(1) Pq - -Pqsse 2015

Transcription

1 (1)

2 (2) hne: cq] hne: cq] hne: cq] hne: cq]

3 (3)... Pq - Pqsse 2015 ]pkvxiw 4 e w 1 hne ` FUnt mdnb apple 04 tamzn... sipvcnhmƒ...]ns am[y-aßfpw 06 ]n. _k v - ASn-b -cm-h-ÿ- I-gn- Xpw \S- n-ep- Xpw 14 hcm-\n-cn- p- Xpw si. cmp-tkm-]m CuPn-]vXv ]{X-{]-h Ø-IcpsS 26 XS-h-d-bm-Ip- p aoun-bm-bpss ASn-b- -cm-hÿ 29 BOYS DON T CRY 32 Shoma A. Chatterji \yqkv s\ v 35 C.]n.Fkv hmb-\ 36 jmpn tp _v hn. cmp-tkm-]m : ]{X-{]-h Ø-\-Øn\v 42 Dgn- p-sh PohnXw Bookshelf 45 A mzan hm ØIƒ 46 temiw I hc 50

4 (4) ap hm-xn ad- n-cn- p am[ya bmym Yy-߃... Editorial Advisor N.P. Rajendran Editor Sergy Antony Editorial Board E.P. Shajuddeen N. Rajesh P. Sujathan T. R. Madhukumar C. N. Mohanan Design & Layout Chetana Media, Kottayam Printer & Publisher N. P. Santhosh Marketing In Charge Shainus Markose Address Media Kerala Media Academy Kakkanad, Kochi Phone: mediamag.kma@gmail.com Website: \nc- -c-amb `oj-wn-i-fp-ssbpw kω Z-ß-fp-sSbpw \Sp-hn-emWp am[y-a-{]-h Ø-I C v. `c-w-iq-s-ßfpw cmjv{so-b-{]-ÿm-\-ßfpw XßfpsS ZpjvsN-bvXn-Iƒ ad- p-h-bv m {ian- p-tºmƒ Ah ]pd-sø-spøp kaq-l-øn-\p-th n hnnm-cw snøp- am[y-a-{]-h Ø-I i -amb kω Z-ß-fmWp t\cn-ts- n-h-cp- Xv. ]e hni-knx P\m-[n-]-Xy-cm-Py-ß-fnepap- -Xn-t\- mƒ Gsd kzm- X-{ y-amwv C y-bn Hcp-Im-eØp am[y-a-߃ p e`n- n-cp- Xv. sk k jn- n-eq-ssbpw ]{X-am-c-W-_n- n-eq-ss-bp-sams am[y-a-߃ p ISn- m-wn-sm \S {ia-ßsf H bv pw Iq mbpw t\cn ]mc-º-cyamwp cmpysø am[y-a-{]-h Ø-I p- Xv. ]cn-an-x-amb hm Øm-ti-J-cW kui-cy-ß-fpss Imew amdn. hn]pe-amb kmt -XnI klm-b-tømss Xß-fpsS tpmen snøp- -Xn-\p kuicyw C p am[y-a-{]-h Ø-I p v. F m hnh-c-km-t -Xn-Ihn-Zy-bpsS hnim-e-amb Cu CSw th -hn[w D]-tbm-Kn- m \ap p km[n- p- pt m? km[y-x-ifp-ssbpw sh p-hn-fnifpssbpw Ime-am-Wn- Xv. A\u-tZym-Kn-I XS-k-ß-fmWp Xß-fpsS tpmen Imcy- -a-ambn snøp- -Xn\p am[y-a-{]-h Ø-I p XS-k-am-hp - -Xv. P\m-[n-]-Xy-sØ- p-dn- p- Nne thdn Nn -Iƒ hf p-h-cp Ime- L- -hpam-wnxv. \h-en-_-d Ime-L- -Øn P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn\v ]pxnb `mjy-am-wp- Xv. P\m-[n-]-Xy-[zw-k\w IqSp-X X{ -]q hw \S- p- -Xn-\p kml-ncyw cq]w sim n- p- v. P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns DZmØ amxri temi-øn\p \ Inb Nne cmjv{s-ß-fn t]mepw P\m-[n-]-Xyhn-cp- hpw tkz m-[n-]-xy-]chpamb `c-w-co-xn-iƒ IS- p-h-cp- p. P\m-[n-]-Xy-amWv G hpw DZm-Ø-amb kmaq-ly-hy-h-ÿn-xnbpw `c- W-{I-a-hp-sa Nn \q m- p-iƒ paptº hf p-h- -Xm-sW- nepw cmp-`-c-whpw GIm-[n-]-Xy-hp-am-bn-cp p an temi-cm-py-ß-fnepw \nehnencp- Xv. CØcw ti{µo-irx `c-w-hy-h-ÿ-i-fpss ZpjvsN-bvXn-Iƒ tnmzyw snø-s -SpI Ffp- -am-bn-cp- n. Ahn-sS-bmWv am[y-a-ßfpw am[y-a-{]-h Ø-Icpw {]k- -am-bn-øo Xv. ISpØ sh p-hn-fn-i-sfbpw `oj-wn-i-sfbpw t\cn- mwv A m-eøv am[y-a-{]-h Ø-I a\p-jym-h- Imi߃ pw kzmx-{ y-øn-\pw-th n ]S-s]m-cp-Xn-bXv. Ah-cn ]e pw AXns Kpcp-X-c-amb Xn -^-e-߃ A\p-`-hn-t - -Xmbpw h p. DZm-c-h-XvI-c-W-Øn-s bpw kzx-{ -hn-]-wn-bp-ss-bp-sams Ime- L- -Øn am[y-a-tem-ihpw ]e ]pxp-h-gn-ifpw txsn. kmt -Xn-I-hn-ZybpsS IpXn- p-nm w henb apx ap-s- n\pw hgn-sbm-cp n. hy n-iƒ Xß-fpsS ]cn-an-x-amb kmº-øni kml-n-cy-ß-fn \n- p-sim p \S- Ønb {]kn- o-i-c-w-߃ tic-f-øn Øs ]c-i-x-ap- m-bn-cp p.

5 (5) a[ym- -]-{X-ß-fmbpw A n- -{X-ß-fm-bp-sams AXns\ sndp-xmbn I -h AØcw {]kn- o-i-c-w߃ hm Øm-hym-]-\-Øn\v F{X-am{Xw klm-b-i-am-bncp- p-sh Imcyw hnkva-cn- -cpxv. CØcw sndp-ins {]kn- o-i-w-߃ ]expw Nnd- Ip-I-cn- p-howp. tim ]-td- p-i-fp-sstbm _nkn-\kv {Kq p-i-fp-sstbm cmjv{sob {]ÿm-\-ß-fp-sstbm kwl- Sn-X-hn-`m-K-ß-fp-sStbm ]n _-e-ap {]kn- o-i-w-ßfpw [mcm-f-ap- mbn. Ah-bvs mw \n nx e y-ß-fp- mbn-cp p. AXn-\p-th n aqe-[-\-an-d- m ]ecpw X-bmdmbn. ]nsn- p-\n m siev]n- msx {]kn- o-i-cww \ne- -hbpw C q- -Øn Ipd-h. P\m-[n-]-XysØ i n-s -Sp-Øm-s\- hymtp\ \S- p {ia-߃ p- ]n- n-ep ]ucm-h-im-i-[zw-k\w Is -ØpI ZpjvI-c-am-Wv. km[m-c-w- m p Xncn- -dnbm høm-ø-hn[w k o W-am-W-Xv. kaq-l-øns \ F t]cn a[pcw ]pc n \ Ip Nne Ak-Xy-ßfpw A [-k-xy-ßfpw \mw Xncn- -dnbmsx t]mi-cp-xv. AØcw Ipcp- p-iƒ kaq-l-øn\p Xpd- p-im- m am[ya-߃ v Gsd ]Wn-s -ts- n-hcpw. hm Øm kºm-z-\- Ønepw hn\ym-k-ønepw ]g-b-xp-t]mse ]{X-{]-h Ø- Is t\cn- p CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ Ipd- p-hcp p. a\p-jyk-aq-lsø Bg-Øn _m[n- p ]e {]iv\-ßfpw D]- cn-π-h-amb Nne kw-hm-z-ß-fn apßn-t m-ip- p- v. hm Ø-Iƒ Bkzm-Zy-am m-\p {iaw ]e-t mgpw A]- I-S-I-c-amb {]h-w-x-iƒ p hgn-sbm-cp- p- p. `oi-c-hmzw B[p-\nI temisø kam-[m-\-`-rvp- \-Øn\p Imc-W-am-b-t mƒ AXn-s\-Xntc F p snø- W-sa- -dn-bmsx am[y-a-temiw hnd-ß-en p \n n- pt m F p kwi-bn-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. apwss_ `oi-cm-{i-a- W-Øns kpoh kwt{]-jww Db Ønb hnhmzw Iptd- mew \o p-\n- p. `oi-c-x-bpss ktµiw a p- -h-cnte v FØn- m\pw `oxn-bpss A -co w \ne- \n Øm\pw B[p-\nI hm Øm-hn-\n-ab kt -X߃Xs Ah pw XpW-bmbn. CØcw hn[zw-ki {]h Ø-\-߃ pw ]Ww [mcmfw Hgp-In-sbØn. A{]-Xo- n-x-amb BLm-X-߃ s]mxp-k-aq-l-øn-te-ev]n p {i ]nsn- p-]- m {ian- h a\p-jy-po-h-s\bpw aqey-ß-sfbpw ]pdw-t]m- n-em n. GXp {Iqc-IrXyØn\pw Xbm-dm-hp kwl-߃ temi- Øns ]e `mk-ß-fnepw `c-w-iq-s-ßsf hsc hnc Øp- ºn \n Øn. Cu {Iqc-X-Iƒ ]pdw-tem-i-tø p sim p-h-cm {ian [mcmfw am[y-a-{]-h Ø-I txm n\pw t_mw_n-\p-an-c-bm-bn. Hcp-]t G hpw A]- I-S-I-c-amb AØcw Nne hm Ømkam-l-cW {ia߃ n-s-bn Poh XyPn-t - n-h hsc am[y-a-tem- Iw-t]mepw th -hn[w ]cn-k-wn- n-. am[y-a-ß-fpss \nb-{ Ww tim ]-td- p-i-fpss ssii-fn-se-øn-b-t mƒ as mcp am[y-a-kw-kvim-c-amwp hf-cp- Xv. hmb-\- m v Bh-iy-ap- Xp simsp- p kwkvimcw. D]-tbm- m-hn\v Bh-iy-ap- Xv F te_- en \ Ip- Xv _nkn-\kv hf bv p klm-b-iamipw. AXn-eqsS am[y-a-[ a-sa hnim-em Y-ap hm n-s\bpw Ah hnev]-\- -c- m- n. hm Ø-Ifpw hni-ie\-ßfpw am{x-a hnt\m-zhym]\hpw am[y-a-ß-fpss Npa-X-e-bn-em-bn. Ahn-sS Nne I -h-s- -tæmss Icp- ƒ \o n. hnt\m-z-øneqss hnev -s -Sp am[y-a-kw-kvim-c-sø- p-dn p am[ya-k-aqlw hne-bn-cp-tø- -Xp- v. hnt\m-z-]-cn-]m-sn-i-fpss X n- -b- -Øn hm ØIfpw hkvxp-x-ifpsams ]n - -s -Sp p. Nm\-epIfpsS hc-thmss hnt\mz hym]- \Øn\p km[yx h [n- -t mƒ \ne-\n-ev]n-\mtbm a - Øn H -sas-ømt\m A Sn am[y-a-ßfpw Nne X{ ߃ ]b- p- p. \h-am-[y-a-߃ GXp-Xcw hn\n-a-b-øn\pw k am-b-xn-\m AXn-t mƒ ]e-t mgpw NcSp s]m- nb ] - Øns Ah-ÿbn-embn. h n s]m n-b-ti-jhpw ] w BIm-iØv Ipsd kabw Xeßpw hneßpw IpXn pw. ]n o-sp ]X\w Fhn-tS- m-ip-sa p ]d-bm-\p-am-in. ] -Øns `wkn-tb-dnb Ne-\-ßfpw Db-c-Øn-te- p IpXn- epw Xmsg NcSp ]nsn- p- -bm-fpss sshz-kv[y- Øn-emsW Xp ad- -cp-xv. Im ns KXn ssihn-c-ep-ifneqss a\-knepw akvxn-jvi-ønepw A\p-`-hn- m-\m-h- Ww. \h-am-[y-a-ß-fpss D]-tbm-K-Øn\v \nb-{ -W-ta s - Sp-Øm ]e hgn-ifpw Btem-Nn- p- p v. `c-w-iq-s- Øn\v C m-cy-øn ]cn-an-xni-fp- v. h Ø-am\ ]{Xß-fpsS bmym-ÿn-xni kz`m-hsø ssen-hn-j\pw \ham-[y-ßfpw Ipsd-tbsd ]cn-jvi-cn- n- p v. tic-f-sø kw_- n- n-s-tømfw A Sn am[y-a-߃ v Iptd- m-ew- IqSn ChnsS ]nsn- p-\n m-\mhpw. ]c-º-cm-kx hm Øm kam-l-cw, Ah-X-cW coxn-i-fn C\nbpw am w-h-cptø- n-bn-cn- p- p-sh p am{xw. cmpy-øns CXc `mkß-fn ÿnxn hyxy-kvx-am-wv. Nne-bn-S-ß-fn am[y-ash-fn w Ct mgpw A\y-am-Wv. 2011se kmaqly kmº-øni PmXn k th cmpysø {Kmao-W-ta-J-e-bpsS Ah-ÿ-sb- p-dn p hy -amb Nne hnh-c-߃ \ Ip- p v. {]Xn-amk hcpam\w Aøm-bncw cq]-bn Xmsg-bp- -h-cmwv cmpysø {Kmao-W-cn 73 ix-am-\hpw e w IpSpw-_-߃ hni- -S- m hgn txsp- Xp `n -sb-sp-øm-wt{x. {KmaoW C y-bnse ]Ip-Xn-bn-tesd IpSpw-_-ßfpw Hcp Xp p `qan t]mep-an- m-ø-h-cmwv. C y-bnse Ip n-i-fpss t]mj-im-lm-c- p-d-hn-s\- p-dn p Iptd- mew apºv bqwn-sk^v Hcp ]T-\-dn-t m v Xbm-dm- n-bn-cp p. AXp {]kn- o-i-cn- p- Xv XS- p. hosp-i-fn sshzyp-xnbpw em Uv t^mwpw ssihiw samss_ t^mwp-sams D -h-cpss ] n-i-bn IqSp- X Bfp-Iƒ Dƒs -Sp-tºmƒ hni-k\w ]Sn-hm-Xn se p ]d-bp- -h bym Y {KmaoW C y-bpss Nn{Xw ImWmsX t]mip p. B[n-Im-cnIamb sk kkv hnh-c-߃ C{Xbpw `oxn-z-am-sbmcp kmaqly kmwkvim-cni ] m-øew hc- p-im- p-tºmƒ C y-bnse am[y-a-tem-i-øn\v Xß-fpsS sxmgn ]-c-amb DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw h [n- p-i-bmwv. C mbva-i-fpss Cu CS-ß-fn-te p IS p sn m am[y-a-{]- h Ø-I p km[n- Ww. Xnf-ßp apj-øns aqsn hen- p-am- p-tºmƒ ImWp IdpØ bmym Yy-߃ p t\tc IÆmSn ]nsn- m C\nbpw Gsd Zqcw t]mti- - Xp- v.

6 (6) ]n. _k v... tamzn... sipvcnhmƒ...

7 (7) ]ns am[y-aßfpw am[y-a-ß-fpss ]q Æ-]n- p-w-tbmss cmjv{so-b-øn ]S p ] -en t\xm- ƒ tic-f- Ønepw cmpyøpw \nc-h-[n-bp- v. cmjv{sob t\xm- fpss hf -bn am[y-a-߃ hln- p sndnb ] ns\- p-dn v B pw kwi-b-an-. am[y-a-ßfpw am[y-a- {]-h Ø-Icpw cmjv{sob t\xm- fpw XΩn-ep \m`o- _ w sh n-am- m Ign-bp- -Xpa-. ""ehv- -slbv v'' _ -am-w-xv. shdp- p-tºmgpw At\ym\yw CjvS-s -Sp- -h-cm-wv, As - n CjvS-s - Sm\pw ASp- m\pw B{K-ln- p- -h-cmwv aq p Iq cpw. hm Ø-Iƒ v a p ]e ti{µ-ßfpw t]mse, cmjv{so-b- m-c-\pw, am[y-a-{]-h Ø-Is\ kw_- n- n-stømfw {][m-\-am-wv. a\ psim p shdp- p-tºmgpw ASp- m\pw "KpUv _p vkn ' CSw-]n-Sn- m {ian- p- Xpw AXp-sIm m-wv. am[y-a-ßfpw am[ya-{]h Ø-Icpw cmjv{so-b- mcpw XΩn-ep Ahn-ip _ w ]e-t mgpw Btcm-]-W-߃ pw hnhm-z-߃ pw hgn-sx-fn n- p-ap- v. tim -td v CS-\n-e- mcn \ocm dmun-b-bpss ssent^m tnm Ønb BZm-b-\n-IpXn hip- n\p e`n- Xp hgn-hn _ -Øns sxfn-hp-i-fm-bn-cp- p. \yqu lnbnse ]e ap \nc FUn- amcpw tim -td v CS-\n-e- mcpssbpw cmjv{so-b- m-cp-ssbpw ]nwn-bm-fp-i-fmsw kxyw ]pd-øp-h- Xv At m-gm-wv. ssi m-s-ise-bm-bn-cn- Ww Cu _ -sa p ] v tp W-enkw mkp-i-fn Kpcp-\m-Y am ]Tn- n- m-dp v. F m, apt m- p t]m n Cu {][m\ D]-tZiw ]et mgpw am[y-a-{]-h Ø-I ad- m-dpap- v. IqSp-X ASp- p-tºmƒ s]s p AI- p-t]m-im\p km[y- Xbpw IqSp-X-em-Wv. B AI ]I-tbmsS Bbmepw A p-x-s -ts -Xn-. am[y-a-ß-sfbpw am[y-a-{]-h Ø-I-scbpw ka -ambn D]-tbm-Kn t\xm- ƒ cmjv{so-b-øn

8 (8) Gsd-bp- v. AXn ap \nc ko v \ Im-hp- Xv {][m- \-a{ n \tc{µ tamzn pw U ln apjy-a{ n Ac-hnµv sipvcnhm-fn-\p-am-wv. X߃ t\cn G hpw henb cmjv{sob ]co- -W-Øn Ccp-h pw am[y-a-ß-fpss ]n p-w-bp-ap- m-bn-cp- p. {][m-\-a{ n ÿm\m nbmbn Ign sim sø s]mxp-xn-c-s -Sp- n a k-cn- p-tºmƒ tziob am[y-a-ß-fn `qcn-]- hpw tamzn-s m w \n p-sh v hne-bn-cp-ø-s -Sp- p. am[ya CS-s]-S-en {][m\ FXn-cm-fn-bmb tim {Kkv ]n m w t]mbxpw Hcp Imc-W-am-bn. F m, Xncs -Sp- n\p tijw am[y-a-ßsf AI n \n Øn-bn-cn- p-i-bm-wv tamzn. kzbw AI p \n p- p-sh- - Xn\p]cn a p a{ n-amsc AI n \n Øp- -Xn\p ap ssi-sb-sp- p- Xpw {][m-\-a-{ n-bpss Hm^o-km-sW Btcm-]-Whpw i -am-wv. kam-\-amwv U ln apjy-a{ n Ac-hnµv sipvcnhmfpw. knhn k okv hn v s]mxp-tk-h-\- Øn\v Cd-ßnb sipvcnhm-fns\ hodp t]mcm-fn-bm n am nbxn am[y-a-߃ pw Hcp ] v Ah-Im-i-s -Smw. Xe-ÿm\\K-cn-sb p U ln v t]cp- -t mgpw a p \K-c-߃ t\cn-sp- -Xn-t\- mƒ cq -amwv Chn-SpsØ P\-߃ t\cn-sp ASn-ÿm\ {]iv\-߃. Fw. ]namcpw a{ n-amcpw Xma-kn- p eyq n-b kv tajebpw CS-Ø-c- m-cnse ta Ø- p-im Xma-kn- p timf-\n-ifpw am n-h- m as hn-sp-søbpw t]mse IpSn-sh- hpw sshzyp-xnbpw ipnn-xz-hp-sa mw km[mcw mc\v C pw U ln-bn A{]m-]y-am-Wv. CXn-s\-Xnsc Fs - nepw \S-]-Sn-sb-Sp- m apjy-[mc cmjv{sob ]m n-iƒ Xbm-dm-Im-Xn-cp- -t mgmwv Ac-hnµv sipvcnhm-sf sndp- - m-cs hc-hv. t\csø Xs hnh-cm-h-im-i-øn\v th n-bp t]mcm- -Øn-eqsS kpo-h-amb sipvcnhmƒ U lnbnse km[m-c-w- m-cs {]iv\-ß-fn CS-s] p XpSßn. C sø t]mse h P-\- q- -Øns ]n _-e-an-

9 (9) msx ]e-t mgpw H bmƒ t]mcm- -Øn HXpßnb {]Xn-tj-[-ßsf ]n p-w- m U ln-bnse am[y-a߃ Xbm-dm-bn-cp- p. XpS v AÆm lkm-sc-bpss Agn-aXn hncp t]mcm- -Øns Ip -ap-\-bmbn amdptºm-tg pw sipvcnhm-fn-\p- nse cmjv{so-b- m-c ]pd-tø v h pxps-ßn. Agn-aXn hncp {]ÿm-\- Øn \n v, lkm-sc-bpss FXn v Ah-K-Wn v Bw BZvan ]m n (FF]n) F cmjv{sob ]co- -W- Øn\v XpS w Ipdn- p-tºmƒ sipvcnhmƒ U ln- mcpss a\-kn CSw-tX-Sn-bn-cp- p. ]pxnb cmjv{sob kwkvimcw Db Øn-]n-Sn sipvcnhm-fn\v ]nd-in am[y-a-ßfpw AWn-tN p. sipvcnhm-fns ]nd-inse i nbpw am[y-a-{]- h Ø-I-cm-bn-cp- p. tbmtk{µ bmz-hv, Ct mgsø D]-ap-Jy-a- { nbpw k -X-kl-Nm-cn-bp-amb a\ojv kntkm-znb, h mhv AiptXmjv Bjnjv tjxm XpS-ßnb-hscms am[ya-cw-køp\n v cmjv{so-bøn FØn-b-h-cm-bn-cp- p. am[y-a-ß-fpambn Dujva-f-amb _ w \ne- \n Øp- -Xn\v sipvcnhm-fn\v Ch klm-b- Iambn F Xv hnkva-cn p IqSm. sipvcnhmfpw tbmtk{µ bmzhpw {]im v `qjwpw tn v U ln-bn-sebpw tziob cmjv{so-b-ønsebpw tim -td v taj-e-bn-sebpw "hnip ]ip- ƒ's -Xnsc cwk-øp-h- -t mƒ a\- p- sim v BÀm-Zn- p-ibpw ]n p-w-bv p-ibpw snbvxxv am[y-a-{]-h Ø-Icm-bn-cp p. Km n IpSpw-_sØ hna in- -cp-sx Aen- JnX \nbaw s]mfn-s -gp-xn-bxv sipvcnhmfpw kwl-hpam-wv. Aw_m-\n-am-c-S- -ap tim -td v sim - mcpss hntz-isø I - -W-Øns tcj-iƒ s]mxp-p- \-Øn\p ap n hmcn-h-en- n- Xv sipvcnhm-fns t\xr- Xz-Øn-ep aqh kwl-am-wv. U ln-bnse sdbvko\ tdmun-ep {]kv _v Hm^v C y-bn

10 (10) aptijv Aw_m-\n-bpsS I - -W-Øns "IY-Iƒ' hnh-cn- p-sim- p hm Øm ktω-f-\-øn-\n-s-bn Hcp {]apj tzio-b-]-{x-øns _yqtdm No^v ]d- Xv Ct mgpw Hm p- p. ""CXv Ncn{X aplq ØamWv kplr-tø. \mw Adnt m Adn-bm-sXtbm si n-s m nb hm Ø-bpsS axn-ep-i-fmwv ChnsS CSn p hogp- -Xv.'' ]nt - sø ]{X-Øn AXv A -Sn p hcp-tam-sb- -Xm-bn-cp- n- At m-gsø {]iv\w. CØ-c- msc s]mxp-th-zn-bn apg- p- \n Øm t]m B Ip n cmjv{so-b-øn FØnbn-cn- p p F Xncn- -dn-hm-bn-cp p B kplr- Øns a\- n. AhnsS \n v sipvcnhmƒ _lp-zqcw apt m p t]mbn. tim {Kkv ]n p-w-tbmss BZyhpw ]n osv h `q-cn-]- -tømss c m-axpw U ln apjya{ nbmbn. tamznsb ssihn v Ign U ln \nb-ak`m Xnc-s -Sp- n am[y-a-߃ sipvcnhm-fn\p ]nd- In AWn-\n-c- p ImgvN-bmWv I -Xv ko p-ambn sipvcnhmƒ A[n-Im-c-Øn-te- v. ]t, am[y-a-ß-fp-am-bp sipvcnhmfns a[p-hn[p hfsc Ipd v Znh-k-߃ am{x-ta-bp- m-bn-cp- p- q. ]m n- p- nse {]iv\-ß-fn am[y-a-߃ ] p-tn-cp- p-sh Btcm-]-W-Øn\p ]ndti k mcn-s\bpw a{ n-am-scbpw XI m am[y-a-߃ I si- n-bn-cn- p- p-sh Bt -]-hp-ambn sipvcnhmƒ cwk-sø-øn. Hcp ]pø cmjv{sob kwkvimcw Db Øn- n-sn- -h, X\n cmjv{so-b- m-cpss `mj kwkm-cn- p- -XmWv ]n osv I -Xv. cmpysø

11 (11) GsXmcp cmjv{so-b- m-c-s bpw ico-c-`mj sipvcnhmfnepw Iq -cnepw {]Xy- -s - p XpS-ßn. am[y-a-߃ v sk{i- -dn-tb- n hne v I n- Xv h hn-a i-\-߃ v hgn-sx-fn- -Xn\p ]n mse, k m ]pd-øn-d- nb k p-e henb N -Iƒ v hgn-xp-d- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. apjy-a-{ n-sbtbm a{ n-am-sctbm k m-cns\tbm CIgvØn ImWn- p hm Ø-Iƒs -Xnsc am\-\jvstikv \ I-W-sa p k m DtZym-K-ÿsc Npa-X-e-s -Sp-Øp- -XmWv sabv amk-øn ]pd-øn-dßnb k p-e. kwÿm\ C ^ ta-j B v ]ªnkn n hip v ]pd-øn-d- nb k p-e {]Imcw k mcns {]Xn- mb \jvs-s -Sp-Øp- -XmWv hm Ø-sb v GsX- nepw DtZym-K-ÿ\p "txm n-bm ' DS Xs B`y- c {]n kn- sk{i- -dn v ]cmxn \ I-Ww. hm Ø-bnse sx v, {]kn- o-i-cn coxn, kwhn[m\w (]{Xw, Nm\ ), am\-\-jvs-øn-\p Imc-W-߃ F nh hy -am- n-bp ]cm-xn-bn-t t{]mkn-iyqj Ub-d-IvS-dp-ambn Btem-Nn v {]n kn- sk{i- dn \nb-a-\-s-]sn kzoi-cn- -W-sa- -XmWv k p-e-dn hy -am- n-bn-cp- -Xv. CXn-\p ImcWw F m-bn-cp- p-sh p BZyw ]cn-tim-[n- mw. U ln \nba a{ n PntX{µ knmv txma-dn-s\-xnsc Db hymp \nba Un{Kn-bp-ambn _ -s Btcm-]Ww hm Ø-bm- n-b-xmwv sipvcnhmƒ k m-cns\ {]tim-]n- n- -Xv. am[y-a߃ v t\sc-bp ]S-sbm-cp- -amwv ]n osv I -Xv. am[y-a-ßsf s]mxp-hn-nm-c-wbv v hnt[-b-am- -Wsa p s]mxp-th-zn-bn sipvcnhmƒ {]Jym-]n- p. Bw BZvan k m-cns {]Xn- mb XI m Hcp hn`mkw am[y-a-߃ Cdßn ]pd-s - n-cn- p- p-sh p At±lw Btcm-]n- p. txma sx p-sn-bvxn- n-s \ne-]m-sn sipvcnhmƒ Dd- p-\n- p. XpS mwv hnhmz k p-edpw a pw ]pd-øn-d-ßn-b-xv. F m, _m Iu kn-ens ]cm-xn-bn At\z-jWw \S-Ønb U ln t]meokv txma Ip w snbvxp-sh v Is -Øn. a{ n txma-dn-s\ HutZym- KnIhk-Xn-bn \n v U ln t]meokv AdÃp snbvxp Pbn-en-e-S- p. txma-dns Un{Kn hymp-amsw pw B hymp Un{Kn D]-tbm-Kn- mwv At±lw \nba ]T-\-Øn\p tn -sx pw Ct mƒ hy -am-bn- -gn- p. txma-dns\ a{ n-k-`-bn \n p sipvcnhmƒ ]pd-øm- p-ibpw snbvxp. Xs txma sx n- -cn- n- p-sh- mwv Ign- -Zn-hkw apjy-a{ n Ac-hnµv sipvcnhmƒ Ip -k-ωxw \S-Øn-b-Xv. At mƒ, ]ng- Xv B m-sw tnmzyw _m n-bm-hp- p. U ln k m-cns hnhmz k p-e kp{]ow timsxn tã snbvxn-cn- p-i-bm-wv. kpxmcy `c-w-sa ap{zm-hm-iy-hp-ambn A[n-Im-c-Øn-te-dnb k m-cmwv Hcp hm ØbpsS t]cn am[ya-ßsf {Inan-\ \S-]-Sn v hnt[-b-am- m ap ssi-sb-sp- ØXv Ft m -Ww. txma-dn-t Xv hymp _ncp-z-am-

12 (12) sw v hy -am- p Hcp hnh-cm-h-imi tcj {]kn- o-i-cn- pi am{x-amwv am[y-a-߃ snbvx-xv. txmadns Imcy-Øn sk ^v tkmf-sn v ]n n-cn- n-cn- p-i-bmwv U ln k m. ChnsS ]cn-tim-[n-t Xv as mcp hkvxp-x-bm- Wv. am[ya-{]-h Ø-I v t\sc am\-\-jvs-øn\p tisk-sp- m k p-e Cd- m \n tz-in Achnµv sipvcnhmƒ, am\-\-jvssø {Inan-\ Ip -ambn ImWp C y in m \nb-a-ønse 499, 500 hip- p- Iƒ tnmzyw snbvxv kp{]ow tims-xnsb kao-]n- n- p hy n-bm-wv. Cu c v hip- p-i-fp-ssbpw `c-w- L-S\m km[p-x-bmwv sipvcnhmƒ kp{]ow tims-xnbn tnmzyw snbvxn- p- -Xv. sipvcnhmfns\-xnsc KXm-KX a{ n \nxn KUvIcn, ap a{ nbpw {]apj A`n-`m-j-I-\p-amb I]n kn_-ens ai AanXv kn_, U ln apjy-a-{ n-bm-bn-cp joem Zo n-xns s]mfn- n- sk{i- -dn-bm-bn-cp ]h tjcm F n-h \ Inb am\-\jvs tikp-iƒ U ln tims-xn-ifn hnnm-c-w-bpss hnhn[ L -ß-fn-em-Wv. KUvIcn-s -Xnscbpw a pw sipvcnhmƒ Agn-aXn Btcm- ]-W-ap- -bn- Xv am\-\-jvsap m- n-sb v Btcm-]n- p- -XmWv l Pn-Iƒ. {Inan-\ am\-\jvsw F m-sw v C y in m \nb-a-ønse 499- mw hip v hy -am- p- p. am\-\-jvs-ap- m- n-b-xn\v Hcp sim sø XS-hmWv 500 mw hip- n ]dbp- -Xv. Cu c p hip- p-iƒ A`n-{]mb kzmx-{ y-øn\v FXn-cm-sW v Nq n- m- n-

13 (13) Kk v axn-bm-ipw. AXns\ hm Øm am[y-asa p hnfn- m-dn-. GXmbm-epw, U ln k m Ct mƒ ]{X-hm Ø-Iƒ am{x-a-, Nm\-ep-I-fnse hm Ø-Ifpw a pw kq va-amb ]cn-tim-[- \bv v hnt[-b-am- p- p- v. am[ya kzmx- { yøn\v t\sc-bp IS- p-i-b- -amwv U ln k m-cns \S-]-Sn-sb Btcm-]Ww \ne-\n p- p- v. AtX-k-abw, am\- \-jvs-hp-ambn _ -s \ne-hn-ep N -߃ Bh Øn- pi am{x-amwv k m snbvx-sx- mwv FF-]n-bpsS Hcp t\xmhv ]d- -Xv. Aß-s\-sb- n B N -߃ tnmzyw snbvxv sipvcnhmƒ kp{]ow tims-xnsb kao-]n- Xv F n-s\ tnmzy-øn\v Ah v adp-]-sn-bpan. hnhm-z-߃ simgp- p-tºmgpw sh n hogptºmgpw cmjv{so-b- m-c-s- -ap h am[y-a-ßsf ]gn Nmcp- Xv ]Xn-hm-Wv. cmjv{so-b-øn-te v "em -d F {Sn' hgn IS- p-h Ac-hnµv sipvcnhmƒ AXnthKw apjy-[mc cmjv{so-b- m-c-\mbn amdp- p-sh v am{x-amwv Cu kw`hw \sω Hm Ωn- n- p- -Xv. H w Bw BZvan ]m n- cmpysø a p cmjv{sob ]m n-ifn H mim\pw A[nIw kabw th n-h-cn-s kqn-\-bp-amwv AXv \ Ip- -Xv. bmwv sipvcnhmƒ kp{]ow tims-xn-bn-se-øn-b-xv. am\-\-jvs-ti-kp-i-fnse hnnm-cw \S-]-Sn-Iƒ tã snø-w-sa pw Bh-iy-s - n-cp- p. am\-\-jvs-hp-ambn _ -s hip- p-iƒ auen- Imh-Imi ewl-\-am-sw v hmzn v tims-xn-bn t]mb hy nbpss t\xr-xz-øn-ep k m-cmwv am[y-a-߃ p-t\sc AsX \nbaw D]-tbm-Kn- m \n tziw \ In-b-sX Xv hntcm-[m-`m-k-am-wv. AhnsSbpw sipvcnhmƒ Ah-km-\n- n- n-. apxn am[ya-{]-h Ø-I ]{Xtam Nm\tem XpS-ßm B{K-ln- p- p-sh- n k m F m klm-bhpw snøpsa pw At±lw ]d- p. "hm Ø' am{xw \ Ip hnizm-ky-x-bp am[y-a-ßfpw thwsa pw sipvcnhmƒ ]d- -Xmbn dnt m p-i-fp- m-bncp- p. F mwv sipvcnhmƒ Dt±-in p hm Ø. k m-cns hnti-j-߃ am{xw \ Im-\m-sW- n... amxr-`q-an-bpss \yqu ln kvs]jy Id-kvt]m- mwv tej-i. tej-is C -sabn : basanth67@gmail.com

14 - (14) si. cmp-tkm-]m... ASn-b -cm-h-ÿ- I-gn- Xpw \S- n-ep- Xpw hcm-\n-cn- p- Xpw...-h Ø-am\w hnfn- p-iqhpw sn s \mh-cn p Npa-cn-se mw Icn-h-c pw Icp-am-So-\m-h-cn p snfn-in-f p ]qhn-cn ]pe-bs \mh-cn p \mhp-a-cw, si. k n-zm-\µ, hnth-tim-z-bw, 1976 am v 14. The state is the culmination of a process of concentration of different species of capital: capital of physical force or instruments of coercion (army, police), economic capital, cultural or (better) informational capital and symbolic capital. - Alain Badiou C y-bpss kzmx-{ ym-\- c Ncn{Xw s]mxpsh ]Ip- p- Xv ASn-b- -cm-h-ÿbv v ap ]pw, ASn-b- -cm-h-ÿbv p tijhpw F coxn-bnemw.v ChnsS \nc-h[n ap -dn-hp-iƒ Iev]n- X-am-Wv. H mw temialm-bp- -Øn-\p-tijw cq]wsim, c mw temialm-bp- sø XpS p

15 (15) ]q Øo-I-cn- m Bcw-`n, tzicmjv{s k -amwv CXn {][m-\w. hfsc efn-x-am n ]d- m, AXn Øn \n n-x-am-b, \nbx A[n-Imc cq]-߃ hgn \nb-{ n- -s -Sp, tzicmjv{s-øn ]c-am-[n-imc (dn- -ªn-Iv) kz`m-h-ap `cwkwhn-[m-\-߃ \Ωƒ Btcm]n- p- p- v. c mw temialm-bp- -Øn-\p-ti-jap temi cmjv{sob Ah-ÿ-bn \nc-h[n ""cmjv{s'' cq]o-i-c-w-ß-fpw, XpS v bqtdm-]y cmpy-߃ Chbv v A[n-Im-c-߃ ssiam-depw \S- p. {]mxn- \n[y P\m-[n-]Xy kwhn-[m\amwv Nne cmjv{s-ß-sf- nepw cmjv{sob kwhn-[m-\-ambn kzoi-cn- -Xv. ""\n ΩnX cmjv{s-߃ v'' tbmpn kwhn-[m-\hpw AXm-bn-cp- p. AØcw cmjv{sob kwhn-[m-\-øn Xncn- -dn-hp-, kzbw \n Æb km[y-x-bp ]uc IqSn Dƒs m- p- p. (]s AXn-\p ] m-øew Ahn-I-knX timf-\n-i-fn D m-bn-cp- n-.) C y kzoi-cn- Xpw AXp-X-s. C y F hn]p-e-cmjv{s BJym-\hpw aq Ø-cq-]-Øn hcp- Xv kzmx{ y kac Ime-L w F p \Ωƒ Ct mƒ hnti-jn- n- p kw`hw H mw temi-a-lm-bp- -Øn\pw c mw temialm-bp- -Øn\pw CS-bv p kabw Xs bmwv. H mw temi-a-lm-bp- -Øn-\p-tijw ISs -Wn-bn s {_n timf-\n-isf ISpØ Nqj-W- Øn-\p-hn-t[-b-am- n. c mw temi-a-lm-bp w Ign- t mƒ timf-\n-i-fnse `cww \ne-\n Øm IgnbmØ Ah-ÿ-bn-te v {_n FØn. ssk\n-itijn D]-tbm-Kn v timf-\n-isf \ne-\n Øm th hn`-h-tijn Ah p m-bn-cp- n-. IΩyq-Wn-t -j kmt -XnI hnzy-bpss ]cn-anxn Xs -bm-bn-cp p timf-\n-isf \ne-\n Øm Ign-bmsX h -Xn {][m-\-amb Hcp Imcyw. timf-\n-iƒ F bqtdm-]y BJym-\-Øn\p henb {]Xn-k n t\cn- p. timf-\n- Iƒ Ah-cpsS kz w BJym-\-߃ ÿm]n-s -Sp- m- \p Ignhv ]cn-an-x-am-sb- nepw B n- p-ibpw snbvxp. C y F alm BJym-\-cq]w D m- n-sb-sp- m A p km[y-amb B[p-\nI am[ya cq]w A Sn am{x-am-bn-cp- p. As - n, amkvao-unb F coxnbn ]pkvx-i-ßfpw ]{X-ßfpw B\p-Im-en-I-ßfpw am{xta e`y-am-bn-cp- p- q. (]n m-eøv tdun-tbm-

16 (16) bpw, F ]-Xp-I-fpsS BZy Imew apx ssen-hnj\pw Cu ZuXyw \n -ln- p.) cmjv{s-øns _rlxv BJym-\-߃ ]expw \n -ln- -s - Xv CXn-lmk hymjym-\-ßtfm anøp-i-fpss ]p\ c-n-\-itfm, kmlnxy Iem cn-\-itfm hgn-bm-bn-cp- p. anøp- Iƒ apjy-ambpw C ym D]-`q-J-fi-Øns hs v `mksø ti{µo-i-cn- p h Bbn-cp- -Xn-\m C y F kmaqlycmjv{s \n Ωn-Xn-bpsS BJym-\hpw kn p- -KwKm ka-xe kmwkvim-cni taj-e-bn Du n-s m- p- -Xm-bn. Imivaocpw, hs- p- -In-g- p `q{]-tz-i-ß-fpw, Z n-tw- ybpw hnime C y hymjym-\-øn Hmc-ß-fn-te v HXp-ßn. Ahn-S-ßfnse kmwkvim-cni `qani ]cn-k-wn s -tx-bn-. B[p-\nI C y F \n Ωn-Xn-bpsS apjy hymjym-\-ßfmb C ysb Is -Ø, temi kwkvimc Ncn-{X-Øn-te v Hcp FØn-t\m w XpSßnb s\lvdp cn-\-i-fpw, taml Zmkv Icw-Nµv Km n-bpss hst C y kwkvirxn ti{µo-i-cn- p hymjym-\-ßfpw Fgp-Øp-Ifpw apjy-[mc F p hntijn- n- -s ""lnµp'' anøp-i-sfbpw, Nn m-[m-c-isfbpw ASn-ÿm-\-am- n-øs Bbn-cp- p. a v ""kzmx-{ y-k-ac t\xm- fp''ss cn-\-ifpw AXp- Xs ]n p-s p. kmwkvim-cn-i-ambpw cmjv{so-bambpw Imivao-cpw, hs- p-in-g- p `q{]-tz-i-ßfpw, Z n-tw- ybpw Aßs\ timf-\n-i-fm-hp-i-bmwv D m-b-xv. ""kzx-{ -`m-cxw'' Cu {]tz-i-ßsf ]nsn-s - SpØp ""apjy'' `q{]-tz-i-tømsp Iq n-t p-i-bmwv snbvxxv F p kzmx-{ y-ti-j-ap `q\n Ωn-Xn-sb- p-dn p kq va-ambn hni-i-e\w snbvxm hy -am- Ipw. kzmx-{ ym-\- c cmjv{sob C y-bpss kmº- ØnI Ncn{Xw Cu \nk-a-\-øn\p sxfn w \ Ip- - Xm-Wv. 1947\p tijw cq]-s C ybv v G hpw A[nIw hntz-i-\mwyw t\sn-s m-spø hs v Ing- kwÿm-\-ß-fn-tebpw tic-f-øn-tebpw ]nt m- m-hÿ CØcw Hcp simtfm-wn-b NqjW kºzvhyh-ÿ-bp-ssbpw AXns\ ]n m-ßp \b-ßfp-ssbpw ^e-am-bn-cp- p. B \b-߃ kmwkvim-cni `qan-i-bn ASn-ÿm-\-s -Sp-Øn-bp Nne {]txyi kmº-øni `qan-i-bpss D - -am-bn-cp- p. cmjv{s\n Ωn-Xn-bpsS Ahn`mPy LS-I-amWv ]uc \n Ωn-Xn. cmjv{s-\n Ωn-Xn-bpsS hyh-lm-c-øn-\- I-Øp-X-s -bmwv CXpw \S- p- -Xv. cmjv{s-t_m-[- Øns ASn-ÿm-\-am-Wn-Xv. kzbw \n Æ-bm-h-Im-iap cmjv{s-øn kzbw \n Æ-bm-h-Im-i-ap ]uc D m-h-ww. cmjv{s-øns s]mxpkzøp- ƒ v Ah\p Xpeym-h-Im-i-ap- v. cmjv{s-hy-h-lm-c- Øn G s -Sp- -h-\mwv Ah F v k n- s -Sp- -Xn-\m \b-cq-]o-i-c-w-ønepw, `c-w-\n -l-

17 (17) W-Ønepw Ah\v XpeymhImi-ap- v. F m, CsX mw \nc-h[n LS-I-ßsf B{i-bn- mwv \nesim- p- Xv F -Xp-sIm- v, Cu LS-I-߃ ""]uc''s tijn v ]pd-ømwv {]h Øn- p- Xv F -Xp-sIm- v, P\m-[n-]Xyw ]cm-[o-\-x-iƒ \nd- - Xm-Ip- p. Cu ]cm-[o-\-x-iƒ v Bgw Iq p- -XmWv cmjv{s- Øn-\-IsØ kmº-øni hyh-lm-c-߃. Im jni kº-zvhy-h-ÿ-bn \n p hymh-km-bni kº-zvhy-hÿ-bn-te- p am w kzmx-{ y-øn-\p-th- n-bp ka-c-tøm-ssm w Xs XpS-ßn-bn-cp- p. C y-bpss H mw ] -h -c-]- -Xn-bn Im jn-i-ta-j-ebv v Du \ In-bXv A -cm-`ym-k-an- mø henb hn`mkw {KmaoW P\-ßsf Xm m-en-i-ambn Xr]vXns -Sp-Øm am{x-am-bn-cp p F v ""^e-{ipxn'' hy - am- p- p. hyh-km-b-߃ v ASn-Ød ]mip Im jnihni-k-\-amwv H mw ] -h -c-]- Xn \S- m- n-b-xv. Bkq-{XWw \n ΩnXcmjv{SsØ samø- Øn IW- n-se-sp- p ti{µo-ir-x-amb H m-b-xn- \m kq va-x-e-ß-fn AXp \njv{]-tbm-p-\-am-ip- p. ti{µo-irx kºzvhyhÿ pth \b-߃ ASn-t n- Xp aqew Im jn-i- -{Kma ti{µo-ir-x-amb kº-zvhy-hÿ XI-cp-Ibpw AXv Ah-cpsS hn`h ASn- Ø-dsb Xmdp-am-dm- p-ibpw snbvxp. Bdp ]Xn- m- p- I-fm-bn pw C mcyw k p-en-x-ambn ns v kao-]- Ime A\p-`-h-߃ km y-s -Sp-Øp- p. kzmx{ yka-c-øn\p h ]n- pw\ In-bn-cp- Xv C y hyh-km-bn-iƒ Bbn-cp- p. timf\n Ah-ÿ-bn B hyh-km-bn-iƒ p hf bv p ]cnan-xn-iƒ hf-sc-bm-bn-cp- p. kzx{ ]c-am-[n- ImctI{µw Ah-cpsS snm -Sn-bn \n p- -Xm-h- Ww. AØcw Hcp cmjv{sob kwhn-[m\w Hcp- pi F -Xm-bn-cp p Ah-cpsS e yw. Im jni hyh-ÿbpss hyh-km-b-h -cww km[m-cw I j-i\v A\y-am-bn-cp- p. `t ym m-z-\-øns txmxv h [n- n- m-\p {ia-߃ Irjn `qan-bpss h [\ F k -Øn-te p \bn- p. shdpw kmam\y m\w. Irjn`qan-bpsS hym]vxn h [n- n- Xv ImSpw Imbepw a p s]mxp CS-ßfpw Itø-dnbpw kzim-cy-h -cn pw Bbn-cp- p. AXp `qan ssihiwsh msx Irjn snbvxn-cp-, Pohn-X-hrØn \n -ln- n-cp ]e pw sxmgn C m-xm- p Ah-ÿbn FØn- p. Cw - n hyh-kmbhnπ-h-im-esø AtX Ah-ÿ-bn Bbn-Øo p C y-bpss kº-zvl-s-\m-h-ÿ. \K-c-ßfn-te p Ipd thx-\-øn sxmgn-em-fn-isf e`yam- p cmjv{sob kwhn-[m\w Aßs\ Hcp- -s p. {_n ojv simtfm-wn-b kwhn-[m-\-øns ti{µw Cw mb-xn-\m hn`h Nqj-W-Øns kuicyamwv Ah {][m-\-ambpw ]cn-k-wn- -Xv. AXn- \m Xpd-apJ \K-c-߃ ]cn-k-wn- -s - p. kzmx-{ ym- \- c ImeØv (a-zn-cmin Hgn-hm- n-bm ) \K-c-h cww AXn-thKw \S- Xv DØ-tc- y-bn Bbn-cp- p. sim -Ø-bn \n v {][m\ Iº\n-I-fpsS Bÿm- \-߃ F mw ]Xps ]Xps am -s - p. sxmgn-em-fn- I-fpsS ka-c-߃ F hymtp-\, sshzyp-xnbpw sh hpw \nc-h[n a p {]IrXnhn`-h-ßfpw kpe-`-ambn In p-, A`y-kvX-hn-Zy th -{X-bp tic-fsø Xg- p. (]n- o-sp ]T-\-߃ sxfn-bn- Xp ka-c-߃

18 (18) aqe-ap tic-f-ønse sxmgn Zn\ \jvsw a p \K-cß-fn-te-Xn-s\- mƒ hfsc Ipd-hmWv F -Xm-Wv.) sxmgn-emfn ka-c-ß-fp-ssbpw \nt ]w hcm-xn-cn- p- - Xn-s bpw {][m\ Imc-W-ambn ]gn ti Xv IΩyq-Wn- Ãp-Im-cm-Wv. [mxp- fpw a pw [mcm-f-ambn e`y-am-bn pw _olm, _wkmƒ, Hdok F n-hn-s-ß-fnse \nt ]w [mxp Nqj-W-Øn ]cn-an-x-s - p. G hpw Zcn-{Z-amb {]tz-i-am-bn-øo p Chn-Sw. {]tz-i-øns LS-\, sshz-kv[y-ap sxmgn-emfn-i-fpss e`y-x pdhv F nh-bm-bn-cp p hs p Ing- taj-e-iƒ \nt -]- ߃ v A\y-am-hm ImcWsa p hni-zo-i-cww h p. simtfm-wn-b NqjW kz`m-h-amwv CXn\p ImcWw F -Xv, \nt -]-Ønse Ak-aXzw F -Xv, Bÿm\ kmº-øni hnz-kv[ ka -ambn ad- psh- p. \K-c-ß-fn-te p tnt -dn-b-h A`-bm n-i-fmbn. IpSn-tb at\m-\ne ae-bm-fn v Fß-s\tbm kn n- -Xp-sIm- m-hmw, tic-f-ønse A`y-kvX-hn-Zy BZy-Im-eØv A\y-\-K-c-ß-fn-epw, ]n osv A\y cmpyß-fnepw IpSn-tb-dn. AhnsS tpmen-snbvxp Abbv p ]W-amWv Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc tic-f-ønse \nt -]-߃ p ]n -pw-bm-b-xv. ti{µ \nt -]-߃ hfsc ]cn-an-x-amb hs v In-g- kwÿm-\-ß-fnse P\-߃ ""A\y-kw-ÿm\'' sxmgn-em-fn-i-fmbn ChnsS \c-in- p- Xv \ΩpsS I ap- nep bmym yw am{xw. Ak- p-enx \nt ]w hni-k-\-øns Ak- p-en-xm-h-ÿbv v Imc-W-am-hp- p. CØcw Ah-ÿ- Isf cmjv{so-b-ambn adn-i-s- -W-sa- n hn`-h-ß-fpss \nt -]- hn-x-c-w-øn ka-xp-en-xm-hÿ D m-t - -Xp- v. ÿm]nx Xm ]-cy-߃ CXn\p Xmf- n-g- Iƒ D m- p- p. At mƒ, Ah-cpsS Xm ]-cy߃ v ]cn-k-w\ \ Ip cmjv{so-bm-[n-imcw a p coxn-i-fn-emwv AXns\ ssiimcyw snøp- -Xpw, XcWw snøp- -Xpw. hn]p-e-amb A -Øn, P\-ß-fpsS ]em-b-\- ßfpw IpSn-tb- -ßfpw AXn CS-s]-Sp cmjv{sobhpw IqSn- -e-cp- -XmWv IΩyq-Wn-t -j. shdpw cmjv{so-b-amwv 75- se ASn-b- -cm-h-ÿbv v ImcWw F efnx ka-hmiyw Xncp-Øn-bm-te, ASn-b- -cm-hÿsb as mcp coxn-bn ImWm Ign-bq. Aßs\ ImtW- Xv ""hcm-\n-cn- p ASn-b- -cm-hÿ''sb Xncn- -dn-bp- -Xn\v A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. cmjv{s-\n Ωn-Xnbpw am[y-a-ßfpw (A-Sn-b- -cm-h-ÿbv p ap ]v) Nations, like narratives, lose their origins in the myths of time and only fully realize their horizons in the mind s eye. Such an image of the nation- or narrationmight seem impossibly romantic and excessively metaphorical, but it is from those traditions of political thought and literary language that the nation emerges as a powerful historical idea in the west. An idea whose cultural compulsion lies in the impossible unity of the nation as a symbolic force. - Homi J Bhabha DØ-c-hm-ZnØap ]uc\pw Ah-\m Xnc-s - Sp- -s -Sp- -h AS-ßnb `cwkwhn-[m-\hpw ]c-am-[n- Im-c-ap cmjv{shpw Ah-cpsS hyh-lmc `mj-bn am{xw \ne-\n p- -Xm-Wv. B hyh-lmc `mj ""A -cm-`ym-k-an- mø''h v A\y-am-Wv. A Sn am[y-a-ß-fpss kzm[o\w A -cm-`ym-k-an- mø km[mcw P\-ß-fn Gip- n-. AXn-\m Xs kmlnxyw hgnbpw ]pkvx-i-߃ hgnbpw ]{X-ßfpw B\p-Im-en-I-ß-ƒ hgn-bpap cmjv{s-\n Ωn-Xn-sb- mƒ km[m-c-w- m-cs\ kzm[o-\n- pi sfxn-ly߃, ]g- -Y-Iƒ, ]pcm-ww, \mtsm-sn- -Y-Iƒ, \mtsmsn Iem-cq-]-߃ F n-h-bm-wv. P\-a-\ n Xßn\n p C -e-i-sf- p-dn- p Hm Ω-Iƒ Imem-\p-kr-X-ambn ]p\x-kr-jvsn- p-i, AXns ASn- Ø-d-bn ]pxnb anøp-iƒ krjvsn- pi F n-hbmwv A -cm-`ym-k-an- m-ø-h-cpss FÆw `qcn-] w hcp kwkvir-xn-bn {]mtbm-kn-i-am-hp-i. cmjv{sw F \n Ωn-Xnsb t]mjn- n- m Ch {][m-\-amwv. F n-epw, Ah-cpsS Xm ]-cy-ßfpw B{K-l-ßfpw B cmjv{s-øns ""cmjv{sob Xm ]cy''am m Ah p Ign-hn-. AhnsS ""km -c-cmb'' Nne \b-ßfpw Imcy-ßfpw Xocp-am-\n- p- p. A -cm-`ym-k-an- m-øh pw cmjv{sob km -cx D m-hmw. AXp an t mgpw {Kma-X-e-Øn HXp-ßpw. A -c-ß-fmwv apjyambpw B[p-\nI cmjv{s-hy-h-lm-c-øns ASn-ÿm\w F -Xn-\m A -c- m\w ]uc\p {][m-\-am-hp- p. A -c- m\w D m-b-xp-sim v cmjv{sob km cx D m-bn-s m- Ww F p-an-. cmjv{s-\n Ωn-Xn-bpsS Cu ] m-øew ]cn-k- Wn pthww hnhc hnxcw taj-e-bn ASn-b- -cm-hÿ- m-eøv hcp-ønb XS- -߃ F p-sim- mwv {][m-\-am-hp- Xv F p hne-bn-cp-øm. ASn-b- cm-hÿ- m-eøv hnh-c-߃ \ I-p- -Xn \n v am[y-a-

19 (19) ßsf \ni-_vz-am n F -Xm-Wt m {][m-\-ambpw Db Øn- m- p- -Xv. Cu am[y-a-߃ apjy-ambpw A Sn am[y-a-߃ Bbn-cp- p. (td-untbm k m DS-a-ÿ-Xbn BWv. AXv Aßs\ \ne-\n tø- Xv ""A m-esø cmjv{s'' \n Ωn-Xn v A\n-hm-cy-ambn-cp- p.) ASn-ÿm\ A -c- m\w Cu hyh-lm-c- Øn\p \n _- -am-wv. AXp-sIm v s]mxp am[y-a߃hgn hnh-c-߃ {Kln- n-cp- Xv \yq\-] w am{xam-bn-cp- p-sh p A -cm-`ym-k-ap- -h-sc- p-dn- p A m-esø IW- p-iƒ ]cn-tim-[n- m a\- n-emhpw. an -hmdpw t] A -c- m\w C m-ø-h-tcm, \ma-am-{x-ambn am{xw A -c- m\w D m-bn-cp- htcm Bbn-cp p F p ImWmw. cmjv{s-hy-h-lm-c- Øn ]s -Sp- m-\p hyh-lmc `mj-bp-ambn C ybnse alm-`q-cn-] w ""]uc- m pw'' _ -ap- m-bncp- n-. cmjv{s-øn ]uc shdpw hy n am{x-a-, cmjv{s-hy-h-lm-c-ß-fn CSs]-Sp- -h IqSn-bm-Wv. cmjv{sob hyh-lm-c-øn-\-i-ømwv Bibhn\n-a-b߃ \S- p- -Xv. hyh-lm-c-ß-fpss LS\ AXn-\m {][m-\-am-wv. c mw -temialm-bp- -Øn-\p-tijw cq]- s cmjv{s-cq]w Adp-]-Xp-I-fn am -߃ v hnt[-bam-hp- p- v. AXn Øn-bpsS t]cn Adp]Xp-I-fpsS BZy-Øn ssn\-bp-ambn \S bp w, Adp-]-Xp-IfpsS Xs a[y-øn AtX t]cn ]m n-ÿm-\pambn \S-Ønb bp w, Fgp-]-Xp-I-fpsS XpS- -Øn ]m n-ÿm-\n \n p Ing- _wkm-fns\ th s - SpØn _w m-tziv cq]o-i-c-w-øn Iem-in bp w F nh. ]s, \m ]-Xp-I-fp-sSbpw Aº-Xp-IfpsSbpw cmjv{s k -Øn \n p-sim- p- -Xm-bn-cp- p. AXn Øn t]mse-øs {][m-\-amwv A mesø cmjv{s-\n Ωm-W-Øn kzbw ]cym-]vx-x. ` - W-amWv AXn {][m-\w. ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn Ipd hnebv v ` Ww e`y-am- msx hyh-kmb hf tbm hni-k-\tam km[y-a-. AXp-sIm- mhww A m-eøv ""Pbv Phm, Pbv Inkm '' ap{zmhmiyw cmjv{s GtIm-]\w F cq]-øn D m-b-xv. Hmtcm ImeØv D m- -s -Sp Nn -߃, ap{z-mhm- Iy-߃ F nh A m-esø hyh-lm-c-ß-fpss cmjv{so-bsø {]Xn-^-en- n- p- -Xm-Wv. Ah Nne {]txyi cmjv{sob Bi-b-ßsf {]Xn-^-en- n- p-ibpw {]N-cn- n- p-ibpw snøp- p. A -c- m\w t]mepw C mø kaq-l-øn Ah-bpsS kzm[o\w hfsc hep-xm-wv. P\m-[n-]-Xy-cm-jv{S-Øn hn`h kam-l-c-whpw hnx-c-whpw k o W {]{In-b-bm-Wv. cmjv{s\n N\- tøm-ssm w AXpw {][m-\-am-wv. ""B cmjv{s-øn '' tziob apx-em-fn-øsø \n Ωn-t Xv hn`h kam-

20 (20) l-c-w-øn {][m-\-amwv F nepw, AXv hnx-c- WsØ Kpcp-X-c-am-b-hn[w tnmzyw snøm XpS-ßnbm ]cn-lcnt Xv cmjv{sob Xocp-am-\-Øns ASn-ÿm-\-Øn th n hcpw. AhnsS _e-]co- -W߃ kzm`m-hn-iw. hyh-km-b-߃, hmwnpy ÿm]-\- ߃, _m p-iƒ XpSßn [\-Imcy ÿm]-\-߃ F nh Iøm-fn-bn-cp ""tziob apx-emfn''bpss Xm ]-cy-ßfpw ""B cmjv{s-øns '' Xm ]-cy-ßfpw hncp Zni-I-fn-te v \oßn. c v bp -ß-fp-sSbpw Xf -bpw, bp m-h-ÿ-bpss \ngepw hn`h kam-l-c- W- -hn-x-cw {]Xn-k- n-ifpw \ne-\n- n-cp cmpyamwv Cµn-cm-Km- n v `c-w-øn-\mbn e`n- -Xv. ""s\{lp-hn-b '' cmjv{s-øns\ AXns {]Xn-Iqe cmjv{so-bm-h-ÿ-bn I p-\-s- pi I\Ø sh p-hnfn Xs -bm-w-t m. `c-w-l-s-\-bpss N - q-sn-\- p-dtø v hym]n Xm ]-cy-߃ t\sn-sb-sp- m {iaw \S-Øp Ch-cpsS ssihiw k mcns\ ap p-ip-øn- m Ignbpwhn[-Øn \nb-{ n- m-hp hn`-h-߃ (_m- p-iƒ, [\-Im-cy-ÿm-]-\-߃, hyh-km-b-im-e- Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh) D m-bn-cp- p. Ah-cpsS kω ±ßƒ v ISn- mwnsm s\{lp-hn-b cmjv{s coxnbn _m v tzi-km -c-w-a-s w \S-]-Sn-Iƒ th nh p. hntzi aqe-[\w (A v sf.-fw.-f^pw temi _m pw Bbn-cp p \nt ]w \S-Øn-bn-cp- -h ) tijcn v Xß-fpsS hf bv v hgn-sbm-cp- Ww F kω ±-Øn\v Ah hnt[-b-am-bn-. A[nImcw \ne- \n Øm Ah Is -Ønb coxn-iƒ A ]-Xp-Ifnse cmjv{s-k- -Øn\v A\pkr-X-am-bn-cp- p. AXns\ txm n-t - Xv tziob apx-em-fn-ø- Øns hf -bpss BhiyIX-bm-bn. tim {Kkv ]m n-bn CXn-\Iw Xs ""cmjv{s k -{[p-ho-icww'' kw`hn n-cp- p. Cµn-cm-Km n tim {K-kns ]cm-p-bsø XpS v s\{lp-hn-b cmjv{sw Aßs\ Ipd p Ime-tØ v Ah-[n-bn {]th-in p. temi apx-em-fn-ø-øns \n_- -\-I-fpsS Xe- Øn-te v tziob apx-em-fn-ø-øns \o pt]m piƒ km[y-am-bn-. B ]mfn- -Iƒ tziob apxem-fn-ø-øn\v Xncn- -Sn-bm-bn. s\{lp-hn-b cmjv{s-ønte v Xncn pt]m n-\p A\p-a-Xn-bmbn Cµn-cm- Km n ho pw A[n-Im-c-Øn-se-Øn. C y-bpss FXn cmjv{s \n Ωn-Xn-bmbn hf Øn-sb-Sp- -s ]m n-ÿms A`y- c Iem-]Øn CS-s] v (i{xp cmpyw C msx kz w cmpyw D m-hp- n ). AXns\ c m n ]IpØv (i{xphns\ Zp -e-am n) Ah A ]-Xp-I-fnse cmjv{s-k- w ]p\x-ÿm]n p. \nehn A m-cmjv{s Xe-Øn hf p-sim- n-cn- p apx-em-fn-ø-hp-ambn \nc- c kwl j-øn-embn B cmjv{sw. kq va-x-e-øn Nne s]mcp-ø-s -S {ia߃ \S- p-sh- nepw AXv kvxqe Xe-Øn {]tbmk- {]-Z-am-bn-. P m klm-b-tømss amcp-xn- -kp-kq n Im (P\-ß-fpsS Im, G hpw hne Ipd Im F coxn-i-fn ) D m- m krvpbv Km n \S- Ønb {ia-߃ DZm-l-cWw am{xw. ]t, CsXm pw Cµn-cm-Km n k m-cns\ hnizm-k-øn-se-sp- m

21 (21) th ]n _-e-ambn temi-apxemfnø-øn\v txm nbn-. Cµn-cm-Km n A[n-Im-c-Øn XpS-cp- n-stømfw Imew apx-emfnø-øns kpc- nx hf _p n-ap- mwv F v Ah a\- n-em- n. AXv Aßs\Xs Bhm\mWv CS F kqn-\-iƒ s\{lp-hnb cmjv{s-øn-te- p Xncn- p-t]m- ns AS-bm-f߃ hgn Cµncm-Km n \ In-s m- n-cp- p. cmjv{s \n ΩnXn ASn-b- -cm-h-ÿ-bn The great masses of people... will more easily fall victims to a big lie than to a small one. - Adolf Hitler (A ]-Xp-I-fnse) s\{lp-hn-b cmjv{s k - Øn \n v hyxn-n-en- pi Cµn-cm-Km- nsb kw_ n v Ffp- -ap H m-bn-cp- n-. apx-em-fnø cmjv{s-øns {Zhkz`mhw A ]-Xp-I-fnse cmjv{s- Øns Jckz`m-h-Øn\v hncp- -am-wv. AØcw Hcp cmjv{ssø k n- p- -Xn-t\m, ssiimcyw snøp- -Xnt\m, Ah m-ip-am-bn-cpt m F Xpw kwi-b-am- Wv. Xnc-s -Sp- n P\m[n]Xyw F v hnfn- p-sa- nepw, ti{µo-irx A[n-Im-chpw {]h Ø-\hpw s\{lphn-b cmjv{s k -Øn A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. As - n A[n-Imcw \ne-\n Øm-\m-hn-. P\m-[n-]Xyw Xncs Sp n am{xw HXp- p coxn. Aß-s\-bmhWw Cµn-cm-Km n GIm-[n-]Xy {]h-wx ImWn p XpS-ßp- -Xv. A[n-Imcw \jvs-s -Sptam F `oxn IqSp-X GIm-[n-]Xy {]h-w-x-i-fn-te v hy nsb \bn- p- p. C y F BJym-\sØ Cµn-cm-Km- nbn-te v HXp- nb coxn (Cµn-c-bmWv C y) {i n- pi. \m Xp h j-øn-\p-ti-jhpw ASn-b- -cm-hÿsb hfsc sshim-cn-i-ambn BWv \Ωƒ hne-bn-cp- Øp- -Xv. hkvxp-\n-jvt-amb Hcp kao-]-\hpw hne-bn-cp- Øepw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. ASn-b- -cm-hÿ A\p-`-hn- h v sshim-cn-i-ambn am{xta AXns\ kao-]n- m Ignbq F -Xn sx v ]d-bm-\m-hn Pqsse 25 \v ASn-b- -cm-hÿ {]Jym-]n- p-tºmƒ Cµncm-Km- nsb A[n-Im-c-Øn \n v am n \n Øm-\p timsxn hn[n am{x-a Ahsc AXn\v t{]cn n n p- m-hp-i. Alw cmjv{sam-bn-øo (AXm-W-t m, ^mknkw F cmjv{sob Ah-ÿ-bn-te v \bn- p- Xv) Ah v AX- mø Hcp Xocp-am-\hpw FSp- m Ign-bp-am-bn-cp- n F -Xmhmw bmym yw. ASn-b- -cm-h-ÿ-bn Ccp-]Øn c v amkw am{xw \o B sndnb Ime-b-f-hn s\{lp-hnb cmjv{s-øns ]p\-c-h-x-cww hgn Hcp ]pxnb BJym\w D m nsbsp- m Cµn-cm-Km- n v Ign- n-. cmjv{s-øns ]p\-c-h-x-cww ""Cµn-c-bmWv C y, C y-bmwv Cµnc'' F ap{zm-hm-iy-øn-te v ]cn-an-x-s - Xv \ Inb ktµiw IqSp-X ^mknãv Bb Hcp tã n-s\- p-dn- m-wv. tã v am[y-a-amb BIm-i-hmWn HgnsI a v am[ya߃ H pw Cµn-cm-Km-

22 (22) n-bpss snm -Sn v D m-bn-cp- n-. `bw-aqew Gsd am[ya DS-a-Ifpw am[y-a-{]-h Ø-Icpw {]Xn-I-cn- n F -Xpw, AØcw {]Xn-I-c-W-ßsf XS p F Xpw KpW-amtWm tzmj-amtwm P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn\v D m- nbxv F Xv N m-hn-j-b-am-bn-øs XpS-cp- p. Imc- Ww, A Sn am[y-a-߃ hgn-bp hnhc hnx-cww AXns hmb-\- m-cn am{xta sns -Øq. C yt]mse k o Æ kmaqly cmjv{so-bm-hÿ \ne-hnep cmpyøv AXv ]cn-an-x-ambn am{xta {]tbm-p-\- s -Sq. t\cn- p A\p-`-h-ßfn IqSn-bp hnh-c߃, AXv ] m-ø-e-am nbp ti p-tiƒhn-iƒ F n-h-bmwv {][m-\-ambpw `qcn-] w P\-ßfpw hnizkn- -Xv. apjy ]{X-ß-fn ]expw ASn-b- -cm-h-ÿ- m-eøv k m A\p-Iqe \ne-]m-sn Bbn-cp p F v jm IΩo-j kqnn- n- p- p- v. a[y-h - Øns ssihiw hnh-c-߃ In n-b-xp-sim v P\m-[n- ]Xy kaq-l-øn am -߃ D m-i-w-sa- n-. P\m[n]Xyhyh-lm-c-Øn hnhcw In n-b-xp-sim v am{xw {]tbm-p-\-an-. hyh-lm-c-øn G s SpI ({]Xn-I-cn- pi) IqSn thww. cmjv{s hyh-lm-c-øn G s -Sm Ign-bp `mj ssihiw D -h F -XpsIm v a[y-h w Iøm-fp A[n-Imcw am{x-amwv \nb-{ n- -s - -Xv. B \nb{ Ww Ahsc `b-s -Sp- Øp-Ibpw snbvxp F v ASn-b- -cm-h-ÿ- m-esø \S-]-Sn-Iƒ shfn-s -Sp-Øp p. am[ya km{µo-irx ticf kaqlw ASn-b- -cm-hÿsb A\p-Iq-en v thm p snbvxxv Xs DZml-c- Ww. A\p-`-h-tI-{µo-IrX hnh-c-ß-sf- mƒ Hcp ]s tic-f-k-aqlw hniz-kn- n-cn- pi am[y-a-߃ \ Inb hnh-c-ß-sf-bm-hmw. kaq-l-øn amkv IΩyq-Wn-t j snep-øp kzm[o\w ]Tn- m ] nb Hcp DZml-cWw BWv CXv. a v kwÿm-\-ßsf At]- n v tic-f-ønse A cm`ym-k-\n-c v IqSp-X Bbn-cp- t m. ]{X hmb-\bpw IqSp-X. Cµn-cm-Km n ASn-b- -cm-hÿ {]Jym-]n- n F n F v kw`-hn- p-am-bn-cp p F v Ip Zo]v \- øm 2004 BKÃv Ccp-]-Øn-aq- n\v Hu vep v hmcn-ibn Fgp-Xnb tej-\-øn hni-z-am- p- p- v. P\m- [n-]-xy-øns Imh-ep-Iƒ F v hnti-jn- n- p am[y-a-߃, k m Poh-\- m, \oxn \ymb hyhÿ F nh F{X Zp -e-amwv F v Xncn- -dn-bn- m-bn-cp- p. At±lw XpS v tcj-s -Sp-Øp p: Cµncm-Km n cmpn v Hcp-ßn-bXmWv. Ah-cpsS hniz-kvx- \mb Im_n-\ v a{ n Ia-em-]Xn {Xn]m-Tnsb {][m-\- a{ n ÿm\-tø v \n t±-in- p-ibpw snbvxp. "Ah \nßsf ÿm\-øp-\n pw \o n-bn-cn- p p' F mwv cmpohvkm n ]d- -Xv. krvpbvkm n Kp Km-hn-ep amcpxn ^mivs-dn-bn Xncn-s Øpw hsc Xocp-am\w {]Jym-]n- p- Xv sshin- p. krvpbv Xocp-am\w am p- -Xn\v AΩsb \n _- n- p. \nc-h[n dmen-iƒ "kwl-sn- n v Cµn-cm-Km n A[n-Im-c-Øn XpS-tc- -Xns Bh-iy-IX t_m[y-s -Sp-Øn.' ASn-b- -cm-h-ÿ- m-eøv A[n-Imcw Iøm-fn-bn-cp- -Xn {]ap-j krvpbv Km n Bbn-cp- p-sh- v jm IΩo-

23 (23) j dnt m v Nq n m- p- p. C y kaq-l-øns `ocpxzw sxfn kw`-h-amwv ASn-b- -cm-h-ÿsb p Ip Zo]v \øm FgpXn. cmjv{s \n ΩnXn ASn-b- -cm-h-ÿbv v tijw As a medium, television s work is parallel to and interlinked with that of the economy. Both disseminate information to help circulate goods as well as to socialize members of society. Television is thus active in the material and symbolic reproduction of capitalist relations. - Aravind Rajagopal am[ya km{µo-irx kaq-l-øn Bbn-cp- n 1975 se ASn-b- -cm-h-ÿ. AXn-\m Øs A ]Xp- I-fnse cmjv{s k sø \ne-\n Øm A[n- Imcw D]-tbm-Kn- p-i-bpw, A`n-{]m-b-ßsf ASns mxp- p-i-bpw, `oxn hf Øp-IbpamWv snbvx-xv. ]gb BJym-\sØ _e-s -Sp-Ømt\m, \nehn Bh-iy-s - Sp BJym-\-hp-ambn s]mcp-ø-s -Smt\m Cµn-cm-Km- n pw B `cw kwhn[m\-øn\pw Ign-bmsXh Xv Fgp-]Øn Ggnse Xnc-s -Sp v ]cm-p-b- Øn Iem-in- p. ASn-b- -cm-h-ÿbv v tijw P\-߃ Xnc-s -SpØ k mcn\pw Gsd mew A[n-Im-c-Øn XpS-cm-\mbn ho pw A[n-Im-c-Øn-se-Ønb Ah v tzio-bx BJym\ k o Æ- XIsf AXn-Po-hn- m-\m-bn-. temiw GXm v A ]-Xp-I-fpsS ""cmjv{ssø'' ssihn- n-cp- p. B ""cmjv{søn\p'' _ew \ In-bn-cp tkmhn-b v tncn bn p C m-xm-bn-s m- n-cn- p Ah-ÿ-bn-em-bn- -gn- n-cp- p. am[ya cwkøpw IΩyq-Wnt -j taj-e-bnepw h h am- -߃ F ]-Xp-I-fn ""A ]-Xp-I-fnse cmjv{ssø'' GXm v apgp-h-\m-bn-øs Dcp- n-øo Øn-cp- p. Cµn-cm-Km- n-bpss sime-]m-x-i-øn\v tijw C y-bn D mb am -߃ AXn\v km y-amwv. B ASn-b- -cm-hÿ Akzm-`m-hn-Ihpw Akm-[m-c-Whpw AXn-\m Øs sr n- n- p- Xpw Bbncp- p. F m AtX Ahÿ XnI pw kzm`m-hn-i-amb H mbn ""P\m-[n-]Xy'' hyh-ÿbn Ign-bp P\-߃ v A\p-`-h-s - mtem? \Ωƒ A\p-`-hn- p- Xv AXmWv F v Xncn- -dnhv C msx h mtem? am[ya km{µo-ir-x-amb \ne-hnse P\m-[n-]- Xy-Øn \Ωƒ A\p-`-hn- p- Xv AØcw Hc-h-ÿ-bm- Wv. (I n-t`-z-at\y) Agn-aXn Hcp kmaq-ly-co-xn-bmbn P\-߃ kzmwio-i-cn- Xv \Ωƒ Adn-bp- -Xm-Wt m. CXv Fßs\ kw`-hn- p p F Xv "ssen-hn-j _m[nx' kaq-l-øns cmjv{sobw Xncn- -dn-bp- Xv hgntb Ignbq.... tej-is C -sabn : rajagopal99@rediffmail.com

24 (24)

25 (25) \oc XcwKw \ne-\n Øm B. tlen \o-c \ΩpsS kwÿm-\sø sxßp-irjn taj-e-i-fn H-cp B-th-i-am-bn ]-S-cp-I-bm-Wnt mƒ. A-dp-]-Xp sx-ßn-se \o-c hn- -t mƒ H-cp e- -Øn C-cp-]-Xn-\m-bn-cw cq-] \o-c I-º-\n-bn \n- p In- nb-xn kw-xr-]v-x-\m-b ^m-z tpm - pw, H-cp amkw 10 sx-ßp-iƒ sn-øn \o-c ti-j-cn- -Xn-\v cq-] {]-Xn-^-ew hm-ßn-b ss-iv-\o-jy {]-ho-wp-sam- pw ^n-en-ss -kv-im-c-, \-Ωp-sS sim- w Pn- -bnep- -h X-s. \m- n-se-ºm-spw \o-c ]m -e-dp-i-fpw, aq-ey h - n-x D-ev-]- \n -Ωm-W ti-{µ-ß-fpw H-s \mw tam-ln- p- co-xn-bn, i-cn-bm-b hn-[-øn {]- h -Øn- n- m I-gn- m B-bn-c- -W- n-\v tim- Sn cq-]-bp-ss h-cp-am-\-hpw e- - -W- n-\m-fp-iƒ- v sxm-gn-epw ti-c-f-øn-te- v H-gp-In-sb-Øm A-[n- Iw Im-e-Xm-a-kw h-cn-. ti-c-f-øn-epw `m-c-x-øn-epw "\o-c-bp-kw' ]n-d- v I-gn- n-cn- p- p. C\n CXns KpW-^-e-߃ Nnc-ÿm-bn-bmb coxn-bn-te v amdp- I-bmWv th -Xv. sxßp-ir-jn-bnse ]pxnb Xmtcm-Z-b-ambn \oc amdp-tºmƒ CXp kw-_- n- Im-cy-ß-fn k-a-{kam-b H-cp \-b-cq-]o-i-c-ww A-Xy- m-t]- n-x-am-wv. ti-c-f-øn X-s H-cm-bn-cw \o-c ]m -e-dp-iƒ th- Kw cq-]-sa-sp-tø- pw. \o-c A-[n-Iw h- m A-Xn \n- pw i - -c-bpw tx-\pw Pm-apw H-s D- m- p- hn-zy \m- n {]-N-cn- n- m hn-j-a-an-. A-t mƒ \oc P-\-e- -ß-fp-sS Po-hn-X `-{Z-X-bn- kzm-[o-\w sn-ep-øp- A-kw-kv-Ir-X hn-`-h-am-ip-i-bm-wv. \mw A-dn-bm-sX am- -߃ h-cp- p. C-Xn-s k -t -Iƒ, ]T-\-߃, km- y-x-iƒ, hn-]-wn, Xp-S-ßn Cu hyh-km-bw h-cp-tºmƒ In- m-hp- \n-ip-xn h - -\-hv C-h-sb- mw \mw {i- n- p- k-a-bw h-s -Øn-bn-cn- p- p. sx-ßp-ir-jn I-gn- 20 h -j-am-bn X-f - p In-S- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. \o-c h- -t m-gm-wv ti-c-t{]-aw h - n- n-cn- p- -Xv. sx-ßn ssx hn- -gn-bv- m c- p h - jw ap -t] {]-bm-k-s - n-cp- ÿ-e-øm-wv C-t mƒ C- {X-bpw ]p-xp-am-\y-x-bp- hn-`-h-am-bn A-Xv am-dn-bn-cn- p- -Xv. \m-fn-ti-c hn-e-bpw sh-fn-s -Æ hn-e-bpw \o-c \n-b- { n-bv- p- Zn-\w B-k- -am-sb- v H-cp hym-]m-cn ]-d- -Xv Rm Hm - p- p. A-t mƒ C-sX- mw ]-g-b-t]mse \-S- pw F- v hn-nm-cn- m ]m-sn-. \m-fn-ti-c hn-i-k-\w kw-ÿm-\-øv Ir-jn-h-Ip- ns {]-ap-j {]-h -Ø-\-am-bn amd-ww. Ir-jn `-h A-Snÿm-\-Øn ]- m-b-øp-i-fpw Ip-Spw-_-{io-bpw H-s H-Øp-tN - v ti-c ]-cn-n-c-w {i-a-߃ im-kv-{xo-b-am- - Ww. hn-i-k-\ {]-ÿm-\-am- -Ww. sx-ßn-s C-S-hn-f-Ir-jn, kωn-{i-ir-jn Xp-S-ßn-b kw-cw-`-߃- v ]- n-b k-a-bw k-am-k-x-am-ip-i-bm-wv. I- gn- h -j-ß-fn ]- - -dn cw-k-øv h ]p-tcm-k-xn am- {X-a- km - -{Xn-I-am-b Aw-Ko-Im-cw t\-sm I-gn- -Xpw am - -tc-j-bm-bn I-W- m- -Ww. ]- - -dn Ir-jn cw-k-øv D-Xv-]m-Z-\-tØm-sSm- w hn-]-w-\-hpw sa- -s -Sp-Øn-b-t mgm-wv Iq- m-bv-a-bn Ir-jn sn-øp- I -j-i - v h hn- P-bw D- m-b-xv. A-Xpw a-d- m ]m-sn- m-ø h-gn-im- nbmwv. dn.-a-{kn- ƒ Ub-d-IvS, t]ƒln, B n-ß ADVT

26 (26) aounb ss_ vkv am[y-a-tem-iøv AXn-th-K-X-bnemWv am -߃ kw`-hn- p- -Xv. C sø sndp Ne-\- ߃ \mfsø hnπ-h-ßfmbn- qss- n-. temi-am-[y-a-ß-fnse kw`-h-hn-im-k-ß-fnte v IÆ-b- p Hcp ]w n Cu e w apx... CuPn-]vXv ]{X-{]-h Ø-IcpsS XS-h-d-bm-Ip- p G hpw IqSp-X ]{X-{]-h Ø-I Pbn-en AS- -s cmpyw Ct mƒ CuPn]vXv BsW v A m-cmjv{s kwl-s-\-bmb "IΩn n Sp s{]m Iv v tpw-enãvkv' hy -am- n. temi-sø-ºm-sp-ap ]{X-{]-h Ø-

27 (27) Isc \nb-a-]-c-ambn kwc- n- m {]h Øn- p kwl-s-\-bmwv CXv. hnhn[ cmpyßfn F{X ]{X-{]- h Ø-I Pbn-en-ep v F Xv kw_- n v IW- p-iƒ kwl-s\ 1990 apx tijcn p-h-cn-i-bm-wv. ]{X-kzm-X{ yw kwc- n- pi am{x-a-, i ns -Sp-ØpI Xs snøp-sa v CuPn]vXv Kh sa v Bh Øn v \ Inb Dd- p-iƒ s]m -bm-sw v sxfn- n-cn- p- p- -kwls\ ]{X- p-dn- n Ip -s -Sp-Øn. `oi-c-hn-cp {]h Ø-\-ß-fpsS ad-hn F m-øcw FXn-c-`n-{]m-b-ß-sfbpw \ntcm-[n- p-i-bmwv CuPn]vXv `c-w-iqsw snøp- -sx v kn.-]n.-sp.-bpss t{]m{kmw tim Hm Un-t\- sjdn a kq ]d- p. \ntcm-[nx ap nw {_Z lpuv kwl-s-\-i-fp-ambn _ w Btcm-]n- mwv an -h-scbpw XS- -en-em- n-bn- p- -Xv. Ct mƒ Pbn-en-ep ]Xn-s\ v t]cn ]IpXnt v Poh- ]cy w XS-hp-in hn[n- n-cn- -bm-wv. XS-hn-em- -s - -h-cn `qcn-]- hpw Hm sse am[y-a-ß-fn {]h Øn- n-cp- -h-cmwv F Xpw {it -b-am-wv. c p-h j-am-bn pw tikv t]mepw Nm Pv snømsx \nc-h[n t]sc Pbn-en-e-S- -Xmbn {i -bn s] n- p- v. ]e {]tz-i-ß-fnepw dnt m am v {]h Øn- mt\ Ign-bp- n-. ]Xn-s\ v Adn-bs Sp ]{X-{]-h Ø-Isc kw_- n hnh-c-߃ kn.-]n.-sp. dneo-kn D v. CuPn-]vjy tpw-enãvkv kn Un-t v F A HutZym-KnI kwl-s-\-bmwv ]{X-{]-h Ø-I-cpsS Xmev]-cy-߃ kwc- n- m \ntbm-kn- -s - n- p- -Xv. ]t, \nc- cw s]cp-in-s m- n-cn- p B{I-a-W߃ pw Ad-Ãp-Iƒ pw X n-s m p t]mi-ep-iƒ pw `oj-wn-s -Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ pw FXnsc ^e-{]-z-ambn H pw snøm Ign-bmØ Ah-ÿ-bn-emWv ÿm]-\w. `oi-c C m-aniv A, tã p-a C m-aniv tã v Hm^v CdmJv B v kndnb F `oi-c-hmzn kwl-s-\sb C m-aniv tã v F v hm Ø- I-fn hnti-jn- n- p- Xv Ah-km-\n- n- m _n.-_n.kn v ta {_n o-jv A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ kω ±w snep-øp- p. ]m e-sa nepw C mcyw kw_- n v A`n-{]mbw cq]- s - p-h-cp- p- v. 125 Fw.-]n.-am _n_n-kn v Ab IØns\ "Umbnjv' F v hnfn- p-i-bmwv IqSp-X DNnXw F v A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp- p. {_n ojv {][m-\-a{ n tuhnuv Ima-dqWpw `oi-csc C m-aniv tã v F v hnfn- p- Xv A\p-Nn-X-amWv F v kω-xn- p-i-bp- m-bn. CØcw {]h-w-x-i-fpss Zqc-hym-]I {]XnIc-W߃ IqSn a\- n sh v thww {]tbm-k-߃ DNnX-am n am p-hm-s\ v hnz-kv cpw Icp-Xp- p. at[y-jy-bn Chsc sff-kv-sf-fkv F pt]mepw hnfn- p- n-. AhnsS s]mxpsh D]-tbm- Kn- p Umbnjv BWv DNnX {]tbm-kw. a\p-jy- Xz-c-ln-X-amb simspw-`o-i-c-x-bn B\µn- p Hcp kwl-øn\v ax-øn-s bpw tã n-s bpw t]cv simsp- p- Xv B ax-hn-izm-kn-iƒ v A]-am-\-Ic-amWv. B kwl-s\ C m-an pw A tã pw A - -Fw.-]n.-am Ab IØn A`n{]mbs - p. \yqkv Hm^v Zn thƒuv U]yq n FUn- Ip -hn-ap- -\mbn Zi-I-߃ n-s-bnse G hpw henb am[y-a-hnhm-z-øn Ip m-tcm-]n-x-\mb am[y-a-{]-h Ø-I Ip -hn-ap- -\m-bn. dp] v a tum- ns DS-a-ÿ-Xbn-ep \yqkv Hm^v Zn thƒuns U]yq n FUn Bbn-cp B Un timƒk BWv c -s]- -Xv. kviq p-iƒ Na-bv m th n t^m sk hdp-i-fn lm nßv \S-Øn-sb ti n-emwv B Un timƒk {]Xn tn -s - n-cp- -Xv. {_n s\bpw temisøøs bpw ]nsn p Ipep- nb hnhm-zsø XpS v a tum v ]{Xw AS- p-]q pibmwv snbvx-xv. lm nßv \S-Øm-\p KqVm-tem-N-\-bn ] m-fn-bmbn F -Xm-bn-cp p Btcm-]n- -s Ip w. timsxn hn[n ]d- -t mƒ B Un timƒk {]Xn- q- n s]m n- -c- p. Cu ti n hnnmcw snø-s -Sp Ah-km-\sØ tpw-enãv BWv B Un timƒk emwv

28 (28) \yqkv Hm^v Z thƒup-ambn _ -s hnhmzw s]m n- p-d-s - -Xv. \mev h j-ambn ti v \S- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. cmpysø {]ap-j-cmb \nc-h[n t]sc-ip-dn v hm Ø Fgp- Xp- -Xn\v th n-bmwv t^m tnm Ø \S- -Xv. F v ]{X-{]-h Ø-I CXn-\Iw in n- -s - p-i-gn- p. a tum- ns\ {_n ojv ]m esa v hnfn- p-h-cpøn tnmzyw snøp-i-bp- m-bn. hmƒ kv{so v tpw C ym FUn-j ]q p p temi-{]-i-kvx-amb hmƒ kv{so v tpw Ah-cpsS C y-bnse {]h Ø-\-߃ ]cn-an-x-s -Sp-Øm Xocp-am- \n- -Xmbn dnt m v. CXns `mk-ambn C y FUnj \n Ø-em- p-sa v aounb sh_vssk v Bb aounb-\ma shfn-s -Sp-Øp- p. Ah-cpsS ssk v amxr-ssk ns `mk-am- pw. C y dnb sssw F tªmkv ]g-b-xp-t]mse XpS-cpw. _wkvfq-cnse dnt m nßv _yqtdmhns {]h Ø-\hpw \n Øpw. {]kn- o-i-c-w-øns UnPn- B v \yqkv FUn- A\n _ tdmbn hm Ø ÿnco-i-cn- -Xmbn aoun-b-\ma Adn-bn- p. Pq ap- -txmss Xm tpmen \n Øn-b-Xmbpw At±lw ]d- p. ]pxnb \o -߃ v Imc-W-sam pw shfn-hm-bn- n-. ]o Hmt_m ]{Xm-[n-]-Xy-Øn-te v ho pw subven sse-{km^v No^v s]mfn- n- Ia-t - ÿm\øv \n p ]o Hmt_m-Wns cmpn cmpy-øn- \-IØpw ]pdøpw N m-hn-j-b-am-bn-cp- p. \mev amk- Øn\v tijw At±lw subven sabn-en-te v as-ßn. ]c-ky- m-cpss kzm[o-\w-aqew subven sse- {Km^v ]e hm Ø-Ifpw Xa-kvI-cn- p-itbm A{][m\- am- p-itbm snøp- -Xn {]Xn-tj-[n- mwv At±lw cmpn-sh- -Xv. {][m-\-ambn F v.-f-kv.-_n.-kn. _m ns hnhm-z-amb Nne CS-]m-Sp-IsfIpdn p hm Ø-bmWv simsp- m-xn-cn- m kω ±-߃ D m-b-xv. CXv temisa-ßp-ap am[y-a-]w- n-i-fn N snø-s - n-cp- p. ]o Hmt_m-Wns cmpn hnhm-z-am-b-xns\ XpS v ]{X-Ønse am - nßv hn`m-khpw FUnt mdnbepw XΩn-ep _ w kw_- n v amt\-pvsa v ]pxnb N w \S- m- n-bn-cp- p. subven sse-{km-^n tncp- -Xn\v th n cmpn-sh v subven sabvente- mwv ]o Hmt_m Ct mƒ Xncn p-t]m-ip- -Xv. Z nw e ]{X-ß-fn ]Wn-ap-S v ]m m-xy-tem-iøpw ]Wn-ap-S- p-iƒ A{X km[mc-w-a C m-e-øv. ]{X-ÿm-]-\-ß-fnse Imcyw ]d-bm- \p-an-. ]{X-߃Xs A{]-Xy- -am-bn-s m- n-cn- ptºmƒ Ah-Im-i-߃ t\sm kacw snøp- -Xn-s\-Ipdn v Nn n- pi Xs {]bm-kw. F n pw Hcp ]{X-ÿm- ]-\-Øn ]Øv Znhkw ]Wnap-S v \S- p. \yqkv IzÃv F ÿm]-\-ønse ]{X-{]- h Ø-I ]{ v Znhkw ]Wn-ap-S- n-b-tijw tpmen v Ib-dn. Xß-fpsS ""k - \ v'' sim mwv Xncn- p-h-cp- -sx v bqwn-b t\ XrXzw Ah-Im-i-s -Sp-Ibpw snbvxp. {_n -\nse i -amb \mj-w bqwn-b Hm^v tpw-enãvkv BWv kacw kwl-sn- n- -Xv. iºfw, Ãm^v FÆw, tkh\ kuicy-߃ XpS-ßn-bh sh n- pd- -XmWv X -hn-j-bw. Ch kw_- n v C\nbpw N \S-Øp-sa v t\xm- ƒ Adnbn- p. Z nw e -\nse {]km-[i ÿm]-\-amwv \yqkvizãv. ]Xn-s\m v {]mtz-ini ]{X-߃ Ah {]kn- o-i-cn- p- p- v. kac-øn-\n-s-bn {]kn o-i-cww aps-ßn-bn-cp- n-. F m ]e ]Xnhp ]w n-ifpw aps-ßn-bxv hmb-\- msc Akw- Xr-]vX-cm- n-bn-cp- p. ]{X-{]-h Ø-I-cpsS Bh-iy-߃ AwKo-I-cn- W-sa v kuøv e _tdm {]mtz-ini `c-wm-[n-im-cn-iƒ Bh-iy-s - n-cp- p. Pq 30 \mwv {]kn- o-i-cww km[m-cw \ne-bn-te v as-ßn-b-xv. F. ]n. B... ap-xn am[y-a-{]-h Ø-I\pw timf-anãpw ticf aounb A m-z-an-bpss ap snb am-\p-amwv tej-i. tej-is C -sabn : npindran@gmail.com

29 (29) {^w h Ωm-Pn, hnøv eu aoun-bm-bpss ASn-b- -cm-hÿ Bbn-c-Øn-sØm- m-bn-cøn Fgp-]-Øn-bmdv Pq Ccp-]-Øn-bm-dn- \mwv Cµn-cm-Km n k m C- ybn ASn-b- -cm-hÿ {]Jym-]n- -Xv. Pb-{]-Imiv \mcm-b-w\pw samdm Pn tzim-bnbpw AXp _nlmcn _mpvt]- bnbpw apx A\-h[n tzio-b-t\-xm- -fn XpSßn ] m-bøp Xe- Øn hsc cmjv{so-b-ambn k m-cnt\msv FXn p- m-bn-cp H -\-h[n t] Pbn-en-em-bn. A`n-{]m-b-kzm-X{ y- Øn-\p-th n tlmc-tlmcw {]kw-kn- mdpw Fgp-Xmdpw D m-bn-cp Fs ]e _p n-po-hn-kplrøp fpw au\- Øn-em-bn. Ccp-]-Xp-amkw Ign v ASnb- -cm-hÿ ]n h-en- -t mƒ an hcpw hmnm-e-cmbn ]pd-øp-h- p. A - w-l j-øns ISpØ kω ±-Øn-em-bn-cp- -Xn-\m am\kniambn H -s v [ym\-ønepw GIm- -Nn- -I-fn-ep-am-bn-cp p F v `wkn-bmb `mj-bn bmsxmcp Dfp- pan- msx an -hcpw Fgp-Xn. Ct mƒ ASn-b- -cm-hÿm {]Jym-]-\-Øns \m Xmw hm jn-i-zn-\-øn H -\- h[n kwl-s-\-iƒ B Icn-Zn-\-Øns Hm Ω-Iƒ {]txyiw {]txy-i-ambn Ah-c-h-cpsS ImgvN- m-sn-eqss XßfmWv icn pw A m-eøv bmx\ A\p-`-hn- -h F v IrXy-ambn si.-f. taml-\-h Ω am[y-a-߃ \ Ip- Xp Xs -bmtwm P\-߃ p th Xv? hmb-\- m-cp-ss, t{] -Is ] Øp \n v \ΩpsS ssz\w-zn\ am[y-a-tem-i-øneqss IS- p-t]m-ip-i-bmwv Cu ]w n-bn-eqss tej-i.

30 (30) shcnss^ snøm ] mø IY-I-fn-eqsS \sω Chcn ]ecpw hniz-kn- n- p. Rm ]gb IY-Iƒ txsn. ASn-b- -cm-h-ÿ- m-esø {]kv sk k jn- n-t\m-sm-bn-cp p Gh pw FXn-cv. A v ]{X߃ v k m hi D]-tZiw e`n- p. A]-I-S-I-c-amb hm Ø-Iƒ apf-bnte Xs \p n- -f-bm ]{X-߃ kzbw Xbm-dm-I-Ww. kwib-ap- -t mƒ AXv ]cn-l-cn- m-\mbn k m \nb-an {]kv AssUz-k-dpsS klmbw txsmw. A -cm-`ym-k-an- m-ø-xp-sim pw teiw hmbn- m ]Tn-s - nepw ]{Xw hm-bn- pi F- Xv Hcp Bh-iy-ambn Icp-Xm-Ø-h-cm-b-Xn-\mepw C y-bnse _lp-`q-cn-] w P\-Øn\pw Cu {]kv sk k jn v Hcp kzmx-{ y-øn-ep ssii-s-ø-embn txm n-bn-. Ah v ASn-b- -cm-hÿ Fs m- p-s v a\- n- em-bxv krvpbv Km n I i-\-ambn {Kma-ß-fmb {Kma-ß-fn-se mw IpSpw-_m-kq-{XW ]cn-]m-sn-bnse h o-i-cww \S- m- m Xp\n- -t m-gm-wv. an hmdpw F m-hcpw ]{Xw hmbn- p GI kwÿm\w tic-f-am-wv. ChnsS F m-sw- -dn- p-iq-sm, ASnb cmhÿbpss {]Xo-I-ambn \sω ImWn px Xv A sø apjy-a{ n A p-x-tat\ms\b, B`y- -c-a{ n Icp-Wm-I-c-s\-bm-Wv. cmp tikv F Hcp sshim-cni {]m[m\yw e`n hm Ø-bm-bn-cp p tic-f-ønse ASn-b- -cm-h-ÿbpss knw_. ^ew ]{Xw hm-bn- mø CX-c-kwÿm-\-ß-fnse {Kmao-W Ccp-]-Xp-am-ksØ ASn-b- cm-h-ÿ-bpss IW-s -Sp p \S ASpØ sxc-s - Sp- n Cµn-cm-Km- n-sbbpw Iq -scbpw \ncm-i-cn- t mƒ ]{Xw hmbn- p ticfw Ahsc ho pw A[n- Im-c-Øn-te v hcm thm p snbvxp Wn- p. C v ]Øn-cp-]-Ø p sim -ambn C y am[yacwkøp h psim n-cn- p am -߃ A cm`ym-k-an- mø-h-s\-t mepw hm Ø-I-fpsS D]- t`m- m-hmbn am n-bn-cn- p p F XmWv. A Sn am[y-a-øns i n Ipd p hcn-i-bmwv. kzim-cy-ta- Je Zriy {imhy cwkøv tdun-tbm-bnepw ssen-hn-j- \nepw A[n-Imcw ÿm]n- p- p. Hcf-hn AXn \n v hyxy-kvx-ambn Ign A mdph jambn C s\ v \ Ip Hcp hm Øm Ifn- fw cq]- s p h-cp- p. C v aoun-bm-bpss hym]v-xnbpw hf bpw sshhn- yhpw B pw \nb-{ n- m ] møhn[w hn]p-e-am-wv se Cµn-cm-Km- n-bpss sk k jn v \nb-a-߃ C v teiw \ho-i-cn v sim ph m t mepw Ahbv v ^e-{]m]vxn D m- In F -Xn\v Hcp kwi-b-hpan. Bbp-[-i- nbpw ssivt\m-f-pnbpw ax-øntem XXz-im-kv{X-Øntem D ISpØ hnizm-khpw F mehpw cmjv{sob t\xr-xz-ß-fn Hcp Xcw GIm-[n- ]Xy {`m v krjvsn- m-dp-ap- v. B {`m v Ipsd- mew ]e-t mgpw cmpy-øns `uxn-i-amb ]ptcm-kxn hcp- Øm-dp-ap- v. ln vedpw Ãmen\pw apx K±m^n hsc ASpØ ImesØ DZm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv. AXn C v Ah-ti-jn- p- -h-cn {]ap-j-\mwv DØ-c-sIm-dn-bbpsS Inw tbmwkv. {]kv aounbm sk k jn v C v I i\ambn \S- n-en-cn- p cmjv{sw. Inw tbmwkn-s\- p-dn- p Hcp ck-i-c-amb IY. kn\n-am- -Y-bm-Wv. AXn\m AXv A -kxy ^nivj\mwv Ah-km\w {]Z i-\-øn\p Xbm-

31 (31) dmb Zn C hyq F tlmfnhpuv kn\n-a. Inw tbmwkv Ata-cn- ssen-hn-j- \nse temi-am-k-iew P\-{]oXn t\snb kvss em v Sp ss\ v F tnmtzym- Øc t{]m{km-ans Bcm-[-I-\m-Wv. hnhn[ taj-e-i-fnse AXyp- -X-cp-ambn \S-Øp Cu A`n-ap-J-]-cn-]m-Sn-bn Ah-cpsS kzimcy Pohn-Xhpw Xam-i-Ifpw tkmkn- p- Ifpw Im pw. Cu tsm v tjmbpss Bbn-cmaXv F n-tkmuv XnI-bp- -Xns BtLm-j- Øn-\n-S-bn Inw tbmwkns\ Cu t{]m{kman sim phcm s{]muyq-k πm\n-sp- p. ]e hnzy-ifpw D]-tbm-Kn v Inw tbmwkns\ he-bn hogvøp- p. kvss em v BXntY-b {]K- -\mb tuhn-un\pw Iymadmam\pw kntbm-fn sn v tjm sd m UpsNøm A\p-aXn e`n- p- p. Hcp ssehv tjmbv v DØc simdn-b ssen-hnj-\n-e- msx as m- nepw Hcn- epw {]Xy- -s -SmØ, hntz-i-]{x {]h Ø-I-cp-ambn Hcn- epw _ -s -Sm kωxw \ Im-Øbm-fmWv Inw tbmwkv. At±-l-hp-ambn t\cn v Ipsdt\cw CS-s]-Sm c p Ata-cn- aounb {]h Ø-I- p In p AXy-]q h-k-µ `w ]mgm- msx Inw tbmkns\ h[n- m-\mbn Ata-cn- clkym-t\z-jw GP kn F^v.-_n.sF. Xo -s -Sp-Øp- p. tuhn-un-s\bpw Iq p-im-c-s\bpw I pw I mhpw s]æpw simspøv hi-øm n Cu ZuXyw G n- p- p. Inw tbmwkns\ Hcp Xh-Wtb Ch v sxmsm Ah-kcw e`n- q. BZysØ tj v lm Uv. B kabw t\cnb ssib-a Ø-en-\nsS ssi -Ønbn H n πmã-dn-eqss amc-i-hnjw ]I-cp-I-bmWv ] -Xn. IY ]n osv Ak spbnwkv t_m v tlmfnhpuv ssãen Inw tbmwkns ac-w-ønepw GIm-[n- ]-Xy-Øns ]X-\-Ønepw Ah-km-\n- p- p. Cu kn\nam Fhn-sS-sb- nepw {]Z in- n- m DØc simdn-b k m bp-f-kvf.-bp-ambn bp w {]Jym-]n- p-sa p hsc `ojwn D m-bn. kn\nam FUn p snbvxv DØ-c-sIm-dn-b k mcns FXncp Ipd-bv m {ian-s - nepw Imcyw \S- n-. CXn-\n- Sbv v kn\n-am-\n Ωm-W-Øns t]c v Iº-\n-bmb tkmwn-]n-ivtngvkv F ss-bn vsa ns Iºyq- knãw kam-[m-\-øns c -I F v kzbw {]Jym- ]n v Adn-b-s -Sp Iºyq- lm nwkv tkh\ {Kq v lm v snbvxv tkmwn-bpss cl-ky-߃ Iptd-s»- bmbn ]pd-øp-hn v Ahsc {]Xn-tcm-[-Øn-em n Zn C hyq F Cu kn\nam Xo{h-hmZw t{]m m-ln- n pw F v F m-hcpw AwKo-I-cn- m-hp ImcWw ]d v kn\nam {]Z in n m ]msn F v Cu {Kq v I i-\-ambn hm WnwKv \ In. tkmwn Iº\n dneokv t]cn\v Nne Xntb- -dp-i-fn am{xw \SØn ]pxnb Hcp ]cn-]msn {]mtbm-kn-i-am- n. kn\na Hm sse hms-i-hn \ ssien-bn am{xw UbdIvSv am - nwkv snbvxp. kn\na ImtW- -h I p. UnPn- dneokv cwkøv Cu kn\na Ign A mdp amk-øn-\iw sd m Uv IfIvj t\sn. Inw tbmwkv Cu IYbv v Hcp KpW-]mTap v. GXp auen-im-h-imiw ÿm]n p In m\pw ssivt\m-f-pntb C\n c -bp- q. ]s aoun-b-bpss C v kw`-hn- p-sim- n-cn- p sshhn- yamb cq]-am w ImcWw C\n a\pjymh-im-iw, Zmcn-{Zyw, kmaq-ly-\oxn, H -s - Xpw ]m iz-h-xv -cn- -s - -Xp-amb Dƒ\m-S {Kma-߃, h -߃ XpS-ßnb C phsc s]mxpsh aounb {^ ven Bbn- n- m-xn-cp hnj-b-߃ p IqSp-X CSw e`n- m-\n-s-bp v F v \mw {]Xo- n- n-cp- p. ]s Cu {]Xo Aÿm-\-Ømbn. C v Cu aounb ssiimcyw snøp hm Ø-Ifpw Hcp I kyq-a DXv]- -ambn A\p-Zn\w amdn-s m- n-cn- p ImgvN-bmWv \mw ImWp- -Xv. GXp hm ØbmWv IqSp-X hn -s -Sp- Xv F -Xn-\mWv {]m[m\yw. k m-cn\v hcpw ImeØv ]g-b-xp-t]mse Hcp hm Ø sk k jn v Akm- y-am-bn-cn- mw. ]s cmjv{so-bhpw _nkn-\ pw H m-bn-s m- n-cn- p C sø BtKm-f-{]-h-W-Xbv v XSbnSm B pw Ign-bp- n-. kzm`m-hn-i-ambpw F mwv hm Ø F - Xn-s\- p-dn v ]pxnb ImgvN- m-sp-iƒ D m-ip-i-bm-wv. AXv Hcp AZr-iyamb sk k jn v hcp-øp ASnb- -cmhÿ-bn-te v aoun-bmsb FØn psim n-cn- p-i-bp-am-wv. CXn-s\-Xnsc Hcp kacw km[y-amtwm? F n AXv FhnsS Bcw-`n pw? Bcv XpSßpw?... t\mh-enãpw ho Ww ap No^v FUn- -dp-amwv tej-i. tej-is C sabn : klmv@rediffmail.com

32 (32) Public Service Advertisin g BOYS DON T CRY GENDER-STEREOTYPING IN REVERSE? Shoma A. Chatterji Vogue India is currently running a public service campaign on satellite channels protesting against domestic violence. The well-written, tightlyknit script is built up of collages that show boys of different ages from toddlers to adult young sportsmen being urged not to cry. The climax shows a quiet, grave-faced, handsome young man pulling at something you cannot see. The camera tracks behind and one gets a glimpse into the man twisting the arm of his wife whose face is already badly bruised through battering. When the film ends, Madhuri Dixit appears in the frame and says, it would be better if boys were taught boys do not cry because girls never make them cry, which finds no connect with the subject of domestic violence at all. But that is not the point of this article. The point is forcing the male child into a kind of role-playing that goes against the natural expression of any growing human male or female. If crying is a free expression of a range of emotions, why must crying be taboo for the male and okay for the female? In this ad, one small scene shows a little boy crying because his mother is going away while his worried grandparents try to console him by pointing out that he is a boy and boys don t cry. A fat father drags his wailing little boy to the swimming pool trying to force him into the waters and a voice-over says, boys don t cry. A little boy is asked, Why are you crying? Are you a girl? and the crying boy not understanding what the question is all about, nods his head to suggest yes. A grown up boy cries over what appears to be a broken affair and his friend asks him not to be a Devdas. After a match, a player hugs his coach and cries pitifully only to be told he is a boy and so he should not cry. The repeated emphasis on boys being asked not to cry because they are boys, per se and for no other reason is gender stereotyping in reverse where society conditions the male of the species from babyhood not to cry even to express the saddest of emotions such as the loss of a parent or failure at an examination. Not crying is equated to not being masculine because crying is linked to the feminine, God knows for what reason and therefore, for males, crying means they are not really men. Crying is as natural and spontaneous an emotional expression as laughing is. If boys can laugh like girls can, why must they be stopped from crying if and when they feel like giving vent to the emotions freely? Equating crying with lack of masculinity is an absurd premise that needs to be discarded forever.

33 (33) Crying is not a symbol of weakness but only an emotional action or reaction. Men are expected to be strong and so in order to show off their strength they are expected not to cry. The taboo against men letting go of their emotions enough to cry in front of others began from the time when men were forced to go to war and face the death of friends or their own injuries. It was felt that if men gave in to their fear of death or disability, they might be killed at war simply because they were considered to be cowards. Even at the end of World War I it was believed that if a man reacted in a way that was counter to courage on the battlefield, he was considered to be expendable and was killed for his cowardice of which crying was one expression he gave free rein to. This belief as become so deeply ingrained in the minds of boys and men is that they refuse to let others witness their tears and often cry in the privacy of the restroom or inside a locked bedroom. He feels embarrassed to shed tears even at a funeral service and this bears heavily on his mind. Keeping feelings of genuine grief pent up and not letting go of the tears freely can have a far-reaching impact on the minds of men. In an article in The Independent ( November 13, 2008), Roger Dobson states that a study at Tilburg University in The Netherlands pointed out that both men and women would give more emotional support to someone who was crying, although they judged less positively someone who wept. Another study showed men were liked best when they cried and women when they did not. Overall, results support the theory that crying is an attachment behaviour designed to elicit help from others, say the Dutch researchers. At the University of South Florida, researchers found that almost everyone feels better after a cry and that personality has a big effect on how often we cry. The study goes on to point out that crying makes 88.8% of people feel better. The reverse stereotyping of gender that insists boys should not cry does not take cognizance of the fact that bottling up emotions does not allow the emotions to go away. crying helps clear out all that pent-up crap inside your head by releasing hormones and boosting neurotransmitters that decrease your stress levels, make your pain hurt less and improve your mood. What does this have to do whether this happens with a man or a woman, a girl or a boy? A 2011 study of 150 college football players revealed that the happiest athletes were those who felt comfortable openly expressing their sad emotions. Dr. Judith Orloff, a psychiatrist at UCLA explains, The new enlightened paradigm of what constitutes a powerful man is someone who has the strength and self-awareness to cry.. Most researchers and theorists agree that inhibiting sad, hurt, or fearful feelings is a health

34 (34) liability for boys and men. Coming back to the Boys Don t Cry campaign, one is constrained to raise questions on how a boy who cries grows up to be a wife-abuser if that is what the commercial is suggesting. There is no visible or invisible connect between a boy who cries growing up to be a wife-basher or a violent person. A boy who grows up without any censorship on shedding tears is more likely to empathise with his mother/sister/ wife/daughter and their pains than a boy who is grilled into believing that crying is unmanl and feminine. Until recently, Roger Dobson writes that crying was associated with sensitive, weak men, while now it is linked to strong, powerful men. One theory is that a driving force behind the change has been powerful and emotional events such as 9/11. Norms for men and crying are changing. Certain types of expressions that were proscribed for men are now becoming more acceptable. Professor Stephanie Shields of Pennsylvania State University says, certain types of tears are no longer associated with powerlessness, and thus no longer conflict with assertions of masculinity, In an episode that discussed gender-stereotyping in human behaviour on Satyameva Jayate, Amir Khan unabashedly confessed that he had this tendency to cry at the drop of a hat! Did that make a dent on his popularity as a star with a social agenda or on his masculinity? While women cry more than men, tearful males are becoming increasingly acceptable in society. So boys, please go ahead and cry and don t feel embarrassed or shy or ashamed or guilty of crying it only proves that you are not a robot or an animal but a normal human being!... The writer is a freelance journalist, author and film scholar based in Kolkata. She has authored 17 books and contributed to many compilations on cinema, family and gender. shoma.chatterji@gmail.com

35 \yqkv s\ v (35) hna kv aounb ^ut -j C. ]n jmpp-±o BtKm-f-am-[ya cwksø ]pxnb {]h-w-x-ifpw hm Ø-Ifpw a\- n- em- m-\p-x-ip ani aounb sh_vssk- p-isf ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øp-IbmWv Cu ]w n. am[y-a-cw-k-øp-{]- h Øn- p- h pw am[y-a-hn- Zym n-iƒ pw Hcp-t]mse {]tbmp-\-{]-z-am-bncn pw Cu ssk p- I-fn \n v e`n- p hnh-c-߃ temi-sa-ºmspw am[ya {]h Ø- \-cw-køv h\n-x-i-fpss km n[yw Dd- m- pi F e y-tømss {]h Øn- p kwl-s-\-bmb C \m-j-w hna kv aounb ^ut -js sh_vssk- mwv / ]pcp-j- m-cp-ts-xn\p Xpey-amb kzcw Db s - nte am[y-acwkw ]q W-ambpw kzx-{ -amiq F Bibw apt m p hbv p Cu kwl-s\ 25 h j-ambn kpo-h-am- Wv. h\nxm am[y-a-{]-h Ø-I v ]cnio-e-\w, Ah-k-c-߃ D m- n- sim- Sp-, hnhn[ Xcw `ojwn t\cn-sp- -h p ]n p-wbpw kwc- -Whpw \ I XpS-ßn-b-h-bmWv kwl-s-\- bpss {]h Ø-\-߃. kwl-s\ G s -Sp-Øp ItdPv C tpwenkw Ahm Uv h\nxm am[y-a-cw- KØv {]i-kvx-am-wv. Cu h jw kmw_n-b, djy, tlm p-dm-kv, Atacn F n-hn-s-ß-fnse am[ya {]h Ø-I mwp In n-b-xv. am[ya kzmx-{ yw, h\n-x-i-fpss t\xr-xzw, am[ya kwcw-`-ixzw, kpc- n-xxzw F o taj-e-i-fn kwl- S\ \S-Øp {]h Ø-\-ßfpw CXp kw_- n s]mxp hm Ø-Ifpw ssk nse Hu Cjyqkv F en n \n p Is -Ømw. Hu Cw]mIvSv F hn`mkw kwl-s-\- bpss {]h Ø-\-߃ hni-zo-i-cn- p- p. ItdPv Ahm Un\p ]pdta ARvP \o{un-ßkv Ahm Uv, ]cn-ioe-\w, kwcw-`-i-xz-øn-\p Ah-k-cw, hnhn-[- ]-cn-]m-sn-iƒ F n-h-bpss hnhcw Cu en n ImWmw. Cu h jw BZy-ambn G s -Sp-Øp slmhm Uv Pn.-_-s^ v ^ ns hnhc-ßfpw Cu en n-ep- v. BZy Ahm Uv tpxm- -fn C y-bnse... At\z-j-Wm-flI ]{X-{]-h Ø\ cwkøv {it -b-bmb {]nb m Zpt_-bpap- v. h\nxm am[y-a-{]-h Ø-Isc ASnb- cl -ß-fn klm-bn- m-\p Fa P kn Akn-à kv hn`m-khpw CXn ImWmw. ssk nse dnk v F hn`mkw Gsd hnh-c-߃ \ Ip- -XmWv. h\nxm am[y-a-{]-h Ø-I B{I-an- -s -Sp- -Xns hni-zmw-i-߃ 2013 apx kwl-s\ tij-cn p XpS-ßnb-Xm-Wv. Ign h jw CXp kw_- n dnt m v kwl-s\ {]kn- o-i-cn- p. CXv sh_vssk- n \n p hmbn- mw. temi-sa-ºm-sp-ap h\nxm am[ya{]h Ø-I-cpsS Ahÿ kw_- n ]T-\hpw \S-Øn. Cu dnt m v ssk n \n v Uu temuv snømw. {SqØu v At\z-j-Wm-flI dnt m p-i-fn {]txyi {i \S-Øp ssk mwv a\pjyipesøbpw `qan-sbbpw kwc- n- p- -Xn-\pth F m {]h Ø-\hpw At\z-j- Wm-flI am[y-a-{]-h Ø-\-Øn-eqsS \S- Øp-sa- mwv emt` IqSmsX {]h Øn- p {SqØu v kwl-s\ ]d-bp- -Xv. hnhn[ hnj-b-߃ kw_- n [mcmfw dnt m p-iƒ ssk ns tlmw t]pn Xs ImWmw. _kv^vfmjv, kv]o u- v, s{]m{k-kohv ]n vkv F n-h-bmwv en p-iƒ.... awkfw Zn\-]-{X-Øns No^v \yqkv FUn- -dmwv tej-i. tej-is C -sabn : epshajudeen@gmail.com

36 (36) hmb-\ BtKm-f-h -c-whpw C y hm Øm-am-[y-a-ßfpw BtKm-f-h -c-w-øns Im \q- m v ( ) C y am[y-a-cw-ksø bym Y hnπ-h- Øns IqSn Ime-am-Wv. hm Øm, hnt\m-z, hn\n-a-b-a-fi-eß-fnse am[ya DS-a-ÿ-X, kmt -Xn-I-X, \nb-a-߃, hym]-\w, hf, sshhn[yw F o Xe-ß-fn c p-\q- m v hsc Ncn-{X-ap-ff C y am[y-a-cwkw h Ip-Xn- p- Iƒ \S-Øp- Xv 1990 apx-em-wv. A -Sn-am-[y-a-߃, hnti- jmpn tp _v

37 (37) jn v h Ø-am-\- -{X-߃ {]Nm-c-Øn \mev- -A p asßv hf p. FÆ-Øn-ep-ap- mbn h Ip-Xn- v. í91 í92 H msi 32,000 ]{X-ß-fp- m-bn-cp ÿm\øv ,000 ]{X-ß-fm-bn. {imhyam[yaw kzim-cy-h -cn- -s -Sp-Ibpw F^v.- Fw. kmt -Xn-I-X-bn-eqsS IqSp-X hym]-i-am-ip-ibpw snbvxp. 250 e[niw F^v.-Fw. tãj-\p-iƒ Ct mƒxs C y-bn-ep- v. 839 tãj-\p-iƒ DS \ne-hn hcn-ibpw snøpw (Usha Rodrigues, Maya Ranganathan, 2015). ssen-hn-j kzim-cy, D]-{K-l-hnπ-hß-fn-eqsS kz w Pohn-X-Im-e-am n Cu L sø am p-ibpw A -Sn, {imhy-am-[y-a-ßsf F m A Y- Ønepw ]n - p-ibpw snbvxp. {]Nm-c-Øn, ]c-kyh-cp-am-\-øn, hm Øm- -hn-t\mz aqey-ß-fn, P\-{]o- Xn-bn... C s\- ns\ ap \n Øp \h-am-[y-a-߃ Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-cwKw kºq Æ-ambn Iog-S- p-ibpw B[p-\nI am[y-a-ßsf ka{k-ambn \ho-i-cn- p-ibpw snbvx-xn-s\m w kz w _lp-p-\-am-[y-a-߃ p cq]w-sim-sp- p-ibpw snbvxp. kmaq-ly-am-[y-a-߃ F -dn-b-s -Sp- -h-bpss Imew ]pxnb \q m- n-emwv cq]w-sim-f-fp- -Xv. Hcp ]Xn- m- n-\p-f-fn AXv temisø am n-a-dn- p-i-xs snbvxp HmsS C y-bn C s\ v hcn- m-cpss FÆw 50 timsnbmipw F v ]T-\-߃ ]d-bp- p. samss_ t^m- Wns hym]-\-amwv Cu cwksø {it -b-amb Hcp am w. 2014se IW- -\p-k-cn v C y-bn samss_ t^m D]-tbm- m- ƒ timsn-bmwv (The Hindu, 2015 June 28). P\-kw-Jy-bpsS ]Ip-Xn. shdpw ]Øp-h jsø Ncn-{X-ap-ff Hcp am[y-a-am-wnsx-t m -Ww. t^m hnfn Ign- m G hpw IqSp-X t] samss_-ens\ B{i-bn- p- Xv kmaqly-am-[y-a-ß-fn ] p-tn-cm-\mwv F Xpw CtXmSp tn Øp-hm-bn- p-i. BtKm-f, kzimcy IpØ-I-I-fpsS km n-[yw, AXn-\q-X-\-amb kmt -Xn-I-X-I-fpsS D]-tbmKw, Akm-[m-c-W-amw-hn[w hn]-wn-h Ir-X-amb D S- hpw LS-\bpw ix-am\w P\-ß-fn-te v FØn-t -cp Ahÿ F n-ßs\ C m-e-l- - Øns C y am[y-a-ß-fpss s]mxp-kz-`m-h-߃ apjy-ambpw \mem-wv. Hmtcm- pw, BtKm-f-h -c-w- Øns cm{ o-b, kmº-øni \b-ß-fp-ssbpw kmt - XnI apt - -Øn-s bpw ^ew. km -c-xm-\n-c- ntem ASn-ÿm-\-Po-hn-X-ku-I-cy-ß-fpsS Imcy-Øntem D m- ImØ IpXn- mwv am[ya hn\n-a-b- -hym-]-\-cw-k-ß-fn C m-e-øp- m-bn- p-f-f-xv. \nc- -cx \mev]-xp-i-x-am- \-ap-ff C y-bn Adp-]-Xp-i-X-am\w t] v I q-

38 (38) kn F hnjym-x-amb Ahÿ Hm Ωn- p-i. ]s ssen-i-ayq-wn-t -j, Ce-t{Œm-WnIv am[y-a-cw-k-ßfnepw ]c-º-cm-kx am[y-a-cw-k-øp-ap- m-ip apt - - Øn\v AsXm pw XS- -am-ip- n-. Cu ] m-ø-e-øn-emwv C y hm Øm-am- [y-a-cw-k-søbpw BtKm-f-h -c-w-søbpw Iq -nbn- W- p Ggp ]T-\-ß-f-psS Cu kam-lmcw {]kn- o- Ir-X-am-Ip- -Xv. ap ]p-xs ëindian Media is a Globalised Worldí F t]cn 2010 Ch Hcp {KŸw {]kn- o-i-cn- n-cp p (ImWp-I, aoun-b, BK- Ãv, 2012). AXv am[y-a-cw-ksø s]mxp-am- -ß-sf- p-dn- m-bn-cp- p-sh- n ]pxnb {KŸw hm Øm-am-[y-a-cw-KsØ- p-dn- p-ff khn-tij ]T-\-am-Wv. C y kaq-l- Ønse Ggv {][m\ kµ `-߃ (cm{ ob ssen-hnj, Hfn-Im-a-d, `oi-c-hm-z-dn-t m nw-kv, s]bvuv \yqkv, kmaq-ly-am-[y-a-߃, am[y-ao-ir-x-cm-{ w, Z ln Iq - _-em- wkt kns dnt m nwkv F nh) ap \n Øn BtKm-f-h -c-w-im-esø hm Øm-am- Dj tdm{unkvkv amb cwk-\m-y [y-a-߃ Ahsb Fßs\ ëhm Ø-bm n am n F Xns kq vahpw hni-z-hp-amb A]-{K-Y\w \S- Øp- p, Djbpw amb-bpw. BtKm-f-h -c-w-im-eøv C y-bn hm Øm, hnt\mz am[y-a-cw-k-øp- mb IpXn- p-nm- - Øn\p ]n n hn]-wn-bpss t\cn- p-ff CS-s]-Sepw

39 (39) kzm[o-\hpw Xm ]-cy-hp-am-wp-f-f-xv. Cw ojnse- t]mse C y `m-j-i-fnepw \nc-h[n ]pxnb am[y-a߃, hnti-jn pw ssen-hn-j Nm\-ep-Iƒ \ne-hn h Xv bym Y-Øn hn]-wn-bpss Bh-iyhpw ]cky-]n- p-wbpw Imc-W-am-Wv Hcp Nm\ am{x-ap- m-bn-cp ÿm\øv 2001 \qdp Nm\-ep-Ifm-bn. sxm -SpØ Zi-I-Øn AXv Bdp-a-Sßv hf p. {]mtz-in-i-`m-j-i-fnse t{] -Isc BI jn- p Xc-Øn {]mtz-in-i-`m-jm-nm-\-ep-iƒ \ne-hn h -txmss ]{X-ß-fn-te- p-ff ]c-ky-ß-fpss IpsØm-gp v Ipd- p-xp-s-ßn. BtKm-f-h -c-w-øns `mk-am-bp-ff kmº- ØnI DZm-c-h -c-whpw tziob \nb-{ - W-ß-fpsS FSp-Øp-I-f-bepw G -hp-a-[niw {]I-S-amb taj-e-i-fn-sem- mwv ssen-hn-jt -Xv. kmº-øn-i-cw-køpw kmwkvim-cn-i-cw- KØpw Hcp-t]mse {]I-S-amb BtKm-fh -c-w-øns G hpw P\-{]n-bhpw ]cnh Ø-t\m- p-j-hp-amb Pnlz-bmbn ssen-hnj amdn. ]{Xw, ssen-hn-j, \h-am-[y-a߃ F nh ap \n Øn, C -gn Im \q- m- n C y hm Øm-am-[y-a-cw-K- Øp- mb am -ß-fpsS s]mxp-l-s-\bpw kz`m-h-ßfpw hni-zo-i-cn- p- p, Bap-J-te-J- \w. \nc-h[n kmaq-ly, kmº-øni, cm{ ob am[y-a-tc-j-isf B{i-bn pw Hmtcm cwksøbpw ]Tn-Xm- sf D -cn pw {it -b-amb Nne kmaq-ly-im-kv{x-k- -ev]-\-߃ D]- tbm-kn pw Dj, hm Ømam[y-a-ß-fpsS kmwkvim-cni cm{ obw hni-i-e\w snøp- p. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v, tl_ amkv apt m- ph km h-eu-in-ihpw GIhp-amb s]mxp-afi-e-k- -ev]-\sø _lp-xe km[y-x-i-fnte p hym]n- n v Imcn-Im-]n-s\ Ah-X-cn- n- p ImgvN- m-sp-iƒ ]n p-s mwv Dj Xs bpw amb-bp-ssbpw tej-\-ß-fpss ssk m- n-ihpw coxn-im-kv{x-]-c-hp-amb ASn-Ød kqnn- n- p- Xv (]pdw : 24). am[y-a- -kmw-kvim-cni ]T-\-k-ao-]-\-߃ DS- \ofw kzoi-cn pw {]Xn-\n-[m-\-]-c-ambn Nne kµ `߃ hni-i-e\w snbvxpw Ign Im \q- m- nse C y am[y-a-cw-k-øns Hcp Ncn-{Xm-]-{K-Y\w e y-an-sp p {KŸ-I Øm- ƒ. Bap-JsØØpS p-h-cp BZy-te-J-\- Øn ambm-cw-k-\m-y \nco- -I-\n (observer) \n v ] mfn (participant)-bn-te- p amdp C y hm Øm-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS I XrXzw hni-zo-i-cn- p- p. k Sn-hn-bpsS D -h-hn-im-k-ßsf ap \n Øn-bp-ff Cu ]T\w ëssen-hn-j cm{ o-b-sø-bpwëcm{ obss-en-hn-j-s\bpw Ipdn- p-ff N -Iq-Sn-bmbn amdp- p. UnFw-sI- p-th n k Snhn XpS- -an Cusbmcp {]h-wx ]n p-s v C y-bn GXm v Ccp-]-Øm-tdmfw hm Øm-Nm-\-ep-Iƒ t\cn v cm{ o-b- ]m n-itfm Ah-cpsS t\xm- tfm Bcw-`n- p-i-bp- m-bn. CXp kr n v G hpw henb am w C y cm{ obw Akm-am-\y-amw-hn[w ëssen-hn-jz-ssekví snø-s p F -Xm-Wv. {]mtz-in-i-x-e-øn-emwv taev]- d apgp-h Nm\-ep-Ifpw F Xv Gsd {it -b-am- Ip- p. cm{ o-b-amwv hm Øm-Nm-\-ep-I-fpsS Pohizmkw F \ne-bn-te v tzio-b-nm-\-ep-i-sf-t mepw am m Chbv p Ign- p. Xan-gv\m- n cm{ o-b- ]m n-i-fpss hi-bmbn Bdv hm Øm-Nm-\-ep-I-fp t mƒ ë]g-bí B{ m-{]-tz-in ]Xn-t\gp hm Øm- Nm-\-ep-I-fm-Wp-f-f-Xv. Ãm Sn-hn pw kosn-hn pw kam- -c-ambn Z n-tw- y ssen-hn-j cwkøp sh ns m-sn-]m-dn k Sn-hn-bpsS XI Bcw-`n pw ap ]mwv (2015 ) Cu tej\w Fgp-X-s -Sp- -sx- Xpw {i n-t hkvxp-x-bm-wv. ÃnwKv tpw-en-ksø- p-dn- p-ff amb-bpss ]T- \w, Agn-a-Xn-hn-cp-, At\z-j-Wm-flI am[y-a-{]-h Ø- \-Øns amxr-i-bmbn hni-kn ph n- p-ff ëhfn-imadí dnt m nw-kn-s\- p-dn- m-wv. Zriy, \h am[y-a-ßfn-emwv Ch-bpsS B[n-Iyw. am[y-a-[m Ωn-I-X-sb- pdn- p-ff \nc-h[n tnmzy-߃ D -bn- -s -Sp Hc-hÿbpw Ch kr n- n- p- v Ifn Acp jqdn FUn- -dm-bn-cp- -t mƒ C y FIvkv{]kmWv C ybn At\z-j-Wm-flI am[y-a-{]-h Ø-\-Øns {]ikvx-amb amxr-i-iƒ p XpS w Ipdn- p- -Xv. Agn-a- Xn, t]meokv ]ou-\w, KqVm-tem-N-\, a\p-jy- -S- Øv,... `K ]q Zpc w apx t_mt^mgvkv hsc ImeØv C y FIvkv{]-kn Aizn\n kcn Fgp-Xnb a\p-jy- -S-Øn-s\bpw s] hm-wn-`søbpw Ipdn- p-ff dnt m p-iƒ amb hni-i-e\w snøp- p. ssen-hn-j Im-e-ØmWv Hfn-Im-a-d-I-bpsS Ifn-Xp-S-ßp- -Xv. ap ]v i_vz-tc-j-tbm, IS-emkv tcj- Itfm Hs -bm-bn-cp- p, Xpdp- p-iƒ. sxl t]mep-ff am[y-a-߃ Gsd timfn-f- -ap- m- nb ]e

40 (40) hm ØIfpw ]pd-øp-sim- p-h- Xv ÃnwKv Hm -td-j hgn-bm-bn-cp- p. tpm Pv s^ Wm- -kv, _wkm-cp-e- va XpS-ßnb ]e h a-c-ßfpw IS-]p-g-In-bXv Aß-s\-bm-Wv. \ocm dmunb ts p-iƒ, ko \yqkn-s\- Xnsc \ho Pn Um \S-Ønb ëfxn ÃnwKv Hm td-j í F nh amb A]-{K-Yn- p- p. `oi-c-hm-zhpw ssen-hn-j\pwí F ]T-\- Øn Dj, 2008 \hw-_ 20 \v apw_-bn-ep- mb B{I-a-W-]-c-º-c-Iƒ 24 awn- qdpw kwt{]-jww snbvxp-sim v C y hm Øm-Nm-\-ep-Iƒ kr n ëknf -F {]`mhwí N -sn-øp- p XpS- -an knf -F Nm\-emWv 24 x 7 hm Ø-sb kwkvim-c-øns {k m-hv Ifn Kƒ^v bp w kwt{]-jww snbvxp-sim v Cu Nm\ XpS- -an Ata-cn- km{am-pysø C mw-hn-cp hm Øm-cm-{ obw tzio-b-x-sb- p-dn p am{x-a-, `oi-c-hm-z-søbpw ax-au-en- I-hm-Z-sØbpw Ipdn pw Hcp am[y-a-øn\p kr n- m Ign-bp A]m-c-amb ax-sh-dnbpss GSp-I-fmbn amdn. C y-bn \SmsS CØ-c-samcp cm{ o-b-øn\v hm Øm-Nm-\-ep- Iƒ a -c-_p- n-tbmss cq]w-sim-sp- p-i-bm-bncp p apw_bv B{I-aW dnt m nw-kn F v Dj ka Yn- p- p. am[y-a-hn-a i-i apx kp{]ow-tim-s-xn-hsc \nin-x-ambn hna in Cu Nm\ CS-s]-S-ens kq va-cm-{ obw Dj hni-zo-i-cn- p- p. Bfl-\n-b-{ -W-an- mø Nm\-ep-Iƒ, am[y-a-[m Ωn-IX apx cmpy-kp-c- -hsc _en-sim-spø hmwn-pyÿm-]-\-ß-fmbn amdn-b-xns G hpw {]kn- amb DZm-l-c-W-ambnØocp-I-bm-bn-cp p apws_bv B{I-a-W-Øns 24 x 7 Ih-td-Pv. ës]bvuv \yqkví F p t]cp-ti-, C y am[y-a-cw-ksø G hpw Ip{]-kn- -amb {]h-w-x-sb- p-dn- mwv amb-bpss ASpØ tej-\w. am[y-a-ßfpw cm{ o-b- mcpw _nkn-\-kp-imcpw tn p-ff Hcp s]mdm- p-\m-s-i-ambn ëhm Øí amdp- -Xns Ahtem-I-\w. apjy-ambpw ëz lnµpí Zn\-]-{X-Øn ]n. kmbv\m-yns CS-s]-S-en-eqsS temi-{i- -bm- I jn v s]bvuv \yqkv, dmunb ts p-iƒ kr n- - Xn-s\- mƒ henb Ah-a-Xn-bmWv C y am[y-a߃ p kr n- p-\ In-Xv. ]Wtam ]c-kytam ]Icw hmßn cm{ o-b- m pw hyh-km-bn- Iƒ pw a m pw A\p-Iq-e-ambn hm Ø-Iƒ kr n- p- -Xns A[m Ωn-IX ëssswkv Hm^v C yí apx {]mtz-ini sndp-ins am[y-a߃hsc GXn\pw _m[-i-am-ip- p. bym Y-Øn Cu {]h-wx Hcp s]mxp-am-[y-a-kw-kvim-cw-x-s bm-sw- nepw alm-cm{ \nb-a-k-`m-sx-c-s -Sp- n ssswkv Hm^v C ybpw Nne AXn-k-º- cmb cm{ o-b-t\-xm- fpw XΩn-ep- m- nb [mc-wbmwv G -hp-a-[niw N -sn-ø-s - -Xv. ]m esa nepw sxc-s -Sp p IΩo-j-\nepw A m-z-ani am[y-a-]-t\ ÿm]-\-ß-fnepw kp{]ow-tim-s-xnbnepw {]kviu kn Hm^v C y-bn-ep-sams ës]bvuv \yqkví \nc- cw N -sn-ø-s - p. SnF ss\\m, _n.-pn. h Ko-kv, kpanxv N{I-h Øn, a[p- In-jzm F n-h-cpƒs -Sp Hcp IΩn- nsb Cu hnjbw ]Tn- m FUn-t gvkv Kn Uv Hm^v C y \ntbm-kn- p. ]c tpmbv Kplm-Xm-Ip Ø {it -b-amb Hcp tumiyp-sa -dn-xs \n Ωn- p. C y hm Ømam-[y-a-ß-fpsS hnizm-kyx F m-e-tø- p-ambn XI p. tim -td v ImeØv hm Øm-am-[y-a-߃ p kw`-hn- m-hp G hpw henb hogvn-bmbn Cu am w hne-bn-cp-ø-s -Sp-Ibpw snøp- p.

41 (41) \h-km-aq-ly-am-[y-a-߃ sk p-sn-øp hm Øm-A-P- -I-sf- p-dn- mwv ASpØ tej-\w. 2011se Ad_vhk Øns ] m-øew Nq n- m- Wn- v, Z ln-bn \S AÆm-l-kmsc {]ÿm-\- Øns P\-Io-b-k-a-c-ß-fpsS \h-am-[y-a-cm-{ obw A]-{K-Yn- p- p, Dj. bp]n-f-k m-cns hº Agn-a-Xn-I-sf- p-dn v A -Sn, Zriy-am-[y-a-߃ \nc- cw \ In-s m- n-cp hm Ø-Iƒ kr n kmaqlym-h-ÿ-iƒ ptaemwv t^kv_p-iv, Szn XpS-ßnb kmaq-ly-am-[y-a-ßfpw samss_ t^m hgn-bp-ff Fkv-Fw-F-kp-Ifpw AÆm-l-km-sc-{]-ÿm-\-Øns Pnlz-I-fmbn amdn-b-xv. k m ]-c-ky-ßsf B{i-bn- p ]{X-߃ apx CS-Xv, A m-z-ani _p n-po-hn- Iƒ hsc-bp-f-f-h AÆm-X-cw-KsØ Acm-P-I-hm-Zambpw a[y-h K-I-em-]-ambpw Acm-{ o-b-hm-z-ambpw Fgp-Xn-Ø-f-fn-b-t mƒ P\-߃ AXn AWn-tN-cp-Ibmbncp p. am[y-a-߃ v, Ah-cpsS hnimcw am\nt - n-h p; kmaq-ly-am-[y-a-߃ kr n AP ]c-º-cm-k-x- am-[ya߃ v Gs -Sp-t - n-h- p. ëbtkm-f-h -c-w-im-esø am[y-ao-irx cm{ wí F \ne-bn C ysb hymjym-\n- p-ibmwv ASpØ tej-\-øn, amb. tzio-b-xbv p ]pxnb cq]hpw LS-\bpw \n Ωn- p-sim v am[y-a߃ kr n- p ëbtkmf C ybpss A]-{K-Y-\- ambn amdp- p, Cu ]T-\w. {KŸ-Øns apjy-{]-ta-b- Øns G hpw km Y-I-amb hni-i-e-\w. am[y-a-tz-iobx (Media Nationalism) F p hnfn- m-hp Cub-hÿ v c p kp{]-[m\ kµ `-ß-fp- v, C y-bn. kzmx-{ y-]q h- -tz-iob {]ÿm-\-im-esø ]{X-ßfpsS cm{ -\n Ωn-Xn-bmWv H m-a-tø-xv. lnµnkn\n-abpƒs -ss-bp-f-fh \n Ωn C y CXn-\-\p-_- -ambn amdn. 1990Itfm-sS, apjy-ambpw ssen-hn-j \n Ωn p lnµp-tz-io-b-x-bmwv c m-asø kµ `w. cmam-b-w, alm-`m-cx ]c-º-c-iƒ sxm p-xp-sßp Cu ë\h-`m-c-x-\n ΩnXní \tc-{µ-tam-zn-bnseøn \n p- p. Im \q- m- p-sim- v, ëce-t{œm- WnIv Im n- -enkwí F p hnfn-t -cp-how kzimcy ssen-hn-j - -\-h-am-[ya hnπ-h-im-e-øns BtKmf C y-sb, Cu tzio-b-x-bpss `mk-am-bn-ø-s -bmwv hymjym-\n-t - n-h-cp- -Xv. {In pw ]pxnb ImesØ h Ko-b-kw-L j-ßfpw Htc-t]mse Cu c mw-tz-io-b-xsb kaq Ø-am n am p-i-bm-bn-cp- p Hmkvt{S-en-b-bn C y hwi-p-cmb hnzym n-iƒ p-t\sc \S B{I-a-W-]-c-º-c-sb- pdn v C y Cw ojv hm Øm-am-[y-a-ßfpw {ioe- - bnse Xan-gv{]-iv\-sØ- p-dn v Xan-gvam-[y-a-ßfpw \ Inb dnt m p-iƒ hni-i-e\w snbvxp-sim v amb Cu hn-jbw ka-{k-am-b-]-{k-yn- p- p. ë]cn-w-an- p C y kaq-l-øn hm Øm-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS ] ví F - XmWv Ah-km-\-te-J-\w Unkw-_-dnse Z ln Iq -_-em- w-khpw sime-]m-x-ihpw (\n `b) AXns hm Øm-am-[y-a- {]-Xn-\n-[m-\-ß-fn-eqsS hni-i-e\w snøp-i-bmwv Dj. ]{X-ßfpw ssen-hn-j Nm\-ep-Ifpw \h-kmaq-ly-am-[y-a-ßfpw Hcp-t]mse Cu hnj-b-øn \S-Ønb CS-s]-S-ep- Ifpw C y-bn-ep-s-\ofw (AÆm-lkm-sc-{]-ÿm-\-Øn-se- -t]mse) bphm- ƒ sxcp-hn-en-dßn `c-w- Iq-S-ÿm-]-\-߃s -Xnsc \S- Ønb hna i-\hpw Hcp-t]mse ]c-º-cm-kx cm{ o-b-{]-ÿm-\-ßsf t\m p-ip-øn-ifm- nb Imew. Chn-sS-bp-ap- m-bn, a[y-h K, \K-c-bphm- -fpss Xm m-eni hnπ-h-sa hna i-\w. ]s, cm{ o-b-{]-ÿm-\-ßfpw `c-w-iq-s-ÿm-]-\- ßfpw H -S w Ag-na-Xn-bnepw h Ko-b-X-bnepw apßn- \n-h-cp ImeØv ëacm-{ o-b-kw-l-ß-sf hntijww Hcp Ah-a-Xn-bmbn amdp- n F v \n `-b-{]- iv\-øns am[y-a- -km-aq-lni CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ sxfn-bn- p-ixs snbvxp. AtX-k-a-bw-X-s, enwk-pm-{k-xtbm, kzim-cy-xtbm a\p-jym-h-im-i-ßtfm ]q Æambn \ne-\n Ønbpw kwc- n pw sim m-bn-cp- n-, ]e am[y-a-ßfpw ]e hm Ø-Ifpw dnt m p-sn-bvxxv F hna i\w _m n-\n p-ibpw snøp- p. Cuhn-[w, Ign Im \q- m- n BtKm-fh -c-w-øns kmº-øn-i- -cm-{ o-b- -km-t -Xn-I- kmw-kvim-cni bp n-iƒ C y hm Øm-am-[y-a-cw- KØp kr n am -ßfpw kzm[o-\-ßfpw {]h-w-x- Ifpw {]I-º-\-ßfpw {]Xn-\n-[m-\-]-c-ambn hni-i-e\w snøp- p, Djbpw amb-bpw. Ncn-{X-t_m-[hpw cm{ o-b- [m-c-w-bp-ap-ff hm Øm-am-[y-a- hn-i-i-e-\-øns A m-z-ani coxn-imkv{x] -Xn-Iƒ kp`{zw ]n p-s-cp- -h-bmwv Cu ]T-\-߃ F Xv FSp-Øp-]dbpI- Xs thww. am[ya]-t\øns {it -b-amb ka- Ime amxr-i-i-fmbn amdp- p, Hmtcm tej-\-hpw. Indian News Media Usha M. Redrigues Maya Ranganathan Sage, 2015, Rs. 895/- {ioi- c k -I-em-im-e-bn ae-bmfw A[ym-]-I- \mwv tej-i. tej-is C -sa-bn shajijacob67@gmail.com...

42 (42) hn. cmp-tkm-]m ]{X-{]-h Ø-\-Øn\v Dgn- p-sh PohnXw ap -Øn-aq- p-h jw apºv amxr-`q-an-bn s{sbv\n Bbn tncp-tºmgmwv hn. cmp-tkm-]m-ens\ ImWp- -sx- nepw At±-lsØ AXn\pw Btdgv h jw apsº- nepw Adn-bmw. ]{X-]w- n-i-fn, hm Ø-I-fn. si.-f-kv.bp t\xm-hv, bqwn-th-gvkn n bqwn-b `mc-hm-ln, kvt]m Svkv dnt m. Cu Ipdn v Rm Fgp-Xp- Xv cmp-tkm-]m ]n hmßn aq mw Znh-k-am-Wv. Fgp-Xn-Øp-S-ßp-tºmƒ F\n v Xe-t»-cn-bn \n v Hcp t^m. cma-n-{µ NºmSv F v Hcp-Im-eØv Adn-b-s - n-cp Ihn. At±lw si.-f-kv.bp mct\m kvt]msvkv hmb-\- m-ct\m A. At±lw cmp-tkm-]m-ens A ysø Ipdn- mwv At\z-jn- p- -Xv. Fßs\-bmWv At±-l-Øn\v cmp-tkm-]m-ens\ Adn-bpI F v Rm Btem-Nn- th At±lw ]d- p ""Hm a-bpt m ] v Xr»q-cn bqwn. bqwn-b \S-Ønb k K-kw-hm-Zw... Hm a-bp-t m...-rm AXn ]s -Sp-Ø-Xm-Wv. cmp-tkm-]m BWv A sø bqwn. bqwn-b snb am. Fs mcp ssh m-en- n-bm-bn-cp p B sndp- - m-c...'' Rmt\m Øp. tic-f-øn\v AIØpw ]pd-øpw -\n v FÆ-a Fgp-Øp-Imcpw Iem-Im-c- mcpw hnzym n-i-fp-ambn Znh-k-ß-tfmfw kwhmzw \S-Ønb ]cn-]m-sn. AXpt]m-sem v ]ns tic-f-øn \S- n- n-. At±-lsØ ac-w-tijw Nne-sc mw {]ikvx kvt]m Svkv tej-i F v hnti-jn- n- p- Xv hmbn- p-ibpw tiƒ p-ibpw snbvxp. C m-cy- Øn At±lw Kpcp hnwkn-tb- mƒ Hmƒdu- Bbn-cp- p. kvt]m Svkv dnt m n-ßp-am-bmwv ]{X-{]-h Ø\w XpS-ßn-b-sX- nepw ]{X-{]-h Ø-\- Øns ki-e-x-e-ß-fnepw At±lw ssish- n- p- v, hnp-b-i-c-ambn {]h Øn- n- p- v. timgn-t msv _yqtdm No^v F \ne-bn s]mfn- n- dnt m p-iƒ, Gsd lyqa C -dãv tãmdn-iƒ, hni-k-\-dn-t m p- Iƒ. Xnc-s -Sp v dnt m v snøm tzi-hym-]-i-ambn k -cn- n- p- v. ]{X-Øns F m t]pp-iƒ pw At±lw Bi-b-߃ kw`m-h\ snøm-dp- v. Xs Imew ]n n p Fs m-cn- epw txm n-bn- n At±-l-Øn-\v. hnc-an- p- -Xn\v c p-h jw apºmwv At±lw hmcm- - -Xn- ns Npa-Xe-tb- Xpw \nc-h[n am -߃ \S- m- n-b-xpw. ac-w-øn\v aq p-amkw apºp-hsc At±lw Hfn-ºy F t]cn hmcm- - -Xn- n kvt]m Svkv timfw Fgp-Xn-bn- p- v. AXm-bn-cp p cmp-tkm-]m. Rm\p-ambn henb {]mb-hy-xym-k-sam- p-an-. ]t, R߃ ]{X-Øn-se-Øp-tºm-tg v At±lw amxr-`q-an-bn Hcp km n[yw Xs -bm-bn- amdn-bncp p. Rß-fpsS sskuv Bbn...-tIm-tf- Pn ]Tn- p-tºmƒxs tej-i-\mb BfmWv cmp-tkm-]m. ]Tn pw

43 (43) ]{X-{]-h Ø-\hpw cmjv{so-b-{]-h Ø-\hpw Htc ka-bw. BZyw sse\-dm-bn, ]ns Ãm^v tej-i-\m-bn, _yqtdm No^v Bbn, kvs]j Id-kvt]m- v Bbn, U]yq n FUn- Bbn, FIvkn. FUn- Bbn...-F mw timgn-t m v Xs. CXn-s\ mw tij-amwv Ipd v Imew sim -tø pw tim - -te pw ÿew-am-dn-t m-b-xv. h W-i-_-f-amb hy nxzw F v Fgp-Xn- - n- p- v. AXmWv CsX v cmp-tkm-]m-en-s\-t m-ep- -hsc ImWp-tºmtg a\- n-em-hq. Hcp-]mSv A]q h-x-iƒ At±-l-Øns Imcy-Øn D v. A v h w Hfn- ºnIvkv Ih snbvx at Xv ae-bm-fn-bp v? t`m m Zpc w dnt m v snbvx F{X tej- I tic-f-øn-ep- v, Ah-cn h jw txmdpw sn v AhnSpsØ PohnXw F{X amdn F t\z-jn- -h thsd Bcp v? 47 cmpy-ß-fn ]cy-s\w \S-Ønb at Xv teji-\p v tic-f- Øn? hn.-fw. _me-n-{µ F hnwkn F m Imcy-Ønepw hn. cmp-tkm-]m-ens Kpcp Bbn-cp- p. ]t, B Xe-ap-d-bn s] Hcp ]{X-{]-h Ø-I-\v- -hnw-kn v Dƒs -ss Hcp h -sa- nepw hntz-iøv t]mim Ign- n-cp- n F v Hm -Ww. 47 cmpyøv t]mb BfmWv cmp-tkm-]m. Fgp-Xn-b-Xn-tesd ]{X-{]-h Ø-\m-\p-`-h-߃ Fgp-XmsX _m n sh n- mwv cmp-tkm-]m hns ]d- -Xv. AXy w A]q h-x-i-fp Gsd A\p-`-h-߃ At±lw Bth-i-]q hw hnh-cn- p- Xv ]e h w ti n- p- v. F mw _m n-bm- n. IΩyq-Wn-k-Øn-s bpw tkmhn-b v bqwn-b-s bpw Ncn-{X-Ønse Zpc- -\m-b-i-\mb anjm-tb tkm _-t -hns\ At±lw {]i-kvxn-bpss simsp-ap-sn-bn \n p \mfn I p-ap- p-ibpw kwkm-cn- p-ibpw snbvx A\p-`hw cmp-tkm-]m ]eh w hnh-cn- n- p- v. AXns Bthiw Gdn-t m-b-xp-sim- m-hptam F -dn-bn AXv Fgp-Xn-b-tX-bn-. apjya{ n C.-sI. \mb-\m tdman t]mbxpw am m- bv v `K-hZvKoX kωm-\n- Xpw henb N bpw hnhm-z-hp-am-bn- p v tic-f-øn. ]t, AXn\p ]n nse ck-i-c-amb IY Adnbp GI ]{X-{]-h Ø-I cmp-tkm-]m Bbn-cp- p. F v kωm-\-amwv t]m n\v \ ti- Xv F v apjy-a{ n thh-em-xn-s - -t mƒ cmp-tkm-]m BWv `K-hZvKoX FSp- Øp-sIm-SpØXv! CØ-c-samcp {]Xn-k n ap Iq n I v BhWw cmp-tkm-]m `K-h-ZvKo- X-bp-ambn t]mbxv F p t]mepw Rm hnnm-cn- p- p- v ImcWw cmp-tkm-]m A{Xbpw Zo L-ho- Ww Nne Imcy-ß-fn {]I-Sn- n- m-dp- v. A msx KoX hmbn- p Zpkz-`m-h-sam pw ]p n v C! A v ]nw-dmbn hnp-b\pw B bm{xm-kw-l-øn-ep- m-bncp- p. F m hnhm-z-߃ n-s-bnepw ]nw-dm-bn v Hcp tkm^v v tim W a\- n cmptkm-]m kq n- n-cp- Xv B bm{x-bnse kulr-z-øns XpS -bm-bn-cp- p. {][m-\-a{ n KpPvdmƒ sxm v cmpysø At\-I-a-t\Iw D -X-ÿm-\o-b-cp-am-bn, ]{Xm- [n-]- m-cp-am-bn, D -txm-tzym-k-ÿ- m-cp-ambn At±lw kulrzw ]pe Øn-t m- n- p- v. cmp-tkm-]m-en\v ]e kulr-z-ßfpw kulr-z-øn\p th n-ø-s -bm-bn-cp- p, hm Ø v th n-bm-bn-cp- n-. B kulr-z-߃ Hcp]mSv Bfp-Iƒ v Poh c m Huj-[-ß-fmbn Nne L -ß-fn amdm-dp- v. F{X t]sc GsX mw L -ß-fn c n- n- p v F v FÆnbm Xocn-. si.-]n. tii-h-ta-t\m\pw hn.-fw. \mbcpw apx aq c ]Xn- m- p-imew amxr-`q-anbpss Xe- -Øn-cp ki-e-cp-ambpw D kulrzw ]pe Ønb Hcp hy n cmp-tkm-]m Bbn-cn- pw. hn.-fw. \mb-cpss Bcm-[-I Xs Bbn-cp p cmp-tkm-]m, AXp-t]mse Fw.Un. Bbn-cp IrjvW-tam-l-s -bpw. cmp-tkm-]m-ens\ BZy-ambn Hfn-ºnIvkv Ih snøm \ntbm-kn- p- Xv At±-l-am-Wv. A m-eøv Hcp `mjm-]-{x-øn\v ANn- y-amb kml-k-am-bn-cp p AXv. F m ]{Xm-[n-]- m-cp-ssbpw Ime-sØIp-dn v hen-sbmcp ]pkvxiw Fgp-Xp- p v F v cmp-tkm-]m Aev]w kzim-cy-ambn ]e-h w ]d- n- p- v. AØcw taml-߃ Hcp]mSp- m-bn-cp- p. hn.-fw. \mb, si.-]n. tii-h-ta-t\m, hn.-]n.- B, am[-h- Ip- n, Fw.-Un. \me- m-sv, Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tz-h \mb XpS-ßnb Hmtcm-cp-Øsc Ipdn pw Hmtcm ]pkvxiw hoxw Fgp-Xm-\p ASp- hpw hnh-chpw cmp-tkm-]m-en-\p- m-bn-

44 (44) cp- p. ]t, F p-simt m Fgp-Xn-bn-. asn Fs mcp tzmjw At±-l-Øn\v C m-ø-xm- Wv. A{]n-b-k-Xy-߃ ]expw Fgp-Xm ka-b-am-bn F p Icp-Xn-bn-cn- mw. tpw-enkw s{sbv\n-iƒ p BgvN-Iƒ \o p-\n Hcp s{sbv\nmv Iymºns Npa-X-e- m-c-\m-bn-cp- t mƒ F m Znh-khpw mkv cmp-tkm-]m XpS-ßn-bn-cp- Xv Xs Hcp tpw-enkw A\p- `hw hnh-cn- p-sim- m-bn-cp- p. A v ]d Imcy-߃ am{xw axn Hcp A ]pkvxiw B m. ]t, AXpw cmp-tkm-]m Fgp-Xn-bn. ]cn-n-b-s -Sp Bscbpw \º-dp-Iƒ hmßn IrXy-ambn hnfn- p-sim- n-cn pw cmp-tkm- ]m. ]{X-{]-h Ø-I \yqkv tkmgvkp-isf Cßs\ \ne-\n-dp-øp-sa- -Xn-s bpw DØ-a -am- Xr-I... hniz-kn- ptam F -dn-bn-. \qdp-i-w- n\p kplr-øp- -fpss t^m \º-dp-Iƒ At±-l-Øn\p lrzn-ÿ-am-bn-cp- p. A qdv \º-dp-Iƒ t\m msx ]d-bm Ignbpw F At±-l-Øns Ah-Im-i-hmZw icntbm sxt m F v ]co- n- m Ign- n- n-. AºsXÆw hsc sx msx ]d-bn v ]co- n- n- p v ]e-cpw. hntz-iøv t]mip-tºmƒ kplr-øp- ƒ v simsp- m timgn-t m-s Imb -h-dp-øxpw lep-hbpw At\Iw sndp s]mxn-ifmbn ]mbv v snbvxv At±lw sim p-t]m-im-dp- v. F\n v Hcp hntz-i-bm-{xbv v apºv Cu D]-tZiw X Xv Hm p- p. Hm^o-knse kl-{]-h Ø-I hen-b-h-cm-i-s, C se tpmbn snbvx s{sbv\n-i-fm-is At±lw Hcp-t]mse kulrzw ]pe Øn-bn-cp- p. At±lw acn- -t mƒ ho n-seøn s]m n- -c- -h-cn Gsdbpw ]pxnb Xe-ap-d-bn s] -hcm-bn-cp- p. ]pxp-xmbn tpmbn snøp- -h-cpss Ign-hp-Iƒ Is Øn Ahsc ]c-am-h[n {]tbm-p-\-s -Sp-Øp Npa-X-e-I-fn G s -Sp-Øm F pw {ian- p-t]m- p. ]e-scbpw ssi]n-sn- p-b Øn-bn- p- v. kml-kn-i-amb ]e Imcy-ßfpw snøm ss[cyhpw {]tnm-z- \hpw \ Ip-Ibpw snbvxn- p- v. ]{X-{]-h Ø-I F kzm[o\w timgn-t m-sns hni-k-\-øn\v {]tbm-p-\-s -Sp-Ønbn- p v At±-lw. ]{X-Øn \S-Ønb ]e Iymsº-bn-\p-I-fmWv \K-c-Øns lrz-b-`mkw Xncn- -dn-bm Ign-bmØ hn[w am n-a-dn- p- -Xn\v klm-b-i-am-b-sx v ]gb Ie-IvS am-sc- nepw Hm p- p- m-hpw. P \m Hcp kwlm-s-i\pw t\xmhpw BWv cmp-tkm-]m. si.-fkv.bp Ime-Øn-\p-tijw kwl-s\m ÿm\-߃ hln- n- n-s - nepw t\xr-xz-]-c-amb Ign-hp- Iƒ At±lw sxm -sx mw sa -s -Sp-Øm D]-tbm-Ks -Sp-Øn-bn- p- v. F m- nepw kzbw snbvx-xn-tesd H -ap- -h-sc-s m v snøn- m At±-l-Øn\p Ign-bm-dp- v. \µn-hm- p-iƒ ]d-bm Hcp-]mSv _m n-bp- v. ]e pth nbpw FUn- am-tcmspw amt\-pnmv FUn- -tdmspw ÿew am -Øn\pw a p ]cn-k-w-\-iƒ pw At±lw At]- n- p- Xv ti n- p- v. Ah-cmcpw Xt msv \µn ]d-b-w-sa pt]mepw B{K-ln- n- n-. Nne L -ßfn G p-ap- n-b-h-tcmsv kulrzw ]p\x-ÿm-]n- m At±lw Akm-am-\y-amb lrz-b-hn-imex {]I-Sn- n p I n- p- v. ticf {]kv A m-z-an-bpss snb am ÿm\-tø v amxr-`q-anbn \n v \n t±-in- -s Hcp t]cv hn. cmp-tkm-]m-e-nt -Xm-bn-cp- p. Nne `n -X-Iƒ ImcWw At±-l-Øns t]cv AwKo-I-cn- m Kh sa n\v Ign- n-. as mcp t]cpw thsd Ft m Imc-W-ß-fm \nc-kn- -s - -t m-gmwv F\n v B Npa-Xe G t - n-h- -Xv. cmptkm-]m-e-p-am-bp kulr-zsø AXp _m[n- ptam F v Rm `b- p. ]t, A m-z-anbpss P\-d Iu kn AwK-am-Im\pw aq v h jw lrzbw \nd klmbw \ Im\pw At±lw asn- n-. Hcp]mSv ]pxnb Bi-b-߃, \n t±-i-߃ At±lw apt m v sh -Xv- Hm p- p. aounb A m-zan P\-d Iu kn AwK-am-bn-cn-s -bmwv At±lw \sω ]ncn- - Xv. At±lw Ah-ti-jn- n- p-t]mb \ Hm a-ifpw amxr-i-ifpw hcpwimeøpw \ΩpsS {]h Ø-\-߃ v IcpØv ]I-c-s. F. ]n. B... ap-xn am[y-a-{]-h Ø-I\pw timf-anãpw ticf aounb A m-z-an-bpss ap snb am-\p-amwv tej-i. tej-is C -sabn : npindran@gmail.com

45 Bookshelf (45) New Academy Library The Sage Handbook of Risk Communication by Hyunyi Cho (Editor) Torsten Reimer (Editor) Katherine A. McComas (Editor) Publisher: SAGE Publications, Inc; 1 edition (November 13, 2014) 376 pages Price: ` 11,777 In this comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of risk communication, the field s leading experts summarize theory, current research, and practice in a range of disciplines and describe effective communication approaches for risk situations in diverse contexts, such as health, environment, science, technology, and crisis. Offering practical insights, the contributors consider risk communication in all contexts and applications interpersonal, organizational, and societal offering a wider view of risk communication than other volumes. Importantly, the handbook emphasizes the communication side of risk communication, providing integrative knowledge about the models, audiences, messages, and the media and channels necessary for effective risk communication that enables informed judgments and actions regarding risk. Editors Hyunyi Cho, Torsten Reimer, and Katherine McComas have significantly contributed to the field of risk communication with this important reference work a must-have for students, scholars, and risk and crisis communication professionals. Youth and Media by Andy Ruddock Publisher: SAGE, pages Price: ` 2,398 When societies worry about media effects, why do they focus so much on young people? Is advertising to blame for binge drinking? Do films and video games inspire school shootings? Tackling these kinds of questions, Youth and Media explains why young people are at the centre of how we understand the media. Exploring key issues in politics, technology, celebrity, advertising, gender and globalization, Andy Ruddock offers a fascinating introduction to how media define the identities and social imaginations of young people. The result is a systematic guide to how the notion of media influence works when daily life compels young people to act out their relationships through media content and technologies. Complete with helpful chapter guides, summaries and lively case studies drawn from a truly global context, Youth and Media is an engaging and accessible introduction to how the media shape our lives. This book is ideal for students of media studies, communication studies and sociology.

46 (46) A m-zan hm Ø-Iƒ \ndw ]nsn- n hm Ø-Iƒ A m-bp-kp-iƒ: a{ n ]n.-sp. tpmk^v ti-cf aounbm A m-z-anbpw CSp n {]kv _pw kwbp- -ambn {]mtz-ini am[ya {]h ØI mbn kwl-sn- n ZznZn\ ]cn-io-e\ Iymºns kam-]\ ktω-f-\-øn Pe-hn-`h a{ n ]n.-sp. tpmk^v k n- ^n- v hnxcww snøp- p. sxmsp-]pg: hm Ø-I-fpsS ]nd-hn v {Kma- -\-K-c-t`- Z-an-s pw {]mtz-ini am[ya{]h Ø-I-cmWv bym -Øn hm Ø-bpsS thcp-i-sf pw Pe-hn-`h a{ n ]n.-sp. tpmk-^v. hm Ø FhnsS P\n- p p F X AXnse kxy-k- -Xbpw IrXy-X-bp-amWv {]iv\w. ticf aounb A mzanbpw CSp n {]kv _pw kwbp- -ambn {]mtz-ini am[ya{]h Ø- I mbn kwl-sn- n ZznZn\ ]cn-io-e\ Iymºns kam-]\ ktω-f-\-øn k n-^n- v hnx-cww snbvxv kwkm-cn- p-i-bm-bn-cp p a{ n. I -hs Xm ]-cy-߃ - pdw ]m iz-h IrX kaq-l-øns bpw a\p-jym-h-im-i-߃ ewln- -s -Sp- -h-cpssbpw {]iv\-߃ Db Øn- m- msx am[y-a-߃ v imizx \ne-\n n-. \ndw ]nsn- n hm Ø-Iƒ A m-bpkpifm-sw pw a{ n tpmk^v Hm Ωn- n- p. Iymºn ]s -SpØ 50 {]mtz-ini am[ya{]h Ø- I v a{ n k n-^n- v \ In. tim -td v Xm ]-cy-ß-fpss Cc-I-fmbn amdp am[y-a-߃ kxy-øns ] Øp\n pw AIem \n _- n-x-am-ip-i-bm-sw v NS-ßn A[y w hln ticf ]{X-{]-h ØI bqwnb P\-d sk{i- dn F. ]Zva-\m-` Nq n- m- n. kmaqly {]Xn-_- -X-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn cq]wsim am[y-a-ß-fn `qcn-`m-khpw C v apx-emfn Xm ]-cy-øns {]Xn-cq-]-߃ am{x-ambn amdnbxmbpw ]Zva-\m-` Ip -s -Sp-Øn. sxmsp-]pg ap kn- snb am F. Fw. lmcnzmwv ZznZn\ ]cn-io-e-\-iym-ºns DZvLm-S\w \n -ln -Xv. ticf aounb A m-zan snb am sk Pn B Wn A[y- X hln- p. A m-zan sk{i- dn Fw.-F-kv. Aen- p- v, {]kv _v sk{i dn lmcokv apl-ω-zv, A m-zan Akn-à v sk{i dn F.-]n. kt m-jv, Iymºv tim -Hm Un-t\- F. cmtp-jv, ssj\kv am t mkv F n-h {]kw-kn- p. Iymºn F.-]n. cmtp-{µ (am[y-a-cw- KsØ [m Ωn-IX), Sn.-sI. cmp-tkm-]m (hm Ø-IfpsS ae-bmfw), B. ]m hxotzhn (am[y-a-ß-fnse kv{xo), H.-sI. apc-fo-ir-jvw (\nb-ahpw am[yaßfpw), AUz.-Un.-_n. _n\p (hnh-cm-h-imiw am[y-a-] km[y-x-iƒ) F n-h mkp-iƒ \bn- p.

47 (47) C ^ taj hip pw ticf aounb A m-z-anbpw kwbp- -ambn kwl-sn- n "Ph-l em s\lvdphpw Bkq-{XW kº-zvhy-hÿbpw' F skan-\m-dn t\mh-enãv si. F. taml\h Ω kwkm-cn- p- p. F.-F. l nw aounb A m-zan sk{i- dn ticf aounb A m-zan sk{i- -dn-bmbn C ^ ta-j ]ªnIv dnte-j kv U]yq n Ub-d-IvS F.-F. l nw Npa-X-e-tb- p. kwÿm\ dqd C ^ ta-j _yqtdm No^v Hm^o-k-dm-bn-cp- p. C ^ ta-j tim bw dop-w U]yq n Ub-d-IvS, Be- p-g, sim w, tim -bw, ]Ø-\w-Xn F n-hn- S-ß-fn Pn m C ^ ta-j Hm^o-k, Imbw-Ipfw Fw.-F-kv.-Fw. timtf-pn eivnd, hnhn[ ]{X-ß-fn k_v FUn- F o \ne-i-fn {]h Øn- n- p- v. tã v C Ãn- yq v Hm^v dqd Uh-e]v-sa v, hni-k\ ]cn-io-e\ ti{µ-߃, sf.-fw.- Pn., tim bw {]kv v F n-hn-s-ß-fn hnkn nwkv ^m n-bmwv. ticf aounb A m-zan `c-w-k-anxn snb am : sk Pn B Wn (Zo-]n-I) sshkv snb am : si. kn. cmp-tkm-]m (at\m-c-a) kanxn AwK-߃: Fw. Fkv. chn (ti-c-f-iu-ap-zn), F. cmtpjv (am-[y-aw), si. Fw. tdmbv, kn. F. taml-\ (tz-im-`n-am-\n), ]n. kppm-x, t n amxyp (Po-h Snhn), C. ]n. jmpp-±o (aw-k-fw), Fkv. _npp (Gjym-s\ v \yqkv), sndp-ic kæn eqt mkv (tic-f-i_vzw), sp. Fkv. Cµp-Ip-am (P-bvlnµv Snhn), Sn. B. a[p-ip-am (tz-im-`n-am\n hmcn-i), _npp h okv (aw-k-fw), Fw.-]n. kqcy-zmkv (amxr`qan), hn. F. kenw (am[yaw), ]n. ]n. kæn (Zo]nI), It m-s apl-ω-zv, Ub-d-IvS (]ªnIv dnte-j kv), sk{i- dn (^n\m kv Un m vsa v), sk{i dn (P\-d AUvan-\n-t{Ãj ) sk{i- dn: F. F. l ow, Akn. sk{i- dn: F. ]n. kt mjv

48 (48) temi- am[ya kzx-{ y-zn-\-tøm-s-\p-_- n v C Ãn- yq v Hm^v IΩyq-Wn-t -j kwl-sn- n NS-ßn ticf aounb A m-zan ap snb am- F. ]n. cmtp-{µ kwkm-cn- p- p. temi- am[ya kzx-{ y-zn-\-tøm-s-\p-_- n v C Ãn- yq v Hm^v IΩyq-Wn-t -j kwl-sn- n NS-ßn AUz. sk_m-ãy t]mƒ kwkm-cn- p- p. {]kn- o-i-cn pw ap ]v hm Ø-bpsS hniz-k-\o-bx Dd phcp-øww: F.-]n. cmtp-{µ Im -\msv: {]kn- o-i-cn pw ap ]v hm Ø-bpsS hniz-k-\o-bx Dd phcp-ø-w-sa v ticf aounb A m-zan ap snb- am F. ]n. cmtp-{µ ]d- p. C Ãn- yq v Hm^v IΩyq-Wn-t -js B`n-ap-Jy-Øn \S temi am[ya kzmx{ y Zn\m-tLm-j-Øn am[ya kzmx{ yw, am[ya [ Ωw F o hnj-b-ßsf Bkv]-Z-am n apjy-{]-`m-jww \S- Øp-I-bm-bn-cp p At±-lw. P\-ß-fpsS Ah-k-c-k-a-Xz-Øn-\mbn \ne-sim- pi F XmWv am[ya [ Ωw. Zp _e hn`m-k-߃ mwv {]m[m\yw \ ti- Xv. ]{X-kzm-X-{ y-sa- Xv ]{X-{]-h Ø-I-cp-tS-Xp-am-{Xa-s pw P\-ß-fp-tSXp IqSn-bm-sW pw At±lw ]d- p. ]{X-{]-h Ø\w al-xz-ap {]h Øn-bmWv. ]d-bp alxzw C pt m F v ]cntim-[n- -W-sa v AUz. sk_m-ãy t]mƒ ]d- p. ]{X-{]-h Ø-I am\p-jn-i-aqeyw ImØp-kq- n- -W-sa v Bh-iy-s At±lw kao-]-im-eøv A -cn am[ya {]h Ø- Isc A\p-kva-cn p kwkm-cn- p. sxmgn-emfn Zn\sØ Bkv]-Z-am n \S-Ønb t^mt m-{km^n a k-c-øn hnp-bn-i-fm-b-h v sk_m-ãy t]mƒ kωm-\-߃ hnx-cww snbvxp. ticf aounb A m-zan HmUn-t m-dn-b-øn kwl-sn- n NS-ßn C Ãn- yq v Hm^v IΩyq- Wn-t -j Ub-d-IvS Fw. cma-n-{µ, Akn-à v sk{i- dn F. ]n. kt m-jv, ^m n AwKw si. tla-e-x, ssj\kv am t mkv XpS-ßn-b-h ]s -Sp-Øp.

49 (49) A m-cm-jv-{s sxm-gn kw-l-s-\-bp-ss k-l-i-c-w-tøm-ss ti-c-f aoun-b A- m-z-anbpw C- y {]-hm-kn ]T-\-tI-{µhpw ti-c-f-øn-se am[y-a hn-zym - n-iƒ- m-bn ë"am-[y-a-ßfpw {]-hm-kn-ifpw' F- hn-j-b-øn kw-l-sn- n G-IZn-\ in - -im-e {]apj {]hmkn kmlnxyimc s_\yman D-Zv-LmS-\w snøp p {]hmkniƒ ticfkwkvimcønepw `mjbnepw kmlnxyønepw D m nb kzm[o\w Xncn dnbww: s_\yman {]hmkniƒ ticf kwkvimcønepw `mjbnepw kmlnxyønepw D m nb kzm[o\w Xncn dnbwsa v {]apj {]hmkn kmlnxyimc s_\yman ]d p. A m-cm-jv-{s sxm-gn kw-l- S-\-bp-sS k-l-i-c-w-tøm-ss ti-c-f aoun-b A- m-z-anbpw C- y {]-hm-kn ]T-\-tI-{µhpw ti-c-f-øn-se am[y-a hn-zym - n-iƒ- m-bn "am-[y-a-ßfpw {]-hm-kn-ifpw' F- hn-j-b-øn kw-l-sn- n G-IZn-\ in - -im-e aoun-b A- mz-an lm-fn D-Zv-LmS-\w snbvxv kw-km-cn- p-i-bm-bn-cp p At±lw. {]hmkniƒ ticføn FØn p ÛkºØns\ pdn p N Iƒ kpohamwv. F m Ah A\p`hn pû hnhn[xeßfnse {]iv\߃ am\pjni XeØn apple ImWm\pw \ap v IgnbWw. {]hm-k PohnX߃ ASbmfs SpØp Û kmlnxyirxniƒ aebmfønepw N snøs Sp p F Xv kzmkxm lamwv. tic-f-øn-se kº-zv hyh-ÿ-bn {]-hm-kn kv-{xo-i-fp-ss ]- v {i-t -b-amwv. Kƒ^nte p aebmfnifpss Hgp v Ipd p F nepw adp\m nte p IpSntb w h [n pibmsw v At±lw ]d p. {]hmkniƒ ticføns ]cºcmkx hyhÿnxnisf XI Øpsh v NSßn apple apjy {]`mjww \SØnb ap Fw.F.F. ]n.sn.ip naplωzv ]d p. ticføn \n p {]hmknifptsxn\v kam\amb AhÿbmWv Ct mƒ ticfønseøp Û A\ykwÿm\ sxmgnemfniƒ A`napJoIcn p Xv. ChtcmSv am[ya߃ Ipd piqsn am\pjni XeØn CSs]SWsa v At±lw ]d p. {]hmknifpss ]Ww am{xa, PohnXhpw Bfls\mºchpw Xncn dnbm\p {iaw IqSn th-w-sa v NSßn A y X hln A mzan snb am sk Pn B Wn ]d p. {]ap-j am-[y-a-{]-h -Ø-Icm-b ap-km-^ A-l-ΩZv, h -Ko-kv tim-in, ]n.f.fw.lm-cnkv, si.fkv.b.ta-t\m F- n-h m- p-iƒ \-bn- p. sff H {]-Xn-\n-[n ko-x i -Ω Biw-kb - n p. {]- hm-kn ]T-\-tI{µw U-b-d-Œ d-^o- v dm-hp-ø kzm-k-x-hpw A- mz-an C -kv- n- yq- v U-b-d-Œ Fw.cm-a-N- {µ N-S-ßn \-µnbpw ]d p.

50 (50) temiw I hc A t±iob am[yacwksø {]ikvxamb Im qwpisf ]cnnbs SpØpIbmWv Cu ]w nbn. amxr`qan Im qwnãmb tkm]oirjvw\mwv Ch Xncs SpØv AhXcn n p Xv. tpm sl 1954 HmKÃv 17\v hnkvtim kn-\nse HmjvtIm-jn-emWv tpm sl - P\n- -Xv apx 2013 hsc {]i-kvx-amb {Ko t_ {]kv Kk- ns FUn-t m-dn Im q-wn-ãm-bn-cp p sl. {]kv Kk- ns DS-a-ÿ-\mb K v \S-Ønb Iq ]ncn- p-hn-s-en-s\-øp-s mwv 2013 sl -dn\p tpmen \jvs-s - -Xv. {]kv Kk- n tpmen-bn {]th-in- p- - Xn\p apºv shãv s_ Uv subven \yqknse Im q-wn-ãmbpw sl tkh-\-a-\p-jvtn- n- p- v. tkm]oirjvwsâ Cþsabvð: cartoonistgopikrishnan@gmail.com Printed and Published by N. P. Santhosh, On behalf of the Secretary, Kerala Media Academy, Published from Kerala Media Academy, Kakkanad, Kochi ; Printed at Sterling Print House Pvt Ltd, Edappally; Editor: Sergy Antony

51 (51) ticf aounb A m-zan C Ãn- yq v Hm^v IΩyq-Wn-t -j hnzym n-iƒ \nb-a-k-`mk-µ i\ thf-bn apjy-a{ n DΩ Nm- n- pw a{ n si.kn tpmk-^n\pw H w

52 (52) Media Monthly June-July 2015 ` 20/- RNI Reg No. KERBIL/2000/01676