GEORGIAN MIRROR. The Journal of Indian Orthodoxy C O N T E N T S. 35 ImtXm-en-t äv ixm_vzn ssçlni ]mc-¼cyw \ne-\nà Ww: ]cn-ip² _mh

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1 Cover FEATURE GEORGIAN MIRROR The Journal of Indian Orthodoxy 2012 C O N T E N T S OCTOBER - DECEMBER ]cn-ip² k`: Xncp-h-N\þNcn{X hni-i-e\w l ^m. hnõ³ amxyp, t_knâ Zbd ae- ck`bnse sshzn-i-ta-e-²y- -]Zhn: ImtXm-en-t -änsâ ixm-_vzn-th-f-bnâ Hc-t\z-jWw l ]n. -txm-a-kv, ]ndhw ] -c-am-äpå ImtXm-en-t äv H p am{xw l si.-hn. am½³ tim«-  ae- -c-k` ImtXm-en-t äv ixm_vzn \nd-hnâ l tum. s_ n Iqc-em ae- -c-k`: `mhn-zài\w 35 ImtXm-en-t äv ixm_vzn ssçlni ]mc-¼cyw \ne-\nà Ww: ]cn-ip² _mh l ]n.-f. Ae-Ivkm- À saât m aâ oktz- nsâ {Ia-{]-Im-c-apÅ {InkvXp]mc-¼cyw l ^m. tum. txmwk tdm_n Iq\³Ip-cn-insâ a nâ l kt m-j- ³ a«m-t cn hnizmk kxy- Ä hn. IpÀ_m-\-bnse [q]-{]mà -\-IÄ l s{]m^. txmakv ]n. hà okv ssi ncn a pw Ip n-cn- hpw l ^m. tum. si. Fw. tpmàöv \{kmwn ]T\w \{kmwn F tziob kzxzt_m[w l tum. Fw. Ipcy³ txmakv PmeIw k`m Ncn-{X-{]-th-inI: Ime- nsâ kqn-\-iä l t]mä aw-enâ k`m-pohnxw DtZymKwþhnizmkwþk`mPohnXw l tum. hàkokv ]n. ]p qkv, Fw.-Un. ae- -c-k`: `mhn-zài\w ae- c \{km-wn-iä aq mw kl-{km-_vz n-\-cn-si... l AeIvkv Ipcy³ Women Woman, Nature & the Church l Dr. Saramma Varghese 41 HmÀ -tumivkn k` G-Iw, hn-ip²w, Im-tXm-enIw, A-t m-kv-txmeniw l tum. bqlm-t\m³ amà Zn-b-kv-tIm-tdm-kv sa{xm-t m-eo kvac-wm-rvpen Orthodoxy in China. The Holy Martyrs of China 47 sf Ie sf -Wp-I-fpsS sszhni kuµcyw l tpmàpv tpmk^v C - m-«nâ 31 hn. a{io\: Fsâ henb Bcm-[-\m-]m{Xw l tum. ]utemkv amà {KotKm-dn-tbmkv amà ]t m-an-tbmkv: Icp-W-bpsS häm Dd-hnSw l amxyqkv amà txthmtzmkntbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo 50 Letters `mhn-zài\w tdmanse k`-sb- p-dn- på ]utem-knsâ km yw l ^m. tum.- Sn.-sP. tpmjz kss`iyw tbip-hn-sâ c- mwh-c-hpw kss`-iy-hpw l A½nWn amxyp aounb k`bpw aoun-bbpw l tum. tpmàpv hàkokv 43 thz-hn-nmcw hnizm-k- mepw {]hr n-bmepw am{xw c - t\-sptam? l ^m. tum. Ipcymt mkv X n-t m«v Øe-]-cn-anXn ImcWw Nne ]wàn-iä Cu e - nâ DÄs - Sp- m³ km[n- n-«n-ã. IhÀ: \nsâ IqSm-c- nsâ Øes hnim-e-am- pi; \nsâ \nhm-k- -fpss Xnc-Èo-e-Isf AhÀ \nhnà- s«; XSp- p-i-f-b-cpxv; \nsâ Ibdp-Isf \o«pi; \nsâ Ipän-Isf Dd- n- pi. \o CS-t m«pw he-t m«pw ]c pw. (sbi. 54:2, 3) (The external boundaries of India as depicted are neither accurate nor authentic. ) FUn-äÀ 3

2 ae- -c-bpss kxy-zài\w ]p.4 e w 4 To fight for the MOST HOLY FAITH that God has once for all entrusted to His Saints (St. Jude 3,20) MISSION STATEMENT hnip-²- mà v Hcn- -em-bn«v `c-taâ]n- n-cn- p AXn-hn-ip² hnizmk n\p th n t]mcmts- -Xn-\v (hn. bqzm 3,20) c m-[n-im-cntum. bmt m_v amà sftd-\n-tbmkv No^v FUn-äÀ ^m. si.-ssh. Nmt m FUn-äÀ kn. hn. _ -an³ amt\-pnwkv FUn-äÀ kpp kn. Um\n-b FIvkn-Iyp-«ohv FUn-äÀ ]n. F. Ae-Ivkm- À timþ-hmàun-t\än v FUn-äÀ AUz. hàkokv ]n. txmakv {]q^v FUnä-À kn.hn. tkmf-a³ t^mt«m FUn-äÀ G{_lmw Xc-I³ amà -änwkv amt\-pà ]n. sf. _m_p kà p-te-j³ amt\-pà ]n. Fw. ]oäà Iyms¼bn³ amt\-pà tpmàpv hàko-kv ss^\m³kv amt\-pà tp _v Um\n-tb ]n. t{]m{kmw amt\-pà AUz. ]n. kn. Nmt m FUn-täm-dn-b t_màuv ^m. tum. Ipcym-t mkv X n-t m«v, amxyp Ae-Ivkm- À, s{]m^. txmakv ]n. hàkokv, ]n.-f. tpmàpv AssUz-kdn t_màuv ^m. sska tpmk-^v, _m_p kn. tpmàpv, eoem½ Ipcy³, td  em_n, C.-Fw. F{_-lmw, Pn. _m_p- p-«n, si.-sp. inhpn ssiv\n-  I kä«â v amxyq B³{Uqkv Georgian Mirror is published trimonthly by St. George Orthodox Valiyapally, Palarivattom, Kochi-25. All rights reserved. Reproduction in any manner without permission is prohibited. Printed and Published by: Mathew Alexander for St. George Orthodox Valiyapally, Palarivattom, Kochi Editor : C.V. Benjamin, Responsible for selection of news under the PRB Act Editorial Office: Georgian Mirror, St. George Orthodox Valiyapally Palarivattom, Kochi Phone: gmirror2009@yahoo.com Chief Editor: frchackoky@gmail.com Editor: Church Website: Church Office sgovpp@gmail.com Printed at Viani Printings, Lisie Hospital Road, Kochi Phone: FUn-täm-dnb CSt m«pw he-t m«pw ]c- p Hcp ZÀi\w temi-sa-¼m-sp-apå ae- -c-k`m a Ä v CXv BËm- Z- nsâ Zn\- -fmwv. Bßob timf-\n-bm-bn- oà ae- -cbpss kzmx-{ y- nte på NphS- ps- h nsâ ixm_vzn k`b- n- se pw sim ms- pt- ¼mÄ kzmx-{ y- n-\p-th- n-bpå Xe-ap-d-I-fpsS t]mcm-«- nsâ Ncn{Xw hà n- m-\mwv Xp\n-ª -sx- n-epw, k`-bpss `mhnzài-\-am-bn- oà Xv sszh\n-tbmkamwv. C v \½psS Xe-ap-dbv v Hcp ZÀi\w thww IqSm-c- nsâ Øew hnim-e-am- p- -Xn-\pÅ Hcp ZÀi\w (sbi.54: 2,3) hnâk A ³, ]n. txma-kv, tpmjz A ³ XpS- nb {]Xn-`m-im-en-I-fmb Fgp- p-imà ImtXm-en-t -än-sâbpw k`-bpss `mhn-zài-\- n-sâbpw Cu e - nâ AWn-\n-c- p- p. hnâk A sâ "]cnip-²-k`-bpss Xncp-h-N\ þ Ncn{X hni-i-e-\-hpw,' ]n. txma-knsâ "sshzni tae-²y ]Z-hn-bn-te- på At\z-j- Whpw' Ncn-{X- nsâ \mähgn-bn-eqss hmb-\- msc Iq«n-s m- p-t]m-ip- p. Hcp a\p-jysâ a\-ênse Nn -IÄ kq vaambn ]cntim-[n- mâ, `mhn-sb- än-bpå Nn -I-fn-em-bn-cn- pw, AbmÄ IqSp-X kabw Nne-h-gn- n-«p-å-sx v Fta-gvk³ ]d-ª n-«p- v. `qx-im-e v kw`-hn- -sxãmw C n-te v \s½ sims - n- p- -Xn-\m-bn-cp p. \mfsb Icp- n-sn- n- p- -Xn\v \ap v e`n- n-cn- p Ah-k-c-am-Wn- v. tum. hà- okv ]n. ]p q-kn-sâbpw AeIvkv Ipcy-sâbpw tej-\- Ä \mf-sb än-bpå k`-bpss kz]v\ -fm-wv. aoun-b-sb- p-dn v Kuc-h-amb Hcp NÀ k`-bnâ \S-t Ime-am-bn-cn- p- p. bph-x-e-apd B[p-\nI am[y-a- -fn-te v Nph-Sp-h-bv p-t¼mä k`bv v Ch-cn-te-s - p- -Xn\v ]pxnb aounb D]-tbm-Kn- msx Xc-an-Ã. ià-amb Hcp aounbmt]mfn-kn v k` cq]w \ÂIp- -Xn\v {]kmà `m-c-xn-bpss Npa-Xe hln- p-, tum. tpmàpv hàko-knsâ tej\w CS-bm- p-sa p {]Xym-in- mw. {]kn² sszh-im-kv{x-ú-\mb si.-fw. tpmàp- sâ "a pw Ip n-cn- hpw' hm n-t m-b-h-sc- p-dn- på HmÀ -tumivkv hnizm-k- nsâ \nzài-\-am-wv. acww aqew Xm m-en-iambn thàs]-«mepw {Zh-XzapÅ icocw cq]m- -c-s «p Bßm-hn-t\mSp ho pw IqSn-t cpw F HmÀ -tumivkv ImgvN- msv A ³ hni- Z-am- p p. ]pcp-j- màs m w kv{xoifpw CS-hI kan-xn-i-fnâ {]hà n- p- -Xn\v k` A\p-h-Zn- p- p. F mâ CXv th -hn[w {]tbm-p-\-s -Sp- m³ kv{xoiä apt m-«p-h-cp- n-sã p tum. kmdm½ hà okv Nq n- m-wn- p- p. HmÀ -tumivkv hnizm-k-s - p-dn- på Hcp tej\]c-¼c Cu e w apxâ Bcw-`n- p- p. tum. bqlm-t\m³ amà Znb-kvtIm-tdmkv Xncp-ta\n Fgp-Xp Cu ]c-¼c hmb-\- mà v Gähpw {]tbm-p-\-i-c-am-ipsa p Icp-Xp- p. \hw-_à 25 \p ImtXm-en-t -änsâ ixm_vzn alm-kw-kaw sim n-bnâ \S - p - p. k`b- pss Cu henb IqSnh- c- hv F ps- Im pw {]m[m\- ya- Àln - p - XmW- v. k` Icp- màön v apt m-«p-t]m-ip- -Xn\v Cu kt½-f\w apjm- -c-am-is«f p {]mà n- p-sim v k`sb kvt\ln- p GhÀ p-ambn Cu {]txyi e w kaà n- p- p. {InkvXp-tb-ip-hn \n -fpss Chasing the past, I stumbled into the future. - T.A. Sachs si.-ssh. Nmt m A ³

3 kss`iyw ]cn-ip² k`: Xncp-h-N\þNcn{X hni-i-e\w ^m. hnõ³ amxyp, t_knâ Zbd Dt]m-ZvLmXw ]cn-ip² k`-bpss Ncn{Xw Imem-Xo-X-amb hkvxpx-bm- Wv. hnip² {XnXz- nsâ GI-Xz-`m-h- nâ k`-bpss hfà -bpw kwth-z-\hpw DÄs m- n-cn- p- p. ]mgpw iq\yhp-am-bn, shå- mâ aqs-s «p InS `qan-bnâ sszh- nsâ Bßmhv ]cn-hà n p F p-åxv `qan-bnâ Øm]n- X-am-Ip-hm-\pÅ ]cn-ip² k`-bpss ap³ kqn-\-bm-bn-cp- p. "shfn- -ap- m-is«' F sszh-kzcw temis {]Im-in- n- p- hm\på ZuXy-hp-ambn Øm]n-X-amb ]cn-ip² k`-bpss {]Xo-ImßI hni-i-e-\-am-bn-cp- p. shfn w apxâ a\p-jy-krjvsn hscbpå {Iao-Ir-X-amb apt -ä- nâ, k`-bpss ZuXyw, e yw, kwth-z\w BZn-bm-b-h-sbÃmw DÄs -«n-cp- p. Npcp- - nâ, ]cnip² k`-sb kxy-hpw, k -bpw, kzxzhpw A\m-Zn-bmb Hcp bmymà y- nsâ hni-i-e-\s kqnn- n- p- p. k`m k ev]w : ]gb-\n-b-a -þ- ]p-xn-b-\n-ba ImgvN- m-snâ GZ³tXm-«- nâ ]mz- Ä Nen- n v sszh-t m-ssm- på Xmfm-ß-I-amb Ne-\w, \nàt±-i- Ä ]men- p-hm-\på Blzm\w BZn-bm-bh btlm-h-bmb sszhw BZn-a-\p-jyÀ v \ÂIn-bncp p. ]cn-ip² k`-bpss Nn«-bm-bpÅ \njvt-i-fpw, A\p-jvTm-\- -fp-apäs m-åp LS\m-]-c-amb Hcp `mh-amwv CXn-eqsS ZÀin- m-hp- -Xv. km msâ NSp-e-amb {]th-i-\-hpw, BIÀj- Wob `mh- fpw ]cn-ip² k`sb kw_-ôn- n-s-t mfw thz-hn- ]-co-x- -fp-ssbpw ZpÀhym-Jym-\- -fp-ss-bpw PUn-IX-I- -fp-ssbpw {]Xo-I- -fm-wv. GZ-\nse ]X-\w, kxy-hn-izmkw \jvs-s -Sp- - Xnsâ `oxn-z-amb Nn{X-am-Wv. GZ-\nse \njvim-k-\w kxyhn-izmk-hpw, Bcm-[-\m-\p-`-h-hpw, B²ym-ßnI k bpw \jvs-s «v Dgep -Xnsâ {]Xo-I-am-Wv. ""Rm³ \ns ImWn- m-\n-cn- p tzi-t p t]mi'' F v A{_-lm-an\p e`n sszh-hnfn ]cn-ip² k`-bpss k -bn-te- på DÄhn-fn-bm-Wv. kàæhpw hn«v sszh-hn-fn v hnt[-b-am-bn, sszhoi {]Im-is ]n³]än bm{x-snbvx XoÀ m-s-i-cmbn A{_-lmapw IqsS-bp-Å-hcpw amä-s -«p. "I p I n-«n-ãm-, snhn ti«n-«n-ãm-, Hcp a\p-jy-sâbpw lrz-b- nâ txm m B²ym-ßn-Im-\p-`qXn ]cn-ip² k`m a -fpss Ah-Im-i-am-Wv. hr w-\«v Bcm-[\ Ign- p Xew XpS- n, tlmabmkw, l\- \bm-kw, AIr-Xy-bm-Kw, ]m\o-b-bmkw XpS n _ena\p-jvtm-\- -fpss tizm-c-ambn k`m-xew amä-s -Sp- p. ]g-b-\n-ba k`m \uisb Ae- -cn- p-hm³ ]ptcm-ln-x- mcpw \nb-an-x-cm-bn. k`m Ncn-{X-hpw, k`mpohn-xhpw sszh- mâ Xnc-sª -Sp- -s «P\- hn-`m-k-t msv _Ô-s «v Adn-b-s -Sp-hm-\pw, hni-zo-i-cn- -s -Sphm\pw CS-bm-bn. k oà \]pkvx-i- -fnse k`mk Â]w, "btlm-h-bpss IqSmcw', "\oxn-am- m-cpss IqSmcw' BZn-bmb kwko-xm-ßi {]tbm-k- -fn-eq-ss-bmwv shfn-hm-ip- -Xv. Úm\nbmb item-tam³ thàs]-sp- m-\m-hm Znhy-kvt\-l-hp-ambn _Ô-s -Sp n k`mpohn-xs hymjym-\n- p- p. {]nb-\mbn Pohn- p I\y-I-bpsS Xcfn-X-`m-h- Ä k`mpohn-x- nâ At±lw ZÀin- p- p. henb {]hm-n-i- mà, k`m-po-hn-x- n\v kl-\-x-bpss Zo]vX-`mhw \ÂIn Ae- -cn- p- p. sndnb {]hm-n- I- mà (]nâ me {]h-n\{kù- Ä) am\-km- -cw, ]Ým- m- ]w, Bß-k-aÀ Ww BZn-bm-b-h-bn-eqsS k`m-\p-`hs hni-ie\w snbvxp. ]pxn-b-\n-b-a- nâ IÀ m-hnsâ ico-cw, aw-hm-«n, A\p-KrloX ap n-cn-t m«w XpS- nb {]tbmk Ä k`mpohn-xs {]Xn-_nw-_n- n p- p. D v, shfn w F o D]-am-\- -fn-eqss ]cnip² k`-bpss ZuXys \½psS IÀ mhv D±o-]n- n- p- p. anj- \dn bm{x-i-fn-eqss k`-bpss hfà sb XzcnX-s -Sp- nb hn. ]utem-knsâ ZÀi-\-hpw Pohn-Xhpw GhÀ pw amxr-i-bm-wv. skln-tbm³ amfn-i-bnse ]cn-ip-²mß Bhm-kw, ]cn-ip² k`bpss hfà -bpss \qx\l«-am-wv. ]ou-\- -fn-eqss hfà k`bpss Ncn-{X-amWv CXnse ImX-emb hkvxp-x. kvt\lm-[njvtnx `mh- sf timà n-w- p sszho-i-kp-hn-ti-j- n-eqss hn. tbml- m³ Xsâ Xncp-k`m k -ev]w shfn-hm- p- p. Gjymssa-\-dnse Ggp k`-i-fpss B²ym-ßnI ho -W- n-eq-ss, k`bpss DZ-bw, hfà, ]ou-\w, {]Xymi BZn-bmb LS-I- sf shfn-]msp ]pkvx-i- nâ hymjym-\n- p- p. ]cn-ip² k`: temi- nsâ hnhn[ `mk- -fn-te v ""...-sb-lq-zy-bn-epw. ia-cy-bnepw XpS n temi- nsâ Aä-t mfw km n-i-fm-ip-hn³'' F IÀ r-iâ \ inckm-h-ln p IÀ r-in-jy- mà A`n-am-\-t mss IÀ mhnsâ kphn-tijw {]N-cn- n- p. Pze-\-ti-jn-bpÅ GXp hmx-i-t - mfpw AXn-th-K-X-bn IÀ r-kp-hn-tijw ]SÀ p hym]n- p. apdn- p-am-ä-s «inc-êp-ifpw aä-h-b-h- - fpw I_-Ô- fpw Cu hym]-\- nsâ ad-hnse AZr-iy-i-àn-I-fmbn-cp- p. Zcn-{Z\v {]Xym-i-bm-bpw, k¼- \v `bw Pzen n- p Blzm-\-ambpw Acn-jvS\v km z-\-ambpw Cu kphn-tijw {]Ncn- p. {Ko v þ tdma³ XXz-im-kv{X- -fnse cl-kym-ßi Úm\- hpw, iànbpw Bi-b-hpw, Bth-i-hp-ambn {]I-S-`m-h- nâ {InkvXob kphn-tijw F n-t À p. PmXn-IÄ v Bth-i-hpw, ]WvUn-XÀ v ]mwvun-xy-hpw, Úm\n-IÄ v Úm\-hp-ambn CXv ]cn-w-an- p. {InkvXp-hnsâ càkm- n-xz-hpw, XpSÀ p- mb ]ou-\- fpw k`-bpss hfà bv v B w-iq-«n. temi- nsâ hnhn[ `mk- -fn-te v hym]n Cu kphn-tijw hn. txmam-ço-lmbn-eqss C y-bn-ep-sa- n. `mc-x- nse ss{ikvxh k`: DZv`-hhpw hfà bpw F.-Un. 52  hn. txmakv At m-kvtxm-e³ `mc-x- n-se n F mwv ]c-s -bpå hnizm-kw. At±-l- nsâ C y-bnse {]hà -\- -fpw, kphn-ti-j-tlm-jwhpw Acta Thoma (Acts of Judas Thomas) F As m-{io-^ {KÙ- nâ hni-zo-i-cn- n-«p- v. hn. At{]-an-s\-t m-se-bpå ]nxm- - mà CXv Imhym-ß-I-XtbmsS hni-zo-i-cn- p- p- v. ]me-kvxo-\n-bm-bnâ\n pw ImX- - f-i-se-bpå Cu {]tz-i-t v sszhm-ßm-hn-\mâ t{]cn-x-\mbmwv hn. txma-sk- p- -Xv. hn`n `mj-i-fpw kwkvim-c- fpw \ne-\n `mc-x-`q-an-bpss sxt -A-ä- på Cu `q`m-k v txmam Çolm F n-s -«Xv hni-i-e-\m-xo-x-amb hkvxp-x-bm-wv. A s `mc-x-s - -än-bpå elp hymjym\w Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc txmam Çolm-bpsS hc-hnsâ B[n-Im-cn-IX Dd- n- p-hm³ iàam-wv. l {Ko v, tdmw, sakms m-t«m-anb (C-dm- v), aäp t]àjy³ cmpy- Ä BZn-bm-b-h-bp-ambn C ybv v (-`m-c-x- n-\v) hmwn-py-_- Ô- -fp m-bn-cp- p. l kmwkvim-cni ]mc-¼-cy- m-epw, hym]m-c- mepw Cu \msn\v hntz-i-cm-py- -fnâ axn- p- m-bn-cp- p. l hym]m-cm-h-iy- Ä aqehpw ]ou-\- Ä aqehpw NnX-d-s «blq-z-hw-i-pà Cu\m-«n [mcm-f-am-bp- m-bn-cp- p. l DZm-c-io-ecpw alma\kvi-cp-amb `c-wm-[n-im-cn-iä sshtz-in- I-cpsS kµài-\s t{]mõm-ln- n- n-cp- p. l axs [À½-ambn IW- m- nb `mc-xob P\-X, hnhn-[- - fmb kwkvim-c- Ä, ]Tn- n- -ep-iä, [mà½ni {]am-w- Ä, \qx\hnizm-k Ä BZn-bm-b-hsb PnÚm-k-tbmsS ho n- ncp- p. \nb-x-amb Bcm-[-\m-co-Xn, ax-t_m-[\w BZn-bm-bh e`y-am- Im-Xn-cp `mc-x-p-\-x, hnim-e-a-\-kvi-x-tbmss GsXmcp ]pxnb {]amw-s bpw X -fpss hnizm-k-t msp tnà p ImWp- - Xn XÂ]-c-cm-bn-cp- p. C -c- n-epå Hcp kmaqly Npäp-]m-Sn-te- mwv F.-Un. 52  txmam-çol IS- p-h-cp- Xv.- A n-hn-ss-bp- m-bn-cp P\-hn-`mK- - sf - än hn`n ImgvN mspi- f- mwv ]eà pw D mb- nc- p - X- v. * BZn {ZmhnU hwi- n-ep-å-h-cm-bn-cp p Chn-Sps Xt±-iobÀ F v Hcp hn`mkw hniz-kn- p- p. * {Zm-hn-U-cpw, Chn-Sps BZnh- wi- P- cpw tnà Hcp k c- h- À w. * C s kaqlw Xmgv hn`m-k-ambn IW- m- p Hcp kmam\y P\-hn-`m-Kw. * BVy-cmb D -X-Ip-e-PmXÀ. * hnhn-[- -fmb Bh-iy- Ä mbn ChnsS IpSn-tb-dn- mà hntz-in-i-fpss ]n³km-an-i-fmb Hcp kaq-l-hpw hntz-in-i-fpw Xt±-io-bcpw tnà p- mb Hcp k -c-hn-`m-k-hpw. 5

4 kss`iyw hnhn-[- -fmb A`n-{]mb -fpss \Sp-hn GXp hn`m-k-am-bncp p A n-hnss {]_-e-sa p ]d-bp-hm\pw Bsc-bmWv hn. txmakv Úm\kv\m\-s -Sp n {InkvXym-\n-I-fm- nbsx p ]d-bp-hm\pw IqSp-X ]T-\- Ä Bh-iy-am-Wv. ]e Ncn-{X-Im-c- mcpw {_mò-w-sc-bmwv Úm\-kv\m-\-s -Sp- n-b-sx p ]d-bm-dp- v. F mâ, AXp ]qà -ambpw hnizkn- mâ Xmsg - d- b- p kwib- - Ä v \mw adp]- Sn ]dt- b - nh- - cpw. * A²zm-\n- p- -h-sc-bpw, `mcw Npa- p- -h-sc-bpw, XÅ-s -«-hscbpw t]à snmãn hnfn D -a-kp-cp-hnsâ injy³ F psim v D -Xsc Xs Xnc-sª -Sp v kv\m\w \ÂIn? * _lp-`q-cn-`mkw {InkvXob kaq-l- -fpw, D -X-Ip-e-Pm-XcnÂ\n- på kv\m\-s - m-fp-]cn ASn-Øm-\-hÀ - Ä {InkvXo-b-X-tbmSv {]Xn-] n Im«n F p hniz-kn- p-hm-\pw, ]Tn- n- p-hm\pw XmÂ]cyw Im«p- p. F mâ, AXn\p hn]- co-x-ambn "X Ä D -X-Ip-e-Pm-X-cm-sW Xm³t]m-cna' Hcp ]cn[n hsc ae- c \{km-wn-i-fpss hfà bv v hnlm-x-am-bn- «ntã? XmW PmXn- msc DÄs m-åp-hm-\pw, Ah-tcm-sSm- -ambn-cn- p-hm\pw XmÂ]cyw Im«m ImS- -a-t\m-`mhw Cu hnizm-k- nsâ {]Xn-^-e-\-atÃ? B Ime-L-«- nâ {_mò-wà tic-f- nâ DZbw snbvxn-«n-ãm-bn-cp- p- F v hmzn- p Ncn-{X-Im-c- m-cpss sxfnhp-iä ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am- -Ww. hn. txmam-ço-lm-bpss hc-hnsâ Ime v Chn-sS-bp- m-bn-cp- -hà Bcm-bn-cp- mepw C{]-Imcw \ap v kw n-]vx-ambn hymjym-\n- mw. * sshtz-ini km n-²y- nâ ]expw, Adn-ª -Xpw ti«-xpamb Hcp kaq-lw. * Bcm-[-\m-\p-`-h- -tfmsv (H-cp-]t {]mkv cq]- n-em-imw) Xmev]cyw ]peà n-bn-cp- -hà. * kzmx{ yw A\p-`-hn- n-cp kaqlw (a-x-kzm-x-{ yw, Bcm[\m kzmx-{ yw BZn-bm-b-h) * cmpm-[n-]xyw \ne-hn-en-cp kaq-lw. (D -XÀ XpS n ]e hn`m-k- nâ s]«-hcpw Çolm-bpsS ]pxnb kphn-ti-jt msp XmÂ]cyw Im«n. ]Ån-hmW s]cp-amä Fs mcp N{I-hÀ n {InkvXp-aXw kzoi-cn p Fs mcp sfxnlyw Xs \ne-hn-ep- v.) * ZfnXv _Ôp tpmkn-s\ -t]m-se-bp-å-hà ]d-bp Xv A nhnss D m-bn-cp- Xv BZn-hm-kn-I-tfmSv Xpey-cmb Hcp hn`m-kam-sw- m-bn-cp- p. (Ip-d-hÀ, ]d-bà BZn-bmb hn`m-k- -fnâ s]«-hà A n-hnss D m-bn-cp- p-sh A`n-{]mbw \ne-hn-ep- v. F mâ, A s Ipd-hcpw ]d-bcpw CS- m-e v oww kw`-hn- p-t]mb hn`m-k-am-i-w-sa- p-an-ã. Hcp-]-t, AhÀ A s {][m-\n-i-fm-imw. F mâ Imem- -c- nâ AhÀ XÅ-s -«p-t]m-bn-cn- mw. Hcp-Im-e v km¼- n-i-ambpw, kmaq-ly-ambpw D Xm-h-Ø-bn-ep m-bn-cp {_mò- WÀ BZn-bmb ]ecpw `q]cn-jvi-c-w-\n-b-a-t mss \ncm-ew- _-cm-bn-«p- v. Ahcpw kwh-c-w- n-\mbn apd-hnfn Iq«p- p. C v kwh-c-wm-\p-iqeyw A\p-`-hn- p- -hà Hcp-]-t, ]ehn-[-amb D -X-hn-`m-K- -fmbn ]cn-w-an-t - mw. Ime- nsâ hnir-xn-iä hàw-\m-xo-x-asã?) ]Ån-Øm-]-\-hpw kphn-ti-jo-i-c-whpw hn. txmam-çolm Ggc]ÅnIÄ Øm]n p F p ]mc-¼-cyambn hniz-kn- p-t]m-cp- p. ]Ån-IÄ F {]tbm-k- n-ep-]cn "a d- Ä' Øm]n p F p hniz-kn- p-hm³ ]ecpw XmÂ]-cys -Sp- p. Ggc kaq-l- sf txmam-çolm cq]-s -Sp n F Xv hymjym-\- n\v hnt[-b-am- -Ww. B kaq-l- n\v Bcm-[-\- bv mbn IqSn hcp-hm³ Hcp Øehpw Bhiy-ambn h n-«p- v. a d- Ä/kaq-l- Ä/Iq«- Ä/]Ån-IÄ FÃmw ]T-\-hn-j-b- -fm- -Ww. ae -c-bpss sx p apxâ hs p hscbpw txmambpss ]mz-ap{z ]Xn-ª n-«p- v. txmam-bpss amà -hpw \nb-ahpw (Way of Thomas & Law of Thomas) txmam-bpss amà w {InkvXp-amÀ amwv. \nbaw thzm-[n-jvtn-xhpw. F.-Un. 72  ssaem- q-cnâ cà-km n-bmb hn. txma-kv, \½psS IÀ m-hnsâ D -a-in-jy-\m-bn-cp- p. Kpcp-hns\ ad v injys\ sszho-i-cn- p Hcp `mhw \½psS ]qàæn-i-cnâ D mtbm F p kwi-bw. ]e k m-cn-ifpw hn. txmambv v ae- c \{kmwn-iä \ÂInb AXym-Z-c-hn AÛpXw Iqdp-I-bpw, NneÀ hnaài-\- Ä tcj-s -Sp- pibpw snbvxn-«p- v. "\{km-wn- kwú' temi- v Hcp ss{ikvxh hn`m-k- fpw kzoicn- m \ma-am-wn-xv. tdmam km{am-py- nâ {InkvXym-\n-I-sf, tdmam- mcpw blq-z- mcpw ]cn-l-kn- m-\p-]-tbm-kn \maw \½psS ]qàæn-ià A`n-am-\-t mss amtdmsp tnà p "A]-am-\s A`nam-\-ambn' I ]qàæn-i-cpss DXvIr-jvS-Xbv v BZ-cw. "IÀ mhnsâ {Iqin-e-ÃmsX {]iw-kn- m-\n-s-bm-i-cp-sx' (1 simcn.1:18) Xncp-h-N-\- nsâ km m-xvim-cw. ae- -c-bnse k`m hfà : hn. txmamçolmbv p tijw At±-l- nâ\n v ssish pw, \nàt±-i- fpw e`n- -h-cn-eqss kphn-tijw hfà p. C y-bpss sx ³ {]tz-i- -fnâ kphn-tijw e`y-am-ip- -Xn\p ap¼v txmambnâ \n pw kphn-tijw {Kln hst C y³ {]tz-i- -fnâ AXnsâ XpSÀ BZy-Im-e- -fnâ \jvs-s -«p-t]mbn (tkm- t^m-d-knsâ cmpyw BZn-bmb-h -þ- ae- -c-bnse ]n³km-an-iä iàcpw, ip²-cp-ambn kphn-ti-js kwth-zn- n- p. F.-Un. 190  Ae-Ivkm-{ n-b³ Iem-e-b- nsâ Xe-h³ ]â-o\kv ae- -c-bnse- n. (A- s Ime v Chn-sS-bp m-bn-cp ax-hn-`m-k- Ä X½n Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb kwhm-z- -fnâ CS-s]-«n-cp p F v A\p-am-\n- p- p. Cu kwhm-z- -fnâ Pbn- p- h-cp-ss hnizmkw txmâ p- -hà kzoi-cn- p-h- m³ \nà_-ôn-x-cm-bn-cp- p. AsÃ- nâ Øew Dt]- n v t]mipambn-cp- p. {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS \ne- \nâ]n\pw, kwhm-z- -fnâ Pbn- p-hm-\m-bn-«p-am-bn-cp p ]âo-\- kns\ hcp- n-b-sx pw hniz-kn- -s -Sp- p.) F.-Un. 290  t]àjy-bnâ\n pw h ZmhoZv F sa{xm-\mwv BZy-ambn ae- -c-bnâ h hntzi sa{xm-s\ v A\p-am-\n- p- p. XpSÀ p- mb "kpdn-bm\n IpSn-tbäw' (Suriyani Migration) ]pxn-sbmcp Ncn- {X- n\v XpS w Ipdn- p. t]àjy³ km{am-py- nse ]ou-\- ÄsIm- pw, hym]m-c-e- y- Ä ap nâ I p-amwv t]àjy³ hym]m-cnifpw blp-z- mcpw IpSn-tb-dnb Cu a n-te v "Iv\mbn' sxm½sâ (Merchant Thomas) t\xr-xz- nâ IpSn-tbäw \S- -Xv. Ch-cp-sS-sbÃmw BK-a-\- nepw Chn-Sps {InkvXym-\n-IÄ (Ahsc "amàt m½m {InkvXym-\n-IÄ' F p hnfn - nc- p - p) X\na ssihn-«n-ã. adn- v, IS- p-h- hà v `c-wm-[n-im-cn-i-fpss klm-bt mss \ne-\nâ]n-\m-h-iy-amb klm-bhpw \ÂIn. `c-wm-[n-imcn-isf kzm[o-\n- v, hc- - msc hncp-²-cm- p-hm³ kuay-io-ecmb Xt±-iob {InkvXym-\n-IÄ Xp\n-ª n-ã. XpSÀ på Ncn{Xw hnkvxm-c-`-b- mâ Npcp- p- p. F.-Un. 3þmw \qäm p apxâ F.-Un hsc-bpå ae- -c-k-`bpss Ime-L«w: t]àjy-bnâ\n pw (East Syrian) h sa{xm-t m-eo- m-amà Chn-sS-bp- m-bn-cp- p. F mâ, A n-hnss `cww \S- n-bn-cp- Xv Xt±-io-b-cmb "PmXn v IÀ -hy³' (AÀ Zvbmt m³) amcm-bn-cp- p. ae- c \{km-wn-i-fpss ]ucpj {]Xo-I- -fm-bncp p AhÀ. hntz-i-i-àn-iä v k`-bpss kzmx{ yw ASn-b-d-hbv msx A`w-Kpcw k`m\uisb \bn a\o-jn-i-fm-bn-cp p AhÀ. ax-]-c-ambn {InkvXym-\n-I-fpw kmwkvim-cn-i-]-c-ambn lnµp- -fpw, Bcm-[-\m-]-c-ambn ]uckvxy kpdn-bm\n {Ia- Ä ]n p-sà ph- hcp-am-b amàt m½m {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS A - Êpw, A`n-am-\hpw B`n-Pm-Xyhpw kwc- n- p-hm³ AhÀ {i²mep- -fm-bn-cp- p  hmkvtim Un Kma-bpsS hc-hn\p tijamwv It m-en- À Chn-sS- Im-ep-Ip- p- -Xv. Hcp \qäm-t mfw hnhn[ IpX-{ - Ä ]b-änb t]mà p-ko-kp-imà, AeIvknkvþUn sa\-kn-knsâ klm-b-t mss It m-en m hnizmkw Dd- n- p- hm³ {ian DZy-a-am-bn-cp p 1599 se "DZ-bw-t]-cqÀ aoänwmv' (]-ecpw Cu aoän- ns\ kn\uv F p ]d-ª p-h-cp- p. Chn-Ss AÀ Zvbmt m-sâ-tbm, A p- m-bn-cp t]àjy³ sa{xmtâtbm XmÂ]-cy-an-Ãm-sX, ae- -c-bpss taâ A[n-Im-c-an-Ãm sa\-knkv hnfn- p-tnà aoänwmv F s\ "kp -l-tzm-kmipw? kp -l-tzm-kn\v Hcp AÀ -ap- v. AÀ -apå B ]Zw "I m- mam-cp-ss-bpw', "l m-kp-am-cp-ts-bpw', "k {Zow kwl- -fp-ssbpw' Zpcm-tem-N-\-IÄ v NmÀ n-s msp- p- Xv eöm-h-l-am-wv.) CXn\pw hnt[-b-s -Sm \{kmwn knwl- sf ]ou-\- -fn-eqss-bpw, Hä-s -Sp- -ep-i-fn-eq-ssbpw HXp- m³ {ian- -Xn-s\-Xn-scbpÅ Bß-hocy {]I-S-\-amWv 1653 se "Iq\³Ip-cniv kxyw' F.-Un þ 1815 hsc-bpå L«w: F.-Un  txmakv AÀ Zvbmt ms\ H mw amàt m½ (amàt m½m I) F t]cnâ hmgn- p- p. AXm-b-Xv, k`-bpss hfà -bpss ]pxp-l-«-ambn AÀ Zvbmt m³ Øm\w "amàt m- 6

5 kss`iyw ½m- \m-a- n\v hgn-am-dp- p þ1815 Ime-L-«- nâ amàt m½m I-VIII hsc ae- -c-k-`sb `cn- p p se Øm\m-tcm-l-W- n\v _Z-embn t]mà p-ko-kp-imà Nm n I -\msc (C-t±ls amàt m½m þ I sâ km n-bmbn \mw \nb-an- n-cp- p) It m-en m ] sa{xm-\mbn hmgn- p- p, ae- c ]«Xz km[p- X-sb- -än ]d-bp- -hà v Nm n I -\m-cpss ]«Xzw AwKo-Im-cap-ÅXp Xs -bm-bn-cp- p. bymà - nâ, Cu Ime-am-b-t mtg pw t]mà p-ko-kp-imà C y-bnâ _e-lo-\-cm- -s -Sp-Ibpw U p-imà ià-cm-ip-ibpw snbvxn-cp- p. AXp-sIm- p-x-s, Chn-sS-\n p t]mip- -Xn\p ap¼v Ign-bp- {X \miw hcp- n-bn«p t]mip-hm³ AhÀ XmÂ]cy-s -«p. Xt±-io-b-t- \m-spå XmÂ]-cy- n-ep-]-cn, Xm m-eni em`-amwv AhÀ IW- m- n-b-xv. AXnsâ sxfn-hm-wv, Nm n sa{xm³ B{K-ln Bsf At±-l- n\v ]n³km-an-bmbn e`n- msx t]mb-xpw, ]n³km-an-bmbn hntzio-bs\ \nb-an- -Xpw se tdma³ It men- -cpss hn`-p-\-hpw, 1772 se sxmgnbqà k`-bpss thà]n-cn-bepw Cu Ime-L-«- nse {]txyi-x-bm- Wv. amàt m½m þ 1 s\xn-sc, ]«Xz kw_-ô-ambn DbÀ Btcm- ]-W- Ä ià-am-b-t mä, ]ucm-wni k`-i-fnse ]mc-¼-cywt]mse Hcp sa{xms\ ae- -c-bn-te- -b-bv p-hm³ \mw ]e hntzi-k-`-i-tfmspw Bh-iy-s -«n-cp- p. (bcp-itew _nj-]v) AXn³{]- Im-cw, 1665  A_vZpÄ Peo amà {KotKm-dn-tbmkv ae- -c-bn-se- n. Ct±lw At ym-jy³ _nj- m-sw- mwv Nne-cpsS Nn m- K-Xn. tdmw, Ae-Ivkm-{ ym, At ym-jy, tim Ìmân-t\m- nä BZn-bm-bh t]mse bcp-i-te-anepw ]m{xn-bà m ]Z-hn-bp- m-bncp- p. {KotKm-dn-tbmkv bcp-i-te-anse _nj m-bn-cp- p. H mw Xq_vtZ-\n \mw t]tcm-à p- -h-cpss Iq«- nâ amà CKv\m ntbmkv (A-t ym-jy) _tk-en-tbmkv (\-½psS ImtXm-en- ), {KotKm-dn-tbmkv (bcp-iteanse _nj-]v) F o t]cp-i-fp- v. {KotKm-dn-tbmkv At ym-jy³ ]m{xn-bà o-kn-\mâ Ab-bv -s - «h-s\- nâ _p²n-am- m-cmb \½psS ]nxm- - mà ]n osv {KotKmdn-tbm-sk v {]txy-iw -tnà n-ãm-bn-cp- p. (C v A -s\mcp Øm\nI ]Zhn CsÃ- nepw \maxv \µn-]qàæw {]txyiw kvacn- p- p-sh-t -bp-å.) ]pcm-x-\-imew sxms«\½pss k` At ym-jy³ \pi- n-em-bn-cp- p-sh p kaà n- p-hm-\på Ip_p-²n-I-fpsS {ias \mw XÅn- -f-b-ww. F.-Un þ 1912 hscbpå L«w: amàt m½m VIII \p tijw, ]pen-t m-«nâ amà Zoh- mtkymkv þ I (Zo-h- m-tkymkv þ II) k`m Xe-h-\m-bpbÀ -s -Sp- p. ChnsS Øm\n-I-\maw ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo m F mbn amdp- p. AÀ Zvbmt m³, amàt m½m XpS- nb ]S-hp-Ifn \n v k`-bpss hfà -bv -\p-kr-x-ambn Xe-s «pw amdp- p. h«-tè-cnâ Xncp-ta\n hsc-bp-å-h-cpss Øm\n-I-\maw "ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo m' F m-bn-cp- p  kn.-fw.-f-kv. anj- \-dn-amcpw 1889  amàt m½m hn`m-khpw (\-ho-i-c-w- mà) ae- c-k-`-bnâ \n v thàs]-«p-t]m-ip- p se apf- p-cp n kp -l-tzm-knâ ]m{xn-bà okv Xsâ A[o-iXzw Dd- n- p-hm³ {ian-s - nepw bpk-{]-`m-h-\mb ]pent m-«nâ c m-a³ B DZy-as \nêm-c-ambn XÅn- -f-ª p. bymà - nâ, Hcp At ym-jy³ ]m{xn-bà okv HutZym-Kn-Iambn hcp Xp Xs Cu ka-b- m-wv. ae- -c-k` {]Xn-k-Ôn-bnepw, Akz-Ø-X-bn-ep-am-bn-cp 1876 hscbpå Ime-L-«- nâ ChnsS Imep-Ip- m- -h-cm-wv, "X Ä ae- -c-bpss kwc- -I-cmbn-cp- p sh p ]dª v ta\n \Sn- p- -Xv. Ch-cn-hnsS h n-ãm-bncp- p-sh- nâ ae- -c-k` "s\kvtxm-dn-b-\m-bn-t m-ip-am-bn-cp p' F pw ChÀ ]cn-x-]n- m-dp- v. F mâ, \qäm- p-iä p ap¼v hn. amxm-hnsâ \ma- nâ Øm]n-X-amb Hcp ]Ån-bpw, AXnse amxm-hn-t\msp _Ô-s «NphÀ Nn{X- fpw \in- n- p-hmt\m t]cp amäp-hmt\m Hcp t]àjy³ sa{xm\pw Xp\n-ª n-«n-ã. hnizmkw kzoi-cn- p-hm-\pw, kwc- n- p-hm-\pw, hnth-n-\- t mss s]cp-am-dp-hm\pw Chn-Sps \{km-wn-isf Bcpw ]Tn- nt - n-bn-cp- n-ã þ ImtXm-en-t äv kwú: ae- -c-k-`-bpss hfà -bpss Gähpw ]pxnb L«- nâ k` "ImtXm-en-t äv' F \maw kzoicn- p- p. AXm-b-Xv, AÀ Zvbmt m³, amàt m-½m, ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo m F o \ma- -fnâ hnhn[ L«- -fn-embn hfà p-h k`, hf-à -bpss ]pxp-bp-k- nsâ XpS- -ambn "ImtXm-en /ImtXm-en-t äv' \ma-t[bw kzoi-cn- p- p. CXp ]dn- p-\-se-ã, ]pxnb H nsâ krjvsn-bp-a-ã. lnµp-kvym³, `mc- Xw, C y F v \½p-sS- cmpyw hnhn[ Ime-L-«- nâ Adn-b-s - «p. tnmf, tnc, ]mwvuy cmpy-sa pw Xncp-hn-Xmw-IqÀ, sim n, ae-_mà F pw Adn-b-s «\½psS kwøm\w 1956 apxâ ticfw F -t]-cn-e-dn-b-s -Sp p F -Xp-sIm- v, ticfw 1956 emwv Øm]n-X-am-b-sX- À -an-ã. AXp-t]m-se, \½psS k`bpw Hcp ]pxp-bpk \mµn-bmbn Cu ]Zw/kwÚ kzoi-cn- p. Imem- -c- nâ "ImtXm-en-t mkv' F Øm\-\maw IqSp-X hyà-x-bpw, kzoim-cy-x-bp-apå asämcp kwpvrbv v hgn-am-dn- q- Sm-bvI-bn-Ã. Cu ]pxp-kw-ú-i-fn-eq-ss, k`-bpss ]ucm-wn-i-x, BVy-Xzw, hnizm-kw, BtKmf kwth-z\w BZn-bm-b-hsb kwth- Zn- n- p-i-bmwv ]nxm- - mà snbvx-xv. Cu k` tdman-t\m, At ym-jybvt m hnt[-b-s -Sp-hm³ Hcp- -a-sã- pw, BZy-Im-e- L-«- nâ k`sb kzmà -c-ln-x-ambn Icp-Xnb t]àjy³ k`tbm-spå (East Syrian) _Ôhpw kvt\lhpw H p-iqss Ac- n-«pd- n- p-i-bm-sw- p-apå {]Jym-]-\-hp-amWv Cu kwú-bnepw {]Xn-^-en- n- -Xv se A\p-KrloX \nan-j- nâ Chn-Sps hnl-sn-x-hn- `mkw ]. h«-tè-cnâ Xncp-ta-\n-tbm-sSm w H n- p-\n- n-cp-s - nâ,, C\n-bp-samcp Ipcp- nâ AI-s «v X½n XÃm-Xn-cn- p-hm-\på Akp-e` ku`mkyw ssih-t -s\. C -s\-sbmcp tbmpn v h ncp-s - nâ, Htc Bcm-[\m ]mc-¼-cy-hpw, kwkvim-c-hp-ap-å-hà v H n- p-\nâ p-hm-\pw, hnl-s\w Hgn-hm- p-hm-\pw, Imt\m-\nI kwln-x-iä \pkr-x-ambn ]. ]m{xn-bà o-kns\ kzoi-cn- p- hm\pw km[n- p-am-bn-cp- p. k`m kam-[m\w : bmymà ytam, anyy-tbm? hnl-sn- p-\nâ p- -Xpw, thàs]-«p-t]m-ip- Xpw {]Xn-k-Ônbm-Wv. ""... Chcpw \½n H m-ti- -Xn\p Xs '' F \½psS c -Isâ alm-]p-tcm-ln-x {]mà \ \ap v amxr-i-bm-i-ww. simcn- y-k-`-bnse `n X I hn. ]utemkv ]d-bp- -Xv, ""t`mtk-ñ-i-fpss kzm[o-\-amwv' `n X krjvsn- p- sx- m-wv. k` \oxn-am- m-cpss IqSm-c-am-Wv. AhnsS al-xz- n-sâ-bpw c - bp-ssbpw i_vzw Db-c-Ww. 1sImcn. 1: 15  ]d-bp- -Xv, ""\n -fnâ `n X D m-ip- Xp Xs eöm-h-l-sa- mwv'' þ `n X `hn- msx GIm-ßm-hn-epw, a\-ênepw tbmpn- n-cn- -W-sa ÇolmbpsS D]tZiw \mw hnkva-cn- -cp-xv. ]c-kv]c On{ZX \mi- n-te- på ]mx-bm-wv. `n -X-I-fpsS ]mx shsn-ª v, ]c-kv]c kam- [m\]mx-bn-te v \mw Ncn- -Ww. hfà -bpss ]pxp-l-s-i-amb "ImtXm-en-t äv' F kwú kzoi-cn- -Xnsâ alm-i-xm_vzn hàj- nâ Cu hnj-b- nâ \mapw kam-[m-\-npw-_n-x-amb ]pxpkwú kzoi-cn- -Ww. ChnsS Bhiyw amàt m½m {InkvXym\n ss]xriw DÄs m-åp FÃm k`-i-fp-ssbpw tbmpn- m-wv. F³.-F-kv.-F-kn\pw Fkv.-F³.-Un.-]n pw Hcp-an p {]hà n- m-sa- nâ, F p-sim v \ap pw km[n- nã? Nne {]^-j-wâ hnzym-`ymk Øm]-\- Ä pw ]Z-hn-IÄ pw ]n mse HmSn, kzmà -em`w ap nâ I på {]h-w-x-ifnâ\n v {InkvXob hn`m-k- Ä amdn-\nâ -Ww. \½psS \msn-\mhiyw tbmpn- på Hcp Iq«m-bva-bm-Wv. ss{ikvxh k`-i-fnse `n -X-IÄ ]cnl-cn- p-hm\pw FÃm k`i-fn-ep-apå AÀl-cm-bhsc klm-bn- p-hm\pw k`m hyxymkw IqSmsX Hcp IÀ½-]- ²Xn Bhiy-ap- v. c mw L«- nâ, CXc kap-zm-b- sf hnizmk- n-se-sp- p-hm-\pw, asäm pw {]Xo- n- msx AIf- nx-kvt\-l-t mss Ahsc klm-bn- p-hm-\p-apå IÀ½-]-²- Xn p \mw cq]w simsp- Ww. k`-i-fnse cmjv{sob kzm[o-\- n\v \nb-{ Ww hcp- -Ww. amdnb Ime-L-«- nâ ]nsn- p- \nâ p-hm³ cmjvv-{sob kzm[o\w IqSntb Xocq F Nn k`-isfbpw _m[n- n-«p- v. F mâ, {InkvXptI{µo-Ir-X-amb Hcp Pohn- X-ssi-en-bn-eqsS \mw Pohn-t - a-xn-bm-iq. BZyw \ap v e`n- Xv ]ou-\- -fm-wv. kzm[o-\- Ä ]n mse h -Xm-Wv. ticf tim {Kkv cmjv{sob hfà bv v Nne {]txyi cmjv{sob e y- -tfmss GsX- nepw ss{ikvx-h-k-`- ]n pw simsp- p-s - nâ ]p\àhn-nn- -\- n\v Ime-am-bn. C cw {]h-w-x-iä, Hmtcm ax- -fnepw imàni tncn-xn-cn-hn-\pw, hà o-b-xbv pw hgn-sx-fn- pw. aäp-å-hsc \nb-{ n- p-hm³ \-ap v ]än-bn-sã- nepw, ss{i-kvx-h-cmb \ap v tziob at\m-`mhw ]peà p-hm³ Fs - nepw snt t? kam]vxw A- y-im-e v ]p{x³ apjm- cw Acp-fn-s bvx hn-\- nsâ {]tbm-àm- -fmwv k`ma Ä. ss{ikvx-h-k-`-bpss Ncn{Xw ]Xn-cn-Ãm- -Xm-h-Ww. ixm_vzn hàj- nâ ].- k-`-sb- p-dn- pw, ]nxm- - m-sc- p-dn- pw \mw hyà-ambn ]Tn- -Ww. Xe-apd ssiamdn sismsx kq n kxy-hn-izmkw \ap v ssitamiw hc-cp-xv. ].-_m-hm-amà pw, F n-kvtim-  kp -l-tzm-kn\pw ssi m- -embn \ap v hà n- mw. On{Z-i-àn-Isf Zqco-I-cn- p-hm\pw kzmà -c-ln-x-cmbn {]hà n- p-hm\pw \ap v DÕp-Icm-Imw. `n -X-I-fp-sS-bpw, {]Xn-k-Ôn-I-fp-sSbpw a²y- nâ \ncmi-cm-imsx IÀ r-i-c- -fnâ `c-taâ n v DuÀÖw DÄs m ]. ]nxm - - mc- pss {]mà \ \ap v D bpw sh b- pa- mi- s- «. 7

6 ImtXment äv ae- ck`bnse sshzn-i-ta-e-²y- -]Zhn: ImtXm-en-t -änsâ ixm-_vzn-th-f-bnâ Hc-t\z-jWw ]n. -txm-a-kv, ]ndhw sszh-p-\-hpw {]txy-i -]u-tcm-ln-xyhpw ]ptcm-ln-x-hà amb sszh-p-\- nsâ {]txy-i -]u-tcm-ln- Xy-s - p-dn v {]Xn-]m-Zn- nt«sshzni tae-²y- Xsb p-dn v hnh-cn- m-\m-hq. "\n tfm AÔ-Im-c- nâ\n v Xsâ AZv`p-X- {]-Im-i- n-te v \n sf hnfn- -hsâ kzvkp-w- sf tlmjn- m³ X -h w Xnc-sª -Sp- -s «Hcp PmXnbpw cmp-io-b-]p-tcmln-x-hà hpw hnip-²-hw-ihpw kz -P-\hpw BIp- p.' (1 -]- t{xmkv 2:9) ]gb bn{km-tb-ensâ ]Z-hn-bn-te v Xnc-sª -Sp- - s «]pxnb bn{km-tb-emwv ]ptcm-ln-x-hà -amb ss{ikvx-h-kaqlw. P\-X-IÄ n-s-bnâ ]ptcm-ln-x-hà -am-bn-cp- p ]gb bn{kmtbâ (]pd. 19:5,6). kàæ-pm-xn-iä pw sszh- n-\p-an-s-bnâ a²yhà n-bmbn Ahsc \nb-an- p. BZyw ]ptcm-ln-x-ià½ Ä A\p-jvTn ph -Xv IpSpw-_- -e-h- mà þ tkm{x- -e-h- mà, Patriarchs - Bbncp p. t\mlbpw A{_-lmapw Hs _en-b-\p-jvtm\w \S- n-bxv \ap- -dn-bmw. F mâ tami-bpss Ime-am-Ip-t¼mÄ {][-m\-]utcm-lnxyw tami-bnepw Al-tdm-\nepw ti{µo-ir- XamIp- p (]pd. 28:1). ]n osv ]utcm-ln-xym-\p-jvtm-\- Ä s]mxpth tehy-ip-e- nâ \n n-]vx-am-bn (]pd. kzbw 29). sszh-p-\-amb bn{km-tbâ, PmXn-sb \nebnâ P\-X-IÄ n-s-bnâ ]utcm-ln-xy-ip-{iq-jbv v sxc-sª -Sp- -s -«n«pw, B PmXn-bn {]txy-i- ]utcm-lnxy[à½w tehy-ip-e- n\pw AXnse {][m-\m- Nm-cy\pw thàxn-cn- -s -«n-cp- p (kwjy 3:6). cmpmhv, ]ptcm-ln-x³, {]hm-n-i³ F o {Xnhn-[-]-Z-hn-IÄ GIo-`-hn- n-cp tbip-{in-kvxp-hnsâ þ avinlm AYhm A`n-jnà-\mb tbiphnsâ þ ]«Xzw Çol- m-cn-emwv \n n-]vx-am-b-xv. tbip-hnâ hniz-kn sszh-p-\- n-\n-s-bnâ þ ]ptcm-ln-xhà nâ þ Çol- m-cmwv avinlm-bpss ]«-Xz-ip-{iqj \nàæ-ln- -Xv.- ]p-xn-b-\n-b-a- Im-e-L-«- nâ sszh-p-\- Ä v si½m-è³ (ip{iq-j-i³), {]nkv_n-t{smkv (aq ³) AXm-bXv IÈo-im, F nkvtim m (A²y- ³) F o {Xnhn[ ]«-Xz-Øm-\n-IÄ D m-b- Xmbn ImWmw. ]m{xn-bàt -äp-iä Çol- mà kphn-tijw hnx Øe- -fn-seãmw X -fpss Npa-X-e-IÄ \nàæ-ln- p-hm³ A²y- - msc A`n-tjIw snbvxp. (A-s m.-{]-hr-. 20:28) Imew ]ptcm-k-ant Cu F nkvtim- m-am-cpss CS-bn {][m\ ]«-W- -fnse þ Metropolitan Cities þ A²y- - mà CX-c-bn-S- -fn-e- p-å-h-sc- mä ap¼- m-cmbn KWn- -s -«p. Ahsc sa{xm-t m-eo- m-amà, BÀ v _nj- p-amà Fs Ãmw ]cm-aàin p p. Imew t]mi-th, km{am-py-x-e-øm- \- -fn-epå tae-²y- - mà sa{xm-t m-eo- m-am-cnâ ap¼- mcmbn KWn- -s -«p. tdmam-km-{am-py- nse tdmw, Ae-Ivk{ ym, At ym-jy, IpkvX- n-t\m-t]m-eokv F o {]h-niym-x-e-øm-\- -fnse tae-²y- - msc ]m{xn-bà o-kv, ]m m Fs ms hnfn- p-hm³ XpS- n. (Im-Wp-I: ae- -c HmÀ -tumivkv -k-`m-hn- Úm-\-tImiw, ]m{xn-bà o-kv) F mâ tdmam-km-{am-py- n\p shfn-bn-epå cmpyxeøm\ fnse ta²y- - msc ImtXm-en- m, a{^nbm\, henb sa{xm-t m-eo m Fs -Ãm-amWv hnfn- -Xv. t]àjybnse skeq-iym, Xn{Ko-kv, AÀ½o-\nbm, C y F n-hn-s- -fnse k`m-ta-e-²y- - msc C s\ hnfn- n-cp- -Xmbn k`m-n-cn-{x- nâ ImWmw. Npcp- - nâ Xe-Øm-\-]-«-W- -fnse tae-²y- - mà ]m m, ]m{xn-bà okv, ImtXm-en m, a{^n-bm-\, henb sa{xm-t m-eo m F n- s\ ]cm-aàin- -s -«p. ChÀ v AXXp {]tz-i- -fnse sa{xm- m-cnâ ap¼³ AYhm {][m\n F Ç o l - m À Øm]n k`-iä A X m - X n - S v ioàji- Xzap-ÅXpw ]ckv]c kvt\l-_- Ô-ap-Å-Xp-am-bncp- p Øm\-ap- m-bn-cp- p. AhÀ X -fpss ]«-W- nâ kphn-ti-j-a-dnbn Çol- m-cpsstbm Adn-bn- p-im-cp-sstbm ]n³km-an-i-fmbn ]cm-aàin- -s «pw h p. cmpys sa{xm- m-cpss kaq-l- nâ þ kp -l-tzm-knâ þ A²y- -\m-ip-hm\pw k`sb {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn- p-hm\pw sa{xm- msc hmgn- p kp -l-tzm-knâ t\xrxzw hln- p-hm\pw DÅ Npa-X-e-I-fmWv Ch-cn-ep- m-bn-cp- -Xv. k`m-`-c-w-{i-ao-i-cww km{am-py-`-cw k{¼-zm-b- -tfmsv k`m-`-c-w-{i-ao-i-cww A\p-cq-]-am- p {]{Inb ]n osv k`-bnâ D m-bn. At mkvtxm-en-i-k-`-bnâ Çol- mà Øm]n k`-iä AXm-Xn-S v kzbw ioàj-ixzap-åxpw ]c-kv]c kvt\l-_-ô-ap-å-xp-am-bn-cp- p. At m-kvtxm-en-i-im-e- n\p tijw tzi- -fpssbpw cmpy- -fpssbpw km{am-py- -fp-ssbpw Xe-Øm-\-\-K-c- Ä v CX-c- Ø-e- -sf- mä euin-i-`-c-w-hy-høbnâ {]m[m-\y-tadn h - t mä A cw \K-c- -fnse k`mtae-²y- - mà pw XZ-\p-kcWw {]mapjyap mbn. Çol- m-cpss ]n³km-an-i-fmb t a e - ² y - - m - c p s S Ø e - - s f - m Ä, cmjv{sob{]m[m\yw ssih-cn Øe -fnse tae-²y- - mà, A s\ {]mamwyw t\sn. sbcq-i-te-anse k`sb tik-dn-bm-bnse tae-²y- \p Iogn-em- nbxpw \njym-kp -l-tzmknâ AXn\v _lp-am- \mà w D -X-]-Zhn \ÂIn-bXpw taâ -dª Hcp DZm-l-cWw am{xw. Xn\v tdmam, IpkvX- o-t\m-t]m-eo-kv, Ae-Ivk-{ n-b, At ymiy, skeqiysì-kn-t^m F n-hn-s- fnse sa{xm-k-\- Ä v AXXp {]tz-is {][m\ k`m-tae- ²- y ]Zhn D mb- Xv taâ d- ª ImcW- w s- Im - mw- v. skeq-iym-sì-kn-t^m-wnse sa{xm-\mb "]m ' Xsâ k`sb tdma³km-{am-py- nse k`m-am-xr-i-bnâ kwl-sn- n v t]àjymk- m{- amp- y - nse k`mtae[- ni- mc- nb- mb- nc- n - ph- m³ {ian - p. t]àjy³`m-ks sa{xm- mà AXv FXnÀ p. F nepw F.-Un.410þ skeq-iym-sì-kn-t^m-wnse sa{xms\ t]àjymkm{ampyw apgp-h-sâbpw tae-[n-im-cn-bmbn AhÀ v AwKo-I-cn-t n h p. At±l nsâ ]n³km-an-iä ]nâ m- e v Ing- nsâ henb sa{xm-t m-eo m, ImtXm-en- m-, ImtXmen- mþ- ]m{xn-bà okv, _m_n-tem ]m{xn-bà okv, IÂZmb ]m{xn-bà okv Fs Ãmw hnfn- -s -«p. C y-bnse -k` 8 C y-bnse -k` amàt m-½m-ço-lm-bpss t\cn-«på kphnti-j-{]-hà -\-^-e-ambn DZv`-hn- -Xm-sW- p-åxv ià-amb ]mc- ¼-cy-am-Wv. FtUkm (D-d-lm), IÂZ-mb (sa-k-s m-t«-anb AYhm Cdm- v DÄs «t]àjy³km-{am-py- nse k`) t]àjy, F o ]uckvxy-tz-i- -fnse k`-iä C y³k`-sb-t mse amàt mam-ço-lmsb At m-kvtxm-e-\mbn Icp-Xn-bn-cp- p. amàt mam-ço-lmbpss injy\mb BZmbn hgn FtU-km-bnse k` Øm]n- -Xn-\m B k`bpw, t]àjy³ Xe-Øm-\-amb skeq-iy -sì-kn-t^mwnâ BZm-bn-bpsS injy-\mb amdn k` Øm]n- -Xp-sIm v IÂZmbk`bpw amàt m-am-bpss ss]xriw Ah-Im-i-s -Sp- p. t]àjy³k` X -fpss At m-kvtxm-e³ amàt mam-ço-lm F v hniz-kn- n-cp- p. taâ -dª \mep k`- Ifpw X½n txmam-ço-lm- hgn B²ym-ßn-I-_Ôw D m-bn-cp- p. C y-bnâ Fähpw {]mno-\-amb k` amàt m-½m-{in-kvxym- \n-i-fp-ts-xm-wv. AXv knôp-\-zn -ap-xâ I\ym-Ip-amcn hsc hym]n- n-cp- Xmbn Pkzn«v tcji-fp v. C y p ]pd v Cu k`-bpss sa{xm-t m-eo- mbv v skmt m-{x-bnepw henb ssn\-bnepw 1 kma- - mà D m-bn-cp- p. {]mno-\-im-e v C y-bpss ]e `mk- -fnepw amàt m-½m-{in-kvxym-\n-ifp m-bn-cp-s - nepw tic-fk` am{xta B[p-\n-I-Imew hsc \ne-\n- p-åp.

7 ImtXment äv CÉmansâ DZbw hsc C y DÄs «]uc-kvxy-tziw apgph-\nepw hmwn-py-`mj Ad-am-b (kp-dn-bm-\n AYhm IÂZmb `mj) Bbn-cp- p. t]àjy³ km{am-py- nsâ HutZym-Kn-I-`mj GXm v _n.-kn. 550 apxâ Ad-amb Bbn-cp- p. B²ym-ßn-Ihpw hmwn-py-]-chpw kmwkvim-cn-i-hp-amb Imcy- -fnâ tic-f-k- `bv v ap³]dª ]uc-kvxy-k-`-i-fp-am-bpå _Ôhpw Adamb`mj Adn-bm-am-bn-cp blq-z-cpss tic-f-_-ôhpw km n- ²yhpwsIm pw tic-f-k-`bpw BZn-bn Ad-amb Bcm-[-\-`mj 2 D]-tbm-Kn- p-hm³ CS-h- -Xmbn ]Þn-X- mà Icp-Xp- p. AXnsâ DZv`hw blq-z-ss{i-kvx-h-cnâ \n m-sw v ]d-bp- p vv. C y-bnse sshzn-im-²y - mà Ggmw \qäm- nâ Cutim-bm-lm_v ]m{xn-bà o-knsâ (650- þ700) Hcp Fgp- nâ\n v t]àjy³ sa{xmsâ FXnÀ p aqew t]àjy-bnepw C y-bnepw sshzn-im-²y - msc \nb-an- p- - Xn\v XSÊw D m-b-xmbn ]d-ª ncn p p. 3 IÂZm-b-k-`-bpsS taât m-bva-tbm-spå FXnÀ v t]àjybnse k` XpS-cp-Ibpw HSp-hn Hcp H p-xoà nsâ ^e-ambn t]àjy³k-`bv v kzbw-`-c-wm-[n-imcw e`n- pibpw snbvxp. amàt mam- Ço-lm- t\cn«v Øm]n ticfk`, ]nâ m- e v t]àjy-bn-sebpw ]n osv H¼Xmw \qäm- n-\p ap¼mbn IÂZm-b-k-`-bnse skeq-iym- sì-kn-t^m-wnsebpw ssçlni tae-²y- -Xbv v hnt[-b-am-bn. AXnsâ IrXy-amb Ime-L-«hpw Ahsc amà A{_lmw, amà butk v F n-hsc `c-taâ n- p- Ibpw A{_-lm-ans\ "asäãm sa{xm- mà pw sa{xm-t m-eo- m- 6 amà pw taâs -«-h-\mbn' \nb-an- p-ibpw snbvxp. t]mà«-p-kokv Ime-L-«- nâ Gähpw HSp-hn Cu Øm\w hln amà A{_lmw A -amen BØm-\-ambn `cn- p. "C y-bpss Ihm-Shpw sa{xm-t m-eo- mbpw' F Øm\w hln- n-cp k`m-²y- \v IÂ-Zm-b-k-`-bpsS {Iao-I-c-W-a-\p-kcn v `c-w- nâ klm-bn- p-hm³ AÀ -Zn-bm-t m- mà D m-bncp- p. Cu AÀ -Zn-bm-t m-s\ "C y apgp-h-sâbpw kao-]-øe- -fp-ssbpw AÀ -Zn-bm-t m-³' F v hnfn- n-cp- p. Xotam n H m-a³ ]m{xn-bà okv C y-bn-te- -b I -\-bnâ AÀ -Znbm-t m-s\ "C y-bnse hnizm-kn-i-fpss Xe-h³' F v ]d-ª p. sa{xm-t m-eo- m-bpss A[n-Im-c- Ä AÀ -Zn-bm-t m-³ {]tbm- Kn- p-am-bn-cp- p. hnhn[ \m«p-cm-py- -fnâ NnX-dn- mà n-cp amàt m½m {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS cmpmhpw Xe-h-\p-am-bn-cp p "PmXn p IÀ -hy'-\m-bn-cp AÀ -Zn-bm-t m³. 7 ae- -c-bnâ t]àjy-bnâ\n v \ntbm-kn- -s «ph sa{xm³ \nàæ-ln- n-cp {][m-\-s «Npa-X-e-IÄ IÈo-i- msc AYmhm ]«- msc A`n-tj-Iw- sn- p- Xpw ]Ån-IÄ IqZmi sn p- Xpw Bbn-cp- p. aäv Bßob euini tae-²y- X AÀ -Zn-bm-t m³ F sshzn-i-øm-\n-bn-emwv \n n-]vx-am-bncp- -Xv. (Im-WpI: Dr. Jose Kuriedath CMI, Contribution of the Syro- Malabar Priests to the Socio-Economic and Cultural Devopment of Kerala, Thomas Christian Heritage, Vol. 3, LRC Publications, Mount St. Thomas, Kakkanad, p.91) Imc-Whpw \ap v Adn-hn-Ã. H¼Xmw \qäm- nsâ Bcw-`- nâ IÂZmb]m{Xn-bÀ okv Xotam n Fähpw {]mno-\- Npcp- - nâ tic-f-k-`m-x-e-hsâ Øm\w, H m-a³ `mc-x-k-`sb t]àjy³k-`-bnâ\n v amb amàt m½- m - ]m m ]m{xn-bà m ImtXm-en m Øm\n-IÄ v kaambxpw ssçlni]n p-sà -bpw bymà k`m-tae- hnsà n t\cn-«v Xsâ A[o-\-X-bn-em- n. IÂZm-bk- {In-kvXym-\n-I-fp-sS `m-²y- -\m-bn-cp sxtbm-tzm-tkymkv 6 simã- nsem-cn-  `mc-x-k-`m-²y- ³ hnt[-b-xz-{]-jym-]\w k` knôp\- Z- n a- p- ²y- -X-bpw DÅXpamb kzx{ k`mx-e-hsâ 8 X I\ymI- pa- mcn Øm\-am-bn-cp- p. AXnsâ ]Z-hn v At[m-KXn-bp- mbxv tdma³, ]mýmxy kpdn-bm\n k`-i-fp-am-bpå Ab- mâ axn-sb Cfhv `mc-x-k-`bv v \ÂIn. (Im- hsc hym]n- n-cp- WpI: t]àjy³ k`, ae- -c- HmÀ -tumivkv k-`m-hn- Xmbn Pkzn«v _Ôw-sIm- m-wv. Úm-\-tIm-iw, skan-\m-cn, tim«-bw, 1993) tcjif- p v k`m-`n- -X-IÄ H¼Xmw ixiw BZyw Xotam n H m-a³ ]m{xn-bà okv sa{xm- m-cpss sxc-sª -Sp pw AXn\v tae-²y- sâ Npa-Xe k`m-ip-{iq-j-sb- ]m{xn-bà o-knsâ AwKo-Imcw t\sp- Xpw hmgn- p- Xpw mfp]cn, `cwamsw Nn hfà p-h kml-n-cy- nâ k`bnâ XÀ - fpw hn`-p-\- -fp-ap- m-bn. cmjv{s- Ä X½n-epÅ kw_-ôn \nàt±-i- Ä \ÂIn. AXp-hsc C y-bnse sa{xm- mà tnà v ]m{xn-bà o-knsâ Fgp v sxc-sª -Sp- -s «aõ-chpw bp²hpw k`sbbpw _m[n- p. thzimkv{x]c-amb am\- Bfnsâ Xe-bn h v At±-ls sa{xm-t m-eo- m-bmbn Ä AXn Btcm-]n-Xam-bn. tdmw, Ae-Ivk{ ym, At ym-jym, 4 hmgn pibm-bn-cp p ]Xn-hv. tic-f- nâ Iq\³Ip-cnip kxy- t]àjy F n-hn-s- -fnse {][m\ tae-²y- - mà hnhn[ tncn-ifn-em-bn. hnim-k-]-c-amb `n -X-I-fmbn AXv ]cn-w-an- p. n\p tijw AÀ -Zn-bm-t ms\ sa{xm-\mbn hmgn- Xv C cw Hcp ]mc¼cy- nsâ ]n³_e- n-em-imw. Cu `n -X-IÄ BZy-Im-e v ae- -c-k-`sb _m[n- n-cp- n- Hcp k`m-²y- sâ \ncym-w-s - p-sà v ASp A²y- Ã. t]àjy-bnâ \n v h n-cp sa{xm- mà A[n-Im-c- n\pw `c- s\ hmgn- p- Xv B k`-bnse sa{xm- mà tnà m-w-tãm. W- n\pw {ian- m-sx Bßn-b-amb k`m-ip-{iq-j-bnâ am{xw {][m\ tae-²y- s\ Iogp-Å-hÀ tnà v Øm\m-tcm-lWw {i²n- n-cp Xn\m Cu k` {]iv\- -fn-ãmsx apt m-«p-t]m-bn. sn n- p- p F À w. Hcp k`bnâ C cw kµà`w D m-ipt¼mä hnizm-ssk-iy-apå CXck`-bnse {][m\ tae-²y- s\ ae- ck`-bpss CXc k`m_ô- Ä Wn v {][m-\-imà½n-i-\m- p coxnbpw D mbncp- p. ticf ss{ikvxhkaqlw Ing- ³kpdn-bm\n k`m-]m-c-¼cy-amwv ]n p-sà p h -Xv. t]àjy³ {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS tic-f- `mc-x-k-`m-²y- sâ ]Zhn amàt mam Çolm-bpsS `mc-x-k-`-bpss tae-²y- -Øm\w n-te- på IpSn-tbäw Cu _Ô- n\v iàn- ]-IÀ n-«p- v. "C y-bpss hmxnâ' F v hnfn- -s «sa{xm-\nâ Bbn-cp- p. t]mà«p-ko-kp-im-cp-ss B{I-aWw hsc-bpå k`m-n-cn{xw t\m n- Ime-{I-taW At±lw t]àjym-bnse ImtXm-en- m-bmâ \nb-an- bmâ C mcyw kphy-à-am-wv. AtX-k-abw A m-e- n-\n-s-bv v -s -«p-h- p. k`-bnâ D mb thz-im-kv{xxà - -fpw AXn-epÅ `mc-x-k-`m-²y- \v "C y apgp-h-sâbpw sa{xm-t m-eokm{ampym[n-]-xn-i-fpss CS-s]-S-ep-Ifpw aqe-ap- mb `n n- p-ifnâ ticf ss{ikvxhkaqlw ] p-tnà n-cp- n-ã. XÀ - Ä mbpw Ihm-Shpw' F m-bn-cp p Øm\-t -cv. ssaem- q-cnâ Hcp IÂZmbsa{Xm\pw k\ym-km-{i-ahpw D m-bn-cp- p. DS-se-Sp- pw-ap-¼på hnizm-khpw Bcm-[\mk{¼-Zm-b- fpw 5 ChnsS \ne-\n- p; ]e-t mgpw kµài-i-cmb tae-²y- - m-cpss simsp- -Ãqcp h v amà bmt m-_nsâ injy-\mb k- - k`m-]m-c-¼-cy- nsâ kzm[o-\w Ahn-S-hnsS A mâ -ambn dnbm si½m-i³ 1301  Fgp-Xnb Hcp tcj-bnâ (h n- m³ D m-bn-cp- psh nepw. timuivkv 22) "amà bmt m_v sa{xm-t m-eo m amàt m-½m- Ço-lm-bpsS k`-bpss A²y- \pw `c-wm-[n-im-cn-bp-am-ip- p. t]mà«p-ko-kp-imà ChnsS hcp- -Xp-hsc t]àjy-bnâ\n v AXm-bXv At±lw R -fp-ssbpw C y-bnse kie {InkvXym- sa{xm- msc e`n- p- -Xn\pw Ah-cn-eqsS k`m-ip-{iq-j-iä \nàæln- p- -Xn\pw XSÊ-ap- m-bn-cp- n-ã. \n-i-fp-ssbpw `c-wm-[n-im-cn-bm-ip- p' F v ImWp p. "amàt m- ½m-Ço-lm-bpsS k`' F {]tbmkw C y³k-`bv v am{xta k`m-`n- -X-bp-sSbpw A[n-Im-c-a-Õ-c- n-sâbpw Bi-b- A v Ah-Im-i-s -Sm-\m-Ip-am-bn-cp- p-åp. "C y-bnse kie Ä t]dn h t]mà«p-kokv anj-\-dn-amà Cu k`sb tdmanse {InkvXym-\n-I-fp-sSbpw `c-wm-[n-imcn' F {]tbmkw "C ybpss IhmSw' F -Xn\v ka-am-wv. {iaw snbvxp. (Iq-Sp-X hmb-\bv v t\m pi: Bishop Gregory ]m{xn-bà o-kn\v þ ]m mbv v þ Iogn-em- p-hm³ A{im- -]-cn- IÂZmb ]m{xn-bà o-kmbn-cp A_vZotim 1567  "C ybn-epå kpdn-bm-\n- m-cmb \½psS AP-K-W- sf hn`-pn v' Migrants of the Syro-Malabar Church. Thomas Christian Karemprel CMI, The Ecclesial Mission and Pastoral Care of the Heritage, 9

8 ImtXment äv Vol. 1, LRC Publications, Mount St. Thomas, Kakkanad, p.108) t]àjy-bnse ImtXm-en m Ab- p-h sa{xm- m-sc- s bpw tdmansâ Iogn-em- p-hm³ ssk\n-i-i-àn-sim pw aäpw {ian- p. ]ecpw AXn howp-t]m-bn. ]«- m-cnepw P\- -fnepw Hcp hn`mkw Ah-cpsS {]N-mc-W- -fnâs]«p. HSp-hn t]àjy³sa-{xm- m-cpss Chn-tS-bv på hc-hp-xs \ntcm-[n- p. kie A[n-Im-chpw anj-\-dn-am-cn-eqss tdman-te v ti{µo-i-cn- - s -«p. HSp-hn sa{xm- msc AhÀ \nb-an- p kml-n-cy-am-bn. t]mà«p-kokv k`mtimf\n Øm]n- p-hm\pw tdma³ k-`m- ]m-c-¼cyw ChnsS Dd- n- p-hm\pw \S- nb {ia- sf A -s ticf ss{ikvxhkaqlw FXnÀ p. ]s, ssk\y-_-ehpw AhÀ ]m«n-em- nb \m«p-cm-pm- - m-cpss k½à±hpw aqew FXnÀ p-iä HXp n tdma³]mc-¼cyw ASn-t  n- p-hm³ tkmh BÀ v -_n-j v DZ-bw-t]-cq-cn ]Ån-tbmKw hnfn- p-iq-«n. (Iq-Sp-X hmb-\bv v t\m pi: Fr. Dr. Xavier Koodapuzha, The Ecclesial Spirituality of the Syro-Malabar Church, Vol.3 Thomas Christian Heritage, LRC Publications, Mount St. Thomas, Kakkanad, p.43; Dr. Scaria Zacharia, Ed. The Acts and Decrees of the Synod of Diamber 1599, Indian Institute of Christian Studies, Edamattom, Introduction. p. 14, 15; Dr. Pius Malekandathil, Ed. Jornada, LRC publications, Kochi Introduction p. 51, 53) F mâ B kp -l-tzmkv Bcw-`n- Xv IÂZmb (hip-zm-in/ _mkvzmzv) ]m{xn-bà o-kv sia-tbm³ sz\vlmbpss t]cv IpÀ-ºm- \-bnâ HmÀ p-sim- mwv. t]àjy³k` tdmansâ Iogn-em-bn-cp- -Xn-\m tdman\v Cu k`-bnâ timbva D m-bn-cp- p-sh pw, Aà t]àjy³k` At ym- Jy³ k`-bpss Iogn-em-bn-cp- p-sh pw AXXp ]mc-¼cy-t m-sp Iqdp-Å-hÀ C v hmzn- p- Xv A s k`mkml-ncy- -sf- ad- ph- p-sim- m-wv. cmjv{sobkml-n-cy- -fmâ am{xw {][m\ k`m-ti-{µ- -fmbn hfà At ym-jy, tdma, Ae-Ivk-{ y, I k v X - o - t \ m k v t ] m e o k v F n - h - t b m S v hnizmsskiy-an-ãm-xn-cp (4-þmw \qäm- p- ap-x-â Xs ) t]àjy³km{am-py nse IÂZm-bk`bpambmWv ae- ck`bv v sshzni_ô-ap- m-bn-cp- - Xv. CXn-sem- n-sâbpw timbva IÂZmbk`-bn D m-bn-cp- n-ã. IÂZm-b-k-`-bn `n n- p- m-b-t mä AXn CS-s]«v B[n-]- Xy-ap-d- n- p-hm³ kpem- m-bpss Ime v (1551-þ1555) tdma³k` {ian- -Xn\p tij-amwv AhnsS tdmam_ôw XpS- n-b-xv. tdma³anj-\-dn-am-tcm-spå FXnÀ v si«-s- m-xn-cns ]qàæni]mc-¼-cy- n-te v as- m³ ae- -c-k` DZbwt]cqÀ kp -l-tzm-kn\p tijhpw ]cn-{i-an- p-sim- n-cp- p. bqtdm-]y- m-c-ãm sa{xm- mcmcpw Cu \m«nâ h p-tn-cm-xn-cn- p-hm³ IS-enepw Ic-bnepw t]mà«p-ko-kp-im-cpss I p- m-bn-cp- p. Ae- Ivkm-{ n-b, At ym-jym, t]àjy F o k`-i-fnâ \n v taâ - «- msc hcp- p-hm³ Cu k` \nc- cw ]cn-{i-an- p-sim- n-cp- p. ]Ån-IÄ Øm]n- p-hm\pw sshzn-ià p ]«w si«p-hm\pw sshznitae-²y- s\ e`n- p-i-bm-bn-cp p A s ae- -c-k-`bpss Bh-iyw. Hcp {]txyi k`-tbmsv am{x-a-ãmsx CXn\v A`yÀ \ \S- n-bxv Hcp ti{µ-t mspw \ap v hnt[-b-xz-an-ãmbncp p F -Xnsâ sxfn-hm-w-tãm. tdma³ t]àjy³ km{am-py- -fpss Iogn-e-Ãm-Xn-cp tic-f-k-`bv v kvt\l-_-ô- n-\p-]-cnbmb sshzn-i-ta-e-²y ]Zhn AwKo-I-cn-t Hcp _m²y- Xbpw km²y-xbpw CÃm-bn-cp- p. ae- -c-bn-te p h Al- Å F sa{xms\ t]mà«p-kokp-imà _Ô-\- n-em- n-bxpw AXns\ XpSÀ v P\- Ä hn¹h- n-s\m-cp- n-bxpw hnizmkw \ne-\nà p-hm³ hntz-i-an-j-\dn taât mbvabvs Xntc Iq\³Ip-cn-ip-kXyw snbvxxpw Cu kml-n-cy- n-em-wv. tdmanâ\n- -Ãm sa{xm- msc e`n- phm\på ]cn-{i-a- Ä Cu k` snbvxxv BZy-sam pw ^e-{]-z-am-bn-ã. HSp-hn Cu k`-bnse ]«- mcpw P\- fpw ]Ån-tbmKw tnà v AÀ -Znbm-t m³ F Øm\nsb sa{xm-\mbn (H mw amà m-½m) AwKo-I-cn- p. sa{xm- msc hmgn- p-in-«p-hm-\på kml-ncyw CÃmsX h - t mä \nàº-ôn-x-km-l-n-cy- nâ Chn-sS- s Hcmsf hmgn- "C y-bnse hnizm-kn-i-fpss Xe-h³' "PmXn p IÀ hy³' F o \ne-bnâ tic-f-{in-kvxym-\n-i-fpss Xe-h-\mb AÀ Zn-bm-t ms\ Akm-[m-c-Whpw AXym-h-iy-hp-amb kµà`- nâ k`m-x-e-h-\mb tae-²y- -\mbn DbÀ n-b-xnâ ssish- nsâ Xe-\m-cng Iodn ]cn-tim-[n v {Ia-cm-lnXyw Btcm-]n-t - - Xn-Ã. Ncn-{X- nâ ]e k`-i-fnepw Ah kzbw-ioàj-ixzw BÀÖn- -t mtgm aäv {]iv\-km-l-n-cy- -fntem Hs C cw Øm\m-tcm-l-W- Ä \S- n-«p- v. (Im-WpI: ^m. tum. tpm kv F{_lmw tim\m«v, tzio-b-x-bn-te- på ae- -c-k-`-bpss hfà bnâ ImtXm-en-t äv Øm]-\- nsâ {]kàn, sshj-cn, I - \msv `{Zm-k\w ] -c-p-x-pq-_n-en- kva-c-wn-i) Ic-bnepw IS-enepw B[n-]Xyw ]peà n-b-hà tdma³k-`-bp-ts-x-ãm Hcp tae-²y- sâ tkh\w ]qàæn-i-]m-c-¼-cym-\p-k-cww Cu k`bv v e`n- p- -Xn\v Akm²y-am-Ipw-hn[w Cu k`sb Iq p-hn-e- n-en«- t mä, k`-bnâ \n n-]vx-amb ]utcm-ln-xy-\âhcw ssiamdn Øm\m-tcm-lWw \S- n-bxv alm-]m-]-a-ã. C v Aew-Ly-sa v sim«n-tlm-jn- p Imt\m\pw N«- fpw A v A{X IÀ -iamb Imcy- -fmbn Icp-X-s -«n-cp- p-an-ã. Hcp ]mc-¼-cy- n-sâbpw Imt\m-sâbpw ]n³_-e-an-ãmsx, A\-[n-Ir-X-ambn Cu k`bnâ tae-[n-imcw t\sn-b-hà v AXn-s\- p-dn v Bt -]n- p-hm³ [mà½n-i-ambn Hc-h-Im-i-hp-an-Ã. GÃm k`-bp-ssbpw {][m\tae- ²y- sâ Øm\-t v Iogp-Å-h-cmWv hmgvn \S- p- Xv F Xpw HÀ -Ww. ssish- nsâ CS-ap-dn-bm {iwj-em-_-ô-s - än Xe-\mcng Iodn ]cn-tim-[n- p- -hà Hcp Imcyw ad- -cp-xv. Hcp k`m-x-etae-²y- sâ Npa- Xe k`m-ip-{iq-js b - m f p ] c n, ` c W a m s W Nn hfà p-h kml-n-cy- nâ k`-bnâ XÀ - fpw hn`-p-\- - fp-ap- m-bn. p-sh- p-åxv AXp-hsc D m-im Imcy-am-bn-cp- p. sa{xms\ hmgn- p-hm-\på kwhn-[m\w ChnsS A\n-hm-cy-am-sW Imcyw At t_m²y-am-b-xm-wv. ae- -c- ]ÅntbmK- Ä 10 Cu k`-bpss s]mxp-`-c-w-im-cy- Ä AÀ -Zn-bm-t msâ t\xr-xz- nâ \S- p ]Ån-{]-Xn-\n-[n-tbm-K-amWv \ný-bn- n-cp- -Xv. t]mà«p-kokv ssk\y-_-ehpw \m«p-cm-pm- - m-cpss ]n p- Wbpw D m-bn-«pw, tkmh BÀ v _nj v sa\-kokv Chn-Ss ]Ån-tbmKw hnfn- p-iq-«p-hm-\på Ipdn ]Ån-IÄ -b-bv p-hm³ BÀ -Zn-bm-t ms\ k½à±w snep n k½-xn- n- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. hntzinbmb tkmh k`m-²y- sâ (]s{zm-hmszm) A[n-Imcw A v ae- -c Ån-I-fn hne-t m-ip-am-bn-cp- n-ã. (AXp-sIm- mwv tic-f- nâ Hcp {InkvXy³ dn -»n- mwv DÅ-sX v 18-þmw \qäm- nâ ]uen-t\mkv Fgp-Xn-b-Xv.) ae- ck`bnse Bc-m[-\m-N- m-cm-\p-jvtm-\- fpw `c-w-{i-a- fpw Imem-\p-krXw \ný-bn v {Ia-hXv -cn- p-hm³ ap¼pw ]Ån-tbm-K- Ä tnà v Xocp-am-\- -sf-sp- n-«p- v. A -am-en, Be- msv, ]p ³Im-hv, I -\m-sv, BÀ mäv, amth-en- -c, XpS nb Øe- -fnâ tnà ]Ån-tbm-K- Ä Fgp-Xn-h ]Sntbm-e-IÄ k`mn-cn-{x-tc-j-i-fnâ ImWmw. C s k`m`c-w-l- S-\-bpsS aqe-cq-]- Ä Ch-bn Is - mw. A cw tbmkxocpam-\- -tfmsv CS-h-I- -Ån-IÄ v XnIª hnt[-bxzw D m-bn-cp- p. ImcWw Ah Ah-cpsS {]Xn-\n[n-IÄ tnà v kpnn- n-xambn FSp- p Xocp-am-\- -fm-bn-cp- p. (Im-WpI: Fr. Dr. Xavier Koodapuzha, The Ecclesial Spirituality of the Syro-Malabar Church, Vol.3 Thomas Christian Heritage, LRC Publications, Mount St. Thomas, Kakkanad, p.37, 38) kndn-b³ k`m_ôw tdma³ anj-\-dn-am-tcm-spå FXnÀ v HSp-hn s]m«n-s -dn-bn-se- n-bxv hntz-i- p-\n v h Al- Å F taâ -«- m-cs\ t]mà«p-ko-kp-imà a«m-t -cn-bnâ IS-en si«n- mgv n sim p-ifª p F hmà aqe-am-bn-cp- p. (Cu taâ «- mc³ GXp ]mc-¼-cy- nâ \n på Bfm-bn-cp- psh v XoÀ -bm- p-hm³ Ncn{XtcJ-IÄ hyà-a-ã. GXm-bmepw kndn-b³ At ymjym ]m{xn-bà okv AÃm-bn-cp- p-sh v ]m{xnbà o-kp-am-cpss ]«n-i-bnâ \n v hyà-am-b-dn-bmw, C pw A s\ NneÀ BW-bn-Sp- ps - nepw!) XpSÀ p- mb ]Åntbm-K- Ä anj-\-dn-amcpambpw tdmap-ambpw CS- m-e- p- mb _Ô- Ä ]dn-s -dn-ª p. A v s]mxp k`mt\xrxzw hln- ncp AÀ -Zn-bm-t ms\ taâ -«- m-c-\mbn hmgn- p-ibpw snbvxp. H mw amàt m-½m F m-wn-t±lw hnfn- -s -Sp- -Xv.

9 ImtXment äv hsâ ac-w-tijw ASp Xe-h³ Øm\-ta- p- -Xphsc Cu {iwj-e-bpss I n apdn-bp-i-bm-w-tãm. ]pxnb Hcmsf hmgn- p- t¼mä ]«-Xz- nsâ XpSÀ Df-hm-Ip- -Xmbpw Icp-X-s -Sp- p. ChnsS Hcp Xe-hsâ ssish- -ÃtÃm ]n p-sà - m-c\v e`n- p- -Xv. k`-bpss {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb sa{xm- mtcm IÀ±n-\m-Äamtcm k`m-k-aq-ltam Hcmsf sxc-sª -Sp- n«v sa{xm- mcpw sshzn- Icpw P\- fpw Hcp-an- mwv ]n p-sà - m-csâ hmgvn ]qà o-icn- p- -Xv. AXn-\À w tbip-avin-lm-bpss ]utcm-ln-xy- \Âhcw k`-bn-em-wv \ne-\nâ p- sx -mwv. AXv k`sb {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn- p Øm\n-I-fpsS ssish- n-eq-ss-bmwv ssiamdp- -Xv. GIØm\nbpsS kz -aã Cu ssish v; k`-bp-ts-xm- Wv. k`-bn-emwv ]«Xzw F -Xn-\m Hcp Øm\n-bpsS \ncym- Wtam k`m-{`w-itam ssish- nsâ {iwj-e-bnâ hns-hp- m- p-ibn-ã. Cu kxyw kss`iy-nà -bnâ ]cn-k-wn-t - -Xp- v. H¼Xmw ixi nâ Xotam n H m-a³ ]m{xnbà oknsâ Imew hsc C y-bnse sa{xm- mà tnà v ]m{xnbà o-knsâ Fgp v sxc-sª -Sp- -s «Bfnsâ Xe-bn h v At±-ls sa{xm-t m-eo- m-bmbn hmgn pibm-bn-cp p ]Xn-hv F v ap¼v kqnn- n- -XmWv. Iq\³Ip-cnip kxy- n\p tijw AÀ -Zn-bm-t ms\ sa{xm-\mbn hmgn- Xv C cw Hcp ]mc¼cy- nsâ _e- n-em-imw. Al- -Åm-bpsS Hcp Iev]\{]Im-camWv hmgvn \S- -sx- Xpw HmÀ -Ww. At ym-jy³_ôw Cu taâ -«m-csâ ssish- nsâ \yq\-x-sb- p-dn v tdma³] w D -bn Btcm-]Ww adn-i-s- p-hm³ Cu sa{xm- msc hmgn- p-in-«p-hm-\på kml-ncyw k`bv v ho pw CXc k`mtae-²y- - m-tcmsv `mc-x-k-`m-²y- CÃmsX h -t mä \nàº-ôn-x-km-l-n-cy- nâ A v klmbw A`yÀ nt n-h p. sshtz-inik`-ifpss Bßn-I-`-c-W-k-{¼-Zm-b- Ä t]mà«p-kokv Ime- h-sâbpw sa{xm- \v "C y apgp- Chn-sS- s Hcmsf hmgn- p-sh- p-åxv AXp-hsc D m-im Imcy-am-bn-cp- p. sa{xms\ hmgn- p-hm- L«w apxâ ChnsS ]cn-n-bn-t - n-h- -Xnsâ ^eamb Hcp tim«ambn CXns\ ImW-Ww. AXnsâ ^e- Ihm-Shpw' F mt m-eo- mbpw \på kwhn-[m\w ChnsS A\n-hm-cy-am-sW Imcyw At t_m²y-am-b-xm-wv. B t_m²yw {]mtbm-kn-iam n F -XmWv ImtXm-en-t -änsâ {]k-àn-bpss ambn At ymjy³ kpdn-bm\nk`-bp-ambn \ap v bn-cp p Øm\- _Ô-ap- m-bn. XpSÀ på Ime-L-«n Wn- - t -cv. c m-as hkvxp-x. s «pw AÃm-sXbpw tae-²y- - m-cpss Npa-X-e-IÄ ae- -c-k`-bnâ tziobk`m-²y- sâ ]Zhn ChnsS \nàæ-ln- p-hm³ h ]nxm - mà hnhn[ ]p\xøm-]n- -Xp-hgn ae- -c-k`-bpss kzmx{ yhpw k`m]mc-¼-cy- nâ \n vþae-ivkm-{ nb, At ymjym, kzbwioàj-i-xzhpw ]p\-cp-²-cn- -s -«p. At ym-jy³ ]m{xnbà o-knsâ t\xr-xzhpw A\p-hm-Zhpw D m-bn«pw hnaài\w sx{knkv, t]àjy³ s\kvtxmà IÂZ-mb, AXnÂXs It men mk`-bnâ tnà -hcnâ \n v þ DÅ-h-cm-bn-cp- p. (Cu Hgn-hm-bn-Ã. km[p-hmb ]«-Xz- nsâ \yq\-xbpw aäpw hnj-bam n B \S-]-Snsb Hcp Iq«À AwKo-I-cn- n-ã. ImtXm-en- m-bpss taâ -«- mà ]mýmxy ]uckvxy kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-i-fnâ \n p-åh-cm-bn-cp p A[n-I-hpw. Ah-scms GsX- nepw `{Zm-k-\-`cWw D m-bn-cp- -htcm AXp-t]- n p t]m -htcm BIm³ XpSÀ p. ]t, 1958þse k`mkam-[m-\- nâ Hcp {]iv\hpw ]n³km-anisf ae- -c-k` hmgn- -t mä hnaài\w ià-ambn km²y-x-bn-ã. {]txy-i -km-l-n-cy- nâ Chn-tS p t]mcp-hm³ IqSmsX B Øm\n AwKo-Ir-X-\m-bn. k`m-x-e-h-\mbn Hcmsf hmgn- -s -«-h-cm-imw. ]ecpw XncnsI t]mbn. Nne-scms Cu hmgn- p- Xv ]mc-¼-cy-hn-cp-²-amb H -sã v hnaàii- À pw a nâ hnebw {]m]n- p.) F mâ {ItaW At ym-jy³k`-bpambn _Ôw iàn-s -Sp-I-bpw, A q-«- nâ \n v -h ]nxm- - t_m²ya- p - mb- nc- ps- v CXv sxfnb- n - p - p. m-cn-eqss At yjy³ Bcm[\m{Iaw (]m-ýmxy kpdn-bm-\n) ChnsS thcq- p-ibpw snbvxp. F mâ BÀ v _nj v sa\- kokv IÂZmbkpdn-bm\n Bcm-[\{Ia- Ä amän, e o³ {Ia nsâ kpdn-bm\ncq]w {]N-cn- n- p-hm³ {ian- n«pw, 100 hàj-t mfw ap¼pw, t]àjy³ (IÂZ-b) ]uckvxy kpdn-bm\n Bcm-[\{Ia- Ä ]g-b -]-Ån-I-fn-sems D m-bn-cp- p. Cw ojv anj-\-dn-amà Bw n- ³ anj-\-dn-am-cpss hchpw Ahcpw ae- -c-k-`-bp-ambpå k¼à hpw AXnsâ ssiyn-eyhpw ]n osv At ym-jy³ _Ôw Dd- n- p -{]-Jym-]n- p-hm³ CS-bm- n. t]mà«p-ko-kp-im-sct m-sexs Bw n- ³k`-bnse ]nâ me anj-\-dn-amà cmp- Iob ]n³_e-t mss Cu k`-bnâ \ho-i-cwhnizmkw \S- m p-hm³ {ian- -t mä, AXn \n på c m-amà w F \ne-bnâ At ym-jy³ ]m{xn-bà o-knsâ t\xrxzw Cu k` {]Jym-]n- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. B \S-]-Sn-I-fpsS ]cn-wx^e-amwv kndn-b³k`bpss ]t{xmkv XrXo-b³ ]m{xn-bà okv _mh tic-f- nâ hcp-hm³ CS-bm-b-Xv. anj-\-dn-am-cpss k`m\ho-icw{ia- sf sndp- p-hm³ _mhm-bpss t\xr-xz- nâ ae- c]ån-tbmkw apf- p-cp- n-bnâ tncp-ibpw ]qàæn-i-]m-c-¼cy -fpss ASn-Øm-\- nâ C på `cwkwhn-[m-\- -fpss Hcp cq]-tcj D m-ip-ibpw snbvxp. ae- ck`-bpss Xe-h-\mb ae- -c-sa-{xm-t m-eo- m-bpss ]Zhn ]ucm-wn-ihpw, cmp-m m-cmâ AwKo-I-cn- -s «p t]m - Xpam-Wv. t\ct kqnn- n "C y-bpss IhmSw' F ]Z-hnbpsS XpSÀ AXn-\p- m-bn-cp- p. AÀ -Zn-bm-t msâ ]Z-hnbpw AXn kt½-fn- n-cp- p, H mw amàt m½m sa{xmsâ Imew apxâ. F mâ At ymjym ]m{xn-bà o-kp-am-bpå _Ôw iàn-s -Sp-Ibpw Ah-cn-hnsS t\cn«v Imep-Ip- p-ibpw snbvxt mä ap-xâ Cu Øm\hpw ]Z-hnbpw \yq\-h-xv -cn- p-hm³ {ia-ap- m-bn. sa{xm³hm-gvnbv v ]m{xn-bà o-kns\ B{i-bnt - n-h- -Xn-\mÂ, AhÀ ae- -c-sa-{xm-t m-eo- m-]-z-hnsb Xmgv p-hm³ th n, k`sb ]m{xn-bà o-knsâ t\cn-«på `c-w- n³io-gpå `{Zm-k-\- -fm n hn`-pn- p-hm³ {ian- p. ae- -c-sb Ggp `{Zm-k-\- -fmbn hn`-pn- Xv Imem-\p-kr-X-amb `cw-{i-a-h- XvI-c-W- n\v DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. ImtXm-en-t -änsâ {]k-àn ae- -c-k-`bv v {][m-\-ta-e²y Øm\n- mbn t]àjybnse ImtXm-en-t m-kns\ B{i-bn-t - n-h n-cp- p. ]nâ m- e v tdmansâ ]s{zmhmtzm A[n-Im-c- n³io-gnâ t]mà«p-k-ens\bpw AXn-\p- tijw At ymjym ]m{xn-bà o-kn-s\bpw sa{xm³hm-gvnbv v B{in-t - -Xmbn h p. Chn-sS- s sa{xms\ hmgn- p-hm³ ]gp-xn-ãm-bn-cp- p. B Ipdhv ]cn-l-cn- p- hm³ ImtXm-en- m-øm-]-\- n\v þ ImtXm-en-t -än\v þ km[n- p- p-sh- -XmWv AXnsâ {]k-àn-bpss BZy-h-kvXp-X  ChnsS ImtXm-en mhmgvn \S- Xv Iq\³Ip-cnip kxy-s - p-sà p- mb sa{xm³hmgvn t]mse A\n-hmcy-amb Hcp \S-]-Sn-bmbn ImW-Ww. ae- -c-bnse ImtXm-en m, skeq-iy-bnse ImtXm-en- m-bpsstbm, AXÃ, sx{ko-knse ImtXm-en- m-bp-sstbm BcpsS ]n³km-an-bmwv F -Xn-s\-s mãn XÀ n- p-i-tbm, ssihbv- p- {iw-j-e-bnse I n-bpss F w ]d-bp-itbm sn phm³ Xe ]p m-t - -Xn-Ã. tzio-b-k`-bpss A²y- -\mbn HcmÄ hmgn- - s -«n-cn- p psh -XmWv {][m-\w. (t\m- pi: ae- -c-hmà tumivkv k-`m-hn-úm-\-tim-iw, a{^n-bm-\. t]. 610) tzio-b-k-`bpss Xe-h-\mbn tic-f- nâ D m-bn-cp tae-²y- sâ Øm\w ]p\x-øm-]n- -Xp-hgn sa{xm- msc hmgn- p-hm³ ae- -ck-`-bv p- m-bn-cp XSÊw CÃm-sX-bm-bn. asämcp k`-sbbpw C m-cy- nâ B{i-bn-t - -Xn-sà AhØ kwpm-x-am-bn. ^e- nâ C y³k-`-bpss ]qàæni]zhn hos -Sp p. Cu \S- ]Sn AIm-t\m-\n-Ihpw km[p-hmb ssish- n-ãm- -Xp-sas ms Bt -]n- p- À sshtz-in-i-k-`-bpss timf-\n-bmbn Cu k`sb \ne-\nà p-hm³ Ipg-eq-Xp- -h-cm-wv. (N-cn-{X- nâ C cw AImt\m\nIhpw Akm-[m-c-W-hp-amb \S]SnIÄ D mbn-«p-ap- v. amà tpmk^v sk_-kvxym\n Hä-bv mwv ]gbiqänse ]d¼nâ Nm n sa{xms\ hmgn Xv. s{]m -K³Um BRvP-eqkv {^m³kn-kns\ ae-_m-dnse hnimcn Bt m-kvtxmen- m-bm- n. t]mà«p-kokv ]s{zm-hmtzm sa{xm- m-cmcpw sa{xm-`ntjiw \ÂIn-bn-Ã. It m-en- cpw AI-t m-en- -cp-amb kpdnbm-\n- m-cpss {ia-^-e-ambn h IÂZmbsa{Xm-\mb amà siahqs\ kq{x- nâ D]-tbm-Kn v Häbv v sa{xm-`n-tjiw \S- n- p. ]n osv amà sia-hqs\ t]m n-t -cn-bn-te p IS- n. At±lw AhnsS Hcp InW-än acn- p-in-s- p F v tum. ¹mknUv s]msn- 11

10 ImtXment äv ] -c-am-äpå ImtXm-en-t äv H p am{xw si.-hn. am½³ tim«-  ae- -c-k-`-bnâ Øm]n- -s «ImtXm-en-t -änsâ ixm- _vznthf-bn-â, B Øm]-\- nsâ B²ym-ßn-Ihpw `uxn-i-hpamb {]m[m\yw IW- n-se-sp v, k-`m-sn-øm-\- nâ H«-[nIw cn-\m-ßi ]cn-]m-sn-iä Bkq-{XWw snbvx,v \S- m- p Xn\pÅ Hcp- - Ä ]qà n-bmb ]Ým- -e- nâ, hyh- Øm-]n-X-amb ImtXm-en-t -änsâ t\«- fpw tim«- fpw kzm`m-hn-i-ambpw Nn m-hn-j-b-am-ip- p- v. CXn-\Iw ]e Øe- -fnepw ixm_vzn kw_-ôn NÀ- -Ifpw kt½-f-\- fpw \S n k`mw-k- sf Cu Imcy- nâ IqSp-X t_m[- hm- m-cm n hcp p F Xv ipt`m-zà -am-wv. XpSÀ pw FÃm `{Zmk-\- fpw k`-bpss `mhn-sb- än NÀ -IÄ kwl-sn- n-t - -Xm-Wv. k`m-ti-{µ-amb tim«-b- p-h p \S-t - n-bncp kam-]\kt½-f\w sim n-bnâ \S- p- Xv sx pw hs pw DÅ ]Ån-IÄ v IqSp-X kui-cy-{]-zambn kw_-ôn- p- -Xn-\m-bn-cn- -Ww. k`sb FÃm-hn- [- nepw iàn-s -Sp- p- -Xn\pw k`-bpss anj³ I n «n {]hà -\- Ä pw B²ym-ß-n-I, Poh-Im-cpWy k`bv v {]hà -\- Ä pw ]pxp-po-h³ {]Zm\w sn p - Xn\pw ixm_vzn BtLm-j- Ä DX-I-Ww. ae- -c-bnâ Øm]n-X-amb tijhpw Hcn- epw ]W-b-s -Sp- n-bn-«n- Ãm k`-bpss -kzm-x-{ yw A\yq\w ]cnc- n- p- - Xn\pw CS- m-e v Hcp {]txyi Npäp-]m-Sn ssihn-«p-t]mb B²ym-ßnI kzmx{ yw A`n-am-\-]qÀÆw hos -Sp- p- -Xn\pw ImtXm-en-t -än\v cmjv{s- nsâ ]c-tam- X \oxn-\ym-b-tim-s-xnbnâ \n v tnmzyw sn m-\m-hm AwKo-Imcw In«p -Xn\pw km[n p F Xv k`bv p e`n Akp-e` `mkyw amx-am-wv. amà txmam Çolm Øm]n ae- -c-k-`bpw t]àjy³ k`bpw X½nepÅ _Ô- nsâ XpSÀ -sb \ne-bnâ, Ime- Ä IS-t, ae- -c-bnâ \ne-hnâ h ImtXm-en-t äv ]p\xøm]n- -Xm-sW pw ]pxp-xmbn cq]w-sim- -Xm-sW pw aäp-apå XÀ - Ä, B Øm]\w XI-À m³ BIm- -h w Hcp bmymà y-ambn Dd ine-taâ \ne-sim-åp- -Xn-\mÂ, Ime-l-c-W-s -«n-cn- p- p. ae- ck` Ht -bp-åp-sh pw AXnsâ ImtXm-en- mbpw ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo- bpw ]: ImtXm-en m _mhm-bm-sw pw 1958 epw ]n ospw kp{]ow-tim-s-xn-bnse PUvPn-amÀ hn[n Fgp- Xnbn«p v. Hcp Ime v "hr²³ ]p qkv' F p ]dª v \S hà ]n osv 1958 se kp{]o-w-tim-sxn hn[n-sb- p-sà v At±-ls ]cn-ip² _mhm-bmbn AwKo-I-cn- p-ibpw BN{µ- Xmcw ImtXm-en-t -änsâ Iogn \ne-sim-åp-sa v Bdmw amàt m½m A y-hn-{iaw simåp ]p ³Imhv ]Ånsb km n-\nà n AÀ i bv ns-bn-ãmsx {]kvxm-hn- p-ibpw snbvxxv shdpw A c Zim-_vZ- Ä p ap³]m-i-bmâ F X v AsXÃmw ImWp-Ibpw t\cn«p tiä p-ibpw A`n-amsNbvX H«-[nIw kpoh km n-iä C pw k`-bnâ D v. ImtXm-en-t -än\v ]c-tam- X tims- X n - b n  \ n p w tnmzyw-sn- m-\mhm AwKo-Imcw \n- m-hp Imcyam-Wv. kap-zm-b-t kv 1951þ Xncp-hn-Xmw-IqÀ-þ-sIm n sslt m-sxn ImtXm-en m hn`mk- n-s\-xn-cmbn hn[n- -Xns\XpSÀ v ]: KohÀKokv c m-a³ _mhmbv v 1952  Ipdp- w-]sn {]f-bn- msv ssaxm-\ v HmÀ tumivkv k` Hcp henb kzoicww \ÂIn. _mhm-bpss kzoicw tlmj-bm-{x-bvs -Xnsc sslkviqä A²ym-]-I³ IqSn-bm-bn-cp ]utemk- sâ t\xr-xz- nâ Øes Nne {]am-wn-am-cpss kl-i-c-w-t mss Ipsd hnzymà n-i-sfbpw ]md kn.fw sf., amàt m½m {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS hfà bpw XfÀ -bpw F {KÙ- nâ ]d-bp- p- v. ]pdw. 55. XncphnXmw- IqÀ tìäv am\p-henepw CXv ImWmw. ]pdw.190, 191. Im«p-a- m«v Iqdn-tem-kns\ amà {KotKm-dn-tbmkv Hä-bv mwv hmgn- -Xv.) ]ucm-wn-i-amb t]àjy³ ImtXm-en-t -änsâ ae- -c-bnse ]p\x-øm-]\w, Cu k`-bpss kzmx-{ hpw kzbwioàj-ixzhpw {]Jym-]n- p-ibpw {]m-hà n-i-am- p-ibpw snbvxp-. C-XmWv ImtXm-en-t -änsâ {]kàn-bpss aq m-as hkvxp-x. ImtXm-en- m-øm-]\w 1912-þ ChnsS D mb-xv k`m-`n- -X-bpsS ]Ým- -e- n-emwv. A v AXn\v s]mxpth AwKo-Im-c-ap- m-bn-ã. At ymjym ]m{xn-bà o-kns\ A\p-Iq-en- p- Ibpw ImtXm-en- msb \ntj-[n- p-ibpw snbvxph k`m-hn-`mkw ]n osv 1958þ AXns\ AwKo-I-cn- p. ImtXm-en m]z-hn-bnâ k`m-²y- s\ hmgn- Xpw \ne-\n-dp- p- Xpw Hcp A]-cm-[- ambn I n-cp At ymjy³]m{xn-bà okv A\p-Iq-en-IÄ, HSphn B Øm\n p kam- -c-ambn t{ijvt-im-txm-en- msb -þ At±lw ]m{xn-bà o-knsâ Iogn Hcp \maam{x]zhnbmwv hln- p- sx- nepw þ hmgn- p-i- hgn, Hcp ixm_vzw ap¼på ae- c HmÀ -tumivkv k`-bpss [oc-\-s-]sn icn-bm-sw v ]tcm- -ambn k½-xn- n-cn- p- p. tdmw am{x-amwv GI-ta-e-²y- ³ F v hmzn- p-h-cp kotdm ae- -c- -t m-en- À X -fpss {][m\ tae-²y- s\ þ tapà BÀ v _nj- ns\ þ ImtXm-en-t mkv F v hnfn- v A`nam\n p- p, tdmw CXv k½-xn- p- n-sã- n-epw. \ho-i-c-w- nsâ t]cnâ Cu k`-bnâ\n v hnl-sn- pt]mb amàt m-½m-k-`- X fpss {][m\ tae-²y- s\ "henb sa{xm-t m-eo m' F mwv hnfn- p- -Xv. CsXÃmw ImtXm-ent -änsâ {]k-àn-sb-bmwv shfn-s -Sp- p- -Xv. a e - - c - k ` - b n  t Z i o b k ` m - ² y - s â ] Z h n ]p\xøm-]n- -Xphgn ae- -c-k`bpss kzmx{ yhpw k z b w i o À j - I - Xzhpw ]p\-cp-²-cn- -s -«p ss{ikvx-h-k-`-bnse Hmtcm {]tz-i pw {][m\ tae-²y- - m-cpss t\xr-xz- nâ þ kzbw-ioàj-i-x-bnâ þ k` \ne-\n- p-sh- Xv t\cs kqnn n- -Xm-Wv. cmpy- -fnse k`-iä kzx-{ hpw kzbw-ioàj-ixzw DÅ-Xp-am-bn-cp- p. ]mýmxy km{am-py-xz-kzm-[o-\-amwv Ahsb CÃm-Xm n k`-i-fnâ CX-c-k- `-I-fpsS timf-\n-k-{¼-zmbw sim p-h- -Xv. ae- -c-k` t]àjy-bnâ\n- på sa{xmsâ tae- ²y- -X-bn kzx-{ hpw kzbw-ioàj-ixzapå-xp-ambn-cp- p. AXv \jvs-s -«Xv tdmw, At ymjym F n-hn-s- -fnse {][m\ tae-²y- - m-cpss Ahn-ln-Xhpw A\m-im-kyhpw A\-[n-Im-cn-I-hp-amb {]hà -\- Ä aqe-am-wv. Npcp- - nâ Hcp k`bv v {][m\tae-²y- s\ hmgn- p-hm-\på kwhn-[m-\w, k`-bv p- th ]ptcm-k- Xn pw {]hà -\- n\pw th n CX-c-k-`Isf B{ibn- msx sa{xm- msc hmgn- p-hm-\på km²yx, k`bpss kzmx-{ yw, kzbw-ioàj-ixzw F n-hbv v A\nhm-cy-amb {][m\ tae-²y- Øm\- nsâ e`yx F nh-bmwv ImtXm-en-t -änsâ {]k-àn-bpss hkvxp-x-i-fmbn t_m²y-am-ip- -Xv. Ipdn- p-iä 1. tum. ¹mknUv s]msn-]md kn.fw sf., amàt m½m {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS hfà bpw XfÀ -bpw? B{iaw {]kv, am m- \w, ]pdw Sn. ]pdw Sn. ]pdw Sn. ]pdw Sn. ]pdw. 26, Sn.- ]pdw Sn.- ]pdw. 32,33, Sn. ]pdw

11 ImtXm-en-t äv Iq«n ]cn-ip² _mhmsb \nµn h w Hcp kwlw Bfp- IÄ ap{zm-hm-iy- Ä apg- n-s m v tdmunsâ hi- -fnâ AWn- \n-c- n-cp- p se kp{]o-wtim-sxn hn[n ]: KohÀKokv c m-a- \mwv bymà ImtXm-en- bpw ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo- mbpw F v {]Jym-]n- -txmss ChÀ At±-ls kµàin- p-ibpw At±-l-hp-ambn \nc m-ip-ibpw snbvxp. taâ -dª hn[n-sb- p-sà v A s hnl-snx sa{xm³amà kam-[m\w Øm]n-Xam-Ip-hm³ X h w apjy-[m-c-bn-te p IS- p-h-cn-ibpw ]: KohÀKokv c ma³ _mhmbv v Iogvs -Sp-Ibpw snbvxp. AhÀ v \ne-hnâ AhÀ kmcyyw hln- n-cp `{Zm-k-\- Ä Xs ]p\x{iao-i-c-w- nepw e`n- p. k`m kam-[m-\s ]qà ambpw DÄs m A -amen `{Zm-k-\- nsâ hb-en- d- ¼n KohÀKokv amà {KotKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n 1966  Imew snbvx-xns\xpsà v ae- -c-k-`-bpss Aw_m-k-UÀ F v Adn-bs -«n-cp tum. ^nen-t mkv amà sxtbm^n-temkv Xncp-ta\n `cww Gsä-Sp- p. ]e-x-c- nepw tkmt±-i-]-c-amb {]hà -\- Ä v At±lw ap³ssi FSp- p-sh- nepw "At ymjym t{]aw' a\-ênâ Xmtem-en- n-cp- -hcpw `{Zm-k\Iu knâ AwK- -fm-bn-cp- -hcpw Bb ]utem-k- \pw a m«p-]ån AIvkm- -d- \pw Iq«m-fn-Ifpw tnà v X{ -]-c-ambn Ie-l- nsâbpw hntzz-j- nsâbpw hn p-iä hnx p XpS n. t_mws_ `{Zm-k-\- nsâ cq]o-i-c-w- n\pw hfà bv pw Ch hgn-sxfn p F Xv sszh-\n-tbmkw F p a\-ên-em- mw. k`m kam-[m\w \ne-hnâ h Xns\XpSÀ v I -\msv `{Zmk\- nâ ko\n-bà Bbn-cp- Xv HutK³ amà Xntam- ntbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bm-bn-cp- p. AXp-sIm v ]utemkv amà ]oivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta-\nsb AhnsS klmb sa{xm-t m-eo B p-i-bm-wp- m-b-xv. CXv At±-ls AXr-]vX-\m- p-ibpw "At ymjy aqhvsaân\v' cq]w-sim-sp- p-ibpw snbvxp. GXm\pw hàj- Ä, Xs ]n p-w-bv pibpw hnhn[ `mk- fn-embn NnX-dn- n-s- p-ibpw snbvxn-cp Ipsd CS-h-I-I-fp-ambn tnà v At±lw Ign-ª p-iq-sn. ]: KohÀKokv c m-a³ _mhm Imew snbvx-xn-\mâ ]n³km-an-bmbn sxc-sª -Sp- -s -«n-cp HutK³ amà Xntam- n-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ImtXm-en m Øm\m-tcml-W- n\v t\xrxzw simsp- p-hm³ ]: bmt m_v XrXo-b³ ]m{xn-bà okv _mh ae- -c-bnâ F n. Cu kml-n-cy- nâ ]utemkv amà ]oe-ivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta-\n v I -\msv `{Zm-k-\- nsâ ]qà Npa-Xe e`n- p-ibpw k`m- -co w Gähpw im am-ip-ibpw snbvxp. CXv 1964  Bbn-cp- p. F mâ k`-bnse im X Hcp Zim-_vZ- nâ ]c-amwv \o p-\n- -Xv IfpsS D -cmà²- nâ Xs {]iv\- Ä Xe-s]m- p-ibpw ae- -c-k-`-bpss `c-w-l-s-\m-]-c-amb AwKo- Imcw CÃmsX Chn-sS-\n v sshzn-ià kndn-bm-bnâ t]mbn sa{xmt m-eo- m-am-cmbn Xncn- p-h-cn-ibpw snbvxp XpS- n-bxv ho pw k`-bnse kam-[m\w XIÀ s -Sp-hm³ kwk-xn-bm-hp-ibpw snbvxp. Cu kml-n-cy- nâ ]utemkv amà ]oe-ivkn-t\m-kv, bmt m_v aq m-a³ ]m{xn-bà o-kn\v Hcp hnt[b DS-¼Sn Fgp- Xn-s m-sp- v, icn-bmb A[n-Im-ctam Øm\tam CÃm "t{ijvt' ImtXm-en- m-bmbn Øm\w G p-ibpw snbvxp. C cw Hcp hnt[b DS-¼Sn kzmx-{ y-t_m[w DÅ Hcmfpw Hcn- epw Fgp-Xn-s m-sp- p-i-bn-ãm-sb p hàj- Ä p tijw At±lw Xs shfn-s -Sp- n-bn-«p- v. "t{ijvt' ImtXm-en m kvym\w hln- th A -am-en-bnse Xsâ `c-w-ko-a-bnâ s]sp ]Ån-I-fn {]th-in- p -XnÂ\n pw A v A -am-enbpss hnl-snx sa{xm-\m-bn-cp txmakv amà Zoh- m-kn-tbmkv cpn-ìà t\m«okv aptj\ At±-ls hne- p-ibpw snbvxp. Hcp k`m-[y- -\mb ]m{xn-bà o-kn-sâtbm ImtXm-en- m- bp-sstbm amà]m- -bp-sstbm Iogn t]cpw ame-ifpw NmÀ n asämcp "ImtXm-en ' cwk-{]-thiw snbvxmâ At±-l- n\v t]cnsâ IqsS "]cn-ip²' F hnti-jww tnà p-hmt\m k`m- [y- sâ Npa-X-e-IÄ IrXy-ambn hln- p-hmt\m Imt\m³ A\ph-Zn- p- n-ã. "lnkv tlmfn-\kv' F -Xn\p ]Icw "lnkv _nbm-änäyquv' F mwv A\p-h-Zn- -s -«n-cn- p- -Xv. Cu hm nsâ ae-bmf- cq-]-amb "t{ijvt' XnI pw D -a³amà p am{xw AÀl-X-s -«- Xm-sW v HmÀ -Ww. BZys "t{ijvt' _mh Ielw \ndª A -co- - nâ an -hmdpw sa{xm- m-cnâ\n pw Häs «v 1996  ]nd-amsw Zb-dm-bn Imew snbvxp. XpSÀ v DZn- p-bà hyànbmwv C v IelItÃm-e- Ä Cf- n-hn-sp Ct m-gs "txmakv {]Y-a³'. CXn-\n-sS, kndnbm cmpy- nse B`y- c hn¹hw kndn-b³ HmÀ -tumivkv k`bv v {]bm-k- Ä D m- p p- v. hmà²- Iy- nâ F n-\nâ p ]m{xn-bà okv _mh k m {]Y-a³ kndn-b-bnâ\n pw ]emb\w snbvxp-sh pw ]m{xn-bà  BØm\w e_-\-\n-te p amän-sb pw tiä p- p- v. Ah-cpsS km[m-cw hnizm-kn-iä {]mw-c- mà w \msp-hn«v HmSn-t mbn F v hmà -IÄ h p-sim- n-cn- p- p. Npc- - nâ Hcp-Ime v hfsc {]_-e-am-bn-cp kpdn-bm-\n-k` C v ]gb{]xm]w \jvs-s «v hfsc {]bmkw A\p-`-hn- p Ah-Ø-bn BsW v am[y-a- -fnâ \n v a\-ên-em- p-hm³ km[n- p- p. Cu k` \ntèjw XpS- pam-äs -Sptam F v aäp Nne k`-i-fpss Ah-Ø-tbmSv Xmc-Xayw snbvxv Nn n- p- hcpw D v. tdma³ It men m k`bv v amà]m- -bpss Iogn "ImtXm-en m' Fs mcp Øm\n CÃ. ae- -c-bnse ]mc-¼-cy- nsâ t]cp-]-d-ª mwv sx v Hcp "ImtXm-en ' Bcpw AdnbmsX It m-en m k`-bnâ cwk-{]-thiw snbvxn-cn- p- -Xv. ae- c do v Øm]-I-\m-bn-cp BÀ v _nj]v B{K-ln Xpw In«m-sX-t]m-b-Xp-amb Øm\w C s BÀ v _nj]v Xsâ Øm\-\m-a-ambn kzbw Gsä-Sp- n-cn- p- p. X -fpss ap³ A[n- ]s\ ]cn-ip-²-\mbn {]Jym-]n- m-\på X{X- msv CXn\p ]n³]nâ D v F kwibw {]_-e-am-wv. Ncn-{Xw, ]mc-¼-cyw, ]pwy-n-cn-x-po-hn-xw, P\-a-[y- nse kvym\w, A[n-Imcw Ch h p-t\m- p-t¼mä ae- -c-k-`-bpss ]: ImtXm-en m _mhmbpw ImtXm-en-t äpw ] -c-am-äpå X amwv. CXv a\-ên-em- p-hm\pw Øm]n- p-hm\pw bmsxmcp {]bmkhpw CÃ. ImtXm-en-t äv AXn-Yn-a-µncw hcn-ª -hnf skâ v tpmàpv HmÀ -tumivkv ]Ån \nà½n- p ImtXm-en-t äv AXn-Yn-a-µn-c- nsâ inem-øm-]\w ]cn. _tk-en-tbmkv amàt m½m ]utemkv ZznXo-b³ _mhm \nàæ-ln- p. sk]vxw-_à 3þmw XobXn \S- - N-S- nâ Kh.-No^v hn v ]n.-kn. tpmàpv, tum. si. tdmbnt]mä, Pn.-F-kv. Pb-em Fw.-FÂ.-F., CS-hI hnimcn ^m. timin tpmàpv, CS-hI {SÌn hn.-si. tpmàpv XpS- n-bhà ]s -Sp- p. 13

12 ImtXm-en-t äv ae- -c-k` ImtXm-en-t äv ixm_vzn \nd-hnâ tum. s_ n Iqc-em ]cn-]qà - kzx{ amb ImtXm-en-t äv Øm]-\- nsâ 100-þmw hmàjniw k`-bm-i-am\w {]mà -\m-]qàæw BN-cn- Xnsâ kam-]-\-amwv \hw-_-dnâ Fd-Wm-Ip-f v \S- p- -Xv se \½psS k`m`c-w-l-s\ kp{]ow-tim-sxn AwKo-I-cn- txm-sp-iqsn hntzi `c-wm-[n-imcw Ah-km-\n-s v \ap- -`n-am-\n- mw. ae- c k`mw-k- Ä temi- nsâ FÃm `mk- -fnepw hym]n- n-«p- v. Cu BtLmjthf sszh-ln-x- n\pw kphn-ti-j-th-ebv pw ]qàw-ambn kaà n- p Xn\p-Å Ah-k-c-ambn IW- m- -Ww. {]hr- n-bm-epå \oxo-i-c-whpw hnizm-k- m-epå \oxo- I-c-Whpw aäp-å-hà DbÀ n ]d-bp-t¼mä Ir]-bm-epÅ \oxo-ic-w-amwv HmÀ -tumivkv k`-bpss c m-øm-\w. \½psS IÀ m-hmb tbip-x-¼p-cm³ ki-e-pm-xn-i-sfbpw injy-cm- n- s m-åm³ ]d-ª -Xn-\m Bg-amb sszh-im-kv{xhpw anj³ {]hà -\hpw {]m-tbm-kn-i-am- m³ GI-X-bpsS alm-k-t½-f-\- nâ \ap v Ign-b-Ww. ImtXm-en-t äv Øm]-\w, H n-sâbpw Bcw-`tam Ah-km- \tam Bbn ImW-cp-Xv. \{km-wn-i-fpss kzbw \nàw-b- n-sâbpw, kzbw `c-w- n-sâ-bpw kpzoàl-]m-x-bnse Hcp {][m\ \mgn-i- -Ãmbn AXns\ IW- m- -Ww. \{km-wn-bpss hyànxzw \ne-\nâ n-\m-bpå \nc- c kac- -fpss Ncn-{X-am-sW- mwv k`m Ncn-{X-Im-c³ Csk-Uv. Fw. ]mtd«v ImtXm-en m Øm]-\-s - än ]d-bp- -Xv. k`-bpss \nc- -c-amb ka-c-]-c-¼-c-bpss \nà m-bi hnp-b-amwv 1912 se ImtXm-en-t äv ]p\xøm]-\w. ]cn-ip² h«-tè-cnâ KohÀKokv amà Zoh- m-kn-tbm-kns\ (a-e- c sa{xm-t m-eo- ) \nba-hn-cp-²-ambn aps- n-bxpw 1653 se "Iq\³Ip-cniv' kxyhpw, Al- på F -kp-dn-bm\n taev]-«- m-cs\ tdma³ It m-en- À h[n kw`-hhpw ImtXm-en-t äv Øm]-\- n\v Xzc-I-am-sb v \nkw-ibw ]d-bmw, amàt mam Çolm-bpsS ]n³km-an- hpw At m-kvtxm-eni ]n p-sà bpw Ah-Im-i-s -Sp C y-bnse ss{ikvxh k`bpss (amàt mam {InkvXym-\n) tziob kzmx-{ y- nsâ {]Xo- I-ambn ØnXn-sN- p sshzni tae-[y Øm\-amWv ImtXmen-t -äv. CXn hnip² ]mc-¼-cy- fpw At m-kvtxm-eni hnizmk-hpw tz-io-b-x-bpw kzmx-{ yhpw kzbwioàj-i-xz-hpw Ipä-aä thz-hn-i-zo-i-c-w- fpw \nd-ª p-\nâ p- p. amàt m-a³ ss]xriw F Id-XoÀ HmÀ -tumivkn Xs -bmwv `mcx k`-i-fpss sfiy nsâ amà -tcj F v HmÀ -tumivkv k` Icp-Xp- p. ae- -c-bnâ F.-Un. 52  F nb amàt m½m -Çol k`bv v (amàt mam {InkvXym-\n) Bhiy-amb `cw {Iao-I-c- W- fpw Pohn-X-ssi-enbpw Bcm-[-\bpw kwøm-]n- n-cp- psh p ]d-bmw. Z n-w-`m-c-x- nâ \memw \qäm- n\v ap¼v iàn-{]m-]n ssp\-þ-_p² hn`m-k- nâ {InkvXym-\n-I-fm-b-hcpw, \¼q-Xn-cn-am-cnÂ\n pw {InkvXym-\n-I-fm-b-hcpw FÃmw \{kmwn-i-fm-sw- mwv Adn-b-s -«n-cp- -Xv. Ct mä \S- p apkn-cnêv (]-«-Ww) kwkvimcw txmam {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS Ncn-{X- n-te v hncânq- p- p- v  simsp- -Ãq-cn Bcw-`n D]-cn-Xe kàtæ-ifpw 2007 apxâ ]«- W p \S- p ]pcm-hkvxp Kth-jW ]²-Xnbpw hnp-be yw I p-xp-s- n-b-txmss skâ v txma-knsâ `mc-x- nse hchpw sxfn-bn- -s -Sp- p- v. ticf Iu knâ t^mà lntìmdn-  dnkà v (si.-kn.-f- v.-bà.) BWv DÂJ-\-\- n\pw Kthj-W- n\pw t\xrxzw \ÂIp- -Xv. "aà -a-dn-b-t m½' Fs mcp {]tbmkw ]m n-d-ên-ep- v. amàt m-½-bpw skâ v tacnbpw BWv A s {][m\ Bcm-[- \m-aqà n-i-sf v ]m n-dêv tcj kqnn- n- p- p. amàt m½m {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS k` Hc-t m-kvtxm-eni k`sb- -ÃmsX (k-aq-lw) asämcp k`-bpss A[o-i-Xz- n-e-ãm-bncp p As v hyàw. skâ v txmakv Øm]n BZna ss{i-kvxh kaq-l- n\v temi- nse aäp ss{ikvxh k`-i-fnâ \n pw hyxy-kvx-amb Hcp `c-w-kw-hn-[m\w D m-bn-cp- p. t]mà p-ko-kp-im-cpss hc-hn\v ap³]v txmam {InkvXym-\n-IÄ {][m-\-ambpw _Ô-s -«n-cp- Xv t]àjy-bnse IÂZmb kpdnbm\n k`-bp-am-bn-«m-bn-cp- p. PmXn v IÀ -hy³ AÀ -Zn-bm-t m³, amàt m½m sa{xm³, ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-, ImtXm-en F o Øm\-am-\- -fn-eq-ss-bpå `c-w-\nàæ-lw ]cn-wmaw ae- -c-k-`-bpss {]hà -t\m-õp-i-amb Ncn-{X-]p-tcm-K-Xn-bpsS \nzài-\-am-wv. `mc-x-k-`-bpss X\n-abv pw tzio-b-x-bn-eq- nb kmàæ-{xn-i- Xbv pw kzmx-{ y- n\pw kzbw ioàj-i- n\pw taâ -dª Hmtcm Øm\-\ma- Ä AXXvIm-e v \ÂIn-s m- n-cp- Xpw Ct mä \ÂIp- -Xp-amb {]m[m\yw hfsc hep-xm-wv. hn]p-eamb A[n-Im-c- -fmwv ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo- bv pw At±lw A²y- -\m-bpå ae- c kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym\n Atkm-kn-tbj\pw ae- c k`m ]mc¼cyw IÂ]n p \ÂIn-bn-«p-Å-Xv. Cu AwKo-Imcw C y-bpss ]c-tam- X timsxn AwKo-I-cn- n-«p- v. ]uckvxy ImtXm-en- mbv v api-fnâ kàæ-i-à-\mb sszhw AÃmsX asäm-c-[n-imc ti{µ-hp-an-ã. ImtXm-en-, ]m{xn-bà o- kv, t]m v F o \ma-i-c-w- Ä s]mxp-k`m Ncn-{X- nâ Xpey-Øm-\- -fn-em-wv. 16-þmw \qäm v hsc-bpå Ime-L-«- nâ IÂZmb k`bv v Chn-Sps BZna k`-bnâ sshzni A[n-Imcw D m-bn-cp- p. AsXmcp Ah-Imiw am{x-am-bn-cp- p. `mcx ss{ikvx-hà amàt m½m Çolm-bnÂ\n p In«nb hnizmkw Im p-kq- n- ncp- p. IÂZmb sa{xm³ \½psS k`sb F pw kzoi-cn- n-cp- p. ae- c txmam {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS `cw kwhn-[m-\- nâ {][m-\-s «Øm\-amWv AÀ -Zn-bm-t m³amà p- m-bn-cp- -Xv. AÀ -Zn-bm-t ms\ PmXn v Xe-h³ F pw hnfn- n-cp- p. C ybv v ]pd- på aäp k`-i-fnâ BÀ v Uo ³ F mwv Chsc A`n-kw-t_m-[\ snbvxn-cp- -Xv. C ybv p ]pd- på aäp k`-i-tf- mä hyxykvxhpw hn]p-e-hp-amb A[n-Imc Ah-Imi- Ä AÀ -Zn-bm-t m- mà p- m-bp-cp p F mwv tcj-i-fnâ ImWp- -Xv. \m«p-`mj Adn-hn-Ãm- -h-cm-bn-cp p IÂZmb sa{xm³amà. AhÀ ae- -c-bnâ kµài-\- n-s\- p-t¼mä Ahsc A\p-K-an- n-cp- Xv AÀ -Zn-bm-t m³am-cm-bn-cp- p. sa{xmsâ he-xp-h-i- m-bn-cp p AÀ -Zn-bm-t msâ Øm\w. sa{xm³amà p- m-bncp euin-im-[n-im-c- Ä `mc-x-k-`-bnâ ^e-{]-z-ambn AhÀ ssiimcyw snbvxn-cp- p. sshzni {Skvän-t]m-epÅ ]Z-hnbpw AÀ -Zn-bm-t m³amà p- mbn-cp- p. hnim-cn-amsc \nb-an- p- Xpw Øew amäp- Xpw AÀ - 14

13 ImtXm-en-t äv Zn-bm-t msâ Npa-X-e-bm-bn-cp- p. sshzni thx-\hpw asäãm `c- W-Im-cy- fpw AÀ -Zn-bm-t m³am-cm-bn-cp p \S- n-b-xv. ]eni-bn-ãmsx k`ma Ä v AhÀ ]Ww simsp- n-cp- p. k`-bpss {]hà \w A v kmaqly {]hà -\-am-bn-cp- p. C y-h-s -bp-ssbpw AÀ -Zn-bm-t m- mà F mwv C ybv v ]pd- på k`- mà AÀ -Zn-bm-t m- msc hnfn- n-cp- -Xv. AÀ -Zn-bm-t m³þ C y Hs -bp-ssbpw hmxnâ- F- mwv AÀ w. Ahn-hm-ln-X-cm-bn-cp AhÀ hnip-²n-bp-å-hcpw D{K-{]- Xm-]n-I-fp-am-bn-cp- p. k`mw-k- Ä n-hà amxr-im-]p-cp-j- m-cm-bncp- p. A -amen BØm-\-am- n-bmwv AhÀ `cn- n-cp- -Xv. Ahcn NneÀ Ipd-hn-e- m-«på ]Item-aäw IpSpw-_- m-cp-am-bn-cp- p. Ipd-hn-e- m«pw Xma-kn v AhÀ `cww \S- n-bn-cp- p. sim n cmpmhv kzàw-ame AWn-bn v AÀ -Zn-bm-t m- msc amàt m½m {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS Xe-h-\mbn IW- m- n- bn-cp- p. AÀ -Zn-bm-t m- mà v Icp -cmb Hcp-Iq«w tbm²m- Ä Ft mgpw klm-b- n-\p- m-bn-cp- p. knhnâ tikp-iä ssiimcyw snbvxn-cp- Xv AÀ -Zn-bm-t m- m-cmbn-cp- p. h[- in \S- m- m-\på A[n-Im-chpw AÀ -Zn-bm-t m- mà p mbn-cp- p. s]cp-¼-s v kzcq-]- nse cmpm-hns\ AÀ -Zn-bm-t m³ kzàw-in-cosw AWn-bn- p-i-gnª mâ am{xta P\- Ä cmpm-hns\ Aw-Ko-I-cn- n-cp- p-åp. Icp- - mcmb {InkvXob tbm²m- -fmwv AÀ -Zn-bm-t m\v AI-¼Sn tkhn- n-cp- -Xv  AÀ -Zn-bm-t m³ amxyp-hnsâ \ncym-w-t mss AÀ -Zn-bm-t m³ ssbpw ]Zhn \n p-t]m-bn. taâ -dª kw`-h- -fnâ F.-Un. 52  k` Øm]n-X-amb Imew apxâ amàt m½m {InkvXym-\n- IÄ v `c-w-kw-hn-[m\w D m-bn-cp- -Xmbn sxfn-bp- p. 16-þmw \qäm v hsc Cu `c-w-coxn ae- -c-bnâ \ne-\n- n-cp- p. {InkvXp-hÀjw H mw \qäm v apxâ \ne-\n- Xpw amàt m½m Çolm-bpsS ssçlni ]utcm-lnxy kphn-tij km y ]mc-¼-cy- n-ep-å-xp-amb ]pcm-x\k`-bmwv ae- -c-k-`. AXnsâ ]c-am-[y- ³ txmam Çolm-bpsS ]n p-sà - m-cm-wv, ]pcm-x\tdma³, t]àjy³ km{am-py- Ä v ]pd- m-bn-cp Hcp ss{ikvxh kaqlw F \ne-bnâ kzx-{ -hpw, Xt±-io-b-hpamb k`m hyànxzw B k`-bv p- m-bn-cp- p. blq-zcpw blqz k c hn`m-k- -fpw, {Zmhn-Ucpw Bcy-K-W- fpw tkm{x-hn-`m-k- - fpw, {_mò-wcpw A\y-Pm-Xn- m-cp-saãmw amàt m-½³ amà - n-eqss {InkvXp-hnsâ shfn w ]IÀ -h-cm-wv. C{]-Im-c-apÅ Hcp Xt±-io-IrX ss{ikvxh kwkvim-c-amwv amàt mam {InkvXym-\n-IÄ p- m-bn-cp- -Xv. 16-þmw \qäm v hsc CXv \ne-\- n- n-cp- p. t]mà p-kokv B[n-]-Xy- nsâ ad-hnâ 16-þmw \qämt mss ae- -c-k-`sb tdma³ k`-bpss Iognepw e o³ k`m ]mc-¼-cy- nsâ XS-hnepw B p-hm-\på {ia- Ä [mcm-f-am-bn. AXn-s\-Xnsc ae- -c-k` \nc- -c-ambn t]mcm-sn. hntz-im-[n-]xy {ia- -tfm-smwv amàt m½m {InkvXym-\n-IÄ t]mcm-sn-b-xv. BZyw tdma³ k`-tbmspw ]n osv Bw n- ³ \ho-i-c-w-t mspw At ym-jy³ `c-w-ta-e-[ni- mc- ni- t- fms- pa- mwv txmam {InkvXym\- n- IÄ t]mcms- nb- X- v. H m-as {]t m`wþ 1653 se Iq\³Ip-cniv kxyw hntzi B[n-]-Xy- n-s\-xnsc Hcp P\X H n p \S- nb BZy {]t m`w. c m-a-t Xvþ1830 se amth-en- c kp -l-tzm-kpw, ]Sn-tbm-ebpw ]mýmxy \ho-i-cw hnizmk k½à±- Äs - Xnsc ]uckvxy k`m kaqlw \S- nb kzmx{ y {]Jym- ]\ka-cw. aq m-a-t Xvþ1889 se Xncp-hn-Xmw-IqÀ tdmbâ timsxn hn[n-bn-eqss ae- -c-k-`-bpss `mhnsb apgp-h³ _m[n- p- Xpw ]m{xn-bà o-knsâ A[n-Imc ssii-s- -en-s\-xnsc {]Jym-]-\hpw. ]m{xn-bà o-kn\v ae- -c-k-`-bp-ss-taâ `c-wm-[n- Imcw Csà pw tdmbâ timsxn hn[n- p. Cu hn[n {]Jym-]-\- t m-ss-bmwv ImtXme- n m Øm]\- - n\- på \o w iàa- mb- X- v. CXn-\nsS DZ-bw-t]-cqÀ kp -tlm-kns\ pdn- p-iqsn ]dtb n-bn-cn- p- p. DZ-bw-t]-cqÀ kp -l-tzm-têmss txmam ae- -c-k-`-bpss s F I y - n - sâbpw iàn-bp- {InkvXym\nk`sb t]mà p-ko-kp-imà sslpm v snbvxp. Cu sslpm- n-s\-xn-sc-bmwv Iq\³Ip-cniv kxyw D m-b-xv tabv 22 \v AÀ -Zn-tbm-t m³ txmasb amàt m-a-bmbn Be- m«v sh v A`n-tjIw snbvxp  tdmam It m-en- À Nm n AÀ -Zn-bm-t ms\ Iqdp-amän It men m k`-bpss Xt±iob sa{xm-\m n. CXmWv k`-bpss `n n- v. A s\ k` c m-bn. bym-{iaw HmÀ -tum-ivkv, It men F n- -s\. Hcp IogvØm\km²yX Hgn-hm- nb Hcp ]p\xøm]-\hpw ]pcm-x-\-amb Hcp kzx-{ -k-`-bpss ]pxnb km²y-x-iä DÄs m- Ån v A²y- -Øm-]-\- nsâ Øm-]\hpw Bbn-«mWv 1912 se ae- c ImtXm-en-t -änsâ Bhn-jvIm-cw. At ymjym ]m{xnbà o-knsâ Iogn D m-bn-cp Xn{Kn-knse a{^nbm-\-bã ]uckvxy ImtXm-en-. aq mw \qäm v apxâ \ne-\n skeqjy-þ sskn-t^m-wn-b-bnse ]uckvxy ImtXm-en-t -ämwv 1912  ae- -c-bnâ Øm]n- -Xv. Xn{Kn-knse a{^n-bm-\-bpss Øm\-amWv bmt m-_mb k`m hn`m-k- n-\p-åxv. B Øm\w Ah-Im-i-s -S-W-sa- nât]mepw {]kvxpx Øm\n kpdn-bm\n HmÀ tumivkv k`-bpss ]cn-ip² At ymjy ]m{xn-bà o- knsâ Iogn DÅ Bfm-bn-cn- Ww. "t{ijvt _mh CXn GXv KW- nâs]-sp- p-sh- Xv Nn yw. ]c-am-²y- -\mb ]uckvxy ImtXm-en FÃm \ne-bnepw ]c-tam- X Øm\n-bm-Wv. ]uckvxy ImtXm-en- bv v api-fnâ asämcp k`m ta[m-hn-bn-sã v Npcp- w. C y³ kzmx-{ y- n\v ap¼p-xs Iq\³Ip-cniv kxyw \S- p. AXp-I-gnª v `c-w-l-s-\bpw HmÀ tumivkv k` cq]o-i-cn- p. kzmx{ y- n-sâbpw kzbw-`-c-w- n-sâbpw {]Xo-I-amb `c-w-l-s\]mêm- n-sb (1934) Ncn-{X-kw-`-hhpw ]uckvxy kpdnbm\n HmÀ -tumivkv k`bv v Ah-I-i-s -«-Xm-Wv. ae- -ck-`-bpss `mhn People perish where there is no vision. - Proverbs 29:18 ImtXm-en-t äv Øm]\BtLm-j- Ä p tijw ImtXmen-t - änsâ {]k-àn, X\n-a, Ncn-{X-\n-tbmKw F n-h-sb- ti{µoi-cn- v NÀ -Ifpw skan-\m-dp-ifpw XpSc-Ww. ixm-_vzn-tbm-s-\p-_-ôn p k`bv v hni-k\]²-xn-ifpw \qx\kwcw-`- fpw kzx{ ho -W-t m-sp-io-sn-bpå {]hà - \- fpw thww. Bßob-X-bv mhww apjy{]m[m-\yw. ae- c ImtXm-en-t äv C s bpw \mf-s bpw ae- -c-k-`bpss ]ptcm-k-xn-bp-ssbpw Bßob \ho-i-c-w- n-sâbpw {]`-hti-{µ-am-bn-cn- Ww. AXn\p X ]²-Xn-IÄ Bkq-{XWw snbvxv \S- m- Ww. ]cn-`m-j-i-fnâ h pt]mb sxäp-iä Xncp- nb ]pxnb thz- ]p-kvxiw k` ]pd- n-d- -Ww. ImtXm-en-t mtk-änsâ Iogn Hcp Imt\m³ {KÙw D m-i- Ww. ae- -c-k-`-bpss kakvx {]Xo- -bpssbpw Ncn{X]-c-amb ioàj-i-am-bn-cn- Ww ImtXm-ent mtkäv. FIyp-sa-\n-  {]Øm-\- n\v k` ap³ssi-sb-sp- -Ww. ]pxnb ss{ikvxh sfiyw D m-h-ww. ]cn-ip-² ImtXm-en Øm\w sfiy- nsâ ]c-am-²y- -\m-bn-cn- -Ww. h«-tècnâ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS henb ZÀi-\-amWv k`bv v kzmx{ yw t\sn- -Xv. amàt m-am-ço-lm-bpss ]uc-kvxytziw apgp-h³ hym]n- p k`-bmbn hf-cm³ X ZÀi\w \ÂIp Hcp ]nxmh- ns\ sszhw Xcp - X- n\v \ap v {]mà n - mw. {]Xo-IamWv Iq\³Ip-cnip-k-Xyw {Inan-\ sskt m-f-pn-bnâ tumivs-tdäv t\snb Kthj-I-\mWv tej-i³. C y-bv -I pw ]pd pw \nch[n sa½dn s{sbn-\nmv t{]m{km-ap-iä \S- nbn-«p v. 15

14 kphn-tijw k`m-po-hnxw DtZymKwþhnizmkwþk`mPohnXw tum. hàkokv ]n. ]p qkv, Fw.-Un. \mznb FshbvZm (Nadia Eweida) F tim]väniv HmÀ -tumivkv bphxn DÄs ss \mev {_n«ojv ]uc- mà kv{smkv_àkn-epå bqtdm-]y³ a\pjym-h-imi tims-xn-bnâ \ÂInb tikv ]mým-xy-\m-sp-i-fnâ henb NÀ m-hn-j-bambn amdn-s m- n-cn- p Znh-k- -fn-emwv Cu Ipdn v Fgp- Xp- -Xv. {_n«ojv FbÀth-bvknse DtZym-K-Ø-bmb \mzn-bbpw Hcp \gvkmb sjàen Nm¹n\pw Ah-cpsS tpmen \jvs-s -«Xv X -fpss ame-bnâ ax-nn-ó-amb Ipcniv [cn p F Ipä- n-\m- Wv. CXnepw hnnn-{x-amb Ipä- Ä mwv Hcp Zm¼Xy Iu kne-dmb Kmcn aiv^àte\pw (Gary Mc Furlane) cpn-kv{smà Bb enen-b³ emsu-en\pw (Lilian Ladele) X -fpss sxmgnenâ\n pw ]ncn- p-hn-s-s -«Xv þ kzhà m-\p-cm-kn-i-fmb Z¼-Xn- IÄ v Iu kn-enwkv \S- m-\pw, Ah-cpsS hnhmlw cpn-ìà sn m\pw X -fpss {InkvXob hnizm-k- nsâ ASn-Øm-\- nâ Cu DtZym-K-Ø- mà hnk-½-xn- p-ht{x! Cw - nse tims- Xn-I-fn tikv \S n ]cm-p-b-s «ChÀ \oxn- mbn bqtdm- ]y³ a\p-jym-h-imi tims-xnsb kao-]n- n-cn- p-i-bm-wn-t mä. {]Xy- -amb ax-nn-ó- Ä tpmen-ø-e v GX-f-hp-hsc {]ZÀin- n mw F pw hnizm-k-{]-am-w- Ä tpmensb GXp coxn-bnâ kzm[o-\n- m-sa pw aäp-apå ASn-Øm\{]iv\- Ä \nà -bn- -s -Sm-hp Cu hyh-lm-c-s Hcp "em³uvamà v' tikm-bn-«mwv \nb-a-ú- mà ImWp- - Xv. GÀs -«n-cn- p tpmen-bpss kz`m-hhpw kz w hnizm-k-{]-am-w- fpw X½n-epÅ Gä-ap-«Â henb Hcp ss\xni {]iv\-ambn amdn-s m- n-cn- p Hcp Ime-L- «-am-wn-xv. ss{ikvxh hnizm-k- nsâ ]me-\-hpw, hninjym HmÀ -tum-ivkn-bpss BN-c-Whpw amdns m- n-cn- p temi hyh-øn-xn-bnâ AXy w ZpjvI-c-am-bn-s m- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. Xsâ a\xkm n p \nc- m- Xpw Xsâ hnizm-k- n-s\-xn-cm-bn«pw DÅ Imcy- Ä tpmen-bpss `mk-ambn snt - n-h-cp-t¼mä -Hcp hyàn v A\p-`h-s -Sp kwlàj-s "timán-äohv Untkm-W³kv' F mwv at\m-hn-úm\o-b-imkv{xw hnh- n- p- Xv. KÀ`-On{Zw sn m³ \nà_-ônx-cm-ip tumivsdpw \gvkpw Cu kwlàj- nsâ Cc-I-fm-Wv. Xsâ t_mknsâ \nà_-ô- n\p hg n "skivkn-bmbn' hkv{x-[m-cww sn m³ \nà_-ôn-x-bm-ip t]gvk-wâ sk{i-«-dn-bpw, I¼-\n-bpsS BtLmj ]cn-]m-sn-bnâ ]s -Sp v "t\m¼p-im-e pw' azyw Ign-t - n-h-cp FIvkn- Iyp-«ohpw kam-\-amb kml-n-cy- nâ Xs. ]g-b-\n-b-a-im-e pw ss{ikvx-h-k-`-bpss BZyiX-I- - fnepw kxy-ssz-h-hn-izm-khpw X -fpss HutZym-KnI Øm\hpw X½n-epÅ s]mcp- -t -Sp-IÄ hfsc {]I-Shpw X -W-amb `hn-jy- p-iä Df-hm- m³ km[y-x-bp-å-xp-am-bn-cp- p. butk^pw tami-bpw, FtØ-dpw, samàtz-jm-bnbpw Zm\n-tbepw AS- p ]g-b-\n-ba hnizmkhoc- mcpw clkyin-jy- m-cmb butk^pw \nt mz- nt- amkpw Kame- nt- bepw AS - p ]pxnb\nba - I-Ym-]m-{X- fpw Cu t{iwn-bnâ s]sp- p. F mâ B[p-\n-I- Im-e- n-te p hcp-t¼mä Poh-lm-\n, kmaq-lni Hä-s -S XpS- nb `hn-jy- p-iä D m-ip- -Xn-\pÅ km[yx hnc-f-am-wv. ]t ]mým-xy-hâ -cn- -s -«p-sim- n-cn- p sxmgnâ kml-n-cy- -fnâ ss{ikvxh aqey- fpw HmÀ -tumivkv BNm-c- fpw apdp-si- n-sn p t]mip-t¼mä ax-au-en-i-hmzn F ap{z NmÀ n- n-«ptam? skiyp-eà temi v Hä-s -«p-t]m-iptam? DtZym-K-t{i-Wn-bnse Øm\- -b-ä- Ä v XS-Ê-am-Iptam? Fs m-s -bpå `b- m-sp-iä ]e-tcbpw ayn- p- p- v. \{km-wn-isf kw_-ôn- - n-s-t mfw ]c-¼-cm-k-x-amb apjysxm-gnâ Irjn-bm-Wv. sndnb coxn-bn-sems hym]m-chpw D mbn-cp- p. ]t 19-þmw \qäm nsâ D -cm-²- nepw 20-þmw \qäm- nsâ BZy-]-Ip-Xn-bnepw, A²ym-]-\w, kà mà DtZymKw F nh-bnâ AhÀ A mâ]w FÀs -«p-xp-s- n. {ItaW \nb-aw, BXpc]cn-]m-e-\w, hmwn-pyw, tpàw-en-kw, ]«m-ftk-h-\w, kmt -XnI taj-e-iä F n-h-bnâ AhÀ GÀs -«p-xp-s- n. Cu taj-e-bn-sems AhÀ Akqb P\n- n- pw-hn[w hnpbw ssihcn- p-ibpw snbvxp. Irjn-bnÂ\n- på BZmbw Ipd-bp-Ibpw Irjn-`qan CÃm-Xm-Ip-Ibpw snbvx-txmss IÀj-I-k-aqlw DtZym- amdn-s m- n-cn- p temihyh- Ø n - X n - b n  k ` m P o - h n X w F s\ [\yam mw? 16 KØ kaq-l-ambn Nph-Sp-d- n- p. "Hcp ImÀjnI' kaql n\p tncp coxn-bn-epå Pohn-X-ssi-enbpw hnizm-k- Po-hn-Xhpw Bbn-cp p \{km-wn-bp-ts-xv. s]cp- m-fp-ifpw k`m ] mwk- nse aplqà - -fp-saãmw ImÀjn-I-hr- n-bpss \mähgn-i-fp-ambn _Ô-s -«n-cp- p. t\m¼nse ` -W-co-Xn-Ifpw hn`-h- fpw FÃmw IÀj-I-k-aq-l- ntâ-xm-bn-cp- p. DtZym-K- nâ\n v D]-Po-h\w txsp D]- t`m-àm- -fmbn amdn-b-txmss Blm-chpw hkv{x-[m-c-whpw am{xaã amdn-bxv þ AXn-t\- mä Gsd aqey-t_m-[- fpw hnizm-k- fpw BNm-c- -fp-am-wp- m-b-xv. Cu amä- Äs -Ãm-an-S-bnepw \{kmwn Ah-cpsS k`m-hn-izmkhpw BNm-chpw XpS-cm³ \S- nb {ia- sf ÇmLn-t - -Xm- Wv. tpmen-kw-_-ô-ambn thsdmcp \m«nâ sn mepw Bcm-[-\mb- Ä D m- m\pw Xsâ ]mc-¼-cyhpw hnizm-khpw XpS-cm\pw CS-hI ]Ån-bnse s]cp-\mä IqSm\pw ]cp-ae s]cp- m-fn\v HmSnsb- m\pw Hcp icm-icn \{kmwn C pw a\-êp-h-bv p- p- v. Ch-cn-semcp hn`mkw Cu hi Krlm-Xp-c-Xz- nâ\n p amdn AI- p-t]mbn F p hcn-inepw Xsâ hnizm-k- n-sâbpw BNm-c- nsâbpw PmXym-`n-am-\- n-tâbpw Hcp Xncn a\-ênâ I n- p- psh- p-åxv Bizm-k-I-cw-X-s. AXp \{km-wn-bpss {]txy-i-xbm-sw p ]d-bm-sx-h-. \½psS kap-zmb- nâ Db-À p-h- n-cn- p Cu DtZym-KØ hn`m-k- n\v th coxn-bnâ t_m[-\hpw amà -\nàt±-ihpw \ÂIm³ \ap p Ign-bp- nã F Xp ZpxJI-c-am-Wv. DtZym-K- n-en-cn- p-t¼mgpw hnc-an tijhpw Cu hn`m-k- nâ s]«-h-cpss IÀ½ti-jnsb D]-tbm-Kn- m³ CS-h-Ibv pw k`bv pw kaq-l- n\pw Ign-b-Ww. DtZym-K-Ø-cm-bn-cn- p ka-b v kmaq-lni {]hà -\- Ä v kabw Is - p- -hà X -fpss {]hà -\- nâ kmbqpyw Is - p- p. CS-h-Ibpw `{Zm-k-\hpw C -c- nâ {]hà n- p- -hsc kaq-l n\v {]tbm-p-\-s -Sp co-xn-bnâ IÀ½ ]²Xn-IÄ Bhn-jvI-cn v {]mhà n-i-am- m³ {]txyiw {i²n - W- w. F nâ am{xta {]hà \taje XmÂ]cyw DÅhÀ v Xpd- p-in-«q. {]hr n-tbmsv Iqdv Im«m³ bphm- sf {]hà \taj-e-tbmsv kl-i-cn- n- m³ CS-h-Ibv v {]hà \taje D mtb Xocq. CXp \mw a\-ên-em- -Ww. A²ym-]-IÀ k`-bpss a\p-jy-hn-`-h-tijn hni-k-\-h-ip- nsâ B`n-ap-Jy- nâ Ct mä \S- n-h-cp ]²-Xn-IÄ {]mhà n-i-am- m³ Gähpw tbmky-cmb hn`mkw A²ym-]-I-cm-Wv. kàho-knâ Ccn- p- -hcpw hnc-an- -h-cp-amb k`-bnse A[ym]-I-cpsS tkh\w ]²- Xn-I-fpsS \S- n- n-te v kzoi-cn- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. DZm-l-c-W- n\v ""]Xn-cm-I-cpXo IXn-cp-IÄ'' F t]cnâ D -c-hm-zn-xz-apå ss{ikvxh c m-iàxrxzw ]cn-io-en- n- p-hm\pw t{]mõm-ln- n- p-hm\pw 2011  \S- m- nb ]²-Xn-bn k`mw-k- -fmb apgp-h³ A[ym-]-Icpw ] m-fn-i-fm-bn-cp-s - nâ `mh-\m-]qà -amb B ]²Xn hnp-bn- p-am-bn-cp- p. C cw ]²-Xn-IÄ Bhn-jvI-cn- p- t¼mä kp -l-tzmkpw k`m t\xr-xzhpw `{Zm-k-\hpw CS-h-Ibpw ssitimà v Ahsb hnpbn- n- m\pw {ian- -Ww. BXp-c-tkh\w \gvkp-amà, tumivsàamà, ^màa-kn-ìp-iä, ^nkntbm sxdm- n-ìpiä, saun-  þ sskiym-{sniv tkmjyâ hà ÀamÀ F n- s\tbmkyx t\sn-bn-«på \sãmcp hn`mkw \½psS k`-bnep- v. CS-hI Xe- nepw `{Zm-k-\-X-e- nepw amk- nâ Ht m ct m Znhkw Ch-cpsS k -²-tkh\w ts ASn-Øm-\- nâ e`y-am- m³ Ffp- -am-wv. AÀ -W-t_m-[-t m-sp-iq-snb ¹m\n pw AXp \S- n-em- m-\på CÑm-i-ànbpw CS-hI `{Zm-k- \-X-e- nâ D m-i-ww. Ah-c-h-cpsS sshzkv[yw Bh-iy-apÅ hyàn-iä v Btcm-Ky-]-cn-N-cWw \ÂIm³ km[n- p p F p am{x-a-ã, sndp- - m-cmb {]^-j-\-ep-iä v aqey-t_m[w e`n- m- \pw, AhÀ k`-tbmspw CS-h-I-tbmSpw Iqdp-Å-h-cmbn amdm\pw C cw kwcw-`- Ä hgn-xp-d- pw. k`-bpss am\-h-hn-`-h-ti-jn-h- Ip v Cu hàjw \S- n-em- p ""hmà²-iy-im-e-þ-km- z\]cnncw ]²Xn''-bpsS \S- n- n-eqss C -c n-epå \à XpS- - Ä CS-h-II-fn D m- m³ DÅ kphàwm-h-k-c- Ä \ap p krjvsn- m³ km[n- pw.

15 kphn-tijw k`m-po-hnxw k` hn«v ]pxnb I]S Bßob {]Øm-\- -fn-te v tnt - dp- -h-cnâ \sãmcp kwjy BXpc ip{iq-jm-cw-ks {]^-j-\- ep-i-fm-wv. Cu kxyw \mw I p-xp-d p ImW-Ww. tkh-\- n- \på hmxnâ sim«n-b-s-bv -s -«-Xp-sIm- mwv bphm- -f-s w DÅ-hÀ C s\ t]mip- -Xv. C m-cy- nâ k` I p-xp-d v ]²-Xn-IÄ Bhn-jvI-cn- -Ww. saun-  hnzym-à n-ifpw \gvknwkv hnzymà n-ifpw aäpw Ah-cpsS ]T-\-Im-e- p-xs tkh\-cw-k p ] m-fn-i-fm-bmâ AXv Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h³ \ne-\nâ p kzm[o-\-am-ipw. kà mà þ kzimcy Øm]-\- -fnse DtZym-K-ØÀ \½psS k`mw-k- -fmb DtZym-K-ØÀ {]hà \taj-e-ifnâ Pzen- p-\nâ p- -h-cm-wv. \nà`m-ky-h-imâ Ah-cpsS Adnhpw ]cn-n-b-k-¼ pw AÂ]w-t]mepw D]-tbm-K-s -Sp- p-hm³ k`bv p Ign-bp- n-ã. dh-\yq, _m n-mv, [\-Im-cyw, cpn-kvt{sj³, HmUn-änMv XpS- nb taj-e-i-fnse ]cnn-b-k¼ v ]Ån-IfpsS \S- n- n\pw A u- n- n\pw `c-w-im-cy- -a-xbv pw sd màuv Io n- n\pw D]-tbm-Kn- m³ Ignª mâ KpW-]-c-amb At\Iw amä- Ä D m- m³ Ign-bpw. CS-h-I-I-fpsS `c-w-im-cy- nâ D]-tZ-iI Xe- nâ F nepw Ch-cpsS tkh\w e`y-am- p- Xv A`n-Im-ay-am-bn-cn- pw. Xt±i kzbw-`-cw Øm]-\- Ä hgn \S- m- p kà mà ]²-Xn-IÄ ]expw P\-]- m-fn- -t mss sn p- -Xm-Wv. IpSpw- _-{io, Ab q-«w, hnhn[ Xc- n-epå t a-]-²-xn-iä Chbvs ms km¼- n-i-amb klm-b- Ä kà mà Xe- nepw _m v Xe- nepw e`n- pw. kzbw-k-lmb kl-i-cw kwl-s-\-iä cq]o-icn pw Pt\m]-Im-c-{]-Z-amb ]²Xn-IÄ \S- m- m- hp- -Xm-Wv. CS-h-I, `{Zm-k-\, k`m Xe- nâ kwl-sn p \o n-bmâ ssat{im ss^\m³kv klm-b- fpw e`y-am- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. kmt -XnI hnz-kv[à F³Pn-\o-b-dnMv taj-e-bnâ tbmkyx t\snbn-«p-å-hcpw ]cn-io-e\w e`n- p-sim- n-cn- p- -hcp-amb At\Iw sndp- - mà Hmtcm CS-h-I-bnepw D m-ipw. ]cn-ønxn kulrz \nà½m-w-co-xn-iä, CS-h-I-bnse ØnXn-hn-h-c- -W- p-iä, Hm^okv kwhn-[m\w ChbpsS B[p-\n-I-h -c-ww, Iw]yq-«Àh -cww, sh_vsskäv {]hà \w F n- -s\-bpå D -c-hm-zn- - Ä bph-kw-l- Ä p simsp- mâ kzbw AhÀ Gsä-Sp v `wknbmbn {]hà n- pw. sxmgn-en-ãmbva A\p-`-h-s -Sp Cu taj-ebnâ Ch-cpsS IqSnhchv sxmgnâ kwcw-`-i-xz- n-\pw, sxmgnâ t\sm-\på amà -ZÀi-\- n\pw XoÀ bmbpw klm-b-i-am-ipw. ss{uhn-mv, Hmt«m-sam-ss_Â, Ce-Iv{So-j³, ¹w_nMv sshz- Kv[y-ap-Å-h-cpsS tkh\w D]-tbm-K-s -Sp- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. tpmen-bn-en-cn- p ka-b v Xs kmaqlni {]hà -\- nâ XmÂ]cyw DÅ-hsc AsÃ- nâ B {]hà -\- nâ kt m-j-ap-å-hsc Hcp Nc-Sn timà n-w n {]hà \taje-bnâ sim p-h-cm³ CS-h-Ibv p Ign-b-Ww. am[ya {]hà -IÀ, A`n-`m-j-IÀ kaq-l- nsâ hmxnâ Imh mà F p hnfn- m-hp Hcp hn`m-k-amwv A`n-`m-j-Icpw am[ya {]hà Icpw \nb-a-]m-e- I-cpw. ti{µ ASn-Øm-\- nepw `{Zm-k-\m-Sn-Øm-\- nepw CShI Xe- nepw kmaq-lni t a ]²-Xn-I-fpsS Bhn-jvIm-c- n\pw \S- n- n\pw Cuhn-`m-K- nâs -Sp- -h-cpss t\xrxzw {]tbm-p-\-s -Sp- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. \nb-a-t_m-[\ mkp-iä, \nb-ak-lm-b-th-zn-iä, ]{X-{]-hÀ \]cn-io-e\w XpS- n-b-hsbms CXn-t\m-S-\p-_-Ôn p {Iao-I-cn- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. IpSpw-_- nsâ `mkw-h-bv  tacn tdmbn hn[n-bn-eqss k oà -am-bn-cn- -bm-wv. CXv ss{i-kvxh kaq-l-s -bmwv _m[n- n-cn- p- -Xv. hmà²-iy- nâ a Ä kwc- n- ptam F Bi- -sim- mhmw ]e-t mgpw C m-cy- nâ th \nb-a-]-camb _m²y-x-iä ]e amxm-]n-xm- fpw X -fpss Pohn-X-Ime v sn msx t]mip- Xvv. X qew ]e-hn[ hg- p-ifpw XÀ - fpw DZv`-hn- p- p. hnev]-{xw, `mk-]-{xw, CjvS-Zm\w C -s\- bpå Imcy sf- än \nb-a-hn-z-kv[-sc-s m v mkp-iä FSp- nt - -Xm-Wv. IqSp-X sndp- - mà Ct mä am[y-a-cw-k-t v IS- p-hcp- p- v. hmà m-am-[y-a- Ä hgn hcp hmà -IÄ k`-bv n- t mä kt m-j-i-c-a-ã. ae- -c-k-`-bpss ]ucm-wn-i-xzhpw ]mc- ¼cy t{ijvt-xbpw k`m-]-c-amb Nn Ifpw AÀl-ambn ]Tn- W- sa- nâ A m-z-aniv ]WvUn-X- mcpw Fgp- p-imcpw am[y-a-{]- hà -Icpw \½psS t{ijvt-amb Ncn-{Xs s]mxp kaq-l- nsâ ap¼nâ sim p-h-c-ww. IS-a-ä p I -\m-sc-t mepw "Pkyq«v' ]mxn-cn-bpss thj nâ Nn{XoI-cn- p coxn p amäw hcp- -W-sa- nâ AXntâ-Xmb ]cn-io-e-\hpw mkp-ifpw {]kn- ²o-I-c-W- fpw D m-iww. \½psS k`-sb- -än-bpå ]T-\- ÄsImt CXn\p Ign-bq. k`bv v Cu cwk- på {]K-ev`-a-Xn- I-fpsS sshz-kv[yhpw ¹m\p-Ifpw D mtb Xocq. B[p-\nI temi- nsâ NXn- p-gn-i-sf- än k`mw-k- sf t_m[-hm- m-cm- m\pw NXn-bn s]sm-xn-cn- m\pw t]meo-kptzym-k-ø- msc D]-tbm-Kn v mkp-iä kwl-sn- n- Ww. ssk_à ss{iap-i-sf- p-dn pw Iw]yq-«À-þ-sam-ss_ þcâàs\äv Zpcp-]-tbm-K-s - p-dn pw bph-x-e-ap-dbv v th ap -dn-bn- p- Ifpw amà -\nàt±-i- fpw \ÂIm³ C cw kwcw-`- -fp- m-i- Ww. a\p-jy-hn-`-h-tijn hnz-kv[à a\p-jy-hn-`-h-ti-jn-sim vv Gähpw A\p-{K-lo-X-amb Hcp P\-hn-`m-K-amWv ae- c \{km-wn-iä. tpmàpn-b³ and-dnsâ ap³ e - nâ ]n.-f. Ae-Ivkm À Fgp-Xn-bn-cp- -Xp-t]mse Hcp- ]t blq-z-þ-{_m-òw P\n-XI ]mc-¼-cy-amimw sa -s «a\pjy-hn-`-h-ti-jn-bpss Imc-W- -fn-sem- v. ]t tic-f- nsâ Pe-k¼ p t]mse-bmwv ae- c \{km-wn-bpss a\p-jy-hn-`-htijn! ]Ir-Xn-Z- -ambn [mcm-f-ap- v. ]t {]tbm-p-\-s -Sp- m³ \ap- -dn-ª p-iqsm F ZpØn-Xn. CXn\p ]cn-lm-c-ap- m- - coxn-bnâ a\p-jy-hn-`-h-tijnsb Sm v sn m\pw kw`-cn- m\pw D]-tbm-K-s - Sp- m-\p-apå `mh-\m-]qà ]²-Xn-IÄ CShI/`{Zm-k\/k`m ti{µ-x-e- nâ Dcp- n-cn-b- Ww. "lyqa³ dntkmgvkv ' cwk v D]-tbm-K-s -Sp- DZm- m-hp {]K-ev`-a-Xn-I-fpsS henb \nc-xs \apblq-z- p- v. knhnâ kàh-hokv DtZym-K-ØÀ, bqwnth-gvknän A²ym-]-IÀ, ani ]{X-{]-hÀ -IÀ, hnhn[ cwk- -fnâ {]mkev`yw e`n- -hà Ah-scsbÃmw Iq«n hcp n Hcp Xn v Sm v (think tank) D m n k`-bpss hfà bv mbn \à `mhn-zài-\- Ata-cn- sb t mss apt¼m-«p-t]m-ti- n-bn-cn- p- p. Gähpw sndnb kaq-l- n\pw temi- nsâ ap³\n-c-bnâ F m³ Ign-bp-sa- -Xn\v l-c-w-amwv mà. aoun-b, C³jpd³kv, _m nwmv XpS- nb H«-\-h[n taj-e- I-fn \bn- p Xv blq-z-c- m- Wv. t]cân-mv, Icn-bÀ ssku³kv, knhnâ kàhokv s{sbn-\n-mv, _m v Hm^o-kÀ s{sbn-\n-mv, Iayq-Wn-t -j³ kvinâuv s{sbn-\n-mv, sse^v kvinâuv s{sbn-\nmv XpS- nb At\Iw F v.-bà. taj-e-i-fnâ \{kmwn hnzkv[-cpss tkh\w D]-tbm-Kn- mâ hcpw- X-e-ap-dbv v henb hc-zm-\-am-bn-cn- pw. kwh-c-wm-\p-iq-ey- Ä H p-an-ãm Hcp hn`m-k-amwv \mw. sadnäv sxfnbn v Gähpw ap¼nâ h mâ am{xta Ahk-c-apÅp F -XmWv \½psS ØnXn. P\-kwJym hà²-\-\n-c v Xmtg p t]mip Hcp P\-hn- `m-kw. Cu kml-n-cy- nâ \ap v sszhw X n-cn- p hc-zm-\- amb a\p-jy-hn-`-h-tijn (F- - n-e-ã, KpW-ta- -bnâ) Gä-hp-a- [niw D]-tbm-K-s -Sp-t Npa-X-ebpw \ap- p- v. \½psS k`mw-k- -fpss sshzkv[yhpw A\p-`-h-k-¼ pw {]tbm-p-\-s -Sp- -Ww. AhÀ sh«n-s -fn hgntb aäp-å-hà pw t]mim³ Ahkcw e`y-am- m³ {ian- -Ww. hnhn[ taj-e-i-fnâ tkh-a-\p-jvtn tijw \m«nâ hn{i-a- Po-hnXw \bn- p hyàn-iä asämcp henb t{kmx-êmwv. ]mgm-bn-t m-ip Cu t{kmx-êp-iä At\-IÀ v {]tbm-p-\-s - Sp Dd-h-I-fmbn amäm³ k`bv p Ign-b-Ww. C -s\-bp-å-h-scsbms ]qä snbvxv {]hà \taj-e-bnâ sim p-h-c-ww. amdnb- Im-e-L-«- nâ CS-hIbnse ip{iq-j-bpss AÀ X-e- Ä hn]p-e-am-bn-«p- v. Hmtcm CS-h-Imw-K- n\pw Hmtcm IpSpw-_- n\pw Bh-iy-amb hyàn-k-x-amb ip{iq-j-ifpw CS-h-Isb sam w IW- n-se-sp- på a\p-jy-hn-`-h-tijn- hn-i-k\w F ip{iq-j-bp-amwv Ime-L-«- nsâ Bh-iyw. AXn-\mbn \mw \s½ s kö-cm- p-ibpw {]hà n- p-ibpw snbvxn-sã- nâ ]mgvkn kaq-l-s -t mse \mw sasã s]mxp-k-aq-l- n-eenª v CÃm-Xm-bn-Xo-cpw. B[p-\nI Ime-L«w Bh-iy-s -Sp Cu sszh-hnfn \mw tiä p- pt m? ImtXm-en-t äv ]p\xøm]\ixm_vzn BtLm-j-th-f-bn C m-cy- -sfãmw IW- n-se-sp v ]²-Xn-IÄ Bhn-jvI-cn v {]mhà n-i-am- m³ Xo{h-{i-a- Ä k`mt\xr-xz- nâ \n v D m-i-ww. Be- pg Kh. Sn.-Un. saun-  timtf-pnâ sskiym{sn hn`mkw s{]m^-kà B³Uv sluv BWv tej-i³. 17

16 ae- -c-k`: `mhn-zài\w ae- c \{km-wn-iä aq mw kl-{km-_vz n-\-cn-si... AeIvkv Ipcy³ amàt m½m ss]xr-iw, At m-kvtxm-eni ]n- p-sà Ch-sbms B[p-\nI Xe-apdbv v ]pxpa txm n-tb- m-hp ]Z- fmwv. ae- c \{km-wn-isf kw_-ôn- n-s-t mfw Ignª 20 \qäm p-i-fn-eqss \mw s\ n-teän \S A`n-am-\-I-c-amb t\«- fmwv Cu hm- p-i-fn-eqss {]Xn-^-en- p- -Xv. ae- -c-k` 1960-þmw hmàjn-ihpw ImtXm-en-t äv ixm- _vznbpw ]n n-sp-t¼mä \ap v A`n-am-\n- m-t\-sd-bp- v. AtXmsSm w hne-bn-cp- -ep-ifpw Bh-iy-am-Wv. ZoÀL-amb Hcp NÀ bvt m hni-i-e-\- nt\m Cu te-j-\- nâ IqSn Dt±-in- p- n-ã. F mâ Nne {][m\imcy- Ä {i²-bnâs Sp- p-hm³ B{K-ln- p p F p am{xw. ]pxnb kl-{km-_vz- n-\v- A-cnsI \nâ p ae- -c-k-`bv v ]e Xe- -fnepw Xncp- -ep-i-fpw, Znim-t_m-[-hpw, e y-{]m-]vxnbpw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. Imtem-Nn-Xamb Xncp- -ep-iä GXp kaq-l-s bpw IqSp-X hnp-b- -fnte v \bn- p-sa- -Xn kwi-b-an-ã. ASn-Øm-\- Ä si-«n-s m- pi \nsâ k Xn ]pcm-x\iq\y- sf ]Wnbpw; Xe-ap-d-X-e-ap-d-bmbn InS- p ASn-Øm-\- sf \o si«n-s m pw; tisp-xoà p- -h-s\ pw IpSn-bn-cn- m³ X -h w ]mx-isf bym-øm-\- m- p- -h-s\ pw \n\ p t]à ]dbpw (sbi. 58:12) ae- -c-k-`-bnse B[p-\nI Xe-ap-d-bpsS Gähpw henb ISa-bm-Wn-Xv. sszh-z -ambn Ht«sd ASn-Øm- \-in-e-iä \ap p e`n- n-«p- v. \qäm- p-i-fpss {]bm- W- nâ CXn-te-sdbpw amb-s -Sp-I-tbm, ad-b-s -Sp- Itbm ad-bv -s -Sp-Itbm snbvxn-«p v. {]txy-in v CS- m-e v, \ap v A\p-`-hn-t - n-h sshtz-ini ASn-aXzw \½psS ss]xr-i- nsâ Ht«sd sxfn-hp-iä \jvs-s -Sp-hm³ CS-bm- n. ae- -c-k` ]e Imcy- -fnepw k¼- -am-wv. At m-kvtxmeni ]mc-¼-cyw, ]utcm-lnxy ]n p-sà, BZnahnizm-k- nsâ ]n p-sà, BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\- -fpss k¼- -X, ZoÀL-Ime Ncn- {X- nsâ ]n³_-ew, {XnXzm-[n-jvTn-X-amb kxy-hn-izm-kw, \qäm- p-i-fn-eqss \ap v e`n BZ-c-hp-IÄ Ch-sbms hcpw-x-e-ap-d- IÄ p th n \mw si«n-s m- -Ww. amàt m½m Çolm-bpsS kµài-\-hp-ambn _Ô-s «Ncn- {X-h-kvXp-X-IÄ \mw DbÀ n- m-«-ww. At±-l- nsâ t{]jnx {]hà -\-Im-e v tzhm-e-b- Ä Øm]n- -s «Øe- Ä \½psS Gähpw henb A`n-am\tI{µ- -fmbn Xoc-Ww. simsp- - ÃqÀ, ]d-hqà (tim-«-bv m-hv), ]meqà (Ip- w-ip-fw), \ncww, simãw, Xncp-hn-Xmw-tIm-Sv, \ne-bv  (Nm-bÂ), tkm -aw-kew XpS- nb Øe- Ä Ncn-{X- nse {i²m-ti-{µ- -fm-wv. CXn \nc-w- pw Xncp-hn-Xmw-tIm-«pw Ip w-ip-f pw \½psS tzhm-e-b- Ä \ne\nâ p- p. simã v Çolm Øm-]n tzhm-e-b-hpw, AXns\XpSÀ v ]WnX Xcnkm ]Ånbpw IS-se-Sp- p-t]m-bn. Ct mä AXn\p kao-]-ap-åxv \½psS ImZoim ]Ån am{x-am-wv. ]d-hq-cnâ tdma³ It m-en m k`-bpss ssih-ihpw \ne-bv - enâ FIyp-sa-\n-  tzhm-e-bhpw ØnXn-sN- p- p. tkm -aw- Ke- nsâ Øe-\nÀ -b- nâ CXp-h-scbpw hyà-x-bm-bn-«n-ã. tim«-b- n-\pw, Be- p-gbv pw at²y-im-bâ Xoc v FhnsStbm F v hnizkn- -s -Sp p. simsp- -Ãq-cn\p kao]w \½psS XoÀ m-s-\-ti{µw kao-]-`m-hn-bnâ Db-cp-sa p {]Xo- n- mw. AXn-\pÅ {]mcw` \S-]-Sn-IÄ Bcw-`n- n-«p- v. C cw ti{µ- -tfm-s-\p-_-ôn p Çolm-bpsS {]hr n-i-fp-ambn _Ôs «ti{µ- fpw DbÀ n-s m- p-h-c-ww. hs- ³ ]d-hq-cnâ A -amen `{Zm-k-\- nsâ DS-a-Ø-X-bn-epÅ Øe v amàt m- ½³ ti{µw DbÀ p-h-c-ww. Çolm-bpsS cà-km- n-xz- nsâ HmÀ½-IÄ t]dp ssaem- q-cnâ \½psS XoÀ m-s-\-ti-{µ- nsâ ]Wn-IÄ {ZpX-K-Xn-bn ]ptcm-k-an- p-h-cp- p. aebmäqcn\v Ncn-{X- nsâ ]n³_ew CsÃ- nepw AhnsS k`hi Øe v Çolm-bpsS \ma- nâ Hcp Øm]\w Db-cp- Xv \ m-bn-cn- pw. AXp-t]mse \½psS kxy-hn-izm-k- nsâ Bg-amb AÀ -hym-jym-\- Ä ]pxp-x-e-ap-dbv v A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-IWw. ]mc-¼-cy-ambn \ap v e`y-amb Ncn-{X- nsâ GSp-Isf P\-lr-Zb- -fn-se- n- -Ww. HmÀ -tum-ivknbmwv {InkvXo-b- X-bpsS `mhn F v \mw Xncn- dn-bww C cw ASn-Øm-\- Ä si«n-s m- pi F p-åxv Hmtcm hnizm-kn-bp-ssbpw D -c-hm-zn-xz-am-wv. B[p-\nI Ime v {]N-cn- n- -s -Sp hnizm-k-ssh-]-co-xy- -fnâ\n pw k`-sbbpw kaql-s bpw c n- p- -Xn-\pÅ {ia- Ä A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. BZ-c-hp-IÄ... Ah-K-W-\-IÄ... \qäm- p-i-fn-eqss Bcpw IS- p-t]m-im-x-h w \o \nàö-\hpw tzzj-hn-jbhpw Bbn-cp- -Xn\p ]Icw Rm³ \ns \nxy-am-lmßyhpw Xeap-d-X-e-ap-d-bm-bpÅ B\-µhpw B n- oà pw. (sbi. 60:15) ae- c \{km-wn-iä Ncn-{X- nsâ FÃm L«fnepw BZcn- -s -«n-cp p F Xv Hcp hkvxp-x-bm-wv. amà-t m½m ÇolmbpsS t{]jnx {]hà -\-Im-e v tzhm-e-b- Ä Bcw-`n- p- hm\pw Bcm-[-\bv p XpS w Ipdn- p-hm\pw Ign-ª -Xp-Xs BZna k`bv p e`n BZ-c-hm-Wv. \qäm- p-i-fneqss \mw \ne- \nà -s «p F -Xn-t\- mä kaqlw \s½ \ne-\nà n-sb p ]d-bp- -XmWp icn. F m-e pw cmpm- - m-cp-ssbpw \msp-hm-gn- I-fp-sSbpw BZ-c-hn\pw B\p-Iq-ey- Ä pw ae- c \{km-wn-iä ]m{xo-`q-x-cm-bn-cp p F Xv hmkvx-ham-wv. Ncn-{X- nse hnhn[ Ime-L-«- Ä ChnsS A\m-h-cWw sn p-hm³ Dt±-in- p- n-ã. Nne kqn-\-ifnâ IqSn am{xw CXp hyà-am- p-hm³ B{K-ln- p- p. 3, 4, 8 \qäm- p-i-fnâ \ap p e`n imk-\- fpw snt -Sp-Ifpw am{xw axn C cw BZ-c-hp-I-sf- än hne-bn-cp- p-hm³. ae- -ck-`-bpss Gähpw ]pcm-x-\- amb snt Sv BWv Cc-hn-tImÀ ³ snt -Sv. F.-Un. 230  alm-tz-h-]-«-w v hwn-i-t{i-jvt-\mb Cc-hn-tImÀ \v awn{km-ahpw aäp Nne ]Z-hn-Ifpw \ÂIp- -Xmbn sn¼p-x-in-snâ Fgp-Xnb imk-\-amwv tzh-tem-i v kq n- n-cn- p- -Xv. tic-f- nse ss{ikvx-h-k-`bv v kmaq-ln-i-amb ]e ]Zhn- Ifpw Øm\-am-\- fpw ]pcm-x-\-im-e v A\p-h-Zn- -s -«n-cp- p. aq mw \qäm- nâ tnc-km{ampyw {]m_ey nen-cn- p Ime v hoc-cm-lh N{I-hÀ n A s ss{i-kvxh `c-w-ià m-hm-bncp Cc-hn-tImÀ -\mb tnc-am³ s]cp-s -«n v Fgp-Xn-s m- Sp imk-\- nâ 72 ]Z-hn-I-sf- än hnh-cn- p- p. F.-Un. 345  Iv\mbn sxm½\pw Iq«cpw tic-f- n-te v IpSn-tb-dn-b-t mä AhÀ v e`n snt Sv asäm-cp- sx-fn-hm-wv. CXpw ae- c \{km-wn-i-tfm-spå BZ-c-hnsâ {]Xn-^-e-\-am-bn«v \ÂI-s -«-Xm-Wv. F.-Un. 849  Ipe-ti-Jc km{ampyw `cn- n-cp ØmWp chnhའamà km_oà Cutimbv v Fgp-Xn-sIm-Sp- -Xm-Wv Xcnkm ]Ån imk-\- Ä. simã v AhÀ v A\p-h-Zn AhIm-i- - fmwv CXn {]Xn-]m-Zn- n-cn- p- -Xv. F.-Un. 9 \qäm p apxâ 14-þmw \qäm p hsc tic-fs \bn {InkvXy³ cmp-ip-spw-_-am-bn-cp p hneymàh-«w. {InkvXym- \n-iä p am{x-ambn Hcp cmp-hwiw \ne-\nà n-bn-cp p F Xp Xs henb Hcp Aw-Ko-Im-c-am-Wv  bqpn-\n-b³ ]m m, ainlm-bnâ \½psS Gähpw {]nb-]p-{x³ `mc-xob {]i-kvx- N{IhÀ n-bmb txmambv v Hcp I v Ab- -Xmbn tcj-bp- v. F mâ ]n osv ae- c \{km-wn-i-fpss CS-bn-ep- mb tncn- Xn-cn-hp-IÄ \½psS Øm\-am-\- Ä v Hcp ]cn[n hsc CSÀ bp- m- n. F nepw \m«p-cm-pm- - mà ]e-t mgpw tzhm-e-b- Ä v hkvxp- Ä A\p-h-Zn p \ÂIn-bn-«p- v. ]d-hqà X¼p-cm- - mà tim«-bv mhv ]Ån v Ccp-]- n-bmdp apdn ]pc-bn-s- Ä Ic-sam-gnhmbn hn«psimsp- p-ibpw Ah-bpsS Icw ]Ån-bpsS hnf- p- sh n\p \ÂIp-Ibpw snbvx-xmbn tcj-bp- v. 20-þmw \qäm- nâ ae- -c-k-`-bnâ D mb tikp-ifpw tncn-xncn-hp-ifpw \s½ IqSp-X ZpÀ_e-cm n se do p {]Øm-\- nsâ Bcw-`-hpw, ]m{xn-bà okv hn`m-k-hp-am-bn-«på tikp-ifpw \½psS bi-ên\p a -teâ n- p. do v hn`m-k- nsâ \ne-]m-sp-iä A pw C pw Hcp-t]mse XpS-cp- p. ae- c \{km-wn-ifnâ `n n- p- m- pi F XXz nâ Dd- p-\nâ p- p. ae- -c-k-`-bpss `mhn-sb- än Ft mgpw AhÀ DXvIWvT-s -Sp- p. F mâ Cub-Sp Ime v 18

17 ae- -c-k`: `mhn-zài\w Cä-en-bnse {]ikvx IÀ±n-\mÄ ImÀtem acnbm amà«n-\n-bpss ]cm-aài- Ä (-am-xr-`qan Zn\-]-{Xw) AhÀ hne-bn-cp- p- Xv \ mbn-cn- pw. It m-en k` 200 hàj- Ä ]n n-em-sw- pw, AIw s]må-bm-sw- pw, `mhn tim`-\-a-sã pw At±lw hne-bncp- p- p. ]m{xn-bà okv hn`m-k- nsâ Ignª \qäm- nse A[mÀ½n-I-hpw, Ass{I-kvX-hhp-amb \ne-]m-sp-iä kaq-l-a-²y- nâ ae- -c-k-`sb Ahtl-fn-X-cm- n. C v AXnsâ ]cn-wn-x- ^-e- -fmwv \mw A\p-`-hn- p-sim- n-cn- p- -Xv. C v `c-wm-[n- Im-cn-IÄ v ae- c \{km-wn-i-fpss thm«pw, t\m«pw am{xw axn... ]t 72 ]Z-hn-IÄ, AXv aäp-å-hà v Xs! hni-k\kwkvimcw \nsâ IqSm-c- nsâ Øes hnim-e-am- pi; \nsâ \nhmk- -fpss Xnc-Èo-e-Isf AhÀ \nhnà- s«; XSp- p-i-f-b-cpxv; \nsâ Ibdp-Isf \o«pi; \nsâ Ipän-Isf Dd- n- pi. \o CSt m«pw he-t m«pw ]c pw. (sbi. 54:2, 3) ae- -c-k-`-bnâ Hcp hni-k\kwkvimcw C\nbpw cq]w {]m- ]n-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. \mw Ct mgpw ]Xn-äm- p-iä p ]n n-em- Wv. \ap p Npäp-apÅ kap-zm-b- fpw k`-ifpw hni-k-\- nsâ ]mx-bnâ _lpzqcw apt -dp-t¼mä Cu cwks \½psS ImÂhbv]p-IÄ hfsc ]cn-an-x-am-wv. CS-h-I-I-fp-sSbpw `{Zmk-\- -fp-ssbpw Bßob {]Øm-\- -fp-ssbpw P\- -fpssbpw Iq«mb hfà -bmwv Hcp k`-bpss hfà -bmbn IW- m- p- -Xv. k`m t\xrxzw \S- nâ hcp- p hni-k\{]hà -\- Ä CtXm-sSm w IW- m- mw. Fkv.-F³.Un.-]n. t]mepå kap-zmb kwl-s-\- Ifpw k`-ifpw Ignª ]Xn-äm- nâ t\snb apt äw {it²-b-am-wv  ]cw kzm{ib kwl- Ä cq]o-icn- v 2350 timsn cq]-tbmfw ssat{im-^n-\m³kv ]²Xn hgn-bmbn AwK- Ä p \ÂIp-hm³ t\xrxz n\p Ign- ª p. CXv kap-zm-bmw-k- -fpss km¼- ni \ne hf-sc-b- [niw DbÀ p-hm³ CS-bm- n. 25 s{]m^-j-wâ timfpp-iä DÄs ss 60 Øm]-\- Ä Ignª Zi-I- nâ AhÀ ]Sp- p-- bà n. aäp-å-h-cpss hni-k\w CS-h-Ibv p ]pd-t p hfà - t mä \½psS hni-k\w tzhm-e-b- nsâ ]cn-k-c- -fnâ HXp- n. hnj-\pw, anj\pw H p-tn-cp-t¼mä \½psS CS-hI ]Ån- Ifpw `{Zm-k-\- -fpw, Bßob kwl-s-\-i-fp-sams ani hnpb- nsâ ]mx-bnâ apt -dpw. CXp c pw Csà nâ ]Xn-äm- p- IÄ ]n -Å-s -Spw. \ap v Npäp-ap-Å-hÀ \s½ ]n -Åpw. hnik\imgvn- m-sn-epå hyxymk fmwv C s \½psS ]nt m- m-h-øbv p Imc-Ww. k` Hä-s -«mbn Cu kao-]-\- n\p amäw hcp- Ww FÃm cwk pw k`sb hfà n-sb-sp- p-hm³ \mw {ian- Ww. Ht«sd km²y-x-iä \½psS ap³]n-ep- v. km¼- n-i-þ-km-aq-ly-þ-kmwkvim-cn-i-þ-cm-jv{sob cwk- -fnâ \nd-ª p-\nâ p Ht«sd {]Xn- `-IÄ \ap p Npäp-ap- v. km¼- n-i-ambn A`n-hr²n {]m]n Hcp hnizmkn kaqlw \ap p Npäp-ap- v. k`bv p th n F pw \ÂIp-hm³ AhÀ X m-dm-wv. C cw hyàn-i-fp-ssbpw hnizmkn-i-fp-ssbpw kl-i-cww \mw ]c-am-h[n {]tbm-p-\-s -Sp- Ww. km¼- ni `{Z-X-bp-s - nâ hni-k-\-sa- -Xm-bn-cp p ]gb km¼- ni imkv{xw. C v B ImgvN- m-sn\p amäw h n-cn- p- p. km¼- ni `{Z-X-tbm-sSm w a\p-jy-hn-`-h-ti-jnbpw H p-tn-cp-t¼mä hni-k-\- nsâ ]Sn-IÄ Nhp-«nIbdmw F - XmWv B[p-\n-I-im-kv{Xw. Cu c v A\p-Iqe LS-I- fpw k`bv v Zm\-ambn \ÂIn-bn-«p- v. hnzym-`ym-k-þ-b-xp-c-ip-{iqjm cwk v kaq-l- n\v Ht«sd sa -s «tkh-\- Ä \ap v \ÂIm³ Ign-bpw. tkh\ thx\hyhø-i-fnâ Kh saâ v ImX-emb amäw hcp- n-btxmss Aan-X-em`w am{xw e y-am n {]hà n- n-cp Ht«sd Øm]-\- -fpss \ne ]cp- -en-em-wv. Cu A\p-Iqe kml-ncyw \mw ]c-am-h[n {]tbm-p-\-s -Sp -Ww. kv-ym-]-\- -fpss Imcy- nâ _mly-ti-cf CS-h-I-IÄ ticf- nse CS-h-I-I-sf- mä hfsc ap n-em-wv. _mly-ti-c-f- nse ]Ip-Xn-bn-e-[nIw Øe- -fnepw Øm]-\- Ä Bcw-`n- p- Ibpw hnp-b-i-c-ambn AXv \S- n-s m- p-t]m-ibpw sn p- p- v. _m n-bpå Øe- -fnepw C -c- n-epå ]ptcm-k-a\{ia- Ä \S- p-h-cp- p. C cw kao-]-\- Ä k`-bpss biêv DbÀ p-hm-\pw, CS-h-I-I-fpsS km¼- ni ØnXn hfà n-sb-sp- p-hm-\pw, anj³ t]mepå cwk- -fnâ {i² snep- p-hm\pw D -Xe- y- Ä Cà F Xv \½psS t]mcm-bvabm-wv km[y-am- p- p. tic-f- nâ C cw hni-k\amxri Nq n- m-wn- m- hp CS-h-I-IÄ Npcp- -am-wv. amth-en- c `{Zm-k-\- nse ] n- nd skâ v tpm kv CS-hI CXn-s\m-c-]-hm-Z-am-Wv. 720 `h- \- -fpå {Km-aoW taj-e-bnse Cu CS-hI FÃm Xe- -fnepw hni-k-\- nsâ ]mx-bn-em-wv. \ho-i-cn at\m-l-c-amb tzhm-ebw, ià-ambn {]hà n- p Bßob kwl-s-\-iä, Bbn-ct mfw t]à v Ccn- m-hp HmUn-täm-dn-bw, Hm^o-kv, ]mgvkt\pv F nh tzhm-eb ]cn-k-c v {]hà n- p-t¼mä, kaq-l- n\p {]tbm-p-\-i-c-amb coxn-bnâ sslkviqä, lbà sk ³Udn kviqä, kn.-_n.-f-kv.-c. kviqä, sf.-sn.-kn., ]mceâ timfpv F nh \à \nebnâ apt -dp- p Ifn Bcw- `n hni-k\{]{inb CS-h-I-bn XpSÀ p-sim-t -bn-cn- p- p. k`m-cxv\w Imew-sNbvX KohÀKokv amà HkvXm- n-tbmkv Xncpta\n Cu CS-h-I- m-c- -\m-bn-cp p F Xv FSp- p-]-d-b- hkvxp-x-bm-wv. hni-k\imgvn- m-tsmss {]hà n- p `{Zm-k\t\XrXzw, s{]mp-ivsp-iä v cq]w \ÂIp CS-hI t\xr-xzw, Dd ]n pw \ÂIp hnizm-k- kaqlw CXp aq pw H p-tn-cpt¼mä GXp hni-k-\hpw \ap v ]qà o-i-cn- p-hm³ Ign-bpw. CXn GsX- nepw Hcp Xe- nâ hyxykvx kao-]\w h mâ AXv hfà sb _m[n- pw. `{Zm-k\Xe- n-epå hni-k\{]{in-b-bnepw CtX AhØ Xs -bm-wv. ka-xp-en-x-amb Hcp hfà \ne-\nà p- `{Zm-k-\- Ä Ipd-hm-Wv. hnzym-`ym-k-þ-b- Xp-c-ip-{iqjm cwks Øm]-\- Ä, ImcpWy Øm]- \- Ä, kmaqly tkh\{]hà -\- Ä, kphn-ti-jw, CS-hI hni-k-\w, km¼- ni `{ZX ssih-cn- Â, Bßob {]Øm-\- -fpss hfà, Bßob \thm- m\w XpS n FÃm taj-e-i-fnepw Hcp-t]mse {i² simsp- p `{Zm-k-\- Ä p am{xta ka{k hni-k\w km[y-am-iq. GsX- nepw Hcp taj-e-bnâ am{xw {i²n- p-ibpw aäp hn`m-k- sf Ah-K-Wn- p-ibpw sn p- Xv ico-c- nsâ Hcp `mk v AanX hfà hcp- -Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. kotdm-þ-a-e-_mà k`-bpss N -\m-tècn AXn-cq-]X Xncp-h- \- -]p-c v am{xw \S- p hni-k\{]hà -\- Ä 2000 timsnbp-ts-xmwv F kxyw \mw a\-ên-em- -Ww. \½psS CS-h-I-Ifpw `{Zm-k\t\Xr-Xz- -fpw k`mt\xrxzhpw hni-k-\- nsâ Imcy- nâ GX-äw-hsc t]mi-w-sa v C\n-sb- nepw Nn n- p- Xv {]tbm-p-\-i-c-ambn ocpw. s\k-äohv Nn m-k-xn-iä amdn k`bv p th n Ht«sd Imcy- Ä ]qà o-i-cn- p-hm³ Ignbpw F Bß-hn-izmkw \½psS Bßob Øm\n-I-fnepw hnizm-kn- I-fnepw hf-tc- n-bn-cn- p- p. hni-k-\- nsâ ]mx-bnâ Bßob {]Øm-\- Ä pw apjy ] p-h-ln- m-\p- v. \mkv]qà skan-\m-cn-tbmsv A\p-_-Ôn p ]»niv kviqä {]hà \w Bcw- `n- n-cn- p- Xv amxr-im-]-c-am-wv. km¼- ni `{ZX k`-bpss FÃm Xe -fnepw km¼- ni `{ZX ssih-cnt Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. F nâ am{xta Bßob þ `uxni cwk- -fn-epå \½psS {]hà -\- Ä ka-tbm-nn-x-ambn ]qà o-i-cn- p-hm³ km[n- p-i-bp-åq. F mâ \ap v Cu cwk v `{ZX ssih-cn- p-hm³ Ign-ª n-«n-ã. AXn-\pÅ iàamb {ia- Ä CXp-h-scbpw k`-bpss `mk- p-\n v D m-ip- n- Ãm-sb- -XmWv t\xr-cw-ks ]e-cp-ssbpw ]cm-xn. ]cp-ae skan-\m-cn-bnâ\n pw e`n- p hnlnxw ImtXm-en- m-zn\]ncn-hv, Fw.-Un. simta-gvkyâ skâ-dnâ \n pw e`n- p hmsi Ch Hgn- mâ aäp hcp-am-\- Ä Hs AXXp Øm]-\- - fpss \nb-{ -W- n-em-wv. C s\ e`n- p Gtgm Ft«m timsn cq]sim v ae- -c-k-`-bpss {]h-à -\- Ä GtIm-]n- n p Xnt\m, hni-k-\-{]-hà -\- Ä v cq]w simsp- p- - Xnt\m Ign-bmsX hcp- p. CXp-X-s -bmwv Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc `{Zmk-\- -fp-ssbpw Ah-Ø. Imtem-Nn-X-ambn sshzn-i-cpss thx- \hpw aäpw hà²n- n- p-t¼mä CS-h-I-I-fpsS km¼- ni ØnXnsbbpw AXp _m[n- pw. CS-h-I-I-fp-sS-XpÄ ss GI-tZiw 700 timsn-tbmfw hmàjni _UvPäv DÅ Hcp k`-bnâ Hcp ix-am\w am{x-ta ]. _mhm Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sS-bpw, hà nmv I½n-än-bp-sSbpw \nb-{ - W- nâ hn\n-tbm-kn- p-hm³ km[n- p-i-bp-åp F Xv Hcp 19

18 ae- -c-k`: `mhn-zài\w \yq\-x-bm-wv. {]Xn-hÀjw 50 timsn cq]-sb- nepw ti{µ-x-e- nâ Is - n-bmâ am{xta k`-bpss {]hà -\- Ä DuÀPn- X-s -Sp- p-hm³ km[n- p-i-bp-åq. k` ]pxnb km¼- ni t{kmx-êp-iä Is - -Ww. Fw.-Un. simta-gvkyâ skâ-dnâ\n v Ct mgpw Ipdª \nc- n-epå hms-i-bmwv e`n- p-sim- n-cn- p X.v tim«bw SuWn kviz.-^o-än\v 50 cq] hmsi e`n- p-t¼mä \ap v 15 cq] am{x-amwv Ct mä e`n- p- -Xv. AXv hà²n- n- p-hm³ k` \S-]- Sn-IÄ kzoi-cn- p-xp-s- n-bn-«p v. Fw.-Un. timta-gvkyâ skâdnsâ api-fn-epå c p \ne- IÄ ]Wn-bm³ C\n A\p-hmZw e`n- p-i-bn-ã. sslth dqäkv {]m-_-ey- nâ hcp- -Xn\p ap¼v \ap v AXv ]qà n-bm- p-hm³ km[n- n-cp- p-sh- nâ 50 e w cq]-bnâ A[nIw {]Xn-hÀjw e`n- p-am-bn-cp- p. Ct m-gpå si«n-s- n\p api-fnâ dq^nmv \S n hms-ibv p simsp- mâ 40 e w cq] {]Xn-hÀjw e`n- p-sa p {]Xo- n- mw. Ct mä Fw.-Un. tim¼u- nâ k` \nà½n- m-\p-t±-in- p CâÀ\m-jW I h³j³ skâà tim«-b- nsâ `mhn hni-k-\- n\v IqSp-X ^e-{]-z-am-ipw. 20 timsn cq]-tbmfw sne-hnâ Cu ]²Xn ]qà n-bm-ip-t¼mä k`bv v {]Xn-hÀjw 2 timsn cq]-sb- nepw BZmbw e`n- pw. si.-si. tdmun-\-`n-ap-j-ambn Fw.-Un.-tIm-¼u- nâ D]-tbm- K-c-ln-X-ambn InS- p c c G À Øe v k` hni-k\{]h- À -\ Ä \S- -Ww. timsn- -W- n\p cq] hne-a-xn- p Cu `qan ^e-{]-z-ambn hn\n-tbm-kn- -Ww. 15-þ20 \ne-i-fn-embn Hcp CâÀ\m-j-W t{suv skâà \nà½n- mâ \½psS `mhn kz]v\ Ä ]qh-wn-bn- p-hm³ km[n- pw. C cw kwcw-`- Ä `mkn-i-ambn _n.-h.-sn. hyh-ø-bnâ ]qà o-cn- p-hm³ ]ecpw cwk- p- v. CsXm-s bpw ka-b-_-ôn-x-ambn ]qà o-i-cn- p-hm³ \ap p Ign-b-Ww. Xncp-h-\- -]p-cs _tk-en-tbmkv aµn-cs kw_-ôn- p- mb tikp-iä FÃmw H p-xoà p. 3 ]Xn-äm- n-te-sd-bmbn \S tikp-iä ]n³h-en- Xv CS-h-I-bp-sSbpw `{Zmk-\- n-sâbpw k`-bp-ssbpw Xncph- -]pcs hfà bv v B w hà²n- n- pw. Xncp-h- \- -]p-c pw ]pxnb aµn-c- Ä \nà½n- mâ k`bv v Hcp hnlnxw e`n- pw. Sqdnkw \½psS kwkvim-c- n-sâ `mk-am-bn- - gnª p. Ht«sd k`mw-k- Ä ]Xn-hmbn C cw ti{µ- Ä kµàin- m-dp- v. henbxpi Xmak kui-cy- n\p th n ChÀ Nne-h-gn- p- p- v. C cw ti{µ- -fnâ k`bp-ss-tbm, `{Zm-k-\- nsâ-tbm, CS-h-I-bp-sStbm B`n-ap-Jy- nâ KÌvlukp-IÄ ]Wn-b-Ww. aq mà, tx -Sn, ]ocp-ta-sv, tim«-bw, Fd-Wm-Ip-fw, Iq\qÀ, ssh n-cn, kpâ m³ _t -cn, IpS-Iv, ssakqà, _mw qà, imkvxmw-tim-«, Xncp-h-\- -]pcw XpS n C cw ti{µ- Ä CXn-\mbn ]cn-k-wn- mw. FÃm ti{µ- -fnepw \ap v Øe-hp-ap- v. Iq\q-cnepw aq m-dnepw CS-h-I-X-e- nâ sndn-b-txm-xnâ Xma-k-ku-Icyw Hcp- n-bn-«p- v. amàt m½m k`-bpss aq mà KÌv luknâ \n p am{xw 50 e - n-tesd hcp-am\w e`n- p- p. It m-en m k`bv v an ti{µ- -fnepw KÌv lukp-iä \nehn-ep- v. aäp kap-zm-b- fpw C cw ti{µ- Ä ^e-{]-z-ambn D]-tbm-K-s -Sp- p- p. C cw t{]m-p-ivsp-iä CS-h-I-X-e- nepw `{Zm-k-\-X-e- nepw ]qà o-icn- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. k` ASn-b- n-c-ambn Hcp hni-k\^ v cq]-hâ cn- -Ww. F nâ am{xta C cw kwcw-`- Ä ]qà o-i-cn v Ønc-h-cpam\w Is m³ km[n- p-i-bp-åq. k`mw-k- -fnâ \n v kw`mh-\-bm-tbm, ]en-i-c-lnx t_m mtbm XpI kzoi-cn v 100 timsn cq]-bpss Hcp hni-k\^ v kzcq-]n- -Ww. k` Hä-s -«mbn {ian- mâ Cu XpI Is - p-hm³ _p²n-ap-«n-ã. Bßob \thm- m\w ImtXm-en-t äv ixm-_vzn-tbm-s-\p-_-ô-ambn 2002 ap-xâ 2012 hsc-bpå Imew Bßob \thm- m\zi-i-ambn k` {]Jym- ]n- n-cp- p. F mâ AXn\- \- pk- rx- a- mbn IqSpX-  IÀ½ ]cn]- ms- ni- Ä Bhnj- Iv c- n v \S - nâ hcp - ph- m³ km[n - pthm F X v kzbw ]cntim-[-\bv p hnt[-b-am- -Ww. F mâ k`-bpss s]mxp-hmb Bßob cwk- -fnâ Ht«sd t\«- Ä Cu Ime-b-fhn t\sn-sb- Sp- p-hm³ km[n p F Xv henb sszh-ir-]-bm-wv. t \ X r X z w Bßo-I-ambn h f - c p - t ¼ m Ä h n i z m k n kaqlw {InbmßI- a- mbn {]Xn- Ic- n - p p * \qä-¼-xn-tesd tzhm-e-b- Ä ]pxp n ]Wn-bp-I-tbm, \ho-icn- p-itbm snbvxp. * ]e CS-h-I-I-fp-sSbpw ASn-Øm\kuI-cy Ä hà²n- n- p. * hn. IpÀºm-\-bn ]s -Sp- p- -h-cp-ssbpw hn. IpÀ_m\ kzoicn- p- -h-cp-ssbpw F - nâ KWy-amb hà²\ D m-bn. FÃm -tz-hm-e-b- -fnepw ap³im-e- -fn-te- mä hnizm-kn-i-fpss kl-i-cww D m-bn. * s]cp-\m-fp-iä IqSp-X Nn«-tbm-Sp-IqSn A\p-jvTn- p- p. * XoÀ m-s\ti{µ- -fpss Hs hni-k-\-t m-ssm w XoÀ m- S-cpsS F hpw hà²n- p. * BßobkwL-S-\-I-fpsS {]hà -\- Ä k`-bn-ep-s-\ofw Imcy- a-ambn \S- -s -«p. * ]pxnb `{Zmk-\- fpw ]pxnb {Iao-I-c-W- fpw \ne-hnâ h p. 14 sa{xm-t m-eo- -amsc ]pxp-xmbn \nb-an- p. * {]oam-cn-äâ Iu kn-enmv an `{Zm-k-\- -fnepw \S- nâ hcp- n. * Zimwiw simsp- p- -h-cpss F - nâ KWy-amb hà²-\-hv. AXv ImtXm-en- m-zn\]ncn-hnepw {]Xn-^-en- p- p. * kne-_kv ]cn-jvi-c-w-t m-ssm w kt -kviqä Atkm-kntb-jsâ {]hà -\- Ä IqSp-X hym]n- p. * ]pxnb B{i-a- fpw imjifpw \ne-hnâ h p. \qdn-tesd k\ym-kn-þ-k-\ym-kn-\n-iä ]pxp-xmbn AwK- -fm-bn. * Xncp-hn-Xmw-tIm-Sv, ssaem- qà, a«mt cn XpS- nb ss]xri ti{µ- fpss hni-k-\w. * k`-bpss sshzni skan-\m-cn-i-fpss {]hà \w Ipd- p-iqsn Imcy- -a-am-bn. \mkv]qà skan-\mcn hni-k-\- nsâ ]mxbnâ apt -dp- p. * k`-bnâ hf-sc-tbsd {]iv\- Ä krjvsn- n-cp Xncp-h-\- -]p-cw, timb-¼- qà, Ip w-ip-fw, Fd- Wm-Ipfw F o Øe- -fnse XÀ - Ä ]qà amtbm `mkn-i-amtbm ]cnl-cn- -s -«p. `{Zm-k\hn`- P-\s XpSÀ v D mb XÀ - fpw ]cn-l-cn- - s -«p. * k`-bpss anj³ {]hà -\- Ä hn]p-eo-i-cn- p. ]pxnb ImcpWy Øm]\ fpw, {]kvym-\- fpw Bcw-`n- -s -«p. * temi- nsâ hnhn[ `mk- -fnâ ]pxnb 60 CS-h-I- IÄ. * tkmkv]â Soap-I-fpsS km n²yw \½psS I h³j-\p- IÄ v Ipsd- qss DWÀth-In. * CS-hI s]mxp-tbm-k- Ä Ipd- p-iqsn im -am-bn. sshzn-icpss tkh\w Ipd- p-iqsn Imcy- -a-am-bn. kt -kviq-fp-i-fpssbpw {]mà \m tbmk- -fp-ssbpw {]hà -\- Ä kpo-ham-bn. * ixm-_vzn-tbm-s-\p-_-ôn v ]. _mhm Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS IÂ]\{]Imcw \S- nb 100 awn- qà AJWvU {]mà -\- bnâ temi- nsâ hnhn[ `mk- -fn-embn tesd hnizmkn-iä ]s -Sp- p. * ss nä hmb-\-bpw, ]T-\hpw hf-sc-b-[niw hnizm-kn-i-fpss Zn\-N-cy-bpsS `mk-am-bn. CsXm-s bpw k`m {]hà -\-cw-ks \thm m\e - W- -fm-wv. F mâ hyàn/ipspw-_- -fpss ]cn-hà -\- nâ IqSn am{xta s]mxp-hmb \thm- m-\-{]-{inb ]qà o-i-cn- -s -Sp- I-bpÅp. CXp IW- m n IÀ½-]-cn-]m-Sn-IÄ Bhn-jvI-cn- -Ww. Icn-kvam-änIv I h³j-\p-i-fpss KpW-t`m-àm- sf ]än Ht«sd NÀ -IÄ \S- p-i-gn-ª p. AXp-aqew Nne-cp-sS-sb- nepw hyàn-pohn-x- nâ, IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X- nâ D m- nb ]cn-hà \w \ bpss hi-am-wv. It m-en- m-k` Hcp ]cn[n hsc kpo-h-ambxv Cu \thm- m\{]{in-b-bn-eq-ss-bm-wv. \½psS CS-h-I-I-fn GI-Zn\[ym\-hpw, hyàn-kx Iu kn-enw-kp-sams IqSp-Xembn \S- nâ hcp- -Ww. AXp-t]mse ss nä ]T-\w, hnizmk-]-t\w, Bcm-[\]T\w Hs A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. lyqa³ dntkmgvkv k`-bpss F v.-bà. hn`m-k- nsâ {]hà -\- Ä IqSp-X taj-e-i-fn-te v hym]n-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. Ct mä \ne-hn-epå 20

19 ae- -c-k`: `mhn-zài\w ti{µ-k-an-xn-bpss B`n-ap-Jy- nâ ]cn-an-x-amb taj-e-i-fnâ am{x-amwv {]hà n- p- -Xv. ti{µ-k-an-xn-tbm-ssm w `{Zmk\kan-Xn-Ifpw \ne-hnâ hc-ww. sam - nâ 250 t]sc nepw AwK -fmb F v.-bà. hn`mkw \ne-hnâ hc-ww. k`-bpss ka{khni-k-\- n\v Bh-iy-amb Hcp tuäm _m n\v cq]w \ÂIp-hm³ F v.-bà. hn`mkw BZyw {i²n- -Ww. Hmtcm `{Zm-k-\- nepw hyxymkvx taj-e-i-fnâ {]hà n- p- - h-cpss enkväv X m-dm- -Ww. tumivts-gvkv, F³Pn-\o-tb-gvkv, temtb-gvkv, D X Kh. DtZym-K-ØÀ, hyh-kmb kwcw-`-ià, sf.- Sn. taj-e, sk{i-t«-dn-bäv XpS n hnhn[ taj-e-i-fnâ {]hà n- p k`mw-k- fpss tuäm _m v X m-dm- Ww. AXv `{Zm-k-\- n\p ]pdsa Hcp knän ti{µo-i-cn v {]mtz-ini Xe- nepw X mdm- -Ww. Hmtcm hn`m-k- n-sâbpw {]mtz-in-i-amb H p-tn-c-ep-iä 6 amk- n-sem-cn-  F nepw kwl-sn- n- -Ww. k`-bpss hnhn[ Xe- -fn-epå {]hà -\- -fp-ambn AhÀ v kl-i-cn- p-hm³ Ah-k-c-sam-cp- -Ww. `mhn-bnâ \½psS FÃm `{Zm-k-\- -fnepw ani coxn-bnâ {]hà n- p Bip-]{XnIÄ Bcw-`n-t n-hcpw. A cw Ah-k-c- -fnâ CXp-t]m-se-bpÅ tumivts-gvknsâ tkh\w `mkn-i-ambpw ]qà -ambpw D]-tbm-K-s -Sp- p-hm³ \ap p km[n- pw. Xncp-h-\- -]pcw knän-bnâ am{xw kq À kvs]jym-enän hn`m-k- -fnâ {]hà n- p 120 tesd tumivsàam-cpss Iq«mbva \ap- p- v. Xncp-h-\- -]p-c v Bcw-`n- p kwcw-`- Ä v Ah-cpsS tkh\w CXn-t\m-SIw hmkvzm\w sn -s -«p-i-gn-ª p. k`bv p `mhn-bnâ Hcp sf.-sn. ]mà v \nehnâ hc-wsa v B{K-ln- p- p. sf.-sn. taj-e-bnâ {]hà n- p- -h-cpss tkh\w AhnsS D]-tbm-K-s -Sp- mw. F v.-bà. hn`m-k- nsâ t\xr-xz- nâ Hmtcm hn`m-k- nsâbpw t\xrxz kwk-a- Ä kwl-sn- n- -Ww. IqSmsX k`-bpss Øm]-\- -sf- än ]Tn v AhbpsS \ne-hmcw imkv{xo-b-ambn hni-i-e\w snbvxv dnt mà«v X m-dm- p-ibpw AXnsâ ASn-Øm-\- nâ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoi-cn- p-ibpw snbvxmâ ]e Øm]-\- fpw D X \ne-hm-c- n-se- n- p-hm³ km[n- pw. kphn-tijw k` Gähpw {]m[m\yw \ÂtI hkvxp-x-bmwv kphn-tij {]hà -\w. {]txy-in v ae- -c-k-`-bpss 1960-þmw hmàjniw \mw BtLm-jn- p-t¼mä ]. amàt m½m Çolm \ap p Im«n- kphn-tij ]mx ]n p-s-c-ww. kphn-ti-j- nsâ ]mx-bnâ ae- -c-k-`bv v Iq«nt À p-hm³ C\nbpw hf-sc-bp- v. C v k`mw-k- -tfmsp am{xamwv \mw kphn-tijw Adn-bn- p- Xv Fs mcp Nn m-kxn k`bn-ep- v. B \ne \mw am-än-sb-sp- Ww. kphn-ti-j- nsâ ssnx\yw \mw DÄs m-å-ww. kvt\l- nsâ kphn-ti-j-t mssm w tbip-{in-kvxp-hnsâ c -bpss kphn-ti-jhpw ] n-s-ww. amàt m½m kphn-tij kwl- n\v 56 anj³ ti{µ- fpw 306 kphn-ti-j-icpw 56 anj-\-dn-am-cp-ap-å-t mä \½psS k`-bnâ kphn-tij taj-e-bnâ {]hà n- p-hm³ X m-dm-ip- hà hfsc Ipd-hm-Wv. F mâ dn«-bàsaân\p tijw C cw Øe- -fnâ {]hà n- p-hm³ ]ecpw apt m-«p-h-cp- Xv ip`-kq-n-\-bm-wv. ASp- -Im-e v Hcp D -X sf.-f.-f-kv. DtZym-K-س Ie-l- n-bnâ {]hà n- p- -Xn-\pÅ Xmev]cyw ]c-ky-ambn Adn-bn- p-i-bp- m-bn. hnhn[ `mj-i-fnâ \½psS IpÀ_m\ \S- nâ hcp- -Ww. ]cn-ønxn/imàjniw ]cn-ønxn kwc- Ww ae- -c-k-`-bpss {][m\{]nm-cw hnj-b-am-wv. k`mw-k- sfbpw kaq-ls Xs bpw \mw t_m[- h-â -cn- -Ww. k`bv v A`n-hµy Ipdn-bm-t mkv amà n½okv sa{xm-t m-eo- -bpss t\xr-xz- nâ ]cn-ønxn I½o-j³ \nehn-ep- v. ]cn-ønxn kwc- Ww Ime-L-«- nsâ Bh-iy-hpw, sszh-\n-tbm-k-hp-am-wv. hb-\m-sv, CSp n taj-e-i-fnâ k` ImÀjnI skâ-dp-iä cq]o-i-cn-t - -Xm-Wv. CXn\p \mj-wâ tlmà«n-iä À t_màuv [\-k-lmbw \ÂIp- p v. CXn-\pÅ t{]mp-ivsp-iä X m-dm n C cw Øm]-\- -fnâ \ÂtI- -Xm-Wv. CSp- n- bnâ Huj-[-k-ky- fpss \gvkdn XpS m-hp- -Xm-Wv. amàt m½m k`bv v Xncp-h-Ãmbv p kao]w sxån-bq-cnâ 3 sszh-iâ]\ {]Imcw apgph³ Zimw-ihpw tzhm-e-b- nâ tij-cn- p- - Xn-\pÅ ]²-XnthWw ]Xn-äm- n-te-sd- m-e-ambn ImÀjnI Kth-jW ti{µhpw hnpvrm- \-ti-{µhpw \ne-hn-ep- v. Ncn{X Ub-d-IvSdn ae- -c-k-`-bpss Bcw`w apxâ CXp-h-sc-bpÅ {][m\kw`h- -sf-bpw, hyàn-i-sfbpw DÄs -Sp n Hcp Ncn{X Ub-IvSdn {]kn-²o-i-cn- -Ww. amà txmam Çolm-bpsS t{]jnx {]hà -\w, AXn-\p-tij-apÅ \qäm p-i-fnse k`m {]hà -\- nsâ elp- N-cn-{Xw, hntzi BK-a-\- Ä, hnhn[ Ime-L-«- -fnâ k`bv v e`n ]Z-hn-IÄ, t]àjy³ IpSn-tb-äw, Iv\mbn txm½m-bpssbpw Iq«-cp-sSbpw BK-a-\w, ]pcm-x\k`m ti{µ- Ä, kmwkvim-cni X\n-a-IÄ, BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\- Ä F nh CXn DÄs -Sp- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. Ignª 4þ5 \qäm- p-i-fnâ k`sb \bn ]nxm- - mà, Ah-cpsS elp-n-cn-{xw, Ncn-{X- kw-`-h- Ä, ]pcm-x\tzhm-e-b- Ä F n-hbpw DÄs -Sp- -Ww. AtXm-sSm w Ignª \qäm- nse {][m\kw`-h- Ä, hyàn-iä, timsxn-hn-[n-iä, {]Øm- \- Ä F n-h-bpss elp-hn-h-c- fpw Nn{X- Ä -k-lnxw DÄs - Sp-t - -Xm-Wv. Sn.-hn. Nm\ k`-bpss ]qà DS-a-Ø-X-bn-epÅ Hcp ssen-hn-j³ Nm\ hnizm-kn-i-fpss kz]v\-am-wv. C ybnâ ]Xn-\- n-tesd {InkvXy³ Nm\-ep-IÄ {]hà n- p- p- v. IqSmsX Ht«sd Nm\- ep-iä hnhn[ k`-iä D]-tbm-K-s -Sp- p-ibpw sn p- p. k`bnse `qcn-] w hyàn-ifpw C cw Nm\-ep-IÄ ZÀin- p- -h-cm- Wv. k`mhnizm-k- nâ\n pw AI- p-t]m-ip- -Xn\v CXp ]et mgpwimc-w-am-ip- p. Zriy-{i-hW am²y-a- Ä k`m {]hà -\- n\v D]-tbm-Kn- p- -Xn \mw Gähpw ]n n-em-wv. aäp Nm\-ep-Ifn IqSn \½psS {]hà -\- Ä DS³ hn]p-eo-i-cn- -Ww. A\-Xnhn-Zq-c-`m-hn-bn k`mw-k- -fpss ]qà -]- m-fn- - nâ Hcp Nm\ {]hà -\-k-ö-am-i-ww. amàt m½m k` "ae- c ZÀi³' F t]cnâ Nm\-ensâ {]mcw` {]hà -\- Ä Bcw-`n- n-«p- v. Ct m-gpå CâÀs\äv/Snhn/ tduntbm Hs k`bv v hf-sc-b-[niw {]tbm-p-\-i-cam-wv. Éo_m-Zmk kaqlw ap³im-e- -fnâ th {X {i² e`n- msx t]mb hn`m-k-amwv Éo_m-Zmk kaq-lw. ASp- -Im-e v k`bpss {i² IqSp-X-embn ]Xnª n-«p- v  ]t{xmkv amà HkvXm- n-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo- -bpss t\xr-xz- nâ Bcw-`n Cu {]Øm\w k`-bpss ss]xri kz m-wv. At±lw A[xØnX hn`m-k- - fnâs]«25000 t]sc amt½m-zokm ap n k`-tbmsp tnà p. Hcp- ]t amà txm½m Çolmbv p tijw \½psS k`-bnâ Gähpw IqSp-X t]sc kphn-ti-j- nâ IqSn k`-bnâ tnà Xv At±-lam-Wv. C v 1,25,000 AwK- Ä Ds p {]Øm-\- nsâ IW- p- IÄ hyà-am- p- p. F nâ c p `{Zm-k-\- nsâ F nepw AwKkwJy Cu kaq-l- n-\p- v. Éo_m-Zmk kaq-l- n\v Hcp `{Zm-k- \- nsâ ]Zhn \ÂIn Hcp sa{xm-t m-eo- msb \nb-an- p-hm³ ]. kn\uv Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp- -Ww. kaq-lmw-k- -fpss ka-{k-amb hfà bv p th n {Inbm-ß-I-amb \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoi-cn- -Ww. ssat{im-^n-\m³kv t]mepå ]²-Xn-IÄ Bhn-jvI-cn p \S- n-em- Ww. Øm]I sa{xm-t m-eo- m-bpss kz]v\- Ä km m-xvicn- p-hm³ kaq-l- nâ\n pw 100 t]sc sxcsª -Sp v kphntij {]hà -\- Ä mbn tkh\thx-\-hy-h-ø-i-tfmss \nban- -Ww. k`bv pw kaq-l- n\pw th n Ht«sd bmx-\-iä kln ]t{xmkv amà HkvXm- n-tbm-knsâ ]mh-\-kva-cwmà w At±-l- nsâ t]cnâ Hcp hnzym-`ymk Øm]\w kaq-l- nsâ Npa-X-e-bn ]Sp- p-bà -Ww. Fw.-Un. ImtXm-en-t äv kviqäkv k`-bpss hnzym-`ymk GP³kn F \ne-bnâ Ht«sd Imcy- Ä \nàæ-ln- m-\p- v. F mâ ASp- -Im-e på hnik\{]hà -\- Ä ]cn-an-x-am-wv. A`n-hµy txmakv amà A m- \m-kn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo amt\-pà Bbn-cp- -t mä timà tdäv at\p- vsaânsâ Iogn Ht«sd kviqfpi- Ä ]pxpx- mbn Bcw`- n - p. 3 kviqfpi- Ä k` hnebv p hm n. Øm]\- - f- pss {]hà \\nehmcw DbÀ n. Ht«sd t\«- Ä B Ime-L-«- nâ t\sn-sb-sp- p- hm³ km[n- p. 10 kn.-_n.-f-kv.-kn. kviqfp-iä F nepw kao-]-`mhn-bnâ Bcw-`n- p-hm³ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoi-cn- -Ww. 21

20 ae- -c-k`: `mhn-zài\w Fw.-H.-kn. timf-pkv Kth-WnMv t_màuv t_màunsâ Iogn ] -\w-xn-«, tim«-bw, kpâ m³ _t -cn, ]g-ª n, ]m¼m-sn, ASqÀ F o Øe- -fnâ timf-pp- IÄ \ne-hn-ep- v. Cu timf-pp-iä FÃmw c p ]Xn-äm- -n-tesd Imew ap¼v Øm]n- -s -«n-«p-å-xm-wv. aäp k`-i-fpw, kap-zm-b- fpw Hmtcm hàjhpw ]pxnb Øm]-\- Ä Bcw-`n- p-t¼mä \ap v AXn\p Ign-bm-sX-t]m-bXv tjzi-c-am-wv. kao-]-`m-hn-bnâ ]pxnb timf-pp-iä Bcw-`n- p-hm³ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoi-cn- -Ww. sshzni skan-\m-cn-iä ae- -c-k-`bv v tim«-b- pw, \mkv]q-cnepw sshzni skan- \m-cn-iä \ne-hn-ep- v. ]T-\-hn-j-b- -fnâ Cu c p skan-\m-cn- Ifpw DbÀ \ne-hmcw \ne-\nà p- p. ae- -c-k-`-bpss skan-\mcn-iä v kàæ-i-em-imem ]Zhn e`n- p- -Xn\p th n-bpå {ia- Ä A`n-\-µ-\mÀl-am-Wv. F mâ sshzn-i-cpss ]cn-io-e-\- nâ Nne taj-e-i-fnâ \mw ]n n-em-wv. aäp k`-i-fpss Xntbm-f- Pn-  skan-\m-cn-i-fnâ\n pw ]T\w ]qà- n-bm- p- h- c- pss \neh- mc- - ns- e - ph- m³ \ap p Ignb- p - nã. ]»niv AUvan-\nkvt{S-j³, NÀ v amt\-pvsaâ v, NÀ v A u- n-mv, Iu knen v, NÀ v tpàw-enkw F o hnj-b- -fnâ \½psS sshzn- IÀ v hyà-amb ]T-\-hpw, ]cn-io-e-\hpw \ÂI-Ww. F nâ am{xta CS-hI`cWw Imcy- -a-ambn \nàæ-ln- p-hm³ km[n- p- I-bp-Åq. sshznià p-th n D X\n-e-hm-c-apÅ Hcp ]cn-io-e-\- ti{µw \yquâln-bnâ Bcw-`n- -Ww. Fw.-H.-kn. ]»n-t -j³ k`m {]kn-²o-i-c-w-cwk v Fw.-H.-kn. ]»n-t -jsâ {]hà -\- Ä Xr]vXn-I-c-am-Wv. k`-bpss {][m\ ti{µ- -fnâ H mb ]cp-a-e-bnâ kui-cy-{]-z-amb Øe v hnim-e-amb Fw.-H.-kn. skâà Bcw-`n- Ww. CXv temi-sa-¼m-sp-apå hnizmkn-iä v {]tbm-p-\-s -Spw. Bcm-[-\-{I-a- -fpss {]kn-²o-i-c-w- nâ ap³ sxäp-iä Hgn-hm- p-hm³ ]c-am-h[n {i²n- - Ww. ap³im-e- -fnâ {]kn-²o-i-cn k`m ]pkvx-i- - fpss ]p\x{]kn-²o-i-cww kzmk-xmàl-am-wv. k`-bpss Ncn{X Ub-d-IvS-dn, XoÀ m-si sskuv F nh {]kn- ²o-I-cn- p- -Xn\v Fw.-H.-kn. ]»n-t -j³ ap³ssi FSp- -Ww. sk³{sâ sk{i-t«-dn-bäv k`-bpss sk³{sâ sk{i-t«-dn-bäv Cu hàjw Xs {]hà \w Bcw-`n- pw F v hniz-kn- p- p. k`-bpss FÃm Hm^o-kp-Ifpw Hcp IpS- o-gnâ hcp- - Xnsâ {]tbm-p\w k`mw-k- Ä p e`n- -Ww. `{Zmk\tI{µ- -fp-ambn _Ô-s -Sp n sa -s -«- tk-h\w e`y-am- - Ww. ]»niv dnte-j³ hn`m-k- nsâ {]hà \w IqSp-X hn]peo-i-cn- -Ww. k`sb kw_-ôn- pw, Øm]-\- sf kw_-ôn- papå ]qà -hn-hc- Ä k`mw-k- Ä p e`y-am- -Ww. k`m tikp-iä ae- -c-k-`-bnse tikp-iä v Hcp \qäm p-im-e- n-tesd ]g- -ap- v ÂB-e- pg PnÃm-tIm-S-Xn-bn Bcw-`n v 1889 se tdmbâ timà«v hn[n-tbmss Ah-km-\n \ho-i-cw hn`m-k- m-cpam-bn-«på tikm-bn-cp p H m-a-t -Xv. ]. h«-tè-cnâ Xncp-ta- \nsb A_vZpÅ c m-a³ ]m{xn-bà okv A\ym-b-ambn aps- n-b- Xns\XpSÀ v h«n-]w tikv DZv`-hn- p. ]. KohÀKokv ZznXo-b³ _mh-sbbpw A\p-bm-bn-I-sfbpw k`-bnâ\n p _lnjvi-cn- p- -Xn\p ]m{xn-bà okv hn`mkw simsp kap-zmb tikv 1958 se kp{]ow-tim-sxn hn[n-tbmss Ah-km-\n- p. Gähpw HSp-hn 1975  Bcw-`n v 1995 se kp{]ow-tim-s-xn-hn-[n-tbmss ]cy-h-km- \n k`m-ti-kv. Cu \mep-ti-knepw cmpys ]c-tam- X timsxn ae- -c-k-`-bpss Ah-Im-i- fpw ]uckvxy ImtXm-en- - bp-ssbpw ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo- m-bp-ssbpw A[n-Imc Ah-Im-i- fpw AwKo-I-cn- p \ÂIn-bn-«p-Å-Xm-Wv. BZy tikp-i-fnâ ae- -c-k` apgp³ \nd-ª p-\n- n-cp- p-sh- nâ C v hym]vxn GXm\pw CS-h-I-I-fn am{xw HXp- n-bn-cn- p- I-bm-Wv. _lp. kp{]ow-tim-s-xn-bn-epw, _lp. sslt m-s-xnbnepw \ne-\nâ p FIvkn-Iyq-j³ tikp-iä v A\p-Iq-eambn XoÀ p-iâ n- p- -txmss tikp-i-fnâ\n v \ap p hnapàn t\smw F p {]Xym-in- mw. \K-c-h -cww tic-f- nse \K-c-h -c-w- n\v c p ]Xn-äm- n-tesd Imes Ncn-{X-ap- v. Xncp-h-\- -]p-cw, sim n,-tim-gn-t msv k`mw-k- -fpss kwi-b Ä v adp]- Sn \ÂIp- - X n - \ p Å k w h n - [ m \ w Imcy- -a-am- Ww F o \K-c- Ä DÄs ss \nc-h[n \K-c- Ä AXn-thKw hfà p-sim- n-cn- p- p. ssivt\m-]mà v, C³t^m-]mÀ v, aäv sf.-sn. ]mà p-iä, kvamàsv knän, FtaÀPnMv ticf ]²-Xn-IÄ, sat{sm-þ-tamtwm sdbnâth CsXms \K-c- -fn-te v IqSp-X t]à tnt -dp-hm³ CS-bm- pw. ASp 10 hàj- n-\p-ånâ 10 e w sxmgnâ Ah-k-c Ä krjvsn- -s -Sp-I-bm-Wv. Ct mä Xs Xncp-h-\- -]p-cw, sim n, timgn-t msv \K-c- -fn-embn Hcp e - n-e-[niw HmÀ -tum-ivkvimà ØncXm-a-k- m-cmtbm Znh-khpw tpmen p hcp- -h-cmtbm D v. CXv \½psS D c-hm- ZnXzw hf-sc-b-[niw hà²n- n- p- p. IqSp-X tzhm-e-b- Ä C cw \K-c- -fnâ ]Wn-tb- n-h-cpw. AXn-\pÅ Btem-N-\-IÄ Ct mtg Bcw-`n- -Ww. e`y-am-bn-s-s ms ]pxnb Øe- Ä hm -Ww. Øe-]cn-anXn \K-c- -fnse Hcp apjy{]iv\-amwv. AXp-t]mse IqSp-X k`m ti{µ- fpw Øm]-\- fpw \K-c- - fnâ Bcw-`n- Ww. Xncp-h-\- -]p-c pw Fd-Wm-Ip-f pw \ne-\n- n-cp CS-hI XÀ - Ä v Gsd- psd ]cn-lm-c-ambn Ignª p. AXv Ct m-gpå CS-h-I-I-fp-sSbpw hni-k-\- n\p hgn-sx-fn- pw. Bßob {]Øm-\- Ä ae- -c-k-`-bnâ Ht«sd Bßob {]Øm-\- Ä \ne-hn-ep- v. {]hà -\- Ä s]mxpsh sa -s «p hcp- -Xn \ap v A`n-am- \n- mw. FwPn.-H.-kn.F-kv.-Fw., aà -a-dnbw kam-pw, _men-im-þ- _me kam-pw, kt -kviqä Atkm-kn-tbj³, {]mà \m tbmk- Ä Ch-bpsS Hs {]hà -\- Ä hfsc sa -s -«n-«p- v. F mâ HmÀ -tumivkv bph-p\{]øm-\- nsâ {]hà -\- Ä Ct mgpw At\-I-hÀj- Ä ]n n-em-wv. k`bnse 5 e - n-tesd bph-xo-þ-bp-hm- sf {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn- p- Xpw tesd AwK- Ä DÅ-Xp-amb Hcp henb {]Øm\w {]hà \cwk v ]n -Å-s -Sp- Xv XoÀ pw ZpxJI-c-am-Wv. Nne `{Zm-k\kan-Xn-Ifpw CS-hI bqwn-äp-ifpw ani \ne-bnâ {]hà n- p-t¼mä ti{µkan-xn-bpss {]hà -\- Ä v Znim-t_m-[tam e ytam CÃ. tihew 10 e - nâ Xmsg am{xw hmàjni _UvP-äpÅ {]Øm- \- nsâ {]hà -\- Ä hne-bn-cp- p-hm³ aäp bph- P\{]Øm-\- -fpss hmàjni _UvP-äp-ambn Xmc- Xayw snbvxmâ am{xw axn. Fw.-Pn.-H.-kn.F-kv.-Fw. tâxv 13 timsn-bpw, amàt m½m bph-p\kjy- ntâxv 5 timsn-bp-am-wv. aäp k`-i-fn-sems Ah-cpsS bph-p\kwl-s-\-iä kpo-h-am-wv. \½psS k`-bnepw bph-p\{]øm-\- nsâ Nne hntzi bqwn-äp-i-fnâ 25 e - n-tesd \o n-bn-cn v D v F bmymà yw a\-ên-em- p-t¼mä ti{µ {]hà -\- Ä ipjvi-amwv F -Xn kwi-b-an-ã. A`nhµy KohÀKokv amà HkvXm- n-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Ime v Ip w-ip-f v Hcp bq v skâdpw (C-t mä {]hà n- p- n-ã) A`n-hµy bqlm-t\m³ amà anen- n-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\nbpsS ITn-\-]-cn-{i-a- mâ tim«-b v Hcp BØm-\hpw Hgn- mâ asäm- n\pw cq]w-sim-sp- p-hm³ Ign-ª n-«n-ã. BkvXn-bpw BkvYm\-hpw hcp-am-\-hpw a\p-jy-hn-`-h-ti-jn-bp-sams Ds - nte C v {]Øm-\- Ä v hfà -bpåp F bmymà yw C\n-sb- nepw a\-ên-em- -Ww. Ignª 3 ]Xn-äm- p-iä p ap¼v \S- n-bn-cp simc-«n-þ-\q-d-\msv IpjvT-tcm-Km-ip-]-{Xn-I-fnse kµài\w DÄs s- Sb- på AP C pw \S - nâ hcp - pi- b- mw- v. bph-p\{]øm\w ti{µt\xrxzw kzbw hnaài-\- n\p X m-dm-i-ww. c pznhkw Fhn-sS-sb- nepw kt½-fn v `mhn ]cn- ]m-sn-iä v hni-z-amb ¹m³ X m-dm- -Ww. aq v hàj- n-sem-cn-  F nepw Hcp t{]mpivsv ]qà n-bm- -Ww. AXn-\pÅ Icp v HmÀ -tumivkv bph-p\{]øm\w AwK- Ä p- v. tic-f- nsâ hnhn[ `mk- -fnâ bq v skâ-dp-iä ]Sp- pbà -Ww. bph-p\{]øm-\- nsâ 1000 e[niw ap³ `mc-hm-ln- IÄ temi- nsâ hnhn[ `mk- -fnâ \à \ne-bnâ {]hà n- p- p. {]Øm-\- n\p th n GXp klm-bhpw \ÂIm³ AhÀ X m-dm-wv. AhcnÂ\n pw {]XnhÀjw an\naw 500 cq]-sb- nepw kzoi-cn- -Ww. AXp-t]mse \nehn-epå AwK- Ä \qdp cq] hoxw \ÂIn-bmÂt]mepw 50 e w cq]-tbmfw e`n- pw. Cu coxnbnâ aq v hàjw-sim v aq v timsn cq]-bpss Hcp t{]mpivsv kab-_-ôn-x-ambn ]qà n-bm- p-hm³ km[n- pw. k`m {]kn-²o-i-c-w- Ä ae- c k`m ]{XnI, ae- -c-k`m amkn-i F nh k`-bpss HutZym-KnI {]kn-²o-i-c-w- -fm-wv. CXn ae- -c-k`m ]{XnI 22

21 ae- -c-k`: `mhn-zài\w Nne kmt -XnI Imc-W- -fmâ Ignª Bdv amk-ambn {]kn-²o- I-cn- p- n-ã. c p amk- n-\iw {]kn-²o-i-cww ]p\-cm-cw-`n- p- sa p {]Xo n- p- p. ae- -c-k`m amkn-i-bpss kà p-te-j³ F nepw B p-hm³ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoi-cn- -Ww. IqSp-X k`m hmà IÄ amkn-i-bnâ DÄs -Sp- -Ww. k`m ]{XnI Ct m-gs \ne-bnâ\n pw tim nbmbn DbÀ -Ww. ImtXm-en- m-zn\]ncn-hnsâ SmÀKäv t]mse CXn\pw DbÀ e yw \ný-bn- -Ww. k`m Øm]-\- -fnâ {]hà n- p- -hà FÃmhcpw C cw {]kn-²o-i-c-w- -fpss BbpjvIme hcn- m-cm-i-ww. Bßob kwl-s\m {]hà -I-cpw CtX \ne-]msv kzoi-cn- -Ww. ae- -c-k-`-bpss skan-\m-cn-iä v kàæ-i-em-imem ]Zhn e`n- p- -Xn\p th n-bpå {ia- Ä A`n-\-µ-\mÀl-am-Wv. k`-bnse {]kn-²o-i-c-w- Ä v hcn-kwjy kzoi-cn- p- - Xn\v GI-Pm-eI kwhn-[m\w \S- m- Ww AWp-Ip-Spw-_- Ä AWp-Ip-Spw-_- -fpss F w A]-I-S-I-c-amb coxn-bnâ hà²n- p-h-cp- p. CS-hI Ub-d-IvS-dn-IÄ ]cn-tim-[n- mâ H pw c pw t]à am{x-apå At\I IpSpw-_- Ä Is m³ km[n- pw. GXm\pw hàj- Ä p tijw B IpSpw_w Xs CÃmsX hcp- p. ss]im-nni ]²-Xn-I-fn AIs -SmsX \½psS IpSpw-_- sf t_m[-hâ -cn-t - Xv k`-bpss ZuXy-am-Wv. It m-en- m-k` kpoh NÀ -IÄ p tijw IÂ]-\-IÄ ]pds -Sp-hn p Ignª p. ae- -ck` Cu hnj-b- nâ th {X DWÀ p {]hà n- n-«n-ã. a Ä btlmh \ÂIp Zm\hpw DZ-c- ^ew Ah³ Xcp {]Xn-^-e-hp-ambn s IW- m- -Ww. sszhs Bcm-[n- p hnizmkn-i-fpss F w GXp coxnbnepw Ipd-bv p-i-sb- -XmWv km msâ {][m\ Dt±-iyw. hnhml Iq-Zm-i-I-fn ImÀ½n-I³ \h-z-¼xn-isf Cu hnj-b- nâ t_m[-hâ -cn- -Ww. Ignª Znhkw ]pxp- -Ån-bn \S Hcp hnhml IqZm-i-bn A`nhµy kj-dn-bmkv amà sxtbm^n-temkv Xncp-ta\n Cu hnj-b- nâ ià-ambn {]kw-kn- p- Xp ti«p. hfsc amxr-im-]-c-amb \ne-]m-smwv At±lw kzoicn- -Xv. Cu ktµiw \½psS k`-bnse FÃm IpSpw-_- -fnepw F -Ww. BÀ`m-S-an-ÃmsX efn-x-ambn hnhm-lw \S- p- -Xn\v bph-p-\- Ä apt m-«p-h-c-ww. hnhm-l-tam- N-\w, At_mÀj³, Imc-Ww- Iq-Sm-sX-bpÅ hnhm-lc-lnx PohnXw CsXm-s bpw Hgn-hm- -s -ts- -Xm-Wv. {]mtz-ini ti{µ- Ä ae- -c-k-`-bpss tim«bs BØm-\- n\p ]pd v Xncph-\- -]p-cw, Fd-Wm-Ip-fw, UÂln F o ti{µ- -fnâ Hmtcm ImtXm-en-t -äv BkvY-m\- Ä DbÀ p-h-c-ww. Xncp-h-\- -]p-cw, UÂln F nh kwøm-\-þ-ti{µ Kh saâp-i-fpss `cw kncmti{µw F \ne-bnâ _Ô-s «p {]hà n- p- -Xn\v Cu ti{µ- Ä D]-tbm-K-s -Sp- mw. Fd-Wm-Ip-fs skâà hs- ³ `{Zmk-\- -fpss apjy `c-w-ti-{µ-ambn `mhn-bnâ cq]m- -c-s -Sp- mw. amàpn³ {^o saun-  tìmdp-iä 2011-þ12 se k`-bpss _UvPäv \nàt±-i-amwv CXv. F mâ k`-bnâ Hcp Øe pw C cw ti{µ- Ä Bcw-`n- -Xmbn AdnbnÃ. {]my-ani NÀ -IÄ t]mepw \S- n-«n-ã. Xncp-h-\- -]pcw `{Zmk-\- nâ am{xw C cw tìmdp-iä Bcw-`n- p-hm³ Btem-N-\- bp- v. Ip w-ip-f v hfsc \yq\-]- -amb bmt m-_mb hn`mkw hfsc hàj- -fmbn Cu cwk v hnp-b-i-c-ambn {]hà n- p- p. AXnÂ\n- på hcp-am\w aäp hni-k\imcy- Ä mbn D]-tbm-Kn- p-i-bpw-sn- p- p. Huj-[- Ä v sam - nâ 30% apxâ 60% hsc amàpn³ BWv hym]m-cn-iä p e`n- p- -Xv. km¼- ni em`-hpw, kmaqly tkh-\-hpw, tpmen-km-[y- Xbpw DÄs m-åp C cw Øm]-\- Ä `{Zm-k-\- Ä pw, CS-h-I-IÄ pw Gsä-Sp p \S- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. hà nmv hna³kv tlmì-ep-iä tic-f- nsâ hnhn[ `mk- -fnâ hà nmv hna³kv tlmìep-iä Bcw-`n- p-hm³ k` ap³ssi FSp- -Ww. Ht«sd k`mw-k- -fmb h\n-x-iä \K-c- -fnâ tpmen- mbn F p- p- v. C cw tlmì-ep-iä m-h-iy-amb [\-k-lmbw an\nkv{sn Hm^v tkmjyâ PÌnkv B³Uv Fw]h- ÀsaânÂ\n pw e`n - p - X- mw- v. N n X - d n - m À p FÃm-h-scbpw k`b- pss _Ô- nâ sim phc- Ww Cu klmbw D]-tbm-K-s -Sp n F³.-F-kv.-Fkv Ccp-]-Xn-tesd ti{µ- Ä Øm]n- p-i-gn-ª p. I -\msv CuÌv `{Zm-k-\m-[n-]³ A`n-hµy tum. txmakv amà A m-\m-kn-tbmkv Xr q-wn- p-d, time-t -cn, aqhm-äp-]pg F o ti{µ- -fnâ C cw Øm]-\- Ä Bcw-`n- p-hm³ \S-]-Sn-IÄ Bcw-`n- pi-gn-ª p. `{Zm-k-\- Ä pw \K-c- -fnse hnhn[ CS-h-I-IÄ pw C cw Øm]-\- Ä Bcw-`n- p-hm³ km[n- p- -Xm-Wv. aà -a-dnbw kam-p- n\pw Cu cwk v {]hà n- p-hm³ km[n- pw. sk³{sâ I h³j³ Ht«sd ti{µ- -fnâ \n pw C cw \nàt±-i- Ä DbÀ p-h- n-«p v. k`-bpss kphn-tij ZuXy- nâ C cw Hcp I h³j\v \nà m-bi Øm\-ap- v. k`-bnse apgp-h³ CS-h-I- I-sf-bpw, Bßob kwl-s-\-i-sfbpw ]s -Sp- n- p-sim v hàj- n-sem-cn-  HcmgvN \o p-\nâ p kphn-tij tbmk- fpw ]T\ mkp-ifpw kwl-sn- n- -Ww. Bßob {]m[m-\y-ap-åxpw kui-cy-{]-z-h- pamb Hcp Øew Is n hn]p-e-amb kui-cy- Ä Hcp- -Ww. Gähpw Ipd-ª Xv 20 G À Øe-sa- nepw CXn\p Is - -Ww. kvync-amb Iu k-enmv ti{µw, [ym\-ti- {µw, Iymw]v skâà F o \ne-i-fnepw aäp ka-b- -fnâ CXp {]tbm-p-\-s -Sp- mw. kv{xo]- m-fn w `c-w-l-s\m t`z-k-xn-tbmss kv{xoi-fpss ] m-fn w k`bnâ hf-sc-tbsd hà²n- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. CS-hI Xe- nâ kv{xoiä v Xpey-amb Øm\w e`n- p-i-gn-ª n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. C cw A\p-Iqe kml-n-cy- nâ k`-bpss hni-k\{]{in-bbnâ kv{xoisf IqSp-X-embn ]s -Sp n- -Ww. Fw.-H.-Fw.-Fknsâ Cu cwks {]hà -\- Ä amxr-im-]c-amwv F nepw {]hà -\- Ä ssii-h-z-i-bn-em-wv. tic-f- nâ 2000 ti{µ- - fn-se- nepw kv{xoi-fpss kzm{i-b-kw-l- Ä cq]o-i-cn v hnhn[ ]²-Xn-I-fpw, ssat{im-^n-\m³kv t]mepå km¼- ni ]²-Xn-Ifpw A\-Xn-hn-Zqc `mhn-bnâ ]qà o-i-cn-t - - Xm-Wv. tkh\]²-xn-iä k`-bnâ Ht«sd tkh\]²-xn-i-fpw, kwl-s-\- Ifpw \nehn-ep- v. `{Zm-k-\- -fn-epw, CS-h-I-X-e- nepw C -c- n-epå Ht«sd {]hà -\- Ä \S- p- p. F mâ C cw tkh\{]hà -\- Ä GtIm-]n- n- p- -Xn-\pÅ kwhn-[m\w k`-bn-en-ã. ]. kn\uv Cu Imcy- nâ NÀ snbvxv Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp- n-«p- v. ti{µ-x-e- nâ hnhm-l-k-lmb ]²-Xn, `h\klmb ]²Xn, BÀ{Z XpS n Ht«sd kwls- \- I- Ä \neh- ne- p - v. ae- -c-k- `-bnâ Hcp hàj- nâ GI-tZiw 50 timsn-bn-tesd cq]-bpss tkh\{]hà \ Ä FÃm Xe- -fn-ep-ambn \S- p- p. F mâ Hcp tamwn-ä-dnmv kwhn-[m\w \ne-hnâ CÃm- -Xn-\m Hmtcm taj-e-bnepw klm-b[-\-ambn \ÂIp XpIsb ]än-tbm, hyànsb ]äntbm klm-b-[\w kzoi-cn- p- -h-cpss F -s - -äntbm hyà-x-bn-ã. Ht«sd klm-b- Ä Nne taj-e-i-fnâ e`n- p-t¼mä AÀl-cmb aäp NneÀ v e`n- m-sxbpw t]mip- p. Hcp hmàjni dnt mà«v {]kn-²o-i-cn- p-hm³ km[n- p hn[w CShI Xew apxâ ti{µ-xew hsc ImcpWy {]hà -\- Ä GtIm- ]n- n- -Ww. ]pxnb `{Zm-k-\- Ä/tZhm-eb- Ä hcp 5 hàj- n-\p-ånâ ae- -c-k-`-bnse Hmtcm `{Zm-k-\- nepw 5 ]pxnb CS-h-I-IÄs - nepw cq]w \ÂI-Ww. B Hcp e yw IW- m n k` {]hà n- mâ 150-þ200 ]pxnb tzhm-e-b- Ä F nepw Øm]n- -s -Spw. ticf n\-i pw ]pd pw Ht«sd Øe- -fnâ \ap v tzhm-e-b- Ä \ne-hn-en-ã. Ahn-sSsbms 10-þ15 IpSpw-_- Ä hoxw NnXdn ]mà p- p. ]ecpw Ime- {I-taW aäp k`-i-fnâ IpSn-tb-dp- p. henb CS-h-I-IÄ Hs hn`- P-\- n\p kzbw X m-dm-i-ww. IpSpw-_- -fpss F w IqSp-X-emb-Xn-\m ]e henb CS-h-I-I-fnepw sshzn-ià v th {X {i² simsp- p-hm³ km[n- p- n-ã. henb CS-h-II-sfms hni-k-\- cw-k pw XoÀ pw ]nt m- -am-wv. Xncp-h-\- -]p-cw, Fd-Wm-Ipfw, timgn-t msv XpS- nb \K-c- -fn-sems ]pxnb CSh-I-IÄ C\nbpw DbÀ p-h-cww. ]pxnb `{Zm-k-\- Ä Hs hfà -bpss ]mx-bnâ apt -dpt¼mä ]gb `{Zm-k-\- Ä an Xpw XnIª Be-ky- n-em-wv. 40 CS-h-I-IÄ tncp `{Zmk\{Iao-I-cWamWv \Ã-Xv. C -c- 23

22 ae- -c-k`: `mhn-zài\w nepw `{Zm-k\]p\À{I-ao-I-cW {]{Inb k`-bnâ XpSÀ p-simt -bn-cn- -Ww se apf- p-cp n kp -l-tzm-knâ AXp-hsc H m-bn-cp ae- -c-k-`sb 7 `{Zmk-\- -fmbn hn`-pn- p. ae- -c-k- `-bpss hfà bv v AXv hgn-sx-fn p F -Xn kwi-b-an-ã. B[p- \ni ImeL«- nâ ]. _tk-en-tbmkv amàt m½m amxyqkv {]Y-a³ _mhm-bmwv `{Zmk\hn`-P-\- n-eqss k`-bpss hni-k-\- n\v ASn- d ]min-b-xv. B {]{Inb C\nbpw XpSÀ p-sim-t bn-cn- -Ww. 80 e[niw CS-h-I-IÄ DÅ Ht«sd `{Zm-k-\- Ä C p \ne-hn-ep- v. A cw `{Zm-k-\- Ä k`-bpss `mhnsb Icp-Xn- hn-`- P-\- n\p kzbw X md- mi- W- w. tim n, ]p\e- qà, aã - Å- n, ]m¼ms- n, ]me- m-sv, \ne-¼qà, I qà XpS nb `{Zm-k-\- Ä `mhn-bnâ \ne-hnâ hc-w-sa p k`mw-k- Ä AXn-bmbn BK-ln- p- p. _mly-ti-c-f- nâ Hcp kwøm-\ v Hcp `{Zm-k-\-sa- nepw F \ne-bnâ k` hf-c-ww. {]txy-in v `mjm \yq\-]- - k`mw- K- Ä p th n {]txyi `{Zm-k-\- Ä v cq]w \ÂI-Ww. IÀWm-S-I- nse {_Ò-hmdn sim nwn kwkm-cn- p A m-bn-c- n-tesd k`mw-k- -fp- v. 89 hàj- Ä p ap¼v Imew-sNbvX AÂhm-dnkv amà bqentbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo- m-tsm-sbm w (tkm-h) \½psS k`-bnâ tnà -h-cpss ]n³x-e-ap-d- m-cm-wnhà. AhnsS Hcp `{Zm-k\w DbÀ p-h-c-ww. sim nwn kwkm-cn- p- -h-cnâ \n pw IqSp-X sshzn-i-sc-bpw, k`m {]hà I- s- cbpw Is n D]tbmK- s- S- p - W- w. I S kwkm-cn- p Ipsd hnizm-kn-iä \ap- p- v. AhnsS {]hà -\- Ä hn]p-eo-i-cn- -Ww. ae- c It m-en mk`bv v ChnsS cq]x \ne-hn-ep- v. \qdp ]pxnb ti{µ- Ä e y-am n AhÀ AhnsS {]hà n- p- p. ae- -c-k-`sb kw_-ôn- n-s-t mfw DWÀ p {]hà n-t ka-b-am-wv. awk-em-]pcw ti{µ-am n {]hà n- p {_ÒhmÀ `{Zm-k-\- n\v IqSp-X km¼- ni klm-b-hpw {]hà -Iscbpw \ÂI-Ww. B{Ôm-{]-tZ-in Geq-cn-epw bm m-c- p-sams \½psS {]hà -\- Ä \S- p- p t]sc- nepw sxepwkp kwkm-cn- p- -h-cmbn \½psS k`-tbmsp tnà p {]hà n- p- p. `mhnbnâ Hcp `{Zm-k\w F \ne-bnâ {]hà -\- Ä v cq]w \ÂI- Ww. Ct m-gs _mw qà `{Zm-k-\- n\v CXn-\p-th n IqSp-X klm-b- Ä Bh-iy-am-Wv. Xncp-hn-Xmw-tImSv \½psS ]qàænitiµ-am-wv. ae- -c-k` Gähpw A[nIw {i² ]Xn- n-t Øe-am-Wv. ]me-hnf anj³ Cu {]tz-i- n\p kao-]-am-wv. AhnsS Xangv kwkm-cn- p Bbn-c- n-e-[niw t]à \½psS k`-bnep- v. AhnsS\n pw Ipsd {]hà -Isc Is n ]cn-io-en- n v Xncp-hn-Xmw-tImSv {]tz-i- -fnâ \ntbm-kn- Ww. ae- c It m-en m k`bv v amà mwvuw cq]-xbpw kotdm ae-_mà k`bv v X e cq]- Xbpw \ne-hn-ep- v. H c e -t mfw hnizm-kn-iä Ccp `{Zm-k- \- -fn-ep-am-bp- v. sshin-bm-sw- nepw \½psS {]hà -\- Ä GtIm-]n- n- mâ `mhn-bnâ Hcp `{Zm-k-\-sa kz]v\w ]qh-wnbpw. Xncp-h-\- -]pcw `{Zm-k-\- nsâ Npa-X-e-bn {]hà -\- Ä GtIm-]n- n-t - -Xm-Wv. lnµn taj-e-bnâ `nembv anj-\pw, C-ämÀkn, Ie-l n XpS- nb taj-e-i-fnepw \½psS {]hà -\- Ä \S- p- p. `mhnbnâ lnµn ta-j-ebnepw ]pxnb `{Zm-k-\- Ä cq]o-ir-x-am-ipsa p \ap p {]Xo- n- mw. k`m kan-xn-iä amt\-pnmv I½n-än, hà nmv I½n-än, ae- c Atkm-kn-tbj³ F nh k`-bpss `c-w-l-s-\m-\p-krx kan-xn-i-fm-wv. ChbpsS {]hà \w k`bv v IqSp-X {]tbm-p-\-i-c-amb coxnbnâ D]-tbm-K-s -Sp- -Ww. amt\-pnmv I½nän Ct mä hàj- nâ aqt m \mtem {]m-h-iyw am{x-amwv kt½-fn- p- -Xv. AXv c p amk- n-sem-cn- -se- nepw kt½-fn- p-hm³ Xocp-am-\n- - Ww. hà nmv I½nän ]. _mhm Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS D]-tZ-iI kanxn F \ne-bnâ hfsc {]m-[m\yw AÀln- p- p. Ct mä c p amk- n-sem-cn-  F Xp amdn amkw-txmdpw hà nmv I½nän hnfn- p-tnà v Xocp-am-\- Ä FSp- -Ww. ]. _mhm Xncp-ta-\nbpsS D -c-hm-zn-xz- -fn-epå Xnc v hf-sc-b-[niw Ipd-bv p- hm³ AXp-hgn km[n- pw. ae- c kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym\n Atkmkn-tb-j³ hàj- nâ Hcn- -se- nepw kt½-fn- -Ww. amàt m½m k`-bnâ awvuew Akw»n FÃmhÀjhpw HmW- sxc-sª -Sp- -s -Sp- -hcpss KpW-\n-ehmcw k`mw-k- Ä Dd- p-hcp- -Ww m-e v hnfn- p-tnà p- p. C -c- nâ k`m kan-xn-i-fpss {]hà \w Ipsd- qsn kpo-h-am-ti- -Xm-Wv. ae- -c-k`m amt\-pnmv I½n-än v hf-sc-b-[niw D]-k-an-Xn-Ifp- v. F mâ c p hàj- n-sem-cn-  t]mepw ]expw kt½fn- m-dn-ã. {]txy-in v kp{]-[m-\-amb ¹m\nMv I½nän t]mepå kan-xn-i-fpss {]hà \w ]cn-an-x-am-wv. ¹m\nMv CÃm k`bv v t{]mp-ivsp-iä Is - m³ km[n- msx hcp- -Xn AZv`p-X-s -ts Imcy-an-Ã. amt\-pnmv I½n-än-bw-K- -fpss tkh\w k`mkan-xn-i-fnâ HXp- n-\nà msx k`m Øm]-\- -fpss hfà bv p th n D]- tbm-k-s -Sp- -Ww. a«m-t cn XoÀ m-s\ti{µ- nsâ hni-k-\- n-\p- t\-xrxzw \ÂIp-hm³ 3 amt\-pnmv I½nän AwK- sf Npa- X-e-s -Sp- nb ]._- mh Xncpt- a\- nb- pss IÂ]\ {]iwk- \- ob- a- mw- v. ap³ hà nmv I½nän/amt\-PnMv I½nän AwK- -fp-ssbpw tkh\w k` {]tbm-p-\-s -Sp- -Ww. ]ecpw k`m {]hà -\-cw-k- fnâ\n pw hn«p-\nâ p- -h-cm-wv.- Ipsd t]à k`bpss hnaài-i-cmbpw amdp- p. 6 amk- n-semcn se nepw ap³ AwK- -fpss tbmkw hnfn p tnà v k`m-im-cy- Ä hni-zo-i-cn- p-ibpw k`m {]hà -\- -fnâ ] m-fn-i-fm-ip-ibpw thww.. ZoÀL- Imew k`mkan-xn-i-fnâ Ccp v th {X A\p-`-h- Úm\w t\sn-b-hc- pss tkh\w k` {]tbmp- \- s- S- p- t - X- mw- v. FIyp-sa-\nkw FIyp-sa-\n-  cwk v ae- -c-k-`-bpss kw`mh\ hep-xm-wv. F mâ Ignª Ipsd hàj- -fmbn \½psS {]mapjyw Ipd-ª p-h-cp- -Xmbn ImWmw. {]txy-in v thäuv {InkvXy³ Iu knâ, F³.-kn.-kn. XpS- nb thzn-ifnâ \½psS {]m-xn-\n[yw Ipd-ª p-h-cp- p. aäp sndnb k`- IÄ p t]mepw IqSp-X Ah-kcw e`n- p- p. tic-f- nâ \½psS \ne sa -s -«p-h-cp- p. ASp- -Im-e v \ne-bv  {Skvänsâ A²y- -\mbn ]. _mhm Xncp-ta-\nsb \ntbm-kn- Xv ae- -c-k-`bv p e`n AwKo-Im-c-am-Wv. amàt m½m ss]xriw DÄs m-åp k`m hn`m-k- Ä v t\xrxzw \ÂtI- Xv \½psS IS-a-bm-Wv. hntzi k`m-²y- - m-cp-ss-bpw, IÀ±n-\mÄ amà tpmàpv Be-t -cn-bp-ssbpw kµài-\- Ä \½psS FIyp-sa- \n-  {]hà -\- Ä v IqSp-X {i² e`n- p-hm³ CS-bm-bn. ae- -c-k-`-bpss ImtXm-en-t äv ixm_vzn BtLm-j- sf {]IoÀ n- p-sim v amàt m½m k`m awvu-e- nâ A`n-hµy amà tpmk^v amàt m½m sa{xm-t m-eo \S- nb {]kwkw k`bv v A`n-am-\-am-bn. ImtXm-en-t äv ixm_vzn thfbcwk v IqSpX-  apt d- ph- m³ \ap p km[n - W- w. sxc-sª -Sp v/t\man-t\-j³ nâ Cu k`-bnse sxc-sª -Sp- p-iä `c-w-l-s-\m-\p-kr-x-am-bmwv \S- n-s m- n-cn- p- -Xv. \njv]- -amb sxc-sª -Sp v Dd- p-hcp- p-hm³ \½psS k`m-ti-{µhpw `{Zm-k-\-tI-{µ- fpw \S-]-Sn- IÄ kzoi-cn- -Ww. Nne `{Zm-k-\-tI-{µ- Ä sxc-sª -Sp- p-ifnâ ]tcm- -ambn CS-s]-Sp p F Btcm-]-W-ap- v. `{Zmk\sa{Xm-t m-eo- -amà Cu Imcy- nâ ià-amb \ne-]msv kzoi-cn- -Ww. sxc-sª -Sp- -s -Sp- -h-cpss KpW-\n-e-hmcw k`mw-k- Ä Dd- p-h-cp- -Ww. Ignª 30 hàj- -fnse amt\-pnwkv I½-än-bw-K- -fpss Imcyw ]cn-tim-[n- mâ 30- t]-cpsssb nepw tkh\w k`bv p Imcy-ambn e`n- n-«nã F -XmWv bmymà yw. CXp-Xs -bmwv t\man-t\äp sn -s -Sp- -h-cp-ssbpw Ah-Ø. k`sb ]än th {X Adn-hn-Ãm- -hà I½-än-I-fn hcp-t¼mä ]et mgpw NÀ -I-fpsS \ne-hmcw XmWp-t]m-Ip- p. k`bv v Xocp-am- \- Ä FSp- p-hm³ Ime-Xm-akw hcp- p. Hcp amt\-pnwkv I½-änbpsS Imem-h-[n-bmb 5 hàjw sim mwv ]ecpw k`m-im-cy- Ä a\-ên-em n XpS- p- -Xv. B ka-b v ASp amt\-pnwkv I½än \ne-hnâ hcp-ibpw sn pw. CXp \½psS I½-än-I-fpsS {]hà -\s kmc-ambn _m[n- p- p- v. XoÀ- m-s-\-ti-{µ- Ä 24 ae- -c-k` XoÀ m-s-\-ti-{µ- -fmâ k¼- -am-wv. sndpxpw he-xp-amb \qdn-tesd ti{µ- Ä k`-bn-ep- v. XoÀ m-s-\-ti-{µ- -fnse ASn-Øm-\-ku-I-cy- Ä hf-sc-tbsd hà²n- n-«p- v.

23 ae- -c-k`: `mhn-zài\w XoÀ m-s-i-cpss F - n-epw, hcp-am-\- nepw Ignª Zi-I- nâ henb hfà t\sn. hcp-am-\-t - mä D]cn CsXms ae- -c-k-`-bpss ss]xr-i-ti-{µ- Ä F \ne-bnâ \ne-\nà n hfà n-sb-sp- -Ww. hnizm-k- n-sâ-bpw, ]mc-¼-cy- n-sâbpw, ]cn-ip-²n-bp-ssbpw BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\- -fp-ss-bpw, ]ucm-wn-i-xbp-ss-bp-sams {]Xo-I-ambn ]e ti{µ- fpw \m-«nâ \nd-ª p- \nâ p-t¼mä ae- -c-k-`bv v A`n-am-\n- mw. IÀ m-hmb tbip-{in-kvxp-hnsâ c -bpss A\p-`-h- n-te v kaq-l- n\p IS- p-h-cmw. C cw XoÀ m-s-\-ti-{µ- -fpss elp-hn-h-c- -fpw, {]m[m-\yhpw DÄs -Sp n Hcp XoÀ m-s-i-sskuv k` {]kn-²o-icn- -Ww. sshzn-i-t aw sshzn-ià k`-bpss \s«-ãm-wv. Ht«sd t a-{]-hà -\- Ä Ignª Ipsd hàj- -fmbn k` sshzn-ià p-th n \S- nem- n-bn-«p v. km¼- ni ]cn-anxn ]e t a-{]-hà -\- Ä pw XS-Ê-am-bn-«p- v. C\nbpw Cu cwk v k`bv v Ht«sd IS-a-IÄ \nàæ-ln- m-\p- v. sshzn-ià ]utcm-ln-xy-]m-c-¼-cy- nse I n-iä F -Xn-ep-]cn {]mtz-ini `c-w-ià m- Ä IqSn-bm-Wv. CS-h-I-bpsS ka-{k-hn-i-k-\- n\p th n t\xrxzw \ÂtI- Xv sshzn-i-cpss IS-a-bm-Wv. CS-h-Isb Bßo-b-ambpw `uxn-i-ambpw \bn- p- Xv sshzn-i-cm-wv. FÃm CS-h-I-I-fnepw sshzn-ià v ]mgvk-t\pv kui-cy- Ä Hcp- -Ww. s{]m^-j-wâ timtf-pp-iä ae- -c-k-`-bpss hnhn[ `mk- -fnâ 5 s{]m^-j-wâ timf- Pp-IÄ \ne-hn-ep- v. time-t cn saun-  timtf-pv, `nem-bn, ]ocp-ta-sv, imkvxmw-tim«f n Øe- -fnâ F³Pn- \o-b-dnwkv timf-pp-iä, Xncp-h-\- -]p-c v amà Znbkvt m-tdmkv ^màakn timtfpv F n-h-bm-wv. a{zm-knse HmÀ -tumivkv skmssk-än-bpss B`nap-Jy- nâ t]m n-t cn saun-  timfppw {]hà n- p- p. Cu Øm]-\- Ä FÃmw ]cn.- _- tk-en-tbmkv amàt m½m amxyqkv ZznXob³ _mhm-bpss Ime v Øm]n- -s -«-Xm-Wv. AXn-\pap-¼pw ]n¼pw -s{]m^jwâ timf-pp-iä D- m-bncp p Ign-ª Zi-I- n-\p-ap-¼på Ime-L-«- nâ Fkv.-F³.-Un.-]nbv v Hcp s{]m^-j-wâ timf-ppt]mepw \ne-hn-en-ãmbncp p. F mâ C v At] kaà n- n-cn- p- -XpÄs ss 25 tesd timf-pp-iä AhÀ p- v. \ap p Npä-apÅ kap-zmb- -fpw, k`-ifpw Cu cwk v Ht«sd apt -dn-bt mä \mw ]n -Å-s -«p-t]m-bn. Imtem-Nn-X-ambn B Ipd-hp-IÄ \mw ]cn-lcn- Ww. ]cp-a-e-bnâ saun-  timtf-pn-\på FÃm ASn- Øm\kuI-cy- fpw \ne-hn-ep- v. 250 timsn cq]-bpss CâÀ\mj-W Im³kÀ C³Ìn-äyq«v IqSn ]qà n-bm-ip-t¼mä \ne-hmcw hfsc Db-cpw. ]cp-a-e-bnâ saun-  timtfpv Bcw-`n- p- -Xn- \på {]mcw-`-\-s-]-sn-iä k` kzoi-cn- -Ww. I «`{Zm-k-\m-[n- ]³ Imew snbvx kvtx^m-t\mkv amà txthm-tzm-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS henb Hcp kz]v\-am-bn-cp p `nem-bnâ Hcp saun-  timfpv Bcw-`n- p-i-sb- Xv AXv k` ]qà n-bm- -Ww. 30 timsn cq]-tbmfw `nem-bn-an-jsâ A u- nâ _me³kp- v. I -«m-`-{zm-k-\- n\pw `nembn anj\pw th n At±lw snbvx tkh-\- Ä kvacn- -s -ts- -Xm-Wv. ae- -c-k-`bv v Uâ timf-pp-iä \ne-hn-en-ã. GI-tZiw ap q-dn-tesd k`mw-k- Ä hnhn[ Uâ timf-pp-i-fnâ ]Tn p p. bmt m-_mb k`bv v timx-aw-k-e- pw, tnem«pw Uâ timf-pp-iä \ne-hn-ep- v. ae- -c-k` ]cp-a-e-bn-epw, Ip w- Ip-f pw Hmtcm Uâ timf-pp-iä Bcw-`n- mâ \ m-bn-cn- pw. 7 F³Pn-\o-b-dnwKv timf-pp-iä Bcw-`n- p-hm³ k`-bnâ CS- m-e v Btem-N\ D m-bn-cp- p. F mâ XpSÀ\S-]-Sn-IÄ H pw D m-bn-ã. B cwk pw k` DWÀ p {]hà n -W- w. Xncp-h-\- -]p-cw, ] -\w-xn-«, tim«-bw, kpâ m³ _t cn XpS- nb Øe- Ä Cu Imcy- n\p ]cn-k-wn- -Ww. FÃm kap-zm-b- fpw tem timtfpv Bcw-`n p Ign-ª p. Fkv.-F³.-Un.-]n. simã- pw, F³.-F-kv.Fkv. sim«n-b- pw, ae- c do v Xncp-h-\- -]p-c pw Øm]-\- Ä XpS- n-i-gn-ª p. CSI k` ImW- m-cn-bn-epw, kotdm ae-_màk` cq]-x-iä ]e ti{µ- -fnepw At] kaà n - pi- g- nª- p. amàt mam k`b- nepw Cu BtemN- \ kpoh- a- mb- n«- p - v. \ap v Xncph- \- - ]- pc- - pw, tim«- b pw Hmtcm tem timtf-pp-iä Bcw-`n- p-hm³ km[n- -Ww. tic-f- nâ GI-tZiw 500 G tdmfw Øew k`-bp-ss-bpw, `{Zm-k-\- -fp-ss-bpw, B{i-a- -fp-ssbpw Hs ]cn-[n-bnâ D]- tbmkcln-x-ambn InS- p- v. ]pxnb \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn v Bh-iy-amb Øe- nsâ ]cn[n hfscb[niw Ipd- n-«p- v. _mly-ticf `{Zm-k-\- -fnepw Hmtcm s{]m^-j-wâ timtf-pp-iä hoxw \ne-hnâ hc-ww. IÀWm-S-I- nse IpkmÂ\-K-dn ]. h«- p-t  _mhm-xncp-ta-\n-bpss Ime v F³Pn-\o-b-dnwKv timtfpv Bcw-`n- p-hm³ 20-e w cq]-ap-s n 50 G À Øew hm n-bn-cp- p. sn - qà `{Zm-k-\m-[n-]³ A`n-hµy txmakv amà A m-\m-kn-tbmkv Xncpta-\n-bpsS t\xr-xz- n-emwv AXn-\pÅ {ia- Ä \S- n-b-xv. F mâ {]mtz-ini cmjv{sob CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ \nan w timfpv Bcw-`n- p-hm³ km[n- n-ã. 100 timsn-tbmfw hne-a-xn- p Cu hkvxp ssiamäw snbvxv awk-em-]pcw taj-e-bnâ ]pxnb kwcw-`- Ä \ap v Bcw-`n- p-hm³ km[n- pw. HmUn-änwKv ae- -c-k-`-bpss hmàjn-i-_-uvpäv sam - nâ 700 timsn cq]-tbmfw hcpw. ti{µo-irx _UvPäv XpI-bmb 400 timsn-tbmssm w CS-h-I-]-Ån-I-fpsSbpw A\p-_-Ô-Øm-]-\- -fp-ssbpw XpI IqSn CXn DÄs -Sp- p. C{Xbpw henb Hcp km¼- ni taj-e-bv -\p-kr-x-amb HmUnänwKv kwhn-[m\w k`-bnâ \ne-hn-en-ã. FÃm {]mbw Øm]-\- -fp-ssbpw hmàjni hc-hp-sn-e-hp-i- W- p-iä HmUn-änw-Kn\v hnt[-b-am- p- p- v. FIvtÌ-W HmUn-änw-Kn-t\m-sSm w Ctâ-W HmUn-änwKv IqSn Imcy- -a-ambn \nàæ-ln- -s -S- dn«-bàsaâ v C\nbpw hà²n- p- sa- -Xn-\mÂ, ko\nb À A w K - s f am{xw D]-tbm-K-s -Sp- m-sa Bibw `mhn-bnâ {]tbm-kn- I-a-Ã. FÃm {]mb- nepw s]«-hà, {]txy-in- v bphm- Ä k`-bpss t\xr- Xz-\n-c-bn thww. Ww. AXn\- på {ia - Ä k` Bcw`- n - X- mbn a\- Ênem - p - p. F nepw Cu cwk v dn«-bà snbvx k`mw-k- -fpss tkh\w IqSn {]tbm-p-\- s -Sp- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. AtXm-sSm w k`møm]- \- -fp-ss-bpw {]Øm-\- -fpssbpw Imcy- nâ tkmjyâ HmUn-änwKv IqSn \S- p- Xv \Ã-Xmbn-cn- pw. k`m Øm]-\- -fpss \ne-hmcw DbÀ p- -Xn\v CXv klm-b-i-c-am-ipw. AG s Hm^o-kn \n pw, aäv HmUn-änwKv hn`m-k- -fnâ \n pw dn«-bà snbvx k`mw-k- -fpss Hcp ]m\â X m-dm n Ah-cpsS tkh\w D]-tbm-K-s -Sp- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. kz -ambn At\Iw hnzym-`ym-k-øm-]-\- Ä \S- p B{i-a- -fpss IW- p-i-fnâ \nb-a-\- Ä pw aäpw e`n- p XpI-IÄ tnà m-dn-ã. CXnsâ hchp sne-hp-i-w- p-iä k`mw-k- sf t_m²y-s -Sp- n-bn-sã- nepw k`sb t_m²y-s -Sp-t - Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. ]. kn\-un\v C cw Øm]-\- Ä hchp sne-hp-i-w- p-iä IrXy-ambn \ÂtI- -Xm-Wv. Cu Imcy- nâ Hcp s]mxp am\-zþw \ne-hnâ hc-ww. ASp \mep]xn-äm- p-iä aq mw kl-{km-_vz- n-te p IS- m³ ae- -c-k-`bv v \mep]xn-äm- p-iä am{xw. Hcp ]s ss{ikvx-h-tem-i v hfsc Ipd p k`-iät CXv Ah-Im-i-s -Sp-hm³ Ign-bp-I-bp- Åp. bcp-i-te-anâ k` Øm]n- -s «Ime-b-f-hn Xs ae- -ck` Øm]n- -s «p F Xv sszh-\n-tbm-k-ambn IcpXn k` hyàamb ImgvN- m-tsmspw e y-t_m-[-t m-spw-iqsn C\n-bpÅ Im-e- -fnâ {]hà n- -Ww. AXn-\pÅ ]²-Xn-IÄ Bkp-{XWw sn p-ibpw ka-b-_-ôn-x-ambn ]qà o-i-cn- -s -Sp-Ibpw sn - Ww. FÃm cwk pw kzbw ]cym]vxx ssih-cn- -Ww. Ime- nsâ Ips mgp nâ Fhn-sStbm \ap v \jvs-s «{]Xm]w Xncn- p-]n-sn- -Ww. k`m Øm]-\- nsâ ASn-Øm-\-e- y- Ä a\-ên-em n Bßo-b-þ-`u-Xn-I-cw-K- -fnâ h³ip-xn- p-nm-«- n\p k`sb kö-am- p-hm³ sszhw A\p-{K-ln- -s«-sb v \ap v {]mà n- mw. 29

24 Women Woman, Nature and the Church Dr. Saramma Varghese Virginia Woolf was an English writer who wrote during the th first half of the 20 century. In A Room of One's Own she says that a woman needs financial independence and a room of one's own if she is to write fiction or poetry. Woolf looks at literature written during the different centuries and asks a very pertinent question. If Shakespeare had a sister who was equally brilliant and talented, would she have written plays the way Shakespeare did? What would have been her plight? Woolf finds it deplorable that nothing th is known about women before the 18 century. She asks why women did not write poetry in the Elizabethan age, she is not sure whether they were educated, whether they were taught to write, what they did from eight in the morning till eight at night. In the present times, the plight of women has changed. They go to schools, universities, take degrees, have paying jobs; many of them have the financial independence and enough of privacy or a room of one's own to write. Religion is usually the last sphere where changes occur and it is interesting to note what th changes have happened in the life of women in the 20 century in the field of religion and one's own church. Twentieth century saw two important movements, the struggle of women for equality and also the conscious effort on the part of humans to protect nature. Both women and nature were like property owned by men, to be ruled by them and not to have voices of their own. Women now assert that they have bodies of their own, minds of their own and opinions of their own. Climatic changes and natural calamities warn us about the grim consequences of ruining nature. Inspired by these movements, churches are also trying to render justice to women and to protect nature. Prayer is the way through which humans connect themselves to God. Orthodox liturgy is resplendent with passages where the elements of nature are acknowledged and blessed. On Palm Sunday, we have the moving lines for the trees and plants from which the flowers and leaves have been plucked. On the day that we remember the baptism of Jesus (Danaha Perunal) water, which is life giving and life preserving and all its sources are blessed. The remarkable feature of these prayers point to the way in which nature is respected, not just treated as a commodity to be bought and sold, or made use of for profit. Our mystic saints, who composed these prayers in their deep meditations, felt oneness with all of God's creation, both animate and inanimate and offered prayers and blessings for all of God's creation. Looking at the attitude towards women, we derive hope and consolation when we meditate on the life of Jesus. Unlike his Jewish contemporaries, Jesus evinced great sympathy and understanding towards women. When the woman caught in adultery was brought to him and they were about to stone her according to the Jewish custom, Jesus stopped them pointing to their own probable involvement in her actions. Although women didn't have the freedom of movement at that time, we find them accompanying Jesus and being with him during his time of suffering and death on the cross. The women were the first to receive the good news of the resurrection, and in the early church, they actively took part in the mission work. The Acts of the Apostles and the Epistles mention the names of several women who were actively involved in the work of proclaiming the gospel along with the Apostles. When we look at the biographies of the venerable church fathers, we find that many of them were guided by women. St. Macrina who lived in the fourth century, influenced her brothers, St. Gregory of Nyssa, St. Basil the Great and St. Peter of Sebastea. According to St.Gregory it was from Macrina, that these leaders learned humility, prayer and love of the Word of God. Coming to modern times, in places like Russia where religion was suppressed during the communist rule, it was the faith that was upheld by the women that mostly helped the Russian Orthodox Church to pass on its beliefs and traditions. In Europe, religion has lost its hold on the masses and practices of religion are fast disappearing and many remain members of the church without being devout practitioners. In the Indian context, religion is very much alive and in the orthodox worship wherever it is conducted women constitute more than half the body of the church. They observe the traditions, attend mass regularly, keep fasts and vigils, and pass the tradition of the church to the next generation by keeping the practices at home and also by teaching the faith in the Sunday Schools. Their spiritual life is strengthened by attending the prayer meetings and retreats organized by the Martha Mariyam Samajam. These days they are also offered knowledge and help to empower themselves through various schemes. Our seminaries try to impart theological education to the lay people, and encourage women to do the ' Divyabodhanam' courses that they offer. Their spiritual leanings help them to face problems with the deep faith that they have in God. They make prayers for each member of the immediate family and also for the larger family of friends and relations. It is through their efforts that peace is maintained in most families. Women have a great bonding with nature. In the same manner that the earth nurtures life within its layers and makes new life to emerge from its folds, the woman also experiences the emergence of new life within her womb and nurtures it till giving birth and takes care of the new born with affection and sacrifices. Nature endows her with special gifts and instinctive knowledge for all these experiences and functions which only women can do. These special gifts are most of the time taken for granted and even unacknowledged. Women do most of the cooking, and they spend a lot of time in the kitchen. They interact more with things in nature, many women grow plants and tend to trees, some of them grow vegetables for their kitchen so that the health of the family members are taken care of. Cultivating plants gives a person spiritual lessons. A farmer has to sow the seed, water the plant, give it enough manure and keep it in sunlight, then wait patiently for flowers, fruits or seeds, whatever be the yield. The spiritual lesson of patient waiting happens with women during the times she is pregnant with a baby. The church can encourage women to make greater use of their God-given abilities and talents for the church and society. Women can use the capacity for peace building within communities that are torn apart due to various reasons. The women in our church were for long denied their voices in decision making bodies. Recently they have been granted that at the local level, but the wisdom of women can be made use of in the governance at a higher level also. When equality has been granted to women at the secular level and when women are proving themselves competent in every area of life, is it not the mission of the Orthodox Church to render justice to women? This is necessary for establishing God's peace among God's people. The silent groans of the marginalized are to be heard by the church, in the same manner that God listens to the groans of his faithful followers. O r t h o d o x women should ask themselves how they can add to the life of the Church 30 The Orthodox women also need to be conscious of what has been given to them and they need to make use of the opportunities. I recount two instances particularly just to have a look within to assess and remind ourselves of the miles we need to move forward. I remember sitting in a church outside Kerala and listening to the announcements and instructions. The vicar of the church

25 Women hn. a{io\: Fsâ henb Bcm-[-\m-]m{Xw tum. ]utemkv amà {KotKm-dn-tbmkv Fsâ henb Bcm-[-\m-]m-{X-amb Hcp kv{xobmwv amà m a{io-\. \memw ixm-_vz- nâ Pohn- n-cp A\p-Kr-loX-bmb a{io\ ]cn-ip-²-\mb amà _tkentbmknsâ aq s] -fm-wv. B kv{xobpss Poh-N-cn{Xw C pw Rm³ hmbn- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. 12 hb-êm-b-t m-tg pw B Ip«n p k oà -\- Ä apgp-h\pw a\x]mt-am-bn. Hcp Øe- p-\n pw thsdmcp Øe-t p t]mip- Xp Xs k oà \w snmãns m- m-bn-cn- pw. am{x-a- Ã, A s thz-]p-kvx-i- nâ item-tamsâ hnúm\w Fs mcp ]pkvx-i-ap- m-bn-cp- p. AXv At m-{io^m ss nfnte DÅq. AXpw a\x]mt-am n Ignª p 12 hb-êm-b-t m-tg pw B Ip«n. A p-xs henb ^ntem-k-^à Bbn. 12 hb-êm-bt mä B Imes Gähpw henb ]WvUn-X-sb {]ikvxn AhÄ t\sn. \memw \qäm- nâ C{Xbpw hnzym-`ym-k-apå Hcp kv{xo D m-bn-«n-ã. henb ]nxm- - m-cmb _tk-en-tbm-knt\bpw {KotKm-dn-tbm-kn-t\bpw ]Tn- n- Xv Cu ktlm-z-cnbm-wv. AXp-sIm v ]Tn- n-  kv{xoisf kw_-ôn n- St mfw AXoh {][m-\-amb Hcp [À½-am-Wv. a{io-\-bpss-bpw, _tk-en-tbm-kn-sâ-bpw, {KotKm-dn-tbm-kn-sâbpw A½bpw \à A`y-kvX-hn-Zy-bmb h\nx Bbn-cp- p. sszh-imkv{xw am{x-aã `uxni hnúm-\o-bhpw IqsS \Ã-Xp-t]mse Adn-bm-am-bn-cp- -Xp-sIm- mwv a sf C s\ hfà n FSp- -Xv. t_m[\ ip{iqj kv{xoi-fpss ]Tn- n  ip{iqj \jvs-s -«p-t]mbmâ ]uc-kvxyk-`-isf kw_-ôn- n-s-t mfw Ah-bpsS Poh³ \jvs-s -Spw. hmkvxhw ]d-ª mâ ]uc-kvxy-k-`isf kw_-ôn- n-s-t mfw k`-i-fpss \ne-\nâ nsâ ASn-Øm\w Xs kv{xoi-fpss ]Tn- n-  ip{iq-j-bm-wv. Rm³ ]e-t mgpw Btem-Nn- n-«p- v, F nâ hnizm-k- nsâ ASn- d ]min- - Xv Bcm-sW- v. AXv Fsâ ]Ån-bnse A ³ Bbn-cp- n-ã. GsX- nepw sa{xmt m-eo- bp-a-ãm-bn-cp- p. Fsâ A½-bmWv Fs hnizm-k- nsâ _me-]mtw ]Tn- n- -Xv. Ahn-sS-\n- mwv F\n p In«n-bn-«pÅ hnizm-kw. C-t mgpw sszh-im-kv{x- nâ ]d-bpw, sa{xm-t m-eo- - mà ASp sa{xm-t m-eo- - mà p hnizmkw ssit  n p simsp- p- p-sh- v. Fs sa{xm-t m-eo- m-sbm- p-aã ssit - ev]n- Xv; Fsâ A½-bmWv. hnizmks kw_-ôn- n-s-t mfw CXmWp \½psS k`-bpss henb iàn. hnizmkw a Ä p ssiam-dp- -Xn-\pÅ kz`m-h-ip-²nbpw hnúm-\hpw \½psS kv{xoiä p-s nâ AXmWp hmkvx-h- n-epå Icp- v. k`bpss Øm]-\-]-c-amb LS-\-sbms AhnsS InS- pw. AXn-\- I p IqsS Ipsd Imcy- Ä sn Ww; XÀ -an-ã. ]t, B Øm]-\-]-c-amb LS-\-tb- mä IqSp-X-embn \½psS k`-bpss hnizmkw ]cn-c- n p t]m n-«p-åxv A½-am-cpsS hnúm-\hpw hnth-ihpw {]t_m-[-\- fpw BWv. BZn-ap-Xte k`-bnâ A s\ Bbn-cp- p. CXp kv{xoisf kw_-ôn- n-s-t mfw hfsc {][m-\-amb Hcp Imcy-am-Wv. ap¼p ]dª a{io-\-bpss A½q-½bpw Hcp a{io-\- bm-wv. B al-xnbpw Hcp henb A²ym-]n-I-bm-bn-cp- p.cu A½bnÂ\n pw A½q-½-bnÂ\n- p-amwv Cu ]d-bp IpSpw-_ n\p apgp-h³ hnizm-khpw In«n-bn-«p-Å-Xv. \½psS C s {]iv\w hcp- Xp apgp-h-\pw Ahn-sS-bm-Wv. \½psS A½amÀ C p hnizmkw ]Tn- m- Xp henb Hcp {]Xn-kÔn krjvsn- n-cn- p- p. hnizm-k-im-cy- Ä kt -kviq-fnâ ]Tn- n- p-sim-åp-sa-s mcp [mcw F -s\tbm ]c- n-«p- v. A s\ ]d-ª p-hn-s-cp-xv. kt -kviq-fnâ hnizmkw ]Tn- n- pw, ]Tn- n- -Ww. AXm-h-iy-am-Wv. ]t, ASn- Øm-\-an-tS- Xv A½-bmWv; A½q-½-bm-Wv. A m-cy- nâ XÀ w th. AhÀ v bymà -am-bn-«på hnizmkw Ds - nte k` \ne-\n p t]mhp-i-bp-åq. AXp-sIm v B ip{iq-jbv v C pw DbÀ ap³k-w\ simsp- -Ww. AsXmcp sndnb Imcy-ambn XÅn- -f-b-cp-xv. At mä \½psS h\n-x-iä \½psS hnizmkw icn-bmbn ]Tnt Xocq. AÃm-sXm- p-i-bn-ã. \½psS kv{xoiä \½psS hnizmkw \ mbn ]Tn- n-sã- nâ Ipª p Ä v AXp ]IÀ p-sim-sp- m³ Ign-bp-I-bn-Ã. _p²n-]-c-ambn am{xw ]Tn- mâ t]mcm. hnizmk- nâ Pohn- -Ww. Ipª p- sf kw_-ôn- n-s-t mfw {]mtbm-kni \nzài\w BWv Ipsd- qss Ah-cpsS a\-ênâ ]Xn-bp-I. (1990 s^{_p-h-cn-bnâ Xncp-h-\- -]p-c v \S HmÀ tumivkv h\nxm tziob kt½-f-\- nâ snbvx {]`m-j-w- nâ\n- v) wanted to constitute a committee for a prestigious charity project to be done by the church. He asked for names from the people who were there, but only the names of men kept coming. I was quite surprised that no woman's name was mentioned, finally Achen himself nominated the name of the lady who was in charge of the Martha Mariyam Samajam. What prevented the women from coming up with names of women, I kept wondering. Unless they are willing to take responsibility and do real hard work for church and society, how can they make use of their God given abilities? It might cause them a lot of inconveniences coming for committees in the hot sun when it would be convenient to sit at home making tea for the family members or having to give up something else to really contribute to the work they have been assigned. The men have been taking the leadership in church activities for long; the ladies also can complement their work. Two weeks ago, I attended the 'Pothuyogam' in my own church. The list of eligible people showed the names of many women. But the number of women who actually came was less than ten. This happened in a parish where the number of families came to more than 800. Why is it that the women did not participate? Is it the lack of knowledge or lack of training that is reflected in such instances? Or is it the patriarchal mode of thinking that prompts the women to sit at home and allow the men to decide everything the way they want? Many women forget that their way of analyzing and responding to a situation maybe different from the way men look at the same situation, because women's experiences are different from that of men. This complimentary nature can do a lot towards decision making which takes into account the various aspects. This is the time that the Orthodox Church celebrates the centenary of the establishment of the Catholicate. We uphold the freedom and the integrity of the Indian Orthodox Church and remember all those who strove to achieve this, the lay people, and the clergy, especially the Holy fathers. Let us not forget that we need to walk still further to offer justice to the mothers, the womenfolk in the church. The Orthodox women also should look within and ask themselves how they can add to the life of the church. It could be through deep prayer and meditation, when the trend is for merrymaking and enjoyment. It could be by standing against the consumerist culture in one's own small ways. It can be in striving to preserve nature in one's own way by caring for plants and trees in one's own garden or locality. Orthodox women can contribute by being counselors or by giving palliative care. They can encourage religious tolerance and can also offer to initiate peace talks among contending parties. They can help a lot by visiting the sick and the old and lonely people, or the HIV infected. Orthodox women can be ambassadors of God's mission in their own lives, in ways which are relevant to the times. May God help them to fulfill their mission by living prayerful, active lives. Dr. Saramma Varghese is formerly Principal of Catholicate College, Pathanamthitta.She writes frequently for church publications on various topics concerning women and spirituality 31

26 `mhn-zài\w tdmanse k`-sb- p-dn- på ]utem-knsâ km yw tdmanse k`-bnâ\n v ae- -c-k-`bv v [mcmfw ]Tn- m-\p v {InkvXob k`-bpss {]m-y-ani L«- nâ tdmam \K-cnbnse k`sb- än ]utemkv Çolm \ÂIn-bn-«pÅ Nn{Xw, At±lw B k`bv v Fgp-Xn-bn-«pÅ tej-\- nâ \n p e`n- p -Xm-Wv. GsX- nepw At m-kv-txm-e-\mwv AhnsS kphntijw Adn-bn- -Xv F -Xn\v ]pxnb \nb-a- nâ sxfn-shm- p-an- Ã. Fs - nepw ImtW Xv tdmam tej-\- n-em-wv. ]t AXn bmsxmcp ]cm-aài-hp-an-ã. ]utemkv Is -gp-xp L«- nâ (F.-Un. 56) tdmanâ {]i-kvx-amb Hcp k` D m-bn-cp- p. (tdm-a.1:8 ImWp-I) AXn blqz ]m¼cy nâ\n- p-å-hcpw hnpm-xob kaq-l- nâ\n v F n-b-h-cp-ap- m-bn-cp- p. _lp-`qcn-]- hpw hnpm-xob kaq-l- nâ\n pw h h-c- m-imw. tej-\- nsâ ]Xn-\mdmw A²ym-b-amWv ChnsS hni-i-e\w sn p- -Xv. {]Y-a-ZÀi-\- nâ AXp hf-sc -hn-c-k-amb Hcp `mksa p txm mw. \ap v A]-cn-Nn-X-hpw, hmbnâ HXp- m- -Xpamb Ipsd t]cp-i-fpss \o Hcp ]«n-i-bm-wv. F nepw kq va- X-tbmsS \maxp ]Tn- p-t¼mä A s Ahn-Sps k`-sb- p- dn- på Hcp kq va-nn{xw \½psS ap¼nâ sxfn-ª p-h-cpw. (1) k` `h-\- -fnâ kt½-fn p: ""Ah-cpsS ho«nse k`sb hµ\w sn p-hn³'' (hm. 5) A m- e v ]Ån-Itfm aäv Bcm-[-\m-e-b- tfm {InkvXob k`-bv n- Ãm-bn-cp- p. bcp-i-te-an-epw simcn- n-epw Ft^-kq-kn-epw simteky-bn-epw tdmanepw ^nen- y-bnepw FÃmw hnizm-kn-iä Bcm-[- \bv p kt½-fn- Xv Ah-cpsS `h-\- -fn-em-bn-cp- p. ChnsS AIzn-e, {]nkvi Z¼Xn-I-fpsS `h-\- nâ kt½-fn p F p ImWmw. Cu Z-¼-Xn-IÄ FhnsS ]mà n-cp- m-epw, Ah-cpsS `h\w, hnizm-kn-i-fpss IqSnhc-hnsâ ti{µ-am-bn-cp- p. IÀ mhv IpÀ_m\ Øm]n- Xp Xs Hcp `h-\- nâ h mbn-cp- -tãm. kz -ambn tzhm-e-b- Ä D m-ip- Xp hsc `h-\- nse Bcm-[\ XpS-À p-t]m- p. C p \ap v FÃm-bn-S- pw, KÄ^v {]tz-i- -fnâ t]mepw at\m-l-c- -fmb Iqä³ tzhm-e-b- -fp- v. Bcm-[\ A\p-{K-l-{]-Z-am-bpw, lrzy-ambpw AhnsS \S- mw. F mâ ""ho«nse k`'' AY-hm `h-\- -fnse IqSnhchp Ah-K-Wn- m-hp- -X-Ã. \½psS {]mà \m tbmk- Ä AXmWp e y-an-sp- -Xv. Xncp-h- N\]T-\- n\pw \½psS k`m ]mc-¼-cy- n\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb hn[- nâ Imcy- -a-x-tbm-ss, FÃm-h-cp-sSbpw ] m-fn w Dd- m- n-s m v Ah \bn- -s -S-Ww. A n- mbn apf- p-h-fcp "Iq-«m-bva-' m-cpss IS- p-i-bäw B hn[- nâ {]Xn-tcm-[n- Ww. (2) hnizm-kn-iä k`-bnâ kpoh ] m-fn w hln p AhÀ t]-cn\p am{xw k`mw-kxzw ]peà nb-h-c-ã. AhÀ {InkvXob km yw hln- p- - Xn DÕm-ln-Ifpw PmK-cq-I-cp-am-bn-cp- p. k`bpss hfà bpw ]ptcm-k-xnbpw sa{xm- m-cpss kwjy hà²n- n- p- -Xn-em-sW [mcw amtd- n-bn-cn- p- p. AÂam-b- m-cmb k`m-a- Ä km y-po-hn-x-ap-å-hcpw hnizm-k-xo- vw-x-bp-å-hcp-am-bmâ am{x-sa k` hf-cp-i-bp-åq. tdmanse CS-h-I-bnse Nne-sc- än ]dbp- Xp t\m pi: ""AhÀ At\-IÀ p klm-bn-iä Bbn-cp p'' (hm.2) ""adnb \n Ä p th n ITn-\-ambn A²zm-\n p. (hm.6) ""{InkvXp-hnsâ tkh-\- nâ \½psS kl-{]-hà -I-\mb DÀ_m-t\mkv'' (hm.9) ""IÀ r-ip-{iq-j-bnâ GÀs -«n-cn- p {Xqss^\bpw'' (hm.12) ""IÀ r-ip-{iq-j-bnâ {]apj {]hà -I- \mb cqt^mkv'' (hm.13) CS-h-I-bnse Aßm-b- m-cpss k`m {]hà \w kpo-h-am- -Ww. PmY kwl-sn- n- p-i-bpw, hc-thâ pw FXn-tc pw \S- ^m. tum.- Sn.-sP. tpmjz \½psS k`-bnse {]iv\- -fpss ap¼nâ kvxw`nt -Xm-bn-s«m- p-anã. B {]iv\- Ä F s\ ]cn-lcn- -W-sa- p-å-xns\- än At m-kvtxm-e³ \ÂIn-bn-«pÅ \nàt±-i- Ä {i²m-]qàæw a\-ênem- n, Ah-bpsS ASn- Øm-\- nâ \mw ]cn-{i-an- -bmwp th -Xv. p-ibpw sn p- -Xn-ep-]cn Ah-cpsS ZuXy-s - p-dn v t_m[-a- Xn-I-fm- p-ibpw thww. FÃm Imcy- fpw ]ptcm-ln-xsâ t\xr- Xz- nepw \nb-{ -W- nepw BImw. F mâ Aßm-b-cpsS Ignhp-Ifpw tkh-\- fpw ]c-am-h[n {]tbm-p-\-s -Sp- p-hm³ {i²n- bpw thww. A s k`mw-k- Ä ]ou-\- fpw IjvS-X-Ifpw hnizm-k- n-\p-th n kln- -h-cm-wv. AIzn-e, {]nkvin-e-am-sc- än ]utemkv A\p-kva-cn- p p: ""AhÀ F\n p th n X -fpss Poh³ A]-I-S- n-em- n-b-h-cmwv'' (hm.3) Fhn-sS, F -s\, Ft mä F Imcyw hyà-am- n-bn-«n-ã. A³t{Um-Wn-t m-kpw, bq\n-bmhpw ]utem-knsâ IqsS XS-hn InS- h-cm-wv. (hm.7) ]utem-kv, asämcp I nâ shfn-s -Sp- p p: ""{InkvXp-tb-iphn `àn-tbmss Pohn- p-hm³ a\-êp-å-hà v FÃmw D]-{Zhw D mipw'' (2 Xnsam. 3:12) (3) kv{xoi-fpss ] m-fn w tdmanse k`b- nâ kv{xoif- pss kpoh ] mf- n - a- p - mb- nc- p - p. Cu A²ym-b- nâ ]cm-aàin- n-«på Ccp-]- mdp t]cp-ifnâ Fs«w h\n-xi-fp-ts-xmwv þ GXm v aq nâ Hcp `mkw. AhÀ B k`-bnâ {it²-b-amb tkh\w A\p-jvTn- -Xp-sIm m-wtãm tdmw kµàin- n-«n-ãm At m-kvtxm-e\v Ah-sc- än Adn-bm³ Ign-ª -Xv. t^_m siwt{ib k`-bnse ip{iq-j- m-cn-bmwv (si-½m-in- \n) (hm.1.) adnbw ITn-\-am-bn- A-²zm-\n- -hä (hm.6); bq\n-bm, ]utem-kn-t\m-sp-iqss Imcm-Kr-l-hmkw A\p-jvTn- -hä; (hm.7) IÀ r-ip-{iq-j-bnâ GÀs -«-h-cmwv {Xpss^-\-bpw, {Xpt^mkpw (hm.12). tbip-{inkvxp kv{xoiä p Hcp ]pxnb bpkw Xpd- p-sim-sp- p. IÀ- m-hns\ ip{iq-jn- p-sim v Xs A\p-K-an- -hcmb injy-i-sf- än \mw hmbn- p p (eq-t m.8:3) Ahn-Sps DbnÀ nsâ ktµiw BZyw {ihn- p-hm-\pw, D n-x-\mb IÀ mhns\ BZyw ZÀin- m-\p-apå `mkyw kv{xo mwp e`n- -Xv. bcp-ite-anâ Im n-cp injy-k-aq-l- nâ kv{xoi-fp-ap- m-bn-cp- p. (A. {]. 1:14) ]utem-knsâ Hcp km yw {i²n- pi: ""Fsâ Iq«pth-e- m-cmbn B kv{xoiä Ft m-sp-iqss kphn-tij tlmj-w- nâ t]mcm-sn-bn-cn- p p'' (^n-en. 4:3) IpSpw-_n-\n-I-fmb kv{xoifpss {]hà -\-km- y-am-wv {]nkvinã \ÂIp- -Xv. t^_m Hcp- ]t Ahn-hm-ln-X-bmb apgp-k-ab {]hà I Bbn-cp- n-cn- mw. blqz ]mc¼cy- nâ kv{xoiä p ]XnXzw I n- n-cp- p. kaq-l- nâ AhÀ p bmsxmcp AwKo- Imchpw D m-bn-cp- n-ã. A -c- nâ hf-sctbsd hnth-n\w ]peà nb Hcp kaq-l- nâ\n- mwv {InkvXob k` DZ-bw-sN-bvX-Xv. F mâ tbip-{inkvxp h v Hcp ]pxnb XpS w Ipdn- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. AtX- än ]utemkv ]dbp- -Xv, ""AXn (k-`-bnâ) blq-z\pw bh-\\pw F n-ã. kv{xobpw ]pcp-j-\pw F panã; FÃmhcpw {InkvXp-hn H t{x.'' (K-em. 3:28) F mâ ]nâ m-e p k`-bnâ hfà p-h ]pcp-j-ta-[m-hnxzw C pw k`-bnâ \n p hn«p-amdn-bn-«n-ã. k`-bpss apjy-[m-c-bnâ\n v kv{xoisf ]màizhâ -cn Ah-Ø-bm-Wv. amä- nsâ amsämen tiä m³ XpS- n-sb- Xv ipt`m-zà w Xs. GXm-bmepw At m-kvtxmeni k`-bpss ]Ým- -e- nâ Hcp ]p\ànn- \w Bh-iy-sa- -Xn\p kwi-b-an-ã. (4) k`-bnâ {]iv\- Ä D m-bn-cp- p At m-kvtxm-eni Ime v FÃm k`-i-fnepw {]iv\- Ä D m-bn-cp- p. A -s\-bpå {]iv\- -fmwv hnhn[ k`-iä p tej-\-sa-gp-xm³ ]utem-kn-s\ t{]cn- n- -Xv. At m-kvtxm-e- mà Xs t\xrxzw \ÂIn-bn-cp- -Xpw ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hnsâ Ir]m-h-c- Ä Gsd e`n- n-cp- -Xp-amb A s k`-bn-ep-ap- m-bn-cp p {]iv\- Ä. Imc-Ww, k` amem-j-am-cpss kaq-l-a-ã, _e-lo-\cpw ]m]n-i-fp-amb a\p-jy-cpss kaq-l-am-wv. c n- -s -«-h-cpw, hnip- 32

27 kss`iyw tbip-hn-sâ c- mwh-c-hpw kss`-iy-hpw A½nWn amxyp `o-i-c-{]-hà- -IÀ Agn-ª m-sp-, A-t[m-tem-I-{]-hÀ- - \- Ä X-g- p-h-f-cp-, -D-dp-¼pIsf simãp- em-l-h-t m-sp-iq-sn Iq-«-s m-e-]m-x-i- Ä \S- p Cu Im-e-L-«- nâ tbip-{inkvxp-hnsâ c mw-h-chv \ap v {]Xym-i -\ÂIp- p. AXn-\m \mw DWÀ- pw {]mà- n pw sim- v Ahsâ c mw-h-c-hn-\mbn H- cp- n bncn- Ww. hn-ip-²-{k-ù- n-â tb-ip-hn-sâ c- ma-s h-c-hn-s\- -änbp-å ]-cn-ip-²m-ßm-hn-sâ sh-fn-s -Sp- -ep-ifpw ssz-h-zq-x mà ]-d-ª n-cn- p- Xpw tb-ip in-jy m-tcm-sv ]-d-ª n-cn- p- Xpw \- ap- v Im-Wm-hp- -XmWv. ac-ww kp-\n-ýn-x-am-wv. AtX-t]m-seX-s tb-ip-hn-sâ c- m-as h-chpw kp-\n-ýn-x-amwv. C-h c pw F-t mä kw-`hn pw F- v BÀ pw A-dn-bp-hm³ ]m-snã. B \mfpw \m-gn-ibpw kw-_-ônt m ]n-xm-hãm-sx Bcpw, kzà- - n-se Zq-X- m-cpw, ]p- {X\pw-Iq-sS And-bp- nã (hn. aà-t m-kv 13:32). k-a-b- n-sâ ]qà- o-i-c-w- nâ tb-ip ho pw h-cp-sa- - Xn-sâ ap- -dn-bn- p-iä G-h F- p t\m- mw. 1. kzà- - n-te- v t]m-bxp-t]m-se X-s tb-ip ho pw h-cpw: ""K-eo-e-]p-cpj m-sc \n- Ä B-Im-i- n-te- v t\m- n-\nâ- p- -sx- v? \n- -sf-hn-«v kzà m-tcml-ww snbv-x Cu tbip-hn-s\ kzà- - n-te- v t]m-ip- -h-\m-bn \n- Ä I- Xpt]m-se X-s A-h³ ho- pw h-cpw (A. {].1:11). D- n-x\m-b tb-ip \m-ev]-xv \m-tfm-fw a-kv-z-e-\-a-dn-b- n\pw in-jy- mà pw DÄ-s -ss G-I-tZ-iw Aª q-tdm-fw t]à- v {]- Xy- -\mbn. H-en-hp-a-e-bn \n- v tb-ip in-jy- mà Im -si B-tcml-Ww sn-bvxp. H-cp ta-lw Ah-s\ -aq-sn A-h³ A-h-cpsS Im-gv-N-bv- v a-dª p. Cu Im-gv-N-I- v AÛp-X-]-c-X-{ -cmbn C-a-sh-«m-sX B-Im-i- n-te- v t\m- n-\n- injy m-tcm- ²o-I-cn- -s -«-h-cp-sa- n-epw, AhÀ hkn- p- Xv Xn bpw ]m]hpw \ndª temi- n-em-wv. t]mcm-«- -fp-ssbpw {]tem-`-\- -fp-ssbpw \Sp-hn-em-Wv. At mä {]iv\- Ä ]e Xc- n-epw, Xe- nepw k`-bnâ cwk-{]-thiw sn mw. tdmanse k`-bn-epw, aäp ]e k`i-fn-epw, k`-bpss hnip-²nbpw sfiyhpw `RvPn- p Nne {]-h-w-x-iä DbÀ p-h- p. (tdm-a. 15:17-þ20) imty m- cmb hyàn-iä X -fpss Øm\hpw A`n-{]m-bhpw Øm]n- m³ apxn-cp-t¼mä AXp `n Xbnte p hgn-sx-fn- pw. IÀ m-hn-s\- b-ã, X -fpss hb-dns\ tkhn- p (hm.18) A -c- mà FÃm- m-e pw k`-bnâ {]iv\- Ä krjvsn- m-xn-cn- -bn-ã. km m- \mwv CXnsâ ]n¼n-ep-å-sx p ]utemkv kqnn- n- p- p. simcn- nse AhØ hyxy-kvx-am-bn-cp- p. AhnsS I n-hg- v, tims-xn-i-b-äw, Akm mà n-i-x, ]cn-ip-²mß \Âh-c-s s m-ãn-bpå XÀ w þ C s\ thz-imkv{x-]c-hpw, kzm-nm-c-]-chp-amb hnj-b- Ä DÄs -«n-cp- p. AXp-t]mse A m-es aäp k`-i-fnepw Hmtcm {]iv\w DbÀ p-h- p. At mä \½psS k`bnse {]iv\- -fpss ap¼nâ kvxw`n-t -Xm-bn-s«m- p-anã. B {]iv\- Ä F s\ ]cn-lcn- -W-sa- p-å-xn-s\- än At mkvtxm-e³ \ÂIn-bn-«pÅ \nàt±-i- Ä {i²m-]qàæw a\-ên-em- n, Ah-bpsS ASn-Øm-\- nâ \mw ]cn-{i-an- -bmwp th -Xv. H mw \qäm- nse kml-n-cy- -fnâ \n v XnI- pw `n -amb Hcp temi- n-emwv C s k`. kmaq-ly-cw-k- pw, imkv{xob cwk pw kw`-hn- n-«på hn¹-h-m-ß-i-amb ]cn-hà - \- fpw shãp-hn-fn-ifpw k`bv p t\cn-sp-hm\p- v. A v Hcp k`bpw AXn Nne B`y- c {]iv\- -fp-ap- m-bn-cp- p. C v F{X k`-iä! F{X Ahm- c hn`m-k- Ä! Hmtcm pw DbÀ p Ah-Im-i-{]-Jym-]-\- Ä Nn m- p-g w krjvsn- m- Xn-cn- -bn-ã. Chn-sS-bmWv a\p-jy-_p-²n- -Xo-X-ambn sszhm-ßmhnsâ hym]mcw Bh-iy-am-bn-cn- p- -Xv. ImtXm-en-t -änsâ ixm- _vzn-bm-tlm-j- Ä \S- p-t¼mä At m-kvtxm-en-i-im-es k`sb- p-dn- på Cu {lkz ]T\w \ap v Nne DÄ m-gvniä \ÂIm-Xn-cn- -bn-ã. Sv kzà- - n-te- v t]m-ip- -h-\m-bn \n- Ä I- Xp-t]m-se X- t A-h³ ho pw hcpw F- v ssz-h-zq-x mà Bizm-k-h- N\w \ÂIn. K-{_n-tb am-em-j- a-dn-bm-an\pw k-j-cym-hn\pw \ÂIn-b k-tµ-iw h-ån pw ]p-ån pw hy-xym-k-anãm-sx kw- `-hn Xpt]mse CXpw kw`-hn- pw. 2. Ø-ew H-cp- n-bn-«v ssz-h-a -sf Iq-«n-s m- p t]m-ip-hm³ tbip hcpw: "Rm³ t]m-bn \n- Ä- v Ø-ew H-cp- n-bmâ Rm³ Ccn- p- CS- v \n- fpw C-cn-t - Xn-\v ]n-s bpw h- v \n -sf F-sâ A-Sp-  tnà p-sim-åpw" (hn. tbml- m³ 14:3). tb-ip- hn-iz-kv-x-\m-bxp-sim- v Cu hm-kvz- w \n-dth-äpw. Ø-ew H-cp- n-b-xn-\p-ti-jw tb-ip c- m-axpw h- v hn-ip-²- m-scbpw \o-xn-am- m-scbpw ]-cn-ip-²mß \n-d-hp-å-h-scbpw Po-h-]p-kv-X-I- nâ t]-sc-gp-xn-bn-cn- p- -h-scbpw ]n-xm-hn-sâ Cãw sn- p- -h-scbpw Iq-«n-s m- v kzà -cm-py- n-te- v t]m-ipw. kzà- -cm-py- n-te- v {]-th-in- m³ km-[n- m- -hà B-scÃm-sa- v 1 simcn. 6:9,10 ]-dbp p. 3. \ym-bw-hn-[n- v X- -{]-Xn^-ew \Â-Ip-hm³ tb-ip ho- pw h-cpw: "C-Xm Rm³ th-kw h-cp p. Hm-tcm-cp -\v Ah-\h-sâ {]-hr- n- v X- h- w sim-sp- m³ {]-Xn^-ew F-sâ ]-  D- v" (sh-fn-]m-sv 22:12) Cu kxyw a-\-ên-em- n-sim- m-wv ]m- ]n-i-tfm-sv Icp-W sn- p-h- h-s\ \o \ym-bw-hn-[n- p- Zn-h-k- nâ R- -tfm-sv I-cp-W-sN- -Wta F- p \mw {]mà- n- p- Xv. tb-ip-hn-sâ \ym-bhn-[n kmà-æ-{xn-i-a- m-wv. ap-j-]- -anãm- - XmWv. \-½p-sS k-¼t m hn-zym-`ym-k-tam- cm-{ão-b km-apzm-bn- I-Øm-\tam A-[n-Im-ctam tb-ip-hn-sâ \ym-b-hn-[n-bp-ss ap- ¼n hn-e-t m-hp-i-bnã. A-h-\h-sâ {]-hr- n-iä- -\p-k-cn- v \ym-b-hn-[n D- mipw F- bm-ymà yw a-\-ên-em- n \mw \- ½p-sS Po-hnX-s {I-ao-I-cn- Ww. k-`-bpss sf-iyw Np-h-cnÃm-sX Nn{Xw h-cbv p-hm³ km-[yaã F- Xp-t]m-se {InkvXp-in-jy\v k-`-bnãm-sx B-ßo-I-h-fÀ- bnã. k-` tb-ip-hnsâ i-co-c-amwv. tb-ip-hn-sâ i-co-cam-b k-`-bn-se A-h-b-h- -fm-wv \mw Hm-tcm-cp cpw F- ]c-amà- w a-\-ên-em- n k-`-bpss sf- Iy- n-\p-th- n {]-hà- n- p- -h-cm-iww. km-l-n-cyw A-\p-Iq-e-am-bm am{x-ta k-ss`-iyw km-[y-am-hq F- A-_-²-Nn- -bv- v \mw hiw-h-z-cm-i-cpxv. I-S-en-se Xn-cam-e im- -am-ip-hm³ t\m- n-bn-cn- p- -hà- v h- n I-S-en C-d- p-hm³ km-[yaã. Xn-c-ame-sb \n-b{ n- p-hm³ B-cpw {i-an-t -. h- nsb \n-b-{ n- mâ axn. Xn-cam-e D- mip-i F -Xv I-S-en-sâ kz-`m-h-am-wv. AXp-sIm- v Np-äp-]m- SpI-sf ]-gn- m-sx Ah-sb A-Xn-Po-hn- m-\p-å i-àn ssz-h- nâ \n pw BÀ-Ön-s -Sp- v sszh- - nâ ]c- n]- qà - a- mb- n B{- ib- n ps- Im - v ]c- n{- ia- n - pi-. ss{i-kv-x-h B-²ym-ßn-I-X-bn kzmà- -Xm-ev-]-cy- n\pw Rm³ F- `m-h- n\pw {]-kàn CÃ; H-cp ]-cn-[nh-sc C-h c- nsâbpw Iq-sS-bp-Å I-S- m-{i-a-w-am-wv k`m sf-iy- n-\v Xpc- w h-bv- p -Xv F- \-á-kxyw a-\-ên-em- n, C-h-bp-sS \ocm-fn-]n-sp- - nâ \n- v k-s-ip-s-sª -gp-t Â-t - Im-ew A-Xn- {I-an- n-cn- p-i-bmwv. AXp-sIm- v ss{i-kv-x-h- [mà½n-i aq-ey- Ä DÄ-s m- v \mw {]-hà- n- Ww. B-ßo-b-Po-hn-X- n-sâ {]m-w-hm-bp-hm-wv hn-izm-kw. k-`-bv- v k-l-\- Ä D- m-ip-t¼mä hn-izm-k- nâ \n- v hy-xn-nen- m-sx, P-Uo-I-tam-l- -fp-ss ]n- m-se ]c- w ]m-bm-sx X-sâ Ip-cnipw F-Sp- p-sim- v tbip-hn-s\ A-\p-K-an- p- Po-hn-X-ssi -en-bp-ss D-S-a-I-fm-bn \mw am-d-ww. Zr-iyam-b k`bpss sfiyw \-½p-sS k-`-bnâ kw-pm-x-am- Ip-hm³ th- n A-Zr-iy\mb ssz-h- n-sâ Ir-]-bv mbn \-ap- v {]mà- n- mw. 33

28 aounb k`bpw aoun-bbpw tum. tpmàpv hàkokv k`bpw aoun-bbpw F p tiä p-t¼mä km[m-cw AXp ]d-bp Bfnsâ ]»n-kn-än-bmwv hnj-bw. Ah-cpsS t^mt«mbpw hmà bpw Ahn-Sps {]mtz-ini Xmfnsâ GsX- nepw aqe-bnâ h mâ k`-bpss Imcyw sxfn-ª p. CXm-Wv k`bpw aoun-bbpw X½n-epÅ _Ô-sa p AhÀ Icp-Xp- p. Cu _Ô- Ä XpSÀ mâ aounbm _Ô- Ä Hm.-sI. {]Xn-k-Ôn-IÄ hcp-t¼m-gmwv Cu _Ô- nsâ Dd p ]cntim-[n- p-i. CXp s]mxp-{]-kn-²o-i-c-w- -fp-ssbpw Nm\-ep-I-fpsSbpw Imcyw. k`bv v {]kn-²o-i-c-w- Ä A\-h-[n-bp- -tãm. Ch-bn ]pd- p-å-hà v simsp- m³ simåm-hp h ct m aqt m ImWpw. an hbpw sa{xm- m-cpss bm{xm-]-cn-]m-sn-iä, IÂ]-\- IÄ, k tu kviqä hmàjn-i- Ä F n-h-sim p \ndª ncn- pw. ]ns -hn-ss-bmwv k`bpw aoun-bbpw X½n-epÅ _Ô- Ä. ]e {][m\hnj-b- -fnepw ià-amb \ne-]msp kzoi-cn- mt\m AXp s]mxp-p\w ap¼msi Ah-X-cn- n- mt\m k`bv p XmÂ]-cy-an-ÃmsX h p AYhm AXn\p Ign-bmsX h p.- -hn-hn[ hnj-b- -sf- än B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn ]d-bmt\m {]Xn-Icn- mt\m {]m]vxn-bp-å-hà k`-bn-enã F v AXpsIm v AÀ -am- -cp-xv. Fd-Wm-Ipfw PnÃ-bn ]Ån-IÄ ]q«p- Xpw Xpd- p- Xpw ih-s -«n-iä A½m-\-am-Sp- Xpw am{x-ambn k`m hmà IÄ Npcp- p- p. C cw hmà -IÄ {]kn-²o-i-cn- nã F v Hcp {]apj ]{Xw Xocp-am-\n- p. k`-bnâ Cu Xocp-am\w AÂ]w apdp-ap-dp- n\v Imc-W-am-sb- n-epw ]n osv icn-bmb \o -am-sw v t_m[y-s -«p. timsxn hn[n-iä Nne ]{X- -fnâ hcp- Xv hmepw Xe-bp-an-Ãm-Xm-Wv. AXm-bXv hmà ]et mgpw \njv]- -aã F À w. bymà hmà dnt m-à«sd t_m[y-s -Sp- m³ {ian- -Ww. F nepw hft FgpXq F p h mâ Abmsf t\sc-bm- m³ thsd \nc-h[n amà - -fp- v. aoun-b-bpss Øm\w k`-bnâ ]eà pw a\-ên-em-ip- n-ã. s]cp- m-fnsâ t^mt«m h mâ FÃmw icn-bmbn F mwv ]e-cpssbpw [mc-w. {]m]vxcpw {]i-kvx-cp-amb aoun-b- mà k`-bnep- v. Ahsc D]-tbm-K-s -Sp- m³ Hcp {iahpw \S- p- n-ã. AhÀ k`-bpss A`n-am-\-am-Wv. \ap p apxâ aps- n-ãmsx In«nb \n[n-i-fm-wv. k`-bnâ D -c-hm-z-s -«-hà tnà v Btem- Nn v C -c- msc k`bv v {]tbm-p-\-i-c-amb hn[- nâ D]- tbm-k-s -Sp- -Ww. Adn-b-s -Sp Nne aounbm{]hà -Icpw kmwkvim-cni t\xm- fpw k`mw-k- -fm-sw v km[m-cw k`mw-k- Ä v Adnbn-Ã. Ahsc AwKo-I-cn- m\pw k`mw-k- Ä v ]cn-n-b-s -Sp- m\pw k`m-t\-xm- Ä {ian- -Ww. hnhn[ hnj-b- -fnâ k`bp-ss -{]-Xn-I-c-Whpw \ne-]mspw hyà-ambn Bfp-Isf t_m[ys -Sp- m-hp- -hà k`-bn-ep- v. Ahsc t{]mõm-ln- n- -Ww. k` Hcp Nm\ XpS- p p F p ti«n-cp- p. AXnsâ hnjbw ssiimcyw sn m\pw km¼- ni hiw t\m m\pw {]m]vxn-bp-å-hà k`-bn-ep- v. Ht m ct m hàjw ]co- - WmÀ w \S- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. \S- ns m- p-t]m-im³ Ign-bp- nsã- nâ A p aäp amà - Ä t\m mw. \à {]m]vx-cmb sshznicpw Aßm-bcpw \ap- p- v. {]txyi Ign-hp-I-fpÅ Xncp-ta-\n-am-cp-ap- v. an -hcpw I h³j³ {]kw- K- tfm KÄ^nse CS-hI kµài\tam \S n tkh\w \S- p- p. CXp axntbm k`bv v? ]ecpw Ah-c-h-cp-sS- `-{Zm-k-\- -fnâ a o U n - b - b p s S Øm\w k`-bnâ ]eà pw a\-ên-em- Ip- n-ã. s]cp- mf n s â t ^ m t «m h mâ FÃmw icnbmbn F mwv ]ecp-ssbpw [mc-w. 34 HXp- n- q-sp- p. Ahsc IqSp-X ^e-{]-z-ambn D]-tbm-Kn- -Ww. AXn-\p-th n Hcp {]txyi Un mà«vsaâ v D m- n- bmepw simåmw. HcmÄ v Nph- - Ip- mbw \ÂIn Ign- ª mâ k`-bpss D -c-hm-zn- hpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw Ignª p F p Icp-X-cp-Xv. Xncp-ta-\n-amcpsS t\xr-xz- nâ tnà v ZoÀL-Ime ho -W-apÅ ]cn-]m-sn-iä D m- -Ww. C cw ]cn-]m-sn- IÄ Bcp-sSbpw t]m äv ]cn-]m-sn-iä BI-cp-Xv. kpxm-cy-x-bnâ `b- -cp-xv. P\m-[n-]-Xyhpw A[n-Imc hnti-{µo-i-c-whpw ]cn-]m- Sn-I-fpsS apj-ap-{z-i-fm-bn-cn- -Ww. aounb F t^mà v FtÌ-äns\ th -hn[w D]-tbm-K-s - Sp- p- -Xn\v Xncp-ta-\n-amÀ pw _Ô-s «aäp-å-hà pw ]cn-ioe\w \ÂI-Ww. Imew H ncn amdn-t m-b-tãm. aoun-b-bp-am-bpå _Ôw F p ]d-bp-t¼mä k`mw-k- -fpam-bpå _Ôw F p-iqsn AÀ -am- -Ww. ]nxm- - mà k`mw-k- -fp-ambn ani _Ôw Dd- m- -Ww. BZyw ]d-ª -Xpt]mse kpxm-cyx Dd p hcp- p-ibpw thww. k`mw-k- -fpss A`n-{]m-b- fpw XmÂ]-cy- fpw a\-ên-em- m\pw Ah-bpsS ASn-Øm-\- nâ ]cn-]m-sn-iä Bhn-jvI-cn- m\pw k`bv v Ign-b-Ww. DZm-ko-\X k`-bv v, {]txy-in v t\xr-xz- n-\v, Hcn- epw `qj-w-a-ã. kpo-h-am-bn-cn- Ww k`. t\xrxzw Idâp-t]mse {]hà n- -Ww. k`mw-k- -fpss hnzym`ymk \ne-hm-cw, km¼- ni \ne-hm-cw, B-h-iy- Ä F nh ]Tn v hnhn[ ]cn-]m-sn-iä Bhn-jvI-cn- -W-sa v CsX-gp-Xp BÄ amt\-pnwkv I½-än-bw-K-am-bn-cn- p-t¼mä \nàt±-in- -bp- m-bn. Bcpw Imcy-ambn {i²n- - Xmbn I n-ã. C cw Imcy- -fnepw s]mxp-k-aq-lhp-am-bpå _Ô- -fnepw k` Xmev]-cy-sa-Sp- p- t¼mä aoun-bbpw At m«p snãpw. Hcp s]cp- m-fnt\m kt½-f-\- nt\m ]»n-knän In«n-bm AXn kwxr-]vxn-bsª p Ic-bv v I-bdp coxn amd-ww. k`bv v aoun-b-bp-ambn XpSÀ -bm-b, BßmÀ -am-b, _Ô-ap- m-i-ww. aounbm _Ô- -fnâ tkmjyâ aoun-b-bpw- Im-cy-amb ] phln p XpS- n. ]te-s pw hn¹hw XpS- m³ Ign-ª n-sã- nepw hn¹-h- nsâ s]mcn-iä hnx-dm³ tkmjy³ aoun-bbv v Ign-ª p. t]mkn-äohv Bb Imcy- Ä {]N-cn- n- p- -Xn-t\- mä thk- nâ s\k-äohv Bb Imcy- Ä {]N-cn- n- m³ Ign-ª p. D -c-hm-zn w H n\pw GÂt n hcp- p-an-ã. hnhn[ k`m-hn-`m-k- Ä AhÀ p XmÂ]-cy-apÅ hnj-b- Ä Cu aounbm hgn thk- nâ {]N-cn- n- p- p. C ybv p ]pd- p- \n v ]e ÇmL-\o-b-amb {ia- fpw Cu aoun-b-bn-eqss \S- p- p- v. ]{X- -fpss {]mtz-ini Xmfp-IÄ am{xw ]c-xp- -h-cpss I nâ Ch s]«p F p hcn-ã. tkmjyâ aounb D]-tbm-Kn- p- -h-cnâ IqSp-Xepw sndp- - m-cmwv Ft mà p-i. hyàn-_-ô- -sfbpw IpSpw-_-_-Ô- -sfbpw XI-cm-dn-em- p tpmen-bnâ aounb GÀs -S-cp-Xv. X -fpss D -c-hm-zn w t_m[y-ap-å-hsc am{xw Nm\-ep-IÄ ^oâuv dnt mà«nw-kn\p hns- Ww. \à s]cp-amä coxn, ]Iz-X, D -c-hm-zn- -t_m-[w, kmaq-ly- {]-Xn-_-²X F nh ]{X-{]-hÀ -IÀ v IqSntb Ign-bq. Imcy- Ä {Kln- msx FSp- p-nm-sp kz`m-hhpw Hgn-hm- -Ww. \à hyàn-_-ô- Ä, \à IpSpw-_-_-Ô- Ä, \à kaq-l-_-ô- Ä F n-h-bm-iww \½psS s]mxp-e- y- Ä. {]ikvx ]{X-{]-hÀ -I-\mb tej-i³ `mc-x-kà m-cnsâ {]kmà `mc-xn-bpss Ub-d-IvS-dm-Wv.

29 ImtXm-en-t äv ixm_vzn ssçlni ]mc-¼cyw \ne-\nà Ww: ]cn-ip² _mh ]n.-f. Ae-Ivkm- À amàt m½m Çolm-bpsS ]n³km-an-xzhpw At m-kvtxmeni ]n p-sà bpw Ah-Im-i-s -Sm³ AÀl-X-bpÅ C y-bnse ss{ikvx-h-k-`-bpss tziob kzmx-{ y- nsâ {]Xo-I-ambn ØnXn sn p sshzni tae-²y Øm\-amWv ImtXm-en-t - sä v ]cn-ip² ImtXm-en m _mh _tê-en-tbmkv amàt m½m ]utemkv ZznXo-b³ {]kvxm-hn- p. ae- -c- HmÀ -tumivkv k`-bpss ImtXm-en-t äv ixm_vzn BtLm-j- -fpss `mk-ambn \S- p ImtXm-en-t äv kvamci {]`m-jw ]c-¼-c-i-fpss DZvLm-S\w \nàæ-ln- p-i-bm-bn-cp p _mh. amà Genbm I o-{u-enâ tnà DZvLm-S\kt½-f-\- nâ sshzn-i- sk-an-\mcn {]n³kn-  ^m. tum. tp _v Ipcy³ apjy {]`m-jww \S- n. ]gb skan-\mcn amt\-pà ^m. Ipcym-t mkv kzmk-xhpw FIvkn-Iyp-«ohv FUn-äÀ ]n.-f. Ae-Ivkm- À \µnbpw ]d-ª p. \½psS ]nxm- - m-cpss XymK- nsâ ^e-am-bn-«mwv ImtXm-en-t äv Øm]n-X-am-b-sX p ]cn-ip² _mh {]kw-k- nâ HmÀ½n- n- p. AXnsâ ]ptcm-k-xn- mbn k`m a -sfãmw {]b-xv\n- -Ww. \½psS hnizm-k- nepw {]mà -\-bnepw XymK- nep-amwv ImtXm-en-t äv ]Wn-b-s -«n-«p-å-xv. aäp ]uckvxy k`-i-fn-se-t mse ]cm-{ibw IqSmsX k`bpss \nebpw \ne]mspw IuZm-inI Bh-iy- fpw `c-w-kzm-x- { yhpw A`n-am-\-I-c-ambn Im p-kq- n- p- -Xn\v Hcp ImtXmen-t m-tkäv A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-cp- p-sh p _mh Nq n- m-«n. A -c-samcp Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp- m³ ae- -c-k-`bv v Ah-Im-i-aps Imcy- nâ Hcp XÀ -hp-an-ã-. F mâ "ae- -c-k`m `mkpc³' ]cn-ip² h«-tè-cnâ amà Znh- m-kn-tbmkv ]nxm-hn-\mwv [oc-amb Cu ImÂhbv]v \S - m³ Ignª- X- v. AXv Hcp sszh\- n- tbmk- a- mb- nc- p - p. ae- -c-k-`-bpss \ne-\nâ n\pw A`yp- -Xn pw Bhiyw th ImtXm-en-t äns\ I nse IrjvW-a-Wn-t]mse Im p-kq- n- -W-sa p h«-tècnâ Xncp-ta\n At±-l- nsâ A y-iâ]-\-bnâ ]d-ª n-«p- v. Hcp kzx{ ImtXm-en-t -än³ Iogn-epÅ k`bv v AXnsâ `mhn-sb- än \à ZÀi-\hpw DÄ mgvnbpw {]Xo- -I-fp-am-Wp-ÅsX p _mh Xncp-ta\n hni-zo-i-cn- p. {InkvXp-hÀjw H mw \qäm v apxâ \ne-\nâ p- Xpw amàt m½m Çolm-bpsS ssçlni ]utcm-ln-xy, kphn-tij km y ]mc-¼-cy- n-ep-å-xp-amb ]pcm-x\k`-bmwv ae- -c-k-`sb p sshzni skan-\mcn {]n³kn-  tum. tp _v Ipcy³ apjy {]`m-j-w- nâ Nq n- m-«n. ]pcm-x\tdma³, t]àjy³ km{am-py- Ä v ]pd- m-bn-cp Hcp ss{ikvxh kaq-lsa \ne-bnâ, kzx-{ hpw Xt±-io-b-hp-amb k`m hyànxzw ae- -c-k- `-bv p- m-bn-cp- p. blq-zcpw blqz k -c-hn-`m-k- -fpw, \¼qXncn-amcpw {Zm-hn-Ucpw Bcy-K-W- -fpw, tkm{x-hn-`m-k- fpw A\mcy PmXn- mcpw FÃmw Cu amàt m-½³ amà - n-eqss {InkvXphnsâ shfn w ]IÀ -h-cm-sw p ^m. tum. tp _v Ipcy³ hni-zo-i-cn- p. tdma³, t]àjy³ km{am-py- -fnse ss{ikvx-hk`m kaq-l- n\v kulr-z-_-ô- fpw D m-bn-cp- p. C{]-Im-capÅ Hcp Xt±-io-IrX ss{ikvxh kwkvim-c-amwv ]Xn-\mdmw \qäm v hsc ae- -c-k-`-bv p- m-bn-cp- Xv, t]mà p-kokv B[n-]- Xy- nsâ ad-hnâ ]Xn-\mdmw \qäm-t mss ae- -c-k-`sb tdma³ It m-en m k`-bpss Iognepw e o³ ]mc-¼-cy- nsâ XS-h-dbnepw B m-\på {ia- Ä ià-am-bn. AXn-s\-Xn-sc-bpÅ t]mcm«w XpSÀ -bmbn aq p hntzi k`m-[n-]xy {ia- -tfm-spå t]mcm-«-amwv ae- -c-bnâ D m-b-xv. BZyw tdma³k`-tbm-sv, ]n osv s{]m«-ìâ v hnizm-k-t msv, HSp-hn- At ym-jy³ k`m tae-[n-im-c-t m-sv. ImtXm-en-t äv kvamci {]`m-jw ]c-¼-c-i-fpss DZvLm-S\w snbvxv ]cn._mh kwkm-cn- p- p. CS- p-\n v ]n.-f. Ae-Ivkm- À, ^m. tum. tp _v Ipcy³, bqlm-t\m-³ amà t]mfn-imà kv, -]p- qkv timà- F- n-kvtim, ^m. Ipcym-t mkv XpS nb-hà 1653 emwv Iq\³Ip-cniv kxyw D m-b-xv. `mcx-n-cn-{x- nâ hntz-im-[n-]-xy- n-s\-xn-sc-bpå BZys hn¹-h-am-bncp p AXv. Iq\³Ip-cniv kxy-s - p-sà v k`-bnâ ]e {]t m-`- fpw D m-hp-ibpw B kac ]c-¼-c-bpss Ah-km\w ImtXm-en-t äv Øm]-\- nepw 1934 se `c-w-l-s\m \nà½m-w- nepw kam-]n- pibpw snbvx 1934 se `c-w-l-s-\-bnâ bmt m-_mb hn`m-khpw H n«v k`-bnâ ]cn-]qà kam-[m\w D m-sb v tum. tp _v Ipcy-\- ³ ]d-ª p. amàt m½m Çolm-bn IqSn ae- -c-k-`bv v e`y-am-bn-«på ]utcm-lnxy ]n p-sà m ]qà X, At m-kvtxm-en-ihpw Xt±-iob-hp-amb ]pcm-x\k`m ss]xr-iw, kmàæ-{xni kp -l-tzm-kp-ifpss kxy-hn-izm-k- n-epå ASn-Øm-\w, apx-em-bh hyà-am- p Hcp kzxzzài\w `c-w-l-s-\-bnâ C\nbpw hyà-am- -Wsa p ^m. tum. tp _v Ipcy³ A`n-{]m-bs -«p. ae- -c-k`m `c-w-l-s-\-bpss ASn-Øm\XXz- Ä aqs - am-wv. kahmbxxzw, Xt±-io-b-Xbpw kmàæ-{xn-i-xbpw X½nepÅ s]mcp- w, F n-kvtim- -knbpw P\m-b- -co-xnbpw X½nepÅ k p-e\w Ch-sbÃmw ka-{k-ambn A]-{K-Yn v ]Tn- v ]pxnb \nàt±-i- Ä Dcp- n-cnª v k`-bnâ \S- m- -W-sa v A ³ hni-zo-i-cn- p. ae- c HmÀ -tumivkv kpdn-bm\n k` ImtXm-en-t äv ]p\xøm]\ixm_vzn BtLm-jt m-s-\p-_-ôn p \hw-_à 25 \v sim n assd³ ss{uhnâ \S- p ixm_vzn kwkaw hnp-bn- n- -W-sa p kzmkx {]kw-k- nâ ]g-b -sk-an-\mcn amt\-pà ^m. Ipcym-t mkv ]d-ª p. BI-am\k`m Iq«mbva ]cn-c- n- pw kziob kzmx{ yw ssihn-sm-sxbpw DÅ Hcp k`m hyh-øn-xn-sb-bmw ae- -c-k`m `c-w-l-s\ hyà-am- p- -sx pw ImtXm-en-t äv ]p\xøm]\ ixm_vzn BtLm-j- -fn-eqss k`bv v ]pxnb ZÀi-\- fpw ]²- Xn-Ifpw D m-i-w-sa pw ]n.-f. Ae-Ivkm- À IrX-ÚX AÀ n- p-sim v ]d-ª p. ae- -c-bnse FÃm ]Ån-I-fn-epw, skâ-dp-i-fn-ep-ambn 1500 ti{µ- -fnâ ImtXm-en-t äv kvamci {]`m-j-w- Ä \S- p- p- v. ImtXme- nt- äv kvamci {]`mj- W ]c¼- c- b- pss k`ms- nø- m\- - ne- på aq v k_v timþhmàunt- \t- äg- vknâ Hcmf- mwv teji- ³. 35

30 saât m aâ oktz- nsâ {Ia-{]-Im-c-apÅ {InkvXp]mc-¼cyw ^m. tum. txmwk tdm_n ]utcm-lnxy ip{iq-jbpss {]m[m-\y-s - p-dn v ]gb\nb-a- nepw ]pxn-b-\n-b-a- nepw shfn-s -Sp- p- p- v. ]g-b-\n-ba tehn ]utcm-lnxyw sszh- mâ Xnc-sª -Sp- -s «tehn hwi- n\v Bbn-cp-s - nâ ]pxn-b-\n-b-a- nâ B ]utcmln-xy- ns\ \o p-hm³ {InkvXp-hnsâ hc-thmss km[y-am- n-b- Xn-\m C på ]utcm-lnxy {Ias tnmzyw sn p- Xv B[p- \ni \ho-i-cw k`-i-fpss ]Tn- n- -ep-i-fnâ H m-wv. F mâ {InkvXp-hnsâ hc-thmss ]g-b-\n-ba tehn ]utcm-lnxyw \o n ]pxnb ]utcm-ln-xy-{i-as {InkvXp Øm]n p F -mwv thzh-n\w \s½ ]Tn- n- p- -Xv. {InkvXp-hnsâ ]utcm-lnxyw aâ oktz- n-tâ- Xp-t]m-se-bpÅ \nxy-]u-tcm-ln-xy-am-wv. ""\o aâ oktz- nsâ hn[- nâ Ft pw Hcp ]ptcmln-x³ F p btlmh kxyw snbvxp, A\p-X-]n- p-ibp-anã'' (k- o. 110: 4). {InkvXp-hnsâ ]utcm-ln-xy-s - p-dn v k oà -\- m-c³ ]d-bp Xv CXm-Wv. aâ oktz v Bcv F -Xn ]g-b-\n-b-a- nâ Dev] n ]pkvxiw 14:18-þ20 hsc-bpå hmiy- -fnâ C{]-Imcw ]d-bp p: ""imtew cmpm-hmb aâ oktz v A hpw hoª pw sim p-h- p; Ah³ AXyp- -X-\mb sszh- nsâ ]ptcm-ln-x-\m-bn-cp- p. Ah³ Ahs\ A\p-{K-ln p: kzà - n\pw `qan pw \my-\mbn AXyp- -X-\mb sszh- mâ A{_mw A\p-{K-ln- s Sp-am-dm-I-s«; \nsâ i{xp- sf \nsâ I nâ GÂ]n AXyp- -X-\mb sszhw kvxpxn- -s -Sp-am-dm-Is«F p ]d-ª p. Ah\v A{_mw ki-e- nepw Zimwiw simsp p'' CXnsâ ]Ým- -ew, A{_lmw I\m³ tzi p h p Xmakw Dd- n -t mä Xt±-i-hm-kn-I-fpambn Gäp-ap-t«- n-h- p. Xsâ ktlm-z-cs\ ]nsn- p-si«n sim pt]m-b-hsc ]cm-p-b-s -Sp n P\-s bpw k¼- p-i-sfbpw Ah³ as- n-s m- p-h- -t mä kw`-hn- -Xm-Wv. A{_-lm-ansâ ap¼nâ {]Xy- -s -Sp aâ oktz- nsâ t]cp-iä BZw apxâ A{_lmw hsc-bp-å-h-cpss hwim-h-en-ifnâ ImWp- n-ã. aâ oktz v A{_l-m-ansâ ap¼nâ hcp p F nepw ChnsS ]ptcm-lnx ZuXy-s - p-dnt m _en-bà -Ws - p-dnt m ]cm-aàin- s -Sp- n-ã. aâ oktz v ""imtew cmpmhv'' BWv F -Xnsâ AÀ w ""kam-[m-\- nsâ cmpmhv'' F m-wv. A{_lmw hnpbn p hcp-t¼mä Ah\v A hpw hoª pw simsp v A\p-{K-ln- n«v A{]Xy- -\m-ip- p. ]n osv Hcn-S pw aâ oktz- ns\ ImWp- n-ã. ]g-b-\n-b-a- nâ aâ ok-tz- n-s\- p-dn v asäm pw ]d-bp- nã F nâ ]pxn-b- \n-b-a- nâ F{_mb tej\ià mhv ]dbp- Xv {it²-bamwv: þ ""imtew cmpmhpw AXyp- -X-\mb sszh- nsâ ]ptcmln-x-\p-amb Cu aâ oktz v cmpm- - msc Pbn v as- n-hcp A{_-lm-ans\ FXn-tcäv A\p-{K-ln- p; A{_lmw Ah\v ki-e- nepw ] n-sem p simsp- p. Ahsâ t]cn\v BZyw \oxn-bpss cmpm-sh pw ]ns "imtew cmpmhv' F p-h- mâ kam-[m-\- nsâ cmpmhv F pw AÀ w. Ah p ]nxm-hnã amxm-hn-ã, hwim-h-en-bn-ã, Pohm-cw`hpw Pohm-h-km-\hpw CÃ. Ah³ sszh-]p-{x\v Xpey-\mbn Ft - pw ]ptcm-ln-x-\m-bn-cn- p p'' (F-{_m. 7:1þ3). ChnsS aâ oktz v "imtew cmpmhpw (ka- m[- m\- - nsâ cmpmh- v) AXyp- -X-\mb sszh- nsâ ]ptcmln-x-\pw, A{_-lm-ans\ A\p-{K-ln- -h-\pw, Zimwiw kzoi-cn- h\pw, ]nxm-hpw, amxm-hpw, hwim-h-en-bpw, BZn-bpw, A yhpw CÃm h\pw BIp p F v F{_mb tej\ià mhv ]db- p - p. Cu aâ oktz v {InkvXp-hnsâ \ng-embn ]g-b-\n-b-a- nâ ]d-bp p F nâ ]pxnb\nba- - nâ {InkvXp s]mcpf- mbn Xocp - p. PU-[m-cWw snbvx sszh]p-{x\p Xpey-\mbn A{_- lm-ansâ ap¼nâ {]Xy- -s «Cu aâ oktz v A{_-lmans\ A\p-{K-ln- p- Xv A -ho-ª p-iä sim m-wv. tbip- {InkvXp Xsâ ico-c-c-à- Ä Xcp- -Xnsâ apt m-sn-bmbn CXns\ ImWmw. sszh-]p-{x-\m-b-hsâ apt m-sn-bmbn {]Xy- - {InkvXp-hnsâ ] u t c m - l n X y A[n-Im-c- Ä C pw k`-bnâ XpS-cp- pt m? 36 s -Sp aâ oktz v alm-]p-tcm-ln-x\pw, ]ptcm-lnx `mk-amb Zimwiw kzoicn- -h\pw BIp- p. {InkvXphpw alm-]p-tcm-ln-xs\ v F{_mb tej\ià mhv ]d-bp p ""hnip² ktlm-z-c- msc, kzà ob hnfn v Hml-cn- m-cm-bp-tåm-sc, \mw kzoi-cn p ]dbp At m-kvtxm-e\pw alm-]p-tcm-ln-x-\p-amb {InkvXp-hns\ {i²n- p-t\m- p-hn³'' (3:1). {InkvXp At m-kvtxm-e\pw alm-]ptcm-ln-x-\p-am-ip p. Xsâ c -Wy-{]-hÀ -\- nsâ ] m-fn-ifmwv At m-kvtxm-e- mà. {InkvXp ]d-bp p: ""]nxmhv Fs Ab- -Xp-t]mse Rm\pw \n sf Ab-bv p p'' (tbml. 20:21). ]nxmhv Xs Ab- -Xp-t]mse Rm\pw \n sf At mkvtxm-e- mcpw alm-]p-tcm-ln-x- mcpw Bbn Abbv p p F m-wtãm AÀ w. Bb-Xn-\m AhcpsS ]n p-sà C pw k`-bnâ ]ptcm-lnx t\xr-xz- nsâ XpSÀ sb ià-ambn km n- p- p. A{_-lm-an\v sszhw ImWn- p-simsp aâ oktz- n-s\bpw A ho-ª p-i-sfbpw ]pxn-b-\nb-a- nâ tbip-{in-kvxp-hn-s\bpw {InkvXp Øm]n A -ho-ª p-i-fpss bmk-s bpw kqnn- n- p- p. {InkvXp-hnsâ ]utcm-lnxyw tbml- m-\nâ \n mwv F på Nn -sbbpw hne-bn-cp-t - -Xm-bn-«p v (B-Zym-Nm-cyXzw ssis m v F på Bcm-[-\m-Ko-Xw) ]g-b-\n-ba ]utcm-lnxyw {InkvXp-thmsS \o -s -«p. tbml- m³ kv\m]-i-\nâ \n v {InkvXp amtam-zokm kzoi-cn- -Xn-\m ]utcm-ln-xy-{iaw Ahkm-\n p F mwv \hoi-cwk`-iä ]d-bp- -Xv. F mâ ChnsS Nne Nn -IÄ IqsS \mw Adn-bWw. {InkvXp-hnsâ kv\m\w F v? tbml- m³ kv\m]-i³ \ÂIn-bXv am\-km- c kv\m\-am- Wv. CXv blq-z- m-cnâ Hcp henb hn`mkw kzoi-cn- n-cp- p. {InkvXphpw kv\m\w G p-hm³ sn -Xmbn (a- mbn 3:13-þ17) ]d-bp- p. tbml- m³ hnk-½-xn-s - nepw tbip Ah-t\mSv ""Ct mä k½-xn- ; C s\ kie \oxnbpw \nhà n- p- Xv \ap v DNnXw Xs '' F p ]d-ª p. kv\m\w \ÂIn-b-t mä ""Ch³ Fsâ {]nb ]p{x³ Ch-\n Rm³ {]km-zn- n-cn- p p F v kzà - nâ \n v Hcp i_vzhpw D m-bn''. hf-sc-b-[niw Bfp-IÄ kv\m\w Gäp F nepw C -c- n-epå AS-bm-f- -tfm, AZv`p-X- tfm D m-bn-ã. ]g-b-\n-b-a-im-es \ng-emb ]utcm-lnxyw tbml- m³ kv\m]i-\nâ \ne-\nâ p- p. Xsâ ]nxm-hmb kj-dn-bm-bnâ \n v Ah\p e`n- n-«på Ah-Im-i-am-W-Xv. tehn ]utcm-lnxyw tbml- m-\nâ F n-t À v Ah-\n Ah-km-\n- p- p. F mâ {InkvXp-hns\ ]ptcm-ln-x-\m- p-hm³ Cu kv\m\w Bhiy-am-bn-cp- p. ]gb \nb-a-im-e v Ic-]q-c-W-bm-Ktam aäv A\pjvTm-\- tfm \S- n-bmwv Hcmsf ]ptcm-lnx Øm\-t v DbÀ p- -Xv. {InkvXp P\n- Xv tehn tkm{x- n-e-ã, blqz tkm{x- n-em-wv. tehn Ipe- n\v Ah-Im-i-s «]ptcm-lnx [À½w blqz tkm{x- n-ep-å-h\v F s\ e`n pw? {InkvXphnsâ ]utcm-ln-xy- n\v kzoim-cyx- In«-W-sa- nâ AXn\v GsX- nepw AwKo-Imcw e`n- -Ww. F{_mb tej-\- n-emwv CXn-\pÅ adp-]sn e`n- p- -Xv. ""\ymb-{]-amww _e-lo\a\pjysc alm-]p-tcm-ln-x- m-cm- p- p. \ymb-{]-am-w- n\v ]n¼på BW-bpsS hn-\tam Ft pw XnI-ª h-\mbnxoà ]p{xs\ ]ptcm-ln-x-\m- p p'' (F{_m. 7:28) \ymb-{]-amw {]Im-c-apÅ bmk- fpw (I-c-]q-c-W-bmKw þ tehn ]pkvxiw 8þmw A²ym-bw) \S- p-t¼mä Hcp hyàn ]ptcm-ln-x-\mbn Xocp- p. F mâ aâ oktz- nsâ hn[- nâ \nxy-]p-tcm-ln-x-\mb {InkvXp-hns\ aäm-tc-bpw-t]mse ]utcm-lnxy ]Z-hn-bn-te v DbÀ p- -Xpt m? D v. AXn-\pÅ apjm- -c-am-bn-cp p tbml- msâ ASp- p-å -kv\m-\w. F{_mb tej\ià mhv ]d-bp ""BWb- pss hn\w'' F mâ sszhh- N\w F mw- À a- m - p - X- v. {InkvXp-hnsâ alm-]p-tcm-lnx ]Z-hn-bpsS {]Jym-]\w \ymb-{]- amw N«- Ä A\p-kcn- -Ã, sszh- nsâ t\cn-«på hn\w aqew Ønco-I-cn- -s -Sp p F v F{_mb tej\ià mhv ]d-bp- p.

31 saât m Cu BW-bpsS hn-\-amwv {InkvXp-hnsâ kv\m\ka-b v \S- p- -Xv. ""Ch³ Fsâ {]nb ]p{x³, Ch-\n Rm³ {]km-zn- n-cn- p p'' F sszh-h-n\w Ahs\ alm-]p-tcm-ln-x-\mbn temi- n\v shfn-s -Sp- p- p. AXn-\m Cu kv\m\w {InkvXp-hns\ kw_-ôn- n-s-t mfw Hgn- p-iq-sm³ ]msn-ãm- -Xm-bn-cp- p. ""Xm³ \ymb-{]-am-ws \o p-hm-\-ã, \nhà n- m-\t{x h Xv'' F Xsâ hn\w \nd-th-äp-i-bmwv {InkvXp snbvx-xv. tbml- m³ hsc F nb tehn ]utcm-lnxyw Ahkm-\n- p- Ibpw aâ oktz- nsâ {Ia- n-epå ]pxnb\nba ]utcm-ln- Xy- n\v Al-tdm\y ]utcm-lnxyw hgn-amdn simsp- pibpw snbvxp. Zmho-Zn\v sszhw simsp hmkvzm\ {]Imcw C{k-tb Krl- nsâ knwlm-k-\- n-en-cn- m³ Zmho-Zn\v Hcp ]pcp-j³ CÃmsX hcn-i-bn-ã...'' (bn-c. 33:17, 18) F m-wv. ]n osv ""IÀ mhmb sszhw Ahsâ ]nxm-hmb Zmho-Znsâ knwlm-k\w Ah\v simsp pw'' F v (eqt m 1:32) I\y-I-a-dn-bm-an-t\mSv amemj ]dbp- p. Cu hmkvzm\w \nd-th-äp- Xv {InkvXp-hn-em-Wv. Zmho-Znsâ ]n³km-anxzhpw ]utcm-lnxy ]n³km-an-xzhpw kqcy-\pw, N{µ-\pw, DÅ-Im-e-t mfw \ne-\nâ pw F m-wv hmkvzm\w. Zmho-Znsâ knwlm-k-\- nsâ ]n³km-an-bmbn tbip-hns\ ImWp- -Xpt]mse ]utcm-ln-xy- nsâ ]n³km-an-bmbpw tbip-{in-kvxphns\ ImW-Ww. BW-bpsS hn-\- n-eqss {InkvXp-hnsâ ]utcm-lnxyw shfn-s -Sp- Xv \ymb-{]-am-w- nsâ ]qà o-i-c-w-am-bm-wv. ChnsS apxâ tehn ]utcm-ln-xy-a-ã, aâ oktz- nsâ {Ia- nepå \nxy-ambn \ne-\nât ]utcm-ln-xy-am-wv, temim-h-km\w hsc XpS-tc- Xpw. tbip-{inkvxp { I n k v X p X s â alm-]p-tcm-ln-x-\pw, ]nxmhmw sszh- i n j y m À v nsâ At m-kvtxm-e-\p-am-sw v \ÂInb A-\p{K-l- F{_mb tej\w km n- p- p. Cu Ä C v sszh-p-\- A[n-Im-c-amWv {InkvXp injy- msc n\v e`n- p- Xv Ab-bv p-t¼mä \ÂIp- Xpw ]n p-scp- -Xpw. aâ oktz- nsâ ]utcmj-bnâ q-sn-bm-wv ]utcm-ln-xy- ip-{iqlnxyw tbml- msâ Cu {]hr- nbmâ Dd- n- p-i-bm-bn-cp p (]-cn-ip²mßm-hnsâ \Âhcw taâ -«- mc³ hgn \ÂIp- -Xp-t]mse þ tbml- m³ Hcp apjm- -c-am-bn- oà p.) \ng-emb Al-tdm\y ]utcm-ln-xy- n-sâbpw s]mcp-fmb aâ nktz v ]utcm-ln-xy- nsâbpw DS-a-Øm-h-Imiw tbip- {In-kvXp-hn\p- v. AXyp- -X-\mb sszh- nsâ ]ptcm-ln-x³ aâ oktz v A{_lm-ansâ ap nâ h -Xn\p tijw ho pw {]Xy - s- S- p - nã-. {InkvXp ]qà a- \- - pj- y\pw ]qà s- szhh- pa- m- Wv. ]qà X aâ oktz- nsâ {Ia-{]-Im-c-apÅ ]utcm-ln-xy- n-em-wv. Cu ]utcm-lnxy A[n-Im-c- Ä Xsâ injy- msc Gev]n- p-sim-sp- p. Ah-cpsS ssish n-\mâ Cu ]Z-hn-IÄ k`bnâ C pw XpS-cp- p. Cu \Âhcw kzoi-cn- p- hà mwv ]utcm-lnxy \Âh-chpw Ah-Im-ihpw DÅ-Xv. Zimwiw kzoi-cn- p-hm³ ]ptcm-lnx KW- n-\mwv Ah-Imiw (1 ]t{xmkv 2:9 {]Im-cw, FÃm-hcpw ]ptcm-ln-x- m-cm-sw- nâ þ NneÀ Ah-Im-is -Sp- -Xp-t]mse þ ]ptcm-ln-x-k-w- nâ \n v Zimwiw kzoi-cn- mtam?) ]utcm-lnxyw kzbw {]Jym-]n- p-hm³ Ign-bn-Ã. {InkvXp-hnsâ ]utcm-lnxy \Âh-cw-t]mepw kzà w Xpd v AwKo-I-cn- -s -«-Xm-Wv. Bb-Xn-\m ]utcm-lnxy \Âhcw {InkvXp-hnsâ \Âh-c- nsâ ]n p-sà -bm-wv. AXn-\mbn thàxn-cn- -s «hn`m-k-amwv ]utcm-ln-xy-øm-\n-iä. AhÀ v e`n- n-cn- p \Âhcw IÀ mhv injy- mà v \ÂInb aâ oktz- nsâ {Ia-{]-Imcw {InkvXp \ÂIn-b-Xm-Wv. AXnsâ ]n p-sà C pw k`-bnâ \ne-\nâ p- p. \ymb-{]-amww ]qà n-bm n Xsâ cà- mâ hos -Sp- -s «sszh-p-\- n\v C pw, {InkvXp injy- mà v \ÂInb A\p-{K-l- fpw \Âh-c- fpw XpSÀ p-sim- n-cn- p- p. If-a-tÈcn skâ v tpmàpv HmÀ -tumivkv ]Ån kl-hn-im-cnbpw tim«bw _tk-en-tbmkv timtf-pnâ Ncn-{X-hn-`mKw A²ym-]-I-\p-amWv tej-i³. Iq\³ Ipcn-insâ a nâ kt m-j- ³ a«m-t cn Ncn-{X- n-tâbpw kwkvim-c- n-tâbpw ASn-Øm-\- nâ A`n-am-\n- p-hm³ Gsd-h-I-bpÅ ae c HmÀ -tumivkv k` ImtXm-en-t -änsâ ixm_v-zn-bnâ k`-bpss kzmx-{ y-k-a-c-amb Iq\³ Ipcniv kxy-t mspw AXn\v t\xrxzw simsp ]nxm- - m-tcmspw DÅ kvac-w- mbn a«m-t cn ]gb kpdn-bm\n ]ÅnbpsS ]p\-cp-²m-cw {]hà -\- Ä ]ptcm-k-an- p p. At\Iw k`m-n-cn-{x-kw-`-h- Ä v km yw hln- n-«på Cu tzhm-ebw i{i-å- a-{^n-bm-\-bmâ Øm]n-X-am-Wv. a«m-t -cnbnse Cu tzhm-e-b- n\v k`-bpss Ncn-{X- nâ AXp-ey-amb Øm\-am-Wp-Å-Xv. hyh-lm-c- fpw aäv Imc-W- fpw aqew th co-xn-bnâ CXns\ kwc- n- p-hm³ k`bv v km[n- n-ã þ i{i-å- a-{^n-bm\ ImewsNbvXXpw Cu tzhm-e-b- nâ h m-wv. Iq\³Ip-cniv kxyw \S a«m-t -cn-bnse ae- -c-k-`-bpss GI tzhm-e-bhpw CXp-X-s. sim n-bnâ k`bv v ] ne[niw tzhme-b- Ä Ds - nepw Gähpw ]pcm-x\tzhm-ebw a«m-t cn ]Ånbm-Wv. a«m-t cn F p tiä p-t¼mä k`m-a- Ä A\p-`-hn thz- \-Ifpw bmx-\-ifpw HmÀ½-bn HmSnsb pw. hntz-im-[n-]-xy- ns\-xnsc A pw C pw k` henb hne simsp-t - -Xmbn h n- «p- v. ]e Imcy- -fnepw \mw A`n-am-\n- p-t¼mgpw `qx-im-es hnkva-cn v `mhnimes Icp]nSn- n- p-hm³ km[n- p-i-bnã, F kxyw ad pt]mi-cp-xv. ].- k-`-bpss t\cn-«på \nb-{ -W- nepå- Hcp Iu knensâ t\xr-xz- nâ CXnsâ ]p\-cp-²m-cw {]hà -\- Ä \S- p-sim- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. {]mcw-`-ambn ]Ån-bpsS A[o-\-X-bn-ep- Å- Ø-e v {]hà n- n-cp IS-I-fpw- ho-sp-ifpw kam-[m-\-nà bneqss Hgn- n v ]Ån-bpsS A[o-\-X-bn-em- n. AXv Hcp sszhni \S- n- mbn ImWp- p. At\-I-hÀj- -fmbn \ne-\n- n-cp hyh-lm-c- Ä mwv AtXmsS Ah-km-\-am-b-Xv. XpSÀ v {]hà -IÀ v Xma-kn- p-hm\på- Hcp si«n-s nsâ \nà½mwhpw ]nxm- - mà ]Wn-I-gn- n tzhm-e-b- nsâ ]p\-cp- ²m-cW {]hà -\- fpw \S- p-sim- n-cn- p- p. tzhm-e-b- n-sâ ]qà oi-c-whpw {]hà -IÀ v Xma-kn- p-hm-\på si«n-s- n-sâbpw ]Wnbpw ixm-_vzn-tbmss ]qà o- I-cn- p-hm³ B{K-ln- p- p. I¼nbpw tim {Io-äp-ap-]-tbm-Kn- msx ]pcm-x-\-amb ssien-bnâ bps\kvs m AwKo-I-cn kmt -XnI hnzy-bnâ ]gb azv_-lmbpw `n nbpw \ne-\nà n-bp- Å- ]-Wn-I-fmWv Ct mä \S- p-sim- n-cn- p- -Xv. k`mncn-{x-]-camb ayqkn-bhpw XoÀ ms- I- À v Xmak kuic- yhpw D mt- I - n- bnc- n - p - p. temi- nsâ hnhn[ `mk- -fnâ \n v At\Iw hntzi k m-cn-iä kµàin- p kn\-tkm-kv, U v sim«m-cw, Pbn³ ss¼n-ä, PqX Su, U v skan-t -cn, _o v F o Øe- -tfmsv tnà p-in-s- p tzhm-e-b- nsâ ]p\-cp-²m-c-w-t mss temi- {i-²b- nt- e v k`b- pss bikv Dbcpw F X- nâ XÀ a- nã-. hnt\mz- - k- mc ti{µ- -fmâ BIr-jvS-am-b- C-hnsS 60 skâ v Øe- mwv tzhm-ebw ØnXn-sN- p- Xv. Iq\³Ip-cniv kxy-s bpw AXn\v t\xrxzw simsp ]nxm- - mscbpw ASp Xe-apd ad- m-xn-cn- p-hm³ k` Gsä- Sp kwcw-`-am-wn-xv. ]qàæ-]n-xm- - m-tcm-spå Kpcp-Xzhpw _lpam-\hpw k` {]I-S-am- p-i-bm-wv. k`ma Ä v Dt -jhpw ssnx-\yhpw D m-ip Hcp Øe-ambn ChnSw Bbn- o-c-ww. sszh-\n-tbmkw Gäp-hm- nb Cu Øehpw tzhm-e-bhpw k`m-a- Ä v Hcp iàn-t{km-x-êmbn XocWw F m-in- p- p. `mhn-bnâ Bßob shfn w k`m a Ä v {]Zm\w sn p-hm³ Cu kwcw`w CS-bm-I-Ww. Bb-Xn- \mbn Ghcpw {]mà n- p-i, kl-i-cn- p-i. IqSp-X hnh-c- Ä v:

32 hnizmk kxy- Ä hn. IpÀ_m\: Hcp- ]-T\w hn. IpÀ_m-\-bnse [q]-{]mà -\-IÄ s{]m^. txmakv ]n. hà okv Ignª e - nâ hm n-t mb ]cn-ip-²- mà, BNmcy t{ijvt- mà F n-h-cpss \ma- n-epå Ip n-entbms\ pdn p ]Tn- p. Cu e - nâ hm n-t mb hnizmkn-isf HmÀ på Ip n-en-tbm-s\- p-dn v {]Xn-]m-Zn- m³ B{K-ln- p- p. \mw Be-]n- p KoX- -fpss AÀ hpw Bghpw a\-ên-em- m³ hn. IpÀ_m\{Iaw IqSn ssihiw hbv p Xv {]tbm-p-\-icw Bbn-cn- pw. \mw F n-\mwv hm n-t mb hnizm-kn-iä p th n {]mà n- bpw Ah-cpsS \ma- nâ [q]- {]mà \ \S- p-ibpw sn p- Xv? \mw ]e-t mgpw acn- -hà p th n {]mà n- Ww F p ]d-bm-dp- v. HmÀ -tumivkv hnizm-k-{]-imcw Hcp hnizmkn acn- p-t]msb p ]d-bp- Xv icn-bã; hm n- t mbn F p ]d-bp- -XmWp icn. ImcWw hm n-t m-ip-isb p ]d-ª mâ Hcp Øe- p-\n p asäm-cn-s-t p amdpi F m-wv. \½psS hnizm-k-{]-imcw hm n-t m-b-hà Xnc-Èo-ebv v A pdw kpohcpw {InkvXob hnizm-k- nâ XpS-cp- hcp-am-wv. tbml. 11-:25, 26  \mw C{]-Imcw hmbn- p p ""F nâ hniz-kn- p- h³ acn- mepw Pohn- pw. Pohn- ncp v F nâ hniz-kn- p- -h³ Bcpw Hcp-\mfpw acn- -bn-ã.'' Bßmhv ico-c- nâ\n p thàs]-«mepw sszhs {]km-zn- n- p-hm³ B{K-ln- p p. hn. ]utemkv Çolmbpw C{]-Imcw km n- p p; ""AXp-sIm v ico-c- nâ hkn- mepw icocw hn«mepw R Ä Ahs\ {]km-zn- n- p-hm³ B{K-ln- p p'' (2 simcn. 5:9) sszhs {]km-zn- n- p-hm³ sszh-ir] Bh-iyam-WtÃm. B sszh-ir] AhÀ p e`n- p-hm-\mwv \mw hm n- t m-b-hà v th n {]mà n- p- -Xv. IqSmsX hm n-t mb Bßm- Ä FÃmw ]p\-cp- m-\- nsâ \mäh-scbpw hfà -bpssbpw ip²o-i-c-w- n-sâbpw Ah-Ø-bn-em-Wv. A -kvtxm-e- \mb ]utemkv 1 sxê. 5:23  C{]-Imcw DZvtLmjn- p p; ""kam-[m-\- nsâ sszhw \n sf apgp-h\pw ip²o-i-cn- s«; \n -fpss Bßmhpw {]mw\pw ico-chpw IÀ m-hmb tbip-{inkvxp-hnsâ hc-hnâ Ipä-a-ä-Xmbn ]qà -X-tbmsS Im -s -Sp-am-dm- Is«.'' C{]-Imcw hm n-t mb Bßm- Ä hnip-²o-i-cn- -s «- hcpw, Ipä-a-ä-h-cp-ambn IÀ m-hnsâ c m-as hc-hnâ ImWs -Sp-hm-\m-bn-«mWv \mw AhÀ p th n {]mà n- -W-sa p k` ]Tn- n- p- -Xv. HmÀ -tumivkv Bcm-[-\-bpsS aip-s-amwv hn. IpÀ_m-\. Cu Bcm-[-\-bn Pohn- n-cn- p hnizm-kn-i-fpw, hm n-t mb hnizm-kn-ifpw H p-t]mse kw_-ôn- p- p. Cu Ah-k-c- nâ Pohn- n-cn- p hnizm-kn-iä hm n-t mb hnizm-kn-iä p-th- n-bpw, hm n-t mb hnizm-kn-iä \ap- p th nbpw sszht msp {]mà n- p- p. Cu Iq«mb {]mà \ Hcp kpk-ô-[q-]- ambn sszh-k- n-[n-bn-te v Db-cp- p. Cu ]Tn- n- -ensâ ASn- Øm-\- n-emwv hn. IpÀ_m-\-bn hm n-t mb hnizm-kn-iä p th n {]txyi [q]-{]mà \ AW-bv p- -Xv. hm n-t m-b-hà p th n-bpå Ip n-en-tbm³ (AIvZ-admtlw) hm n-t m-b-hà p th n-bpå Ip nen-tbm³ Bcw-`n- p- -Xn\p ap³]v ]«- m-c³ ]Sn-ª mdp h v ""Fsâ ktlm-z-c- mcpw Fsâ hmõey-`m-p-\- -fpta F\n p th n \n Ä {]mà n- p-hn³'' F p ]dª v ip_p-t mt\m tnmzn- p- p. XpSÀ v Xnc-Èoe CSp- p. Ct mä Xnc-Èoe F ns\ kqnn- n- p p? F) kzà m-tcm-l-w- n\p tijw IÀ- mhv AZr-iy-\mbn F pw _n) Xsâ c m-as hchv hsc k` IÀ m-hn\p th n Im n-cn- -W-sa pw kn) Xsâ c m-as hc-hn\p ap¼v kqcy-n-{µ-\- -{X- - [q]mà Ww fpss {]Imiw Ccp- p-t]m-ip-sa pw (hn. a mbn 24:29) kqnn- n- p-hm-\m-bn-«mwv ad (Xn-c-Èo-e) CSp- -Xv. ad C«-Xn\p tijw hm n-t m-b-hà p th n-bpå Ip n-en-tbm³ Bcw-`n- p- p. s]xvtkmam þ k oà \w 103: 13-þ15 a -fn-e- ³ Ir] snbvhxp-t]mse... lmte-ep m... ]q p- nxp hb-enâ ]qþs Sn-t]m-se, _msd-ivtamà. (Hcp ]nxmhv Xsâ a -fnâ Ir] snmcn-bp- -Xp-t]mse kzà ob ]nxm-hmb sszhw Xsâ `à- m-cnâ Ir]sNm-cnbpw. Cu `qan-bnse a\p-jysâ PohnXw C p I v \msf hmsp hb-ense ]pãns\t]mse-bm-wv. ]«- m-c³. ip_-tlm... P\w : sa\hmew... FIvt_m icw- mse \n³ Ir]-bnÂ... I_-do- p-zym-\- n-\mbv kvxua³ timtemkv Ipdn-tb-em-bn-tÊm³ (\nsâ Ir]-bn B{i-bn v I_-d-S- n-bn«på \nsâ Zmk- msc \nsâ Pohsâ i_vz- mâ I_-dn \n p DWÀ n kzà - nte v \bn-t -W-sa.) timtem-iä (1) c -Is\ \n³ Km{Xt ` n pw \n³... AWn-tbWw \ns t\m p- -h-cnâ Im n. _msd-ivtamà (c- -I-\mb avinlm, \nsâ Xncp-i-co-chpw Xncp-c-àhpw ` n v ]m\w snbvxv \ns t\m n ]mà n-cn- p R -fpss acn- p-t]mb Bßm- sf Pohn- n v tim`-b-wn-bn- n-t -W-sa.) (2) arxsc Pohn- m-s\-gp-s Åpw cmpm... A n-b-wn-sª -Xn-tc-ev]m-\mbv t]mbo-sp- p. samdn-tbm... (hm- n-t mb Bßm- sf Pohn- n- m-\mbn BIm-i-ta-L- - fnâ BtLm-j-]qÀÆw Fgp-s -Ån-h- -cp cmpmth! \nsâ Iml-f- nsâ i_vzw ti«n«v \b-hm- mà ]pxp-hkv{xw [cn v \ns FXn-tc p-hm³ hcp- p.) (3) Dbn-tc-Ip-t m³ cmpmþ hpb-c- nâ \ns -gp-s Ån... Dbn-tcIpw \nþs kvxpxn snbvxo-sp- p. þ _msd-ivtamà (Po-h³ \ÂIp avinlm cmpmhv kzà - nâ \n p Fgps Ån acn- -h-cmb GhÀ pw Poh³ \ÂIp- p. AhÀ I_-dp-Ifn \n p DbnÀs -gp-t äv Poh³ \ÂInb \ns kvxpxn sn p- p.) ]«- m-c³: ip_-tlm... Fsâ icocw ` n s ³ càw ]m\w snbvtxm³... F pw IÀ m þ X -cp-fn p al-xzw. þ sam-dn-tbm... (Fsâ icocw ` n- p-ibpw Fsâ càw IpSn- p-ibpw snbvx Bscbpw Rm³ ]mxm-f- nâ t]mim³ A\p-h-Zn- p-i-bnsã- pw, Rm³ acn- Xv Ahsc Pohn n- m-\m-sw pw Acp-fnb IÀ m-hn\v al-xzw) (4) \mym Xmh-I-ao-cp-temþ Iw... Im ³]m apàn arxàt I _msd-ivtamà 38

33 hnizmk kxy- Ä (c p temi- -fnepw Xsâ A[n-Imcw ]peà p \mym, \nsâ Éo_m-bm Pohn- n-cn- p- -hsc Icp-W-tbmsS Im pibpw, acn- -hà v tam w \ÂIpIbpw snt -Wsa!.) ]«- m-c³ : ip_vtlm... kvtxm{xw arx-po-h-{]-z-þt\!... dqlmbv pw lmte-ep- m... samdn-tbm... (acn- -hà p Poh³ \ÂIp- -h-\pw, Ahsc I_-dnÂ\n pw DbÀ n- p- h\pta! \ns Ab ]nxm-hn\pw ]cn-ip² dqlmbv pw kvtxm{xw) t_mhqtkm 1. acaxn-\p-bsc IÀ mth... acn-t mcpw ssis m- o-tsww (IÀ mth Ipcn-ip-a-c- nâ h v IÅ\p \nsâ \Âh-c- mâ ]m]-tam-n\w e`n- -Xp-t]m-se, {XnXzs ]msn ]pigv nb R -fpss acn- p-t]mb GhÀ pw ]m]-tam-n\w \ÂtI- Wsa!) 2. X³a-c-W- mâ þ ac-ws... ASn-bmsc ]qgn-t -ä-w-sa. (Xsâ ac-w- mâ acws Pohn- n sszh-]p-{xm, R sf Cu ]qgn-bnâ \n p Fgp-t  n v \ns kvxpxn- m³ iàn \evti-w-sa.) Éo_m-bpsS Ip n-en-tbm³ hn. IpÀ_m-\-bn km[m-cw hm n-t m-b-h-cpss Ip n-entbm-t\m-sp-iqsn [q]-{]mà \ Ah-km-\n- p- p. FÃm Rmb-dmgvN-Ifnepw Éo_m-bpsS Ip n-en-tbm³ snmãm-dn-ã. shån-bmgvn \a-kvim-c n-epw, Éo_m-sb- p-dn v HmÀ p kµà`- -fnepw. Ipcn-in³sXm-«n-bn [q]-{]mà \ \S- p Ah-k-c- nepw Éo_m-bpsS Ip n-en-tbm³ snmãp- p. C{]-Imcw Éo_msb hµn- p -Xnsâ Imc-W- Ä? a\p-jy-cm-in-bpss c km[y-am-bxv IÀ m-hnsâ {Iqip-a-c-Ww-aq-e-am-Wv. hn.-{xn-xz nâ c m-a-\mb ]p{x³ X¼p-cm³ þ ]m]w CÃm- -h³ þ a\p-jy-\mbn Cu temi- nâ P\n v IjvSX A\p-`-hn vþ{iqip-acww kzbw kzoi-cn v a\p-jy-cm-in p ]m]-tam-n\w \ÂIn-bXv Éo_m-bn IqSn-bm-Wv. CXn\p ]p{x³ X¼pcms\ t{]cn- n- Xv a\p-jy-hà -t m-spå AXpey kvt\lw am{x-am-wv. Cu kvt\ls \mw kzmwio-i-cn- p-i-bpw, {Iqinse bmks AwKo-I-cn- p-ibpw IÀ mhns\{]xn Ipcnipw IjvS-Xbpw hln- p-hm-\på k -²X {]I-Sam- p-ibpw sn p- -Xnsâ {]Xo-I-am-bn-«mWv Éo_msb \mw BZcn- p- -Xv. sszhhpw a\p-jy\pw, kzà hpw `qan-bpw, a\p-jy\pw a\pjy\pw X½n-epÅ kplr-zv_-ô- nsâ ZÀi-\-ambn Ipcniv ØnXn-sN- p- p. Al- mcw \o n hn\-b- n-sâbpw tkh-\- nsâbpw D a amxri Ipcn-in ZÀin- p- p. Cu Ipcn-ins\ BZcn-t - Xv Hmtcm {InkvXym-\n-bp-sSbpw [À½-am-Wv. Éo_m hnizm-kn-i-fpss c -bpss ASbm-f-amWv; km ms\-xn-cmb Bbp-[-am-Wv. Npcp- - nâ Éo_m hnizm-kn-i-fpss Imhepw tim«-bp-amwv. Cu hi Imcy- sf a\-ênâ I p-sim- mwv Hmtcm hnizm-knbpw Éo_msb hµn- p- -Xv. HmÀ tumivkv k` Éo_msb hµn- p- -Xn\v apjy-øm\w \ÂIp- p. AXnsâ Hcp sndnb DZm-l-c-W-amWv ZpxJsh-Ån-bm-gvN-bnse Éo_m hµ-\-hn\v hnizm-kn-iä H -S w snmãp {]mà \ ""R -fpss Bß- n\p c -bp- mb Éo_msb R Ä Ip¼n- Sp p; aviolm X¼p-cms\ \o Fgp-s -Ån-h-cp-t¼mÄ R -sfbpw HmÀt -W-sa p IÅt\m-Sp-IqSn R fpw snmãp- p''. Cu hn[- nâ Éo_msb hµn- p Hcp kaq-l-amwv HmÀ t- UmIvkv k` F X- nâ \ap v A`na- m\- n - mw. taâ -dª Imcy- -sf- p-dn v HmÀ v, [ym\n v thww, hnizm-kn-iä Éo_m-bpsS Ip n-en-tbm\nâ ]s -Sp-t - -Xv. s]xvtkmam - þ k oà \w 44:5þ7 shãpw i{xp- sf \n mâ R Ä þ lm... HmÀ tumivkv k` Éo_msb BZ-cn- p Xv F p-sim v? i{xp- sf eön- n- p. _msd-ivtamà (\nsâ Éo_-bm R Ä i{xp- sf Pbn pw; Éo_m-bpsS \ma- nâ hntzz-jn-isf XIÀ pw. FXn-cm-fn-I-fnÂ\n pw \nsâ Éo_m R sf kwc- n- -Xn-\m i{xp- Ä eön-x-cmbn XoÀ p.) ip_-tlm... sa\-hmew FIv_m Éo_m-sh p: shãp- p... Éo_m-bm-Is«tIm«. (Éo_m hnp-bn p; i{xp- -fpss taâ hnpbw ssihcn- p- p. Éo_msb km n- p- -hà v Éo_m Imhepw tim«-bp-am-bn-cn- - s«) timtem-iä 1. aq mw awn-bn-ep-sa-t -c pw hµn p pþpoh-éo-_msb... cmhpw ]Iepw ZpjvS-s\bpw ssk\y-s bpw ]mbn-þ- Xp Im o-sp- p. aq mw awn t\c p am{x-aã FÃm Ime- -fnepw bma- -fnepw R Ä Éo_msb hµn- p- p. Poh³ \ÂIp Éo_msb R Ä s\än-bnâ hc-bv p- p. AXv R Ä v A`-bhpw kt X- h- pa- mw- v. Éo_m ZpjvSs- \bpw Ahsâ ssk\y-s bpw ]em-b\w sn n v R sf Im p-sim-åp- p.) _sd-ivtamà. ip_-tlm... hn`-pn- m-gnsb ssk\y ka w hsn-bmâ aqim... hgn-im-«nb ainlm [\y³ (b-tlmh tamibv p \ÂInb hsn-bpss iàn-bmâ ISens\ c mbn `mkn v bn{km-tbâ P\s AXn qsn bm{xsn- m³ klm-bn- -Xp-t]mse IÀ m-thip ainlm Xsâ Éo_m-bpsS iàn-bmâ ]mxmfw Xpd vv arx-cm-bn-cp hsc I_-dnÂ\n pw ]dp-zo-k-bn-te v Itcän Pohsâ hgn-im-«nb (ain-lm) \o hmgv -s -«-h-\m-ip- p. 2. Éo_msb hµn- m-\mbv þ tlte\n cmún... lmte-ep m þ F -h-cpc snbvxp. (IÀ m-hns\ Xq nb Éo_msb Is n AXns\ hµn- m-\mbn tlte\o cmún cmp-]p-cn-bmb tdmam ]«- W- nâ\n pw bcp-i-te-anâ F n, bqz- msc hnfn- p- Iq«n (IÀ m-hns\ {Iq-in- ) Éo_m Fhn-sS-sb p ImWn- p-sim-sp- m³ Bh-iy-s -«-t mä Ah-cpsS CSbn Hcp {]apj hyàn-bp-s pw Ah-t\mSv tnmzn- mâ ain-lmsb Xq nb Éo_m Ccn- p Øew ImWn- p-x-cp-sa- p-ahà ]d-ª p) _msd-ivtamà. ip_-tlm... lmte-ep- m. A½m-\p-th tzth-i³ þ Xcp-hn Xq n... lmte-ep m IjvS-a-hÀs pw (A½m-\p-th-emb sszh-]p-{x³ Ipcn-in Xq n kàæ-ià- \mb sszh- nsâ hoc-\mb ]p{x-³ Xe-Xmgv n acn- p. Xsâ Bßm-hns\ am{xw Ipcn-in ssihn-«p. F mâ Xsâ kmcmwiw ico-c- nâ hkn- p. \nêmc-amb a\p-jy-po-h³ Ipcn-in thàs]- «p.-d- -X\mb sszhs Ipcn-in Xq nb bqz- msc \n Ä F m-fpw -hn-e-]n- pi. \n Ä p lm IjvSw!) t_mhqtkm Éo_m-hmgpI kzàk nâ... s Ãm-am-I-Wta tim«(éo_m kzà - nepw `qan-bnepw hmgv -s -Sp-am-dm-I-s«. Éo_m ]Ån-IÄ pw Zb-dm-IÄ pw tim«-bm-bn-cn- -s«.) tbcp-itew tkmkpâ m-bnâ... arx-tc-do-kvtxm{xw ]msn (sb-cp-i-te-anse tkmkpâ m-bnâ {Iqin Xq -s «ainlm X¼p-cms\ \n\ p kvtxm{xw. \nsâ i_vz- mâ ]md- IÄ ]nfà p, acn- hà DbnÀs -gp-t äp \n\ p kvtxm{xw ]msn) (Xp-Scpw) 39

34 HmÀ -tumivkn k` G-Iw, hn-ip²w, Im-tXm-enIw, A-t m-kv-txmeniw tum. bqlm-t\m³ amà Zn-b-kv-tIm-tdm-kv sa{xm-t m-eo HmÀ tum-ivkv hnizm-k-s - än snss `{Zm-k\ sa{xm-s m-eo tum. bqlm-\m³ amà Znb-kvtIm-tdmkv Fgp-Xp ]c-¼c Bcw-`n p p. HmÀ- -tum-iv-kv F \maw Ortho + doxa F- o c p ]-Z- -fnâ \n- m-wv h-cp- Xv. Ortho F mâ t\-sc-bp-åxv, i-cn-bmbxv, k-xy-am-bxv, kv-xp-xn snm-æm- -s «-Xv F-s ms -bm-wà- w. Doxa F- -Xn\v glory, a-l-xzw, hn-izmkw, amà- w Fs ms AÀ- w \Â-Imw. Cu co-xn-bnâ HmÀ- -tum-iv-kv F -Xn-\v t\-sc-bp-å hn-izmkw, i-cnbm-b a-l-xzw, c- -bv- p-x-ip- hnizmkw, k-xy-ap-å amà w, kv-xp-xn snmæm- -s -«hn-izm-kw F n -s\ hnhn-[ AÀ- Ä \Â-Im-hp- -Xm-Wv. a-e- -c HmÀ- -tum-iv-kv kp-dn-bm-\n k` G-Ihpw hn-ip-²hpw Im-tXm-en-Ihpw At mkv-txm-en-i-hpam-b ]u-cm-wn-i k`-bmwv. hn. th-z-]p-kv-x-i- nâ k`-sb- p-dn- v {]-Xn-]m-Zn- n-cn- p- FÃm \nà-æ-n-\- fpw hn-ti-j-w fpw b-ym-hn-[n Im- p-]-cn-]m-en- psim -v {XntbI ssz-h- n-sâ aq- v Bf-Xz- Ä X-½n-se- Xpt]m-se ]-c-kv-]-c k-wkà- hpw Iq-«m-bv-a-bp-ap-Å ssz-h-p-\- n-sâ k-aq-l-am-bn Cu k` ap-t m«p-t]m-ip- p-. tb-ip-{in-kv-xp sszhhpw a-\p-jy\pw Zr-iy\pw A-Zr-iy\pw \n-xy\pw Im-en-I\pw B- bn-cn- p- Xp-t]m-se k`-bnepw ssz-hn-ihpw am-\p-jn-i-hpam-b [mcm-fw L-S-I- Ä AS- n-bn-cn- p p. k-i-e-a-\p-jycpw ssz-h- nsâ k-xyhpw {]-km-z-h-chpw kzo-i-cn- p -Xv k`bn-eq-ss-bmwv. ImcWw k-` {In-kv-Xp-hn-sâ c-l-kym-ß-i i-co-c-am-wv. k-` {In-kv-X-phn-sâ i-co-cw:þ hn. ]u-tem-kv Ço-lm-bp-sS ZÀ-i- \- nâ Cu Nn- -bv- v A[n-I kzm-[o-\-am-wp-å-xv. ""H-cp i-co-c- nâ \-ap- v ]-e A-h-b-h- Ä D -t- Ãm. FÃm A-h-b-h- Ä pw {]-hr- n H- ÃXm-\pw. AXp-t]m-se ]-ecm-b \mw {Inkv-Xp-hn H-cp i-co-chpw FÃm-hcpw X-½n A-h-b-h- -fp-am-ip- p'' (tdm-a. 12:4, 5). F-t^-. 1:23þse Nn- A\p-k-cn- v ""FÃm-änepw FÃmw \n-d-bv p- h-sâ \n-d-hm-bn-cn- p- Ah-sâ i-co-cam-b k`-bv- v \Â-In-bn-cn- p- p'' F-t^. 4:16  C-Xp Iq-Sp-X hn-i-zo- I-cn- p p. ""i-co-cw ap-gp-h\pw bp-à-am-bn tnà pw G-Io`-hn pw Hmtcm Aw-K- nsâ AX-Xp hym-]mc n-\v H- h- w DX-hn e`n- m-\p-å G-Xp k-ôn-bmepw kv-t\-l- n-ep-å hà-²-\-bv- m-bn A-h-\n \n- v {]m-]n- p- p''. F-t^-. 5:23þ ]-d-bp- -X-\p-k-cn- v {In-kv-Xp i-co-c- n-sâ c- n-xm-hm-bn k-`bv- p X-e-bm-Ip- Xpt]m-se `À- m-hv `m-cy-bv- p X-e-bm-Ip- p. k-` {In-kv-Xp-hn-sâ i-co-c-am-ibmâ hn-izm-kn-i-sfãm-hcpw H-cp i-co-c n-se Ah-b-h- -fm-ip p. ]-cn-ip-²m-ßm-hn-eq-ss {In-kv-Xphn-sâ Po-h³ k-`m-km-{x- nâ \n-d-ª p-\nâ- p p. {In-kv-Xp F pw Po-hn- p- -h-\m-i-bmâ {In-kv-Xp-hn-sâ i-co-chpw F pw Po-hn- p- -XmWv. AXp-sIm -px-s A-h-\n hn-iz-kn- v k-poh-cm-bn \n-e-sim-åp- km- n-i-fp-ss k-aq-lw k`bn-ep v. hm- n-t m-b hn-ip-²-cp-ssbpw ]qà-æn-i-cp-ssbpw k-aq-lw \-t½m-ssm- w \-½p-sS B-cm-[-\-bn k- n-ln-x-cm-sw- À w. k`-b- n-se hn-izm-k-k-aq-lw kà-æ-am-\-h-cm-in-sbbpw kr-ãn-ap-gp-h-s\-bpw {]- Xn-\n-[o-I-cn- p- -h-cm-i-bmepw IÀ- m-hv a-cn- Xpw D-bnÀ- Xpw kà-æ-tem-i- n-sâbpw c- bv- p th- n B-I-bmepw kà-æ-krãnbpw k`m-km-{x- nâ DÄ-s -«n-cn- p- p F -Xm-Wv hnh. k` ssz-h- n-sâ a-µncw :þ k` ssz-h- n-sâ a-µn-chpw `-h-\- hp-am-bn Nn-{Xo-I-cn- -s -«n-cn- p- p. (Ft^. 2:20þ22, 1 simcn. 3:11). tb-ip-{in-kv-xp aq-e- Ãpw A-t mkv-txm-e- mcpw {]-hm-n-i- mcpw A-Sn-Øm-\- IÃpIfpw hn-izm-kn-i-fp-ss k-aq-lw Po-h-\p-Å IÃp-Ifp-am-bn k` ]-Wn-b-s -Sp p. A-Zr-iy-k-aq-lw km- n-i-fp-ss henb k-aq-l-am-bn \n p-sim -v k-`bp-ss si-«p-]-wn- m-h-iyam-b i- àn \Â-Ip p (F-t^. 2:20) IÀ- m-hv kz-bw tz-hme-bw F- p hnfn- p- p v.- (tbm-l. 2:19) Cu Bßo-b tz-hm-e-b-am-wv IÀ- m-hnsâ ico-cam-b k-`bp-ss k-t½-f-\ti-{µw. k` {In-kv-Xp-hn-sâ a-w-hm«n :þ k` {In-kv-Xp-hn-sâ a-w-hm-«nbmwvv (F-t^-. 5:26þ27, sh-fn-]m-sv 21:2). ssz-h-ir-]-bv- v AÀ-l-XbnÃm- P-\-k-aql-s X-t m-sp-å G-ähpw B-gam-b _-Ô- nte- v kv-t\-l-]qà-æw {]-th-in- n- p ssz-h- n-sâ {]-hr- nbmwv a-w-hm-f\m-b {In-kv-Xp sn-bv-x-xv. kr-ãn ap-gp-h\pw kv-t\-l- n-eq-ss tb-ip-{in-kv-xp-hp-am-bn _-Ôn- -s -«n-cn- p p. {In-kv- Xphn-t\m-Sv H- m-bn- ocp-i F- -Xn-\m-Wv kr-ãn-sb hn-fn- n-cn- p- Xv. AXn-sâ ap³-ip-dnbpw am-xr-i-bp-am-bn-«m-wv {In-kv-Xp-hm-Ip- a-w-hm-f-s\bpw k-`bm-ip- a-w-hm-«n-sbbpw ]-c-kv]-cw _-Ôn- n- n-cn- p- Xv. k`-bv- p e`n- n-cn- p- a-w-hm-«n-bp-ss a-t\m-l-c- Øm-\w kà-æ-tem-i- n\pw ssz-hw hm-kv-zm-\w sn-bv-xn-cn- p kvt\-l- n-sâbpw c- -bp-ss-bpw {]-Xo-I-amWv. k-` G-Iw : \n-jym-hn-izm-k-{]-am-w- nâ k`-bv- p \Â-Ip- \m-ep {][m-\hn-ti-j-w- -fm-wv GIw, hn-ip²w, Im-tXm-enIw, A-t mkv-txm-en-iw F- n-h. hn.th-z-]p-kv-x-i-{]-im-cw k` {In-kv- Xp-hn-sâ i-co-chpw a-w-hm-«nbpw aµn-c-hp-am-i-bmâ k-` H-t - bpåp. a-lm]p-tcm-ln-x-{]mà- -\-bnâ \o F- nepw Rm³ \n- nepw B-Ip- Xp-t]m-se Ahcpw \-½n H- m-ti -Xn-\v Xs (tbm-l- m³ 17:21) F- v IÀ- m-hv ]Tn- n -Xv k-`-bp-ss GI-X F- kz`m-hw sh-fn-hm- p- -Xn-\p-th- n-bmwv. ""H-cp IÀ- mhpw H-cp hn-izm-khpw H-cp amtam-zo-kmbpw'' -(F-t^. 4:5) F -Xv k-`-bpss sf-iy- n-sâ A-SnØm-\{]-am-W-amWv. G-I-k`-bp-sS ]c-aam-b amxr-i hn. {Xn-Xz- n-se A-hÀ- -\obam-b sf-iy-amwv. ]n-xmhv, ]p-{x³, ]-cn-ip-² dq-lm F- aq- v B-f-Xz- -fp-ss _-Ôw D-XnÀ p-t]m-im- kv-t\l-s {]-Xn-^en- n- p- \n-xy-x-bp-ss _-Ô-amWv. Cu _-Ô- n-te- m-wv k-`sbbpw am-\h-cm-in ap-gp-h-s\bpw ssz-hw hn-fn- n-cn- p- -Xv. HmÀ- -tum-iv-kv k-`sb kw-_-ôn- n-s-t m-fw k-`-bpss sf-iy- nsâ A-Sn-kvYm-\-sa -Xv tb-ip-{in-kv-xp-hn-sâ c- m-i-cam-b Po-hn- Xw, a-cww, D-bnÀ- v F- n-h-bn-ep-å hn-izm-khpw IÀ- m-hn-sâ Xncp-i-co-cc-à- fn-epå kw-_-ô-hp-amwv. \nà`m-ky-h-imâ Im-em- Im-e- -fm-bn hn-izm-k-xym-kw \S- n ]-ecpw k-`-bnâ \n- p ]pd p-t]m-bn-«p -v. N-cn-{X]-cam-b ]-e Im-c-W- -fmâ GI-k`bn `n- -X-Ifpw D m-bn-«p -v. G-Xp Im-c-W- m-em-bmepw sf-iy- nte- p ap-jw Xn-cn- p-hm\pw G-I C-S-b\m-b IÀ- m-hn-sâ G-I B-«n³-Iq-«-am-bn \n-e-\nâ- p-hm-\p-ap-å Xo-jv-Wam-b B-{K-lw C pw ss{i-kv-x-h k-aq-l- -fnâ ssz-h- n-sâ ]-cn-ip-²m-ßm-hv \Â-In-s m -n-cn- p p. k-` hn-ip²w :þ ]m-]n-ifm-b a-\p-jy-cmwv k-`-bn-se Aw-K- Ä F- nepw k`-sb hn-ip-²-sa- mwv hn-ti-jn- n- p- Xv. ]. ]u-tem-kv Ço-lm hn-izm-kni-sf s]m-xp-sh hn-ip-²à F m-wv hnfn- p- -Xv. (tdmaà 1:3,1 sim-cn. 1:2) {In-kv-Xp-hn-\m-bn hn-fn- -s - «hà, tb-ip-{in-kv-xp-hnâ hn-ip-²o-i-cn- -s -«-hà Fs m-s -bm- Wv hn-ip-²à F- ]-Zw sim -v AÀ- -am-hp- Xv. a-lm-]-cn-ip-²\mb ssz-h-hp-am-bp-å kw-kà- - nâ Iq-Sn-bm- Wv k` hn-ip-²-am-ip- Xv. ssz-h-a-l-xz- n-\p-th- n am{xw thà-xncn- -s -«Xp-sIm pw k` hn-ip-²-amwv. X-s -bp-aã ]-cn-ip-²mßm-hv k`bnâ h-kn- v AXn-s\ \-bn- p- -Xn-\mepw k` hn-ip-²amwv. hn-ip-²n ]-cn-ip-²m-ßm-hn-sâ Zm-\-amWv. s]m-xp-hm-bn k` hnip-²-cp-ss k-aq-l-am-sw- nepw hn-ip-²n-bp-ss h-cw A-km-[m-c-W-ambn e`n- p- k`mw-k -sf {]-txy-iw hn-ip-²-sc- p hn-fn- p-ibpw B-Z-cn- p-ibpw sn- p p. hn-ip-²- m-cpss hn-ip²n F- ]-cnip-²m-ß-zm-\w k`bp-ss ap-gp-h³ si-«p-]-wn- p-th- n-bm-wv D- ]-tbm-kn- -s -Sp- Xv. k-` hn-ip-²-am-sw- nepw Cu tem-i- n-se Xn- -bp-ss km- n²yw k-` A-\p-`hn- p- Xp-sIm -v Xn- -tbm-sp t]m-cm-sn hn-ip- ²n-bp-sS k¼qà- -X-bn-te- p -k` h-f-cp-i-bm-wv sn- p- Xv. A-Xp \n-c- -chpw A-\- -hpamb t]m-cm-«hpw h-fà- -bp-amwv. {XntbI ssz-h- n-sâ hn-ip-²n-bn-ep-å Km-Vam-b ]- m-fn- w aq-ew Xn - 40

35 kvac-wm-rvpen amà ]t m-an-tbmkv: Icp-W-bpsS häm Dd-hnSw amxyqkv amà txthmtzmkntbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo 2012 HmKÌv H n\v Imew snbvx amth-en- c `{Zm-k-\- nsâ {]Ya sa{xm-t m-eo ]utem-kv amà ]t m-an-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n a\\w sim pw \nc- -c-amb DZvt_m-[\w sim pw \nkvx-{µ-amb {]hà \w sim pw k`-tbbpw kaq-l-t bpw tkhn alm-ßm-hm-wv. sa{xm-t m-eo F HutZym-KnI \mat - mä Db-c- n-emwv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS hyànxzw \nâ p- - Xv. ]utemkv amà ]t m-an-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n _lp-apj hyàn-xz- nsâ DS-a-bm-bn-cp- p. tbip-{in-kvxp-hnâ ]qà -ambn kaà n Pohn-X- nsâ DS-a-bm-bn-cp p Xncp-ta-\n-sb p \ap p ]d-bmw. sszhs kvt\ln- pi F- Xv a\p-jys\ kvt\ln- p-ibm-sw v At±lw Xncn- -dn-ª n-cp- p. {XntbI sszh- nsâ k hnip-²-kvt\-l-am-sw pw {XnXzw ] n-sp kvt\lw sszh-km-zr-iy- nâ krjvsn- -s «a\p-jy-hà - nâ {]Xn-^en- p-t¼m-fp- m-ip kzmà -c-ln-xhpw XymK-k¼- -hp-amb Pohn-Xhpw ]mc-kv]-cy-xbpw ] n-s-en-tâ-xp-ambn ]cn-w-an- -hgn sszh-cm-py-hy-h-ø-nxn Cu temi v krjvsn- -s -Sp-sa v Xncpta\n Icp-Xn-bn-cp- p. Ai-c-W-tcbpw A\m-Y-tcbpw ssi]n-sn- pbà p-i, tcmkn-isf klm-bn- pi F n- s\ \nc-h[n \ÃImcy- Ä At±lw snbvxn-«p- v. sb \-in- n- p-ibpw ssz-h-alxzw {]-Xn-^-en- n- p-hm³ X- h- w temi-s cq-]m- -c-s -Sp- p-ibpw sn p-i F- -Xm-Wv hnip-²o-ic-ww sim -p \mw AÀ- -am-ip- Xv. k` Imt- Xme- niw:þ Imt- Xme- ni- w F hm - n\- v hni- p²- ambx- v kà-æ-s bpw DÄ-s m-åp- Xv F-s m-s AÀ- -ap v. tdm-a³ I-t m-en- m-k-` ]Tn- n- p- Xp-t]m-se Nn-e {]m-tzin-i k-`-iä Iq-Sn-t -cp- -Xn-s\-bà Im-tXmen-I k` F- p hn-fn- p- Xv. H- n-\i- p X-s FÃmw A-Xn-sâ ]qà- -X-bn DÄs m-åp- Xpw Im-Wp- -Xp-am-Wv Im-tXm-enIw. k-`bv- v ImtXm-en-Iw F- hn-tij-ww BZyw \ÂIn-b A-t ym-jy-bn-se amà C-ám- ntbmkn-sâ (+110) A-`n-{]m-b- nâ hn. IpÀ-_m-\-bpsS kv-t\-lm-[n-jvtn-xam-b sf-iy- nâ hn-izm-km-nm-c- -fp-ss ]qà- -X \n-e-\nà- n {In-kv-Xp-hn-s\ km- n- p- k`-bm-wv ImtXmen-I k`. tdm-a³ I-t m-en- m k`-bp-ss Im-gv-N- m-snâ ImtXm-en-Iw F- hn-ti-jw-s `q-anim-kv-{x-]-c-am-bn \nà-æ-nn- mâ tdm-a³ Im-tXm-en- m-k`bpw Im-tXm-en-IÃm-Xm-bn Xo-cp p. Iu-Zmin-I sf-iy- nâ AY-hm hn. IpÀ-ºm-\-bpsS sf-iy- nâ FÃm hn-izm-kn-i-sfbpw k` DÄ-s måp-t¼mä k` Im-tXm-en-Iam-Ip- p F- À w. k` A-t mkv-txm-en-iw : Im-tXmen-I k` F-t mgpw A- t mkv-txmen-i k`-bp-amwv. IÀ- m-hn-sâ A-t m-kv-txm-e³ Øm-]n- p-sh- n-te k-` A-t mkv-txm-en-i-am-iq F- AÀ- w C- hn-ss-bnã. F- mâ A-t mkv-txmen-i hn-izm-k- n-ep-å Xp-SÀ- bpw A-J-Þ-Xbpw A-t mkv-txm-en-i-k-`-bp-ss {]-[m-\-e- -WamWv. A-Xm-b-Xv, At mkv-txmen-i hn-izm-kw {]-Jym-]n- p- -Xpw At mkv-txm-e- mà- p e-`n- ]m-]-tam-n-\m-[n-im-cw DÄ-s m-åp- Xpw A-t mkv-txm-e- m-sc-t m-se t{]-jn-x-hr n-bnâ GÀ-s - Sp- Xpw A-t m-kv-txmeni ]n³-xp-sà- D-Å-Xpam-b k`bm-wv A- t mkv-txmen-i k`. A-t mkv-txmen-i ]m-c-¼-cy-[m-c-bnâ \n- v th-dn-«v \n- v hn. th-z-]p-kv-x-iw hym-jym-\n- p-ibpw hnip-² ip{iq-j-iä kz- -hym-jym-\w A-\p-k-cn- v A\p-jvTn- p-ibpw sn- p- k`m-hn-`m-k- Ä- v k-`bv- v hn. th-z-]p-kvx-iw \Â-Inbn-cn- p- \nà-æ-n\- tfm hn-tij-w -tfm A-h-Im-i-s -«piq- Sm- -XmWv. A-t mkv-txmen-i ]n³-xp-sà- -bpw At mkv-txmen- I A-[n-Im-c-hpw, A-t mkv-txm-e- mcpw {]-hm-n-i- mcpw hnip²cpw hm- n-t m-b-h-cp-am-bp-å kw-kà- hpw CÃm-sX Po-hn- p- -hà {In-kv-Xp-i-co-cam-b k-`bv- v C-X-c-cm-Ip p. A-Sp- -Xn : HmÀ- -tum-iv-kv k-`m-hn-izm-k- n-\m-[mcw {]hà -\- n-epå kpxm-cy-x, AÀ -W-t_m- [ w, I T n - \ - t \ m - ¼ v, {]mà \ FÃmw At±-l- nsâ apj-ap-{z-bm-bn-cp- p. \à Fgp- p-im-c\pw hmün-bp-am-bn-cp p Xncpta\n. Icp-W-bp-sSbpw Icp- X-en-sâbpw kvt\l-km-kcsa- -t±-ls hnti-jn- n- mâ AXn-sem«pw AXn-itbm-àn-bn-Ã. sndp- -Imew apxte im -amb {]mà - \m-po-hnxw \bn- p-t]m Xncp-ta-\n v sa{xm-t m-eo- -bm-i-w-sa AXnbmb B{K-l-am-bn-cp p. Ipdn n time- p- I- f- nâ si.-si.-tpm-wnsâbpw adn-bm-½-bp-ssbpw c m-as ]p{x-\mbn Jan Aug 2012 P\p-hcn 26\v P\n- p. Nn -h\w skâ v txmakv kviqfnâ \n v sslkviqä hnzym-`ym-khpw N -\m-ticn Fkv.-_n.-tIm-tf-Pn \n v ^nkn-ivknâ Un{Knbpw I «m _nj]vkv timtf-pnâ \n v _n.-un.bpw Ignª tijw Cw - nâ D]-cn-]-T\w \S n eouvkv kàh-i-em-im-e-bnâ\n v Fw.-än.-F v Ic-Ø-am- n þ dm n s]cp\msv _Y\n B{i-amw-K-am-bn. _Y\n B{ia- nse Pohn-X-Im-e- mwv R Ä ]cn-n-b-s -Sp- -Xv. Rm\pw B{i-amw-K-am-bn-cp- p. {]mà -\m-im-cy- nepw eouàjn nepw aäpw At±lw Fsâ hgn-im-«n-bm-bn-cp- p. Kpcp-Øm-\o-b-\mb At±-l- nsâ hn\-bhpw sszh-`-bhpw k\ym-k-po-hn-x-t m- SpÅ ASp- hpw sxm«-dnª BfmWv Rm³ þ si½m-i-]- «hpw 1974-þ amxyqkv amà A m-\m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\n-bn \n v sshzn-i-]-«hpw e`n- p þ d¼m³ ]«w -In-«n HmKÌv 16\v ]cn-ip² _tk-en-tbmkv amxyqkv ZznXo-b³ ImtXm-en- -_mh At±-ls F n-kvtim- -bmbn hmgn- p. CSp- n, A -amen `{Zm-k-\- -fpss sa{xm-\mb At±lw hs- ³ taj-e-bnâ snbvx tkh-\- Ä {]txyiw FSp- p-]-d-tb- -Xp- v. ]m{xn-bà okv hn`m-k- nsâ F-XnÀ p-ifpss ap\ HSn- m\pw Xr p- p sk½n-\m-cn-bn-en-cp- p-sim v ià-amb `cww \S- m\pw At±-l- n\p Ign-ª n-cp- p. hs- ³ {]tz-i- -fnse `{Zmk-\- -fnâ F p {]iv\- -fp- m-bmepw kss[cyw AXns\ t\cnspsa v At±lw Dds {]Jym-]n- n-cp- p. hs- ³ `mks B{I-a-W- sf At±lw iàn-bpàw t\cn-sp-ibpw snbvxn-cp- p. ss{ikvx-h-km- y- nâ Du n-\n- p-sim v `mc-xob kwkvim-c- nse KmÔn-b³ amà n-eq-ss-bpå {]hà -\- - fn-emwv Xncp-ta\n {i² ti{µo-i-cn- n-cp- -Xv. ae- c hà o-knsâ sime-]m-xiw At±lw A -am-en-bpss Npa-Xe hln- p Ime- m-bn-cp- p. \ný-b-zmàvy-t mss ae- -c-hà okv sime-]m-x-is - än kn.-_n.-sf. At\z-jn- -W-sa- -t±lw Bh-iy-s -Sp- Ibpw \nc-h[n {]Xn-tj-[- Ä v t\xrxzw simsp- p-ibpw snbvxp. hs- ³ta-J-e-bnse k`m-hn-izm-kn-iä v sx ³ {]tzi- -fnâ \n v FÃm-hn[ klm-b- fpw \ÂIn Bß-hn-izmkw ]I-c-W-sa v Bh-iy-s «At±lw AXn-\mbn ae- -c-bmsi ]cy- S\w \S- p-ibpw {]kw-kn- p-ibpw snbvxn-«p-s - p-åxv FSp- p-]-d-tb Imcy-amWv. {]mà -\-bn-eqssbpw D]-hmk- n-eqssbpw kmbqpyw {]Zm\w snbvxv ae- c HmÀ -tumivkv k`sb \bn ]pwy-tçm- I-\mb ]utemkv amà ]t m-an-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS thà]msv \ap-s pw Hcp s\m¼-c-am-wv. apx-em-fnbpw sxmgn-em-fnbpw X½nepÅ A cw CÃm-Xmbn \sãmcp kaqlw D m-i-w-sa A`nemjw km m-xvi-cn- m³ th n Xsâ PohnXw Dgn-ª p-sh- n-cp- p-sh v \ap- p-]-d-bmw. a\p-jy-ip-e- nsâ {]Xo- bpw {]Xym- 41

36 kvac-wm-rvpen ibpw Xcp kvt\l- nsâ ZÀi-\-am-bn-cp p At±-lw. lrz-b-ss\àaeyw sim pw Pohn-X-hn-ip-²n-sIm pw k ymk- nsâ D -a-am-xr-i-bm-bn-cp Xncp-ta\n ae- c k`m-n-cn-{xt msv At`-Zy-amb _Ô-ap- m-bn-cp IpSpw-_- n-emwv P\n- - Xv. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS {]mà -\m-po-hn-x-amwv FSp- p-]-d-tb Hcp Imcyw. ]mxn-cmbv pw {]`m-x- n-\p-ap¼pw FÃm-bm-a-th-f-I-fnepw Xsâ lrzbw sszh-t msp tnà n-cp- p. _Y\n B{i-a-Po-hn-X- nâ \n p-amwv {]mà -\m-po-hnxw H n-sb-sp- -sx- -t±lw ]e-t mgpw ]d-bp-am-bn-cp- p. Cu kpøn-c-amb `àn At±-l- nsâ apj pw s]cp-am-ä- nepw Xnf- n-bn-cp- p. sszh ka w Ccn- p-t¼mä \ap p e`n- n-«på A\-h[n Ir]-IÄ A\p-kva-cn- p-hm³ Ign-bp- p-sh v Xncp-ta\n R -tfm-ssms B{i-a-Po-hn-X- n-\n-s-bnâ ]d-bp-am-bn-cp- p. sszh-kw-kà w \½psS ho -W- sf cq]m- -c-s -Sp- m³ klm-bn- p-ibpw \½psS Pb-]-cm-P-b- sf ka-nn- -X-tbmsS t\cn-sm³ klm-bn- p-ibpw sn p-sa v [ym\-tbm-k- -fnâ ]nxmhv ]d-ª n-«p- v. {]mà -\-sb- mâ {][m-\-ambpw sszh-k-a w \mw hnebw {]m]n- p Ah-Ø-bm-sW v [ym\-kp-cp-hmb Xncp-ta\n \s½ HmÀ½n- n- n-cp- p. \½psS At]- -IÄ v adp-]sn e`n- mepw CsÃ- nepw sszh-k-a w \mw AW-bp-t¼mÄ AXv henb amä- Ä Pohn-X- nâ hcp- n- oà p-sa- -t±lw ]Tn- n- p. ""kàæi-à-\mb sszhsa A -bpss Be-b-amb hmk-ø-ehpw A - bpss al-xz- nsâ \nhm-khpw {]nb-am-ip p-.'' Xncp-ta\n Ft mgpw GIm- -{]mà -\-bnepw [ym\- nepw CXv Dcp-hn-Sp-ambn-cp- p. At±-l- nsâ _ehpw AXm-bn-cp- p. \à t\xr-ti-jnbpw `c-w-]m-s-hhpw H p tnà Aaq-eyhpw AXp-ey-hp-amb hyàn-xz- nsâ DS-a-bm-bn-cp p ]utemkv amà ]t m-an-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n. häm- -I-cp-WbpsS Dd-hnSambn-cp- psh v \ap- -t±-ls hnti-jn- n- mw. amth-en- -c- `-{Zm-k-\- nsâ {]Y-a-sa-{Xm-t m-eo- -bm-bn-cn- p-t¼mä Xncp-ta\n \nc-h[n {]hà -\- Ä AhnsS \S- n-bn- «p- v. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ZoÀL-ho- -W- nsâ ^e-am-bn-«mwv `{Zmk-\- n\v NXp-c{i ASn-bn at\m-l-c-amb "sxtbm -`-h³' Ac-a\]Wn-X-Xv. Bß-_-e- nsâ BNm-cy-t{i-jvT-\m-bn-cp p Xncp-ta-\n. At±-l-s - än HmÀ p-t¼mä a\-ênâ ]msª - p- Xv ""_ew \n n-epå a\p-jy³'' F thz-]p-kvx-i- nse hnti-j-w-am- Wv. imco-cn-ihpw am\-kn-ihpw Bßo-I-hp-amb _e- Ä ka- RvP-k-ambn kt½-fn AXpey hyàn-bm-bn-cp p At±-lw. At±-l- nsâ a\:iànbpw CÑm-iànbpw Btcbpw AÛp-X-s -Sp- p-am-bn-cp- p. IrXy-ambn IW- p-iä kq n- p kz`m-ham-bn-cp p Xncp-ta-\n-bp-tS-Xv. B{i-a-Po-hn-X- nâ ]Tn-s -Sp kz`m-h-a-ln-a-bm-w-xv. kw`m-h-\-isfãmw k`-bpss ]W-am-sW D -a-t_m²yw At±-l- n-\p- m-bn-cp- p. Poh-Im-cp-Wy-{]-hÀ - \- -fnepw hnhm-l-k-lmbw \ÂIp- -Xnepw hosph p simsp- p- -Xnepw tcmkn-i-sf klm-bn- p- - Xnepw hnzym-`ym-k-k-lmbw \ÂIp- -Xnepw {]txyiw {i²n- n-cp- p. kup-\y-nn-in-õm-]-²xn a\-ên-ep- m-bn-cp-s - nepw AXp \S- m- m³ Ign- ª n-ã. PmXn-aX-Nn- -IÄ -Xo-X-ambn kulr-z-h-ebw krjvsn At±lw Pohn- n-cp ka-b v lcn-p-\- -sfbpw aäpw ssib-b v klm-bn- n-cp- p. PohnXw ktµ-i-am- nb A]qÀÆ CS-b-t{i-jvT- m-cnâ Hcm-fm-bn-cp p At±-lw. Bcp-ambpw Hcp lrz-b-_ôw Øm]n- m³ {]txyiw Ign-hp- mbn-cp- p. k`m-im-cy- -fnepw ]mc-¼-cy- -fnepw IÀ -i- m-c-\m-bn-cp- p. ae- c HmÀ -tumivkv k` temi-sa pw hym]n- n- -W-sa- -t±lw B{K-ln- n-cp- p. ae- c HmÀ -tumivkv k`-bmwv Xs Xm\m- nb- s- X- t- ±lw Ft mgpw ]dª- n«- p v. k`b- pss A kpw ]mc-¼-cyhpw t{ijvt-xbpw {]mw-t\mfw hne-s -«- Xmbn At±lw I n-cp- p-sh- Xv {]txyiw FSp- p-]-d-tb Imcy-am-Wv. henb B²ym-ßnI ZÀi-\- nsâ DS-a-bm-bn-cp p Xncp-ta\n. ]nxm-hnsâ {hx-\n-jvt- {]-txy-iw FSp- p-]-d-tb Imcy-am-Wv. Bß-in- -W- nepw {hx-\n-jvt-bnepw {]mà -\m-io-e- nepw ASn-bp-d p hf-cm-\på a\- -cp v P\- Ä pw BNm-cy- mà pw thw-sa v Xncp-ta\n ]d-bp-am-bn-cp- p. ]mh-s -«-h-tcmsv Icp-W-Im-Wn- p Cu ]S- -e-hs\ ae- -ck-`-bv p \ÂInbXn\m k` [\y-am-bn. Xncp-ta\n k½m-\n \à amxr-i-ifpw k^-e-amb tkh\{]hà -\- fpw k`sb IqSp-X ssnx\y[\y-am- -s«-sb p \ap p {]mà n- mw. ]t m-an-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS kvt\l-kv]àiw A`w-Kpcw XpScm-\pÅ ISa \s½ G n- n-«mwv Xncp-ta\n IS- p-t]m-b-xv. MATRIMONIAL Ancient orthodox christian parents from Thrissur District invite proposals for son 29 / 170 / B.Tech employed with MNC, Bangalore from parents of professionally qualified girls. jrjosephraran06@gmail.com Tel : Orthodox Parents residing in Kochi invite proposal for son 178/27/B.Tech employed in MNC at Bangalore from professionally qualified girls Phone : , HmÀ -tumivkv hnhm-l- ]-c-ky- Ä kup-\y-am-bn \ÂIp- -Xn\v: ]n.-sf. _m_p (amà -än v amt\-pà) Mob : pulikotilib@yahoo.com 42

37 thz-hn-nmcw hnizm-k- mepw {]hr n-bmepw am{xw c - t\-sptam? ^m. tum. Ipcymt mkv X n-t m«v tnmzyw: {]h- r - nb- me- på- c -, hni- zmk- - me- påc-, Ir-]-bm-ep-Å c- F n-h hn. th-z-]p-kv-x-i- nâ ]-cm-aà-in- p- p- -tãm. C-Xn GXn-\m-Wv h-n-\- nâ Iq-Sp-X {]m-ap-jyw? HmÀ- -tum-iv-kv k-`-bnâ GXn-\m-Wv Iq-Sp-X {]m-[m\yw? kp-an-xv BâWn ]ndhw D cw: {]n-b kp-an-xn-sâ tnmzyw i-cnbm-b Zn-i-bn-eÃsb- v BZy-sa ]-dª p-sim-ås«. tnm-zy- n-\v H-ä-hm- nâ D -cw ]-d-ª mâ, c- Ir-]-bm B-Ip- p-sb- v hn-\w D-d- n- p-]-d-ª n-cn- p -Xv k-`-bp-ss Aw-Ko-Ir-X- \n-e-]m-sm- Ip p. c- -sb- p-dn- p-å A- kv-txm-en-i-hn-izm-kw F- v F- v A:{]: 15:11 \n- v {K-ln- m-hp- -XmWv. ""IÀ- mhmb tbip-hn-sâ Ir-]-bm c- -{]m-]n pw F- v \mw hn-izkn- p- Xp-t]m-se A-hcpw hn-iz-kn- p- p'' F- mwv Cu th-z-`mk- v hy-à-am-bn F-gp-Xn-bn-cn- p- Xv. C-Xp X-s -bm-wv k- Xy-k-`-bp-sS hn-izm-kw Cu hnj-bw hm-b-\- mà- p-th- n H- p Iq-sS hn-i-zo-i-cn- p- hm³ Rm-\m-{K-ln- p p. \-ap- v H-cp-an- p Nn- n- mw. c- -bp-ss ASn-Øm-\w F- m-ip p? Cu tnm-zy- n-\v \-ho- I-c-W-k-`-Ifpw HmÀ- -tum-iv-kv k-`bpw \Â-Ip- D- -c- Ä hy-xy-kvx-am-ip p. \-ho-i-c-w-k-`-iä c- -bp-ss A-Sn-Øm-\w hn-izm-kw F- m-wv ]Tn- n- p- Xv. C-Xn-\-Sn-Øm-\-am-bn F-t^ky-te-J\w 2:8þmw-hm-Iy-s B-Wv C-hÀ B-{i-bn- p- Xv. "Ir-]- bm-etãm \n- Ä hn-izm-kw aq-ew c- n- -s -«n-cn- p- Xv' F- hm-iy- nâ hn-izm-kw aq-ew c- n- -s -«n-cn- p- p-sb- `m-kw am{xw thà-xn-cn- v hym-jym-\n- p- -Xn-\mÂ, A-Xmb-Xv B- cn-ihym-jym-\w kzo-i-cn- n-cn- p- -Xn-\m B-Wv kxyw {K-ln- m-sx t]m-ip- Xv. Cu hmiyw ]qà- -am-bn ]Tn- p-t¼mä, Cw- o-jnâ Ipd- p Iq-sS hy-à-x-bp-å-xm-bn Im-Wm-hp- -XmWv. "For by grace you have been saved through faith", F- -Xn \n- v c by faith F à by grace F- p-x-s -bm-sw v a-\-ên-em- p- -XmWv. th- Z-]p-kv-X-I- n-\v B -cn-i-hym-jym-\w kzo-i-cn- p-hm³ ]m-sp- ÅXÃ. A -s\ sn-bv-xmâ A-Xv ]e-]-e hn-izm-k-hn-]-co-x- Ä pw Im-c-W-am-bn-Xo-cpw. th-z]p-kv-x-i- hym-jym-\-im-kv-{x{]- Ir]-bm-epÅ \oxo-i-cww {]hr- n-bm-epå \oxo-i-c-whpw hnizm-k- m-epå \oxo-i-c-whpw aäp k`-iä DbÀ n- -d-bp-t- ¼mÄ Ir]- bm-epå \oxo-i-c-w-amwv HmÀ -tumivkv k`-bpss c m-øm-\w. {]kn-²o-i-cww hgnbpw kwhmzw hgnbpw Hmdn-bâ k`-i-fpss sszh-im-kv{xw,- ss_-k-ssâ³ k`-i-fpw tdma³ It m-en m k`bpw t{]m«ìâ v k`- Ifpw kzoi-cn- p-hm-\på km[y-x-bp- v. \½psS IÀ m-hnsâ A y-im-k\w kie PmXn-I-sfbpw injy-cm- n-s m-åp-hm-\m-w-tãm. Bg-amb sszh-imkv{xhpw antjym-f-pnbpw {]mtbm-kn-i-am- p-hm-\på ISabpw \ap- p- v. tum. KohÀKokv amà HkvXm- n-tbmkv 2012 Pqsse þ sk]väw-_à c -bpss ASn-Øm\w Im-cw H-cp hm-iy-s a-äv hm p- sim- v th-ww hym-jym-\n- p- hm³. Cu hym-jym-\ -\n-b-a-{]-imcw F-t^. 2:8 s\, A.{].15sâ 11t\m- Sv tnà- v hym-jym-\n- mâ Ir-]-bm-Wv c- -bp-ss A-Sn-Øm-\-sa- v hy-à-am- Ip- -XmWv. hn-iz-kn- -t mä c {]m-]n- n-«nã C- v ]-ecpw km- n-]-d-bp -Xv C- Zn-hkw, C- k-ab- v Rm³ hn-iz-kn- p Gäp ]-dª p c- n- -s -«p F- mwv. Cuhn-[- hn-izm-kw C- v A-t\-I-cn-te- v hym-]n p-sim- n-cn- p p. F- mâ C-Xv h-n-\-kxyw {K-ln- m-sx hn-fn- p ]-dbp- H-cp th-z-hn-]-co-x-am-ip p. Cu h-kvxp-x hn. ]utemkv tdm-aà 13:11 hy-à-am- n-bn-cn- p p. C-Xp sn-t - Xv D-d- - nâ \n- p-w-cp-hm³ \m-gn-i-h- n-cn- p- p F- n -s\ \n- Ä k-ab-s A-dn-I-bm X-s, \mw hn-iz-kn- k-a-b-t - mä c- Ct mä \-ap- v A[n-Iw A-Sp- n-cn- p p. Cu hmiyw hy-à-am- p- -sx- m-sw- v Nn- n p-t\m- p-i. hn-izkn- -t mä c- n- -s -«p F- à hn-iz-kn- k-a-b-s - mä c- A-Sp- n-cn- p- p- F- px-s -bã-tbm? Rm³ ]-d-bp- Cu Bibw a-äv hm-iy- -fmâ D-d- m- n-bn-cn- p- p-sb- pw Adn-ª p sim- Åp-I. 2 Xn-tam: 2:10 AXp-sIm- v {In-kv-Xp-tb-ip-hn-ep-Å c- \n- Xy-tX-P-tÊm-Sp-Iq-sS hr-x- mà- v In-t«- -Xn-\v Rm³ A-hÀ- m-bn k-i-ehpw k-ln- p p. ho pw ^n-en. 3:20 {i-²n- pi. \-½p-sS ]u-cxztam kzà- - nâ B-Ip- p; Ahn-sS-\n- v IÀ mhm-b tb-ip c- n-xmhmbn h-cp-sa- v \mw Im- n-cn- p p "F-{_-bmÀ 9:28þ X-\n- m- bn Im- p-\n-ev- p- -h-cp-ss c- -bv- m-bn-«m-wv IÀ- m-hmb tbip ho- pw h-cp- -Xv F pw hy-à-am- n- bn-cn- p p. Cu h-n-\- Ä {]-Im-cw hn-iz-kn- -t mä c- n- -s -«p-sb- v hn-iz-kn- p- -Xv Xn-cp-h-N-\-k-Xy-aÃsb- v hy-à-am-ip- p- -tãm. hnizm-khpw {]hr- nbpw Ir]-bm e`n- p Zm\- - fm-ip- p. Ir]- bmwv c -bpss ASn-Øm-\w c- bpw {]-hr- nbpw: c- -bv- v {]-hr- n Im-c-W-am-Ip- nã-sb- -Xm-Wv k-xy-h-n\w. Ft^. 2:8þ10 h-sc H- piq-ss {i-²n- v hm-bn- p-i. Bcpw {]-iw-kn- m-xn-cn- m³ {]-hr- n-ifpw Im-c- WaÃ- F v Cu `m-kw D-d- n- p ]-d-bp p. tb-ip-{in-kv-xp-hn-eq-ss c- -k-i-e-a-\p-jyà pw D-Å-Xm- Ip p. "A-Xn- m-bn-«px-s \mw k-i-e a\p-jy-cp-ssbpw {]-txy-iw hn-izm-kn-i-fp-ssbpw c- n-xmhm-b Po-h-\pÅ ssz-h- nâ B-i sh- p A-²zm-\n- p t]m-cm-snbpw h-cp- p' (1 Xo-tam. 4:10). c- - k-ie-pm-xn pw DÅ-Xm-Ip p (hn. eq-t mkv 2:30, 31) C-hn-sS-bm-Wv ssz-h- n-sâ Ir]-sb \mw Xn-cn- -dn-tb- Xv. c ssz-h-ir-]-bmâ C-cp-]-Xp-h-b-Êp-hsc, hn-izm-kw Iq- SmsX, k- -Xn- v e-`n- p p. C-Xp]-Xp h-b-ên-\p-taâ {]m-b-ap-åhà Ir-]-bm-ep-Å c -sb hn-izm-k- mâ D-d- m- p-i-bm-wv th- Xv. hn-izm-k-{]-hr- n-bmâ Øn-co-I-cn- p-ibpw th-ww.kw-jy. 14:26þ36 h-sc- hm-bn- mâ Cu Im-cyw k-xy-h-n-\m-sn-øm-\-ap-å-sx- v k-½-xn- p-sa- m-wv Rm³ I-cp-Xp- Xv. BI-bm Ir-]-bm-Wv c- -bv- v ASn-Øm\w. hn-izm-khpw {]-hr- nbpw Ir-]-bm e-`n- p- Zm-\- -fm-ip p. 43

38 ssi ncn tnmzyw: sa{xm-t m-eo- m-am-cpss ih-kw-kvim-c- n\v [mcmfw Ip n-cn w I_-dn CSm-dp- -tãm. km[m-cw hnizm-kn- I-fpsS arx-i-co-c- n-t  a v am{xta CSm-dptÅm? F mwv hyxymkw? D cw: k`-bpss XXz-a-\p-k-cn- v, acn hyàn GXp Øm\n-bm-bn-cp- m-epw, a pw Ip n-cn- hpw tnà Hcp an{inxw arx-i-co-c- n-t  C«p-sIm- mwv kwkvi-cn- I q S p X  Ip n-cn w C S p - X v _lp-am-\-kq- N-I-ambn p- -Xv. a n-sp- -Xnsâ AÀ w \ap p s]s«v a\-ên-em-hpw. F nâ\n- mtwm icocw krjvsn- -s -«-Xv, B aqe-`q-x-amb `qanbn-te v (a- n-te- v) AXv Xncn- p-t]m-ip- p. ""\o a m-ip- p, a n-te p Xs Xncn-sI-t cpw. ho pw \ho-i-cn- -s -Sp-Ibpw sn pw'' F sszh-h-n\w \nhr n s -Sp-IbmWv F v kwkvimc ip{iq-j-bnâ ]d-bp- p. a p am{x-amtbm Ip n-cn w am{x-amtbm D]-tbm-Kn- m-dnã. sa{xm³, sshzn-i³, hnizmkn F o aq p Iq«À pw CXv Hcp-t]mse _m[- I-am-Wv. BNm-c-{]-Im-cw, F n-kvt m-  ]Z-hn-bn-ep-Å-hÀ v Ipd p IqSp-X Ip n-cn w CSp p F p-am-{x-ta-bp-åq. CXv _lp-am-\-kq-n-i-am-wv. IÀ mhnsâ arx-i-co-cw, \nt m-zntamkpw Acn-a- ym- m-c-\mb butk^pw tnà v [mcmfw kpk- Ô-hÀ - -fn«v AS w snbvxp F Xv CXnsâ ASn-Øm-\-ambn Icp-Xp- -h-cp- m-imw. F mâ, IÀ mhnsâ am{x-a-ã, FÃm blq- Z- m-cp-ssbpw ih-kw-kvim-c- nâ, Ah-c-h-cpsS km¼- ni Ign-h- \p-k-cn v kpk-ô-hà - Ä tnà p s]mxp-co-xn-bp- m-bn-cp p F v ad- -cp-xv. ^d-thm-cm-pm- - msc Huj-[-kp-KÔ hà -fn«v embalm sn p kmt -XnI hnzy ]pcm-x\ CuPn-]vXn \ne-hn-encp- p. Xsâ ai³ butk^v CuPn-]vXn {][m-\-a-{ n-bm-bn- oà -Xp-sIm- m-w-tãm, ^dthm cmpm- - mà v e`n- p Xc- n-epå embalming ]c-tz-in-bmb bmt m-_n\pw e`n- p- Xv (D - n. 50:1-þ3). ih-kw-kvim-c- nâ a n-t\m-ssm w Ip n-cn w tnà p- - Xn\v thz-im-kv{x-]-c-amb henb AÀ -ap- v. AXv Npcp- -ambn kqnn- n- s«: 1. kpkôw ]pxnb Pohsâ (D-bnÀ n-sâ) AS-bm-f-am-Wv. ZpÀKÔw ac-w- nsâ (\m-i- nsâ) {]Xo-I-hpw. CXp a\- Ên-em- m³ Ffp- -am-wv. Poh³ t]mip \nanjw apxâ icocw Nobm³ XpS- p- p. thz-]p-kvxi `mj-bnâ CXn\v {ZhXzw (corruption) F p-]-d-bp- p. (P-\n- p \nanjw apxâ {ZhXzw Bcw-`n- p p F v ZmÀi-\n-I-\mb \nêmbnse hn. {KntKm-dn-tbmkv ]d-bp p!). Nobp ico-c- n\v ZpÀK-Ô-am-W-tÃm. AXp-sIm v arx-i-co-c- nâ kpk-ôhà -an-sp- -Xv, ac-w- ns\xnsc Pohsâ {]Xymi ImWn- m-\m-wv. Ip n-cn w kpk-ô-hà - -fn-sem- m-wv. a²y- ]u-ckvxy tzi- -fnâ kpe-`-amb, kuc-`y-apå hr - -dbm-w-xv. C³Uy-bn sslµh ]mc-¼-cy- nâ, ih-kw-kvimc- n\v Nµ-\- nsâ Hcp sndnb Awi-sa- nepw D]-tbm-Kn- m-dp- v. kpk-ô-hà w Hcp {]XoIw (symbol) BWv. AXp-sIm v AXnsâ Afhv A{]-[m-\-am-Wv. Gähpw IqSp- X ZpÀK-Ôs sndp- m³ Gähpw IqSp-X Ip n-cn w AsÃ- nâ Nµ\w F v IW- p-iq-«m³ ]msn-ã. 2. ]co-i-\mb iotam³ IÀ m-hns\ ` -W n\p hnfn- t mä Hcp kv{xo hfsc hne-tb-dnb AXn-hn-in-jvS-amb ]cn-af-ssxew tbip-hnsâ ico-c- nâ ]qip- -Xmbn \mw hmbn- p p ]e Xc- n-emwv kphn-ti-j- Ä CXv hnh-cn- p- - Xv. c p kphn-ti-j- fnâ Xe-bn ssxew Hgn p F pw aäp c p kphn-ti-j- -fnâ IÀ m-hnsâ Imen ssxew ]qin F pw ImWp- p. I p-\n- -hà B kv{xosb hnaàin- p- p- v. ]t IÀ mhv ]d-ª p, AhÄ Xsâ ih-kwkvim-c- n-\p-th- n-bmwv AXv snbvxxv F v. aämcpw kwi- a pw Ip n-cn- hpw ^m. tum. si. Fw. tpmàöv bn- p- -Xn\v ap³]v Xs IÀ m-hnsâ DbnÀ ns\ B kv{xo ap³iq-«n-i p F v thw-sa- nâ hmbn-s -Sp- mw. AhÄ snbvx {]hr- n, kphn-tijw Adn-bn- -s -Sp FÃm Øe- -fnepw ""Ah-fpsS HmÀ½- mbn'' {]kvxm-hn- -s Spw F v tbip {]h-nn- p-ibpw snbvxp. B kv{xo IÀ m-hns\ A`n-tjIw snbvx ssxe- nsâ ]cn-afw ""hosp apgp-h³ \ndª p'' F v AÀ -KÀ`-ambn hn. tbml- m³ tcj-s -Sp- p- p. ]pxnb Poh³, DbnÀ v, am\- km- -cw, hne-t\m- m kvt\l- nsâ XymKw, F n-hsbãmw kqnn- n- p- -XmWv ChnsS kpk-ô-{z-hy- fpw AXnsâ hmk-\bpw. IÀ m-hnsâ IÃ-d-bn-te v, RmbdmgvN cmhnse kpk-ô-hà - -fp-ambn t]mb kv{xoiä (myrrh-bearing women) HmÀ -tumivkv thz-imkv{x hymjym-\- nepw B²ym-ßn-I-X-bnepw hfsc {]m[m-\yaàln- p- -h-cm-wv. Ah-cmWv DbnÀ nsâ BZy-km- n- Ifpw ktµ-i-hm-l-i-cp-am-b-xv. At mkvtxme- msc ""\à hmà '' (kp-hn-ti-jw) Adn-bn- p- Xv kv{xoi-fm-wv. 3. a pw Ip n-cn- hpw Iq«n-t À v CSp- -Xn\v asäm-cà -ap- v. C³Uy-bnÂ, sslµh Nn -b-\p-k-cn- v, ih-i-cocw Zln- n- p-itbm kwkvi-cn- p-itbm sn p-t¼mä, aqe-`q-x- - fnâ \n v Iq«n-t À -s «`uxn-i-i-cocw Ah-bn-te v as- p- p, Bßmhv ]p\àp-\-\- nt\m A na km m-xv m- c- n-t\m-th n hntam-nn- n -s -Sp p F -Nn- -bmwv {]_-e-am-b-xv. icocw Xs BXy- n-i-ambn Ab-YmÀ -am- Wv, Fsâ ico-cw, \nsâ icocw F ico-c-t_m-[w Ahn-ZybpsS ^e-amwv F m-wtãm AssZzX thzm w ]d-bp- - Xv. ChnsS {InkvXob Nn -bp-ambn Imcy-amb Hcp hyxym-kap- v. {InkvXob ]mc-¼-cy- nâ, ico-c- nsâ Wn-I- Xbpw C{µ-nbm-[n-jvTnX Úm\- nsâ ]cn-an-xn-ifpw \ mbn AwKo-I-cn- p psh- n-epw, sszhw Xsâ kmzr-iy- nepw kzcq-]- nepw krjvsn a\p-jy³ Ft - p-ambn Bß-i-co-c- -fpss kwtbm-k-am-wv, Ahsb Hcn- epw thàxn-cn- m-\m-hnã F p ]Tn- n- p- p. acww aqew Xm m-en-iambn thàs]-«mepw {Zh-XzapÅ icocw cq]m- -c-s «p Bßm-hn-t\mSp ho pw IqSn-t cpw F mwv Chn-Ss sslµ-h-nn- -b-\p-k-cn- v, \ne-]m-sv. a\p-jy-i-co-cw, B ß m h v ] p \ À P - - hkvxp-a-b-amb {]]- - nsâ sndnb cq]- nt\m A na km m- amwv (micro cosmos). XvIm-c- nt\m th n ico-c- n\v cq]m- cw h n t a m - N n - - s - S p - p. kw`-hn- p- -Xp-t]m-se, {InkvXob ]mc-¼cyw ]TnssZh-kr-jvSn-bmb {Zhy- n- p- Xv Fs -t - p- {]-] hpw cq]m- -c- am-bpå Bß-i-co-c- - n\v hnt[-b-amipw fpss kwtbm-p-\-amwv. (tdm-a. 8). Bßm-hn-t\msSm w sszh- nsâ A]-cn-ta-b-amb alxzw kzoi-cn- m³ Hcp- p ico-c-s, \mw _lp-am-\n- -bpw, AXv ""]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hnsâ aµncw'' F v Icp-Xp-Ibpw sn p- p. {InkvXob [À½-im-kv{X-w (ethics) Cu thz-im-kv{xm-sn- Øm-\- n-emwv cq]-s -Sp- Xv. DbnÀ pw ]pxnb Poh\pw cq]m- -c-hp-amwv \à ""\S-]Sn''bpsS \nbm-a-i-x-xzw. Ip n-cn- -tam, atä-sx- nepw kpk-ô-{z-hytam a p-ambn Iq«nt À v arx-i-co-c- n-t  hogv p- -Xn\p ]pd-in-ep-å- Nne sszh-im-kv{x Nn -I-fmWv ChnsS kqnn- n- -Xv. a a-b-amb icochpw hn a-b-amb Bßmhpw X½n-epÅ _Ô-amWv ax-nn- bpss aueni ka-ky-i-fn-sem v. 44

39 \{kmwn ]T\w \{kmwn F tziob kzxzt_m[w tum. Fw. Ipcy³ txmakv PmXnbpw PmXn \ma- fpw PmXn NnÓ- fpw A\n-hmcy-ambnbncp Ime v tic-f- nse ]qàhni {In-kvXpamÀ - mà D]-tbm-Kn- n-cp kwú-bmwv \{kmwn F - Xv. ]nâ m-e v amàt m½m {InkvXym-\n-IÄ F v AhcpsS ITn-\-amb txmam-h-t_m[w aqew ]mým-xyà t]cn«p hnfn-s - nepw tic-f- nse simtfm-wn-bâ]qàh ss{ikvx-hà Fs - nepw B \maw kzbw D]-tbm-Kn- ncpt m F p kwi-b-am-wv. ]Xn-s\«mw \qäm- nsâ {]mcw-`- nâ sim n-bnse U p KhÀWÀ tamb³kv, \{km-wn-iä v AhcpsS Bcm-[\m `mj-bpss ASn-Øm-\- nâ \ÂInb kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym\n F t]à C p HutZym-KnI \ma-ambn F nepw, dh- \yqþ PpUo-jy tcj-i-fnâ PmXn-\maw A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-cp Ccp- ]Xmw \qäm- nsâ ]IpXn hsc \{kmwn kà mà tcj-i-fnâ CSw ]nsn- n-cp- p. `qan ssiamä IcW -fnâ... (C- n-s- v) \{kmwn a -hgn (C- m-cpss ai³)... F coxn-bnâ Ah-cpsS Zmb-{IahpwIqSn tnà mwv tcj-s -Sp n h n-cp- -Xv. axw A{]-k-àhpw, PmXn A\n-hm-cy-hp-ambncp tic-fob kaq-l- nâ \{kmwn Hcp ax \maw F -Xn-e-[nIw PmXn kwú-bm-bn-cp- p. F mâ tbip-{in-kvxp-hnsâ A\p-bm-bn- IÄ v \{kmwn F \maw e`n- Xv At±-l- nsâ Ime pxs -bm-wv. \k-dm-b-\mb tbip F mwv At±lw Xsâ Pohn-X-Im-e v Adn-b-s -«n-cp- -Xv. {Iqim-tcm-lW kab v... Ch³ \k-dm-b-\mb tbip blqz mcpss cmpmhv... F v tdmam KhÀW-dm-bn-cp s]m n-tbmkv ]oem-t mkv Ipcn Øm]n tase-gp p Xs (tbml- m³ 19:19) Cu hkvxp-xbpss AwKo-Im-c-am-Wv. tbip-{in-kvxp-hns\ hcp-hm-\på c -I-\mb {InkvXp-hmbn AwKo-I-cn- m blq-zà At±-l- nsâ A\p-bmbn-Isf At mkvtxm-e- Im-e pxs \k-dmb ax- mà F p hnh- n p h n-cp p (At m-kvtxme {]hr n-iä 24:5). CtXmsS F{_mb `mj-bnâ {InkvXym\n F AÀ - nâ \{km F ]Zw cq]o- Ir-X-ambn. ]n osv CtX-bÀ - nâ aäp skaäniv `mj-i-fnepw Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn p XpS- n. Jpdm-\n {InkvXym-\n-IÄ p s]mxp-hmbn \{km F ]Z-amWv D]-tbm-Kn- p- -Xv. Hcn-  \{kmwn Bhmk `qan-bm-bn-cp C s kuzn Atd-_y-bn DÄ-s «{]tz-i- nsâ \Pvdm³ F t]cnsâ AÀ w-xs \{km-wn-i-fpss \msv F m-wv. F. Un. 313-þse anem³ FUn-IvSn-eqsS tim Ì-ssâ³ N{IhÀ n {InkvXp-a-Xs tdmam- km-{am-py- nsâ HutZym-KnI axambn {]mjym-]n- p. C-tXmsS tdmansâ i{xp-hmb t]àjy³ km{am-py- nse {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS IjvS-Imehpw Bcw-`n- p. i{xp-cm-pys cmp-iob ax- nâ DÄs -«-hà F \ne-bnâ t]àjy-bnse {InkvXym-\n-Isf i{xp Nmc- m-cmbn ]cn-k-wn v t]àjy³ `c-wm-[n-im-cn-iä ITn-\-ambn ]oun- n p. Cu ]oubnâ \n pw c s]-sm³ \msp-hn-t«m-sn-b-h-cnâ Hcp hn`m-k-amwv Iv\mbn-s m-½sâ t\xr-xz- nâ tic-f- nâ IpSn-tb-dn-b-Xv. Cu kml-n-cy- n-â tdma³ km{am-py- n-te-xnâ\n p hyxy-kvx-amb Hcp -{In-kvXp-a-X-amWv X -fp-ts-sx v Øm]nt - Xv t]àjy³ ss{ikvx-h-cpss \ne-\nâ n\v A\n-hm-cy-ambn. C cw kzxz \nàam-w- n\v tdmam km{a-py nâ \n p hyxy-kvx-amb ]Z-kw-Ú-Ifpw hnizmk kwln-xbpw t]àjy³ k` kzoi-cn- p. tdmam km{am-py- nse k`-iä ]cn-xy-pn s\kvtxm-dn-b³ thz-im-kv{xw kz w hnizmk kwln-x-bmbpw, AXnsâ D]-Úm-Xm-hmb s\kvtxm-dn-tbm-kn-s\ ]cn-ip- ²\mbpw t]àjy³ k` kzoi-cn- p. tdma³ k`-i-fnse k`m-²y- - mà ]m{xn-bà okv F Øm\-\maw kzoi-cn- -t mä t]àjy³ k` hyxy-kvx-amb ImtXm-en-t mkv F Øm\w X -fpss k`m-²y- \p \ÂIn. CtXm-sSm w tdmam km{am-py- nse {InkvXym\n F Xn\p ]Icw \{kmwn F kwú X -fpss ax-hn-izm-k- nsâ \ma-ambn kzoi-cn p F pw NneÀ Nq n- m-«p- p- v. ticf Xpd-ap-J- -fnâ {InkvXp-amÀ w cq]o-ir-x-am-b-t mä Cu \h-hn-`m-k- n\v Hcp kzxz {]Im-i\ kwú Bh-iy-ambn h p. AtX- Xp-d-ap-J- -fn-ep- m-bn-cp, tbip-hns\ c -I-\mbn AwKo-I-cn- m blq-z-tcm, \{km \maw ]cn-nn-x-am-bncp Ad-_n-Itfm BImw Chsc \{km F p kwt_m-[\ snbvxp XpS- n-b-xv. api-fnâ ]d-ª - ss nä ]cm-aài- \-apåxn\mâ AXv AwKo-I-cn- p- -Xn\v \h-hn-izm-kn- IÄ v _p²n-ap-«p- m-bn-cn- m³ Xc-an-Ã. t]àjy³ k` \{km F axkwú kzoi-cn- n-cp p F nâ, Ah-cpambn am{xw _Ô-s -«n-cp, tdmam km{am-py- nse {InkvXp-aX hni-k\w A\y-am-bn-cp, tic-f nse {InkvXpamÀ - mà \{km AYhm \{kmwn F kwú kzoi-cn- -Xn AÛp-X-an-Ã. tic-f- nâ \¼q-Xncn ti{µo-irx PmXn hyhø cq]-sa-sp- t mä AXn I -hsw Ipe-[À½-ambn A\p-jvTn- p sshiy PmXn-bmbn {]th-in- -txmss \{kmwn F Xv Ah-cpsS PmXn-t cm-bn. tic-f-xo-c v hym]mcw \S- p blq-zà, \{km-wn-iä, Ad-_n-IÄ F n-hà bym-{iaw NqX(-bq-Z)-am- n-f, \{kmwn am nf, tnm\i(tpm-\-i)am nf F -dn-b-s -«n-cp- p þ Bcw-`n ]mýmxy A[n-\n-thiw {InkvXm\n F ]Zs tic-f- n-se- n p. F mâ Cu ]mýmxy ]Zs kz ax-\m-a-ambn AwKo-I-cn- m³ \{km-wn-iä hnk-½-xn- p. A[n-\n-thi kwkvim-c- nsâ `mk-ambn {InkvXym\n F kwútbbpw \{km-wn-iä IW- m n F Xv Cu \nc-k-\- nsâ Hcp tlxp-hm-sw- nepw, hnhn[ PmXn-I-fnÂ\n pw t]mà«p-kokv tdma³ It m-en- À ax]cn-hà \w \S- n cq]wsim \hss{ikvx-h-cm-bn-cp p Cu hnk-½-x- nsâ Hcp apjy- Im-c-Ww. PmXnbpw Ipe-s m-gnepw CÃm Cu hn`m-ks X - fp-ss kaq-l- nsâ `mk-am- n-bmâ IÀi-\-amb \¼q-Xn-cn-þ-tI-{µo- IrX PmXn-hy-h-Ø-bnÂ\n pw X Ä ]pd- m-ip-sa Xncn- -dnhv \{km-wn- p- m-bn-cp- p. X -fp-ss Ipe-[À½hpw Pohn-tXm-]m- [nbpw CÃm-Xm- p Cu \S-]-Snsb \{km-wn-iä FXnÀ -Xv kzm`m-hniw. t]mà-«p-kokv tdma³ It m-en- À m-is«\{km-wn-isf PmXn-hy-h-Ø-bn \n pw A\y-cm- -W-sa v AXn-bmb XmXv]- cy-ap- m-bn-cp- p. AXp-hgn sxmgnâ \jvs-s «v \nk-lm-b-cm-ip \{km-wn-iä Poh-k-Ôm-c-W n-\mbn X Ä v ]qà hnt[-bcm-ip-sa v t]mà«p-ko-kp-imà {]Xym-in- p. CXn-t\m-SpÅ \{kmwn {]Xn-I-cWw {InkvXym\n F ]ZwXs X -fpss \nl-wvuphnâ\n v ambn p sim m-bn-cp- p. DZm-l-c-W- n\v, BZyw At ym-jy-bnâsh v {InkvXym\n F t]cv D mbn (At mkvtxme {]hr n-iä 11:26) F hmiyw BZyw At ym-jybnâsh v \{kmwn F t]cv D mbn F p t`z-s -Sp- n-bmwv ]Xn-s\«mw \qäm- nâ \ncww {KÙ-h-cn-bn {]Xn-]mZn n-cn- p- -Xv. \{km-wn-i-fpss hn«p-ho-gvn-bn-ãm Cu kzxz-t_m-[-{]-i-s\w AwKo-I-cn- m³ A[n-\nthi t]mà«p-kokv tdma³ It m-en- cpw \nà_-ôn-x-cmbn þse DZbwt]cqÀ kp -l-tzm-knsâ Imt\m-\m-I-fpsS ae-bmfw ]IÀ nâ DS-\ofw {InkvXym\n F AÀ - nâ \{kmwn F mwv {]tbm-kn- n-cn- p- -Xv. F mâ \{kmwn ImWm, AtXm-sSm w Fgp-Xn-bp- m- nb, e o³ ]IÀ nâ {InkvXym\n F pxs bpw þse tdmknsâ \nbamh-en-bnepw {InkvXym-\n p ]Icw \{km-wn-bm-wv þ tdmanâ A -Sn ^m. s aâ v ]nbm-t\m-knsâ tdma³ It m-en m thz- ]mt ]pkvx-i- nsâ t]cp-xs \{km-wn-iä Hs pw Adntb- p kwt ] thzmà w F mw.v ]Xn-s\«mw \qäm- nsâ BZy-]m-Z- nâ \h-ss{i-kvx-h-tcbpw ]qàhni ss{ikvx-h-tcbpw PmXo-b-ambn Xncn- -dn-tb- Xv sim nbnse U v A[n-Im-cn-IÄ v `c-w-]-c-amb Bh-iy-ambn h p. hnizm-ks \nbaw F -Xn-ep-]cn amà w Bbn ImWphm³ {Kot m-þ-tdm-a³ ]Ým- -e-apå bqtdm-]yà v km²y-am-bn-cp- n-ã. AXn-t\- m-fp-]cn, \{km-wn F -Xn-\p kam cambn hnhn[ PmXn-I-fnÂ\n v ]cn-hà \w sn -s «\h-ss{i-kvx-hà v \ÂIp-hm³ Hcp s]mxp]zw \nà²m-cww sn p-hm\pw km²y-am-bn-cp- n-ã. Cu kml-n-cy- n-emwv \hss{i-kvx-hà pw \{km-wn-iä pw Ah-cpsS Bcm-[\m `mj-bpss ASn-Øm-\- nâ bym-{iaw e o³ {InkvXym-\n-IÄ, kpdn-bm- 45

40 PmeIw k`m Ncn-{X-{]-th-inI: Ime- nsâ kqn-\-iä t]mä aw-enâ ImtXm-en-t äv ixm-_vzn-tbm-s-\p-_-ôn p ae- -ck`mncn{xw kw{k-ln v Hcp sshzn-i³ Ah-X-cn- n- p {KÙ-amWv "k`m Ncn-{X-{]-th-i- ni-'. Ncn-{X-Im-c-\mb ^m. sska tp _v amxyp Fgp-Xnb Cu {KÙw c m-bn-ct mfw tnmtzym- -c- -fpss kam-lm-c-am-wv. k tukviqä hnzymà n-iä apxâ apxnà -hà hsc-bpå hnizmkn-iä v k`mkw_-ô-amb kwib- Ä v GXp kµà`- nepw D]-tbm-Ks -Sp- p-hm³ Ign-bp Hcp ]pkvx-i-am-wn-xv. k`m-n-cn-{x- nâ ti{µo-i-cn p X m-dm- n-bn-cn- p Cu ]pkvxiw ITn-\-amb ]T-\- -fp-ssbpw hàj- Ä \o - At\z-j- W- -fp-ssbpw Hcp Dev]- -am-wv. Ncn-{X- nsâ AKm-[-X-I-fn ap n- n k`m-kw-_-ôn-bmb Imcy- Ä v D cw Xcp Cu ]pkvxiw k`-bpss Ncn-{X- nsâ am{x-aã Ccp-]- n-sbm p \qäm p-ifnâ k` ssih-cn t\«- -fp-ssbpw hfà -bpssbpw IY IqSn hnh-cn- p- p. Cu ]pkvx-i- nse Hmtcm tnmzyhpw D chpw k`-bpss Ncn- A Ú - X - b n  hfà p-h-cp Hcp kaq-l-amwv t I c - f - n s e k p d n - b m \ n {InkvXym-\n-IÄ {X- nse \mgn-i -Ãp-Ifm-Wv. hàj- Ä, \ma- Ä, hnti-j-w- Ä, hni-zo-i-c-w- Ä, Øe- Ä F n- s\ hm p- I-fmbpw hmn-i- -fmbpw AWn-\n-c- p CXnse hnj-b- Ä Imem-Xo-X-amb {]kàn-bp-å-h-bm-wv. k`m-n-cn-{x- n-te v {]th-in- m³ D]-Icn- p Hcp \qâ m-e-amwv ^m. sska tp _v amxyp-hnsâ Cu DZy-aw. ae- c HmÀ tumivkv k`-bpss Ncn-{Xhpw ]mc-¼-cyhpw Adn- ª p-iq-sm- -h-cmwv AXnse AwK- Ä Gsdbpw. amàt m½m {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS ]mc-¼-cy- nâ \mw DuäwsIm-Åp-sa- nepw AXp kw_-ôn N-cn-{X-t_m[w \ap p Ipdhm-Wv. AÚ-X-bn hfà p-h Hcp kaq-l-amwv tic-f- nse kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-IÄ F mwv Fsâ ] w. ticf Ncn-{X- nsâ \nà½n-xn-bnâ aäp kap-zm-b- -fnse hyàn-ifpw IpSpw-_- fpw Øm]-\- fpw Na- p-h- n-cp {KÙ-h-cn-Ifpw Ic-W- fpw \mähgn-i-w- p-ifpw Iogvhg- - fpw DS-¼-Sn-Ifpw \ný-b- fpw ssiamä N«- fpw aäpw apjy B[mc-tc-J-I-fmbn amdn-bn-«p- v. F mâ c m-bncw hàjs ]mc-¼-cy-apå ae- -k` ticf Ncn{X \nà½n-xn v Fs Ãmw D]-Zm-\- -fmwv kaà n- n-«p-åsx v hne-bn-cp-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. t]mà p-ko-kp-imà tic-f- \n -{In-kvXym-\n-IÄ F kwúiä U pimà cq]s -Sp- n-b- Xv. ]s m-¼xmw \qäm- nâ Xncp-hn-Xmw-IqÀ-þ-sIm n cmpy-`-cww \nb-{ n- n-cp {_n«o-jp-imà kpdn-bm-\n -{In-kvXym-\n-IÄ F p Ønc-ambn D]-tbm-Kn p XpS- n-b-txmss \{kmwn A{]-k-à-amhp-Ibpw kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym\n Dd-bv p-ibpw snbvxp. bymà - nâ \{kmwn F kwú Hcp ]mýmxy simtfm-wn-bâ A[n-\n-th-i- hn-cp² {]XoI-am-Wv. AXn-\m-emWv A[n-\n-thi iàn-i-fpss Ah-in-jvS-amb tic-f- nse \{kmwn ]mc-¼cyw Ah-Im-i-s -Sp Nne k`-iä v \{km-wnkzxzw Dd pw Dd- n pw {]Jym-]n- m-\m-hm- -Xv. Ah-cpsS ]mýmxy hnt[-bxzw þ AXv XmXzn-Ihpw `c-w-]-c-hp-amimw þ IpS- ª p-i-f-bmsx \{kmwn F p A`n-am-\n- p- Xv AÀ cln-xhp-am-wv. F mâ bymà C y³ {InkvXp-amÀ - mà v \{kmwn kwú-bpss {]m[m\yw hà²n- p-h-cn-i-bm-sw bmymà yw AhÀt]mepw Adn-bp- n-ã. C y³ ss{ikvx-hn-ix ]mýmxy A[n-\n-th-i- nsâ Dt]m - -am-sw ]c-s -bpå [mcwbnâ\n v ]qàhni ss{ikvx-hà på kwc- -W- -I-hN-amWv \{kmwn F ]qàhni kwú. Cu bmymà yw AXn-thKw AhÀ DÄs m-tå- n-bn-cn- p- p. nâ hcp- -Xn\p ap¼på Ncn-{X- Ä kq n- p-h-bv m³ \{kmwn kaqlw Pm{KX ]peà n-bn-cp- n-ã. ticf Pohn-X- nsâ {]mtzin-i-x-i-fn-te v shfn w hoip- Xpw DÄ mgvn ]I-cp -X- p-amb [mcmfw tcj-iä \½psS tzhm-e-b- -fnâ \n pw ss{ikvxh IpSpw-_- -fnâ\n pw \jvs-s -«p-t]m-bn-«p v. tic-f-n-cn- {Xs kzcq-]n- p- -Xn apjy-]- m-fn w hln- m³ ]mým-xy-i-àn-i-fpss IS- p-h-c-hn\p tijapå Ime v cnn- - s «ss{ikvxh kaq-l- nsâ B[mc-tc-J-IÄ v Ign-ª n-«p- v F sxmcp hkvxpx-bm-wv. ]mým-xyà Ah-cpsS Zr-jvSn-bn IqSn Fgp-Xnb Ncn-{X- nsâ hcn-iä n-s-bn-eqss hmb\\s- nbmâ ae- -c-k-`-bpss kq va-n- -cn-{xhpw Is - mw. Bdmw amàt m-½m-bpss Ime v Fgp-Xs «\ncww {KÙ-hcn t]mse-bpå B[m-c-tcJ- Isf hnkva-cn psim- à Rm\nXp ]d-bp- -Xv. Ncn-{X-tc-J-IÄ kq n- p-h-bv m\pw ssiamdm\pw \mw {i²n- msx t]mbn. ae- -c-bnâ \ho-i-cw hmzn-i-fp-ssbpw At ym-jy³ hmzn-i-fp-ssbpw cwk-{]-th-i\w kq va-ambn hne-bn-cp- m³ DX-Ip Hcp tcjm ]mc-¼cyw \ap- pt m? Ncn-{Xs kw_-ôn AÚX ae- c k`-bpss hfà bv p ]e L«- fnepw tim«w hcp- n-bn-«p- v. ^m. sska tp _v amxyp-hnsâ "k`m Ncn{X {]th-ini' \s½ kw_-ôn- n-s-t mfw Hcp Nq p-]-e-i-bm- Wv. \½psS Ncn-{Xhpw ]mc¼cyhpw a\-ên-em- m³ D]-I-cn- p Hcp {KÙ-sa \ne-bv m-wv Cu ]pkvx-i nsâ {]m[m\yw. k`m-n-cn{x {]th-ini ^m. sska tp _v amxyp hne : 130 cq] tim n-iä v: ^m. sska tp _v amxyp IS-am³]-Xm-en simäm- qà ]n.-h., Abn-cqÀ-þ t^m : ]pxnb ]pkvx-i- Ä ImtXmen F p snmãn- hmgv n Rmbw tum. Fw.-Ipcy-³ txmakv Z z n k - l - { k m - _ v Z - n - s e n \nâ p amàt m½m \{km-wn-i-fpss kzmx-{ y- n-sâbpw tzio-b-x-bp-ssbpw {]Xo-I-amb ae- -c-bnse ImtXm-en-t - änsâ A[n-\n-thihncp-²- N-cn{X kao-]- \- -fpss t\àhm-b\. tkm^nbm _p vkv tim«-bw hne : 125 cq] AP-]m-e-I³ ^m. tum. Sn.-sP-. tpmjz k`-bpss hfà -bpss ]mx-bnâ \nà mbi ] p-h-ln- p sshzn-isâ Pohn- Xhpw IÀ½-k-c-Wn-Ifpw hnip-²-th-z-]pkvx-i- nsâ shfn- - nâ hnnn- \w sn p ]T\w. k`m-ip-{iq-j-bnâ GÀs -Sp- -hà v {]tbm-p-\-{]-zhpw {]tnm-z-\-{]-z-hp-amb ]pkvx-iw. kn.-f-kv.-f-kv. _p vkv hne : 90 cq] 46

41 sf Ie sf -Wp-I-fpsS sszhni kuµcyw tpmàpv tpmk^v C - m-«nâ HmÀ -tumivkv Bcm-[-\sb ssnx\yh- m- p Xn {]Xo-I- Ä hln- p ] v \nkvxp-e-am-wv. Iem-cq-]- fpw NnÓ- fpw {]Xo-I fpw \nd-ª p-\nâ p \½psS Bcm-[\ Ahm-Ny-amb A\p-`q-Xn-I-fn-te v hnizm-kn-isf \bn- p- p. A -s\-bmwv kpt_m[ a\kv At_m[ {]Úm-X-e- -fnte v Cd- n-s -Ãp-hm-\pÅ iàn BÀPn- p Xv. ]uckvxy k`-i-fnâ C cw hn-t\-xc B²ym-ßnI A²yb-\- n\v henb {]m-[m-\y-am-wp-å-xv. hnip-²-_-en-bnâ P\w `mk-`m- m-ip- Xv ]t -{µn-b- -fmb I v, snhn, aq v, ck-\, kv]àiw F n-hsim- m-wv. AXp-sIm v kxy-hn-izmkw AXnsâ X\n-a-bn \ne-\nà p-hm³ ]uc-kvxy-k-`-iä hnhn[ Iem-cq-]- sf B{i-bn- p-t]m-cp- p. t]mà p-ko-kp-imcpw Cw ojp-imcpw DÄs -Sp ]mýmxy k`mkaq-l- Ä bpàn-bnâ A[n-jvTn-X-amb Ah-cpsS kwkvimcw ASn-t  n- pi hgn C cw Iem-cq-]- sf \ntj-[n- p-hm³ CS-h-cp- n-bn-«p- v. Ahsb hos -Sp-t - Xv C p \ap v AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. Imc- Ww, C{µn-b- Ä v {Kln- p-hm³ {]bm-k-apå bmymà y- sf Ipd-s - nepw icn-bmbn DÄs m-åp-hm-\på D]m-[n-IfmWv {]Xo-I- Ä. {InkvXp-hnsâ {Iqin-X-cq]w hln- p Ipcn-ip- IÄ ]mýmxy ]mc-¼-cy- nâ s]«-h-bm-wv. Ahsb ]uckvxy-k-`-iä t{]mõm-ln- n- p- n-ã. Nn{X- Ä D]-tbm-Kn-t - n-h-cp-t¼mä sszh-km- n²yw {]I-S-am-Ip sf Wp-IfmWv Gähpw A`n-Im-ayw. {InkvXp-hn-sâbpw amxm-hn-sâbpw Xncp-lr-Z-b- Nn{X- Ä e o³ ax-`-àn-bpss Hcp {]txyi Ime-L-«- nsâ kw`m-h-\-i-fm-i-bmâ Ah \mw Hgn-hm- pi Xs thww. F mwv C -d-bp ]uckvxy sf Wp-IÄ F v a\- Ên-em- p-hm³ \ap-s m v {ian- mw. "sf ' F hm n\v HmIvkvt^mÀUv \nl p simsp- p AÀ w ]uckvxy k`m ]mc-¼-cy- nâ hc-bv -s -Sp {InkvXp-hn-sâbpw aäpw Nn{Xw F -s{x. CXnÂ\n pw sf -Wp- IÄ v HmÀ -tumivkv k`-i-fp-am-bpå _Ôw hyà-am-w-tãm. Xs -bp-a-ã, AXv k`m ]mc-¼-cy- nâ s]sp Hcp Iem-cq]w IqSn-bm-Wv. GsXmcp Iemcq]hpw AXn-tâ-Xmb {]txyi \nb-amh-en-i-fpss N«- q-«nâ \nât - -h-bm-wv. Hcp a\p-jysâ Iem- ]-c-amb kn²n-iä Xsâ Xo vw-amb Bßo-bm-\p-`-h- -fn-eqss sszh-ir-]-bnâ km mâ -cn- -s -Sp- -Xnsâ Gähpw D -aamb ZrjvSm- -amwv sf -Wp-IÄ. thz-im-kv{x-]-chpw {InkvXpim-kv{X-]-chpw Bb k\m-x\kxy -fmwv sf Wp-I-fn IqsS A\m-h-cWw sn -s -Sp- -Xv. sszh- nsâ aà yo-i-cww AXnsâ FÃm AÀ -X-e- -fnepw ChnsS shfn-hm- -s -Sp- p. sszhs Bcpw Hcp \mfpw I n-«nã; F mâ {InkvXp-hn sszhw ]qà -ambn shfn-s -«p. A s\ hà -\bv v AXo-X-\mbn-cp sszhw hà -\bv v hnt[-b-\m-bn. {InkvXp-hnsâ Ombbn sszh- nsâ Omb {]I-S-am-bn. Cu hkvxpxiä Hcp ]Ým- -e-sa-t mww a\-ênâ sh p-sim v Bdp hnhn[ ho -WtIm-Wp-If- nâ IqSn sf WpI- s- f - pd- n v Nn n - p - X- mwv Ic- Wob- w. 1 thz-imkv{x Xew: Bcm-[-\-bn sf -Wp-I-fpsS {]m[m\yw sf -Wp-IÄ \ne-\nâ p- Xv sszhw F ASn-Øm-\- nem-wv. sf -Wp-I-fpsS thz-im-kv{x-am\w a\p-jy-kr-jvsn v hnip² Xncp-sh-gp- p-i-fn-eq-ssbpw k`m ]mc-¼cy fn-eq-ssbpw shfn-hm-i-s «hnizmkkxy- -fnâ A[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn- p- p. \nc- -c-cpss kphn-tijw F v ]gbime ]nxm- - mà sf - Wp-Isf hnti-jn- n- n-cp- p. A -cm-`ym-k- nsâ Ipd-hp-Å-hÀ tzhm-eb `n n-isf [\y-am- n-bn-cp sf -Wp-IÄ I mwv kphn-tij kxy- Ä Ipsd-sb- nepw {Kln- n-cp- -Xv. bmsxm- ns\-sb- nepw {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn- p- -h-bã sf -Wp-IÄ, adn- v, Ah ]e-xn-s\bpw shfn-hm- p-i-bmwv sn p- -Xv. AZr-iy-\mb sszhs Bcpw t\cn«p I n-«n-ã. ]t sszh-]p-{x-\mb tbip- {In-kvXp-hn-eqsS sszhw Zriy-\m-bn. Cu kxy- n\p kam-\-amb Xe - nâ\n - ps- Im p am{xta \mw sf W- pi- sf a\ê- ne- m - mh- q. "]g-b-\n-baw' sszh- n-sâtbm sszh-kw-_-ôntbm Bb Omb-Itfm {]Xn-a-Itfm \nà½n- p -Xn\pw Bcm-[n- p- -Xn\pw IÀi-\-amb hne v GÀs -Sp- n-bn-«p v (]p-d- msv 20:4, 5) a\p-jy- \nà½nx Omb-Isf Bcm-[n- p- Xv {kjvsm-hns\ Bcm-[n- p- - Xn\p ]Icw krjvsnsb Bcm-[n- p- -Xn\p Xpey-am-Wv. Cu hnjb- nse "]pxnb\nba' \ne-]msv kq va-ambn a\-ên-em- -Ww. ko\mbv ae-bnâ tamsi sszh-km- n²yw A\p-`-hn- p, ]t sszh-zài\w tamsibv v {]m-]y-am-bn-ã. Gen-bm-hn-sâbpw iapth-en-sâbpw Hs A\p-`hw C -s\-xs Bbn-cp- p. AtX-kabw hn. tbml- msâ kphn-tijw 1:14  C s\ ]d-bp- p, ""hn\w PU-ambn \½n Bh-kn p; Ahsâ alxzw ]nxmhnâ\n- på GI-Pm-Xsâ al-xzw-t]mse R Ä I p; Ah³ Ir]bpw kxyhpw \nd-ª -h-\m-ip- p.'' AXp-t]mse 1 tbml- m³ 1:1  Ahs\ R Ä I p-sim p I p F v kv]jvsambn ]d-bp- p- v. Fs I h³ ]nxm-hns\ I n-cn- p p F v {InkvXp Xs ]d-ª n-cn- p- p. AZr-iy-\m-b-hsâ Omb ]IÀ pi km[y-a-ã. F mâ AZriy-\m-b-h³ Zriy-\m-Ipt¼mÄ Omb ]IÀ p-hm³ km[n- pw. hà - q-«p-iä D]-tbm- Kn v A cw Omb-IÄ IS-em-kntem Im³hm-kntem Nph-cp-Ifntem Hs ]IÀ m-hp- -Xm-Wv. {InkvXp-im-kv{X- nsâ ASn-Øm-\- nâ a\pjy-\mb {InkvXp-hnsâ Ombbpw sszh- nsâ Ombbpw hyxy-kvx-aã; aà yo-i-c-w- nâ sszhw a\p-jy-\p-ambn kàæ ]qà -X-bnepw H m-bn. {InkvXphn \nd-bp a\pjy³ sszh- nsâ kpo-h-omb BÀÖn- p- p. {kjvsmhv ]ZmÀ -cq]w kzoi-cn- p-sim- mwv krjvsn v c -bpss hmxnâ ImWn- p-sim-sp- -Xv. A s\ hcp-t¼mä ]ZmÀ hpw _lp-am\w AÀln p- -Xmbn a\-ên-em- mw. hàw-\-iä v AXo-X-\mb hn-\-am-ip ]nxmhv sszh-{]k-hn-{xn-bnâ\n pw P-U-sa-Sp- -t mä hàw-\-iä p hnt[-b-\m-bn. A s\ a\p-jysâ hni-e-am- -s «sszh-km-zriy- nsâ hos -Sp- n\p hgn Xpd- p. c -bpss Cu amà -amwv hn-\-am-ip Xncp-sh-gp- p-i-fnepw Omb-I-fm-Ip sf -Wp-Ifnepw A\m-h-cWw sn -s -Sp- -Xv. sf WpIÄ {InkvXp-hnsâ a\p-jy-`m-hs Xpd- p-im-wn- p {]Xo-I- -fã, adn v {InkvXp-hnse sszh-`m-h-s -bmwv hni-z-am- p- -Xv. F mâ \thm- m-\-imew apxâ ]mým-xy- ]m-c-¼-cy- nâ {InkvXp-hns\ "a\p-jy-`m-h- n-emwv' Ah-X-cn- n- p- -Xv. A cw Ombm-Nn-{X- Ä Hcp- p-hm³ a\p-jy-tam-u-ep- Isf hms-ibv v FSp- p-i-t]mepw sn p- p- v. HmÀ -tumivkv ]mc¼cy nse sf -Wp-Isf Cu ]Ým- -e- nâ IqsSbpw Xncn- -dn-b-ww. \ap p ImWp-hm³ I p-ifpw tiä p-hm³ snhn-ifpw D v. kphn-tijw hmbn- -s -Sp-t¼mÄ snhn-iä sim p tiä p-ibpw Xncp-h-N\w DÄs m-åp-ibpw sn p- p. AtX ka-bw, I p-iä sim v {InkvXp-hns\ sf -Wp-I-fn I v sszh-xz- n-epå \½psS hnizmkw ZrV-am- p- p. Cu ImcWw sim pxs -bmwv sf -Wp-IÄ {InkvXp-hns\ a\pjysâ Omb-bn Ah-X-cn- n- msx sszh-a-\p-jy-\mbn, al-xzo- I-c-W- nsâ AXyp- -tim-s-xn-bnâ Nn{Xo-I-cn- p-hm³ {ian- p- - Xv. CtX ImcWw sim p-xs HmÀ -tumivkv ]mc¼cyw {InkvXp-hns\ Xsâ ]oum-\p-`h Ah-Ø-bn Nn{Xo-I-cn- p- n- Ã. "Ipcn-insâ hgn' XpS- n-bh \½psS k`-i-fnâ CÃm- Xpw CXp-sIm- p-x-s -bm-wv. F mâ ]mým-xy-kw-kv m-c- nsâ ImgvN- msv CXn-\p-hn-cp-²-am-Wv. HmÀ -tumivkv sf -Wp-IÄ X\Xp Iem-aq-ey-t mss {InkvXp amà - nse hnizm-k-k-xy- - fmb ]cn-ip-²-{xn-xzw, aà yoic-ww, \nxy-x, a\p-jysâ sszho- I-cWw apx-em-b-hsb kwth-z\w sn p- p. {InkvXp-hnsâ DbnÀ n-s\- mä \mw {]m[m\yw simsp- p- Xv ]mxm-f- nâ \n på Xsâ Btcm-l-W- n-\m-wv. CXv {InkvXp-hnsâ D m-\- hp-ambn _Ô-s «\½psS Bcm-[-\-I-tfmSv CW- n-t m-ip- p. 2 Bcm-[-\, A\p-jvTm-\, kmaq-lni Xew: Hmtcm sf -Wn\pw AXn-tâ-Xmb k -bnâ BNm-c, A\pjv-Tm-\, kmaq-lni {]kàn D v. sf -Wp-I-fn Hcp hyànbpss Omb \nà_-ô-am-wv. AXv {InkvXp BImw, ]cn-ip-²-am- Xmthm GsX- nepw hnip-²t\m hnip-²tbm BImw. amem-j- 47

42 sf Ie amsc Ah-X-cn- n- p- p-s - nâ AhÀ v a\p-jy-cq-]-amwv \ÂIp-I. {]Ir-Xn-bpsS Nn{Xo-I-cWw Gähpw AXym-hiy kµà`- -fnâ am{x-am-bn-cn- pw. Ft mgpw sf -Wnse {][m\ hyànxzw a\p-jy-om-b-bnâ Xs Bbn-cn- -Ww. F mâ CXv Hcp km[m-cw Ombm-Nn-{X- nsâ {]Ir-X- nâ Bbn- q-sm. Hcp hnip-²s\ Nn{Xo-I-cn- p-t¼mä At±-l- nsâ bymà -Nn-{Xtam cq]tam `mhtam Aà hà n- p- -Xv. BZn-a-Im-e v Pohn- n-cp- - h-cpss X\-Xp-cq-]-`m-h- Ä \ap v \ný-b-an-ã-xm-\pw. kao-]-ime v Pohn- n-cp- -h-cm-sw- nâ Ah-cpsS bymà t^mt«m-iä D m-ipw. ]s Hcp hnip²³ sf -Wn Nn{Xo-Icn- -s -Spt¼mÄ At±-l- nsâ t^mt«m-bnâ\n v hyxykvx-\m-bn-cn- pw. Imc-Ww, sf -Wn \ng-en- p Xv Hcp hnip-²sâ {]Ir-X- nepw Pohn-X-N-cy-I-fnepw ip{iq-j-i-fnepw {]Xy- -ambn \ng-en- n-cp `mh- -fmbncn pw. AXm-bXv At±-ls sf -Wn \mw Xncn- -dn-bp-t¼mgpw At±lw hyxy-kvx-\m-wv. Cu hyxym-k- n-\p-im-cww sf -Wn hnip-²sâ cq]m- c-s -«, sszho-i-cn- -s «Ah-Øsb Nn{Xo-I-cn- p-hm-\mwv {ian- p- Xv F X-s{X. B icocw am\p-jni ico-c-{]-ir-x- nâ \n pw thdn«p \nâ - - -h w Ah-X-cn- n- -s -Sp- p. {InkvXp-hn shfn-s -Sp- -s -«, sszho-i-cn s «icocw t]mse Cu Ah-X-c-Ws a\-kn-em- -Ww. HmÀ -tumivkv sf Wp-IÄ \½psS hnizm-k-k-xy- sf Zriy-am-[y-a- nâ IqsS ]Tn- n- p-x-cp- -h-bm-wv. sf -Wp-I-fn ssiifpw Imep-Ifpw bymà - nâ DÅ-Xn-t\- mä timjn {]Ir-X- n-emwv Ah-X-cn- n- m-dp-å-xv. AtX-k-abw I v, aq v F n-hbpw Nne-t mä snhn-ifpw IqSp-X hep- - nâ ImWn- p- p. Nne sf -Wp-I-fn Xe Xmc-X-tay\ sndp-xm-bn-cn- pw. Cu hn[- n-epå hyxym-k- Ä B hnip-²³ Xsâ Cl-tem-I- Po-hn-X- nâ A\p-`-hn imco-cni ]ou-\- -fp-ssbpw kzb ]cn- Xym-K-{In-b-I-fp-sSbpsams {]Xn-^-e-\-ambn a\-kn-em- Ww. hogvn-b- mâ sshi-ey-s «Omb Aà sf -Wp-IÄ Nn{Xo-I-cn- p- -Xv. sf -Wp-I-fn Ah-X-c-n- n- -s -Sp hnip-²à taml- sf Pbn- -h-cm-wv. AhÀ kzà -cmpyw Imw n- p- -h-c-ã, kzà -cmpyw t\sn-b-h-cm-wv. sf -Wn Nn{Xo-I-cn- p hnip-²s\ Ft mgpw t\à p- t\à ap-jm-ap-j-ambn am{xw Ah-X-cn- n- p- p. Hcn- epw ]màizzrjvsnbneã Nn{Xo-I-c-Ww. F mâ hnip-²- mcpsssbm w _lp-am-\n- -s -ts- h-c-ãm hyàn-xz- Ä ]màiz-zrjvsn-bnâ Nn{Xo-I-cn- -s -Sp- p. DZm-l-c-W- n\v ]mem-cnh«w CS-h-I-bpsS lukv amk-kn-\mb "Fssdkv 2012'sâ sabv 2012 e w {i²n- p-i. KohÀKokv kl-zm-bpss sf -Wn klzm \s½ t\à p-t\à apjmapj-am-bn- Im-Wp-t¼mÄ kà w, IpXnc Ch-bpsS Hcp-hiw am{x-amwv \½Ä ImWp- -Xv. KohÀKokv kl- ZmbpsS CX-c-Nn-{X- -fp-ambn sf -Wnsâ hyxymkw ChnsS hyà-am-ip- p. bqzm-kn-s\-t m-se-bpå s\käohv hyàn-xz- sf sf -Wn Ah-X-cn- n- p-t¼mgpw Nn{Xo-I-cWw ]màiz-zr-jvsnbnâ am{x-am-bn-cn- pw. \nkm-bnse hnip-² -{Kn-tKm-dn-tbmkv ]d-bp- -Xp-t]mse ]p\cp m-\- nâ ]ZmÀ -a-b-amb \½psS ]g-b -i-co-c- n-\p-]- Icw \ap v ]pxn-bxpw al-xzo-i-cn- -s -«-Xp-amb icocw e`n- p- p. ]gb ico-c-t msv Cu ]pxnb icocw {]Xy- -km-zriyw \ne- \nà p-t¼mgpw ]g-b-xnsâ kàh-zq-jy- fpw ]pxn-b-xnâ A{]- Xy- -am-bn-cn- pw. hmà²-iy- nsâ Npfn-hp-Itfm sshi-ey- tfm H pw CXn D m-ip-i-bn-ã. sshim-cn-i-`m-h- Ä pw sf -Wp-I-fn Øm\w CÃ. thz-\tbm kl-\tam Nn{Xo-I-cn- - s -Sp- n-ã. {Iqinse Ah-km\Xncp-h-N\w ""FÃmw \nhr- nbmbn'' F m-bn-cp- -tãm. sf -Wp-I-fnse Nn{Xo-I-c-W- Ä Cu Xncp-h-N-\- n-\p-tijw DÅ-Xm-Wv, ap³]p-å-h-b-ã. ]mýmxy ]mc-¼cyw ""FÃmw \nhr- n-bm-ip ''Xn\p ap³]på IjvS-X- IÄ v {]m[m\yw simsp- p-t¼mä sf -Wp-IÄ A cw sshim-cn-i-`m-h sf Hgn-hm- p-i-bm-wv sn p-i. {Iqio-I-cWw sf -Wp-I-fn Ah-X-cn- n- -s -ts kml-ncyw D m-bmâ acn {InkvXp-hns\ am{xw Nn{Xo-I-cn- p- p. acn {InkvXp Pohn- n-cp {InkvXp-hnsâ kàhh- n[ kuµc- y`- mh- - f- ne- pa- mwv AhX- - cn - n - s- S- p - X- v. AtXt- ]ms- e, sf W- pi- f- pss Bßob- t- I{µw I pi- f- mw- v. Ah ImgvN- m-csâ apj-t m-«-ã, adn v Ahsâ lrz-b- n-te v Nqgv v Cd- p-ibmwv. ssiiä pw D v {it²-b-{]m-[m\yw. s]mxpth ssiiä Xpd pw kzà o-b-]n-xm-hn-t\m-spå \nc- -camb At]- -bpss `mh- n-ep-amwv Nn{Xo-I-cn- -s -Sp-I. 3. kmàæ-{xn-i-xew: Hcp hyànsb ti{µo-i-cn v Xbm-dm- p sf -Wnsâ ]Ým- ew {]Xn-\n-[m\w sn p- Xv cq]m- -c-s «temi- nsâ Ombsb Bbn-cn- pw. AhnsS {]IrXn \nxy-x-bnse cq]m- -c- n\v hnt[-b-s -«n-cn- pw. {]Ir-Xnbpw a\p-jy-t\m-ssm w cq]m- c- n\pw hos -Sp- n-\p-ambn Im n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. ""Fs - mâ kàæ-kr-jvsnbpw sszh-a- -fpss {]Xy- -Xbv v {]Xym-in pw {]Xo- n pw Ccn- p p'' (tdm-aà 8:19). am\-hn-i-x-bpss hàmhv F p hnti-jn- n- -s -Sm-hp {]kn² kmln-xy-im-c³ ssh w apl-½zv _joà Xsâ hnjym-x-amb sndp-iy ""`qan-bp-ss Ah-Imin-IÄ'' am[y-a-am n kwth-z\w sn p Bi-b- Ä ChnsS tnà p-hm-bn s -ts -h-bm-wv. sf -Wp-I-fn {]Xn-^-en- p {]IrXn hos -Sp- -s - «Xpw sszho-i-cww {]m]n -Xp-amb Ah-Ø-bn-emWv. AXp-sIm- mwv sf -Wp-Ifn Nn{Xo-I-cn- -s -Sp ark- -fpss I p- IÄ a\p-jy-cpss I p-iä t]mse ImW-s -Sp- -Xv. sszhw hmgp GIk`-bpsS `mk-amwv {]Ir-Xnbpw AXnse kàæ Ncm- N-c- fpw F kxyw sf -Wp-I-fn \ng-en- p- p. ChnsS kqnn- n- s Sp Xv ]pxp- -s «krjvsn-bm-wv. tbip-hnsâ tbmà±m³ \Zn-bnse kv\m\w Nn{Xo-I-cn- p sf -Wn tbip-hnsâ he-xp-h-i v tbml- m³ kv\m]-i³ \nâ p-t¼mä CS-Xp-h-i- v \o p\-c Xe-ap-Snbpw XmSnbpw DÅ Hcp htbm-hr-²³ ssibnâ Hcp ] ac- n-ã -]n-sn- p-sim v \nâ p- p. Cu hr²³ tbmà±m³\-zn-bpss a\p-jy-hâ -c-w-am- Wv. {]Ir-Xnsb Poh-\p-Å-Xmbn sf -Wp-IÄ Nn{Xo-I-cn- p- - Xnsâ DZm-l-c-W-am-Wn-Xv. `qx-e- nse FÃm at\m-lm-cn-xbpw DZv`-hn- p- Xv sszhoi kuµcy- nâ \n m-wv. {]Ir-Xnbpw temiw apgp-h\pw sszhoi kuµ-cy- nsâ {]Xn-^-e-\-a-mWv. Cu kxy-amwv sf -Wp-IÄ shfn-s -Sp- p- -Xv. sszhoi km n²yw Xncn- dnª v Cu at\m-lm-cn-x-bnâ `mk-`m- mim- \mwv krjvsn- hn-fn- -s -«n-cn- p- -Xv. \ bpw Xn bpw temiamsi \nd-ª n-cn- p- p-sh- nepw ap³xq w \ bv p Xs -bm-wv. AXp-sIm- mwv sf -Wp-I-fn \ Ft mgpw at\m-lm-cn-x-bpss \nd-hn-\mâ {]Im-in- n- -s -«n-cn- p- -Xv. 4. Bcm-[\mXew: sf -Wp-I-fpsS Dt±iw Bcm-[-\-bm-Wv. k`m-ti-{µo-ir-xamb Bcm-[-\bpsS Ah-iy-L-S-I-amWv sf -Wp-IÄ. kzimcy hyàn-xe hw- - n-\på D]m-[n-I-fm-bn-«Ã Chsb Dt±-in- p- -Xv. ASn-Øm-\-]-c-ambn Ch k`m-xe Bcm-[-\-bpsS Ahn-`m-Py- L-S-I-am-Wv. Bcm-[-\-bn Xncp-h-N-\-k-tµ-i- sf sf -Wp-IÄ ]qà -am- p- p. sf -Wp-IÄ Hcn- epw Hcp t^mt«m Kme-dnbn {]ZÀin- n- -s -ts hb-ã. Kmednbn Xq -s -Sp sf -Wp-IÄ v shdpw {]ZÀi-\-h-kvXp- -fpss Øm\w am{xta D m-iq. Xncp-h-N-\-t m-ssm w sf -Wp-IÄ Bcm-[-\-bn kpo-h-ambn hkn- p- p. Bcm-[-\-bn-eqsS Ah _lp-am-\n- -s - Sp- p. {]mà -\-bnâ Ah _lp-am-\hpw BZ-chpw IcKX-am- p- p. Ahbv p e`n- p BZ-chv hmkvx-h- nâ B sf Bcp-tS-XmtWm B hnip-²³ BZ-cn- -s -Sp-hm-\mWv ImcWamIp- -Xv. sf -Wp-IÄ BZ-cn- -s -Sp-Ibpw _lp-am-\n- -s -Sp-Ibpw sn p-t¼mä Hcn- epw Ahsb Bcm-[-\m-h-kvXp-hmbn IW- m- -cp-xv. ]g-b-im-e v ]Ån-I-fn Pe-Om-bm-Nn-{X- Ä `n n-bnepw a nepw Hs sn p ]Xn-hp- m-bn-cp- p. k`m-kw-_-ôn-bmb s]cp- m-fp-iä, I\y-Im-a-dn-bw, hnip-²à Hs C cw Pe-Om-bm- Nn-{X- -fnâ Ah-X-cn- n- -s -«n-«p- v. Bcm-[\mN{I- nse hnhn[ kw`-h- Ä Cuhn[ Nn{X- -fn-eqss A\m-h-cWw sn -s - Sp-t¼mÄ Ah Bcm-[-\-bn kw_-ôn- p hnizm-kniä v klm-b-i-c-am-ip- p. AtX ka-bw, sf -Wp-IÄ C cw Pe-OmbmN- n{- X - s- f - mä D]c- nb- mb asämcp Xe - ne- mwv \nâ p - X- v. tim Ìâ-bn³ Ime-L-«- n-\p-tijw XSn-sIm- på ]m\- ep-i-fnâ Bte-J\w sn -s «sf -Wp-IÄ {]Nmcw t\sn- p-s- n. sf -Wp-I-fp-ambn _Ô-s «thz-im-kv{x-kw-hm-z- Ä \ÂIn-bn-«pÅ ktµiw Ch Bcm-[-\-bn hnizm-kn-iä v klmb-i-c-amb am[y-a- Ä Xs -bm-sw- -s{x. ss_kâ-bnâ Ime v [mcmfw Nn{X- Ä, azv_-lm-isf [\y-am- n-bn-cp- p. hn. IpÀ_m-\-bp-ambn _Ô-s «Nn{X- Ä, hnti-jn v At m-kvtxme- m-cpss hn. IpÀºm-\-kzo-I-c-Ww, Ah-km-\s A mgw apxem-bh hnizm-kn-iä v hn. IpÀºm-\-bp-ambn ssph-_ôw ]peà p-hm³ CS-bmbn F Xv \nkvxà -amb kwk-xn-b-s{x. {Ita-W, ]c-¼-cm-kx HmÀ -tumivkv sf -Wp-I-fpsS kzoimcyx hnizm-kn-iä n-s-bnâ hà²n- p-ibpw snbvxp. 48

43 sf Ie 5. Bßo-b-Xew: sf Wn XoÀ -bmbpw Bßo-bX \nd-ª p-\nâ p- p. Hcp Bßob kaq-l- nsâ Bßob Pohn-X-hp-ambn sf -Wp- IÄ v Cg-]n-cn-bm _Ô-am-Wp-Å-Xv. k` apgp-h-\p-ambn AXnsâ Bßob A\p-`q-Xn-IÄ sf -Wp-I-fn IqSn- ]- p-sh- p- p. sf -Wp-IÄ Xbm-dm- p- -hà XojvW-amb Bßob A\p-`q-Xn-I-fn IqSn IS- p-t]m-b-hà Bbn-cn- pw. Ah-cpsS sf -Wp-IÄ Ah-cpsS Bßob A\p-`qXnIÄs m w k`m-]mc-¼-cy- nse Bg-amb kxy- Ä DÄs m-åp- -hbpw Bbn-cn- pw. 14,15 ix-i -fnâ cq]-s «Hcp {]kn² sf Xmt_mÀ ae-bnse adp-cq-]- A-\p-`-h-hp-ambn _Ô-s -«-Xm-bn-cp- p. CXn Hcp XqshÅ tae n [cn {InkvXp-hnsâ ico-c- nâ \n pw kphà civan-iä ]pd-s -Sp- -Xmbn ImWmw. ""krjvsn- s - Sm {]Imiw'' F v ]nxm- - mà CXns\ hnti-jn- n- p- p. {]mà -\-bn-emwv sf -Wp-I-fpsS hfà. {]mà -\-bnâ AÃmsX sf Hcn- epw \ne-\nâ p-i-bn-ã. AXv {]mà -\- bnâ cq]w simåp- p. AXv {]mà -\-bv p-th n cq]w simåp- p. AXv sszh-kvt\lw F Nme-I-i-àn-bm cq]w simåp- p. sf -Wp-I-fpsS ap³]nâ \n v kxy-k-ô-x-tbmss {]mà n- p- -hà v Ah kpo-h-am-ip A\p-`hw D m-im-dp- v. GsXm-cp hnip-²sâ sf -Wn\p ap³]n-emtwm \nâ p- - Xv, B hnip-²sâ kpo-h-km- n²yw A\p-`-hn- p-hm³ km[n- p- p. {InkvXp-hnsâ sf -Wn\p ap³]nâ \n v {]mà n- p hyàn v Xsâ hnizmk XojvW-X-bn {InkvXp-km- n²yw kpo-h-ambn A\p-`-th-Zy-am-Ip- p. Nne kµà` - f- nâ hà - \bv v AXoX- a- mb ]cna- f kuc`yw A\p`- h- s- S- p - X- mbn tcjs- - Sp - s- «- n«- p - v. F mâ C cw A\p-`h Ä AÛp-X- -fpss KW- nâs -Sp n hmwn-py-hâ -cn- p {]h-wx sxäp-xs -bmw.v Ahsb Bßob A\p-`q-Xn-I-fmbn DÄs m- psim v hnizm-k- nâ IqSp-X XojvW-X-bmÀÖn- p-i-am-{x-am- Wv \mw snt - -Xv. 6. [mà½n-i-xew: sf -Wp-IÄ kwth-z\w sn p ktµ-i- -fnâ [mà½ni aqey- Ä \nd-ª p-\nâ p- p. BZn-a-Im-e v {InkvXo-b-k` kaq-l- nâ A`o-ap-Jo-I-cn-t - n-h- Xv kwkvim-ciq-\ycmbhtctbm Incm-X-a-X-hn-`m-K- -fnâs]-«-htctbm kxyw Xncn- -dn-bp-hm³ {]m]vx-c-ãm- -htctbm Hs Bbn-cp- p. F mâ C v k` t\cn-sp- Xv {InkvXob aqey- -fpss k a\-kn-em- n-btijw Ahsb \njvimk\w snbvx Hcp kaq-l-s bm-wv. HmÀ -tumivkv k`-iä Cu shãp-hnfn Gsä- Sp- p-hm³ X m-dm-i-ww. Cu cwk v k`-bpss Xm v Bcm-[-\m-Po-hn-Xhpw sf -Wp-IÄ kwth-z\w sn p ktµ-i- -fp-am-wv. hnizmkw XyPn Hcp kaqls t\àh-gn- p -sim- p-h-cp-hm-\på _m[yx \ap- p- v. kz PohnXw AÂ]-t\-c-t -s - nepw ]màiz-hâ -cn- -s -«- ]- - n-\p-th n ] p-sh- p-hm³ Bcpw k -²-cm-Ip- n-ã. AtX-k-abw k` hnizm-kn-isf Htc ico-c- nsâ `mk-am n {InkvXp F Xe-bpsS Iogn-em- p-hm-\på bxv\w XpS-cp- p. ]cn-ip-²-{-xn-xz- nse aq v Bf- - Ä kvt\lw ]c-kv]cw ] n-sp-, B Ahm-Ny A\p-`-h- n-te v \mw cq]m- -c-s -Sp AhØ kwpm-x-am-i-ww. sf ti{µo-i-cn- på Bcm-[\ hn{k-lm-cm-[- \tbm? k` F m-ehpw k mà Pohn-X-aq-ey- fpw ssh-hm-lni Pohn-X-hn-ip-²nbpw Xn -IÄ Dt]- n- på s]cp-am-ä-co-xn-ifpw ]Tn- n- p- p. KÀ`-On{Zw AXo-h-Kp-cp-X-chpw sime-]m-x-i-k-am- \hpw Bb ]m]-ambn k` IW- m- p- p. amxr-xz- n\v henb {]m[m-\y-amwv HmÀ -tumivkv k`-iä IÂ]n- p- -Xv. sszh-{]- k-hn-{xn-bmb ]cn-ip-²-am-xm-hns\ sicp-_p-i-tf- mä D]-cn-bmbn _lpa- m\- n - p - p, tkmt{]³ams- c - mä A[nI- a- mbn BZc- n - p - p. Hcp {InkvXob kv{xosb k_-ôn- n-s-t mfw HmÀ -tumivkv k`-iä ] p-sh- p Bibw D ntbip-hns\ amtdmsv tnà W-bv p- ]cn-ip-²-am-xm-hn-s\-bm-wv. `nj-kz-c³am-cpss klm-b-t mss Zbm-h[w Imw n- p-hm³ X -h w ]ecpw kz`m-hn-i-k-l-\- -sfbpw ac-w-s bpw `b-s -Sp Hcp kaq-l- n\v Cu ]cn-ip² amxm-hmwv {]mà -\-bn-eqss Bizmkw ]I-cp- -Xv. Ah-km\L«w hscbpw A\p-Xm-]- n\v Ah-kcw t\m n-s m- p-xs \mw Pohn- -Ww. amxm-hnsâ Pohn-Xm-\p-`h- Ä ChnsS kaq-ls Dt -Pn-X-am- p-i-xs sn pw. Cu ]Ým- -e- n-emwv ]cn-ip² sszh-am-xm-hnsâ hm n- pambn _Ô-s «{]kn-²-amb sf -Wnsâ ktµiw \mw DÄs m- tå- -Xv. ]cn-ip-²-am-xm-hnsâ icocw Hcp i -bnâ InS- n-bn-cn- p- p. At m-kvtxm-e³am-cpss kwlw k n-ln-x-cmwv. amem-jam-cpss hrµw {]Xy- -am-wv. ]cn-ip² amxm-hnsâ Bßm-hns\ tbip kz ssii-fnâ hln- p Hcp inip-hmbn ChnsS Nn{Xo- I-cn- n-cn- p- p. acww Hcp ]pxppohn-x- n-te- på ImÂshbv]m-Wv. Ign-ª p-t]mb temi-po-hn-x-t - mä AXn-kp-µ-c-amb Hcp ]pxnb Pohn-Xw. CXmWv Cu sf kwth-z\w sn p AÀ -k-¼p-jvs-amb ktµ-iw. C v temiw {]N-cn- n- p aqey- Ä - pdw aäp ]expw D v F kxyw sf WpIÄ ]Tn- n- p- p. s]mxp-hmb Nne kwk-xn-iä sf HmÀ -tumivkv thz-im-kv{x- nsâ Hcp \ni_vz {]Nm-c-I-\m-Wv. -k-`-bv p-ånepw k`-b- p-]p-d pw k`-bpss hnaài-ià n-s-bnepw AXv A s\xs -bm-wv. {InkvXp-hns\ A\p-`-hn- p-hm³ kphn-ti-j- -fn-eq-ssbpw Bcm-[-\-bn-eq-sSbpw sf -Wp-I-fn IqsSbpw \ap p km[n- p- p. sf -Wp-IÄ HmÀ -tum-ivkn- p-th- n, kxy- n-\p-th- n, k\m-x\aqey- Ä p-th n \ne-sim-åp-ibpw a\p-jym-ßm- Ä p-th n XojvWX ImWn- p-ibpw sn p- p. k` F n-\p-th n \ne- \nâ p- p-thm, B e y-{]m]vxn em m n sf -Wp-IÄ kpoh-km- n²yw \ne-\nà p- p. {Koknse {Kma-{]-tZ-i- -fnâ ZÀin- p-hm³ Ign-bp- Xv sf -Wp-I-fpsS \nd-km- n-²y-am-wv. Fhn-sSbpw sf -Wp- IÄ p ap³]nâ Hcp Zo]w sxfnª p \nâ]p- m-ipw. HmÀ tumivkv `h-\- -fnâ {][m-\-ap-dn-bpss Ing- p-`m-k v Hcp sf Ft mgpw D m-ipw. Krl-\m-Ysâ t]cv GXp hnip- ²sâ \ma- n-emtwm B hnip-²sâ s]cp- mä Zn\- nepw Hcp `h-\- nâ sh n-cn- p sf GXp hnip-²-tâ-xmtwm B hnip-²sâ s]cp- mä Zn\- nepw ]ptcm-ln-x³ `h\w kµàin v Bcm[\\S- p Hcp coxn {Kokn D v. Ah-cpsS ]Ån-Ifnepw sf -Wp-IÄ [mcm-f-am-bn -sh- n-«p- v. sf -Wp-IÄ ti{µo-i-cn- på Bcm-[-\-IÄ hn{k-lm-cm-[-\-bmbn Xcw XmWpt]mImsX ]ptcm-ln-xà {i²n- p- p. Bcm-[-\bpw _lpam-\hpw Hcn- epw sf Wn-t\m-S-Ã, adn v B sf {]Xn- \n-[m\w sn p hnip-²sâ a²y-ø-x-bn-eqss ]cn-ip² {XnXz- nâ Bbn-cn- -Ww. sf -Wp-IÄ am[y-a-am-ip Bcm-[-\m-X-e- Ä hni-e-am- -s -SmsX {i²n-t D -c-hm-znxzw k`-bv p- v. ss_kâ-bn³ tzhm-e-b- -fnâ XpWn-sIm- på Xnc-ioe- p-]-icw sf -twm-tì-knkv F v Adn-b-s -Sp Hcp Xcw ad D]-tbm-Kn- m-dp- v. Cu ad XSn-sIm- på GXm\pw ]m\-ep-iä tnà -Xm-Wv. Ch-bn sf Wp- IÄ tnà p-sh- n-«p- m-ipw. azv_lm Xnc-io-e-bm ASbv p kµà`- nâ Cu sf -Wp-Isf t\m n hnizm-kn- IÄ [ym\\nc-x-cm-ip- p. Xpd-t - n-h-cp-t¼mä Chsb as n Hcp hi-t v \o p- p. Cu coxn-bnepw sf -Wp-I-fpsS {]m[m\yw Bcm-[-\-bn hfsc kv]jvsambn -hy-à-am- -s - Sp p F v \mw Xncn- -dn-b-ww Hcp \nàt±iw: \½psS a«mt -cn-bnse ix-i- Ä ]g- -apå tzhm-ebw Ct mä ]p\-cp-²-cn- -s -«p-sim- n-cn- p-i-bm-w-tãm. ]p\-cp-²-cn- -s -«p-i-gn-bp-t¼mä Cu tzhm-e-b- nsâ ]ucm-wni `mhw AXnsâ kàæ k¼- -X-bnepw \ne-\nâ -W-sa- mwv AXpambn _Ô-s -«-hà B{K-ln- p- -sx- mwv a\-kn-em- p- -Xv. A -s\-sb- nâ ]mýmxy k{¼-zm-b- Ä A\p-k-cn- på Nn{X- Ä sh msx ]Ån-bIw sf WpIfm k¼p-jvsam n qss? HmÀ -tumivkv ss]xriw kpo-h-ambn hyà-am- - s -Sp-hm³ sf -Wp-IÄ asä- n-s\- mfpw A[n-I-ambn klmbn pw F -Xn kwibw th. sf Wp-IÄ HmÀ -tum- Ivkn-bpsS \ni_vz {]Nm-c-I-cm-W-tÃm. (Ip-dn v: Cu tej\w Xbm-dm- p-hm³ `mky-kva-cw\màl\mb b tum. ]utemkv amà {KotKm-dn-tbm-kv, djy³ k`-bpss BÀ v _nj- mb lnte-dn-b³ BÂ^n-tbhv sa{xm-t m-eo-, ss_kâ-bn³ k`-bnâ _nj- mb HuIvkântbmkv F n-h-cpss {]_-Ô- -sfbpw tim«bw HmÀ -tumivkv sshzni skan-\m-cn-bnse s{]m^-kà ^m. F{_lmw txma-kv, I -\msv CuÌv `{Zm-k-\- nse sshzn-i³ ^m. t_m_n hàkokv F n-h-cpss \nàt±-i- -sfbpw B{i-bn- n-«p- v. ^m. t_m_n hàkokv Ct mä \yqtbmà nse hvemun-anà skan-\m-cn-bnâ sf - twm-{km^n bnâ D]-cn-]-T\w \S- p- p.) 49

44 Letters s]mxp-hnsâ ImtXm-en-t äv ixm_vzn BtLm-j-t m-sp-iqsn Xocp- -Xm-I-cpXv ImtXm-en-t äv ]T-\- Ä. k`-bnâ kmaq-ly-ambpw km¼- o-i-ambpw Gähpw ]n nâ \nâ p sndn-bh-cmb hnizm-kn-iä pw IqSn AÀ -h- mb coxnbnâ ImtXm-en-t äv hymjym-\n- -s -S-Ww. _e-lo-\-x-bpå Ipª m-sns\ Npa-en-teän \S- p \à CS-bsâ ZÀi-\-am-IWw ImtXm-en-t -än\v D mti- -Xv. _npp amxyp si.-kn. ] -\w-xn«`mc-xo-b-\maw thww `mc-x-k-`bv v am{x-a-ã, {InkvXo-b-hn-izm-k- n\v IqSn e`n kzmx-{ y-amwv C y-bnse ImtXm-en-t -äv. hntz-i-ta-[m-hn- Xz- n³iognâ, C y-bnâ {InkvXobX Hcp sshtzini ax- ZÀi\w Bbn-«mWv Adn-bs «Xv. ]qà -kz-x-{ -amb ImtXm-ent äv C y-bnse {InkvXo-b-hn-izm-k- n\v Hcp kztz-in-ap{z k½m-\n- p- p. AXn-\m- ]uckvxy ImtXm-en-t än\v Hcp `mc- Xo-b-\maw IqSn \ÂIp- Xv DNn-X-am-bn-cn- p-sa v txm p- p. hnti-jn- pw, ImtXm-en-t äv F v kzbw \ma-i-cww \S n hntz-in-x-e-hsâ IogvØm\-amW-sX- v {]Jym-]n- p-sim- v, `mc- XobXsb A]-am-\n- p- -hà Chn-sS-bp-Å-t mä. si.-sp. Nmt m tim«bw Ign-hpÅ Ip«n-Isf t{]mõm-ln n- Ww Ignª e w (Pq-sse-þ-sk-]väw-_À) tpmàpn-b³ and-dnâ kmen- p«n ]n. Fgp-Xnb I v hmbn- p. Ipª p- -fpss Ignhns\ Is - n, Ahsc t{]mõm-ln- n- p-i-bmwv amxm-]n-xm- -fp-ssbpw Kpcp- - m-cp-ssbpw IS-a. AXn\v \njvi-f- -cmb \½psS Ipª p- -fpss DÅn-te p ]W- m-c-s\ pw ]mhs -«-hs\ pw DÅ Nn IS- n-hn-s-w-tam? sszhw simsp- n-«på Ignhns\ Xncn- -dn-bp-ibmwv sszh-\o-xn. aõcw GXm-bmepw ({]txy-in v {]kw-kw) AXn\v kz amb Hcp ssien D v; AXnsâ Ah-X-c-Whpw, `mj-bpw, `mh-hpw, Ne-\- -fpw, i_vz-hy- Xym-khpw FÃmw AXnsâ X\n-a-tbmsS Ah-X-cn- n- -Ww. Hcp hountbm dn màunmv I v, ]cnio-e\w \S- p Hcp Ip«n- v, Ahsâ X\-Xmb ssi-en-bnâ AXns\ AhX-cn- n- p-hm³ Hcn- epw km[n- p-i-bn-ã. At mä \½Ä Hcp {]kwkw X m-dm n Ahsc A`y-kn- n- p-i-btã \Ã-Xv. \ap pw \½psS Ipª p- Ä pw Bßo-b-ambn hf-cp-hm\pw, {]`m-jww X m-dm- p- hm\pw DX-Ip Xc- nâ F{Xtbm IrXn-Ifp- v. _lp. tpmjzm A sâ ]pkvxi- - Ä (hn- \am[p-cn, Xncp-h-N\Zo]vXn, Xncp-h- N\[z\n, hn-\-t_m-[n-\n, hnxbpw hnf-sh-sp pw k oà -\-[ym- \w) A`n-hµy tum. tpmk^v amà Zoh- m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\nbpsS "lrzbw ]I-cp Bßo-bX' (]p-xnb {KÙw) XpS n FÃmw {]kw-k- Ä FgpXn ]Tn- m³ ]än-b-h-bm-wv. eoem½ Ipc-y³ ]mem-cn-h«w, Fd-Wm-Ipfw HmÀ -tumivkv tpwâ 'The Journal of Indian Orthodoxy' F {_m³unwkv tpmàpn-b³ and-dns\ IqSp-X ani-hp-ä-xm- p- p. AXn\v tbmpn- p D X \ne-hm-c-apå ]T-\- fpw tej-\- fpw hcpw e - -fnâ {]Xo- n- p- p. Kuc-h-ta-dnb hnj-b- Ä FÃm-hÀ pw cpnn- n-ã. F mâ A cw ]T-\- -fn-eq-ss-bmwv k` hf-cp- Xv. IqSmsX IpSpw-_- hn-j-b- Ä XpSÀ pw {]m[m-\y- mss {]kn-²o-i-cn pw F v Icp-Xp- p. Gen-bmkv Nmt m tii-hzmk]p-cw, Xncp-h-\- -]p-cw. kxy-hn-izm-k- nsâ hàjw sim n-bnâ \S- p alm-k-t½-f\w k`-bpss Hcp ]pxp-bpk ]ndhn BIp-sa v {]Xym-in- p- p. Cu alm-kw-k-a- nâ \n v e`n- p DuÀÖw k`bv v IqSp-X Icp-t -I-s«. `mcx HmÀ -tumivkv k`-bpss ssiap-x-emb kxy-hn-izmkw (HmÀ -tum-ivkn), k`m-øm-]-i- \mb ]cn-ip² txmam-ço-lm-tbm-spå HcpIme pw amä-an-ãm `àym-z-c-hv, hnip-²-]m-c-¼-cy- Ä, {]mtz-ini ]mc-¼-cy- Ä, ]uckvxyzài\w, ]ucm- Wn-I-X, tzio-b-x, kzmx{ yw F n-h-iä \nà`m-ky- I-c-amb Ncn-{X-\n-an-j- -fnâ \jvs-am- n-b-h-cpss Xe-ap-d-IÄ \ap p Npäpw D v. AhÀ p-iqsn shfn w ]I-cp-hm³ hcpw hàj- -fnâ \ap v Ign-b-Ww. kxy-hn-izm-ks _e-s - Sp- p hnizm-k-hàjw Bbn-cn- s«2013. t]mä KohÀKo-kv dm n th Xv Bßo-b-t]m-cm«w km{am-py-i-àn-i-fpss ]n p-w-tbmss hntz-in-iä IhÀs - Sp ae- -c-k-`-bpss kzmx{ yw \qäm- p-i-fpss t]mcm«n-eqss-bmwv \mw XncnsI t\sn-b-xv. Bi-b-]-chpw \nb-a-]-chpw Bb t]mcm-«- Ä C pw XpS-cp- p. (a-sämcp cmpy pw Cu kan-xn v Iq«p-\n p-hm³ Ahn-Sps aoun-btbm kà mtcm \nb-a-hy-h- Øn-Xntbm A\p-h-Zn- n-ã. tzio-b-amb ImgvN- m-snâ C y³ ]{X- Ä _lp-zqcw hf-cm-\p v F -Xn\v sxfn-hm-wn-xv). \½psS t]mcm-«- nsâ ]cn-k-am-]vxn-bn-te v sshimsx F p- -Xn\v \mw DÕm-ln- -Ww. i{xp-hns\ Pbn- p- -Xn-\pÅ t]mcm«w Bßo-b-am-Wv. Cu t]mcm«w sim v am{xta k`bv v bymà hnpbw D m-ip-i-bp-åp. tpm sp. hàkokv ] -\m-]pcw ae- -c-k-`-bpss kap- X kmc-yn-iä amàt m½m Çolm apxâ amàt m-½m- ]u-temkv II hsc ae- ck`-bpss F.-Un. 52þ2012 hsc-bpå k¼qà Ncn{Xw. NXpÀhÀ Ihdpw H«-[nIw Nn{X- fpw. {]Im-i\w 2012 Unkw-_À 21-þ\v Bbn-c-t mfw t]pv. hne 700 cq] ({]o ]»n-t -j³ hne t]mtìpv DÄ ss 450 cq]. Unkw-_À 10 hsc). Hcp ImtXm-en-t äv ixm_vzn kvamci {KÙw {KÙ-IÀ m- Ä ^m. tum. tpmk^v Noc³ si.-hn. am½³, tim«-bv  Ah-Xm-cnI : PÌnkv si. tpm amxyp ]Whpw sn p-ifpw Ab-t hnemkw si.-hn. am½³, tim«-bv  ]»n-tjgvkv ]n.-_n. 10 þ am m-\w, tim«-bwþ t^m : 0481-þ