A`bw hm jn-i- pkvxiw

Transcription

1 A`bw 2015 hm jn-i- pkvxiw

2 A`bw 2015 hm jni pkvxiw {]km-[i F.-B. kn p (am-t\-pnwkv {SÃn) No^v FUn- AUz. Kncojv Fkv. \mb ({]-kn-u v, A`-b kvamc-ti-{μw {SÃv) h nwkv FUn- A Pp cmpv ]memgn ]{Xm-[n-]-k-anXn _n. kp\n (sk-{i- -dn) F.-B. km_p Sn.-F-kv. _m_p-cmpv ]n.-f-kv. cmtpjv cmlp cm[m-ir-jvw cmlq {]kmzv Aa Pn IrjvW Ih cmlp cm[m-ir-jvw A Sn If hn-j, Im n-c- n A`-b kvamc-i-ti{μw {SÃv cpn-ã \º 3/14 Bk No.4 kmhn{xn hosv, ]m p-]m-d, s]m Ip w ]n.-h. tim bw t^m : , mailtoabhayan@gmail.com website: Not for sale : free of cost

3 apj- p-dn v A`-bs PohnXw A]q W-am-Wv F txm e A`-b kvamciti{μ-øns (ASK) ]nd-hn v ImcWw. 22 h jsø Npcp-ßnb Ime-L wsim p- Xs kz w Pohn-X-Øns A w Is -Øm\pw kaq-l-øn\v shfn- -am-hm\pw A`-b\v Ign- n-cp- p. AXp-sIm- p-xs A]q W-am-b-Xns ]q Øo-I-c-Wa ASK-s e yw; ]q W-X-bpsS XpS- -bmwv. A`b F Du -kz-e-\mb bphm-hv ssih taj-e- Ifpw Db Øn-s m p h {]Xn-`-Ifpw Ahn-S-hn-S-ßfn krjvsn-s -SpØ kplr-zvh-e-b-ßfpw \nc-h-[n-bm-wv. A`-b snbvxn-cp- -Xpt]m-se-Xs Cu kplr-zvhebß-fpss IÆn-s]m- msx ImØv, kaq-l-øn\pw \ \mtfbv pw shfn- -am-hp {Inbm-fl-Ihpw k m-fl-ihp-amb {]h Ø-\-߃ Gs -Sp- m ASK\v Ign-tb- - Xp- v. h j-øn-sem-cn- \S- p HØp-tN-c-en Ah-km-\n-t - -X ASKs {]h Ø\߃. AXn\v XpS -bp- m-hww. Ie, kmln-xyw, `mj, Ncn-{Xw, kmaq-ln-i-]-t-\w, cmjvsobw, DXv]m-Z-\, tkh-\-ta-j-e- Iƒ XpS-ßnb taj-e-i-fn-sems ]T-\-ßfpw k{in-bamb CS-s]-S-ep-Ifpw \S-Øm \ap- m-hww. "A`bw 2015' CØ-c-Øn-ep \nc-h[n hnj-b-߃ N -sn-øm- \p thzniqsn-bm-wv. Cu {]kn- o-i-cww "A`-bw- 2014's bpw XpS p Hcp h jsø {SÃns {]h Ø-\-ß-fpsSbpw Hcp dnt m mwv. \ΩpsS {]h Ø-\-ß-fpsS tcj-\-øn\pw ]p\ hm-b-\bv pw CXv D]-I-cn- p-sa v Icp-Xp- p. No^v FUn-

4 D -S w 1 {]`m-j-w-߃ si.-f. cho-{μ-\myv - - (A y {]kwkw)... 6 {]`mxv ]Sv\m-bnIv (A\p-kva-c-W-{]-`m-jWw) _Z-et\zjW߃ Nc-a-Zn-\m-N-cWw t]mepw cmjv{sob {]h Ø-\-amWv Xob- l v lm v A m v _m Uv hmb-\-im-e-iƒ ItºmfkwkvIm-cØns\-Xnsc ae-_m ao vkv, hb-\msv {]Ir-Xn-Irjn F {]Xn-tcm[w ssa t] t^m F anj Hcp _Z am[yaw F \ne-bn PAG _Z-ens cmjv{sobw A`-bs\ Ah Hm Ø-t mƒ A`bw _Z cmjv{so-b-øns km y-x-iƒ A`-bs Xqen-I-bn \n v IpXnc tamtwm BIvSv Hm Ω Hcp IØv crvpnøv tpmhm ways to peacefully run the hall A o n amkni A`-b kvamci ti{μw (ASK) h jsø dnt m pw hchpsnehpiw pw

5 5 {]`m-j-w-߃

6 _Z cmjv{sobkm[y-xbpw \ΩpsS _m y-xbpw si.-f. cho-{μ-\myv (A`bw 2014 \SØnb A y {]kwkw) tim {Kkpw _n.sp.]nbpw \ΩpsS cmpyøv C p c v {][m-\-s apjy-[mcmcmjv{sob ]m n-i-fm-wv (Mainstream Political Parties). Ign ap Xv h j-ambn Cu c v ]m n-iƒ pw H v `cn- p-hm-\p `qcn-] w In n-bn-cp- n-. B kml-n-cy-øn Ah c v ap -Wn-Iƒ D m- ns m- mwv Ign aq v ]Xn- m pw C y `cn- -Xv. F m, tum. {]`mxv ]Sv\m-bnIv Nq n- m- n-b-xp-t]m-se, \hen_-d (Neo-liberal Policies) \b-߃ p-th n \ne-sim- p Ccp-ap- -Wn-Ifp-sSbpw kmº-øn-i-\bw (Economic Programme) H p-x-s -bm-sw- -XmWv hmkvx-hw. Ign ap Xv h jsø CS-th-f-bv p-ti-jw, BZy-am-bn, Hscm cmjv{so-b-]m n v H v `cn- p-hm-\p `qcn- ] w e`n- p kml-ncyw 2014 temivk`m Xncs -Sp-t m-sp-iqsn C ybn D m-bn. 280 tesd ko p-iƒ t\sn-s m v 6

7 _n.sp.]n. Cu Xnc-s -Sp- n-eqss A[n-Im-c-Øn-se-Øn. F n t mepw, Xnc-s -Sp- n\v ap ]v Ah-cp- m- nb cmjv{so-b-k-jy߃ piqsn {]mxn-\n[yw \ In-bmhpw `cww \S-Øp-I-sb v _n.sp]n. {]Jym-]n- n- p- v. AX-\p-k-cn- v, Kh sa v cq]o-i-c-wk-abøv Nne {]mxn-\n-[y-߃ h n- p-ap- v. adp-h-iøv, tim {Kkv Ah-cpsS Ncn-{X-Øn-en- m-ø-xp-t]m-ep henb Hcp XI -sb-bmwv A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn- p- -Xv. B XI -bpss ^e-am-bn temi-k-`-bn Hcp HutZym-KnI{]Xn-] w F ÿm\wt]mepw \jvs-s -Sp ÿnxn-bn Ah-sc-Øn-\n p- p. F m, CS-Xp-]m n-ifpw Cu Xnc-s -Sp- n henb Xncn- Snt\cn p F -XmWv bmym yw. CS-Xp-I- n-ifnse {]apjcmjv{so-b-]m n-bmb kn. ]n. sf (Fw) \v temi-k-`bnse {]mxn-\n[yw ho pw Ipd- p. CØ-c-samcp cmjv{sob kml- N-cy-amWv cmpyøv C v \ne-\n p- -Xv. temi-k`mxnc-s -Sp- p-^-e-߃ kq v-a-ambn hni-i-e\w snbvxm HcpImcyw hy -am-hpw. bp. ]n. F Kh sa n-t\msv kl- I-cn \nc-h[n ]m n-iƒ CØ-h-Wbpw tim {K-kn-s\m w\n v Xncs -Sp- ns\ t\cn- p. Ah-cn PmXnsb Du n \n p ]m n-ifp-ap- v. CØcw I n-i-sfms XI -Sn-bp ImgvNbmWv \mw I -Xv. DØ {]tz-in apem-bw-knwkv bmz-hns kampvhmzn ]m n (SP), ambm-h-xn-bpss _lp-p kampvhmzn]m n (BSP), _olm-dn P\-Xm-Zƒ bpssw Uv (JDU) F n-h-sbms t\cn I\Ø ]cm- Pbw DZm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv. AtX-k-abw _n.sp.]n.sb FXn Øv Xncs -Sp- n a -cn v 3 {]mtz-ini]m n-iƒ ani hnpbw t\sn-bxpw \mw I p. Xan-gv\m- n Pb-e-fn-X-bpsS F.sF.F.Un.Fw. si. (AIADMK)bpw _wkm-fn aaxm _m\ Pn-bpsS {XnW-aq tim {Kkpw (TC) Hdo-k-bn _npp P\-Xm-Zfpw (BJD) CØ-c-Øn Ah-c-h-cpsS kzm[o-\-i n \ne-\n Ønb {]mtz-inii n-i-fm-wv. B{ -bn sxep- m\ kwÿm\cq]o-i-c-wtøm-s-\p-_- n- p- mb kw`-h-hn-im-k-ß-sf-øp-s v sxep- ptziw ]m n (TDP) _n.-sp.-]n-bp-ambn sfiy-ap- m n a -cn- p. CtX-Øp-S v sxep- ptziw ]m n v hnime B{ kwÿm-\øv Ah-cpsS kzm[o-\- i n \ne-\n Øm\pw Ign- p. Xnc-s -Sp- n\ptijw n.un.]n t\xmhv apjy-a-{ n-bmbn kxy-{]-xn snbvxv A[n-Im-c-ta-s -Sp- p- Xpw \mw I p. Cß-s\, C y-bpss cmjv{sob`q]-s-øn henb am -߃ v hgn-h Xnc-s -Sp- mwv IS- p-t]m-b-xv. 7

8 A`bw 2014 s kz v _n.-sp.-]n. `cn- p-hm-\p `qcn-] w H v t\sn-bxv Fßs\-bm-sW pw \mw ]cn-tim-[n-t - -Xp- v. C y C tim -td vkv (India Incorporates) F v am[y-a-߃ hnti-jn- n- p C y-bnse IpØI Iº-\n-I-fpsS Adn-thmSpw Bin -hmztømspw IqSn-bmWv Ah Xnc- -Sp- ns\ t\cn- -Xv. CXn {it -b-amb Hcp hkvxpx Hfn- pin-s- p- v. C y C tim -td vkv _n. sp. ]n. v A\p-Iqe-amb \ne-]msv ssis m- -t mƒ CXp-hsc C y cmjv{so-b-øn kzoi-cn \b-k-ao-]-\-ß-fn \n pw Ah hyxn-n-en- p-i-bmwv D mb-xv. apºp Xnc-s -Sp- p-i-fn, _p n-]q Δw Hcp ZznI- n-kw- {º-Zmb (Two Party System) Øn\v A\p-Iq-e-amb kml-ncyw Ch krjvsn- n-cp- p. Ccp]m n-i-sf-bpw, Ah t\xrxzw \ Ip Ccp ap -Wn-I-sfbpw tim -td v C y Hcp-t]mse ]n m-ßn. Ch-bn GXv ]m n A[n-Im-c-Øn-se-Øn-bmepw \h-en-_-d \b-߃ \S- nem- m Ch Hcp kω- ±-i- n-bmbn \ne-sim- p-ibpw snbvxn-cp- p. Hcp I n A[n-Im-c-Øn-en-cn- p- -Xns ^e-ambn P\-hn-Imcw Ah s -Xn-cm-bm, {]Xn-]- -Øn-cn- p I n ASpØ Xnc-s - Sp- n `cww Iøm-fpw. At mgpw tim -td v C y-bpss XmXv]-cy߃ kwc- n- -s -Spw. F m, Cu Xnc-s -Sp- n Ccp-I- n-i-sfbpw ]n m-ßp 8

9 ]Xnhpkao-]-\-Øn \n pw hyxy-kvx-am-bn, _n.-sp.-]n pw Ah-cpsS ap -Wn pw A\p-Iq-e-amb \ne-]m-smwv C y C tim -td vkv ssis m- -Xv. AXn\v \nc-h[n Imc-W-ß-fp- v. c mw bp.]n.f Kh sa ns Ah-km\\mfp-I-fm-b-t m-tg pw Kh sa n\pw ]m n pw FXnsc i -amb P\-hn-Imcw Db p-h- p. cmpyøv 2004 apx hsc-bp h j-ß-fn-ep- mb Pn.-Un.-]n. 1 hf (G D P Growth) XpS-cm Ign-bmØ kml-ncyw h p. AXn \n pw Ct mgpw \mw ap -am-bn- n-. bp.]n.f. Kh sa n-s\bpw tim {Kkn-s\bpw kmc-ambn _m[n as m v Agn-a-Xn-bm-Wv. hnhn[ AgnaXn tikp-i-fn-embn ]e bp.-]n.f a{ n-amcpw {]Xn-I-fmbn timsxnibdn. CXp-hsc cmpyw I n- n- mø hn[-øn e - -W- n\v timsn cq]-bpss Agn-aXn Btcm-]-W-߃hsc D -bn- -s - p. CXn-sems KpW-t`m- m- -fpss \nc-bn-em-bn-cp p tim -td v C y. F m Agn-a-Xn pw Zp `-c-w-øn-\p-sa-xnsc P\-tcm-j-ap-b -t mƒ Ch Xs B P\-tcm-jsØ Bfn- -Øn- p- -Xn\p klm-b-ßfpw snbvxp-sim-sp-øp. cmjv{sobt\xrxzw am{x-a- DtZym-K-ÿ-hr- -Ønepw (Bureaucracy) Agn-a-Xn-bpsS Id]pc- p. sk{i- dnxe-ønep -h t]mepw tikp-i-fn s p. Nne hyh-kmb{]ap-jcpw Ch-tcm-sSm w Btcm-]- W-hn-t[-b-cm-bn. CØcw Hcp kml-ncyw h -txmss bp.-]n.f. `c-w- Øns Ah-km\h j-ß-fn Ah v `c-w-øn-t -ep ]nsn-xs \jvs-s - p. Kh sa v ]e \b-]-c-amb Xoc-am-\hpw ssis m- msx, `cww ac-hn Ah-ÿ-bn-embn F v tim -td v C ybpw am[ya-ßfpw _n.-sp.-]n-bp-sa mw Btcm-]-W-ap- -bn- Xv Cu ] m-ø-e-ønem-wv. c mw bp.]n.f. Kh sa ns Ah-km-\-Im-e-L- -Øn apxn DtZym-K-ÿ ]ecpw Agn-a-Xn-t -kp-i-fn {]Xn-I-fmbn hcp kml-ncyw ]Xn-hm-bn. AtXmsS DtZym-K-ÿcpsS `mk-øp- \n pw Ipd-s ms \n -l-i-c-w-a-t\m-`m-hhpw D m-bn. CXv ti{μ- `-c-w-øn ac-hn v hcm CS-bm- n. Zp `-cww am{x-a ; `c-wta C F kml-ncyw hsc-sbøn Imcy-߃. CXn-s -sbms ^eambn P\-߃ n-s-bn \m\m-hn-[-øn-ep FXn pw Db p. 1. Gross Deomestic Production (GDP):- samø B`y- c DXv]m-Z\w Hcp cmpyøv Hcp kmº-øn-i-h jw DXv]m-Zn- n- p km[-\-tk-h-\-ß-fpss BsI XpI. 9

10 A`bw 2014 {ItaW AsXmcp s]m n-sø-dn-bpss Ah-ÿ-bn-se-Øn. am[y-a߃ Spontaneous 2 F v ]d-bp Imcy-߃ hcp- Xv Cu ] m-ø-e-ønem-wv. U ln Iq -_-em- w-k-øns ka-bøpw Agn-a-Xn-hn-cp {]t m-`-ß-fpss ka-b-øp-sams \Ωƒ Cu Ahÿ I -Xm-Wv. P\-߃ ]e-t mgpw `c-w-iq-s-øn-s\-xnsc tcmjm-ip-e-cmbn s]m n-sødn- p. CXn-s -sbms ^e-am-bmwv Ccp-ap- -Wn-I-sfbpw Hcp-t]mse klm-bn mw F ap \n-e-]msv C y C tim -td vkv Xncp-Øp- Xpw XnI Hcp he-xp-]- -ho- -W-ap _n.-sp.-]nsb A[n-Imc-Øn-se-Øn- m AXn-i- -amb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ \S-Øp- -Xpw. CXn\v hntz-i-]-whpw (INTERNATIONAL FINANCE) Hcp]cn-[n-hsc Imc-Wam-bn- p- v. ^mivsn (FACT) \S kacwxs DZm-l-c-W-am-sb-Sp- mw. B ^mivs-dn-bpss \ne-\n p-ambn _ -s ka-c-amwv AhnsS \S- -Xv. 2. Spontaneous: Of one s free will; voluntry, kza-\- m-se-bp-, ]c-t{]-cw IqSmsX-bp. 10

11 ]p\:kwl-sn- n- -s -Sp he-xp-]- -i- n-iƒs -Xnsc kwl-sn-x-ambn {]Xn-I-cn- -Ww B.Fkv.F n-\p nepw henb am -߃ h p-sim- n-cn- p ka-b-am-wn-xv. CXn\v t\xrxzw \ Ip- -Xm-hs B. Fkv. F ns {]apj t\xmhv taml `KvhXv BWv. "Imc-sh ' F {]kn- o- I-c-W-Øn B.-F- v. F n-\p- n h p-sim- n-cn- p am -ßsf- n {]Xn-]m-Zn- p \s mcp tej\w ASp-ØnsS {]kn- o-i-cn- ncp- p. B tej-\-øn, B Fkv. F v C v t\cn-sp {]Xn-k- n- Isf Fß-s\-bmWv AXn-Po-hn-t - Xv F -Xn taml `K-Xn-\p ImgvN- mspw hni-z-am- n-bn- p- v. ]gb sslμhcmpm- - m-cp-ssbpw sslμh ^yqu-en-k-øns bpw aqey-ßsf Db Øn- n-sn- p kwl-s-\-bmwv B.Fkv.Fkv. F m, apx-em-fn-ø-i- n-iƒ C y-bn thcp-d- n- p- -Xn-\mbn ]n p-s-cp- Xv apx-em-fnø aqey-ßfpw Itºmf kº-zvhy-h-ÿ-bpss (Market Economy) aqey-hy-h-ÿ-bp-am-wv. Ch XΩn henb s]mcp- Ø-t -Sp-I-fp- v. CXv kwl-s-\ v D nepw hfsc hy -ambn {]Xn- ^-en- p- p- v. apx-em-fnø-hn-imkw apt m v t]mipw-txmdpw Itºmf kº-zvl-s-\-bpss aqey-hy-h-ÿ, B.Fkv.Fkv. ]Xn- m- p-i-fmbn ]n p-s n-cp aqeyhyh-ÿsb ]Xnsb ]nt m v X p {]{Inbbpw {]I-S-am-Wv. Cßs\ sshcp- y-߃ n-s-bn-eq-ss-bmwv cmjv{sob kzbw tkhiv kwlv apt m- p-t]m-hp- -Xv. B.Fkv.Fkv. F {]ÿm-\-øns Ncn{Xw F m-sw v F m-h p-a-dn-bmw {_o o-jv`-c-w-im-e-ømwv sluvk-hm Cu kwl-s\ ÿm]n- p- -Xv. {]mcw`ime-l- -Øn Xs tziob kzmx{ y {]ÿm-\sø `n n- n- m\pw A n-a-dn- m-\p-ap kwl-sn- X-{i-a-߃ Ah-cpsS `mk-øp-\n- p-ap- mbn. AXns `mk-am-bn v A v Ah Db Øn- n-sn h Æm-{iaXXz-ßfpw B.Fkv.F ns aqeyhy-h-ÿ-bn-ep- v. \yq\-]- -Øn-s\-Xnsc B.Fkv.Fkv \S-Øn-bn- p A{I-a-߃ F m-h p-a-dn-bmw. ZfnXv XpS-ßn-b-h Ah-cpsS Xm ]-cy-߃ -\p-k-cn v \n p-sim-sp-øn- p-ap- v. Cß-s\-sbm-s bp Ncn-{X-ap B.Fkv.F mwv BtKm-f-h-XvI-c-W-Øns Cu Ime-L- -Øn "]pxp-xmbn ]p\:kwl-sn- n- m ' Hcp-ßp- -Xv. "]pxp-xmbn ]p\:kwl-sn- n- pi' F ]Zw taml `KvhXv Xs Hcp A`n-ap-J-Øn ]d- n- p- -Xm-Wv. _n.sp.]nsbbpw B.Fkv. F n-s\bpw ]p\:kwl-sn- n- pi F tpmen-bmwv At±lw Ct mƒ snbvxpsim n-cn- p- -Xv. Cu ]p\:kwl-s\m{inb- 11

12 bn-eqss (REFORM PROCESS) \h- -en-_-d kn m- -߃ Db Øn- n- Sn- p Hcp XnI hexp-] cmjv{so-b- -km-aq-lnii n-bmbn B.-F-kv.Fkv. amdm t]mhp-i-bm-wv. B i n-sb-bmwv \Ωƒ FXn t - -sx ImgvN- mspw t_m[yhpw CS-Xp-]- -]m n-iƒ pw P\m-[n-]Xy hnizm-kn-iƒ pw sxmgn-emfnkwl-s-\-iƒ pw I j-icp-ts-x-s- -ap A zm-\n- p P\-hn-`m-K-ß-fpsS {]ÿm-\-߃ pw D m-th- -Xp v. \tc-{μ-tamzn kº-zvhy-h-ÿsb kw_- n v FSp- p-hm t]mip- Xv {]mtbm-kni (PRAGMATIC) \b-ß-fm-hp-sa v At±lwXs hy -am- n-bn- p- v. {]mtbm-kni kao-]\w ssis m pw F hmz- Øn-\ w henb ssk m- n-i-\n-e-]m-sp-i-fn-te-s m pw t]mhp- n F -Xm-Wv. ]t, Cu {]mtbm-kn-i-hm-z-øns ad-hn \h- -en-_- d 3 \b-߃ ^e-{]-z-ambn \S- m- m-\mwv tamzn {ian- p- -Xv. Cu \b-ß-fm-hs km[m-cw P\-ß-fpsS XmXv]-cy-߃ v IS-I-hn-cp- ambnhcm t]mhp-i-bm-wv. AXv Cu P\-hn-`m-K-ß-fn henb Akw- Xr-]vXn-bp- m pw F Imcy-Øn kwi-b-an-. F m Akw-L- Sn-X-ambn \n p Cu P\-hn-`m-K-߃ v kwl-sn-x-ambn \ne-sim- p tim -td v C ysb sndpøv txm n- m-\m-hn-. XnI he-xp-]- -]m n-bmbn amdn-s m- n-cn- p _n.-sp.-]n.iqsn Cu ] Øv tncp-tºmƒ FXn tncn kpi- -am-hpw. B i n-isf sndp- -Ø- -hn-[-øn CS-Xp-]- -kw-l-s-\-ifpw kv{xokw-l-s-\-ifpw bph-p-\-{]-ÿm-\-ß-fp-sams H -s - mbn amtd- -Xp- v. Ah-cpsS XmXv]-cy-߃s -Xn-cmbnhcp \b-ßsf kwl-s\ Iq mbn FXn Øm am{xta Cu kml-n-cy-øn ^e-{]-z-amb Hcp _Z krjvsn- m \ap- m-hq. Cu _Z-ep-ambn _ -s v ssis m-t kmº-øni\b-ßfp- v. AXv \ne-hnse Un^vtf-j-Wdn \b-߃ v (DEFLATION- ARY POLICY) 4 FXn-sc-bp- -Xm-h-Ww. sxmgn-em-fn-ifpw sndp-ins DXv]m-Z-Icpw I j-i-cp-a-s-ßp kmaq-ln-i-ambn Zp _-e-cmb P\-hn- `m-k-ßsf klm-bn- p \bw \Ωƒ Db Øn- n-sn-t - -Xp- v. CXns -sbms `mk-ambn Db p-h-cp {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-]-c-amb Imcyß-fp-ap- v Neo-liberalism- \h-d-zm-co-i-cww 4- Deflationary ploicy- ]W-tim-jW \b-߃ 12

13 km[m-c-w- m-cmb P\-hn-`m-K-߃ kwl-s-\-bn-te v hc-ww. Ah-cpsS Poh {]-iv\-߃s -Xn-cmb i -amb t]mcm- -߃ \S- Øp-Ibpw thww. AtXm-sSm- w, Cu t]mcm- -߃ C sø BtKmf- -tz-iob kml-n-cy-ß-fn ^e-{]-z-am- m Ign-b-Ø hn[-øn-ep XmXznI N -I-fn-te pw \mw kpo-h-ambn IS- p-sn-t - -Xp- v. Ncn- {Xm-\p-`-h-߃ Ah-tem-I\w snøp-ibpw ]pxnb A\p-`-h-߃ hcptºmƒ AXn i -ambn CS-s]-Sp-Ibpw thww. {]iv\-ßfpw {]Xnk- n-ifpw hcp-tºmƒ AXn Fßs\ CS-s]-S-W-sa pw GXv kao- ]\w ssis m- -W-sa- Xpsams kw_- n v hnim-e-amb N - I-fn-eqsS Hcp tbmpn pw sfiyhpw D m- n-s m v htc- -Xp- v. tamzn A[n-Im-c-ta-s -Sp-Ø-tijw BZy-sa-SpØ GXm\pw Xocp-am- \-߃ {it -b-am-wv. At±-l-Øns kxy-{]-xn- m-n-s-ßn ]m nÿm-s\bpw _w m-tz-in-s\bpw A^v-Km-\n-ÿm-s\bpw a v km v cmpyß-sf-bp-sams Wn- p. CXn-t\m-S-\p-_- n v C ybpw Cu cmpy-ßfpw XΩn-ep _ -߃ sa -s -Sp-Øm {iaw \S- p-sim- n-cn- p- p. CXn-s\m pw CS-Xp-] w FXn-c-s v am{x-a, CØcw \o -ßsf A\p-Iq-en- p-ibpw snøp- p. F m, tamzn-bpss Ct mgsø Cu \o w tim -td v C y-bpss XmXv]-cy-ßsf kwc- n- m IqSn-bm-sW kwi-bhpw _e-s -Sp- p- v. AXn\v Imc-W-ßfp-ap- v. {][m-\-ambpw CXns\ C v \ΩpsS hymh-km-bn-i-cw-køv h n- p XI -bpss ] m-ø-e-øn hne-bn-cp-ø-ww. hyh-kmbn-i-cw-køv DW Δp- m-i-w-sa- n DXv]- -߃ v Itºmfw (MAR- KET) e`y-am-h-ww. Nne-hp-Np-cp- \S-]-Sn-I-fpsS ^e-ambn C ybnse am v C v apc-sn v \n p-i-bm-wv. Cu Ah-k-c-Øn hntz-i-am v ]nsn- pi F e y-øn-te v Ah IS- p-sn- - Xns ^e-am-hww Cu \o -ßsfms -bpw. CXv F{X-tØmfw hnpbn- p-sa v `mhn-bn I -dn-tb- -Xm-Wv. Ct mƒ Kh sa v ssis m- n-cn- p \b-øns `mk-ambn Cu cmpy-ß-sfm-s -bmbn hym]m-c-_- -ß-fnepw Icm-dp-I-fnepw G s -Sm-\mWv \o w. a v cmpyß-fp-ambn \ΩpsS kulm ±w sa -s -Sp-sa t\ w Cu \o -Øn- \p v. BtKmfapX-emfnØ {]Xn-k n Hcp ]pxnb taj-e-bn-te v {]th-in- p- -Xns ^e-ambn temi-cm-jv{so-b-{i-a-øn henb am - ߃ h p-sim- n-cn- p Hcp ka-b-am-wn-xv. [\-{]-Xn-k- nbn \n pw ]pd-øp-h-c-w-sa- n apx-em-fnø cmpy-߃ v IqSp-X Itºmfw ssiø-s-t - -Xp- v. AXn\v cmjv{s-߃ XΩn-ep _ w 13

14 \ne-hnse ÿnxn-bn \n pw am n Ah -\p-iq-e-amb ]cn-x-ÿnbn FØn- m-\p {ia-amwv apx-em-fnø i n-iƒ \S-Øp- -Xv. `oi-c-hm-z-øn-s\-xn-cmbn bp w {]Jym-]n- p-sim v Ata-cn \S-Øp \o -ßsf Cu ] m-ø-e-øn hmbn- -Ww. `oi-c-hmzw F v, Fßs\, Bcv Fs ms \n W-bn- p- Xv Ata-cn- - X-s -bm-wv. P\- ßsf Iq -tømss sim m-\p amc-im-bp-[-߃ Xøm-dm nh n-cn- p- p-sh Btcm-]-W-ap- -bn- mwv Ah Cdm-Jn k±mw lpssks\-xnsc A{I-a-W-a-gn- p-hn- -Xv. Cdm-Jn Hcp `c-w-am w (REGIME CHANGE) sim p-h-cn-i-sb- -Xm-bn-cp p Ah-cpsS e yw. AXv hnpb-i-c-ambn \S- m- nb Ata-cn jnb hn`m-k-øn\v {]mxn-\n-[y-ap Hcp Kh- -sa ns\ AhnsS Ah-tcm-[n- p. CtXm-sS-bm-Wv AhnsS jnb, kp n X w IqSp-X cq -am-b-xv. Ct mƒ, jnb hn`m-k- Øns ssiøn-ep _mkvzmzv AS- -ap {]tz-i-ß-fn-te v kp n dn_-ep-iƒ {]th-in- p- -Xm-bp hm Ø-I-fmWv h p-sim- n-cn- p- -Xv. sh\-kz-e-bnepw ÿnxn as m- -. AhnsS lyqtkm jmth-kns ac-wsø XpS v ]pxn-sbmcp Kh sa v A[n-Im-c-Øn-se-Øn-bn-cp- p. P\-Iob{]t m-`-߃ Db Øn-hn v AhnsS ho p-samcp A nadn kwl-sn- n- m-\p {ia-amwv Ct mƒ apx-em-fnøi n-iƒ \S- Øp- -Xv. CtX kml-n-cy-amwv {_ko-enepw \ne-\n p- -Xv. CuPn- ]vxv, en_n-b, kndnb XpS-ßnb cmpy-ß-fn-sems AXXv {]tz-i-ßfnse kml-n-cy-߃ -\p-k-cn- p CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ \S-Øm\pw Ch {ian- p-sim- n-cn- p- p. CØ-c-Øn X߃ -\p-iq-e-amb \ne-]msv ssis m- m asn- p `c-w-iq-s-ßsf am pi F {]{In-b-bn-te v Cw]o-cn-b-enkw (IMPERIALISM) hfsc kq va-ambn IS- p-sn- p kml-ncyw \ne-hn-ep- v. Ds{I-bn-\n-ep- m-bn-s m- n-cn- p {]iv\-ßfpw CtX kz`m-hap- -Xm-Wv. AhnsS sxc-s -Sp- n-eqss A[n-Im-c-Øn-se-Ønb Hcp Kh sa m-bn-cp- p `cww \S-Øn-bn-cp- -Xv. B `c-w-iqsw djy A\p-Iqe (PRO-RUSSIAN) \ne-]m-sp-i-fm-bn-cp p ssis m- n-cp- - Xpw. XpS v, A n-a-dn-bn-eqss A[n-ImcØnse-Ønb ^mknãv \ne- ]m-sp-iƒ ]n p-s-cp `c-w-iqsw `mjm-sn-ÿm-\-øn hnth-n-\-]-c-amb -\nc-h[n \S-]-Sn-Iƒ ssis m- p. djy `mj kwkm-cn- p P\-hn-`m-K-߃ v \nc-h[n {]iv\-ßsf A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t - n-h- p. \ne-hn, Ds{I-bn `mj kwkm-cn- p- -hcpw djy `mj kwkm-cn- p- -hcpw XΩn ChnsS kwl jw aq n v hcp- p- v. Cu {]iv\- 14

15 Øn djy CS-s]-Sm \n - n-x-am-hp-i-bmwv D m-b-xv. am{x-a-, djy-bpss {]Ir-Xn-hm-X-Ihpw a pw Ds{I-bn-\qsS IS- p-t]m-hp Ipg-ep-Iƒhgn-bmWv bqtdm- n-se-øp- -Xv. djy-bpss bqtdm-]y a v CXn-eqsS XI pi F KqV-e- y-tøm-sp-iq-sn-bmwv Atacn Ds{I-bn-\n CS-s]-Sp- -Xv. djy-bpss bqtdm-]y Itºmfw \ne- \n Øm-\p {ia-øns `mk-ambn bqtdm-]y cmpy-ß-fp-ambn _ - ߃ D m- n-h-cp- p- v. CXns ^e-ambn Ata-cn- -bpw bqtdm- ]y cmpy-ßfpw XΩn-ep _ w hj-fm-hp- Xpw B kml-ncyw ^e-{]-z-ambn hn\n-tbm-kn- m djy {ian- p- -Xp-amWv \mw ImWp- -Xv. ssn\sb hf-bpi F -XmWv Ata-cn- -bpss as mcp X{ w. F m, Ata-cn- -bpss Cu ]cn-]m-snsb {]Xn-tcm-[n- m ssn\- bpss ]pxnb Kh sa v {ian- p- p- v. ssn\okv {]kn-u v A[n- Im-c-ta-s -Sp-Ø-tijw bqtdm v kμ in- p-ibpw bqtdm v Ct mƒ t\cn- Sp amμy-øn \n pw Ic-I-b-dm X߃ m-hp- -sxms snømsa v Dd p \ Ip-Ibpw snbvxp. ]Icw ssn\- -\p-iq-e-amb \ne- ]msv bqtdm-]y cmpy-ß-fpss `mk-øp-\n- p- m-h-w-sa- -Xm-bn-cp p At±-l-Øns Bh-iyw. djybpw ssn\bpw XΩn-ep- m- nb Hcp hym]m-c- -cm A mcmjv{s cmjv{sobka-hm-iy-ßsf s]mfn-s -gp-xm tijn-bp H m- Wv. djy {]kn-u v ]psn\pw ssn\okv {]kn-u v knmv PnwMv ]nmpw jmwmv lmbn-bn h v D m- nb Icm {]Imcw djy-bpss {]Ir-Xn-hm-XIw ssn\ v \ Im-sa [mc-w-bn-se-øn timsn tumf-dns B Icm {]Imcw ssn\ {]Xn-^ew \ Ip- Xv AhcpsS Id kn-bmb bphm-\n Bhpw. \ne-hn FÆ-b-S- -ap DXv]- -ß-fpsS {Ib-hn-{Ibw \S- p- Xv A m-cmjv{s Id kn-bmb Atacn- tumf-dn-em-wv. ssn\bpw djybpw tn v H n Cu Icm-dneqsS Ata-cn- v AXp-sIm v Xs hen-sbmcp Xncn- -Sn-bmWv Ah \ In-b-Xv. bqtdm- v, 18 a[y Gjy dn -ªn- p-iƒ, djy, A^vKm-\n-ÿm, ]m n-ÿm, _w m-tz-iv, ssn\, C y, Ing- -t\-jy dn -ªnIv F n-h-sbms Dƒs m- n v hnim-e-amb Hcp bqtd-jy am v krjvsn-s -Sp- p- -Xn-te- mwv ssn\bpw djybpw \oßp- -Xv. Cßs\, BtKm-f-X-e-Øn D m-bn-s m- n-cn- p am -ß-fpsS ^e-ambn v C y Fhn-sS-bmWv \ne-bp-d- n- p-i-sb- p {]iv\-amwv tamznbpw tim -td v C ybpw A`nap-Jo-I-cn- m t]mhp- -Xv. \ne- 15

16 hn C y c v h n-bnepw Imep-h-bv p kao-]-\-amwv kzoi-cn v hcp- -Xv. kao-]-`m-hn-bn Xs C ybv v hy -amb Hcp \ne-]msv Cu cwkøv kzoi-cn-t - n-h-cpw. Cß-s\, km Δ-tZ-io-b-X-e-Øn h p-sim- n-cn- p am -ß-sfs m-s -bm-sw pw B am -ß-tfmSv tamzn Kh sa-s -Sp- p \bsa- m-sw pw AXv C y-bpss kml-n-cy-ß-fn-ep- m- p A\p-c- W-\-ß-sf-s m-s -bm-sw pw \mw ]Tn- p-ibpw Ah-tem-I\w snøp- Ibpw sntø- -Xp- v. CXv GsXms P\-hn-`m-K-ßsf A\p-Iq-eambn _m[n- p-sa pw GsXms h -߃ v Xncn- -Sn-bp- m-ipsa pw a\-kn-em n AXn-t\mSv {]Xn-I-cn- m \ap- m-h-ww. Aßs\ {]Xn-I-cn- m-\p tijn \ΩpsS kwl-snx t{suv bqwn-b {]ÿm- \-Øn-\p- v. F m-, km[m-cw sxmgn-em-fn-iƒ v Cu {]iv\-ß-sfms a\-kn-em- m\pw {]Xn-I-cn- m\pw tijn-bp- m-h-w-sa- n-. AXpsIm v Cu kml-n-cy-ß-sfms Ahsc ]Tn- n- pi F tpmen kwl-s-\-iƒ p- v. F m h -kw-l-s-\-ifpw _lp-p\{]ÿm-\- ßfpw B ISa \nd-th-t - -Xp- v. AXn-\p tijnbpw B hhpw \mw Im p- pt m F v Bfl-]-cn-tim-[\ \SØnthWw aptºm v \oßm. AXn-\p-th Adnhpw Ignhpw kzbw B n-s -Sp- m Xøm-dmbn aptºm- p-h-cm-\p _m[y-xbpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw \ap-t mtcm-cp-ø p-ap- v. 16

17 Hcp _Z Xo -bmbpw km yamwv {]`mxv ]Sv\m-bnIvv (A`bw 2014 \SØnb A\p-kva-cW {]`m-j-ww) AIm-eØn - s]m-en- kjm-hv- A`bs Ncahm -jn-iøns `m-kam-b skan-\m-dn - ]s Sp- m - Fs Wn- Xn - hfsc \μn-bp- v.- Chn-sS sndp- m - Gsdbp- Xp-sIm- v- Rm - F m-wv- ]dbm t]m-ip- sx v- ap -Iq- n- dbm - A - w- _p-zv-[n-ap- m-wv.- Rm - CØncn- ]gb Xeap-dbn -s bm-fm-wv.- Rm - D]tbm-Kn- p- `m-j C meøv- Bcpw- D]tbm-Kn- p- Xs v- Fs ai -Xs Ft m-sv- ]d n- p- v.- AØcØn-ep- `m-j C\n-bp- Im-eØv- B - pwa\kn-em-in-.- AXp-sIm- v- Hcp- {]`m-jww- \SØp- Xn-\p-]Icw- GXm- \pw- hn-jbßfn - Rm - Fßs\bm-Wv- Nn- n- p- sx v- \n-ßtfm-sv- Xp-d p-]dbm - {ian- mw.- asddm-cp-xcøn - ]d m - Ft m-ssm- w- Nn- n- p- Xn-\v- Rm - \n-ßsf Wn- p- p.- C m-eøv- hn-ik\sø n- \mw- \m-cm-fw- - tiƒ- p- p- v.- hn- Ik\Øn-s t]cn-em-wv- tam-un- A[n-Im-cØn-tedn-bXv.- F m-wv- Cuhn-Ik\w- A -Yam- p- Xv.- B`y- c sam-øw- D - m-z\øn-s (Pn- Un-]n-) Db - txm-xm-wv- hn-ik\sa m-wv- Iq-Sp-X -t]cpw- ]dbp- Xv.- hn-ik\sø Cu- cq-]øn - Im-Wp- Xn-s\ Hcn- - tum.- Aa - Xym- sk - hn-fn- Xv- [\hn-`høn- - am-{xw- {i ti{μo-icn- - F m- 17

18 A`bw 2014 {]`mxv ]Sv\m-bnIv A\p-kva-cW {]`m-jww \S-Øp p 18

19 Wv. as m-cp- hn-[øn - ]d m - [\am-bpw- tkh\am-bpw- kaqløn - e`y-am-ip- hn-`h߃- - IW n-sesp-.- hn-`hhn-]p-eo- IcWam-Wv- hn-ik\øn-s Im-sº m-wv- Cu- Bibw.- Ct mƒ- F m-hcpw- ]dbp- Xv- C y-bn - s]s p- hn-ik\ \n-c v- ASp-ØIm-eØv- CSn- p-sh m-wv.- hn-ik\øn-se Cu- CSnhv- Xm - am- m - t]m-ip- p-sh p-]d m-wv- tam-un- A[n-Im-cØn h Xv.- Im-cy-am-b hn-ik\w- \S Ign- Im-esØ IW v- \ap- v- ]cn-tim-[n- mw ap-x hscbp- Im-eØv- cm-py-øv- Db - hf - m-\n-c v- Bbn-cp- p.- Hm-tcm-h -jhpw- F p-ixam-\øntesd hf C m-ebfhn - B`y- c sam-ø D - m-z\hpw- Db - p.- Nc p-ifp-ssbpw- tkh\ßfp-ssbpw- D - m-z\w- hgn-bm-bp- hn- `hßfp-ss sam-øw- Xp-Ibpw- h -[n- p.- \ap- v \pw \pw- CSbn-ep- kv- m- n-kv- n-iv-kv- ]cntim-[n- mw.- C y - kv-yn-xn-hn-hc n-ibn - bq-jz - kv- m- kv- Fwtπm-bv-sa -dv-(bp-fkv-c) F v- A -Yam- p- Xv- FsX n-epw- XcØnep- sxmgn-en - G -s n-cn- p- hscbm-wv.- \Ωƒ- C m-esø bp- Fkv- C ]cn-tim-[n- m - {]Xn-h -jw- B`y- c sam-ø hcp-am-\w- {]Xn-h -jw- 8 ixam-\w- h -[n- t mƒ- bp-fkv-c ixam-\w- h -[n- p-sh p- Im-Wmw.- P\kw-Jy- {]Xn-h -jw F \n-c n - hfcp- p- m-bn-cp- p.- CXn-s ^eam-bn- sxm-gn -i n-bpw- Cu- \n-c n h -[n- p-sh p- Icp-XWw.- bp-fkv-cbp-ss 0.-8 ixam-\w- hf - sxmgn -i n-bn-te p- Iq-Sp-Xem-bn- Hm-tcm-h -jhpw- hcp- Xm-Wv-.- AXvbq-jz - kv- m- kv- Fw-tπm-bv-sa -dv- (bp-fkv-c) BsW v- ]dbm-\m-hn-.- F m-wv- Ah - snøp- Xv-? Ah - A\u-tZym-Kn-I tajebn-se sxm-gn-em-fn-ifm-bn- am-dp- p.- F p-sxm-gn-em-twm- e`y-am-bn- p- Xv- AXv- ] n-sp-ibm-wv- Ah - snøp- Xv.- F p- ]d m - ]m - v- sssw- Poh\ m-c\m-tbm- Xm - m-en-i Po-h\ m-c\m-tbm- am-dp- p.- CXn-s\bm- Wv- km-ºøn-i im-kv-{x - {]NvO sxm-gn-en m-bv-asb p- hn-fn- p- Xv. F\n- v- Zn-hkw- 4 awn- q - tpm-en- e`n- p- p- v.- F\n- v- 8 awn- q - tpm-en snøww-.- ]s F\n- v- AXv- e`n- p- n-.- \tc{μtam- Un-bp-sS ASp-Øbn-sS ]p-døn-dßn-b Po-hNcn-{XØn - ]dbp- Xv- At±lØn-s km-ºøn-i Im-gv-N m-sv- Nn-Zw-_cØn-t Xn -\n- v- hy- Xy-kv-Xas Xv- \n-ßfn - ]e - p-w- Adn-bmw.- AXp-sIm- p-xs - - Nn-Zw-_cØns hn-ik\ Im-gv-N m-sp-xs bm-wv- tam-un- pw.- Np-cp- 19

20 - - Øn - C m-ebfhn - {]Nv-O am-b A\u-tZym-Kn-I sxm-gn-epw- CShn- p-am-{xw- e`n- p- sxm-gn-epw- \n-e\n - p- cm-py-øv- A cm - YØn - sxm-gn-en- m-bv-a Im-cy-am-bn- h -[n- p-ibm-wv- snbv-xxv. Rm - ticføn - Bkq-{XWt_m -Uv- D]m-[y- \m- -bn-cn-s Bdp-am-ksØ Icm - tpm-en- v- - Iºyq- - ssiv-\o-jy - Xkv-Xn-Ibnte v- ]ckyw- \ -In.- B Hcp- Xkv-Xn-Ibn-te v- 86 t]cm-wv- C -hqhn-\v- h Xv.- a\p-jy-tijn-bp-ss A[n-I e`y-xbpw- ]cn-an-xam-b tpmen- Hgn-hp-Ifpw- D m- p- kω -Zw- CXn -\n- v- hy- am-ip-w.- CXn-s A\ c^esa m-sw p- Nn- n- p-i.- sxm-gn -cln-xcmbn- \n-ch[n- Bfp-Ifp-s n - Ahcp-sS hcp-am-\w- hfsc Ip-dhm-bn-cn- pw.- bq-wn-b\n - Aw-Kßfm-b kw-lsn-xtajem- sxm-gn-em-fn-isfbpw- CXv- Zp - es Sp-Øpw.- sxm-gn-en- m-øh - Gsdbp-s n - AXv- sxmgn-em-fn-isf Xm - m-en-i m-cm- m-\p- {]hwxbpw- h -[n n- pw.- Zn- n-bn - Xm - m-en-i sxm-gn-em-fnifp-ss FÆw- h -[n- p-ibm-wv.- Ahn-sS Hcp- Xm - m-en-i sxm-gn-em-fn- Xs AhIm-i߃- p-th n- \n-esim- m - Abmƒ- ]n-cn- p-hn-ss Spw.- Zn- n-bn-ep- \Ωp-sS kn-sfsnbp- kjm- ƒ- ^m-œdn- tk n - t]m-ip-ibpw- Xm - m-en-i sxm-gn-em-fn- Itfm-Sv- kw-km-cn- p-ibpw- elp-tejiƒ- sim-sp- p-ibpw- snøm-dp- v.- C v- GsX n-epw- Xm - m-en-i sxm-gn-em-fn- elp-tej hm-ßp- Xp-I m - ASp-ØZn-hkw- Ahs tpm-en- t]m-ipw.- Im-cWw- HcpsXm-gn - kp-c n-xxz-hpw- Ah\n-.- kzm-`m-hn-iam-bpw- CXv- t{suv- bq- Wn-b - {]kv-ym-\ßsfbpw- Zp - es Sp-Øp- p.- kw-lsn-xsxm-gn-emfn-ifp-ss hn-et]i - i n-sbbpw- CXv- Ip-dbv- p- p.- CXv- Chcp-sS iºfw- h -[n- m-xn-cn- m - Im-cWam-Ip-sa p- am-{xa Ip-dbm-\pw- CSbm- p- p.- DZm-ch - cwøn-\p- sxm- p-ap -]p- 80Ifpw- Ct mfsø km-lncy-hpw- Xm-cXay-s Sp-Øn-bm - kw-lsn-x sxm-gn-em-fn- Iƒ- v- Ct m-gp- m-bn- p- XI - a\kn-em-ipw.- Rm - C y-sb n- ]dbp- Xv- tem-iøn-\p-sam-øw- _m-[iam-b km-lncy-am-wv.- ap-xem-fn-øøn-s lr-zb`q-an-bm-b Atacn- bn - hy-hkm-b sxm-gn-em-fn-ifp-ss Ct m-gsø icm-icn- thx\w- aq- p- ]Xn- m- pap -]p- icm-icn- thx\hp-am-bn- Xm-cXay-w- snøp-tºmƒ- Im-cy-am-b hy-xym-kw- h n- n-s v- tpm-k^v- kv- n- n-kv- Nq n- m- p- p.- P\kw-Jy- h -[\ aq-ew- sxm-gn - i n- h -[n- p- p-.- AtX kabwhn-hn-[ ]Z[Xn-Iƒ- aq-ehpw- Ir-jn- em-`ica m-øxp-aq-ehpw- I -jicpwsndp-in-s D - m-zicpw- ]p-d s p-t]m-ip- p BKkv-Xn - cq-]bp-ss aq-eyw- Ip-Øs\ CSn- p.- AXn-\p- 20

21 tijw- hfsc sndn-b Db - am-{xta D m-bn- p- q.- cq]bv- v- tumfdp-am-bp- hn-\n-ab\n-c v- CSn- p.- cq-]bp-ss aq-ey-w- CSn-bp-IbmsW n - kz-`m-hn-iam-bpw- Cd p-axn- snøp- FÆbp-sS hn-e Dbcpw.- s]t{sm-fn-bw- D - ßfp-sS hn-e h -[n- p-tºmƒ- Uo-k - hn-e Dbcp- p.- ticføn-se ao -]n-sp-ø m-sc n- Nn- n- p-i.- Ah - vao -]n-sn- p-tºmƒ- In- p- hcp-am-\w- h -[n- n- n-.- ]s ao - ]n-sn- p- Xn-\p- snehm-ip- Xp-I h -[n- n-cn- p- p.- Im-cWw- Ah - C \ambn- Uo-k - D]tbm-Kn- p- hcm-wv.- AXp-sIm- v- Ahcp-sS em-`w- Ip- dbp- p.- kw-l-sn-x- ta-j-e-bn-se- sxm-gn-em-fn-i-fp-ss- h-cp-am-\-øn - t]m-epwh- CSn-hm-Wv- D- m-bn-sim- n-cn- p- -Xv.- sxm-gn-em-fn-iƒ- n-s-bn - tpmen- ]- p-sh-bv-t - n-h-cp- -Xv- sxm-gn - Zn-\-ß-fp-sS- F-Æ-Øn - Ip-dhp- m- p- p.- C-Xv- Iq-en-bn-epw- Ip-d-hp- m- p- p.- hym-h-km-bn-i- ta- J-e-bn-epw- \-K-c-ß-fn-epw- a- n-s-ß-fn-ep-ap- - sxm-gn-em-fn-i-fp-ss- i-cm-icn- Iq-en-bn-em-Wv- C-Ø-c-Øn - Xm-gv-N-bp- m-ip- -Xv.- k-º-zv-hy-h-ÿbn - D-b - - \n-c- n-ep- - h-f - -bp- m-bn- pw- Ipen- Ipdhv- aq-ew- h-cpam-\- ]n-gn- n - AXm-bXv- D hcpam-\sø ]n-gn- v- D]tbm-Kn-t n- hcp- p.- Iqen- bym -YØn - h -[n- p n-. F m - sxm-gn - ax h - [n- p Xm-bn- Im-Wmw.- - AXm-bXv- - D -]m-z\w- Ip p Iq-Sn- kºøvhyhÿbn an- w- h -[n- p p.- Cu- an- w- ]e cq-]øn-em-wv- hn-\ntbm-kn- s Sp Xv.- Z -ln-bn-ep Hcp [\n-i\v- \n-߃- Hcp cq] \ - In- F v- IcpXpI.- {_ko-en - tem-i I v- Im-Wm-t\m {^m -kn tlm-fntu BtLm-jn- m-\pam-bn-cn- pw Abmƒ- B ]Ww- hn-\n-tbm- Kn- pi.- Aan-Xm-_v- _ \pw- IpSpw-_hpw- tlm-fn-tu BtLm-jn- Xve \n-em-sw v- Rm - Hcp ]{XØn - I p (Ign- Zn-hksØ ]{Xw- F v- \ -Ip n- )-.- AXm-bXv- [\n-i - CØcØn-em-Wv- ]WwsNehgn- p Xv.- AXv- C y-bn - ]q-py-w- sxm-gn-em-wv kr-jv-sn- p Xv.- -Bsc n-epw- -tem-ii v- Im-Wm - {_ko-en - t]m-bm - AXv- C ybn - Hcp sxm-gn-epw- kr-jv-sn- p n-.- Rm - πm-\n-mv- t_m-un-em-bn-cp kabøv- k.- Ir-jv-W{]km-Zn-s\m- w- hb\m-sv- Dƒ-s ssbp Pn- Ifnse sxm-gn-epd v- -] Xn- ÿe߃- kμ -in- pam-bn-cp p.- CØcwÿeßfn - sxm-gn-epd v- ] Xn-bneq-sS sxm-gn- - - D m-bxm-bn- Im- Wm - Ign-bpw. sxm-gn-epd v-sxm-gn-em-fn-iƒ- Ah - v- e`n- Iq-en-sIm- v- tzm-iamhp m- p AcI v- hm-ßn-sb n-cn- s -.- B AcI v- \n -an- p Xv- 21

22 - sxm- SpØp {Km-aØn-em-bn-cn- pw-.- CØcØn - Ah - v- e`n- Iqen- Xt±iobam-bn- sxm-gn-epw- hkv-xp ƒ v-bhiy-ap m- p p.- Cu- {]Xn-`m-ksØ km-ºøn-i hn-zkv-z[ - aƒ- n-ssπb - C^Œv- F v- hntijn- n- p- p.- Iq-en-bn-ep m-ip h -[ \pkcn- v- - D ]m-z\ ax- h -[n- p n- -s n - kw-jy-bn - AYhm- XpIbn - h -[\bp m-ipi am-{xam-wv- snøp Xv.- (Iqen- h -[n- p n )-.- -AXm-bXv- sxm-gn-em-fn- IfpsS ssiøn - \n- pw- ]Ww- apxem-fn-am-cpsstbm- [\n-icpsstbmssiifn-seøpi am-{xam-wv- \S p Xv.- sxm-gn-em-fn-ifpam-bn- _ s v- - Un-am Ipdbv- p km-lncyam-wv- \ΩpsS kºøv- hyhÿbn-se Hm-tcm- Im-cy-Øn-epw- D m-ip Xv. -hfsc Ipd v- am-{xw- sxm-gn-ehkc߃- kr-jv-sn p hbm-wv- [\n-i snehgn- p ]Ww.- Ah - hm-ßn- p Hm-tcm- D -] hpw- sxmgne[n-jv-tn-xa.- tzm-ibp m- p I v- Hmtcm- cq]bv- pw- Iq-SpX sxm-gn - kr-jv-sn- p p.- AXn-\m - D -] ߃- - D -]m-zn- n- s Sp Xn - AØcw- Hcp am- w- hcww.- CØcw- D -] ߃- Iq- SpX - sxm-gn-ehkc߃- kr-jv-sn- p p.- AtX kabw- BUw-_c hkv-xp ƒ- Ipd - sxm-gn-ehkcßfpw- kr-jv-sn- p p.- sxm-gn-ehkc߃- Ipdbp Xv- Xo - bm-bpw- sxm-gn-em-fn-ifpss an- w- kr-jv-sn- p p.- CØcØn - sxm-gn-em-fniƒ- an- w- hcp Xv- sxmgn-em-fn-ifpss IcpX - tijcw- Xs D m- p p.- CXv- Iq-en-bn h -CSn-hp m- p p.- AXm-bXv- D -]m-z\w- Iq-Sn-sIm- n-cn- pibpwsxm-gn-em-fn-ifpss bym- -Y hcpam-\w- IpdbpIbpw- snøp p. XpS bmbn- Cßs\ kw-`hn- ptºmƒ- hcpam-\ hn-xcwøn - am- w- D m- p p.- AXm-bXv- sxm-gn-em-fn-ifpss ssiifn-setø ]Ww- apxemfn-bpss AYhm- aq-e[\w- Cd p hs ssiifn-seøp p.- CXv- Bh -Øn- s SpIbpw- sxm-gn - kr-jv-sn- s Sm-Xn-cn- pibpwsnøp p.- Cu- Ahÿ XpScptºmƒ- sxm-gn-em-fn-ifpss IcpX tijcøn-s hen- w- h -[n- p p.- cm-py-øv- Ijv-S m-spw- Zpcn-Xhpw- \n-e\n - ptºmƒ- sam-øw- D -]m-z\w- G hpw- Db - \n-c n-em- Ip p.- cm-py-sø P\kw-Jy-bpsS IWs SpØm - sxm-gn-em-fn-ifpss IcpX - tijchpw- Db - Xm-Ip p.- Cu- sxm-gn-em-fn- Sbv- v- Im-cyam-b hcp-am-\sam- p-an-.- - F p-am-{xa,- Ahcp-sS km- n-[yw- kw-lsn- X sxm-gn-em-fn-ifpss Iq-en- - sh n- p-dbv- p- Xn-\v- CSbm- p-ibpwsnøp p.- cm-py-øv- Hcp hiøv- Zcn-{Zyw- DSseSp ptºmƒ- adphiøv- hf - Db - \n-c n-ep Xm-Ip p.- LS\m]cam-b {]Xn-`m-kam-WnXv.- 22

23 cm-py-øv- \n-e\n - p hn-ik\am-xr-ibpss købm-wv- apifn hn-hcn- s Xv.- CØcØn-ep Hcp hn-ik\am-xr-ibm-wv- tam-unk - m - hf -Øn-sbSp m - {ian- p Xv.- Ir-jn, a y-_ \w- ap-xem-b tajeifn- - \n- v- apxem-fn-øw- - sxm-gn-em-fn-isf \ n-sbspøv- -hy-hkm-b sxm-gn-em-fn-ifm- p-sa m- Wv- kn- m- w.- Aßs\ I -tam- p-icm-b sxm-gn-em-fn-h -Kw- kr-jv-sn- s Sp-sa pw-.- F m - B {]{In-b F p-sim- v- \Ωp-sS cm-py-øv- \S p n. Cw- n - ssisøm-gn-ep-im -hfsc Ipdhm-sW v- \ap- v- Im-Wmw.- Atacn- bnepw- CtX km-lncy-am-wp Xv.- P\kw-Jybn- - \s m-cp-] pw- h - hy-hkm-bßfn-se sxm-gn-em-fn-ifpw- Po-h\ mcp-am-wv.- \Ωp-sS hy-hkm-b kw-cw-`i - F p-sim- v- Iq-Sp-X - sxm-gnem-fn-iƒ- v- Ahkcw- \ -Ip- n-.- Chn-sS 8% hf - m-\n-c p t mƒsxm-gn -hf - m-\n-c v- 0.8% am-{xam-bn-cn- p- p.- F p-sim- v-? ap-xemfn-øøn - -km-ºøn-i- hf bv-s m- w- sxm-gn-ehkcßfpw- h -[n- p-sa Xn-\v- Ncn-{X]cam-b sxfn-shm- p-an ]m- m-xy- apxem-fn-ø cm-py-ßfp-tsxv-xn-i pw- X\Xm-b,- hy-xykv-xam-b A\p`hßfm-Wv.- bq-tdm-]y - cm-py-ßfn -\n- v- Atacn-,- Im-\U,- Bkv-t{Xen-b,- \yq-kn-em -Uv- F n-hn-sßfn-te v h -txm- Xn - IpSn-tb w- \S n-cp- p Zie w- - Bbn-cp p {_n- \nse P\kwJy \pw- 1910\pan-Sbn - 15 Zie w-t] - - a p-cm-py-ßfn-te v- IpSn-tbdn-.- Hm-tcm- h -jhpw- P\kw-Jy-bn-ep- m-ip- h -[\bp-ss- ]IpXn- a p cm-py-ßfn-te v- IpSn-tbdn-t m-bn- F -Yw. Cu- hkv-xp- Xsb C y-bpam-bn- Xm-cXayw- snøp-i.- -CtX txm-xn - C y-bn -\n- v- Ip-Sn-tb w- \S n-cp- p-sh n,- kzm-x{ yøn-\p- tijw- CXp-hsc 50 tim-sn- C y- m - - a p- cm-py-ßfn-te v- Ip-Sn-tbtd n-bn-cp- p.- - Ah - Fhn-sSt]m-Ipw-?- Ah - v- t]m-im - ÿean-.- AXm-bXv- ] v- ap- Xem-fn-Ø hy-hkm-bh - cww- \S cmpy-߃ t\cn-ts n- h n- n- m-ø -{]Xn-k n- ASp-ØIm-eØv- ap-xem-fn-ø hy-hkm-bh - cww- \S p- cm-py-߃- A`n-ap-Jo-Icn-t n-hcp- p sxm-gn-en- m-bv-a.- Chn-sS hy-hkm-bh - cww- aq-ew- sxm-gn-e kr- n- s Sp- Xv,- sxm-gn-en- m-bv-abm-wv-.- sxm-gn-en- mbv-a, AXm-bXv- A\u-tZym-Kn-Iam-bpw- km-[m-cwam-bpw- ]tcm- am-bpw- Im-Wp sxm-gn-en- m-bv-abm-wv- \Sam-Sp Xv.- apxem-fn- Ø hn-ik\w- hcptºmƒ- ]gb ^yq-u - kºzv-hyhÿ \in- n- s Sp psh m-wv- ]m-cºcy-am-bn- \mw- hn-ikn- v- t]m-cp Xv.- ]gb ^yq-u - kw-hn-[m-\øn -\n- v- BfpIƒ- \Kcßfn-te v- IpSn- 23

24 - tbdp psh XmWv- \ΩpsSsbm-s Im-gv-N]m-Sv.- kzm-`m-hn-iam-bpw- Ah - v- Ahn-sS sxm-gn-sem- pw- e`n-s p-hcn-.- ]m-iv-nm-xy- cm-py-ßfn - Ah - ]p-dw-cm-py-ßfn-te v- Ip-Sn-tbdn- m - Øp.- Aßs\ ap-xem-fn-ø]q -h (^yq-u )- kaq-løn-s _ex{ w- XI - s p.- AtXkabw- \Kcßfn - F p- -kw-`hn- p-? hn-hn-[ \m- n -]p-dßfn -\n- v- P\߃- sxm-gn-et\z-jn- v- \Kcßfn-seØn.- - Ah - ]ckv-]cw- A]cn-Nn-Xcm-bn-cp- p.-]p-xn-sbm-cp- kaq-lsø kr- n-s Sp- m-\p- Aht_m-[w- Ah - v- D m-bn-cp- n-.- ]t,- Chn-sSbm-Wv- Zm-cn-{Zy-sØ p-dn- pw- sxm-gn-em-fn-h -K sfiy-(t{suv-bq-wn-b )- sø pdn- p-ap- am -Iv-kn-s kn- m- w- {]k am-ip- Xv.- {]Xy- Øn - kam-\xiƒ- H p-an- m-øhtcm-sv- H n- m-\pw- s]m- Xp-hm-b Xm -]cy-߃- m-bn- t]m-cm-sm-\pw- t{suv- bq-wn-b - Blzm- \w-snbv-xp.- - Aßs\ B ]p-xn-b kaq-løn-s ti{μ_n-μp- t{suv- bq- Wn-b\m-bn- am-dn.- Chn-sS am -Iv-kv- ]d Hcp- Im-cy-w- Cw- o-jv- [\imkv-{x sc Ip-g n.- Ahsc Ip-g n-b {]Xn-`m-kw- CXm-Wv.- sxm-gnem-fn-iƒ- bq-wn-b\n - tncp- Xv- Iq-en- q-sp-xen-\p-th n- am-{xamsw m-wv- Ah - Icp-Xn-bn-cp- Xv.- bym -YØn -,- Im-em-Im-eßfm-bn- Xp-S - bm-b kac߃- \S n- pw- Ah - v- Iq-Sn-b Iq-en-sbm- pw- e`n- n- n-.- F n-epw- In- p- Xp- am-b Iq-en-bn - Hcp-`m-Kw- Ah - bq-wnbs\ \n-e\n -Øm - _en-ign- p.- iºfsø mƒ- ap-jy-am-wv- bq-wn-bs\ \n-e\n -Øp- Xv- - F phcp-tºmƒ- t_m-[\n-ehm-cøn-ep- m-b am- w- a\ n-em- m-w.- P\߃tbm-Pn- p- Xv- kz-im-cy- t\ Øn-\m-Wv.- F m - tbm-pn- p-\n - - F bm-ym -Yyw- Ahcn - Xßfp-sS Iq- m-b t\ ßsf kw-c n- Ww- F hn-im-cw- D m- p- p.- Aßs\bm-Wv- kz-im-cy- t\ ߃- _en- Ign- m - Ah - Xøm-dm-Ip- Xv.- cq-]o-icn- s L Øn - P\߃- Ahcp-sS kz-im-cy- Xm -]cy߃- m-bn- am-{xam-wv- bq-wn-b\n - \n- sx n-epw- ]n- o-sv,- bq-wn-b - Ahcp-sS Po-hn-XØn-s `m-kam-bn-øs am-dp- p. -AXp-sIm- m-wv-,- ap-xem-fn-ø hn-ik\w- ]gb \m-sp-hm-gn-øsø \in- n- v- ]p-xn-b kaqløn-\v- cq-]w-\ -Ipw- - F v- am -Iv-kn-kw- Im-Wp- Xv-.- ap-xem-fn-ø kaq-løn - Hm-tcm- hy- n-bp-ssbpw- Xm -]cy-߃- ]cn-[n-bn- m-øxm-wv.- Cu- Ahÿsb Hcp- kaq-løn-\pw- AXn-Po-hn- m - Ign-bn-.- ap-xem-fn-ø aq-ey-߃- AXn-\p-Xs \m-iw-ip-dn- pw.- F n- pw- ap-xem-fn-ø kaq-lw- AXn-Po-hn- p- Xv- ap-xem-fn-øa m- Ø Im-cy-߃-sIm- m-wv-.- ap-xem-fn-ø Xm - cy-߃- v- hn-cp- am- -bn- 24

25 ,- A[zm-\n- p- P\hn-`m-Kw- Iq- m-b kw-cw-`߃- v- cq-]w-\ -In.- AhnsS,- kzm -YXbv- pw- D]cn Iq- m-bxm -]cy-߃- v- {]m-ap-jyw-\ -In.- Aßs\ Iq- m-b Po-hn-Xhpw- \n-e\n - pw- km-[y-am- n.- {_n- - t]m-ep- hn-ikn-xcm-py-ßfn,- sxm-gn-em-fn-iƒ- F m- sship-t cßfnepw- - ] p-ifn - - HØp-tNcp- p.- Ahn-Shn-sSbm-bn- t{suvbq-wn-b\pw- a p kw-ls\ifpw- {]h -Øn- p- p.- Ahn-sS Hcp- km-aqln-i Po-hn-Xap- v,- Iq- m-bv-abp- v.- -ap-xem-fn-øw- ]gb kaq-lsø \in- n- v- Ncn-{XZu-Xyw- \n -hln- p.- ]gb P n- \m-sp-hm-gn-ø k{ºzm- bw- - ]p-xn-sbm-cp- kaq-løn-\v- cq-]w-sim-sp- p- p.- - Cu- ]p-xn-b kaq-lwtkm-jy-en-køn-te v- \bn- psa m-bn-cp- p- am -Iv-kn-b - Im-gv-N msv.- F m - \Ωp-tS kaq-lsø p-dn- p- Nn- n- mw.- bym -Y sxm-gnem-fn-h -KØn-s ]Zhn-bn-seØm - \ap- v- Ign- n-.- - \Ωn - Gsdt cpw- sxm-gn-et\z-jicmwv-.- ap-xem-fn-øøn - t]m-epw- Ipsdsbm-s sxm-gn-ehkcßfp- v-.- e`y-am-b Ip-Sn-tb - km-[y-xiƒt]m-epw- \mw- D]tbm-Ks Sp-Øn-bn-.- AXn-\m - Xm - m-en-i,- A\u- ]Nm-cn-I sxm-gn-ep-iƒ- s]cp-in.- AXn-\m - sxm-gn-em-fn-h -K t_m-[tam -kw-ls\m-cq-]ßtfm- D mbn-. -Aßs\ h t m-gpw- sxm-gn - e`n- p- Xm - m-en-i sxm-gnem-fn-ifp-ss Aw-Kkw-Jy- s]cp-in-.- am -Iv-kv- epw-] - t{]m-en-t dn-b v- F v- hn-tijn- n- p-,- h -Kkz-`m-hØn - FØn-t cm - Ign-bm-Ø,- Icm - sxm-gn-em-fn-ifm-bn- A[x-]Xn- p.- Ah - v- Iq- m-bv-abp-ss Aht_m- [w,- AYhm- h -Kt_m-[w- D m-bn-.- Ah - Ip- Ir-Xy-ßfn-epw- h \bnepw- G -s Sp p-.- Aßs\,- Hcp-`m-KØv- \Kcßfn - epw-] - sxm-gn-em-fn-iƒ- s]cp- In-hcp- p.- - adp-`m-køv- {Km-aßfn-se ÿn-xn-tbm-? Ahn-sS P n-k{ºzmbw- Ahkm-\n- pign- p-.- Im-cWw-,- \Kcßfn-te v- Ip-Sn-tbdn-bh - Xn-I - I m-sn-em-wv.-axn-\m - Iq-Sp-X -t]cpw- {Km-aßfn -Xs Ign- p.- - Ahcp-sS Po-hn-Xw- Zm-cn-{Zy-Øn -\n- v-zm-cn-{zy-øn-te v- \o-ßn.- Aßs\ ]gb kaq-løn-s\ XI - m-t\m- - ]p-xn-bsxm- v- kr- n- m- t\m- - Ign-bm-Xm-bn.- CXm-Wv- ap-xem-fn-ø hn-ik\ ]m-xbn - \o-ßp- cm-py-ßfp-ss ÿn-xn.- Chn-sS,- Hcp- hiøv- Ct m-gpw- P n- \m-sp-hm-gn-ø kaq-lls\ (k.- C Fw- Fkv- hn-tijn- n- Xv- Pm-Xn-bn - A[n-jv-Tn-Xam-b P nk{ºzm-bw-)- Xp-Scp- p-.- adp-hiøv,- ]p-xn-sbm-cp- kaq-lw- DZbw-sIm- p- p-an-.- Aßs\ \Kcßfn - epw-] - kw-kv-im-cw- \n-ehn -hcp- p-.- Hcp-hiØv- h -txm-xn-ep- D - m-z\w,- -adp-hiøv- P\kw-Jy-bn - 25

26 \s m-cp-] pw- ] n-wn-bn.- AXm-Wv- \Ωp-sS ÿn-xn.- hn-ikn-x ap-xemfn-ø cm-py-߃- kz-btah {]ISam- n-b ]p-tcm-ka\kz-`m-hw-t]m-epw- B -Pn- m - \ap- v- Ign- n-.- \Ωp-sS \m- n-se Zm-cn-{Zy-Øn-s ÿn-xn- hy- am- p- Xn-\v- Rm - Nn-e ÿn-xn-hn-hc W p-iƒ- lm-pcm- m-w.- - \Kcßfn - Hcmƒ- Hcp-Znhkw- Ip-d Xv Item-dn- Du -Pw- e`n-t ` Ww- Ign- Ww F m-wv- IW v.- {Km-aßfn Item-dn- \ -Ip- ` Whpw.- \KcØn Item-dn- e`n- p- ` Ww- Ign- m - km-[n- m-øh ixam-\am-bn-cp- Xv % Bbn- h -[n- p.- {Kma{]tZißfn - Cu- Im-ebfhn Itemdn- Du -Pw- e`n- p- ` Ww- Ign- m- - Ign-hn- m-øh - 69 ixam-\øn -\n- v- 76% Bbn.- AXm-bXv,- 76 ixam-\w- t] - Zm-cn-{Zy-Øn.- Aßs\,- hf - bp-ss Cu- Im-eL w- - hn-i n-s bpw- ] n-wn-bp-ssbpw- m-aøn-s bpw-iq-sn- ImeL am-bn-cp- p-sh v- Adn-bp-I.- Hcp- hiøv- Pm-Xn- ] m-bøp-iƒ- BWn-\pw- s]æn-\pw- Po-hn-X ] m-fn-sb sxcs Sp- m-\p- kzm-x{ yw-t]m-epw- \n-tj[n- p- p.- adp-hiøv- epw-] - ap-xem-fn-ø am-xr-ibn-ep- - (ap-xem-fn-øøn-s Kp-W߃-t]m-ep-an- m-ø)- hn-ik\w- \S p- p.- kv-{xo-iƒ-s Xn-cm-b AXn-{Iaam-Wv Cu- hn-ik\am-xr-ibp-ss {][m-\ khn-tijxsb pw- Adn-bp-I.- C\n-sb v?- Im-cy-߃- Cu- ÿn-xn-bn - A[n-IIm-ew- Xp-Scm-\m- In-.- k p-en-xam-b hn-ik\am-xr-i \n-ehn -ht Xo-cq.- cm-py-øv- \S n-ep- ap-xem-fn-øhn-ik\w- AkaXz-hpw- Zm-cn-{Zy-hpw- m-ahpwh -[n- n- p- p.- DSs\ As n - A -]w- Ign- v- cm-jv-{so-bam-b ASn- a -Øen-te v- Cu- ÿn-xnhn-tijw- \bn-t mw.- P\m-[n-]Xy-kw-hn- [m-\sø A n-adn- m-sx Cu- \n-e Xp-S - p-sim- p-t]m-im - Ign-bn-.- F p-sim- v?- kaq-løn-se Xßfp-sS Ahÿ Gsd Zb\o-bsa v- ASn- a -Øs h - a\kn-em- p- Hcp- km-lncyw- D m-bm - Iem- ]w- Dd v.- Ft m-gm-wxv- kw-`hn- p-i?- P\߃- Xßfp-sS Zb\o-bÿn- Xn- A[n-Im-cn-Isf t_m-[y-am- m - {ian- p-f p-hbv- p-i.- Hcp-c I - \n-߃- m-bn- AhXcn- pw-f m-hpw- adp-]sn.- F p-sim- v P\ßfpsS Ahÿ tam-iam-bn?- AXp- \mw- \S m- n-t m- km-ºøn- I\b߃-sIm- m-sw v- ]dbp-ihø.- Im-cWw- F m- _q -jzm - `cwkw-hn-[m-\ßfpw- CtX km-ºøn-i\bw- Xs bm-wv- \S m- p- Xv.- C m-cy-øn - tam-un,- Nn-Zw-_cØn -\n-t m- a -tam-l -knw- Kn -\n-t m- hy-xy-kv-x\.- Ahsc m-hcpw- Htc km-ºøn-i \bøn- 26

27 s h m- fpw- {]tbm- m- fp-am-wv.- Cu- km-ºøn-i \b߃- \S m- p- Xn-\v- tam-un- Kh -sa v- B{ibn- p- Xv- `q-cn-] axcm-jv-{so-bsøbm-sw Xv-{]Xn-k n-bpss B w-iq- p- p.- Ah - kw-c n- p- Xv- `q-cn-] ln-μp-{]xn-tem-a cm-jv-{so-bsøbm-wv.- AXv- km-ºøn-i Ak p-en-x hf - bv- v- - am- {Xa Im-cWam-Ip-I.- km-aq-ln-i kaxz-øn-\m-bn- cm-py-øv- \S p- km-aq-ln-i hn-πhsø AXv- ]n-t m- Sn- p-ibpw- snøpw.- ticføn-s DZm-lcWsaSp-Øm - Zfn-Xcp-sS ÿn-xn- Ccp-]Xmw- \q- m- n-s Xp-S Øn-s\ At] n- v- Gsd am-dn-bn- p-s v- Im-Wmw.- ticføn-s H w- Cs n-epw- cm-py-øn-s a v- `m-kßfn-epw- Zfn-XcpsS Ahÿbn - KWy-am-b ]p-tcm-kxn- D m-bn.- kz-x{ ]cam-[n-imc C y-bn - ]gb P n,- \m-sp-hm-gn-ø k{ºzm-bøn-\v- XI - D mbn.- Zfn-X - v- thm- him-iw-in- n.- `cwøn-epw- cm-jv-{so-bøn-epw- Ah - v- ] m-fn-øw- In- n.- hn-hn-[ {]ÿm-\ßfp-ssbpw- t\xm- fp-ssbpw- {ia^eam-bn-,- Pm-Xn-bp-sSbpw- enw-køn-s bpw- t]cn-ep- AkaXzßfpw- A\o-Xn-Ifpw- C m-xm-bn.- km-{am-py-xz-hn-cp- {]t m- `w,- \thm- m-\ {]ÿm-\w,- Pm-Xn-hn-cp- {]ÿm-\w,- Abn-tØm- m-s\w,- ] n-t`m-p\w- Xp-Sßn-bhsbm-s Cu- km-lncy-øn - Hm - m-hp- Xm-Wv.- F m - Ct mƒ- ln-μp- hexp-] cm-jv-{so-bøn-s DZbtØm-sS ]gb D \o-nxz-ßfn-te v- Xn-cn- p-t]m-ip- Xn-\p- {]hwx I p-xp-sßn-bn-cn- p- p.- hn-zym-`ym-køn-epw- DtZym-Kßfn-epw- Zfn-X - v- e`n- p- kwhcwøn-\v- FXn-sc kh -Wkw-LS\Iƒ- kw-km-cn- p-xp-sßn-bn-cn- p- p.- Hcp-km-aq-ln-I {]Xn-hn-πhw- \S p- p. -F m- tajebn-epw- AXnthKw- kz-im-cy-h - cww- \S m- p- p.- Ahn-sS Hcp-XcØn-epap- kw-hcww- km-[y-a.- kaq-løn-se ASn- a -Øs h - ho- pw- \n-e\n - n-\m-bn- s]m-cp-tx n-hcp- p.- cm-jv-{so-bam-bn- Ah - Ct mgpw- a p- h - v- Xp-ey -Xs.- Zfn-X - pw- ]n-t m- hn-`m-k߃- pwthm- him-iw- D v.- ]t,- Ahcp-sS km-ºøn-i Ahkc߃- C m- Xm-Ip- p.- Zfn-X -s Xn-cm-b {]txyin- v- Zfn-Xv-kv-{Xo-Iƒ- v- FXn-cm-b AXn-{Ia߃- h -[n- p- p.- Ak p-en-x hn-ik\am-wv- Chn-sS \S p- Xv.- AXv- P\ßfpsS P\m-[n-]Xy- AhIm-ißsf l\n- pw.- Cu Ahÿbv- v- Fs n-epw- ]cn-lm-capt m- F Xm-Wv- {]k am-b tnm-zy-w.- Kh -sa v- Zcn-{ZcpsS D a\øn-\m-bn- ]WwsNehgn- m - AXn-\v- ]e asßv- ^ea m-ipw.- {]m-tzin-iam-b Bhiy- 27

28 ߃- h -[n- pw.- - AXv- sxm-gn-ehkc߃- kr-jv-sn- pw.- hn-ik\øn-se KpPdm-Øv- am-xr-i \mw- Gsd N - snbv-xv- Ign- p \pw \pan-Sbn-ep m-b KpPdm-Øn-sebpwtIcfØn-sebpw- hf - m- \n-c v- Rm - Xm-cXay-w- snøpibp m-bn.- KpPdm-Øn - Cu- Im-ebfhn-se hf - m-\n-c v ixam-\am-bn-cp p.- ticføn-s Xv ixam-\hpw.- ticfw- `cn- n-cp F -Un-F^v- Kh -sa v- km-ºøn-i klm-bøn-\m-bn- GsX n-epw- _lpcm-jv- {SIº\n-Isf Wn- n-cp- n-.- \n-t ]Øn-\m-bn- Sm- sbtbm- Aw-_m- \n-tbtbm- kao-]n- n-cp n-.- ]n-s Fßs\ Cu- hf - m-\n-c v- ssihcn- m-\m-bn.- \mw- km-aq-ln-i t a] Xn-Iƒ- ]p\cp o-hn- n- p. ]mhs P\ßfpsS ssihiw- ]Ww- h ptn - p.- km-[m-cw m-cpss hm-ß -tijn- h -[n- n- p.- Ah - ]Ww- snehgn- m - XpSßn-bt mƒsndpin-s I hsßfpw- hy-hkm-bßfpw- \n-ehn - h p.- CsXm-cp hn-ik\ am-xr-ibm-wv.- km-[m-cw m-cpss hm-ß tijn- km-ºøn-ihf - sb ]p\cp o-hn- n- pw.- Kh -sa v- Cuam-Xr-I XpS - m - D -]m-z\ hf - bv-s m- w- Pt\m-]Im-c{]Zam-b KpW]cam-b hf - Iq-Sn- km-[y-am-ipw.- P\- -߃- v- AXv- Bizm-kam- Ipw.- -a p kw-ls\isf At] n- v- ticføn - t akqnn-iiƒ- ap nem-wv.- ]q- -Wam-bs n-epw ticføn - `q]cn-jv-icww- \S p.- cm-py- Øn-s a p `m-kßfn-epw- `q-]cn-jv-icww- \St Xp v.- km-ºøn- I AkaXz-w- - \n-e\n - p n-søv- P\m-[n-]Xyw- ]pecn-.- kºøv- ]p\ - hn-xcww- sntø Xp v.- Ir-jn-bn - A[n-jv-Tn-Xam-b hn-ik\w- ho- s Sp Ww.- AkaXz-Øn-\v- Im-cWam-Im-sX hf - bpw- hn-ik\hpw- km-[yam-wv-.- \mw- N - snbv-x _Z - am-xr-i AkaXzw- Ipd v-sim- phcpw.- sxm-gn-en- m-bv-abpw- ]cn-lcn- mw.- Iq-en-bn - h -[\bp m-ipw.- ` WØn-\pw- sxm-gn-en-\pap AhIm-iw-,- ku-p\y- Btcm-Kykwc Ww- F n-h \S n - hcpøww-.- hn-zym-`ym-køn-\p AhImihpw- `n- tijn-bp h - p AhIm-ißfpw- DS - Dd v- hcpøww. C y-bn - Hcp CSXp] Kh -sa v- \n-ehn - h m kº cn - si n-in-s p ]Ww- P\ßfn-te v- HgpIpw.- Hcp]t Hm-lcn-hn-]Wn-Iƒ- XI -t mw.- am Øn-\v- th n-hcp sndn-b hnebm-wxv.- ]t,- Hcp _Z - Xo - bm-bpw- km-[y-am-wv.- (2014 Pq 15 \v {]`mxv ]Sv\m-bnIv \S-Ønb A\p-kva-cW {]`m-j-w-øns GI-tZi ]cn-`mj) 28

29 _Z-et\zjW߃ ("A-`bw 2014' \S Ah-X-c-W-ß-sf- p-dn v PAG amkni {]kn- o-i-cn dnt m v) 29

30 Nc-a-Zn-\m-N-cWw t]mepw cm-jv{sob {]h Ø-\-amWv. - APbv tlmjv A`-b\v Imew A\p-h-Zn p\ In-bXv tihew 22 kwh c-ß-fm-bn-cp- p. AXn-t\m-SIw I pap- p-itbm CS-]-g-Ip-Itbm snbvx-h-cp-sssb mw kplr-øpw kjmhpw am -Z i-i\pw Bbn-Xo p-hs{x Ah! Hcp ]n p-ip- n-bmbn s]m Ip- sø F.]n kviqfn \n p XpSßn a{zmkv {InkvXy timtf-pnse t]mãv {KmPpth v hnzym n-hsc Bbn. Ah "Pohn p Xo Ø' Hcp ]pcp-jm-bp- ns hfsc sndnsbmcp CS-th-f-bn Ah F mwv snbvxsx ti -dn-hp-i-fpw, "A`-b A`-b ' kvac- WnI X hnh-c-ßfpw am{x-am-bmwv Cu tej- I 2014 Pq 14 \v s]m Ip- sø eoem-al HmUn-t m-dn-b-øn FØn-t -Xv. ]n.- F.Pn bpss Hcp sndp-kw-l-hp-ambn Rß-f-hnsS 30

31 FØp-tºmƒ A w am{xsa R߃ sshin-bn- p q F m-bn-cp p a\- n Icp-Xn-b-Xv. F m B lmfn \ndsb sndp- - mcpw apxn -hcpw Ip n-ifpw CS-I-e n-cn- p- p- m-bn-cp- p. Hu]-Nm-cn- I-X-bpsS si p-]m-sp-i-sfm- p-an- m-sx, thznbpw kz pw CS-I-e p- In-S- p- p. A y- -th-znbpw ]cn-hm-c-ß-fp-an-. ]t hfsc Kuc-hta-dnb Ah-X-c-W-amWv AhnsS \S- p-sim- n-cp- -Xv. ss Upw hountbm- n- p-ifpsams CS v IS- p-h- p-sim- n-cp- p A[nIw hcp tiƒhn- m AXn apgp-in-bn-cn- p p. "A`bw 2014' F v t]cn- v, 2013 sabv 27 \v temi-tømsv hns-]-d A`-bs H mw Nca-Zn-\m-N-c-W-Øn-s\-Ønb Ahs kplr-øp- fpw kjm- -fp-am-whnss HØpIqSn-bn-cn- p- -Xv. 2 \mƒ \ofp Nc-a-Zn-\m-N-c-W-Øns BZy-Zn-\-Ønse BZy-]-cn-]mSnbmWv "hnp-b-i-c-amb _Z-ep-I-fpsS Ah- X-c-Ww. F.-F-kv.sI (A-`-b kvamciti{μw) sxc-s -SpØ _Z Bhn-jv m-c-ß-fn-sem v ]n.-f.pn Bb-Xp-sIm v ]n.-f. Pn sb ]cn- N-b-s -Sp-ØpI F IS-a-bp-am-bmWv Rß-f-hnsS FØn-bXv. 31

32 Xob- l v hnp-b-i-c-amb _Z-ep-I-fn Ah Is - Ønb "Xob- l v' F kmwkvim-cnikwl- S-\-bpsS apjy-kw-lm-s-i-cn-sem-cm-fmwv kwkm-cn- p-sim- n-cn- p- -Xv. tim bw Pn -bnse ]penb q {Kmaw ti{μ-am n {]h Øn- p "Xotb- l v, ]mem', \ho-\hpw hyxy-kvx-hp-am-sbmcp kmwkvim-cni CS-s]-S-emtWm F v "\n߃' Xocp-am-\n- p-hm-\mwv B sndp- - m-c kz- n- t\msv Bh-iy-s - -Xv. k m-fl-i-x-bpss "{]mbhpw' "Imehpw' "\nd' hpw "thznbpw' "CS hpw' hc- n-smsx "kwkvimcw P\-ß-fm ' F k ev]w A -cm -Øn s\ n-te- p Hcp Iq mbvabmwxv Bcw-`n Xob- l v cwkm-h-x-c-w-߃, {]tbm-km-[n-jvtn-x-amb t_m[- \-{]-h Ø-\w, k -klhmk IymºpIƒ, hmb- \, N, kwhm-zw, "CSw' F amknibpss {]kn- o-i-cww XpSßn \nc-h[n Imcy-߃ 32

33 snøp p. Cu sndp-iq- mbva hc- p-w-ßp-ibpw Icn picn-hm-fn- p- Ibpw snbvxpsim n-cn- p tic-f-øns s]mxp-kmw-kvim-cni CS- Ønse sxfn-\o-cp-d-h-bmbn Xocp- p-sh v Ah ]d-bmsxxs R߃ p t_m[y-am-bn. "_Z ' th nhcp- Xv \ΩpsS Np p-]m-sp- Ifpw kaq-lhpw temihpw \ap- -\y-am-hp-tºm-gm-wv. AXv \ΩpsSta A[n-\n-thiw snøp-tºm-gm-wv. AXp-sIm- p-xs A[n-\n-th-i-hn-cp- -t]m-cm- -ß-fnse Poh-\p {]Xn-tcm-[-ß-fmWv _Z-e-Iƒ. AXns ]cn-anxn AXns CSw sndp-xm-sw- p- Xp am{x-am-wv. 14 \v sshin v Xntb- l ns "t{]x-`m-jww' F kn. Aø- s IYsb Bkv]- Z-am n Ah-X-cn- n \ms-im-hn-jvimcw A p-x-i-c-amb P\- IobIq mbvabn ]nd-hn-sim Hcp Iem-{]-h Ø-\-am-bn-cp- p. sim p- Ip- n-iƒ apx amxm-]n-xm- ƒhsc Ah-cpsS k m-fl-i-x-bpss Awi߃ Ahn-S-hnsS tn Øp-sh- p- mb \msiw. 50- A[n-Iw-t]-cpsS Iq m-bva-bn \n v, Ah-cpsS a\ pw ico-chpw Hcp-an- p-tn v \S- Ønb cwkm-hn-jvim-cw. "k -h-k w hncn-bp- p' Fs ms ]d-bp cmjv{sob I-em kmwkvim-cni CS-s]-S-ens A -iq-\y-x-bpss Bgw a\- n-em- m Cu \msiw Xs axn. AXm-bXv Pohn-X-Øns kakvx taj-e-i-fnepw A[n-\n-thiw snbvxp-sim v apt -dp Itºm-f-hm-gvN pw kwkvim-c-øn\pw FXnsc {]Xn-tcm[w Na- m \nbp- -amb Nne henb kmwkvim-cni Iem-kw-L-S-\-I-fp-sSbpw {]ÿm-\-ß-fp-ssbpw si p-im-gvn-iƒ v apºn "Xob- l v' F {]Im-i-_n-μp-hns hnkvt^m-s-\-tijn F{X-sb v R߃ Kuc-h- ]q Δw Xncn- -dn- p. A[n-\n-thiImesØ kmwkvim-cni{]h Ø\w Fß-s\-sb v \sω t_m[y-s -Sp-Øp- -h-bm-bn-cp- p F.-Fkv.sI sxcs -SpØ a p _Z-em-hn-jv- m-c-ß-fpw. 33

34 lm v A m v _m Uv Ihn-Isfbpw Ihn-X-I-sfbpw AXns BtKmf ]cn-to-z-øn kzmwio-i-cn kmwkvimcn-i cmjv{sob]mc-º-cy-ap \ap v, C Xv "hnkvar-x-am-ti Hcp A\m-hiyw' F [mc- W-bm-Wp- -sx p ]dbmw. Itºmfw hc- n-sp hc-i-fn-eq-ssbpw hgn-i-fn-eq-ssbpw kmwkvimcni`qani si n-s m- p-tºmƒ IhnX NØp-t]m- Ip-I-tbm, Atcm-N-I-am-hp-Itbm snøpi kzm`mhniw. Ihn-X-Isf lrz-b-øn-te- nb HcpIq w sndp- - m, t^bvkv_p v ]cn-n-b-øn-eqss cq]- s -Sp-Øn-sb-SpØ ayqkniv _m mwv "lm v A m v'. Ihn-X-Isf kwko-xhpw lrzy-amb Hm -kv{sbpam n am n-s m v, F mw hmwn- Py-hXv -cn- p Ime-tØmSv Iem]w Iq p-ibm-wv Cu Ip n-iƒ. D - p-tijw AtX-lm-fn Cu Iem-Im-c- m \S-Ønb Ihn-X-I-fpsS kwko- Xm-hn-jv mcw Ah-sc- p-dn v ChnsS ]d 34

35 hm p-iƒ A -cm -Øn icn-sh- p- -Xm-bn-cp- p. Hmtcm _Zepw Hmtcm k m-fli Iem-]-am-Wv. AXv Hcp kaqlw apgp-h-\mbn Gs - Sp- p-tºmƒ am -Øns Iml-f-ambn Xocpw. Cu kxyw Hm Ωn- n- p "lm v A m v' _m Uv kwl-sø- p-dn- p Ah-X-c-W-amWv ]n osv \S- Xv. 35

36 hmb-\-im-e-iƒ Itºm-f-kw-kvIm-c-Øn-s\-Xnsc ASK sxc-s -SpØ c v hnp-b-i-c-amb _Z-ep-Iƒ tziobhmb-\-ime, ]\-a- hpw P\- Iobhmb-\-ime, s]m Ip- -hp-am-bn-cp- p F m A -Ønepw tic-f-ønse \thm- m\ {]{In-b-bpsS Nnd-Intedn Bcw-`n ]\-a- sø tziobhmb-\-im-e, ticfkwÿm-\- Ønse G hpw \ amxrim{kmaowhmb-\-ime- p {]Ya]pc-kv mcw t\sn-b-xm-wv epw Cu Ahm Uv Ah m-wv. Np p-]m-sp-ap k mfli CS-s]-S, Cu 73- mw hb-knepw \n Δ-ln- p tzio-b-hm-b-\-ime Hcp henb Hm Ω-s - Sp-Ø-em-Wv. ticfkaq-lsø Bflm-`n-am-\-ap a\p-jy-cpss kaq-l-am n ]cn-h Ø\w snøm hfschenb ] p-h-ln CS-Xp-]- -sø, Hcp hnimcw t]mse Cu kaqlw G p-hm-ßnbxv H pw hn`m-ko-b-a- msx Db p-h hmb-\-imem 36

37 {]ÿm-\-øns IqSn Icp-Øn-em-bn-cp p. AsXmcp {_l-ømb cmjv{sob {]h Ø-\-am-sW- p Xncn- -dnhv tic-f-ønse CS-Xp-]- -Øn-\p- m-bn-cp- p. C v hmb-\-im-e-iƒ Ne-\m-fl-I-a-. BtKm-fhXv -c-w-øn-s bpw tkmjy-enãv XI -bp-ssbpw ^e-ambn hntam- N\k -ev]ß-fpss am v Ipd-bp-Ibpw Ahsb Imem-\p-kr-X-ambn ]p\ \n Ωn- m-\p tijn s]mxp-hn CS-Xp-]- -Øn-\n- m-xm-hp- Ibpw snøp-tºmƒ kaqlw hgn-b-dn-bmsx Itºmfw Xpd- n-sp sslth-i-fn-eqss s\t m- -tam-sp-i-bmwv. Aßs\ kmt -Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS Nnd-In-tedn si p-im-gvn-i-fpss ]qcwi v \mw ab-ßp-tºmƒ, k m-flicmjv{so-b-{]-h Ø\w Fßs\ thw-sa v tzio-b-hm-b-\-ime Im n-ø-cp-i-bm-wv. Hcp {Kma- Ønse a\p-jy-po-hn-x-øn Irjn, hnzym-`ym-kw, Btcm-Kyw, Ie, Imbn-Iw, t_m[-\w, kmln-xyw, tkh-\w, kwhm-zw, \ms-iw, kn\n-a, ` -W-io-ew XpS-ßnb awvu-e-ß-fn-se mw k Δ-Xekv] in-bmbxpw kq va-hp-amb CS-s]-S Ah Ct mgpw \S-Øp- p! si n-sßfpw Ae-am-c-Ifpw Xpd- -s -SmØ ]pkvx-i-ßfpw am{x-ap hmb- \-im-e-i-fm-bn, tic-f-ønse "am -Øns ti{μ-߃' si p-t]m-iptºmƒ Ch \sω ]Tn- n- p- Xv {]Xn-tcm-[-Øns Hcp ]p-xnb ]mtamwv. AXv \Ωƒ ]Tn- p-sa- n F{X \ m-bn-cp p F v ASn-h-cbn-Sp-I-bm-Wv am{xw Bcw-`n P\-Iobhmb-\-im-e, s]m Ip w. BtKm-f-ap-X-em-fn-Ø-Øns ]pxnbimesø C y A[n-\n-thiw AXns ]q Æ-X-bn-te-s -Øp-tºmƒ, A ]-txmfw AwK-ßfpw 2000 Øn-e-[nIw ]pkvx-i-ß-fp-ambn mw-h XpS-ßp- Xv. C -hnss ]pkvx-i-ß-fp- v AwKßfp v. Ah-scms ]pkvxiw FSpØv hmbn- p- p v! (`mkyw AhnsS ssen-hn-j-\n-. ]Icw hfsc kpo-h-am-b- Hcp "DÆn-b-cßv' AhnsS D v. "cwk-buh\w' F - t]-cn bphm- -fpss k m-fl-i-x-bpss si -gn- p Ah- X-c-W-th-Zn-bp- v. Hcp h\nxm sse{_-td-dn-b-\m-w-hnss D Xv. h\n- X-Iƒ v hmbn- m-\mbn 4 apx 8 hsc-bmwv hmb-\-im-e-bpss {]h Ø\ ka-b-sa- -Xpw, IuXp-I-I-c-am-Wv. Nn{X-I-e, tbmk, kwhm- Z-k-Z-kp-Iƒ, kn\n-a, ]mn-iw, bm{x, D]-I-c-W-kw-Ko-Xw, Btcm-Kyt_m-[\w F nßs\ ]pkvxiw Xpd- n-sp kakvxpme-i-ßfpw Cu kmwkvim-cniti{μ-øn-\p- v. "N m-th-zn'-sb ss{xam-kn-ibpw Ah {]kn- o-i-cn- p- p. A`-b sndp-{]m-b-øn Cu hmb-\-ime-bpss {]h ØI\pambncp p. Ahs AXp-ey-amb kmaq-ly-t_m- 37

38 [-Øn\v ASn-Ø-d-bn CS-sa- -Xn\pw A pdw A`-b-s\-t mse Xs kl-po-hn-isf s\ n-te- p Hcp Iq w sndp- - m Cu hmb-\-ime-bpss kw`m-h-\-bm-bp-s - Xv Rßsf A p-x-s -Sp-Øn. AS- n apdn-i-fn-en-cp-øn, hniz-n-{i-hmfw ]nsn- m a sf ]cn-io-en- n- p bym-ÿn-xn-ixzw tic-f-ønse c m-i Øm- sf BtZiw snbvxp- I-gn- n v 2 Zim-_vZ-am-Ip- p. At m-gmwv hniz-n-{i-hm-f-øn-te v ]d- p-b-cm kmaq-ly-amb km[y-x-iƒ Fs v Cu Iq m-bva-iƒ sxfnbn- p- Xv. \Ω-fnXv ImWptam? 38

39 ae-_m ao v, hb-\msv IrXy-ambn ]d- m, Hcp h jw apºv hb-\m- n cq]-s - I j-i-cpss Hcp Iq mb hyhkmb kwc-`-amwv "ae-_m ao v'-. C-S-Xp-]- -K-h-s v tic-f-øn A[n-Im-c-Øn-en-cn- p ( ) kμ `-Øn P -sa-sp-øv, {]myan-i-amb {]h Ø-\-߃ Bcw-`n hb-\m- nse I j-i AwK-ß-fmb {_ -Kn-cn-sU-h-e- vsa vskm-ssk- n-bmwv "ae-_m ao v' Bcw-`n- p- Xv. Irjn- mcpw Im jni sxmgn-em-fn-ifpw AwK-ß-fm-bp B kl-i-c-w-{]-ÿm\w kl- I-cW \nb-a-øn\p Iogn-e cpn-ã snbvxn- p- -Xv. hb-\m- nse apgp-h ] m-b-øp-i-fnepw {_ -Kncn ^m tagvkv skmssk- n-iƒ cq]o-icn- n- p- v. AXns ti{μ-t_m-unbmwv ae-_m ao v F hyh-kmb kwcw`w Bcw-`n- -Xv. Irjn- m Dev m-zn- n- p Dcp- sf CS-Ø- p-imsc Hgn-hm n kl-i-c-w-kwlw kw`-cn- p-ibpw 39

40 Ahsb amwk D - -ß-fm n kwkv -cn v hn]-wn-bn t\cn v D]- t`m- m- ƒ v \ Ip-I-bp-amWv snøp- -Xv. Irjn- m v Dcp- sf hf Øp- -Xn\pw Xodd D - -ß-fpsS hnx-c-w-øn\pw sshzy-]-cntim-[-\ psams -bp-ff klm-b-߃ skmssk n e`y-am- pw. hb- \msv ^puv B v shpn- -_nƒkv F t]cn ] - dn I j-i-cpss Iq mbva cq]o-i-cn v ( Good Agricultural Practice- GAP) \nehmc-ap Im jni D - -߃ P\-߃ v \ Ip- Xv skmssk- n-bpss as mcp kwc-`-am-wv. I ji kwl-øns t\xmhv IqSnbmb ap Fw. F.F k: IrjvW-{]-kmZv snb am-\mb ae-_m ao ns\ kzn\v ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øn-b-Xv, skmssk- n-bpss sk{i- dn kn.si inhcm-a BWv. CS-Xp-] `cww Cu skmssk- n v I j-i-scbpw sxmgn-em-fn-i-sfbpw hyh-km-b-h -cw {]{In-b-bn ^e-{]-z-ambn IÆn-tN p kwcw-`-sa \ne-bn 14 timsn cq] \ In klm-bn- p. h InS tim -td- p-iƒ v s]mxp-ÿew shdpsx simsp-øpw JP-\m-hn-te- p \nip-xn-iƒ ths - p-sh pw "cmpysø hf Øp ' BtKm-f-hXv -cw\b-߃ v _Z-em-bn, sndp-ins I j- I-scbpw sxmgn-em-fn-i-sfbpw Ah \ Ip \nip-xn-bpss Hcp hnlnxw Xncn- p-\ Ins m v hf -bnepw hni-k-\-ønepw DƒtN p \b-øns `mk-am-bn-cp p Cu klmbw. GXm v 30 timsn cq], I j-i Xs kw`m-h\ snbvxxmwv. I j-i-cpss Bfl-lXymap\-ºmbn ImeØv hb-\msv amdn-b-t mƒ CS- Xp-]- -`-c-w-im-eøv Bfl-hn-izm-k-tØmsS Pohn-XsØ t\cn-sm Ah v ss[cyw e`n- Xv Itºm-f-Øns tx hm-gvns -Xn-cmbn _Z hni-k\ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ sim p h -Xns ^e-am-bn- mwv. ae- _m ao pw, {_ -Kncn skmssk- nbpw tim -td v hmgvn pw `c-w- Iq-Shpw tim -td- p-ifpw tn v \S-Øp Nqj-W-Øn\pw FXn-scbp P\-Iob_Z-emWv. AØcw _Z-ep-Iƒ txsp- -Xn\p ]Icw Nßm-Ø-ap-X-em-fnØw apt m- p-h-bv p s]mxp-j-p-\m-hns Nne-hn Nne-hn h InSIpØ-I-I-fpsS t\xr-xz-øn km[m-c-w-i j-i-cpssbpw sndp-ins hyh-km-bn-i-fp-ssbpw Poh-k- m-c-wsø ]cn-k-wn- m-sx-bp hf m-\bw CS-Xp-] w kzoi-cn- m Ah v F p kw`-hn pw F v _wkmƒ \ap v \nc- cw Im n-ø- p-sim- n-cn- p- I-bm-Wv. ISpØ aqe-[-\-nq-j-w-øn\pw, ItºmfhXv -c-w-øn\pw _Z Xo p-hm CS-Xp-]- -Øn\v Ign-bp-tºmƒ am{xta alm-`q-cn- ] w hcp km[m-c-w- msc kwc- n- m\pw {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn- m\pw Ah v Ign-bp-I-bp- q. aqe-[-\-hm-gvn-bn-eq-ss-bp-ff hyh-km-b-hxv - 40

41 cww sxmgn cln-x-km-º-ønihf bpw Ak-a-Xz-hp-amWv \ Ip- -sx hkvxp-xm-]-c-amb kxyw ad- m ]ns CS-Xp-]- -an-! _wkm-fnse XpS -bmb CS-Xp-]- -`-c-w-øn, B kwÿm\w h Im jnihf -bmwv ssih-cn- n-cp- -Xv ImesØ Im jn-i-h-f m\nc v cmpyøv tihew 3% Bbn-cp-s - n _wkmfn 12% Bbn-cp- p. hyh-km-b-hxv -cww F Bhiyw _wkmfns apt m v t]m n\v A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-cp- p. AXv ]t I j-iscbpw I jisxmgn-em-fn-i-sfbpsams `mk-`m- m- n-sim- p-, IpØI aqe-[-\sø ]cn-an-x-amb Af-hn am{xw B{i-bn psim pf-f-xm-hww F ImgvN- msv _wkm-fnse CS-Xp-] w i -ambn D bn- n- F p tumivs {]`mxv ]Sv\m-bn- ns hna i\w Imew icn-h-bv p-i-bm-wv. _wkm-fnse CS-Xp-] ]cm-p-b-øn\v thsdbpw Imc-W-߃ D mhmw. ]t _Z hni-k\\b-߃ apt m- p-hbv p CS-Xp-]- -Øn\v Itºmfw Nh pxp p hn`m-kßsfsbms IÆn-tN Øp-sIm- - msx AXv apt m- p-sim- p-t]m- Im-\m-hn-. Irjn-bpsS hyh-kmbhxv -c-w-øn\v h InS hyh-kmb h sø B{i-bn- p- -Xn-\p-]-I-cw, {]kvxpx IS-a I j-icpw sxmgnem-fn-ifpas-ßnb kl-i-c-w-{]-ÿm\w Gs -Sp- pi F "ae- _m ao v' amxri hfsc hen-sbmcp cmjv{sob_z IqSn-bm-hp- p F mwv kqnn- n- -Xv. hn]-wn-bpss GIm-[n-]-Xy-Øn\pw ISpØ D]- t`m r Nqj-WØn\pw FXn-sc-bp CS-s]-S IqSn-bmWv ae-_m ao pw {_ -Kncn skmssk- nbpw F p-iqsn \ap v Hm Øp-hbv mw. AXp-sIm- pxs CS-Xp-] w Kuc-h-]q Δw ]cn-k-wn-t _Z hni-k-\-im-gvn- m-sm-w-xv. 41

42 ]e-a-x-km-c-hp-ta-i-sa p ]mcm Xpe-In-sem-cm-\-bn-e- -sc- -t]mse ]e-hn-[-bp n ]d p ]ma-c- m ce-hxp I -e-bm-x-a n-ts-ww. Hcp ax-a-\y\p \nμy-sam- n-temxpw Icp-h-]-c-s IW- n-\q-\-amipw [c-bn-en-xns cl-ky-sam p Xms\ dn-h-fhpw {`asa- -dn- n-ts-ww. s]mcp-xp-p-bn- -X-km- y-sam- n-t\m-ssm s mcp axhpw s]mcp-xm-sem-sp-ßp-hoe ]c-a-x-hm-zn-bn-txm Øo-SmsX ]mtg s]mcp-xp-s]m-en- n-sp-sa _p n-th-ww. Btflm-]-tZ-i-i-XIw {io\m-cm-bwkpcp 42

43 {]IrXnIrjn F {]Xn-tcm[w Im jn-i hyh-kmb IpØ-I-Iƒ kakvx Im jni {]h Ø-\hpw ]nsn- -S- ns m- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. AXns thsdm-c w, 60% P\-ß-fpsS D]-Po-h\w "\mb \ p p' F mwv. AanXamb IoS-\m-in-\n-{]-tbmKw ` - WsØ hnj-am- p p. cmk-h-f-hpw IoS-\m-in- \nbpw \n߃ p shdp- m-sw- n, ssph-ir-jnbpw ssph-io-s-\m-in-\nbpw sdun. F mw Hscm tam kmt m \n߃ p Xcpw. temi-ønse 25% ` ym-h-iy-߃ "\n Δ-ln- p ' tam kmt m icn pw ]pxnb apx-em-fn-ø- Øns amxr-i-bmwv. Cß-s\-sbm-s -bmwv Imcy-߃ F -Xp-sIm- m-wv, I j-i-cpss kzbw-{]-xn-tcm-[-kw-l-ß-fpw Iq p-ir-jn-bpw AhcpsS kl-i-c-w-kw-l-hpw {]Ir-Xn-Irjnbpsams hnπ-h-ß-fm-hp- Xv. Irjn Hcp kwkv- m-c-am-wv B hm n Xs. ]t AsXmcp hyh-km-b-am-wn v. Irjn kwkv m-c- 43

44 Im\w ]msøv Rmdp \Sp hnzym niƒ hpw AXn-Po-h-\m-bp-[-hp-am-sW v ]d-bp-tºmƒ, ]p n- p- -h-cn CS- Xp-]- - m t]mep-ap- v. \S- mø Imcy-߃ ]d-bp- -h F - XmWv B ]p -Øns ]nd-inse hnimcw. ]t Ch Adn-bmØ Imcyw, Irjn-sb kwkvim-csø Xncn- p-]n-sn- m-\p \nch[nbmb ]cn-{i-a-߃ apx-em-fnø temi-ß-fn t mepw hfsc kpo-h-ambn \S- p p F Imcy-amWv. Btcm-Ky-Po-hnXw ]ucm-h-im-i-am-sw v {]Jym-]n- p-sim- v, Im jni IpØ-I-Iƒs -Xn-cmb t]mcm- -am-bmwv Ah-sbms Db p-h-cp- -Xv. BtcmKy{]Xn-k n B[p-\nI Im jniipø-i-i-fpss krjvsn-bm-sw pw AsXmcp Xami]d- n-es pw Xncn- -dn-bp Iq m-bva-i-fmwv {]IrXnIrjnbpw ssph-irjnbpsams ]co- n v _Z krjvsn- p- -h. AXn-sem- mwv k: lnem-ens t\xr-xz-øn tim bw Pn -bn \S- p "{]IrXnIrjn'. CsXmcp _Z-e F v Ah ]dbpw. ImcWw CXmWv icn-bmb Irjn; bym Irjn. At mƒ Irjn-s -Xn-cmb {]h Ø- \-ßsf bym Irjn-sIm p {]Xn-tcm-[n- p-i-bmwv lnemepw kwlhpw snøp- -Xv. CXn-\mWv _Z F p ]d-bp- Xv. hnp-b-i-camb _Z-embn F.-F-kv. si sxcs -SpØ {]IrXnIrjn-bpsS cmjv{so-b-sa- m-sw v hy w. \ap- -dnbmw, 60% a\p-jy Im jnitaj-esb Ah-ew-_n v Pohn- p C y-bn \nc-h[n ]ptcm-k-a\ I j-i I jisxmgn- 44

45 emfnkwl-s-\-iƒ D v. F m Ah snøp {][m\imcyw k m \b-ßsf hna in v henb {]kvxm-h\ Cd- pi F -XmWv. NS-ßp-I-fmbn Nne I jika-c-ßfpw D mhpw. AXn "I j-i " D m-hn-s p am{xw. IpØ-I-I-sfbpw Im jn-i-cw-ksø aqe-[-\m- [n-\n-th-i-søbpw "sndp- p ' {]ta-b-߃ hcpw. ]t, "{]tbmkw' F kwkxn IWn-Im-Wm t]mepw D m-hn. F m CXn \n v hyxy-kvx-ambn Itºm-fm-[n-\n-th-isØ sndp- p "{]tbm-k-amwv' {]Ir-Xn-Irjn. AXo kwl-s-\-i-fpss AP- -b. AXn-\-h I j- Isc t{]cn- n- n-. AXn\v th n Hcp h Ivtjm pw \S-Øn. Aßs\-sbms snøp-tºmƒ am{x-ta, amciios-\m-in\n {]tbm-k-øn\pw tam km-t m-sb IpØ-Ibv pw FXn-cmb bym -k-acw \S- p- I-bp q F -h a\-kn-em- p- n-. Aßs\ snbvxm Ah-cpsS kwl-s\ P\-ß-fpsS Ah-Im-i-Øn\pth n-bp P\-ap-t - -amhpw \S-Øp-I. ]pxnb ImesØ h kacw _Z-ep-I-fpsS taemwv IØn- -S-cp- -sx kxyw a\-kn-em- msxbp Cu bm{x, \nc -I-ambn Xocp-sa v \mw Xncn- -dn-tb- -Xp v. lnem t\xrxzw simsp- p {]IrXnIrjn-sb _Z cmpysø CS-Xp-] I ji I j-i-sxmgn-emfn kwl-s-\-iƒ Ah-cpsS kwl-s\m]cn-]msnbmbn hni-kn- nt cmjv{so-b-_-z-emwv. ""{]Ir-Xnsb A\p-k-cn pw BZ-cn pap Irjn apx-em-fn-ø-øn-s\-xn-cmb {]Xn-tcm-[hpw {]Xym-{I-a-Whpw BsW'' p km m s^u-dniv FwK kns \nco- -Ww, At±lsØ Xeßpw hneßpw D -cn- p- -h-cpss cmjv{sob{]tbm-k-ønte v IS- p-h-cp- n F hna i\w Ah {i n- ptam? ""ImS-Ø-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn Db Øp _Z tkmjy-en-k-am-wv; CXv shdpw Bi-b-a. AsXmcp {]tbm-k-am-wv. AXv R߃ n-ßs\-bmwv'' F v {]Jym-]n lyqtkm jmthmkv Cßs\ "_Z ' krjvsn- p Xns A\n-hm-cy-X-bmWv Du n- -d- -Xv. lnem-ens {]IrXnIrjn-t]mse H v. am Ivknkw {]tbm-k-im-kv{x-amwv; AXn- msx am Ivkn-k-an- -F XXz-amWv ChnsS "{]Ir-Xn-Irjn' Bbn hni-kn- n- p- Xv. "]t kjmth AXn\v \ap- mzyw am Ivkn-Ãmh-t...' F p tnmzn- p- -h v, "R߃ AXns {]tbm-k-øn-eqss am Ivkn-Ãm-hp-I-bmWv' F {]Jym-]-\-amWv {]IrXnIrjn-bn-eqsS \mw tiƒ p ktμiw. AsX. krjvsn-]-c-amb _Z-emWv _Z cmjv{so-bsø krjvsn- p- Xv. AXns Hcp Ffnb {]tbm-k-amwv {]IrXnIrjn. 45

46 ssa t] t^m F anj hnzym n-iƒ F \ne-bn kaq-l-øn\v F p \ Im-\mhpw F Nn -bn \n pw BWv "ssa t] t^m F anj ' F elpkw-cw`w XpS-ßp- -Xv. a{zmkv {InkvXy timtf- Pnse Hcp sndp-iq w hnzym n-iƒ, Ah-cpsS apdn-i-fn hcp-øp t] tij-cn v hn v e`n- p ]Ww \n -\-cmb tcmkn-iƒ pw Bcpw klm-bn- m-\n- m-ø-h pw \ Ip-I-bmWv snøp- -Xv \hw-_-dn am{xw Bcw-`n anj B amkw hnzym n-i-fn \n pw 280 Intem t] kw`-cn- p-hs{x! Xmº-csØ CΩm- \p-th am txm-am-kwlw BWv Cu ]cn-]m-sn v t\xrxzw \ Ip- -Xv. Hcp hnzym n v icmicn 6 Intem t] e`n- p- p- v. timtf-pnse apgp-h hnzym n-i-fn-te- pw, XpS p a v timtf-pp-i-fn-te pw "anj ' hym]n- 46

47 p-i-bm-wn-t mƒ... \ Ip t] -dn\pw e`n- p ]W-Øn\pw ]mkv _p v \ Im\pw anj\v ]cn-]m-sn-bp- v. hnzym n-i-fpss kmaq-lni IS-abpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw ]mgm-hp hn`-hsø ap \n Øn, t] hn`-h-߃ \n Ωn v ]Ww kw`-cn- v, ]mh-߃s -Øn- p-i-sb {]{In-b-bn-eqsS ASn-h-c-bn-Sp-I-bmWv Cu sndp-iq- mbva snøp- -Xv. Xo -bmbpw GXp hnzym n-iq- m-bva pw Gs -Sp- m-hp ZuXy-amWv ssa t] t^m F anj F -XmWv kxyw. 47

48 Hcp _Z am yaw F \ne-bn ]n.-f. Pn N - mbn hnx-cww snbvx t{_mj-dn ]n.-f.-pn-tb- p-dn v ]d- n-cp Imcy-߃ GXm- n-ß-s\-bm-wv. ""]n.-f.pn _pf-f- n 2000 Pq amk-øn {]kn- o-i-cn- -s Hcp \mev t]pp-i-fp en n amk-kn-\m-bn-cp- p. \mev t]pn \n v 18 t]pnte- pw, XpS v 48 t]pn-te pw AXv hf p. C v 132 t]pp-i-tfmss ss{xam-kni Bbn- m-wv ]n.-f.pn Cd-ßp- -Xv. BtKm-f-hXv -cwhncp sxmgn-emfnka-c-߃ p ka-cm-bp-[-ß-fm-w- Xn {]kn- o-i-cn- p- -Xv. ÿnxnhn-hciw- p- Isf cmjv{sobka-cm-bp-[-am- p Hcp kwkvicwamw-xn-eqss \S- p- -Xv. ÿnxnhnh-c-ßfpw hkvxp-x-ifpw Bi-b-ß-tfmSv IÆn-tN p- Ibpw hnkvt^m-s-\-ti-jn-bp Bbp-[-am- p- Ibpw snøp-tºmƒ ]n.-f.pn a v cmjv{sob{]kn- o-i-c-w-ß-fn \n v hyxy-kvx-am-ip- p. XpS wapx Cu tpmen-bmwv ]n.-f.pn 48

49 snbvxph -Xv. Ct mƒ AXv A w henb Iym hm-kn-em-sw v am{xw. 103 e -ßfpw 18 {]txyi ]pkvx-i-ß-fp-am-wv CXn-t\m-SIw ]n.-f. Pn {]kn- o-i-cn- -Xv.'' Hcp _Z CS-Xp-]- -am- yaw F cq]- Øn ]n.-f.-pn-sb- p-dn v Cu tej-i hni-zo-i-cn- -Xv Cß-s\-bmWv. R߃ ÿnxn-hn-hciw- p-isf BtKm-f-h -cwhncp cmjv{sob{]h Ø-\-Øn-\p ka-cm-bp-[-am n kwkvi-cn- p-ibpw km{am-py-xz-hn-cp t]mcm- -߃ p Dd-h-bm- p-ibpw snøp p. \n Po-h-amb IW- p-ifpw ÿnxn-hn-h-c-ßfpw am sø klm-bn- ns pw Ah-bn-te v cmjv{sob kmaq-lni am\w DƒtN-cp-tºmƒ AtX hnh-c-߃ kmaq-ly-am- -Øn\v Icp-Øp-]-I-cp-sa- p-amwv ]n.-f.pn sxfnbn p sim n-cn- p- -Xv. CS-Xp-]- -߃ t]mepw _Z hyh-ÿ-bp-ssbpw cmjv{so-b-øns bpw kwkv m-c-øn-s bpw km[y-x-isf th -hn[w apt m p hbv m asn Hcp ImeØv (2000 \p tijw) CS-Xp-]- -Øns {]k- nbpw {]m[m-\yhpw tkmjy-enãv _Z-ens ]pxnb ImesØ {]txy-i-x-i-fp-sams \nc- cw N snøp-i-bm-wv ]n.-f.pn snbvx- Xv. Hcp \h CS-Xp-]- -sø, As - n \h-en-_-d-en-k-øn-s\xn-scbp "hnπh-amb {]Xntcm[-{]-ÿm\w' F ]cn-t{]- y-øn \n psim- mwv ]n.-f.pn CS-Xp-]- -cm-jv{so-bhpw ImS apx-em-fn-ø-hmgvnbpw N m-hn-t[-b-am- p- -Xv. khn-ti-j-amb Cu hy nxzw ]n.- F.-Pnsb AXv A{Ukv snøp kwl-s\m{]h Ø-I-cnepw CS-Xp- ] sxmgn-emfn {]h Ø-I-cnepw kzm[o\w snep-øp i n-bmbn \ne-\n Øp- p. ]c-ky-h-cp-am-\-ß-fn- m-sx, kºq Æ-ambpw hmb-\- m-cp-ssbpw hcn- m-cp-tsbpw hnln-xw-sim p am{xw \ne-\n p- p F Xv ]n.- F.-Pn-bpsS _Z ]cn-th-j-øns {][m\ Imc-W-ß-fn-sem- mwv! hyh-ÿm-]nx N - q-sp-itfm kam-\-amb{]h Ø-Itcm AXn-\n-. Hmtcm hnj-bsø ASn-ÿm-\-am- n-bmwv Hmtcm e -ßfpw. Hcp {]txyi hnj-b-sø- p-dn v AXns cmjv{so-bhpw kmaq-lni {]k- nbpw Is -Øp-hm tij-cn-t - n-h-cp ÿnxn-hn-h-c-ß-fpw, ]T- \-ßfpsams hfsc Bg-ap At\z-jWw A\n-hm-cy-am- p- p. AXp-sIm- p-xs ]n.-f.pn. pth n AXns {]h Ø-I hf-scb-[niw ka-bhpw A[zm\hpw sne-hn-ts- n-h-cp- p- v. bmsxmcp {]Xn- ^-ehpw hmßmsx \S-Øp Cu \nc- c{]h Ø-\sØ Xß-fpsS cmjv{sob km-aq-ln-i {]h Ø-\-ambn ImWp-I-bmWv R߃ snøp- Xv. 49

50 ]n.-f.pn a[y-\nc CS-Xp-]- kwl-s\m{]h Ø-I-sc-bmWv A`nkw-t_m-[\ snøp- -Xv. Ah v am{xw a\-kn-em-hp `mj-bm-w- Xn-t Xv. AXn\v api-fn-te-t m hnim-e-amb P\-ß-fn-se-t m ]n.-f.pn Cu cq]-øn FØm\pw km[y-x-bn-. Ct mƒ FØp- pan. Hcp _Z am[yaw F \ne-bn AØcw km[y-x-iƒ Ds - nepw Aßs\ hni-kn- m-hp LS-\b Ct mƒ ]n.-f.pn p Xv. AXv AXn\v tijn-bp- -h snøs F mwv R߃ Icp-Xp- -Xv. CS-Xp-] am y-a-cw-køpw sxmgn-em-fn-kw-l-s-\-i-fpss am ya CS-s]-S cwkøpw Hgn p InS- p "HcnSw' BWv ]n.-f. Pn D]- tbm-kn- p- -Xv. Bfl-hn-izm-k-tØmsS hyh-ÿm-hn-cp cmjvsobw ]dbm\pw {]N-cn m\pw D Du -am-wxv hnx-cww snøp- -Xv. AXpsIm- p-xs ]n.-f.pn Hcp _Z Bhn-jv m-chpw {]tbm-k-hp-amwv F v R߃ Icp-Xp- p. 14 h j-ambn XpS-cp ]n.-f.pn bpss {]h Ø-\m-\p-`-h-߃ Bth-i-I-c-am-Wv. AXn-\p kzoim-cy-xbpw AwKo-Im-chpw B {]h Ø\w XpS-cp-hm hnc-en FÆm-hp CXns kwlm-s-i v {]tnm-z-\-am-wv. 103 mw e w Cw o-jn X a snbvxv AXns tkm^v v tim n cmpy-øm-si-bp kwl-s-\m-t\-xr-xz-߃ v C sabn snøp-hm R߃ pign- p. ""_lp-p\ hnzym-`ymk {]h Ø-\-ß-fpsS al-\ob amxr-i-bmwv \nß-fp-ts-xv. Cßs\ XymK- ]q Æ-amb ZuXy-߃ Gs -Sp- p ]n.-f.pn Soans\ A`n-\-μn- p p'' F v kn.-sf.- n.bp AJn-te ym A y- k: F.sI ]fl-\m-` R߃s -gp-xn-b-xv hn\-b-]q Δw ChnsS Hm -s. Hcp ]n.-f.pn ]pkvxiw AXns hmb-\- m-c-\n-eqss, hmb-\- m-cn-bn-eqss Bbn-c- -W- n-\m-fpifpss apºn-te v FØn-t -cp- ps v R߃ -dn-bmw. CXv apt m v hbv p hnh-c-ßfpw hkvxp- X-Ifpw kwl-s\mt\xm- -fp-ssbpw {]h Ø-I-cp-tSbpw {]kw-k߃ pw {]N-c-W-߃ pw kp{]-[m-\-amb hn`-h-amwv. AXp-sIm- p- Xs ]n.-f.-pn-bpss \n»-_vz-amb km n yw tic-f-ønse CS-Xp-] kwl-s-\m-cw-køv hym]-i-am-bp-s v R߃ a\- n-em- p- p. F m adp-h-iøv ]n.-f.pn {]kn- o-i-cn- p Ipdn- p-iƒ AXv apt m- p-sh-bv p hnime CS-Xp-]- -cm-{ o-b-øn \n v th s]- SpØn hmbn- p-tºmƒ, AYhm {]N-cn- n- p-tºmƒ kw`-hn- p- Xv shdpw {`am-fl-i-amb ÿnxnhnh-c-ß-fpss Ah-X-cWw am{x-am-wv. AXv tiƒ p- -h pw hmbn- p- -h pw IuXp-I- -I-c-am-hp-sa- -Xn- \- pdw cmjv{so-b-amb Du w krjvsn- p-sa v R߃ -`n-{]m-b-an- 50

51 . ]n.-f.pn. bnse cmjv{sobipdn- p-iƒ AXp-t]mse ]p\:{]kn- o- I-cn- p- -Xn\v ]I-cw, AXn Dƒs -Sp ÿnxn-hn-h-c- -W- p-iƒ am{xw FSpØv {]kn- o-i-cn- p-ibpw {]N-cn- n- p-ibpw snøp- Xv c v Imc-W-ß-fm-em-Imw. H v ]n.-f.pn bpss Ipdn- p-iƒ ]e-t mgpw kzx-{ -am-sbmcp ImgvN- msv apt m v hbv p- p- v. AXv A{Ukv snøp- Xv H pw k p-nn-x-a- mø am IvknÃv CS-Xp-] [mc-w-ifn-eq- n-bn- m-wv. AXv ]e-t mgpw "{]mtbm-kni' kwl-s-\m-{]-h Ø-\- Øn\v kzoim-cy-am-hp- n-. ]n.-f.pn Icp-Xp- -Xp-t]m-se- ÿnxnhnh-c- -W- p-i-fpss ]nd-inse PohnXw, AYhm cmjv{sobw CS-Xp-]- - Øns {]Nm-c-Wm-bp-[-am- Ww F [mc-w-bn-te v \ΩpsS apjy- [mc asn- p- p-sh- -Xmhmw c m-asø Imc-Ww. Npcp- -Øn Bgap CS-Xp-] cmjv{so-b-{]-h Ø\w D m- p Aku-I-cy-߃ Hgn-hm- p- -Xn\v "]n.-f.pn bpss cmjv{sobw' hn p-i-f-bp-i-bmwv ]ecpw snøp- Xv. ]Icw D]-cn- -π-h-amb ]cn-jv -cw ka-c-߃ p ASnÿm\ hnh-c-ti-j-c-ambn AXns\ D]-tbm-Kn- p- Xv hfsc Ffp- ap Imcy-am-sW v Ah Xncn- -dn-bp-ibpw snøp- p. Cu ]cn-anxn adn-i-s- m ]n.-f. Pn bpss hmb-\- m-cmb kwl- S\m cmjv{sob{]h Ø-I am{xw hnnm-cn- m Ign-bp-sa v R߃ Icp-Xp- n-. AXv BtKm-f-hXv -cw ImeØv s]mxp-hn ]ptcm-ka\ cmjv{so-b-sø _m[n- n- p Po Æ-X-bpsS IqSn krjvsn-bm-wv. aqe-[-\-hmgvn Db Øn-hn-Sp "C-S-Xp-] w' A{]-k- -am-sb- p hmz-ßsf kzmwio-i-cn- p-tºm-gp "s]mxp-k Δ-k-ΩnXnbmWv AXn\p ]pd-in-ep- -Xv. CS-Xp-]- sø Hcp km-[m-cw cmjv{sob]m n am{xam- p-tºmƒ Acn phogvø-s -Sp- Xv AXns hyxy-kvxhpw hyxncn- -hp-amb ASn-ÿm-\-Im-gvN- m-sp-iƒ Xs -bm-wv. "kmaq-ly-am w' F e yhpw AXn-\p ]cn-]m-snbpw t]mcm- -ßfpw \njv^-e-am- p-tºmƒ R߃ Icp-Xp- Xv Cu ]cn-anxn adn-i-s- m hf-sc-b- [niw t i-ap-s v Xs -bm-wv. AXv ]t km[y-am-sw v am{xa, AXpam{X-amWv km[y-amb ]cn-lmcw F pw R߃ Icp-Xp- p. tziob sxc-s -Sp- n CS-Xp-] w t\cn ]cm-pbw AØcw Bgap Bfl-]-cn-tim-[-\bv pw Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ pw hgn-sh- p-sa v C y-bnse apjy-[mcmcs-xp-]- -]m n-iƒ kzbw hne-bn-cp-øn-bn- p- v. Ah kmaq-ly-am- sø apjy AP- -bm n am p-sa- n, XX- \p-kr-x-amb ap K-W-\-Ifpw coxn-ifpw kzoi-cn- p-sa- n apx-em-fn- Ø-hn-cp- -cm-jv{so-bhpw AXn-\p ÿnxnhnh-c- -W- p-ifpw Btcm- Ky-I-c-amb hn[w kwtbm-pn- p-ibpw ktω-fn- p-ibpw snøpw. At mƒ ]n.-f.pn F "_Z ' A{]-k- -amhpw. R߃ snbvxp-sim- n-cp 51

52 tpmen apjy-[mcmcs-xp-] am[y-a-߃ hnim-e-amb Iym hm-kn AXn-hn-]p-e-ambn P\-ß-fn-te-s Øpwhn[w Gs -Sp- p-tºmƒ ]n.-f.pn bpss ZuXyw ]q Øn-bm-hpI Xs snøpw F mwv R߃ Icp-Xp- -Xv. AX-s - n, At mƒ thsdmcp cq]-øn AXn\v ]p\ - \n-t n hcpw. F{X-bpw-thKw AXp- m-h-w-sa- mwv R߃ B{Kln- p- -Xv. CXv ]n.-f.pn bpss kwlm-si-cpss am{xw B{K-l-a. AXns alm-`q-cn-] w hmb-\- m-cp-ssbpw A`n-{]m-b-amWv. 52

53 _Z-ens cmjv{sobw bym -Øn A`-b kvamc-i-ti{μw ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Ønb F v _Z Bhn-jv m-cßfpw ]pxnbime-øns A[n-\n-th-i-ßsf {]Xn-tcm-[n- p-ibpw \ntj-[n- p-ibpw snøp CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ Xs Bbn-cp- p. BtKm-f-aq-e-[- \-ta-[m-hn-xz-øns kmº-øni kmaq-lni kmwkvim-cni am ya A[n-\n-th-i-tØm-Sp {]Xn-tj-[-߃. CsX mw kmaq-ly-am- -Øn\v th n Xo{h-ambn B{K-ln- p-ibpw {]h Øn- p-ibpw snøp-tºmƒ Db p-h-cp Bhnjv m-c-ß-fmwv. F m A -Ønepw bym CS-Xp-]- -Øns i_vzhpw i nbpw km[y-x-ifpw ]pd-øp-sim- p-h-cp {]h Ø-\-߃ BWn-Xv. At\z-jn- m tic-f-øn Xs CØcw Bbnc- -W- n\v _Z Bhn-jv m-c-߃" \ap v 53

54 Is -Øm-\mhpw Ah krjvsn- p Du -Øns Af-sh-Sp-Øm AXn Nne-t mƒ \ΩpsS apjy-[mcm cmjv{so-bhpw kwkvim-chpw Hs apßn-øm-gp-ibpw snøpw. F n pw \thm- m-\-øn-s bpw ]ptcm- K-a\ cmjv{so-b-øn-s bpw ]Xm-I-tb- p \Ωƒ Cu _Z Bhnjv m-c-ßsf Gs -Sp- p-i-tbm, kzoi-cn- p-itbm snøp- -Xn\v ]Icw aqe-[-\-øns Idn- q- p-iƒ sim v kzy-bp- m- p Xnc- n-emwv F p-sim- m-wn-ßs\ kw`-hn- p- -sx- p KuchXc-amb kmaqln-i-n bpw At\z-j-Whpw D m-hp-sa v {]Xo- n- mt\ Ign-bq. hyh-ÿm-hn-cp t]mcm- -ß-fn G s -Sp- -h, Ah cmjv{so-b kmaq-ln-i am -sa e y-amwv s\t - p- -sx- n _Z Pohn- Xhpw kwkvim-chpw cmjv{so-bhpw ap n sh- p-sim- - msx hnpbw I Ncn{Xw temi-øn-en-. `c-w-iq-ssø "_e-{]-tbm-k-øn-eqss' A n-a-dn- n-t m, Kdn- m-hn-π-h-øn-eqss A[n-Imcw ]nsn-s -Sp-Ønt m ]pxnb ImeØv cmjv{sob A[n-Imcw alm-`q-cn-] w hcp P\-߃ v e`yam- m-sa [mc-w-iƒ A\yw \n p-t]m-bn v Zim_vZw 3 Ign p. AØcw Hcp km-l-n-cy-øn P\-ßsf AWn-\n-c-Ønbpw hnizm-k- Øn-se-SpØpw Ah-cpsS hyhÿ. AXm-bXv ]pxnb \q m- nse h - k-a-c-ß-fpss ti{μ-ÿm-\øv _Z Bhn-jv m-chpw Pohn-Xhpw ss[cy-ambn IS- n-cn- p- p-sh v ]d-bmw. c m-asø Imc-Ww, \hen-_-dn-enkw \ΩpsS PohnXw Xs AXn-\-\p-kr-X-ambn \nc- cw "]pxp- n- Wn' bp p-sh- Xpw \ΩpsS {]Xn-tcm-[-Øn\pw {]Xym-{Ia-W-Øn\pw hsc Ah-cpsS amxr-i-iƒ krjvsn- p p F -Xp-amWv. AXv \mw Adn-bmsX t]mip kxy-am-wv. \ap- p-th n aqe-[\w ITn\m[zm\w snøp-i-bmwv1 kmaq-ly- {]-h Ø-\-Øn-\pw, XymK-Øn\pw [m Ωn-I-X pw F n\v cmjv{so-b- Øn\v t]mepw \h-en-_-d-enkw "amxr-i-iƒ' Xo Øp-sIm- n-cn- p-ibmwv F.Pn HmIƒ apx kzxz-cm-jv{sob {]tbm-k-߃ hsc Cu ka-ky-i-fpss ]qc-w-am-wv. Cu k Δ-Xe kv] in-bmb A[n-\n-thi-sØbpw B{I-a-W-ß-sfbpw _Z cmjv{sob kmwkv m-cni kmaq-lni {]h Ø-\-am-Xr-I-Iƒ krjvsn- -sim v FXn-cn-Sm-sX, Ahsb P\-߃ th Xn-cn- -dn-bn. Cu {]Xn-k n temi-am-si-bp-, {]Xntcm-[-{]-ÿm-\-ßfpw hntam-n-\-cm-jv{so-b- mcpw t\cn- \p`-hn- p- p-sh- Xv ]I t]mse hy -amwv. (A-Xp-sIm- mwv P\m-[n-]-Xy-tkmjy-en-k-Øns ]pø {]tbm-k-km-[y-x-iƒ lyqtkm jmthkpw em n-\-ta-cn- \h tkmjy-en-ãp-ifpw Db Øn-bXpw AXv hmgvø- 54

55 s - p-sim- n-cn- p- -Xpw) ]gb tkmjy-enãp amxr-i-i-fnepw P\m-[n- ]-Xy-c-ln-X-{]-tbm-K-ß-fnepw kmaq-ln-i-hn-i-i-e-\-ß-fnepw A`n-c-an- p- -h ]pxnb ImeØv hfsc thkw "A{]-k- -amhpw' F -Xn\v IqSp- X sxfnhv \nc-tø- -Xn. Cu Zim-k- n-bn-em-wv, ImS aqe-[-\-hm-gvn pw Iog-S-ß-ep- Iƒ p-sa-xn-sc-bp sndp-iq- -ß-fpsS _Z-em-hn-jvI-c-W-߃' ]nd- p- Xv AXn Nne-Xns\ Is -Øp-Ibpw ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øp-I-bp-amWv A`-b kvarxn-bn snbvxxv. Cu At\z-jWw cmpy-amsi hym]n- n- p-i-bpw, apjy-[mcm CS-Xp-] cmjv{sob {]ÿm-\-ß-fp-ambn Ahsb IÆn-tN p-ibpw thww. \h-en-_-dn-en-k-øn-s\-xnsc _Z cm-jv{sobw apt m v hbv p GI-cm-jv{Sob i n CS-Xp-]- am-sw- -Xn-\m _Z Bhn-jv m-c-ß-fpss cmjv{so-b-am-b {]tbmkw Ah-cpsS IS-a-bm-hp-I-bm-Wv. Cu henb kxyw Hm Ω-s -Sp-Øp- -Xn- \m-wv, A`-bs Nc-a-Zn-\m-N-cWw hgn-xp-d- -Xv. A`-bs\ Hm m, Ah-\p-b Ønb kwkvim-c-søbpw cmjv{so-b-søbpw Hm p-i-bmwv R߃ snøp- -sx v'' _me-t\z-j-w-߃'' F BZy-Zn-\-Ønse BZy-]-cn-]m-Sn-sIm p Xs, A`-b {SÃv {]Jym-]n- p-i-bmwv snbvxxv! XpS p-h ]cn-]m-sn-iƒ Cu {]Jym-]-\-Øn\v Bbncw ASn-h-c-Iƒ Nm Øp-Ibpw snbvxp. 55

56 A\y-P-\-Xsb Iog-S- nb tpxm-hn-s\-t m-se, \Ωƒ {]Ir-Xnsb AS n `cn- p-i-b-s - pw, amwkhpw c hpw Xe-t m-dp-sa- m-ambn \Ωƒ {]Ir-Xn-bpsS hi-bm-sw pw, AXn-s HØ-\-Sp-hn ÿnxnsnøp- -h-cm-sw- pw, AXns \nb-a-߃ ]Tn- m\pw icn-bmbn {]tbm-kn- m\pw Ign-hp-s sa w as m P p- -tfbpw At]- n v \ap- p-s - -Xn-emWv AXns taep \ΩpsS F m A[o-i-Xzhpw AS-ßn-bn-cn- p- -sx pw Hmtcm Im hbv]pw \sω A\p-kva-cn- n- p- p. s{^u-dniv FwK kv 56

57 A`-bs\ Ah Hm sø-sp-ø-t mƒ A`-b A\p-kva-cW ]cn-]m-sn-bnse BZy- Zn-\-Øn D - p-tijw A`-bs Iq p-imcpw kl-]m-tn-ifpw Ahs\ Hm sø-sp- p HØptN-c-emWv \S- -Xv. t\xm- - m-cpss A\p-kva-c- W-{]-`m-jWw F NS-ßn\p]Icw A`-bs H mw Nc-a-Zn-\-am-N-cn- m a{zmkv {InkvXy timtf-pn \n pw ]e-bn-s-ømbn tpmen snøp- Ibpw ]Tn- p-ibpsams snøp Ahs 30 Hmfw kl-]m-tn-iƒ s]m Ip- -søøn. A`bs \m p-imcpw kplr-øp- fpw cmjv{sob {]h Ø-I-cp-sa mw tiƒhn- m-cmb B A\pkva-cWw thsdmcp _Z Bhn-jv m-c-ambn Xo p-sh v ]d-bmw. D]-\ym-k-Im-c {]kw-k- I, \ms-i-im-c, hmb-\-im-em-{]-h Ø-I, k -[-\-\mb kwlm-s-i\pw a\p-jy-kvt\- lnbpsams Bbn-cp A`-b\v 22 h jw 57

58 2013 \hw-_ 14 \v \S ]cn-]m-sn-bn kn.-f-kv.-kp-pmx A`bs OmbmNn{Xw A\m mz\w snøp- p. am{xw A\p-h-Zn p \ Inb Ime-tØmSv Iem]w Iq p-hm txm n- n- p Xo{h-X-bm-bn-cp- p Ahs Iq p-im-cpss apdn p apdn p hogp hm p-iƒ.v a{zmkv {InÃy timtf-pnse bym-ÿn-xni Iymº-kn-se, cmjv{sobw sxm p-xo- mø Ip n-iƒ... Xß-fpsS CSbn IS- p-h v Iem]w Iq p-ibpwie-ln- p-ibpw Ifn-bm- p-ibpw IhnX ]msp-ibpw IY-]-d-bp-I-bpw, Iq w-tn-cm {]tnm-zn- n- p-ibpw kvt\ln- m ]Tn- n- p-ibpsams snbvx A`-b-s\- p-dn v hmnme-cm-bn. Aß-s\-sbm-cmƒ s]s -s mcp\mfn ad- p-t]m-b-xns Xo{h-ambs\mºcw Ah-cpsS hm p-ifn \ngen p\n ncp p. ]s, Ahcn \n v NnXdnhoW hm piƒ v, Ah n- v Ahcpw \Ωfpw ]d-bp Cu "cmjv{sob" Øn\v ISpØ Nph v \ndw Bthm-f-ap- m-bncp- p. AXv A`-b s\ n kq n CS-Xp-] cmjv{so-bhpw {]Xn- _- -Xbpw AXns Bhn-jvImcw \ Ip A\p-`-h-km- y-ß-fp-ambn-cp- p. Ah Ahsc tzjyw ]nsn- n p. hg p ]d p. ]ns H w \S- p. kvt\lw hmcn-ø- p. -"\-Ωƒ' BWv "\o'bpw "Rm\p'as v t_m[y-s -SpØn. A`bs kl]mtn Xangv\m pimcn s] Ip n Hm søspøxv "H- p-an- m t]sn-bm-bn-cp Xs Ahs\mcp kmaq-ly-{]-h Ø-I-bm- nb' IY-bm-bn-cp p Ah - Rßsf \ms-i- mcpw Ihn-Xm-kzm-Z-I-cp-am- n. Ah 58

59 Rßsf Hcp bym-ÿn-xni Iymº-knse Iem-]-Im-cn-I-fm- n. Ah shdpsx NoØ-]-d-bp-tºmƒ, AXv Rß-fpsS knc-i-fn kvt\l- Øns IpsØm-gp- mbn Xocp-I-bm-bn-cp- p. DW-cm\pw D -bn- m\pw Ah Rßsf \n _- n- p-sim- n-cp p. Ah Rßsf hy n- Xz-ap- -h-cm- n.. Bfl-hn-izm-k-Øns Dd-h-I-fmbn R߃... A`-bs Cu {]txy-i-x-iƒ Ah ]n Xp-S Z i-\-øns Pohn-X-ho- -W-Øn-s, cmjv{sob {]Xn-_- -X-bpsS {]Xn-^-e-\-am- W v Ah-cpsS hm p-iƒ ]d-bmsx ]d psim n-cp- p... Ahs\ Hm m Gsd-Zqcw Xm n Ah t\csø ChnsS FØn-b-Xv...-Ahs {Kma-Ønepw {]h Ø-\-ta-J-e-I-fn-ep-ambn Ipsd-t\cw Nne-h-gn- m Xocp-am-\n- -Xv.. Ahs Iq p-im-tcmspw kjm- -tfmspw H w c p \mƒ Pohn- m Xocp-am-\n- -Xv... AXv hnfw-_cw snøp- Xv AhcpsS cmjv{sobw Xs -bm-wv. AXv A`-bs kw`m-h-\-bm-wv. Cu ]pxnb Xe-ap-d- mtwm cmjv{sobw Cs v \mw Icp-Xp- Xv..? AXmWv ]pxnb ImesØ cmjv{so-bw. AYv Xncn- -dn-bm-øxv AhcpsS Ip -a {]Xn-ÿm-\Øv \ΩpsS bym-k-ÿn-xn-i-xz-am-wv. 59

60 A`bw 2014 cmjv{so-b-an- mø ]pxp-x-e-ap-d- m-cpss "cmjv{sobw' ]d- n-ens lrzy-x-bp-am-bn- mw-wv- "A-`- -b A`-b ' F AcaWn- q tumiypsa dn R߃ I n-cp- -Xv. Ncn-{X-Ønse hfsc sndn-sbm-cn-s-th-f-bn Ncn-{X-]-c-amb CS-s]-S \S-Øn ]d- p-t]mb A`-b Iq p-im-cpss samss_-ep-i-fn-eqss ]p\ -\n- Xv I -t mƒ \ΩpsS ]c-º-cm-kx ]ptcm-k-a\ am y-a-ß-fpss hneiqsnb Iyma-d-I-fpsS Acm-jv{So-bXbpsS `oic-x-bmwv XnI nh -Xv. ]ns, t\csø Xs ]cm-a in c v \ms-im-h-x-c-w-߃. AXn-\n-Sbn hnjymx am IvknÃv Nn -I {]`mxv ]Sv\m-bnIv FØn. At±-l-tØm-sSm w ]pxp-xe-ap-d- m-cpss kwhmzw... h Ø-am-\-߃...- _- Z cmjv{so-bhpw {]tbm-khpw F mwv? At±lw 60

61 ]d- p-sh- Xv B tej-is Hm Ω-bn GXm- n-ß-s\-bm-wv... _Z F m Hcp ]ptcm-k-a\ Z i-\hpw AXns {]tbm-k-hpamwv. AXv AXn Xs kºq Æ-am-Wv. aq Ø-amb kml-n-cy߃ -\p-k-cn- p aq Ø-amb {]tbm-k-amwv am Ivknkw hn`m-h\w snøp- -Xv. AXm-bXv kml-n-cy-ßsf kkq vaw hne-bn-cp-øn. AXn\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb {]h Ø-\-]-cn-]m-Sn-bpsS {]tbmkw. AXn- msx am Ivknkw C. ]pxnb Ime-sØ- p-dn v kkq vaw ]Tn- v, kmaqlysshcp- y-ß-fn CS-s]-Sp-I-bmWv th -Xv. -A-Xp- m-hm-xncn- p-tºmƒ am Ivknkw PUm-h-ÿ-bn-em-hpw. Cu PUm-ÿ-bmWv CS-Xp-] w Ct mƒ t\cn-sp- -Xv. P\m-[n-]XyclnX tkmjy-enãv {]tbm-k-øns ÿm\øv P\m-[n-]Xytkmjy-enkw ]Sp-Øp-b Øp- I-sb Ncn-{X-]-c-amb ZuXy-amWv CS-Xp-]- -Øn\v \n Δ-ln- m-\p- -Xv. tkmhn-b v bqwn-b-t\m ssn\-tbm Iyq_tbm "tkmjy-en-ãmbn' Xo -Xns Ncn{Xkml-N-cy-߃ \ne-hn-en-. ]pxnb ImeØv tkmjy-enkw ]pxn-b-cq-]-øn P\-߃ CS-s]- mwv Ic-K-X-am-tIkvac-WnI{]Im-i-\w. B ]m Δ-Xn-tZhn \njne kp[ Ωbv p \ In \n Δ-ln- p- p. 61

62 -Xv. ]pxnb CS-Xp-] ]cn-]msn ]g-b-xns ]p\-cm-hn-jvim-camhpi hø. AXn-\p-ff hnzqckm[y-x-iƒt]mepw C. At mƒ ]pxnb ]cn- ]m-snbpw AXn\v tn kwls\bpw Bhnjv mc-ß-fp-amwv ]pxnb Ime-Øns h -k-a-c-øn\p th -Xv.-AXv Xncn- -dn-bp-i-bmwv th - Xv. AXn\v sship-t mdpw CS-Xp-] w A{]-k- -am-bn-s m- n-cn- pw. Cu {]Xn-k- n-bn-emwv kwl-snx CS-Xp-] w Dt]- n- p-itbm XnckvI-cn- p-itbm snøp CS-ß-fn-te v CS-Xp-] Bi-b-߃ s\ nte- p sndp-kw-l-߃ IS p Ib-dp- -Xv. Ah-cpsS k m-fl-iamb CS-s]-S-ep-I-fmWv _Z-ep-Iƒ. Xo{h-h-e-Xp-] w CS-Xp-] w Hgn- n-sp iq\y-x-iƒ AXn-thKw ]nsn-s -Sp- p-ibpw CS-Xp-]- -tø- mƒ henb "CS-Xp-] 'ambn hne-kp-ibpw snøp- -Xn-\p km[y- X-Iƒ hep-xm-wv. -AXv XS-bp- Xv B _Z-ep-I-fm-Wv. Ah cmjv{sob-søbpw kwkvim-c-søbpw k m-fl-i-am- p A\p-`-h-߃ krjvsn- p- p. AXns Hcp {]Im-i-\-amWv A`-bs\ Hm Ωn- p-sim v \n߃ \n Δ-ln- p- -Xv At±lw ]d-bp- p... 62

63 _Z cmjv{so-b-øns km y-x-iƒ Pq 15 \v tumivs {]`m-xp-samøv Hcp Znhkw F kwhm-z-ambncp p \S- -Xv. k. si.- F cho-{μ-\myv A y- -\m-bn-cp- p. Hcp awn- q ka-b-sa-spøv tumivs {]`mxv ]Sv\m-bnIv Ah-X-cn- n- Xv \h-en-_-d ImeØv _Z cmjv{sob {]tbm-k-øns A\n-hm-cy-Xbpw km[y-x-i-fpw A\p-`-h-ß-fp-am-bn-cp- p. 8% icmicn kmº-øni hf ssih-cn- -t mƒ ( ) 0.8 % hf -bmwv sxmgn-en cmpyw t\snb-sx hkvxpx \mw Xncn- -dnbww. tihe kmº-øni hf -sb- Xv kmaqly ]ptcm-k-xnbp-ambn bmsxm-c -Ønepw IÆn-tN-cp {]{Inb A. sxmgnen m-bvabpw Iqen Ipd- psim- n-cn- p- Xpw hni-k\amsw- p \h-en- _-d ImgvN- m-sns sispxn C y-bn am{xa temi-amsi A\p-`-hn- p-i-bm-wv. AXn-k-º- \v \ Ip ]Ww sxmgn-ep- m- p- n-. 63

64 AtX cq] ]mh-s - -h\v \ Ip-tºmƒ AXv cmpyøv ]pxnb sxmgnepw kºøpw krjvsn- p- p. tziobsxmgn-ep-d v ] -Xn- p-th n JP-\mhv \o n-h-bv p sndnbxpi cmpyøv \S-Øp- Xv hfsc henb DZv m-z-\-am-wv. AXv km[m-c-w- m m-h-iy-amb hn`-h-ß-fpss DZv m-z-\hpw D]-t`m-K-hp-ambn hf-cp-tºmƒ AXn-k-º- v henb [\w Hgp- n-s m-sp- p-i-bmwv `c-w-iq-sw. CXv \n Δ-ln- p- Xv ]mh-ßfn \n v ]Ww tij-cn-s -Sp-Øn- m-sw v am{x-a-, AX, BVw- _chkvxp- ƒ Cd- p-axn snøm\pw cmpyøv sxmgn krjvsn- mø \nt -]-߃ p-am-bmwv t]mip- -Xv. \h-en-_-d-en-k-øn "hf ' DZv]m-Z\hf tbm kmaqlyhf tbm, sxmgntem Bbn Xocm-Ø- Xns Imc-W-an-Xm-Wv. Cu \b-øn \n p as-ßn-t m v am{xamwv Ak-a-Xz-ß-fn \n v c -s]-sp-hm-\p hgn. tic-f-ønse ap CS-Xp-]- -K-h-s v \S-Ønb _Z hn-i-k\ ]cn-]m-sn-i-fpss {]k n Fs v hni-zo-i-cn At±lw AØcw km[y-x-iƒ CS- Xp-] w Ft mgpw D]-tbm-Kn- -W-sa v Hm Ωn- n- p. _Z hni-k\ ImgvN- m-sn-te v P\-ß-tfbpw P\-Iob{]ÿm- \-ß-tfbpw \bn- p-hm CS-Xp-]- -a- msx Bcp-an-. CS-Xp-]- - Øns i nbpw kmaq-ly-amb Db sø-gp-t pw, _Z hni-k\ ]cn-]msn apt m v hbv p-tºmƒ am{xta km[y-am-hp-i-bp- q. BtKmf-hXv -cw kmº-øni \b-øn\v _Z hbv p- -Xns A w apx-em-fn-ø-tømss Ncn{Xw Ah-km-\n- p- n- F Xp X -bm-wv. kz- n \n p-b tnmzy-߃ v At±lw hni-z-ambn adp-]sn ]d- p. sxc-s -Sp v ^esø hne-bn-cp-øn-s m v kjmhv si.-f. B \S-Ønb {]kwkw ]pxnbkml-n-cy-ß-fn \S-t h -ka-c-øns Bghpw ]c pw hy -am- p- -Xm-bn-cp p. tim -td v lnμpxz sfiy-ap- Wn tziob A[n-Imcw ]nsn-s -SpØ ] m-øehpw temi-amsi apx-em-fnøw t\cn-sp {]Xn-k- nbpw At±lw FSpØp ]d- p. A`-b kvamci {SÃn-\p-th- n, kn.-sf.-sn.bp tziob sk{i- cn-am-cn Hcmƒ qsnbmb k: F. B. kn p-hns kw n]vx Ah- X-c-W-am-bn-cp- p 2 Znh-k-ambn \S ]cn-]m-sn-bnse Ah-km\ C\w. km -I-amb c v Zn\-߃. AXv R߃ v kωm-\n cmjv{sobhpw kmwkvim-cn-i-hp-amb Dƒ m-gvn v A`bw 2014 s kwlm-s-i-tcmsv \μn ]d- p-sim- v, R߃ s]m Ip w hnsp-tºmƒ 15- mw XobXn 5 awn. em kemw A`b! \ns Hm phm X ImcWaps v 64

65 \ns Iq pimcpw kjm fpw R߃ v t_m[ys SpØn X ncn p p. Nc-a-Zn-\m-N-cWw t]mepw Hcp cmjv{sob {]h Ø-\-amsW v \ns kjm- ƒ ImWn px n-cn- p- p. Xo -bmbpw \nßsf-tbm Øv R߃ A`n-am-\n- p- p. (IS- msv ]o nƒ FK kv v t _-sse-tk-j (PAG) _p - n.) 65

66 {]Ir-Xn-bpsSta \Ωƒ a\p-jy t\snb hnp-b-ß-sf-s m n AXn I-S Bfl-{]-iwk \S-tØ- -Xn-. AØcw Hmtcm hnp-b-øn\pw {]IrXn \tωmsv ]Iho p- p- v. Hmtcm hnp-bhpw H m-axv Df-hm- p- Xv \Ωƒ {]Xo- n ^e-ß-fm-sw- Xv icnxs. F m c m-axpw aq m-a-xp-ambn AXp-f-hm- p- Xv XnI pw hyxy-kvxhpw A{]-Xo- n-xhpw ]e-t mgpw BZy-tØ-Xns\ X n- n-gn- p- -Xp-amb ^e-ß-fm-wv. {^U-dnIv FwK kv 66

67 67 A`-bs Xqen-I-bn \n v

68 Ubdn pdn v IpXnc kabw Hcp IpXn-c-sb-t mse IpXn p ]mbp- p. AXv CSbv v InX-bv p-itbm apc-fp- Itbm snøp- n-. AXns km n yw Htc-kabw Zp:Jhpw kt m-jhpw \ Ip- p. AXv Xs ISn- m B pw \ Ip- n-. AXns Ipf-º-Sn-I-fn s v Dg-dp bm{x- mc- \m-wn v Rm. Fs api-fn Idp-Ø-\n-d-ap B IpXn-c-bpsS Ipf-ºp-Iƒ ]Xn- n- p- v. AXv Fs t\m n {Iqc-ambn Nncn-bv p- p. AXv Nn n-bv p- -sx- m-sw v F\n v a\- n-em-ip- n. "Fs txm n- m {ian hnvvvn-bmb bm{x- mcm... \n\- -Xn-\m-hn ' F m-hpw. AXv Fs taep Nhn- ns i n-iq- p- p. Rm AXns ]nsn-bn \n v c -s -Sm {ian- p. km[n- p- n-. Rm ]cm-p-b-s -Sp-I-bm-Wv. bmym y-t_m-[-ap bm{x- m-c-\mbn Rm IÆo-tcmsS AXn-s\m w bm{x-bm-hp- p. {]nbs - -htc Fs A\p-{K-ln- q. 68

69 tamtwm- -BIvSv (kviqƒ bph-p-t\m- -h-øn Ah-X-cn- n- m kl-]m-tn- p-th n ]\-a w Kh. lb sk - dn kviqƒ hnzym n-bm-bn-cns A`-b Fgp-Xn-b-Xv hnhn[ a cßfn Cu tamtwm BIvSv kωm\w t\snbn p v.) Paoe : CØm-Ø, ßsS ss^k-ens FbvsØms hcm-dpt m? DΩ : FbvsØms h n v Ipd- o-km-bn. su oev Ft m s_k-\- m-h-iy- Øn-\m-bn v GtXm Nßmbntb ImWm t]mb-xm. Paoe : su oev Fs m-s tbm s]m nsø-dn-i-sfms H m-ip-s v ]td-wv. Hm\v s epw _ntk-kapt m Ft m? DΩ : s dt... Hm\v Ft epw A]-I-Ssam- m-ipthm Ft m. Hm hnfn- m- n v Hcp kam-[mt\mw C. ]t m- nev Ft epw _lfßtfm 69

70 ]p mtdm D m-ip-tºmƒ Hm Ahn-S-s ms amdn \nt mfpw. AXm Hcp kam-zm-\w. Paoe : Hm\v C n-\o ]Tn-s m-s - -gn v F n\m Cu s_k\ tkms snøp-t?. Hm \m n-se-hn-tsepw tpmen snbvxm ß v A_-km-\-Im-eØv nsc sh w timcn-ø-cm Btcepw ImWn-t. DΩ : Bb-Im-eØv D -sxms hn p-s]-dp n Hms _m m Hms\ ]Tn n v. ChnsS H m-bn- -. Hms aqø-xn߃ v I n-sh w simspøv Hm\v h v s]dp n simspøm Hms\ _f Øo-Xv. Hm\v Hcp \ -Imew _cpºw kt m-in- m v Hms _m F fpw ]d-bpw. Hms CjvS-Øn\v Hcn- epw FXncp\n n- n-. ]TnØw Ign v Hm\v s_k-\-knem Xm ]cyw F v ]d- t m FXn m a\ ph n-. F v sxmgn-ep-sn-bvxmepw Hm ]S-t mt\w s] -\m-snt\w ad v Pohn- n-s v Hd- m. Paoe : CØmØ, ßfv t_pm-dm-h-. Hm kpj-am-bn- n-cn- p- p- mhpw Hm HSs\ _nfn- pw. ßfv t]sn- -. RΩfp t]ms CØmØ, sn n v txmsc ]Wn _m o v. DΩ : icn Pao-embv sn v. m, s Ip n\v Hcm-]Øpw hcp- Ø-t. A p-t\cw \nkv -cn- p Cu IpSpw-_sØ ]S-t m- t\bv ImtØm-tW. (CXv ]d- p-sim v Sn. hn HmWm- p `mh-n-e-\-߃. Snhn-bn hnhn[ Nm\-ep-Iƒ am p-tºmƒ apjøv Zriy-am-Ip p `bhpw thz-\-bpw) HSp-hn Hcp Nm\-en \n Øp- p. \a-kvim-cw. \yqkv B Uv \yqkn-te v kzmk-xw. Rm A\ojv. cmpy-øns hnhn[ `mk-ß-fn-embn \S `oi-c-amb kvt^ms- \-]-c-º-c-i-fpss apjy kq{x-[m-c- m-cn Hcm-fmb ss^k C v cmhnse HºXv awn v B{K-bn Ad-Ãn-em-bn. ae- pdw Xncq ]dh- mwn kztz-in-bmb Cbmƒ tkm^vsvsh-b Unssk-\nw-ßn _ncp- Z-[m-cn-bmWv. 70

71 DΩ : ({`m- -amb Ah-ÿ-bn ) axn \n Øv. C. C. s tam ßs\ snøn-. Hms\ ]Øv amkw Npa v s\m p {]k-hn v C{X-\mfpw hf Ønb \n -dn-bmw, Hms a\- v. Hcp Ip pdpºn-s\-t mepw t_z-\n- n- m s Ip n-\m-hn-. Cu asn-bn InS- s Ip v _f - Xv. Cu ssisim m Hm\v Rm tnmdp-_mcn simsp- Øn-cp- -Xv. s NqSp-] n t msv tn v \n v _f s Ip n\v s] \msns\ H n-s m-sp- p cmpyt{zmlnbm-hm-\m-hn-. A p-t\cw ]S-t ms\ hnfn- p bym apk am\m Hm. aqh Æ- -XmI ssii-fn h v simspøv Hms _m m Hms\ ]Sn- n htμ- am-xcw Hm Hcn- epw ad- n-. C. s tam ßs\ snøn-. (ho pw Sn. hn. HmWm- p- p. {`m -amb Bth-i-tØmsS Nm\-ep- Iƒ am p- p. Hcp Nm\-en IÆp-S- p- p. `b-tømss Zriy-߃ t\m p- p) cmhnse Ad-Ãn-emb ss^k-ens\ `oi-c-hn-cp {]h Ø- \-߃ mbp {]txyi tims-xn-bn lmp-cm- n. timsxn]cn-k-cøv XSn- p-iq-sn-b-h-tcmsv ss^k Ib Øp-kw-km-cn- p-ibpwbt{imin p-ibpw snbvxp. IqSp-X hnh-c-ß-fp-ambn RßfpsS {]Xn-\n[n \n Ω sse\n-ep- v. \n Ω, Fs m-s bmwv timsxn]cnk-cøv kw`-hn- p-sim- n-cn- p- -Xv. A\njm, cmpyw apgph-\p ae-bm-fn-iƒ \mwt Sns ]Sp-Ipgnbn apßn- Ø- n-s m- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. GXm\pw awn- q-dp-iƒ v apºv B{K-bnse t{k v hnlm sse\nse ]msymem temuvpn \n p-amwv cmpysø \Sp- nb kvt^ms-\- ]cºc-i-fpss apjy kq{x-[m-c-s\ v kwi-bn- p ae- pdw kztz-in-bmb ss^k Ad-Ãn-em-b-Xv. _n. ssiv _ncp-z-[m-cn-bmb ss^k tims-xn-]-cn-k-cøv XSn- p-iq-sn-b-h-tcmsv Ib Øpkwkm-cn- -p-ibpw Ah pt\sc Bt{Im-in- p-ibpw snbvxp. ss^k : ( A- e-dn) tãm n v! kviu {U kv move out from this fort. Rm\m Rm. CsXms πm snbvx-xv Cu cmpysø 71

72 XI m. kzx-{ -amb A p-ap-x Cu cmpyøv Fs Iq -c\p `hn- p {Iqc-amb hnth-n-\-߃ v {]Xn- Im-c-ambn Cu almcmpyøns F m ] -W-ßfpw `c- W-kn-cm-tI-{μ-ßfpw XI m Rm\m ] Xn Xøm-dm- n-b-xv. Cu \msv Nmº-em-Ip Hcp \nanjw kz]v\w ImWp Bbn-c-ß-fpsS, A. ]Xn-\m-bn-c-ß-fpsS {]Xn- \n-[n-bmwv Rm. This country is avoiding our peopple. The dirty government is against our dream. Ckventb Cu \msns\ XI m, Cu \in kwkvim-c-a-h-km-\n- n- m R߃ Xocp-am-\n p. lnμp-ÿm aq Zm-_m-Zv. lnμp-ÿm aq Zm-_m-Zv. DΩ : ({`m- -am-bn F m, tzjy-tøm-ss) \n Øv. \n Øm\m ]d- -Xv. C y Fs \msm-sw v A\ v snm n-ø- Xv Rm\m. _nkvan snm p- -Xnepw ` n-tbm-sbm Rm\pw As _m mbpw htμ amxcw ]dbp- -Xv. A p-t\cw \nkvi-cn- p bym apk am- \v, d ns I \ ]men- p icn-bmb apk am\,v P\n \msv s] -Ω-sb- mƒ hep-xm-wv. Hms Polm-Zv, \msns i{xp- ƒs -Xn-sc-bm-Wv. Hms e yw aqh Æ-s m-soss kzmx{ y-am. \msn-s\bpw \m m-scbpw H ns m Sp p C_n-eo-kp-I-f apk am am-cv. Hmcv \msn-\pth n s]mcpxp -h-cm. hnfn- Sm _emte htμ amxcw. th, A - n th. Cu cmpy-øn-s\-xnsc \n p As -t m-se-bp ]nim-np- sf Xe-sh n sim -Ww. As ihw t]mepw F\n v ImW-... (I-c- p-sim- v...) 72

73 73 Hm Ω

74 Hcp IØv My Dearest Borther Vinodji, Fßs\ XpS-ßWw Fßs\ Ah-km-\n- n pw F ap [m-cw C msx FgpXn XpSßp-I-bm-Wv. CXv Hcp IØv A. CXv Fs a\- ns, C ns I\-am-Wv. hnß-em-wv. Hcp ]s \msfbpw Hm Ω-bpw. A`-bs acww F kxy-tø- mƒ Ahs Iq p-im-cp-ssbpw Kpcpÿm\o-b-cp-sSbpw ]nxr- -am-xr-ÿm-\o-b-cpssbpw Hm Ω- p-dn- p-i-fmwv Fs CsX-gp-Xm t{]cn- n- p- Xv F v txm p- p. A`-bs kvac- WnI apgp-h hmbn p Ign- p. AXv hmbn- m XpS-ßn-bXv apx, A Ahs\ Adn-bm XpSßn-bXv apx-ep Fs a\- ns thz-\, B ]ncn-ap-dp w, AXv F{X-am{Xw FgpXn ^en- n- m-\m-ip-sa- -dn-b-. Hcp ix-am-\-sa- nepw ]I Øm Ign- n-cp-s - n F v Bflm ambn B{K-ln- p p A`-b. hnt\m-zvtn- -s bpw Bi-bp-sSbpw hm p-i-fn-eq-ss-bmwv Rm Ahs\ IqSp-X 74

75 I n-cn- p- -Xv. Fs bpw Bi-bp-sSbpw hnhml\n -b-zn-h-kw I - Xpw Ipd v t\cw kwkm-cn- Xpw ]n osv hnt\mzv tn s ho n-te v hncp v hcm-\n-cp Rß-fpsS hchv ImØv awn- q-dp-iƒ ImØncp v HSp-hn I v kwkm-cn- -Xpw, ]ns ImWmw F v lkvx-zm\w \evin ]d- psim v kplr-øn-s\m w ss_ n Ibdn t]mbxpw... an\n- p-iƒ \o B ]cn-n-b-tø- mƒ Ahs\ Adn- Xv \nß-fneq-ss-bm-wv. Ct mƒ kvac-wn-i-bn A`-b\pth n hcn-iƒ Ipdn- h-cn-eq-ss-bpw. A`-b, \ns F\n v Ct hsc Adn-bmt\m a\- n-em- mt\m Ign- n- n- m-bn-cn- mw. ]s C v Hcp-]mSpt] kvt\ln- p, Bcm- [n- p \o F\n v A -c-ß-fn-eqss kp]-cn-nn-x-\m-wv. \ns Nn - Iƒ, \ns B{K-l-߃, \ns kz]v\-߃ F mw F\n v ]cn-nn-xam-wv. A`-b, C v Rm\pw \ns kvt\ln- p- p. a p- -h-sc- se Hcp ]s A[n-e-[n-I-hpw. hnt\m-zvtn- Ft msv ]d- n- nt A s\ (tkm]n-t - -s\) ]cn- N-b-s -Sm Ign-bm-ØXv \jvs-am-sw v. Rm AwKo-I-cn- p- p. Rm kwkm-cn- n- n m-ø, Rm Adn-bm-Ø, Rm \nßsf Adn-bp- -Xn\pw F{Xtbm ap ]v acn t]mb Bƒ. Nn{X-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw \nß-fpss hm p- I-fn-eq-sSbpw Rm\-dn B kvt\lw, B Icp-X. \jvsw, thz\ txm n-bn- n kxyw. ]s A`-b Aß-s\-b-. R߃ I n- p v, kwkm-cn- n- p- v ]cn-n-b-s -Sm\pw kvt\ln- p-hm\pw ]c-kv]cw Adn-bm\pw Ah-kcw D m-bn-cp- p. ]e-t mgpw F\n v ssisøøpw Zqsc As - n Hcp t^m timfns Zqcw. F n pw, ssi pºnfn \n pw HXp- n-i-f B \, B kvt\lw, B kulrzw "\jvsw' Cu \jvsw GXv IW- v]p-kvx-i-øn, FXv t]pn, Fßs\ Rms\-gpXn X -Ww? A`-b Ah\nse F mwv Fs Ah-\n-te v ASp- n- Xv? Adn-bn. Rm Ah\nse Bsc-bmWv IqSp-X kvt\ln- -Xv? Ah- \nse Ihn-sb? a\p-jys\? BZ i-sø? Nn sb? kz]v\-ß-sf? kulrzw ImØv kq n- p Ign-hn-s\? IΩyq-Wn-ksØ? a p- hsc a\- n-em- m {ian- p- -Xns\? Adn-bn-. A`-b, \ns Rm kvt\ln- p p. Akq-tbmsS Xs kvt\ln- p- p. A`-b, \ns _ p- ƒ, \n\ v c -_ ap ]ecpw C s Asc- mtam BWv. Nne-sc- nepw F msa mw BWv Rm A`n-am-\n- p- p. AXn Al- -cn- p- p. sk {S Kh sa v DtZymKw th v h v P\-Io-b-\mbn P\- 75

76 Iobhmb-\-im-e-bpsS ÿm]-i-\mbn ]m n p th nbpw s]m Ip- -ØvIm pth nbpw Pohn- p a[p-tn- Fs a\- n \ bp-ssbpw hn\-b-øn-s bpw Ffn-b-ap-sSbpw {]Xo-I-am-Wv. Fs k ]-߃ v AXo-X-\m-Wv. AXv t]mse ]e-cpw. ais th ]msn thz-\bpw ZpxJ-hpw, a\- n Hfn- n,v Ahs kplr-øp- sf Bizkn- n- p ""Ic-bp- Xv \nß-fpss kplr-øn\p CjvS-an '' F v Hm Ωn- n- p AΩ Fs a\- n kv{xoxz-øns, kv{xoi- nbpss {]Xo-I-amWv an\n-tn- n. Bcp-sSbpw kvt\lhpw kulr-zhpw ]nsn v hmßm Ign-bp, B v Ft mƒ thw-sa- nepw F n\pw GXn\pw kao-]n- m Ign-bp \ns sim - hnt\mzvpn F\n v C\nbpw ]q Æ-ambn a\- n-em- m km[n- mø {]Xn-`m-k-am-Wv. Ahb-h-Zm-\-Øns alxzw temiw Adn-bp- -Xn\pw AwKo-I-cn- p- -Xn\pw apºv Xs G hpw \ {]mb-øn ktlm-z-c\v th n hr -Zm\w snbvx A\n Ip-am, D n kvt\lhpw \ bpw H w {]Xn-`bpw sismsx kq n- p \ns ktlm-zcn Ah\n I n- n-s - nepw kvt\l-kz-cq-]-bmb \ns Nn kn p-tn- n, tamfn-t n, \ns a\- n kv{xo F ]Z-Øns A w apgp-h-\mbpw DƒsIm \ns Bi-tN n Chsc F mw Rm kvt\ln- p- p. _lp-am-\n- p- p. A p-x-tømss Bcm-[n- p-ibpw snøp- p. \ns kvac-wni hmbn v Fs A\p-`hw ] psh Fs kplrøv cmtpjv (Un.-ssh.-F-^v.- sf. tªm v IΩn n saº ) Ft msv Xam-i-bmbn ]d- p. ""At mƒ \n\ v Hcp IΩyq-Wn-ÃvIm-c-t\mS vkvt\-lhpw Bcm-[-\bpw txm n At '' F v. icn-bm-wv. kxy-am-wv. ]s Hcm-tfm-S-. Cu ]d F m-h-tcmspw F\n v kvt\l-am-wv, Bcm-[-\-bm-Wv. h o-b-cpss Cu w Ds v Btcm-]n- p Fs, Rm hniz-kn- p {]Xy-bim-kv{X-Øns simsn- q-d-bn Hcp IΩyq-Wn-Ãp-Im-c-t\m-Sp kvt\l- Øns AS-bmfw IÆo Xp n-bpss cq]-øn ]Xn-bs F - -h Ifn]d- p. cmtpjv \n\- -dn-bn hy -amb Bi-b-ßfpw i - amb Nn -Ifpw Xnf-ßp kz]v\-ß-fpw, AXv {]mh Øn-I-am- m Ign-bp \n -b-zm Vyhpw N q- hpw D, AXn\v th n am{xw ÿm\-am-\-߃ XyPn v, {]h Øn pimwn p X A`-b-\mWv XW hncn v ap n \n p- -Xv. Rm Ah-s\-bmWv kvt\ln- p- -Xv, Rm Ah-s\- p-dn- mwv \nt msv ]d- -Xv. Rm B \ ac-øns XW-en-emWv. a p ]e-scbpw t]mse. A`-b-\mbn P\n v, A`-b-\mbn Pohn,v A`-b-\mbn acn A`b F A_p. C\n \n\ v hn{i-an- mw. \ns Nn -Ifpw \ns 76

77 kz]v\-ßfpw bmym y-am- m, ""I]-S-tem-I-Øn-se- pss Im]Syw ki-ecpw Im a-xm-sw ]cm-pbw'' F v ]msnb Ip p-æn-am-jns\ kvt\ln- p, \ns kvt\ln- p Hcp] w kplr-øp- ƒ txmƒtn Øp Ign- p. \ns \ -bpss {]Im-ihpw Nn -I-fpsS sxfn- hpw am{xw axn Ah v hgn \S- m. \ns acww krjvsn iq\yx hn p-w-cp-hm Imew Ahsc {]m]vx-am- -s. A`-b, \ns acww Cuiz-c\v Hcp ]t X\n v G hpw {]nb-s Hcp ]\n-\o q \p n FSpØ kz am- nb eml-h-am-bncn- mw. ]s, \ns kvt\ln- p R߃ v Hcm-bncw ]\n-\o ]q- -tfmsv IqSnb Hcp hk- -Im-e-amWv \jvs-am-b-xv. C\n Hcn- epw Xncn v In n-s v t_m[y-ap hk- w. A`-b, \o Fs Dd w hcmø cm{xn-i-fnse Hm Ω-I-fn, Nn -I-fn C\nbpw hncp p ht - mw. F\n- -dn-bmw. F\n- p-d- p v. ad- n ad- m Ign-bn-. F nepw B{K-ln- p- p, ad- m... \ns hntbm-k-sa- nepw... a p- -h ]d pw A m-sxbpw F\n v Adnbmw. Rm hfsc sk kn- ohv BWv. Hcp sndnb Imcyw axn Rm Unkv _v BIm. Fs IÆp-Iƒ \nd-s m-gp-im. A`-b, \o Fs C{X-am{Xw kzm[o-\n- n- p-s - n, Fs C{X-am{Xw thz-\n- n-s - n, C{X-am{Xw Nn n- n- p-sh- n, F\n qln mw \ns kvt\ln, \ns ASp- Ø-dn- -h-cpss Ahÿ. A`-b, H v Rm ]d-bs, Rm\m-Zy-ambn- mwv Fs a\- ns Nn -Isf thz-\sb t] -dn ]I Øp- - Xv. timtf-pn ]Tn- p-tºmƒ m v apdn-i-sf- mƒ Imº-kn-s\bpw Nqf-a-c- p-h-sp-i-sfbpw kvt\ln Ihnkplr-Øp- -fp-am-bp Nßm- ØØn\pw, H.-hn. Dj F Ih-bn-{Xn-bpsS hmbn \n pw timtf- Pn, Imº-kn ae-bmfw IhnX acn- n- n F KpUv k n-^n- v tasn kplr-øn-t\m-ssm- -ap k m-]-߃ pw Xcm IgnbmsXt]mb ss[cyw. A`-b \o acn- n- n-. \o Pohn- pw. \ns kvt\ln- -h-cneqss. Ah-cpsS a\- p-i-fn, {]hr-øn-i-fn Nn -Ifn. A_p-hm-bn, A p-hm-bn, kjmhv A`-b Fw. kmhn-{xn-bm-bn. A`-b kjmhv A`-b ktlm-z-c A`-b, CjvS-am-Wn-jvS-amW{X am{xw \ns CjvS-am-Wn-jvS-am-W-{X-am{Xw crvpnxv B ]Wn-. 77

78 - Joan Irene lets go someplace else, I see a huge group of people coming towards us and I don t think they are very friendly. Come on man,we are just juniors,we shouldn t be hanging around here Well I am glad Irene didn t listen to me that day. Pegasus 2011, that s when I first saw him. A huge guy with a beard and an evil grin walked towards us with his gang of faithful followers and friends. Oh yes, I knew he was trouble and Oh yes, I knew he was my senior. He stood right in front of us and asked us with a smile which college are you girls from? I got the shivers when he asked me that. Well my very hyper friend Irene said Madras Christian college. His smile grew wider and he told us to come with him. All I could think was ohhhh we are dead meat. I wanted to kill Irene so badly that night. He 78

79 took us to the canteen and I asked us to grab a seat and sit with him and his friends who were also SENIORS. He asked us what event were we participating for. We both said dance. Around 15 seniors of MCC were there and they just gave me and only me a puzzled look and they all said together DANCE??!!!??? Some of you might be wondering why they narrowed me down. You see, I was a very huge girl and by huge I mean very huge. High school for everyone was a joyride, but for me it was no bed of roses. I was a weirdo back in school,never settled any of my disputes through words, stubborn and one goth of a girl I was pain in the ass for all those kids back in school because I was trying to protect myself from getting hurt, in short I was scared. Back home I tried being responsible, tried being a good daughter, sister and granddaughter. In school the kids would comment on how fat I was and how stupid I was. I tried protecting my younger brother and sister from all the drama, but I failed in that as well. I used to think whether I was useless. Music was good escapism for me and I loved to dance. I used to sneak up to the terrace and just dance when no one s around. Madras Christian College changed my life. Everybody who knows me well knows that I give a rat s ass about my department and that I would die for my hall, Margaret. This place is paradise. I fell in love with mcc only after I met him. That night Just after I shocked the whole lot of seniors with the news that I dance, he gave me a dare to prove myself in front of everyone. I said vendaaa chetttaa,please. And then he got up and told me do what I say, get up and dance!!. To support him, his friends Fawaz, Sooraj and Anthony started telling me as well. I got up, went straight to the centre of the canteen. had glasses and since it was kind of dark, they couldn t see me crying. What a wimp I was!!!. They told Irene to play something and i started dancing. For the next 45 seconds I thought my heart stopped beating and the whole world was spinning. I closed my eyes and when I was done,l heard them clapping and cheering, that s when I realised I was exactly where I was supposed to be. My life changed completely after that night. When we got back to college, I heard a lot of weird stuff about him, mostly negative.in mcc rumours go around like wildfire. People told me to stay away from him,later did I realise they were the ones I should stay away from. 79

80 Everytime I see him he would be shouting,screaming,fighting or cheering.! thought to myself he would be the last person on the planet I would want to mess around with. He would kill for his hall and college. Everyone in college knew if they wanted to win or shine, he would be the right person they should go to. He loved art,he appreciated those who loved it as well. Deepwoods 2012, I worked under him in cultural committee. The night before the big day,he called me and my friends to come to the examination hall. He assigned us duties of scrapping paint, sweeping,washing the floor, getting dirt in buckets, cutting,painting,running around. That night he introduced us not to his friends but our batch mates. The very next day all of us started off in full swing. That man made me do everything. I had fun running around,! had no complaints but I wold have appreciated if he would have given me water breaks. He was tough on all of us. Some of us used to curse and some us thought it was our fate,at the end of the day it was all worth it. Before we all parted to our halls after the 3 days of deepwoods, he just looked up to me and said you are promising 7.I had no clue what he meant. After a few weeks he calls me up late night and said come to Anderson hall by 4pm tomorrow and don t ask me why, what and air and he hung up. It was the college union society valedictory function that day. Me and my six other friends went over there. They had an informal function as well, where they awarded people who worked for the college. I was awarded the most promising volunteer that night. Words couldn t describe how surprised and honoured I was that day. During dinner he came up to and just gave me a smile, that night I realised why he scolded me when 1 asked him for breaks, why he made me run around and why he wanted everything perfect. I went to him and thanked him. after he graduated that year we both became close.he taught me everything he knew,tried to correct me when I was wrong, second year and the word senior just got into all our heads,.we were the courtiers now and the first years the slaves.yes I do admit I was rude to a few. he told me to calm down whenever I lose it. i was arrogant, adamant, rude, spirited and aggressive, he would say that it was good but a lot of it could get me into trouble well he was right it got me into trouble^ lot of fights and a lot of heartbreaks. He was there to get me out of my depression and sadness,through my every step he would put in his word of advice and made sure I was in a good place, he fought through me,he fought beside me,he fought for me and he fought with me. 80

81 he motivated me to stand for something i didnt want to not beacuse of lack of passion but confidence, he was not only a helping hand or motivator just for me but too a lot of people, anytime of the day you need him he ll be there, as a shoulder to lean on may 27th 2013 i was foolishly posting stupid photos of my friends on their timeline., i did not know about him passing away, rohini called me and told me what happened, i did not realise what happened to me after i heard it., i didnt realise i was gasping for breathe, thats what i felt when i think of it.breathless. rohini was another version of him strong at the hour of distress but sensitive when alone, sherin knew that i needed someone to talk to., when she called i couldnt say anything because i didnt have words to describe it.it was the worst feeling you could have, the last conversation with him was on may 25th.it was short and i didnt even get to say goodbye because he told me he was sick and hung up. when i saw his cremation thats when i realised, let it be his worst enemy,his bestfriend, everyone and anyone who knew him couldnt control their emotions, he took a part of us when he left. he gifted me and taught me a lot. things that i should be knowing even after i leave mcc. he taught me things that my family or friends couldnt have,,he had the patience to go through every single good and bad experience of mine him leaving us would have been the worst thing most of us would have experienced but then he taught us to live without him but to live through him. everytime i get stuck in making a decision i would just think of him and the answer comes to me directly. people say that he never left,but he did but thats not the end everybody moved on. do u know who helped us to move on. he did. he taught us to be different because being different is a challenge, he guided us to make our own path and let others follow, he told us to use our spirit and hardwork. we are honoured, privileged and lucky to know him who is he? hes a caring brother,hes a responsible son, hes a guiding mentor,hes a patient teacher,hes a passionate comrade,hes a loving friend,hes a diplomatic leader,hes a spirited selaiyurian and hes the gentleman of mcc Hes abhayan m savithri 81

82 9 WAYS TO PEACEFULLY RUN THE HALL * BAN ABHAYAN From the Floor. * BAN ABHAYAN From the Interblock Events. * BAN ABHAYAN From the premises of Elections * BAN ABHAYAN From the Cricket ground. * BAN ABHAYAN From the Football ground. * BAN ABHAYAN From the Resident s meeting. * BAN ABHAYAN From bringing GUNDAS From * GANAPATHIPURAM into the hall. * BAN ABHAYAN From sitting near the pond on the stone benches. * BAN ABHAYAN From Birthday parties. FROM ANONYMOUS Counter Signed by (THE TORCHMAN) I Swear didn t do this!! 82

83 (2014 s^{_phcn e w A okn amknibn ^m. t_m_n tpmkv I n m v FgpXnbXv) ""`wkn-bp Hcp Nph-Sp-h-bv]n\v Ign Znh-k-ß-fn km n-bm-hm ] n. tim -bøv Im\w Fs mcp {Kma-Øn hnim-e-amb Hcp ]msti-j-c-øn Zo L-h j-ß-fpss CS-th-fbv p tijw Irjn Bcw-`n- p-i-bm-wv. lnem-ens t\xr-xz-øn A`-b kmwkvim-cni kwlamwxv Gs -Sp-Øn-cn- p- -Xv. Akm-[m-c-W-amb cmjv{sob t_m[-ap- m-bn-cp- p, AIm-e-Øn s]men A`-b F B sndp- - m-c\v. Rmdp-\-So-en ] p-tn-cm Ipsd-tbsd sndp- - m D m-bn-cp- p. apxn hnzym n-iƒ F p ]d-bp- -Xm-bn-cn pw icn. hc-ºøv sncp- p-iƒ Agn- p-am n apt mfw tndn \n v Rmdv \Sp ImgvN BcpsS angn-i-sf-bmwv kp-e-ßfm- m-ø-xv. km[m-c-w- m-cpss Bghpw AgIpw Xncn- -dn-bm B`n-ap-Jy-ap B a ƒ hc-ºsø sncp- p-isf AWn-bmsX ] -bmb Pohn-X-Øn-te v Ft - p-ambn Cd-ßn-t m-ipsa v Rß-fn sx p apxn -h In\mhp ImWp- p.'' 83

84 hnzym-`ymkw Km n-pn-bpss ImgvN- m-sn hnzym`ym-k-øns Ah-km-\-a XpS w am{x-amwv km -cx. Nqj-Is Bh-iy-Øn-\-, Nqjn-X-cmb {Kmao-W-cpsS Bh-iy-Øn-\p-th n thww hnzym-`ymk ]cn-h Ø-\w. \ bpw Xn bpw Xncn- -dn-bm klm-bn- m-øxv hnzym-`ym-k-a as t m BWv. \ne-hn-ep tziob kml-n-cy-߃ ]Tn- n- m-ø-xns\ tziob hnzym-`ym-k-sa p \mw Fßs\ ]dbpw? Cw ojv Adn-bp- -XmWv hnzym-`ymkw F p-i-cp-xp-thmfw \mw hj-fm-bn-cn- p- p. 84

85 85 A`-b kvamciti{μw (ASK) se dnt m pw hchpsnehpiw pw

86 A`-b kvamci ti{μw {SÃv (ASK) dnt m v A`-bs th ]m-sn-s\-øp-s v 2013 Pq 8 \v s]m Ip- Øp tn A\p-tim-N\ tbmk- Øn kwkm-cn- -h-sc mw Ahs Pohn-Xhpw Z i-\hpw aptºm p sim p t]mip- -Xn-\p I Ω ]cn-]msniƒ p cq]w simsp- -W-sa p \n t±-in- p. XpS v ]\-a w tziob hmb-\-ime-bpss {]h Ø-I Hcp kvac-wni Xøm-dm- p- -Xn\pw h jw txmdpw A -]q Æ-amb ]cn- ]m-s-n-iƒ \S-Øp- -Xn\pw ap ssi FSp-Øp. CXns\- m-ap Btem-N-\-I-fn \n mwv {SÃv cq]- h-xv -cww F Bi-b-ap- m-b-xv sk]vxw-_ 14 \v {KŸ-im-em-Zn-\- Øn s]m Ip w P\-Io-b-hm-b-\-im-e-bn tn s]mxp-tbmkw A`-b kvamci ti{μw {SÃv (ASK) F t]cn Hcp kwl-s-\bv p cq]w simsp-øp. kaq-lsø am\-ho-i-cn- m-\p t_m[-]q Δ-amb {]{In-b-bpsS `mk-ambnøocpi 86

87 F -XmWv {SÃns e yw. \hw-_ 14 \v "A`-b A`-b ' Hm Ω-]p-kvXIw {ioaxn B ]m ΔXo tzhn A`-bs kplrøv \njne kp[ Ωbv p \ In {]Imi\w snbvxp. cm[m-ir-jvw tamxn-c- n hc A`-bs Nn{Xw kn.-fkv kppmx A\m-Om-Z\w snbvxp. \hw-_ 24 \v amt\-pnwkv IΩ- n-iqsn `mc-hm-ln-isf sxc-s - Sp-Øp P\p-hcn 13 \v Im\w ]ms-ti-j-c-øn {]Ir-Xn-Ir-jn-bpsS DZvLm-S\w \S- p. {]Ir-Xn-Ir-jn-bpsS tic-f-ønse {]Nm-c-I-cn Hcmfmb {ioln-em-ens t\xr-xz-øn Ggc G s\ h-b-en Irjnbn-d- n. Im n-c- n Fw. F.F tum. F. Pb-cm-Pv, hmgq Xo -]m-zm-{ia sk{i- dn {ioazv Kcp-U-[z-Pm-\μ kzman-iƒ, ^m. t_m_n tpmkv, kn.-fw. sf F n-h \So-en\v kamcw`w Ipdn- p. A`-bs kplr-øp- -fpƒs ss Ht -sd-t NS-ßn ]s -Sp-Øp. Pq 14,15 Xob-Xn-I-fn "A`bw 2014' hm jni A\p-kva-cW ktω-f\w eoem-a-l -Hm-Un-t m-dn-b-øn \S- p. hnp-b-i-c-amb _Zep-Iƒ F Ah-X-c-W-Øn F v hyxykvx taj-e-i-fnse _Z-ep- Iƒ Ah-X-cn- n- -s - p. A`-b kvac-w-i-fp-ambn kplr-øp- fpw kjm- fpw _ p- fpw HØp tn p. "lm v A m v' _m Uv Ah-X-cn- n Ihn-X-I-fpsS Bhnjv mcw {it -b-am-bn. A`-bs "Fs \nem-hn\v' F IhnX Syq snbvxv _m v Ah-X-cn- n- p-i-bp- m-bn. {]kvxpx Ihn-X-bpsS kn.un s{]m^. kpp kqk tpm Pn\v \ In {]Im-i\w snbvxp. awkfw timtfpv Hm^v F Pn-\o-b-dnw-Knse hnzym n-iƒ "Nncn- p cmpmhv' F elp\msiw Ah-X-cn- n- p. ]mem Xob- l pw' P\-Iob hmb-\-im-e-bnse "cwk-bu-δ\w' "DÆn-b-cßv' F o \ms-i-th-zn-ifpw tn v A`ojv iin-[-c kwhn- [m\w snbvx "t{]x-`m-jww' F kn Aø- s IY-bpsS \ms-imh-x-cww \S-Øn. "C y-bnse h Ø-am\ Ime cmjv{so-b-sø- n c mw ZnhksØ tbmk-øn A y- X hln {]apj sxmgn-emfn t\xmhv {io.si F cho-{μ-\myv kwkm-cn p. {SÃv {]h Ø-\-ß-fpsS Hu]- Nm-cnI DZvLm-S\w \n Δ-ln v BZy A`-b kvacw {]`m-jww \S- Øn-bXv ticf πm\nwkv t_m Uv ap sshkv snb am\pw {]apj am IvknÃv ssk m- n-i\pw Ph-l em s\lvdp bqwn-th-gvkn n dn -tbuv s{]m^kdp-amb {io. {]`m-xv]-sv\m-bn- m-wv. 87

88 sse{_dn Iu kn Ahm Up Zm\w skdn-\n n tlmw 88

89 sk]vxw-_ 4 \v ss]i-bnse sk n-\n n tlmanse At -hmkn-iƒ v HmW-k-Zybpw HmW-t m-snbpw \ In. D -h Dt]- n hr -cmb Ahn-SpsØ amxm-]n-xm- -fp-samøv (71 t] ) {SÃnse AwK߃ Iptd-k-abw Nne-h-gn- p. sk]vxw-_ 23 \v tim bw Pn msse{_dniu kn kwl- Sn- n ]men{x\mcm-b-w kvamci {]`m-j-w-tbm-k-øn {SÃns Ahm Up-Iƒ kωm-\n- p. ani _me-th-zn v A ym-]-i\pw \ms-i- {]-h Ø-I-\p-am-bn-cp Fw. Fkv iin-[-cs kvac-w- mbn G s - Sp-Ønb 5000 cq]-bpss IymjvAhm Upw {]i-kvxn-]-{xhpw klr-zb-{k-ÿ-ime kuøv ]mºm-sn v kωm-\n- p. P\-Io-b-hm-b-\-im-e-bpsS sset{_-dn-b-\m-bn-cp IÆ Zbmens Hm Ω-bv mbn G s -Sp-Ønbn- p 5000 cq]bpw {]ikvxn]{xhpw Pn -bnse ani sset{_-dn-b- \mbn sxc-s -Sp- -s ssh w Aw_n-Im-am v t]m vtpm satωm-dn-b sse{_-dn-bnse {ioaxn F.sP. sim p-dmwn G phmßn. AJne ticf hmb-\-a- -c-øn Pn -bn H mw ÿm\w t\snb Pn_p si.-tpmkv (tlmfn-tkmãv _n.-f- v.-f-kv. Fkv ap p-nnd) A`-bs kvac-w- mbn G s -Sp-Ønb 5000 cq] Iymjv Ahm Upw {]ikvxn ]{Xhpw G p-hm-ßn. {SÃv G s -Sp-Ønb ani {KŸ-imem {]h Ø-I-bv p 5000 cq] Iymjv Ahm Upw, {]i-kvxn-]-{xhpw (F-gp-Øp-Im-c\pw {KŸimem {]h Ø-I-\p-amb ]n. apc-fn-tam-l-\s kvac-w-bv v) Ipdn- n- Øm\w ]n. inh-cm-a-]n satωm-dn-b ]o nƒkv sse{_dnbnse Fw. kcn-xbv v kωm-\n- p. A`-b kvamci ti{μ-øns t]cn Hcp sh_vssk v Bcw- `n- -W-sa \n t±-i-a-\p-k-cn v Hcp sh_v-ssk v F t]cn {]h Ø-\-am-cw-`n- n- p- v. A`b kvamciti{μw {SÃv C pw hy amb kwls\mcq]w ssihcn n n. "A`bw 2015' se N Iƒ {SÃns kwls\mcq]hpw ImgvN mspifpw F mhwsa v Xocpam\n pw F v {]Xymin p p. {SÃns {]h Ø\ tajeisf pdn pw hy amb ImgvN msv cq]oicnt Xp v Pq 2 tn IΩ n {SÃns AwKXzw tn p- -Xn-s\- n Btem-Nn- n-cp- p. {SÃv {]h Ø-\-ß-fp-ambn kl- I-cn- p- -hsc AwK-ß-fm- m-\mwv Btem-N\ sk{i dn 89

90 A`-b kvamc-i-ti-{μ-øns \ne-hn-ep {SÃn-Iƒ F.-B. kn p AUz. Kncojv Fkv. \mb AUz. ]n. ht\mzvpn hnthiv sf]v Ipcp-hnf F.-B. km_p _n. kp\n si. jn_p \njne kp[- Ω hn.-f-kv. A\n Ip-am ]n.-f. tkmp Ah\n Fw. cmpohv Fkv. Sn.-F-kv. _m_p-cmpv A Pp cmpv cmlp {]-kmzv cmtpjv ]n.-f-kv. F.-B. ao\ _n\pipam Fw.-]n. A`ojv Fkv.-F-kv. kpio{μ hn. ]n. a[p {iohnzy Fkv.-sI. Aa Pn IrjvW amt\-pnwkv {SÃn {]kn-u v sshkv{]-kn-u v sshkv{]-kn-u v sshkv{]-kn-u v sk{i- dn tpm.- sk-{i- dn tpm. sk{i dn tpm. sk{i- dn {Sj-d (ÿncw Wn-Xm-hv) (ÿncw Wn-Xm-hv) 90

91 hchp snehv kw n]vxw hchv snehv F.B ao\ cq]o-i-c-w-tbmkw hnhn[ sne-hp-iƒ ]n. hnt\mzvpn {SÃv cpn-kvt{s-j {]m-cw-`-sn-ehv _n. kp\n kvac-wni A- Sn F.B km_p A`bw 2014 F.B kn p kwl-s-\m-s -ehv AcpWmtZhn ]n hmsi s]mxpp\-ß-fpss kw`m-h\* tãpv \nt ]w ]n h-en- Xv sse v ku v _m p ]eni {]Nm-cWw s] t^m-a kv ` Ww tumiypsa-t -j Nmcn n: hnth-im-\μ tkhm-ti{μw skdn-\n- ntlmw HmW-kZy HmW-t msn , ]pc-kv mcw \nt ]w (*kw`mh\ X hcpss Iymjv C lm Uv hni-zmw-i߃ A\y{X) BsI BsI

92 2014 Pq 14 \v e`n kw`mh\bpss hnizmwi߃ v B.sI. a pgn cho{μ ]n.pn. ]qgn pt A\n Ipam cm[mirjvw am q tkmwn Fen pfw kt mjv _n. \yqlmƒ si.fw. amxyp asp pgn chni, Nß\mt»cn cmlq \mcmbw, ]ø q ltcmƒuv spbnwkv, Xncph\ ]pcw \Pne, sim n n B, IpSp nd si.]n. tkm]me \mb, IdpI m {]Zo]v B. ]\a w A\p ]n Pn_n si. txmakv, sim ºdºn, Iqh n Zo]Iv hnpb, πmtøm Øn kn_n tp _v, ] ncpthen kzminh, IrjvWIr], sim n ctajvipam, Xncq (]n.f.pn) F.]n. _meirjvw, simbnem n ]n.-f-kv. _me-n-{μ ]\-a w kxojv N{μ, πmthmen ]fln\n k am h n p v Sn.]n. cm[mirjvw \mb, Xpºbn Fw.F. KwKm[c, Cfßpfw txmakv Fw.bp. kw{im n, tim bw F.B. kmk Fkv.F_n camebw hmwn apcfotaml ]n.f. tkmp amxyp h Kokv B\n map bv ]n. k\ Ipam Bfpdpºn

93 kn.pn. A\n Ipam (Pb ) Im nc m v A`nemjv Un. ap ØpIpt ]n.fkv. kxoivipam, ]d n møv amxyp sk_m-ãy, Nnd-ap-JØv _m_p sk_mãy ]\- n-a- -Øn hnpp t]mƒ, sxt - c (]n.-f.-pn) AP-b (]n.-f.-pn) jmpn Fw. n., agp- m-hn si.]n F Aar-X, Xriq tamfn Sn, Bfp-dp-ºn kppmx Sn, Bfp-dp-ºn KoX \mb, Bfp-dp-ºn si._n APnXv Ipam, Nn{Xm-e-bw, sndp-h n at\mpv, Cf-ßpfw arzpe kzman-\m-y Fw. si cm[m-ir-jvw, ams-øm-\n Sn.-F k\m-x-\- p-dp v Fw. ]n _n\p-ip-am, tamxn-c- - n ]n.hn Ip n-bω sk{i- -dn, tzio-b-hm-b-\-im-e, ]\-a w iin Sn.-F-kv, XS-Øn Fkv. cmpohv tziob hmb-\-im-e, ]\-a w si.pn DÆn-Ir-jvW \m-b, B p-atw F. DÆn-Ir-jvW \mb If-cn-bv B p-atw hnp-b-ip-am, πmtøm- -Øn cmtpjv Pn, B p-atw Pn A\n Ip-am, If-cn-, awn-ae _n. kptc-jvip-am, sim m-c-øn, Xº-e-bv msv e van iin-[-c, Im Øn-Im-e-bw, ]pen-b- q tpymxn-hmkv F.sI Kncn-Pm-tZhn F. B p-atw `mkv -c \mb, t]cp- p-t, ]\-a w ]n.-ir-jvw-{]-km-zv, N{μm-e-bw, kp Øm _tøcn F.-B kn p, Bfp-dp-ºn A`ojv Fkv.-F-kv, Xntb- l v, ]mem Iym_n-s\ v IΩyq-Wn-t -j kv, BsI

94 arkw AXns ]cn-k-csø D]-tbm-K-s -Sp-Øp p; kz w km n yw sim p am{xw AXn am -߃ hcp-øp- p. a\p-jy-\m-i-s, Ahs Dt±-i-kn- n- p-th n AXn am -߃ hcp-øp- p, AXns\ hcp-xn-bn-em- p- p. a\p-jy\pw a p-p- p- fpw XΩn-ep A n-a-amb, ImX-emb, hyxymkw CXm-Wv. A zm-\-amwv Cu hyxymkw ssih-cp-øp- -Xv. {^U-dnIv FwK kv 94

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96 `qan-bn Poh-\p-s imkv{xkxy-sø- mƒ {]m[m-\y-ap- Xv `qan p Poh-\p-s auenibmym y-øn-\m-wv. am\-hn-ix tihew a\p-jy-t -asø XpW-bv p- -X-, k Δ-Po-h-Pm-e-sØbpw IW- n-se-sp- p- -Xm-Wv. Ipdpw-I-hn-X-Iƒ hn. _me-n-{μ A`-b kvamc-i-ti{μw {SÃv cpn-ã \º 3/14 Bk No.4 kmhn{xn hosv, ]m p-]m-d, s]m Ip w ]n.-h., tim bw t^m : , mailtoabhayan@gmail.com website: 96