DEPARTMENTAL. Treasurer R. RAJEEVAN Principal, Govt. Girls HSS Chittoor, Palakkad. Ph :

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1 President M. RADHAKRISHNAN Principal, Govt. H.S.S, Balla East Balla P.O, Kasaragod. Ph : radhanmundayat@gmail.com Associate General Secretaries ANIL.M.GEORGE Govt. HSS, Ayroor, Pathanamthitta Ph : anilmodiyil@gmail.com DR.S.N.MAHESHBABU Govt. HSS, Nadavarambu, Thrissur. Ph : maheshoham@gmail.com Senior Vice President K.R.MANIKANDAN Principal, Govt. Giirls HSS, Thrissur. (Thrissur) Ph : manikandankollara@gmail.com Vice President M.SANTHOSHKUMAR (Kozhikode) Ph : KOSHY MATHEW (Kollam) Ph : N.PRATHAPAN (Malappuram) Ph : C.N.MURALI (Palakkad) Ph : State Secretaries P. SASIDHARAN (Kasaragod) Ph : T.VIJAYAN (Malappuram) Ph : RIYAS.M (Kozhikkod) Ph : M.V.ABHILASH (Ernakulam) Ph : P.K.PRADEEP KUMAR (Kannur) Ph : AYIRA SUNILKUMAR (Thiruvananthapuram) Ph : P.K.RAJARAJAN (Kasaragod) Ph : SANOJ.K (Kozhikkod) Ph : RAJAN THOMAS (Idukki) Ph : DANISH.T.S (Malappuram) Ph : K.K.SHAJI (Palakkad) Ph : Principal Forum Conveners ABDUL LATHEEF (Kannur) Ph : ABUBEKAR SIDDIQU (Malappuram) Ph : Vanitha Forum LOVELY JOSEPH (Convener) (Kollam). Ph : G.S. KALA (Joint Convener) (Thiruvananthapuram) Ph : Advisory Board C.JOSEKUTTY (Chairman) Kollam. Ph : R.VIJAYAN PILLAI (Convener) Kollam. Ph : P.VENUGOPAL (Academic Council Chairman) Kottayam. Ph : DEPARTMENTAL HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS ASSOCIATION (H.S.S.T.A) Recognised as per GO (MS) No. 22/2011 P & ARD Thiruvananthapuram dt STATE COMMITTEE, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM Afnan, T.C. 11/416 (1), Nanthencode, Thiruvananthapuram - 03 To k, tum.-fw.-f.-jm-z snb am, hnz-kv -k-anxn si.-c.-b.-]-cn-jv -c-ww. Treasurer R. RAJEEVAN Principal, Govt. Girls HSS Chittoor, Palakkad. Ph : rrajeevanchittur@gmail.com hnjbw : hnzym-`ymk Ah-Im-i-\n-baw 2009 ^e-{]-z-ambn \S- n-em- p- -Xn\pw {]okviqƒ apx 12- mw mkv hsc-bp hnzym-`ymkw sa -s -Sp-Øp- -Xn\pw Bh-iy-amb \n t±i-߃ ka n- p- Xv kw_- n- v. kqn\ : 1) sh_v ssk n {]kn- o-i-cn IØv. 2) {]kv C ^ ta-j _yqtdm ssk n {]kn- o-i-cn \yq C - t{k- Uv kviow t^m kviqƒ FUyq-t -j F tcj. 3) hnzym-`ymk Ah-Im-i-\n-baw 2009 kqn\ (1) {]Imcw tnmzn tnmzy-\-º (1) \v D DØcw NphsS \ Ip- p. tic-f-øn C v \ne-\n p LS-\-Xs ]n Xp-S-cp- -XmWv B`n-Im-ayw. t\gvkdn mkp-iƒ {]okviqƒ 1 apx 4 hsc mkp-iƒ temh ss{]adn 5 apx 7 hsc mkp-iƒ A ss{]adn 8 apx 10 hsc mkp-iƒ sslkviqƒ 11, 12 mkp-iƒ - lb sk dn/shmt -j-w lb sk dn Chbn Hmtcm hn`m-k-øn\pw {]txyiw {]txyiw slõp-i D m-bn-cn- -Ww. F n am{xta Ip n-i-fpss ]T-\-{]-h Ø-\-߃ icn-bmbn \S- p- pt m F v hne-bn-cp-øp- -Xn\pw Bh-iy-amb ]n p-wbpw ]T-\-km-l-N-cyhpw Hcp- p- -Xn\v km[n- p-i-bp- p. tamwn- -dnwkv kwhn-[m\w IqSp-X Imcy- -a-am- p- -Xn\v ti{µo-irxw F -Xn-\p-]-Icw hnti- {µo-i-c-w-amwv IqSp-X ^e-{]-zw. Bb-Xn-\m ss{]a-dn, sk -dn, lb sk -dn, shmt -j- W lb sk dn F n-hbv v {]txyiw {]txyiw Ub-d-t{Œ- p-iƒ cq]o-i-cn- -Ww. CXn-eqsS am{xta s]mxp-hn-zym-`ymkw kwc- n- p- -Xn\pw ]p n-s -Sp-Øp- -Xn\pw km[n- p-i-bp- q. \yq C -t{k- Uv kviow t^m kviqƒ FUyp-t -j General Secretary Dr. SABUJI VARUGHESE Principal, GHSS Sasthamkotta, Kollam. Ph : drsabujivarughese@gmail.com Xncp-h-\- -]pcw kqn\ (2) \v ti{µ- Iym_n-\ v AwKo-I-cn k m {]kv C ^ ta-j _yqtdm-bpss sh_v ssk n {]kn- o-i-cn tcj-bn ]cm-a in- n-cn- p- Xv \mfn-xp-hsc SSA,

2 RMSA, TE F aq v hn`m-k-øn-eqss \ In-bncp ti{µ-k m FbvUv apx hscbp Ime-L- -Øn GtIm-]n n v H ] -Xn-bmbn ap h j-ß-fn \ In-b-Xn 20% IqSp-X XpI \ Ip-sa pw ImWp- p. IqSmsX ap h j-ß-fn SSA, RMSA, TE F o ] -Xn-Iƒ ss{]a-dn, sk -dn, So FUyq-t j F o hn`m-k-ß-fn HXp-ßn-bn-cn- p- p. F n \yq C t{k- Uv kviow t^m kviqƒ FUyp-t -j F ] -Xn-bn {]oss{]-adn, lb sk dn F o hn`m-k-߃ p-iqsn {]mxn-\n[yw \ Ipw F v ]d- n-cn- p- p. - The vision of the scheme is to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education from nursery to senior secondary stage in accordance with the sustainable development goal for education - Main features of the scheme. IqSmsX Cu kvioan tã v Kh sa n\v Cu ] Xn \S- m- p- -Xn\v Ah-cp-tS-Xmb \ne-bn am w hcp-øp- -Xn\pw s{]mhn-j \ In-bn-cn- p- p. Impact - The scheme given flexibility to the states and UTS to plan and prioritize their interventions with in the scheme norms and the overall resources envelope available to them. kviqfn Cu ] Xn \S- n-em- p-tºmƒ {]oss{]-adn apx ko\n-b sk -dn-hsc Hcp XpS e`n- pw. Benefits - An integrated administration looking at school as a continuum. \yq C -t{k- Uv kviow t^m kviqƒ FUyp-t -j F ] -Xn-bn {]o kviqƒ apx lb sk dn hsc-bp hnhn[ L -߃ Dƒs -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p- p. ] -Xn-Iƒ \n t±-in- p-ibpw cq]o-i-cn- p-ibpw snøp-tºmƒ F m L -߃ pw e`n- -Ø coxn-bn ka-{k-ambn Bkq-{XWw snø-w-sa v \n t±-in- p- p. \mfn-xp-hsc SSA, RMSA, TE F n-ßs\ hnhn[ ] -Xn-Iƒ hnhn[ GP kn-i-fn-emwv \S- n-em- n-bxv. ]pxnb kviow A\p-k-cn v Cu GP knisf GtIm-]n- n v Hcp GP kn-bmbn am n AXn-eqsS ] Xn \S- n-em- -W-sa pw Bh-iy-s -Sp- p. SSA, RMSA, TE F o ] -Xn-I-fpsS \S-Øn- n-\m-bp GP kn-i-fpss GtIm-]\w F -Xn-\p-]-Icw sslkviqƒ l-b sk- dn GtIm-]\w F \n t±iw \yq C -t{k- Uv kviow t^m kviqƒ FUyq-t -j F tcj-bn ImWp- n-. ap h j-ß-fn 1 apx 8 hsc mkp-i-fn-te- p ] -Xn-Iƒ Bkq{XWw snøp-ibpw \S- n-em- p-ibpw snbvxxv SSA bpw 9, 10 mkp-i-fnse ] -Xn-Iƒ Bkq-{XWw snøp-ibpw \S- n-em- p-ibpw snbvxxv RMSA bpam-wv. Cu c v kvioap-i-fnepw {]o ss{]a-dntbm lb sk -dntbm Dƒs - n-cp- n-. ]pxnb kviow A\p-k-cn v Cu c v hn`m-k-߃ p-iqsn ti{µm-hn-jvirx ^ v D]-tbm-Kn- m Ign-bp- p. hnzym-`ymk Ah-Imi \nbaw 2009 hnzym-`ymk Ah-Imi \nbaw apx 8 hsc mkp-i-fnse Ip n-i-fpss ]T-\-hp-ambn _ -s Imcyß-fmWv ]cm-a in- n-cn- p- -Xv. AXn lb sk dn sslkviqƒ eb\w (G-tIm-]-\w) ]cm-a in- -s - n- n-. \mj-w FUyp-t -j t]mfnkn, 1986 \mj-w FUyp-t -j t]mfnkn, 1986 ]m v 3 ]mc-{km^v 3 NphsS ]d-bp coxn-bn {]Xn-]m-Zn- p- p. The National Education system envisages a common Educational Structure. The structure has now been accepted in all parts of the country. Regarding the further breakup of the first ten years efforts will be made to move towards an elementary system comprising 5 years of primary education and 3 years of upper primary followed by 2 years of high school. Efforts will also be made to have the plus two stage accepted as the part of school education through out the country kwÿm-\øv lb sk dn kviqfp-iƒ Bcw-`n- Xv 10- mw mkns XpS F \ne-bn-e-. 11, 12 F o mkp-iƒ Dƒs m- p lb sk dn kviqƒ F \ne-bn-emwv. Cu kviqfp-iƒ A p- m-bn-cp sslkviqƒ timºu- n, B kui-cy-ß-fn Bcw-`n- p-i-bmwv snbvx-xv. Hcp ss{]adn kviqƒ A]vt{KUv snbvxv sslkviqƒ B p-tºmƒ ss{]adn sluvam-ã-dpss t]mãv C m-xm-ip- p. F m Hcp sslkviq-fn lb sk dn A\p-h-Zn- m sluvamã-dpss XkvXnI \ -s -Sp- n-.

3 1 apx 10 hsc mkp-iƒ XpS -bm-bmwv AXn-\p-tijw Ip n-iƒ ITI, t]mfn-ss-iv\n-iv, lb sk dn, thmt -j-w lb sk dn, ssiv\n- lb sk dn XpSßn hnhn[ taj-e-i-fn-te v t]mip- p. AXmbXv 10- s XpS -b 11 F m-wv. 10- s XpS bmwv 11 F n 8 mw mkn \n v 9 mw mkn-te v Ip n amdp- -Xpt]mse 10- mw mkn ]Tn- p F m Ip n-ifpw 11- mw mkn ]Tn- -Ww. IqSmsX 11- mw mkn ]Tn- p F m Ip n-ifpw Htc hnj-b-߃ ]Tn- -Ww. F m \ne-hn ÿnxn AX-. Ip n-iƒ v 46 Hm]vj-\p-Iƒ Xncs -Sp- m-\p Ah-kcw lb sk -dn-bn-ep- v. hnzym-`ymkw I I-d v enãn-em-wv. Bb-Xn-\m \yq C -t{k- Uv kviow t^m kviqƒ FUyq-t -j F kvioans Bkq-{X-W-Øn\pw \n -l-w-øn\pw tã ns A`n-{]m-b-Øn-\p-k-cn v am w hcpømw F kvioap-ambn _ -s tcj-bn ]d-bp- p. AXp-sIm- p-x-s -bmwv sk {S kviqfp-i-fn 1 apx 8 hsc ss{]adn BIptºmƒ tic-f-øn 1 apx 7 hsc ss{]adn hnzym-`ymkamip- -Xv. 1 mw mkn AUvan-j FSp- p- -Xn\v sk {S kviqfn 6 hbkpw ticf kviqfn 5 hb-kp-am-ip- -Xv. C ybn ]mt -WmWv \ne-\n p- Xv F v {io.-ip- m-en- p n Fw.-]n.-bpsS tnmzy-øn\v adp-]-snbmbn temi-k-`-bn _lp.am\-h-hn-`-h-ti-jn-h-ip v a{ n {io.-{]-imiv PmhvtZ- adp-]sn \ In. CXn \n v C ybnse hnzym-`ym-k-coxn 12+3 A F v hy -am-wv. AXm-bXv lb sk dn ssl-kviqƒ eb\w Fßpw N -snø-s - n- n-. C y-bn hnhn[ kwÿm-\-ß-fn lb sk -dn v {]txyi t_m Up-I-tfm, {]txyi Ub-d-t{Œ- p-itfm \ne-hn-ep- v. Nne DZm-l-c-W-߃ sxep- m\ t_m Uv Hm^v C aoun-tb v FUyq-t -j. Un m vsa v Hm^v {]o bqwn-th-gvkn n FUyp-t -j, I Æm-S-I. shãv _wkmƒ Iu kn Hm^v lb sk dn FUyp-t -j. Bmw lb sk dn FUyp-t -j Iu kn. t_m Uv Hm^v C ao-un-tb v FUyp-t -j, B{ -{]-tz-iv. Iu kn Hm^v lb sk dn FUyp-t -j, HmUo-j. 1 apx 12 hsc Hcp AUvan-\n-kvt{S-js Iogn-emWv hcp- -sx- n Ah-km\w \ne-hn h sxep- m-\- kwÿm-\øv {]txyi lb sk dn t_m Uv cq]o-i-cn p F Xv Nn n-t - -Xm-Wv. BapJw lb sk dn Ub-d-Ivt{S v \ne-\n t Xns Bh-iy-IX s]mxp-hn-zym-`ym-kcwkøv G hpw P\-Io-b-ambpw hnizm-ky-x-tbm-sp-iq-snbpw \ne-\n p hn`m-k-am-wv C v lb sk -dn. kaq-l-øns F m Xpd-I-fnepw D -h IS- p-t]m-ip HtcHcp hnzym-`ym-k-ta-je F p-iqsn CXns\ AS-bm-f-s -Sp-Ømw. Ip n-i-fpss A -S- -Ønepw ]T-\-\n-e-hm-c-Ønepw XpS p-h-cp KpW-ta- -bm-wn-xn\v {][m-\-im-c-ww. Iptd-tbsd i n-s -Sp-tØ- -Xp-s - nepw CXn-t mgpw Zp _-e-a F v D]-cn-]-T-\-Øn-te pw ]co- -I-fn-te pw IS- p-t]m-ip hnzym n-i-f-xns\ km y-s -Sp-Øp- p. lb sk dn taj-e-bn A FbvUUv ÿm]-\-߃ i n {]m]n- m-øxpw CXns ta -sb- p-xs Dd- n- mw. Cu {]mb-øn\v \ ti {]txyi ]cn-k-w\ Sot\-Pns Cu kp{]-[m\ L -Øn-ep Cu hnzym n-iƒ v kmaq-ly-co-xn- -\p-k-cn- p Adnhv e`y-am-ti- -Xp- v. F mƒ Ah-cpsS am\-kni imco-cni hf -Isf a\-n-em- n-bp A -S- -co-xn-ifpw s]cp-am- hpw e`yam-sb- n am{xta ]T-\m-\p-`-h-ß-fn-eqsS Cu Adnhp \n ΩmWw apt -dp-i-bp- q. Ct m-gp kwhn-[m-\-øn Ip n-isf ]mty-]m-tty-x-c-{]-h Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS \bn- p-hm C{Xbpw tbmky-x-bp Hcp-Iq w A ym-]-i `Ø-{i- ycm-wv F p Xn\m-emWv CXv km[y-am-ip- -Xv. Ahsc ]Tn- n- p A[ym-]-I-cn-eqsS CsX mw km[y-am-hp-i-bp- q. sndnb Hcp {Km v c v mp-iƒ (XI & XII) F Xpw CXn {]m[m-\y-a ln- p- p- v. AXXv mn ]Tn- n- pi A[ym-]-I-cn-eqsS am{xta hnzym n-i-fpss ]mty-]m-tty-xc A -co w \ne-\n Øp-hm Ign-bq. bqwn-th-gvkn n hnzym-`ym-k-øns Bcw`w CXv bqwn-th-gvkn n hnzym-`ym-k-øns IhmSw Bb-Xn-\m ssk m- ni ASn-Ød hfsc {][m-\-am-wv. IqSmsX hnj-b-øn Bg-Øn-ep ]T\w Fßs\ km[y-amipw F pw AØ-c-Øn ]T-\-{]-{In-bsb Gßs\ apt m- psim- p-t]mipw F pw Ah ]Tn-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. tic-fw-t]mse temiw apgp-h tpmen txsn-t m-ip Hcp

4 kaq-l-øn\v CXv AXy- m-t]- n-xhpw BWv. A tz-iob \ne-hm-c-øn-te v FØn- p-hm C\nbpw CXns\ sa s -Sp-ØpIbpw sntø- -Xp- v. bqwn-th-gvkn- n-i-fpss klm-b-tøm-ssbpw hnj-b-kw-_- n-bmb IqSp-X Adnhv t\sm- \p hgn-isf ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Ønbpw Cusbmcp e y-øn-te v Cu {Kq ns\ hf tø- -Xp- v. Board of Studies ÿm]nt - Xpw D v. Imen-I-ambn ]cn-jv -cn- p-hm A msx km[n- n-. KpW-ta \ne-\n Øp-hm hnti-{µo-i-cww Xs -bmwv IqSp-X ^e-{]-zw. bqwn-th-gvkn- n-bn \n v lb sk dn F sndnb {Kq ns\ am n Ign 28 h j-ambn \S-Øp Cu coxn hnp-b-i-c-sa v sxfn- -Xm-W-t m. hnti-{µo-i-c-w-am-bn-cp- t m CXns ASn-ÿm-\w. KpW-ta Dd- p-h-cp-øm kviqƒ hnzym-`ym-k-ønse t]mcm-bvasb ]cn-l-cn- p-hm ss{]adn hnzym-`ym-ksø as mcp Un m p-sa n\v Iognem- p-i-bm-sw- n IqSp-X ]T\w Dd- p-h-cp-øp-hm km[n- p-i-xs snøpw. ss{]a-dn, sk -dn, lb sk dn F o aq v Un m vsa p-i-fmbn Xncn v hfsc {i -tbmss {]h Ø\w apt m v sim p-t]m-bm \ΩpsS hcpw Xeap-dsb A m-cmjv{s \ne-hm-c-øn-s\møv Db Øp-hm Ign-bp- -Xm-Wv. hnj-b-ssh-hn yw C{Xbpw hnjb sshhn- y-tømss as mcp cmpyøpw Hcp-]t lb sk dn hnzym-`ymkw D m-h-w-sa n. C{X-b-[nIw hnj-b-߃ ]Tn hnzym n-iƒ kaq-l-øn\v hen-sbmcp _ew Xs -bm-wv. GXm v Hcp bqwn-th-gvkn nbn D n-s-tømfw hnj-b-ßsf Cu hn`m-khpw ssiimcyw snøp p F -Xv CXns {]uvn-x-s -bm-wv. D]-cn-]-T-\-Øns ka-kvx-ta-j-e-bn-te pw D hnzym n-isf \mw Hmtcm-h jhpw ssi]n-sn pbp Øp- p v. GI-Pm-eIw GI-Pm-eIw t]mep tkm^v v shb klm-b-tømss Cu ]T-\-ssh-hn-[ysØ kpxm-cy-ambpw {]m]yx D -Xmbpw Xnc-s -Sp- m Htc-t]mse Ah-kcw \ In-s m v XpS-cp-hm Ign-bp- p- v. Hm^okv kwhn-[m-\-an-s - nepw CØcw kwhn-[m-\-ß-fn-eqss bmsxmcp Xmf- n-g-bp-an- msx CXn pw hnp-b-i-c-ambn apt -dp-i-bm-wv. {]iv\-]-cn-lm-c-øn\v Ccp- ]Xv h jw th nh p. BZyw ]Øp-]-Xn-\ v h j-tømfw ]e-hn-[-{]-iv\-߃ D m-bn-cp-s - nepw se {]n kn- mƒ \nb-a-\-øneqss Ah ]expw ka -ambn ]cn-l-cn- p-hm\pw km[n- p. Hcp Hm^okv kwhn-[m-\-hpw-iqsn \ pibmwv F n hfsc i -amb Hcp Un m vsa mbn CXv amdp-ibpw snøpw. LS-\m-]-c-amb am w hcp-i-bm-sw- n C\n-bmWv ]ehn[ `c-w-\n -lw {]iv\-ßfpw D m-hp-i. ]co- -I-fpsS Kuchw Hcp-h jw HmƒUv kviow AS w GXm v 300 Hmfw s]mxp-]-co- -I-fmWv Cu Un m vsa v \S-Øp- -Xv F Xv CXns\ thsd Un m vsa mbn ImtW- -Xns hen-sbmcp Imc-W-am-Wv. C y-bn as mcp kwÿm-\øpw C{Xbpw hnj-b-߃ ]Tn- m \ Ip lb sk dn hn`m-k-an-. AXn-\m Xs ChnsS CXv Hcp Un m vsa mbnxs \ne-\n t - -Xv Hcp A\n-hm-cy-X-bmbn amdp- p. ]mtty-x-c-{]-h Ø-\-ß-fpsS Hu Xyw Ign Iptd h j-ß-fmbn F.-F-kv.-F-kv. AS- -ap ]e coxn-bn-eq-tsbpw ]mtty-xc {]h Ø-\-Øn ssih- n- p A`q-X-]q -amb hf bqwn-th-gvkn- n-sbt]mepw AXn-i-bn- n- p- -Xm-Wv. CXn-\p-Im-cWw sndnb bqwn- mbn CXv \ne-\n- -Xn-\m-em-Wv. cmpy-øn\pxs amxr-im-]-c-amb {]h Ø-\-am-Wn-Xn-eqsS \S-Øp- -Xv. ho pw Db-cm-hp k okv {]iv\-߃ XpS v hcm-sa- p k okv {]iv\-ßfpw tikp-ifpw ho pw lb sk dn taj-e-tbbpw Iep-jn-X-am- pw. Hcp ]Øp-h jsa nepw th n-hcpw CØcw {]iv\-߃ Ah-km-\n- n v Imcy-߃ t\sc B p-hm. Kh sa n\v D m-im-hp _m[yx F m kviqfn-te pw lb sk dn hym]n- n- p-hm-\p kω ±-߃ Gdp-Ibpw AXv Kh sa n\v henb _m[yx Bbn amdp-ibpw snøpw. CØcw tikp-iƒ Zn\w-{]Xn h n- p-ibpw snøpw.

5 ti{µ-k-h sa v tcj-iƒ ti{µ-k-h sa ns IΩo-j dnt m p-ifpw NCF 2003 AS- -ap tcj-ifpw icn-h-bv p- Xv ]mt BWv. ^ nwmv am{xw -2 apx +2 hsc IW- m n Ft ]d-bp- p- q. AXv ChnsS hn`-pn v \ Im-hp- -tx-bp- q. C{X-b-[nIw hnjbw ]Tn- n- p XI, XII mp-i-fn IqSp-X ^ v D]-tbm-Kn- m am{xta AXns KpW-ta h n- n- p-hm km[n- q. em_p-i-fpss LS-\-am{Xw Btem-Nn- m axn AXns Kuchw Xncn- -dn-bm IqSmsX Cu Aº-tXmfw hnj-b-߃ v t{]mp-œp-ifpw ^ p-ifpw A\p-h-Zn-t - n-h-cpw. shdpw 10 hnj-b-߃ D n- SØpw C{X hnj-b-߃ D n-søpw kam-\-co-xn-bn ^ v hn\n-tbm-kn- n v Dt±-in- p KpW-^ew In p-i-bn-. lb sk -dn-bpss hnizm-kyx lb sk -dn-bn-te v CBSE/ICSE kviqfp-i-fn \n v [mcmfw hnzym n-iƒ h p tncp- p- v. CXv kwÿm-\-hn-zym-`ymk ani-hn\v In p s]m Xq-h-emWv. ]e LS-I-ßfpw \ne-\n Øp-hm Ign-bp- Xpw Hs CXn\v Imc-W-am-Ip- p. IAS Ub-d-Œdpw {]txyi Un m p-sa pw Hs CXn henb LS-I-ß-fmbn \ne-\n p- p- v. ]pxnb m v, ]yq. kviqfn-t\msv GIo-I-cn- mepw 70% kviqfp-i-fnepw ]pxnb m v, ]yq Ch Bh-iy-ambn hcpw. AØcw t]mãnwkv lb sk -dn-bn \S-Øn-bm Xocm-hp {]Xn-k- nsb Ct m-gp- q. NSQF NSQF Hmtcm Cb-dnepw {]txyiw \ Ip s{sbn-\nw-kp-iƒ Bb-Xn-\m GXv lb sk dn hgnbpw hnzym n-iƒ v ]cn-io-e\w \ Im-hp- -tx-bp- p. am{x-a AXns ]q Øo-I-cWw Un{Kn mknse km[y-am-ip- - Xp-ap- q. lb sk -dntb im o-i-cn- p- -Xn\v kzoi-cn-t \n t±-i-߃ 1) e IΩ n dnt m nse ip]m i-iƒ \S- n-em- p-i. a) 5 h jw k okv ]q Øo-I-cn F m HSST (Jr.) am pw D]m-[n-c-ln-X-ambn HSST amcmbn ÿm\- -b w \ Ip-I. b) lb sk dn kviqƒ {]n kn- m-fns tpmen-`mcw Ipd-bv p-i. So nwkv tpmen BgvN-bn 5 ]oco-umbn ]cnan-x-s -Sp-Øp-I. {]n kn- m-fns Hm^o-kn m v, ]yq, ao\n-b F o XkvXn-I-Iƒ kr n v DtZym-K-ÿsc \nb-an- p-i. 2) kqfn sse{_-td-dn-bs\ \nb-an- p-i. 3) lb sk dn v Pn m Hm^o-kp-Iƒ Bcw-`n- p-i. \ne-hnse lb sk dn taje D]-U-b-d-Œ v c v Pn - I-fpsS Nm v BWv D -Xv. c p Pn -I-fnse lb sk dn A ym-]-i-cp-ssbpw hnzym n-i-fp-ssbpw A m- Z-an-Ihpw `c-w-]-c-hp-amb ta t\m w hln- p- p. CXv ]q Æ-ambn \n -ln- p- -Xn\v Hcmƒ v Ign-bp-I-bn-. Bb-Xn-\m Hmtcm Pn -bnepw lb sk -dn v Pn m Hm^o-kp-Iƒ Bcw-`n- -Ww. tum.km_ppn hdp-kokv Xncp-h-\- -]pcw P\-d sk{i- dn, HSSTA