Tn- n- p- -Xv. Hcp {]mtz-in-i-k-`bpss tae- y- Hcp F n-kvtim- m-bm-wv. Htc hnizmk ]mc-º-cy-ap {]mtz-ini k`-i-fpss tae- y- m Hcp-an- p-iq-sp- -XmWv {]mtz-ini kp -l-tzm-kv. AXns ktω-f-\-øn A y- X hln- p {][m\ tae- y- s\ (Primate) ImtXm-en- m-sbt m ]m{xn-b o-skt m AXm-Xp-k-`-I-fpsS ]mc-º-cy-a- \p-k-cn v hnfn- p- p. B {][m\ tae- y- -t\m-ssm w a p {][m\ tae- y- amcpw Dƒs -Sp- p. {]mtzini k`-i-fpss kwk ni Iq -Øns\ (Community) Hcp {]txyi k` (Particular Church) F v kui-cym w hnfn- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`, A Ωo-\n-b Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`, FtXym-]y Hm ØtUmIvkv k`, tim]v niv Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`, At ym-jy Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k` F nh C{]-Im-c-ap {]txyi k`-i-fm-wv. Ch-bv-s mw hyxn-cn- -amb (distinctive) B-cm-[-\m-]m-c-º-cy-ß-fp- v. ASn-ÿm-\-hnizmk ]mc-º-cy-øn Ch-sb mw GI kz`m-h-ap- Xpw ]c-kv]c Ip m\ sfiyw \ne-\n Øp- -h-bp-am- Wv. Ch-bn ae- c k`-bp-ssbpw A Ωo-\n-b k`-bp-ssbpw {][m\ tae- y- msc ImtXm-en m F pw FtXym-]y, tim]v n-iv, At ym-jy k`-ifpss {][m\ tae- y- msc ]m{xn-b o-sk pw hnfn- p- p. A Ωo-\n-b k`-bn ImtXm-en- m-bpss Iogn c p henb {]tz-i-ß-fpss Xe-h am-cmbn ]m{xnb o-k m-cp- v. IqSmsX Ah v as mcp D]-Im-tXm-en- m-bp-ap- v. F nepw A Ωo-\n-b ImtXm-en m (F- van-bm-uvkn ) bmwv A Ωo-\n-b k`-bpss {][m\ tae- y-. 5. ae- -c-k-`-bpss {][m\ tae- y- ta hn-h-cn k`m-hn- m-\o-b-øns ASn-ÿm-\-Øn ae- -c-k-`-bpss `c-w-l-s\ t{imuo-i-cn- -s - ncn- p- p. H mw-h-ip v: ae- -c-k-`- -Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpss Hcp hn`m-khpw (division) Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdnbm-\n-k-`-bpss {][m\ tae- y- (Primate) At ymjym ]m{xn-b okpw BIp- p. c mw-h-ip v: ""ae- -c-k-`- -am tømωm «olm-bm ÿm]n-x-am-bxpw ]uc-kvxy-hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`-bn Dƒs - Xpw ]uckvxy Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`-bpss {][m\ tae- y- ImtXm-en- mbpw BIp- p.'' ta ImWn- ncn p c p-h-ip- p-ifpw hni-z-am- p-hm AXns ] m-ø-e-n-cn{xw Adn-tb- -Xm-Wv. 6. ]m m-xy- -]u-ckvxy kpdn-bm\n cq]-߃ tbip{inkvxp-hns Ime-Øp-Xs ]e-kvxo \m n Ad-amb `mj-bn \n- v DS-se-SpØ as mcp `mjmcq-]-am-bn-cp p kpdn-bm-\n. BZy-Im-e-ß-fn NXp-c-h-Sn-bn Fgp-X-s - n-cp-, F{_mb `mj-tbmsp hfsc kmayap m-bn-cp-, kpdn-bm\n `mjm-cq]w ]n m-eøv Hgp- -\mbn Fgp-X-s - p. CXn v Fkv{Smw-tKe kpdnbm\n (Estrangela) F v ]d-b-s -Sp- p. BZy- \mep \q m- p-i-fnepw C{]-Im-c-amWv \ne-\n- n-cp- -Xv. kpdnbm\n `mj kwkm-cn- p- -h bq{^- o-kv- ssx{kokv \Zn-I-fpsS ]Sn- mdpw Ing pw Xoc-ß-fn Xma-kn- ph-cth tdmam km{am-pyhpw t] jy km{am-py-hp-am-bp bp -߃ D m-hp-ibpw \Zn-I-fpsS ]Sn- m-dp- `mkw apgp-h tdmam-km-{am-py-øns \nb-{ -W-Ønepw Ing- p-`mkw t] jym km{am-py-øns \nb-{ -W- Ønepw Bbn-Øo p. Cu Ahÿ F. Un. 8 mw \q m- p-hsc XpS p. C m-e-l- -Øn tdmam-km-{am-py- Øn-\p- n-ep kpdn-bm-\n- m A sø {]_e `mj-bm-bn-cp {Ko n \n pw kzcw IS-sa-SpØv kpdn-bm- \n-`mj hni-kn- n-s -Sp-Øp. D m-c-w-ønepw Fgp-Øp-cq-]-Ønepw Imcy-amb hyxym-k-߃ hcp-øn. hymicww AtX-]Sn XpS p. t] jy km{ampymxn Øn-bn-ep- m-bn-cp Ing- p-`m-ksø kpdn-bm-\n- m NXpc-h-Sn-hn-ep FgpØpw A -c-߃ v api-fnepw Xmsg-bp-ambn hyxy-kvx-amb IpØp-I-fn v kzc-߃ tcjs -Sp-Øn, D m-c-w-ønepw Fgp-Ønepw hyxym-k-߃ hcpøn D]-tbm-Kn- p. Chcpw hymicw-øn am w hcp-øn-bn-. C{]-Imcw tdmam-km-{am-py-øn Hcp ]m mxy kpdn-bm\n cq]hpw t] jym-km-{am-py-øn Hcp ]uckvxy kpdn-bm\n cq]hpw \ne-hn h- p. km{am-py-߃ XΩn-ep- m-bn-cp i{xpx \nanøw Ch XΩnepw Bi-b-kw-th-Z-\-߃ ]cn-an-x-s - p. Cu {]tz-i-ß-fn-ep k`m ]mc-º-cy-ßfpw C{]-Imcw kmaqly

4 cmjv{sob ] m-ø-e-øn hyxn-cn kz`m-h-ß-fp- -Xm-bn. 7. ]m m-xy- -]u-ckvxy Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`-iƒ tdmamkm{am-py-øn-ep- m-bn-cp ]m mxy kpdn-bm\n k` {Ko v eøo k`-i-fp-am-bp _ -Øn A mw \q m- ns ]q Δm w-hsc Bcm-[-\m-]m-c-ºcyw cq]-s -Sp-Øp-Ibpw a p k`-i-tfmsv hnizm-k-]-camb km[ Ωyw ]pe Øp-Ibpw snbvxp. I n-tzm kp -l-tzm-kn-\p-tijw tdmωm km{am-py-øn At ym-jy kpdn-bm\n k`-bn `n X D m-bn. IpkvX- o-t\m-t]m-eo-kv- -tdmam ]m{xn-b t - p-iƒ I ntzm kp -l-tzm-kn\v A\p-Iq-e-ambn \ne-]m-ss-sp-ø-t mƒ At ym-jym- -Cu-Kp-]vXm-b-k-`-Iƒ AXn-t\mSv FXn Øp-\n- p. F m At ym-jy kpdn-bm\n k`-bn I n-tzm kp -l-tzm-kns A\p-Iq-en-I-fp- m-bn-cp- -Xn-\m Ah v IpkvX- o-t\m-t m-eo-knse {Ko p-k-`-bpss klmbw e`n- n-cp- p. A{]-Imcw {Ko v- -kp-dn-bm\n k`m ]mc-º-cy-߃ I n-tzm-\ycpw I n-tzm\y CX-ccpw F \ne-bn At ymjy k` ]nf p. Cu ]nf v C pw AhnsS XpS-cp- p. F m tdmω km{am-py-øn \n m I n-tzms\ AwKo-I-cn-t - n-h-cp-sa- p- -Xn-\m I ntzms\ FXn Ø GXm-\pw s\kvtxm-dnb ] - m t] jy km{am-py-øn-te p ]mem-b\w snbvxp. Ch t] jy-bnse \nkn-_n-kv, sk-eqiy sã-kn-t^m {]tz-i-߃ ti{μ-am n s\kvtxm-dnb hnizmkw {]N-cn- n- p. F m ]uckvxy kpdn-bm-\n- m-cn Iptd-t CXns\ FXn Øp. s\kvtxm-dnb hnizmkw FXn Øpw I n-tzms\ FXn Øpw C q- t] jym-km-{am-py-øn \n p. I n-tzms\ FXn Ø-hcmbn ]m m-xy-kp-dn-bm\n k`-bn-ep- m-bn-cp- -hcpw ]uckvxy kpdn-bm\n k`-bn-ep- m-bn-cp- -hcpw ]c-kv]cw _ w ]pe Øn h p. ]m mxy Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`sb pw ]uckvxy Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`sb pw Ch Adn-b-s - p. ]m mxy kpdn-bm\n k`bv v At ym-jy-bnse Hcp {][m\ tae- y- -\mbn ]m{xn-b okv D m-bn-cp- -Xp-t]mse ]uckvxy Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`bv v sx{ko-kn {][m\ tae- y- -\mbn Hcp ImtXm-en- mbpw D m-bn-cp- p. ]uckvxy Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`mw-k-߃ Xmc-X-tay\ Ipd-hm-bn-cp- -Xn-\m ]e Imcy-ß-fnepw At ym-jy ]m mxy kpdn-bm\n k`sb B{i-bnt - n-h- n-cp- p. Bb-Xn-\m At ym-jy-bnse ]m mxy kpdn-bm\n k`-bpss {][m\ tae- y- -\m-bncp At ymjy ]m{xn-b o-kns\ ]m m-xy- ]u-ckvxy Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`-i-fpss {][m\ tae- y- -\mbn ]uc-kvxy IW- m n _lp-am-\n- n-cp- p. ]uc-kvxy \ In-bn-cp Cu _lp-am\w ]m m-xy-cpss Nne ]m{xn-b o-k m Zpcp-]-tbm-K-s -SpØn B[n-]Xyw ÿm]n- p-hm {ian- -t m-sgms ]uckvxy kpdn-bm\n k`bpw ]m mxy kpdn-bm\n k`bpw XΩn `n -X-Iƒ D m-bn- p- v. 8. k`-bpss ]m mxy kpdn-bm\n _ w: \memw \q m- n t] jy-bnse kmt m ZznXo-b N{I-h Øn-bpsS ]ou-\sø `b v A`-bm n-ifmbn ae- -c-bnse simsp-ß- q-cp -h v IpSn-tb-dn- m Ø t] jy kpdn-bm-\n- m-cpss ]ndsi a -t\-icpw h p-iq-sn. Ch-cn sshzn-icpw tae- y- mcpw D m-bn-cp- p. ae- c \{km-wn-i-ƒ Ahsc kzoi-cn v AhcpsS kpdn-bm\n Bcm-[-\m-]m-c-º-cy-߃ Dƒs m- p. t] jy kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fnse s\kvtxmdnb ] - m-cm-sw v a\- n-em- msx Ah-cpsS Bcm-[-\m-]m-c-ºcyw kxy-hn-izm-k-ambn IW- m n ae- - cbnse \{km-wn-iƒ kzoi-cn- p-t]m- p. F m tdma ItØm-en m anj-\-dn-am ae- c \{km-wn-i-fpss Bcm-[\m ]mc-º-cy-߃ \in- n v eøo Bcm-[-\m-]m-c-ºcyw ASn-t n- -t mƒ AXn-s\-Xntc Iq\ Ipcnip kxyw (1653) \SØn kpdn-bm\n kxy-hn-izmk ]mc-ºcyw hos -Sp- p-hm\pw t]m p-kokv anj-\-dn-amcpss eøo-\o-i-cw (latinisation) Øn \n v c -{]m-]n- p-hm-\p-ambn ae- c \{km-wn-iƒ CuKp-]vXmb _m_n-tem-wn-b, At ymiym ]m{xn-b o-k m-tcmsv klmbw A`y n- p-sim- p At]- -I-f-b- p. AXns ^e-ambn tbcp-i-te-an \n v ]m mxy kpdn-bm\n k`m-]m-c-º-cy-ap am {KntKm-dn-tbmkv ae- -cbn FØp-Ibpw C{]-Imcw ae- -c-k-`-bn ]m mxy Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`m-]m-c-ºcyw kam-cw-`n- p-ibpw snbvxp. I n-tzm\y CX-c-amb Hcp kxy-hn-izmk ]mc-ºcyw \ne-\n Øp- -Xn\pw tdma ItØm-en m k`m ]mc-º-cy-øn \n v kzx-{ -amb Hcp k`m-]m-c-ºcyw ChnsS XpS-cp- -Xn\pw am {KntKmdn-tbm-kns BK-a-\hpw XpS p _ -ßfpw {]tbm-p-\-s p F p- -Xn `qcn-] w ae- c \{km-wn- Ifpw ]m mxy Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`m-]m-c-º-cy-tømsv IS-s - -h-cm-wv. F m Cu _ -Øns ^e-ambn ae- -c-k` A\p-`-hn-t - n-h Xn m-\p-`-h-ß-fpss shfn- -Øn C v ae- c k`mw-k-ß-fpss a\- n Cu _lp-am-\-øn\v Ipdhp h p-t]m-bn- p- v. 9. ]uckvxy ImtXm-en- m-ÿm-]\w ae- -c-bn I ntzm\y CX-c-amb ]uckvxy Hm Ø-tUm-Ivkv kpdn-bm\n k`m-]m-c-ºcyw 13- mw \q m- n AXns ImtXm-en Bbn-cp _m F{_m-bpsS Ime-Øn-\p-tijw ssh[hyw {]m]n- p. ]Xn-s\ mw \q m-t m-sp- IqSn ImtXm-en- m-am C m-xm-bn. C m-e-l- -Øn-\p -tijw t] jy-bn \n v ae- -c-bn-te p h n- p F m sa{xm mcpw s\kvtxm-dn-b-cm-bn-cp p F Xv X -an- mø Imcy-am-Wv. ae- c k`bv v Hcp kzx-{ amb Bcw-`-ap-s - nepw kzx-{ -amb Hcp F n-kvtim- `cww IqSn AXns X\n-a-bn D m-h-w-sa- p-

5 Xv as - -tø- m-fp-ap-]cn t]m p-kokv anj-\-dn-am-cpss ImeØpw AXn-\p-tijw At ym-iy ]m{xn-b ok m-cpss ImeØpw ae- -c-k-`m-a- ƒ B{K-ln- n- p- -Xm-Wv. t] jy kpdn-bm\n ]mc-ºcyw \memw \q m- n ChnsS h v B[n-]Xyw ÿm]n- -txmss am txmωm {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS Bcm-[-\m-]m-c-ºcyw A{]-Xy- -am-b-xm-wv. txmωm-bpss am w ]pcm-x\ ae- c \{km-wn-i-fpss Bcm-[\m Pohn-X-ssi-en-bm-bn-cp- psh v ]cs kω-xn- n- p- -Xm-Wv. A_vtZZv ainlm ]m{xn-b okv \S-Ønb ae- c k`-bnse ]uckvxy ImtXm-en m ]p\x-ÿm- ]\ {]Jym-]\w aqew ae- -c-k-`m-a- -fpss Nnc-Im-em-`n-emjw ]q Øo-I-cn- -s - p. ae- c k`bv v X\-Xmb Hcp tae- y- s (Im-tXm-en-t m-kv) {]Jym-]\w D m-bm axn-bm-bn-cp- p. ImcWw AXv bmsxmcp hntzi-k-`-bp-ssbpw `mk-am-bn-cp- n- -t m. F m ChnsS ]m mxy Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`m-]m-c-ºcyw \ne-\n s -Øs Ahn-SpsØ {][m\ tae- y- -\mb ]m{xn-b o-kns Xpey A[n-Im-c-ap Hcp ImtXmen-t v ]uckvxy tziøv (t] jy-bn ) \ne-\n- n-cp- Xn\mepw ssh[hyw {]m]n- p-t]m-bxpw ae- -c-k-` ]uc-kvxy-tz-i-øp Hcp Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n ]mc-º-cy-ap k`-bm-b-xn-\mepw At ymjym ]m{xnb o-kmb A_vtZZv ainlm ae- -c-k-`-bpss kzmx-{ y-søbpw X\n-a-sbbpw IcpXn ]uckvxy ImtXmen m F v ae- c k`-bpss {][m\ tae- y- \v kw \ In BZ-cn- p. ae- -c-k-`-bpss ImtXm-en m F v ]d- n-cp-s - nepw axn-bm-bn-cp- p. ImcWw ChnsS kzx-{ -amb Hcp k` am tøm-ωm-«o-lmbpss Imew apx \ne-\n p- -Xm-Wv. 10. At ymjym ]m{xn-b o-kn\v ae- -c-bp-am-bp _ w ta hn-h-cn Ncn-{X-]- m-ø-e-øn ae- -c-k`m `c-w-l-s-\-bpss H pw c pw hip- p-iƒ a\- n-em-t - -Xm-Wv. I -tzm-t\y-xc Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`m-]m-c-ºcyw C v \ne-\n Øp- Xv c p k`-ifm-wv. At ym-jy-bnse ]m mxy Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`bpw ae- -c-bnse ]uckvxy Hm ØtUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`-bpw. Cu c p hn`m-k-ßfpw (division) Ah-ew-_n- p I n-tzm-t\y-xc k`m-]m-c- ºcyw IW- n-se-sp- p-tºmƒ Ah-bpsS {][m\ tae- y- -\mbn At ymjym ]m{xn-b o-kns\ ae- c k` _lp-am-\n v BZ-cn- p- p. AXv ae- -c-k-`bv v At ym-jy-bnse ]m mxy Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm- \n-k`m ]mc-º-cy-tøm-sp IS- m-sn-s bpw \μn-bp-ssbpw Hcp {]Xo-Im-flI ÿm\-øns AwKo-I-c-W-am- Wv. AX- msx B ÿm\w-sim v ae- -c-k-`-bpss ta BflnIsam euinisam Bb bmsxm-c-[n-im-cm-h- Im-i-ßfpw hnh- n- p- n-. ae- -c-k`m `c-w-l-s\ t{imuo-i-cn- -h hnim-e-a-\-t mss ae- c k`m `c-w- L-S-\-bn At ymjym ]m{xn-b o-kn\v A{]-Imcw Hcp ÿm\w \ In BZ-cn- -Xn-\m At ym-jy-bnse Hm Ø-tUm-Ivkv kpdn-bm\n k` F pw ae- c k`-tbmsv \μn-bp- -h-cm-bn-cn-t - -Xm-Wv. ae- -c-k`m `c-w- L-S-\-bnse 101, 114, 118 hip- p-ifpw ae- -c-k` Cu A -Øn _lp-am-\-kq-n-i-ambn \ In-bn-cn- p- -hbm-wv. hip v 101 ""ImtXm-en- m-bpss kl-i-c-w-tøm-sp-iqsn Imt\m-\n-I-ambn hmgn- -s -Sp ]m{xn-b o-kns\ ae- c k` AwKo-I-cn- p -Xm-Ip p''. CXn \n v hfsc hy -am-bn-cn- p kwkxn At ymjy ]m{xn-b okns\ \ncp-]m-[niw kzoi-cn- p-hm ae- -c-k-`bv v bmsxmcp _m y-xbpw Cs hkvxp-x-bm-wv. ae- -cbpss ImtXm-en-t - ns kzbw io j-ixzw CXp ImWn- p- p. F.-Un se I^ ØqØm kp -l-tzmkns hyh-ÿ-iƒ A\p-k-cn v ]uc-kvxy ImtXm-en- msb hmgn- p-tºmƒ ]m mxy ]m{xn-b o-kns\ Wn- -Ww ]m m-xy ]m{xn-b o-kns\ hmgn- p-tºmƒ ]uckvxy ImtXm-en- m-sbbpw Wn- -Ww. Cu hyh-ÿ-bpss ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv ae- -c-k`m `c-w-l-s-\-bn Cu hip v Dƒs m- n- n-cn- p- -Xv. ]m mxy kpdn-bm\n Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpss `c-w-l-s-\-bn kam-\-amb Hcp hyhÿ D m- n-bn- pt m F -dn-bn-. Cu ASn-ÿm-\-Øn Ct m-gsø At ymjym ]m{xn-b okv ae- -c-bnse ]uckvxy ImtXmen- m-bpss AwKo-I-c-W-tØmsS hmgn- -s - -X- m-ø-xn-\m ae- -c-k` At±-lsØ Imt\m-\n-I-ambn hmgn- -s At ymjy ]m{xn-b o-kmbn AwKo-I-cn- p- n-. kp{]ow tims-xn-hn[n _lp-am-\n- p-ibpw BZ-cn- p-ibpw AXn A`bw {]m]n- p-ibpw snøp ]m{xn-b okv ] -]m-xn-iƒ kp{]ow timsxn ae- -cbnse ]uckvxy ImtXm-en- m-am-cpss ÿm\-߃ tnmzyw snø-s -Sp-hm ]msn- m-ø-h-bm-sw v Ak- n- Kv -ambn {]Jym-]n- n-cn (Pq 20, 1995) ae- -c-k-`-bpss AwKo-I-c-W-ap Hcp ]m{xn-b okv C v At ym- Jy-bn C m-sb kxyw a\- n-em- p-hm asn- p- Xv -hy-a-. ap q-dn-e-[niw t]pp-i-fp Cu kp{]ow timsxn hn[n-bn, ]m{xn-b okv hn`mkw krjvsn t{ijvt ImtXm-en- -sb- p-dn v Hcp hm p-t]mepw ]dbm-xn-cnt At±-l-Øns kl-i-c-w-tøm-sp-iq-sn-bmwv Ct m-gsø At ymjy ]m{xn-b okv hmgn- s - -sx v ]d-bp- Xv ]c-a-amb A_- w-x-s. hip v 114 ""ae -c-bm kzoi-cn- -s ]m{xn-b o-kp-s - n ImtXm-en- msb hmgn- p Ah-k-c-Øn ]m{xnb o-kn-s\bpw Wn-t - Xpw ]m{xn-b okv hcp ] w kn\-uns {]kn-u v F \ne-bn kn\-uns kl-i-c-w-tøm-sp-iqsn ImtXm-en- msb hmgn-t Xpw BIp p''.

6 ae- -c-k-`-bpss kp -l-tzmkv ImtXm-en- msb hmgn- p-tºmƒ ]m{xn-b okv Hcp AXn-Yn-bmbn am{xw Wn- -s -Sp-I-bm-Wv. F m At±lw ae- -c-k-`-bp-ts-xp-t]m-ep hnizmk ]mc-º-cy-ap Hcp k`-bpss tae- y -\m-b-xn-\mepw Ncn-{X-]-c-ambn ]uc-kvxy At±-l-Øn\v apºxzw (Primary) simsp-øn- p Xn-\mepw ImtXm-en- m-hm-gvn-bn kp -l-tzm-knse {][m\ Im Ωn-I-\m-bn-cn- p-hm ae- -c-k` Hcp ÿm\w \ In BZ-cn- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. Imc-Ww, ae- -c-bpss ImtXm-en- msb hmgn- p-hm ae- c k` AwKo-I-cn- p Hcp ]m{xn-b o-kps n t]mepw At±lw htc- Xv ae- c k`bv v Hcp Bh-iy-ap Imcy-a F v Cu hip- n \n pw hy -am-w-t m. am{x-a ae- -c-k-`-bpss hnizmk ]mc-º-cy-ap GsXmcp I n-tzm-t\y- X-c-k-`-bpsS (A tω-\n-b, CuKp-]vXm-b, GtXym-]y) {][m\ tae- y- h mepw ImtXm-en- m-hm-gvnbn {][m\ Im Ω-nIXzw \ In BZ-cn- p- -Xn Imt\m-\n-I-amsbm thz-im-kv{x-]-c-amtbm A]m-I-X-bn-. hip v 118 ""]cmxn ImtXm-en- msb ] n-bm-sw- n ae- -c-k-`-bm kzoi-cn- -s ]m{xn-b o-kp-s - n ]m{xnb o-kn-s\- qss Wn-t - Xpw At±lw hcp ] w kn\-uns {]kn-u mbn-cn- p- Xpw hcmø ] w kn\uv hn[n I ]n- p- -Xp-am-Ip- p.'' 114- mw hip- p-{]-imcw At ymjym ]m{xn-b o-kn\v ae- c k`-bp-am-bp _ sø- mƒ Iptd- qss _e-lo-\-amb _ w hy -am- p- -XmWv Cu hip- v. Cu hip- p-i-sf mw ae- -c-k-`-bpss kzb io j-i- Xzhpw X\n-abpw hy -am- p- p. 11. ItXm-en m ]m{xn-b o-kns Iogvÿm-\ntbm? Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`-i-fpss Ncn-{X-Øn Hcn- epw ti p-tiƒhn-t]m-ep-an- m-øx Hcp _men-i-amb hmzap-j-amwv ]m{xn-b okv ] -]m-xn-iƒ C v D -bn- p- -Xv. ae- -c-k-`-bpss kp{]ow timsxn AwKo-I-cn `c-w-l-s-\-bn At ymjy ]m{xn-b o-kn-s\- p-dn v ]d-bp Hcp hip- nepw (1, 101, 114, 118) Cu hmz-ap-j- Øn\v km y-x-bn-s v \mw I p-h-t m. adn v ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbpw ]uckvxy ImtXm-en- m-bp-amb ae- -c-k-`-bpss {][m\ tae- y- s A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-߃ kp{]ow timsxn AwKo-I-cn- p-d- n- n-cn- p `c-w-l-s-\m-h-ip- p-iƒ Xmsg ]d-bp- -h-bn \n pw Cu hmz-ap-j-øns A -iq-\yx hy -am-ipw. hip v 94 ae- -c-bpss euin-ihpw sshzn-ihpw Bflo-b-hp-amb `c-w-øns {][m\ `mc-hm-lnxzw Cu LS-\bv p hnt[-b-ambn ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bn \n n-]vxam-bn- p- -Xm-Ip- p. hip v 100 ta - - msc hmgn- p-i, F n-kvtim- kp -l-tzm-kn A y w hln- p-i, kp -l-tzm-kns \n - b-ßsf {]Jym-]n- p-ibpw \S- n hcp-øp-ibpw snøp-i, kp -l-tzm-kns {]Xn-]p-cp-j-s\ \ne-bn `cww \S-Øp-I, aqtdm IqZmi snøpi F nh ImtXm-en- m-bpss A[n-Im-c-Øn s - -h-bm-ip- p. GsXmcp kzx-{ -k-`-bp-ssbpw {][m\ tae- y- \v AXn I-hn bmsxmcp A[n-Im-chpw Hcp Hm ØtUmIvkv k`-bn-ep-an-. CXn-\p-]-cn-bmbn Fs - nepw A[n-Imcw At ymjym ]m{xn-b o-kn\v ae- -c-k-`bpss ta D v F v At±-ltam At±-l-Øns ] -]m-xn-itfm [cn- m AXv Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpss ]mc-º-cy-a-, Hcp ]t tdma ItØm-en- m-k-`-bpss ho -W-tØmSp kmay-ap- -Xm-bn-cn- mw. am tøm- Ωm-«o-lmbv v ] -Xz-\ h-c-an- m-sb v e -bn- msx Hcp ]m{xn-b okv (203- mw \º I ]-\) Fgp-Xp- Ibpw AXn\v Nq p-]n-sn- p-hm GXm\pw ae- -c-k-`-bpss a ƒ Xøm-dm-hp-Ibpw snbvx-xn Cu k` C pw ZpxJn- p- -Xp-t]mse At ymjy ]m{xn-b okv ]uckvxy ImtXm-en- m-bpss Bflob tae-[n-imcn BsW v C q- Ct mƒ ]d-bp- -Xn ae- -c-k-`m-a- ƒ C pw ZpxJn- p- p. At ym-jy Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`-sb-t mse AtX I n-tzm-t\y-xc Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`m ]mc-ºcyw ]pe Øp am tøm-ωm-«olm ÿm]n ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpss {][m\ tae- y- ]uckvxy ImtXm-en m BWv. At ym-jy ]m{xn-b o-kn\v Ad_n hwi-p-cmb Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`mw- K-ß-fpsS ta Fs mw A[n-Im-cmhImi-ß-fpt m kam-\-amb F m A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-ßfpw ae- -c-k-`bpss ImtXm-en- mbv v C y hwi-p-cm-bn-cn- p ae- -c-k-`mw-k-ß-fpss taepw D v. F m At ymjym ]m{xn-b o-kn\v ae- -c-k-`mw-k-ß-fpss tatem ae- -c-bpss ImtXm-en- mbv v At ymiym k`mw-k-ß-fpss tatem kzx-{ -ambn bmsxm-c[nimcm-h-im-i-ßfpw C. Cu kwk-xn-iƒ ae- c k`m-n-cn-{x-øn \n pw ae- -c-k`m `c-w-l-s-\-bn \n pw AXv AwKo-I-cn- p-d- n- n- p C Uy kp{]ow tims-xn-hn-[n-i-fnepw hy - am- n-bn- p- -Xm-Wv. Npcp- -Øn I n-tzm-t\y-xc Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`m ]mc-º-cy-ap At ym- Jym-bnse k`bv pw ae- -c-bnse k`bv pw X\-Xmbn Hmtcm {][m\ tae- y- m-cn apºxzw (Primary) At ymjy ]m{xn-b o-kn\v ae- -c-k` simspøv BZ-cn- n- p- v. At ym-jy-bnse ]m{xn-b okv AhnsS kphn-tijw Adn-bn ]t{xmkv «olm-tbmsv _ -s -SpØn Fs mw Ah-Im-i-߃ Ds v [cn- p- pthm Ah-sb mw ae- -c-k-`-bpss ImtXm-en m ChnsS kphn-tijw Adn-bn txmam-«o-lm-tbmsv _ -s -Sp-Ønbpw Dƒs m- p- p- v.

7 12. ae- c k` F n-kvtim- tem? CS-hI ] n-i-fm-ip kzx{ bqwn- p-iƒ tn p Hcp kwbp `cw-hy-h-ÿn-xn-bmwv ae- -c-k- `-sb hmzw k`-bn i -ambn Db p-h- n- p- v. Cu hnjbw kap-zm-b-ti-kn kp{]ow timsxn ]cn-k- Wn- p-ibpw k`m `c-w-l-s-\-bn hnh- n- p- n-s-tømfw ae- c k` F n-kvtim- BIp p F pw CS-hI ] n-iƒ Cu `c-w-l-s\-{]-imcw ÿnc-ambn `cn- -s -S-W-sa pw hn[n Xo p I n- p-ibpw snbvxp. Ah-cpsS ]Øp Is -Ø-ep-I-fn (Findings) F m-a-tøxv C{]-Im-c-am-Wv. 8. "So far as the declaration of the Malankara Church being episcopal in character is concerned, all we need hold is that it is episcopal to the extend it is so declared in the 1934 constitution. The said constitution also governs the affairs of the parish churches and shall prevail". ta -d ASn-ÿm-\-Øn ae- -c-k` `c-w-l-s\ ae- -c-k-`-bpss F n-kvtim- -knsb hy -am- p- Xv GsX mw hn[-øn-se v ]cn-tim-[n- p-i-bmwv \ΩpsS e yw. a) F n-kvtim k`-bpss tae- y- ""F n-kvt m Fhn-sS-bpt m AhnsS k`-bp v'' F v At ym-jy-bnse hn. C møn-tbmkv \qtdmt\m c mw \q m- n ]d- n-cn- p Xn \n v {InkvXob k`-bpss kwtbm-p\ ti{μw (Centre of unity) F nkvtim BIp p F Xv ]ucm-wni k`-i-fpss F mw ]Tn- n- -em-wv. Cu ASn-ÿ\ XØz-Øn A[njvTn-X-am-bn-Øs ae- -c-k-`-bpss `c-w-l-s-\bpw cq]-s -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p- p. i) k`-bpss s]mxp-`-cww `cwls-\-bpss H pw c pw hip- p-i-fn Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`-bpss {][m\ tae- y- At ymjy ]m{xn-b okv BIp- p-sh- pw, ]uckvxy Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`-bpss {][m\ tae- y- ImtXm-en BIp- p-sh pw tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p- Xv ae- c k`-bpss F n-kvtim- kn (ta - -ÿm-\w) AXns `c-w-kw-hn-[m-\-ønse ASn-ÿm\ XØz-am-sW {]Jym-]-\-am-Wv. k`-bpss s]mxp-`-c- W-Øn\v D m- p GXp {Iao-I-c-W-Øn-s bpw AXy- n-i-amb A[n-Imcn ]m{xn-b o-tkm, ImtXm-en- mtbm Ah-cpsS ÿm\-ß-fnepw \ne-i-fnepw Bbn-cn- pw. as m-c -Øn ]d- m k`-bpss s]mxp`cww ]m{xn-b o-kntem ImtXm-en- m-bntem AXy- n-i-ambn \n n-]vx-am-wv. ii) Atkm-kn-tb-j `cwl-s-\-bpss 72- mw hip- -\p-k-cn v ae- -c-k-`-bpss ]c-tam- X ]m e-sa mb ae- c kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym\n Atkm-kn-tb-j {]kn-u v ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bpw, sshkv {]kn-u p-am `cw-ap tijw ta - - mcpw BW hyh-ÿ-bn-epw, k`-bpss `c-w-kw-hn-[m-\-øn BXy- n-ix ta ÿm\- Øn A[n-jvTn-X-am-Ip p F mwv hy -am-ip- -Xv. Sn 73, 74 hip- p-i-fn {]-Imcw ae- c kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym\n Atkm-kn-tb-j tbmk-øn A y- X hln-t - Xv ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-ømtbm At±-l- Øns \n t±-im-\p-k-cww sshkv {]kn-u mb Hcp sa{xm-t m-eo-ømtbm BIp- p-sh- m-wv. km[m-c-w-k- Xn-bn ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-ø-bmwv ae- c kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym\n Atkm-kn-tb-j hnfn- p-iq-t - -sx- nepw At±lw C msx hcp Ah-k-c-Øn sshkv {]kn-u p-am-cn c p-t] t m, Ah hnfn- p-iq- mø ] w amt\-pnwkv IΩn n AwK-ß-fn ]IpXn AwK-߃t m Atkm-kn-tb-j- hnfn- p-iq- m-hp- - XmWv F v hyh-ÿ-bp- v. F m Atkm-kn-tb-j-\n A y- X hln- p-hm Hcp sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbv - msx a m pw Cu A[n-Imcw hyhÿ snbvxn- n- m-øn-s-tømfw Atkm-kn-tb-js km y-xbpw ta - -ÿm-\-øns A[n-Im-c-Øn A[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn- p- p. Atkm-kn-tb-j\v Hcp sk{i- dn D m-bn-cn- -W-sa pw B sk{i- -dnsb Atkm-kn-tb-j amt\-pnwkv IΩn n sxc-s -Sp- -W-sa pw `c-wls\-bpss 75- mw hip- n hyhÿ snbvxn- p-s - nepw GsX- nepw Imc-W-h-im amt\-pnwkv IΩn- n-bpss B sxc-s -Sp v ae- c sa{xm-t m-eoøm ÿnc-s -Sp-Øp- n-s - n B sxc-s -Sp- n\v km[p-x-bn- m-xm-ip-sa v hy -am- p- -Xn-\m ae- c kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym\n Atkm-kn-tb-js F m {]h Ø-\-ß-fp-sSbpw \nb-{ Ww k`-bnse F n-kvtim- m-bn \n n-]vx-am-ip- p-sh- Xv Ahn-X n-x-am-wv. iii) Atkm-kn-tb-j amt\-pnwkv IΩ n a) sa{xm-t m-eoø A y- `cwls\ 79- mw hip- n amt\-pnwkv IΩn- n-bn-te v sxc-s -Sp- -s -Sp BsI AwK-ß-fpsS kwjy A\p-k-cn v 12 t] v Hcmƒ F IW- n\v ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbv v kz -CjvS-{]-Imcw amt\-pnwkv IΩ n AwK-ß-fmbn \nb-an- m-hp- Xpw sxcs Sp- -s -Sp- -h-cpss kwjy IqSp- -X-\p-k-cn v CtX A\p- ]m-x-øn ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbv v amt\-pnwkv IΩn n AwK-ßsf \nb-an- m-hp- -Xm-Ip p F pw hyhÿ snbvxn-cn- p- -Xn \n v ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbv v amt\-pnwkv IΩ- n-bpss taep \nb- { Wm[nIm-chpw AXp-hgn k`-bn F n-kvtim- -kn- p apº-xzhpw hy -am-ip- p- v.

8 80- mw hip- n amt\-pnwkv IΩ- n-bpss {]kn-u v ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbpw sshkv {]kn-u p-am `c- W-ap F m sa{xm- m-cm-ip- p-sh pw Atkm-kn-tb-j amt\-pnwkv IΩn n ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbvt m At±-l-Øns A`m-h-Øn sshkv {]kn-u p-am t m Ah hnfn p Iq mø ] w IΩn n AwK-ß-fn ]Ip-Xn- t] t m hnfn- p-iq- m-hp- -Xm-sW- nepw amt\-pnwkv IΩn- n-bpss Hcp tbmkhpw Hcp sa{xm-t m-eo- Øm-bpsS A y X-bn-e- msx IqSp-hm km y-a- -sb v 81- mw hip p {]Im-chpw hy -am- n-bn-cn- p- - Xn \n v k`-bpss F n-kvtim- `cw apºxzw hy -am-ip- p- v. k`-bnse F n-kvtim- `c-wm-[n- Imcw k`-bnse as m-cw-k-øn\pw Uen-tK v snøp-hm ]msn- m-sb- Xv k`-bpss F n-kvtim- AZzn-Xo-b- Xsb FSp-Øp-Im- p- p. b) k`-bpss ]W-Øns DØ-c-hmZn F m 83- mw hip- p-{]-imcw ae- c k`-bpss ]Ww GsX- nepw Imcy-Øn\v sne-hm-t - n-bn-cp- m AXn\v F n-kvtim- kp -l-tzm-kns `qcn-]- hpw amt\-pnwkv IΩn- n-bnse ta - - m Hgn- p tijw AwK-ß-fpsS `qcn-]- hpw tbmpn-t - -Xm-Ip- p-sh v hyh-ÿ-sn-ø-s n-cn- p- Xv k`-bnse F n-kvtim- -kn-bpss A\n-hm-cy-Xbpw F n-kvtim- -knbpw tijw P\-ßfpw XΩn-ep Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb ]c-kv]-c-]q-c- I-Xzhpw hy -am- p- -Xm-Wv. 84- mw hip v A\p-k-cn v kap-zm-bw-hi hchp sne-hp-i-fpss Imcy-Ønepw ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bv mwv DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzw. amt\-pnwkv IΩn- n-bpss A\p-a-Xn-tbmsS ]Ww sne-hm- -W-sa v ]d-bp- p-s - nepw AXymh-iy-Øn\v Hcp \n nx XpI ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbv v kz -ambn sne-hm- mw. A mcyw ASpØ amt\-pnwkv IΩn n tbmk-øn {]kvxm-hn- m axn-sb pw hyhÿ snbvxn-cn- p- p. AXm-bXv ae- c sa{xm-t m-eoø AXym-hiy kμ `-ß-fn sne-hm- p ]W-Øn\v HutZym-Kn-I-ambn amt\-pnwkv IΩn- nbpss AwKo-Im-ctam A\p-a-Xntbm Bh-iy-an- m-ø-xn-\mepw k`-bnse as mcp amt\-pnwkv IΩn n AwK-Øn\pw k`-hi ]Ww ssibn kq n- p-hm Ah-Im-i-an- m-ø-xn-\mepw k`-bpss ]W-Øn-\p-ta F n-kvt m- m-bv p A[n-Imcw GI-]- o-b-am-wv. k`-bpss AXy- ni kz`mhw AXns F n-kvtim- -kn-bn-em-ip p F v hy -am- p- p. c) k`m-h-kvxp- -fpss DS-a-ÿ k`-bv p-th n hkvxp-hm-ßp-itbm k`m-hkvxp IS-s -Sp-Øp-Itbm hn p-itbm snøp-s - n amt\- PnwKv IΩn- n-bp-ssbpw F n-kvtim- kn\-un-s bpw `qcn-]- m-`n-{]m-b-{]-imcw Xocp-am\w FSp- m-hp- XmWv F v 85- mw hip- n ]d-bp- p. F m AXv Iq p-{s-ãn Dƒs hkvxp-hm-sw- n ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo- Ømbpw Iq p-{s-ãn-ifpw Hcp-an v {]amww Fgp-Xnt - -Xm-sW pw AX- msx ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbpss {SÃn Dƒs - -Xm-sW- n ae- c sa{xm-t m-eoø X\n v {]am-w-sa-gptx -Xm-sW pw ChnsS hyhÿ-bp- v. GXp-X-c-Øn-em-bmepw ae- c F n-kvtim- kp -l-tzm-kns `qcn-]- m-`n-{]m-b-{]-im-cta IcWw snøp-hm Xocp-am-\n- -phm t]mepw km[n- p-i-bp p F pw ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-ø-bpss {SÃp-Iƒ a v amt\-pnwkv IΩn n AwK-ß-fpsS Bcp-sSbpw t]cn {]am-w-sa-gp-xm-sx, ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bpss t]cn am{xw Fgp-Xn-bm axn-sb- Xpw k`-bpss kzøp- sf kw_- n- p F n-kvtim- AXy- n-ix kqnn- n- p- p. (Episcopal finality) d) D]-k-an-Xn-I-fpsS A y- `cwls\ 86- mw hip- -\p-k-cn v hnzym-`ym-kw, ss^\m kv XpSßn k`bv v Bh-iy-ap kwk-xn-iƒ v k_v IΩ- n-isf \nb-an- p-hm amt\-pnwkv IΩn- n v A[n-Im-c-ap- v. F m B \nb-a-\-߃ km[p-hm-i- W-sa- n F n-kvtim- kn\-uns A\p-aXn (Approval) A\p-t]- -Wo-b-am-sW pw A{]-Imcw \nb-an- -s -Sp Hmtcm k_v-i-ω- n-bp-ssbpw {]kn-u v Hcp sa{xm-t m-eoø Bbn-cn- -W-sa pw ChnsS hyh-ÿbp- -Xn-\m k`-bpss kmº-øni kmaqly ZuXy-߃ F n-kvtim- -kn-bpss A[n-Imc ]cn-[n- p- n-emwv (Within the limits of episcopal authority) \n n-]vx-am-bn-cn- p- -sx- Xv k`-bn F n-kvtim- -kn-bpss apº- XzsØ (Primary) kqnn- n- p- p. e) {]h ØI kan-xn-bpss A y- ae- c sa{xm-t m-eoø {]kn-u pw F n-kvtim- kp -l-tzm-kn-\m Xnc-s -Sp- -s -Sp Hcp ta - - m-c\pw kap-zmb {SÃn-Ifpw Atkm-kn-tb-j sk{i- -dnbpw Ah-cpsS Btem-N-\-tbmsS ae- c sa{xmt m-eoø \nb-an- p a v A v AwK-ßfpw Dƒs -Sp- -XmWv k`-bpss {]h Ø-I-k-anXn (Working committe). a v AwK-߃ amt\-pnwkv IΩn- n-bn \n p- -h-c-s - n Ah {]h Ø-I-k-anXn AwK-ß-fm-bn-cn- p- n- StØmfwImew amt\-pnwkv IΩn n AwK-߃IqSn Bbn-cn- pw. amt\-pnwkv IΩn- n-bpss \n -b-߃ A\p-kcn v Imcy-߃ \n Δ-ln- p-hm-\p- -h-cm-wv Ch. F m Cu Imcy-\n Δ-lW kan-xn v AXym-h-iy-L- - Øn amt\-pnwkv IΩn- n-bpss A\p-aXn {]Xo- n- p-sim pw ASpØ amt\-pnwkv IΩn- n-bn Ah-X-cn- n v A\p-aXn hmßn- p-hm km[n- -Ø- -hn[w ap ta AXym-h-iy-Im-cy-߃ \n Δ-ln- m-hp- Xpw BIp- p.

9 88- mw hip- p-{]-imcw ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bpss Btem-N-\m-k-an-Xn-IqSn Bbn-cn- p Cu {]h ØI - k-anxn k`-bpss hfsc {][m-\-s Hcp kanxn Bbn-cn- p- Xpw AXns apgp-h \nb-{ -Whpw ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bnepw F n-kvtim- kp -l-tzm-knepw \n n-]vx-am-bn-cn- p- -Xn-\mepw CXv k`-bpss F n-kvtim- -kn-bpss apº-xzsø FSp-Øp-Im- p- p. ÿm\-\ym-tb\ k`-bpss sshzni {SÃnbpw Aflmb {SÃnbpw Atkm-kn-tb-j sk{i- -dnbpw CXn Dƒs - n- p- v. IqSmsX CubnsS Bbn k`-bnse F m sa{xmk\ sk{i- -dn-am-scbpw Cu kan-xn-bn-te v hnfn- m-dp-s - nepw AXv ÿm\-\ym-tb-\-bp `c-w-l- S\m hnh- n-x-amb Imcy-a-, ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bpss kz -amb \n Æ-b-Øn (Discretion) s]sp Hcp Imcy-am-Wv. Chn-sSbpw F n-kvtim- -kn-bpss apº-xz-amwv D -Xv. f) ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bpss Akn-Ã v ae- c Atkm-kn-tb-j-\m sxc-s -Sp- -s t m ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bm t\man-t\ v snø-s t m ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbv v Hcp Akn-Ã v D m-bn-cn- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. AXv Hcp ta - - m-c Xs Bbncn- -W-sa v `c-w-l-s\ hnh- n- p- n-s - nepw km[m-c-w-bmbn F n-kvtim- kp -l-tzm-kn \n v sa{xmt m-eo-ømsb Akn-Ã v Bbn Atkm-kn-tb-j sxc-s -Sp- p-itbm ae- c sa{xm-t m-eoø t\mant\ v snøp-itbm BWv ]Xn-hm-bn-cn- p- -Xv. Sn. Akn-Ã v {]h ØI kan-xn-bnepw amt\-pnwkv IΩn- nbnepw ÿm\-\ym-tb-\-bp AwK-am-bn-cn- pw. Chn-sSbpw F n-kvtim- -kn-bpss apº-xz-amwv k` Imem-Ime-ß-fmbn ]n p-s-cp ]mc-º-cyw.