Ip w-ipfw knwlm-k-\- ]-Ån-bpsS

Transcription

1 Ip w-ipfw knwlm-k-\- ]-Ån-bpsS tikv Ub-dn- ^m. tum. si.-fw. cmp³, M.Sc., M.Ed., Ph.D. ]gb sim n kwøm-\- nsâ hs- p-]-sn-ªm-dp-`m-k p ØnXn sn p {]kn-²hpw ]pcm- X-\-hp-amb Hcp ss{ikvxh ti{µ-amwv Ip w-ipfw. AhnsS Ipcn-im-Ir-Xn-bn-epÅ A m-sn-ifn-embn kpdn-bm-\n-{in-kvxym-\n-iä \n_n-u-ambn hkn- p p. Ip w-ipfw ]«-W- nsâ lrzb-`m-k- p-\n v Hcp ssaâ sx p-amdn ØnXn-sN- p BÀ m«v hen-b- ]-Ån v 900 hàjt mfw ]g- -ap v. Cu CS-h-I-bn 1910 apxâ \S- p-h hyh-lm-c- Äaqew ]m{xn-bà okv I n- m-cm-b-h-cpss Bßo-bm-h-iy- Ä \S- p- -Xn\v {]bmkw t\cn«p. si. amwn hdp-kokv amì-dpss Ub-dn- p-dn- nâ \n v ""Ip w-ipfw ]«-W- nepw ]cn-k-c- -fn-ep-apå ]m{xn-bà okv I n-bnâs]-«-hà v AhcpsS hnizm-k-{]-im-c-apå axm-nm-c- Ä \S- p-hm³ \nhr- n-bn-ãm ]cn-x-ønxn hs n. Ip w-ipfw sxs A m-sn-bnâ sndp-h- qà C - ³ F Hcp hb-êsâ A y-ip-{iq-j- Ifpw ih-kw-kvimc ip{iq-j-ifpw A p ]m{xn-bà okv I n-bn-ep- m-bn-cp GI-]p-tcmln-X³ sndp-h- qà am p I -\m-cmâ \S- -s «p F Imc-W- mâ, ]Ån-bn \n p I_À In«m- -Xn-\m ihw a -en-em n Hcp h n-bnâ Bfp-IÄ hen- p-sim- p-t]mbn. CSbv p-sh v FXr-I- n-iä Ipsd Bfp-Isf Ab v ihw sim p-t]m-b-hsc XÃp-hm\pw, D]-{Zhn- m\pw XpS- n-b-xn-\mâ ihw tdmu-cp-inâ Hcp h n-bnâ InS n t]mtc- n-h p.

2 B ihw aq p-zn-hkw a -en-embn h n-bnâ InS p. acn BfpsS ai³ Unkv{SnIvSv apnkvt{x-«n-sâbpw A s t]meokv kq{]- n-sâbpw ASp-  sn v \ne-hn-fn- -Xnsâ tijw 3þmw Znhkw cm{xn ihw BÀ m«v hen-b-]ån ih-t m-«-bnâ kwkvi-cn- m³ Iev]\ In«n. FXr-I- n-i-sf-bpå `bw-\n-an w A p cm{xn ihw AS- p-hm³ ]m{xn-bà m I n-bnse hmdp n, Im p n F nhcpw Hcp si½m-i\pw (Noc³ si½m-i³) am{xw t]mbn h n-bnâ \n v ihw FSp v kwkvi-cn- p-t]m p. C -s\-bpå ]cn-x-øn-xn-bnâ ]m{xn-bà m I n- mà v Hcp ]Ån- p-th n BÀ m«p tzi- nsâ hst AXnÀ n-bnâ Hcp Øew hm n... A s t]meokv kq{]- nsâ ] -]m-xhpw, [n m-chpw `b-s -ts Ime-am-bn-cp p F nepw ]pwy-hm-\mb HkvXm- ntbmkv _mhmsb {][m\ ]«-W- nâ IqsS sim p-h-cm³ {ian p. sszh- nsâ henb Ir]- bmâ, ap³{]-kvxm-hn hmdp n, Im p n F nhcpw tijw FÃm hnizm-kn-i-fp-ssbpw kwl- SnX AI-¼-Sn-tbmsS ]«-W- nsâ lrz-b-`m-k p IqsS _mhmsb Sn Øe p sim p-h p.'' Cu kml-n-cy- nâ ]m{xn-bà okv _mhm-bp-ssbpw At±lw \nb-an- p suen-tk-ddntâbpw t\cn-«på `c-w- nâ Hcp ]Ån Øm]n- -W-sa v AhÀ B{K-ln p. Cu Dt±-iys ap³\nà n Ip qcv D pdp tndp, sndp-h- qcv D pdp tndp, Noc³ Ct«y-c-tNdp, sndp-h- qcv Nm p n am p, sxt - c D pdp hmdp, Noc³ Xd-bn hdn-bxv tndp, Noc³X-d-bn hdnbxv a mbn, ]pen-t m-«nâ hdn-bxv C mhp, ]pen-t m-«nâ sndn-bm p hdn-bxv, hs- ³ Nm p ss]ep n, Noc³ D pdp tndp n, Acn-¼qcv ]utemkv tndp F n-hà tnà v A¼Xp cq] hoxw hcn-sb-sp v, ]md-taâ Abv]p h oâ, C«p v F n-h-cpss amxm-hmb ]\-  A m-½-bnâ \n v Htc- À Øew hm n. {]kvxpx Øew ]m{xn-bà okv _mhm-bpss t]à v Fgp-Xn-s m-sp- p- -Xn\p Xocp-am-\n p. ]m{xn-bà okv _mhm-bpss \nàtz-im-\p-k-cww knwlm-k-\-{]-xn-\n-[n-bmb Éo_m tamà HkvXm- n-tbmkv _mhm Ah-cpsS At] kzoicn v th {]hà -\- Ä sn m-sa v k½-xn p. _mhm Npa-X-e-s -Sp- n-b-x-\p-k-cn v sndph- qà am p I -\mcpw Øe- nsâ DS-a-Ø-cmb ]{ - p-t]cpw IqSn ]Ån sh p- -Xn\v kà m-cnâ \n v A\p-hm-Z- n\v At]- n p. At] BZyw \nc-kn-s - nepw ]n osv A\ph-Zn p. A\p-hmZw e`n- -tijw _mhm 1920 HIvtSm-_À 9þmw\p ]Ån-bpsS inem-øm-]\w \S n. Øe- nsâ DS-a-ØÀ t\cs k½-xn- n-cp- -Xp-t]mse 1921 P\p-hcn 7þmw\p ]Ån sh p- -Xn-\pÅ Øew _mhmbv v Zm\-ambn Fgp-Xn-s m-sp p.

3 Ip w-ipfw knwlm-k-\- ]-Ån-bpsS B[mcw 1096 \{¼v 798 sim n-ioa Xe- nån Xmeq v, Ip w-ipfw hntãpv, Ip w-ipfw A m-sn-bnâ {InkvXym-\n- Ifpw I -h-s- mcpw Bb Ip qcv D pdp ai³ 50 hbêv 1. tndphpw, sndp-h- qcv D pdp ai³ 51 hbêv 2. tndphpw, Noc³ Ct«ycm ai³ 29 hbêv 3. tndphpw, sndp-h- qcv Nm p n ai³ 45 hbêv 4. am phpw, sxt - c D pdp ai³ 50 hbêv 5. hmdphpw, Noc³ Xd-bn hdobvxv ai³ 44 hbêv 6. tndphpw, Noc³ Xd-bn hdnbvxv ai³ 38 hbêv 7. a m-bnbpw, ]pen-t m-«nâ hdnbvxv ai³ 65 hbêv 8. C m-hphpw, ]pen-t m-«nâ sndn-bm p ai³ 43 hbêv 9. hdobvxpw hs- ³ Nm p ai³ 29 hbêv 10. ss]ep- nbpw tat cn ]md-bn- m-snbnâ Noc³ D pdp ai³ 39 hbêv 11. tndp- nbpw, Ip w-ipfw hmen- -d¼p A m-sn-bnâ Acn-¼qcp ]utemkv ai³ 43 hbêv 12. tndphpw IqSn Gjym `qj-þ- nâ XpÀ n-cm-py- nâ DÅ At ymjym knwlm-k-\- nâ hmgpw Gen-bmÊv F Xncp-\m-a-apÅ hnip² tamdm³ amà Cám- n-tbmkv _mh Xncp-a-\-Ên-te p Fgp-Xn-sIm-Sp v Zm\-Xo-dm-[mcw. ae- sc bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k`-bpss {][m\ `c-w-ta-e-²y- ³ At ymjym knwlm-k-\- nâ AXmXp Ime p hmgp tamdm³ amà Cám- n-tbmêv ]m{xn-bà o-êp-_mhm Xncp-a-\- Êp-sIm- m-sw v k`-bpss Øm]-\-Imew apxâ hniz-kn pw AwKo-I-cn pw hcp- -Xm-bn-cns B tae-[n-im-cs CÃmbva snbvxp X Ä p e`n- -W-sa- på ZpÀt½m-l- mâ ae- -scbpå sa{xm-t m-eo- - m-cnâ Nne-cpsS {]hr- n-bpss ^e-ambn k` H«p pw Hmtcm FS-h-Ibnepw AXp-t]mse BÀ m«v Ip w-ipfw FS-h-I-bnepw Ielw hà²n- Xp \nan w hnip² ]m{xn-bà oêp _mh Xncp-ta\n ae-bm-f v Xsâ {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn Ab- p-itbm, \nb-an- p- Itbm sn -s -Sp- -hà v bmt m-_mb k`-bpss \nb-a-{]-imcw ]Ån-I-fn Xma-kn- p- - Xn\pw hnip² IqZm-i-IÄ A\p-jvTn- p- -Xn\pw Xc-an-ÃmsX h n-cn- -bmâ AXns\ X mew ]cn-l-cn-t - Xp AXym-h-iy-sa p txm p-i-bmâ Ip w-ipfw 95 40þmw \{¼mbn cpn-kv{sm- n p hm nb P -Xo-dm-[m-c-{]-Imcw kn²n- Xpw sim n Kh saânâ làpn simsp v 1920 HIvtSm-_À 6þmw\v 71þmw \{¼mbn D mb Iev]-\-{]-Imcw ]Ån ih-t m«apx-em-bxp shbv phm³ A\p-hmZw kn²n- Xpw Bb Xmsg ]«n-i-bnâ ]d-bp hl-ifpw, Fs Às «Ipgn- qdp-n-a-b- fpw AXp-I-fn-t  R Ä på kie Ah-Im-i- fpw IqSn At ymjy knwlmk-\- n- -te p 700 I. (Fgp- qdp Ddp- n-i v) Zm\-ambn Hgnªv Ct m-gs knwlm-k\ {]Xn-\n-[n-bmb \nzm- -hµy Znhy{io Ço_m tamà HkvXm- n-tbmêv sa{xm-t m-eo m Xncp-a- \-Ên-te p ssihiw X n-cn- p p. F mâ Ah-Isf ssihiw sh v kie `c-wm-[n-im-c- fpw \S n kwc- -W-sNbvXp A`n-hr-²n-s -Sp n hnip² IqZm-i-IÄ A\p-jvTn- p- -Xn\pw FÃm-hn[ IÀ½m-h-iy- -tfbpw \S- n- -cp- -Xn\pw AÃmsX Ah-Isf bmsxm-cp-hn-[- nepw IS-s -Sp- p-hmt\m A\ym-[o-\-s -Sp- p-hmt\m atddm knwlm-k-\- nt\m {]Xn-\n-[nt m BÀ pw ]msn-ãm- Xpw BIp p. taemâ hl-i-fpss \S- n- n-t\bpw addpw kw_-ôn v Btem-N\ snbvxv Imcym-Zn-IÄ \S- p- -Xn\v AwK- -fnâ \n v Ibv m-c- m-scsbm atddm \ný-bn v FÃm Imcym-Zn-Ifpw \S- n-t - Xpw A s\ \S- p- -Xn hnip² ]m{xn-bà oêv _mhm Xncp-a-\-Êp-sIm v ae-bm-f- n-te v Fgp- -Åp Ime v B Xncp-ta-\n-bp-tStbm Ahn- Sps {]Xn-\n-[n-bp-tStbm Sn. ]Ån-bnepw Øe pw DÅ {]th-i-\- nt m atddm bmsxmcp XS-Øhpw t\cn-sp-hm³ ]msn-ãm- Xpw t\cn-sp- -X-Ãm- -Xp-am-Ip p. taâ{]-imcw ssi m-c- m-sctbm atddm \ný-bn- n-«p-å-h-cnâ Bsc- nepw At ymjym knwlm-k-\- n\v ae- -c-k-`-

4 ta-epå A[n-Im-c- nt m bmt m-_mb hnizm-km-nm-c- Ät m FXn-cmbn {]hà n- p p F p knwlm-k-\- nt m {]Xn-\n-[nt m t_m²y-s -«mâ B Bsf amddn thsd Bsf \nban- p- -Xn\pw Ibv m-c- m-cnâ BÀs - nepw Hgnhp hcp Ah-k-c- nâ ]Icw Bsf \nb-an- p- -Xn\pw knwlm-k-\- nt\m, {]Xn-\n-[nt m A[n-Im-c-ap-Å-Xm-Ip p. ]«n-i-bnâ ]d-bp hl-i-tfbpw ]Ån apx-em-b-h-i-tfbpw kw_-ôn v Ibv m-c- mà apx-em-b-h-cpss \S- n v knwlm-k-\- n-tetbm, {]Xn-\n-[n-bp-tStbm IÂ]-\bv v Iogvs]-«n-cn-t - Xpw hã kµà`-h-imepw At ymjym {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn ae-bm-f v HcmÄ CÃmsX hcp Ah-k-c- nâ knwlm-k-\- n-  \n v {]txy-i-ambn A[n-Im-c-s -Sp- p- m-fpss BÚ v Iogvs -«n-cnt - -Xp-am-Ip p. CsX v Xmsg Fgp-Xp km n-iä AdnsI CXn H n-«n-cn- p p. F v, 1096 [\p-amkw 23þmw\v, 2þmw km n Is -gp v. 1. tndp (H v) 2. tndp (H v) 3. tndp (H v) 4. am p (H v) 5. hmdp (H v) 6. tndp (H v) 7. a mbn (H v) 8. C mhp (H v) 9. hdobvxv (H v) 10. ss]ep n (H v) 11. tndp n (H v) 12. tndp (H v) km n : 1. Ct«ycm (H v) 2. am p (H v) ]pwy-hm-\mb Éo_m tamà HkvXm- n-tbmkv _mhm si½m-i-\m-bn-cp- -t mä, ]pen-t m- «nâ tpmk^v tamà Zoh- m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-tbm-Sp-IqsS 1889 apxâ 1906 hsc ]gb skan- \m-cn-bnâ Xma-kn- n-cp p. 1908 ]pen-t m-«nâ Xncp-ta\n Imew snbvx tijw, ]. At ymjym knwlm-k-\-hp-ambn h«-tè-cnâ Xncp-ta\n AI- -Xns\ XpSÀ v ae- -c-bn-ep- mb tncn-xn-cnhpw, XÀ - -fp-amwv knwlm-k-\-]-ån-iä Øm]n- p- -Xn-\n-S-bm- n-bxv. GXm v Hcp \qddm v Ign-ªn«pw Cu AhØ C pw BhÀ n- p p F Xv knwlm-k-\-]-ån-i-fpss Øm]-t\mt±-iys km[q-i-cn- p p apxâ Éo_m tamà HkvXm- n-tbmkv _mh Ip w-ip-f v knwlm-k-\-]ån ]Wn-bp- - Xn-\mbn ]cn-{i-an- p-ibpw, Ipsd ]Wn-IÄ ]qà o-i-cn- p-ibpw snbvxp Bb-t m-tg pw _mh own-x-\mbn. ]. ]m{xn-bà okv _mhm-bpss Iev]-\-{]-Imcw Gen-bmkv tamà bqentbmkv _mh At ymjym knwlm-k-\- nsâ C y-bnse {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn \nb-an- -s «p. own-x\pw, tcmkn-bp-amb Xsâ ap³km-ansb ip{iq-jn pw, Ah-iy-amb `c-w-im-cy- Ä \nb- { n pw bqen-tbmkv _mh Ip w-ip-f v ZoÀL-Imew Xma-kn p amà v 19þmw XobXn ]pwy-hm-\mb Éo_m tamà HkvXm- n-tbmkv _mh Imew snbvxp apxâ 1958 hsc-bpå Ime-b-f-hn ]pwy-hm-\mb Gen-bmkv tamà bqen-tbmkv _mh ]Ån-bpsS Øm]-\- D-t±-iy-a-\p-k-cn v ]Ån `cww \S- p-ibpw ]Ån-bpsS hs- p-`m-ks Ccp-\ne si«nsw ]Wn-I-gn- n- p-ibpw snbvxp. aªn-\n- -c-bnâ I_-d-S- nb ]. Gen-bmkv XrXo-b³ ]m{xn-bà okv _mhm-bpss ae- c kµài-\-t m-s-\p-_-ôn- mwv Cu si«nsw ]Wn- XXv. 1944þ ]md- q-cn-epå kxy-hn-izm-kn-iä Hcp Øew hm p-ibpw, ]. Cám- n-tbmkv Gen-bmkv XrXo-b³ _mhm-bpss \ma- nâ Hcp Ipcn-ip-]Ån ]Wn-bn- p-ibpw snbvxp \hw-_à 27þmw XobXn Ipcn-ip-]-Ån-bpsS IqZmi \nàh-ln p. ]pwy-hm-\mb Gen-bmkv tamà bqen-tbmkv _mhm-bpss A\p-hm-Z-{]-Imcw 1961 hn. sszh-am-xm-hnsâ \ma- n-epå Nm ensâ ]Wn Bcw-`n p.

5 1957 amà v 25\v knwlm-k-\-{]-xn-\n-[n-bmb Gen-bmkv tamà bqen-tbmkv _mh sshtè-cnbnse skâ v txmakv Ipcn-ip-]-Ån p Xd- -Ãn«p. Xma-kn-bmsX ]Wn ]qà o-i-cn p. Ip w-ipfw {]tz-i- på ]Ån-I-fnÂ, hen-b-]-ån-bm-bn-cp p Ip w-ipfw knwlm-k-\-]ån. AXnsâ ]Wn-bn taât\m«w hln- n-cp- Xv A s hnim-cn-bm-bn-cp _: sndp-h- qà sf v a mbn I -\m-cm-bn-cp p. (1926 þ 1959) 1958 apxâ 1967 hsc 1959 K.L.T. 721 Bbn dnt mà«v snbvx k`m-ti-ênse kp{]ow-tim-s-xn- hn-[nsb XpSÀ v ae- -c-k-`-bnâ \ne-hn-ep- m-bn-cp _mhm I n þ sa{xm³i n XÀ - Ä v ]cn-lmcw ImWp- -Xn-\mbn ]: ]m{xn-bà okv _mh, KohÀ okv ZznXo-b³ ImtXm-en m _mhmbv p k`m-k-am-[m\ Iev]\ Ab p (Unkw-_À 9, 1958) B Iev]-\-bpsS ASn-Øm-\- nâ 1959 amà v 19þmw\p (Éo_m tamà HkvXm- n-tbmkv _mhmbpss 29þmw {im²-zn-\- nsâ Xte-Zn-hkw i\n-bmgvn Ime v) A s ae- c bmt m- _mb kpdn-bm\n k`-bnse _mhm-i- n-bnse sim n `{Zm-k\ sa{xm-t m-eo- -bm-bn-cp A`n-hµy ]utemkv tamà tkth-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n, sa{xm³i- n-bn-te p Imep-am-dnb A s knwlm-k-\-]ån ssi m-c³ ]\-  C m- p-am p, sshzn-i-cmb sndp-h- qà D{Ip am p I -\mà, ]pen-t m-«nâ Ct«yc tpmk^v I -\mà F n-h-cpss kl-i-c-w-t mssbpw, ae- c bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k`-bnse BÀ m«v þ Ip w-ipfw alm-c-s-h-i-bnse sa{xm³i- n- m-cmb Hcp hn`m-k-am-fp-i-fpss ]n³_-e-t mspw, t]meo-k-[n-im-cn-i-fpss au\m- \p-hm-z-t mspw IqSn BÀ m«v þ Ip w-ipfw knwlm-k\ ]Ån-bn-te v AXn-{I-an p IS- p- - Xn\p {ian p. knwlm-k-\-]ån \mfn-xp-hsc `cn- p-h- n-cp At ymjym knwlm-k\ {]Xn- \n[n Gen-bmkv tamà bqen-tbmkv _mhmbpw, sk{i-«dn as- m«v bmt m_v d¼m- \pw (]n osv bm q_v tamà bqen-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo ) B Ah-k-c- nâ knwlm-k-\- ]-Ån-bn-ep- m-bncp p. knwlm-k-\-]-ån-bnse ]pwy-hm-\mb Éo_m tamà HkvXm- n-tbmkv _mhm-bpss I_- dn-  ssi m-c-\m-bn-cp Noc³ Xc-I³ tndp n tnd- mbn, sk{i-«-dn-bm-bn-cp I -\m-

6 bv  amwn hà okv amìà, ]Ån-bnse I]ym-cm-bn-cp simå- qà Im p tx ³ apx-emb-hà Cu A\-[n-IrX {]th-i-\s FXnÀ p-ibpw, R.D.O.hn\v ap³iq«n làpn simsp- p- Ibpw snbvxn-cp p. R.D.O. apl-½-zmen kw`-h-k-a-b p ]Ån-bn hcn-ibpw, AXn-{I-an p IS- p- -Xn\v au\m-\p-hmzw simsp v ]m{xn-bà okv _mhm-bpss {]Xn-\n-[n pw, Bcm-[- IÀ pw \oxn \ntj-[n- p-i-bp-amwv snbvxxv. XpSÀ v ]Ån-]-d-¼n kwlàjm-hø kwpm- X-ambn. _mhm-bpss {im²-zn-\-amb amà v 19þmw\p Rmb-dmgvN Ime v 6 A.M.\v ]m{xn-bà m {]Xn- \n-[nbpw knwlm-k-\-]-ån-bpss sa{xm-t m-eo- m-bp-amb Gen-bmkv tamà bqen-tbmkv _mhm hnip² IpÀºm\ AÀ n p. dmkbpw, kzybpw kwlàj-an-ãm-sx-xs ]cy-h-km-\n p. sa{xm³i- n- mà, bqen-tbmkv _mhmsb ""kam-[m-\-hn-cp-²³'' F v Bt -]n v txtpmh[w sn p- -Xn-\pÅ {]N-c-W-{i-a- -fnâ apgpin. ae- -c-k-`-bnâ kam-[m\w hcp- -txm-sp-iqsn ]. At ym-jym-knw-lm-k-\- n-tâ-xmb kz p- fpw AXmXp `{Zm-k-\- -fnâ ebn- n- -W-sa, ""Øm]-t\m-t±-iy- n\p IS-I-hn-cp-²-amb'' \ne-]m-smwv Ip w-ip-fs tiêp-iä pw kwlàj- Ä pw Imc-W-am-bXv. am{x-hp-aã; \m«psa-{xm³ þ ioa- m-c³ F thàxn-cn-hp-ifpw Ip w-ipfw knwlm-k-\-]-ån-bnse Bcm-[-Icn Bi-b- p-g w krjvsn p. knwlm-k-\-]-ån-bnâ \n på c p sshzn-icpw, ]. knwlmk\ {]Xn-\n-[n-bn \n p ]«w hm n, B ]pwy-]n-xm-hn\v (Gen-bmkv tamà bqen-tbmkv _mh) FXn-cmbn adp-] w tnà Xv Gsd ZpxJ-I-c-ambn. kzm[o\ iànbpw, [\- nsâ ]n³_-ehpw, Ip w-ipfw knwlm-k-\- -Ån-bn hcp- -hcpss Bi-b- p-g- hpw {]iv\- Ä k oà -am n. 1942þ I -\msv sa{xm-t m-eo HutK³ tamà Xntam- n-tbmkv ImtXm-en- m-]- -t p tnà -Xns\ XpSÀ v, 1946þ ]. At{]w ]m{xn-bà okv _mh hmgn c p-t]-cn-sem-cm-fm-bn-cp p (sndmbn apf-bn-cn-  ]utemkv d¼m- ³) sim n `{Zm-k-\- nsâ ]ueqkv tamà tkth-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n, A`n-hµy Xncpta\n ]. ]m{xn-bà okv _mhmbvt m At±-l- nsâ {]Xn-\n-[n-bmb Gen-bmkv tamà bqentbmkv _mhmbvt m FXn-cm-Ip-sa p Nn n- m³t]mepw Ign-bp-am-bn-cp- nã. am{x-hp-aã, Gsd hyàn-_-ô- Ä ]peà n-bn-cp Xncp-ta\n, ImtXm-en m ] -t p amdn-b-t mä FXnÀ m\pw Bfp-IÄ X m-dm-bnã. Cu Bi-b- p-g w, knwlm-k-\-]-ån-bnâ \ntxy\ XÀ - Ä p Imc-W-ambn. hmt dd- fpw, hgn-x-s-bepw, Bcm-[\ XS-Ê-s -Sp- -ep-ifpw, t]meokv CS-s]-S-ep-Ifpw sim v hnizm-kn-iä s]mdp-xn-ap«n. X -fpss amxr-ssz-hm-ebw (BÀ m«v hen-b-]ån) Dt]- n p ]pxnb Øew hm p-ibpw AXv ]. At ymjym þ knwlm-k-\- n\p Zm\-ambn \ÂIn AXn Hcp ]pxnb sszhm-ebw ]WnXv X -fpss hnizmkw \ne-\nà p- - hsc shdpsx hnsp- n-sã p h -t mä \oxn-\ym-b-]o-ts kao-]n- p-i-b-ãmsx addp amà an-sã- p-h p. A n-s\-bmwv tiêm-cw-`n- p- Xv. O.S. No. 67/1959 filed on 8th July 1959 O.S. 67/1959 \¼À tiêv A`n-hµy Gen-bmkv tamà bqen-tbmkv _mh hmzn-bmbpw sim n `{Zm-k-\- nsâ ]utemkv tamà tkth-dn-tbmkv DÄs ss 13 t]sc {]Xn-I-fm- n-bp-amwv XriqÀ k_vtim-s-xn-bnâ ^bâ snbvxxv. Ip w-ipfw knwlm-k-\-]-ån-bpss B[m-c-{]-Im-chpw Ignª 40 hàjs `c-w-{i-ao-i-cw Iogvh-g- -hp-a-\p-k-cn v ]Ånbpw A\p-_Ô kz p-

7 fpw ae- -c-k-`bv p ]pd- m-sw pw Øm]-t\m-t±-iy-{]-Imcw ]. ]m{xn-bà okv _mhmbpss t\cn-«på \nb-{ -W- nepw `c-w- n-ep-am-sw v Øm]n- p-in-«p- -Xn\pw {]Xn-I-fmb ImtXm-en m, sim n `{Zm-k\ sa{xm-t m-eo XpS- n-b-hà v Cu ]Ån-bntem Øm]-\- ntem bmsxm-cp-hn[ A[n-Imc Ah-Im-i- tfm Csà v Øm]n p In«p- -Xn\pw {]Xn-Isfbpw Ah-cpsS Bfp-I-tfbpw knwlm-k-\-]-ån-bnâ {]th-in- p- -Xn \n pw CS-s]-Sp- - Xn \n pw imiz-x-ambn \ntcm-[n- -W-sa- p-am-bn-cp p At]- -bpss Npcp w apxâ Ip w-ipfw knwlm-k-\-]ån hnim-cn-bm-bn-cp _. sndp-h- qà sf v a mbn I -\mà (sh«n- p- - ³) 21þ12þ1959 \ncym-x-\mbn. _. A sâ arx-i-cocw AS w sn p- -Xn\p XSÊw krjvsn- p-ibpw AtX-Xp-SÀ v 23þmw\v s]cp-¼ån skâ v tpmàpv knwlm-k-\- ]-Ån-bn I_-d-S- p-ibpw snbvxp. ]m{xn-bà okv _mhm-bpss {]Xn-\n-[n-bmb Gen-bmkv tamà bqen-tbmkv _mh, ]. ]m{xnbà okv _mhm-bpss ]hà Hm^v At«mÀWn lmp-cm- n-bnã F kmt -Xn-I-Im-cWw ]dªv timsxn O.S. No. 67/59 tiêv XÅn- -fªp. tiknsâ \S-]-Sn-IÄ tims-xn-bnâ \S- p-h-csh, 1960 amà v 18þmw\p sim n `{Zm-k-\-sa-{Xmt m-eo m tamà tkth-dn-tbm-knsâ Iev]-\-{]-Im-c-sa p ]dªv, I_-dn-  ssi m-c-\m-bncp kn.kn. tnd- m-bn-bp-tstbm, ]Ån-bpsS `c-wm-[n-im-cn-bm-bn-cp bqen-tbmkv _mhm-bptstbm k½-xtam, Adnthm IqSmsX I_-dn- -ep- m-bn-cp `Þmcw sa{xm³i- n- mà FSp- p-am-ddp-ibpw, Hfn- n- p-sh- p-ibpw snbvxp. CX-dnªv kxy-hn-izm-kn-iä ]Ån-bn F nt À p. cwkw kwlàjm-h-ø-bn-te v \o n. `Þm-c- nsâ Xmt mâ kq n- p-im-c\pw I_-dn-  ssi m-c-\p-amb, kn.kn. tnd- mbn Ip w-ipfw t]meo-ênâ `Þmcw Ifhv t]mbncn- p- -Xmbn ]cm-xn-s «p. t]meokv Hcp F.I.R. FSp p. {]Xn-Isf ImWn- p-sim-sp- n«pw t]meok-t\z-jww F p-sa- m \ne-bn-em-b-t mä hnizm-kn-i-fpss tcmjw BÀ n-c¼n. `Þm-cs «n hn. I_-dnsâ ap¼msi sh -ti-jsa _mhm-bpss ASn-b- n-c- nsâ ]cn-]m-sn-iä \St - -XpÅq F v hnizm-kn-iä Xocp-am-\n p. kà nä C³kvs]-IvS-dm-bn-cp X - sâ t\xr- Xz- nâ Hcp henb kwlw t]meo-kp-imà, ØnXn-K-Xn-IÄ \nco- n- p- -Xn-\mbn kw`-h-øe p \ne-bp-d- n p. ]nsdd-zn-hkw (1960 amà v 19) _mhm-bpss {im²-zn-\- nâ, kwlàjw ]cn-lr-x-am-imsx Xs ]Ån-b-I v tamà tkth-dn-tbmkv hn. IpÀºm\ Bcw-`n p. F mâ kxy-hn-izm-kn-ifpss Hcp henb kwlw ]Ån- -I pw ]cn-k-c pw {]th-in p. t]meokv kwc- -W-t mss tkth-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\nbpw ]cn-hm-c- fpw c -s «p. t]meokv dnt mà«nsâ shfn- - nâ, R.D.O. kj-dnb amxyp ]Ån-bn hcn-ibpw, `Þmcw {]Xn-I-fn \n pw hos -Sp p I_- dn-  bym-øm-\ v Øm]n- p-ibpw snbvxp. F mâ Cr. P.C. 144 {]Imcw `Þm-c- Ä FÃmw IÌ-Un-bn-se-Sp- p-ibpw AXnsâ Xmt mâ C.C. tnd- m-bn-bnâ\n p hm n dnko-hdmbn \nb-an-x-\mb {io tkmhn-µ³ip«n tat\ms\ GÂ]n- p-ibpw snbvxp. 26þ3þ60 C.C. No. 71/60 Bbn XriqÀ Ist mkv apn-kvt{säv tims-xn-bnâ sa{xm³i- nbnse ^m. kn.kn. tpmk^v Np pw, ^m. am p sndp-h- qcpw IqSn, Sn.kn. sf ns\ H mw {]Xn-bm- nbpw, aäp 23 t]tcbpw Iq«n 24 t]cpss t]cnâ Hcp kzimcy {Inan-\ A\ymbw simsp p. kwlàj-k-a-b v ap³]n-ep- m-bn-cp ]W- m-tcbpw kzm[o-\-i-àn-bp-å-h-scbpw Hgn-hm n ]mh-s -«-hcpw, CS- -c- m-cp-am-b-h-cpss t]cn-emwv tiêv simsp- Xv.

8 C.C. No: 71/1960, Trichur Ist Class Magistrate Court A\ym-b- mà:þ 1. sndp-h- qà am p-i- -\mà 2. Np v Np½mÀ tpmk^v I -\mà {]Xn-IÄ:þ än.kn. sf p apxât]à ae- c bmt m-_mb k`-bnse sim n `{Zm-k\ sa{xm-t m-eo ]utemkv tamà tkth-dntbmkv, 16/3/60\v Rmb-dmgvN Ime v hn. IpÀ_m\ snmãp-t¼mä {]Xn-IÄ ""amc-im-bp-[- -fpambn ]Ån-b-I p \nb-a-hn-cp-²-ambn kwlw tnà p hn. IpÀ_m-\bv p XSÊw krjvsn p F pw X -fpss ax-hn-im-c- sf {hw-s -Sp n''sb p-am-bn-cp p tiêv. tiêv ]n osv Ip w- Ipfw k_v apn-kvt{säv tims-xn-bn-te p C.C. 62/61 \{¼mbn amän. apn-kvt{s-«m-bn-cp Sn. inhcm-a-ta-t\m³ Xsâ hn[n-{]-kvxm-h- nâ 7 t]à 81 cq] hoxw ]ng-in bv v hn[n p. in n- -s «{]Xn-IÄ XriqÀ Unkv{SnIvSv tims-xn-bnâ A oâ \ÂIn. PUvPn-bm-bn-cp Fw. _me-ir-jvw-ta-t\m³ 29þ9þ1962Â, {]Xn-IÄ Ipdd- m-c-ãm- -Xn-\m hn«-b-bv p- -Xn\pw CuSm- nb ]ng XncnsI simsp- p- -Xn\pw hn[n p. Cu tiênâ {]Xn-IÄ p-th n lmp-cmbxv AUz. ]n.hn. A - -\mwv. Unkv{SnIvSv timsxn hn[n-s -Xnsc sa{xm³i- n- mà sslt m-s-xn-bnâ A oâ \ÂIn. PÌokv tkmhn-µ-ta-t\msâ _ nâ hmzw tiä p-ibpw, Unkv{SnIvSv tims-xn-hn[n icn-sh- p- Ibpw snbvxp. {]Xn-IÄ p-th n AUz. si.]n. kqcy-\m-cm-b-w- cpw, AUz. ]n.]n. tpmwpw lmp-cmbn. sa{xm³i- n- p-th n lmp-cm-bxv ]n osv sslt m-sxn PUvPn-bmb tnäqà i -c³\m-b-cm-bn-cp p. Pmay- m-cpss t]cnâ tiêv ""]ip N mepw tamcnse ]pfn t]minã'' F p-]-d-ª-t]me taâ]-dª tiênâ {]Xn- Isf Pmay-sa-Sp- -h-cpss t]cnepw sa{xm³i- n- mà tiêp-sim-sp p. `oj-wn-i-sfbpw, FXnÀ p-i-tfbpw, hi-sh- msx {]Xn-Isf Pmay-sa-Sp- Xv kn.kn. t]mä, hn.sf. C mhp, hn.si. sska, si. amwn hà okv, si.kn. Ct«y- ³, kn.kn. Ipcy³, kn.sf. ss]ep n, ]n.kn. tpmàöv F n-h-cm-bn-cp p. CXn kn.sf. ss]ep n, ]n.kn. tpmàpv F n-h-cpss t]cnâ kz n-sã pw, ""kz p-å-h-cmwv'' F v hymp-k-xy-hm-mvaqew tims-xn-bnâ lmp-cm- n-bmwv AhÀ {]Xn-Isf Pmay-sa-Sp- -sx pw Bb-Xp-sIm v Ah-cpsS t]cnâ tims-xnsb h n- -Xn\v \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoi-cn v in n- -W-sa pw ImWn v A\ym-b- mà ho pw tiêv simsp p. F mâ {]Xn-`mKw AUz. ]n.hn. A - ³ A\ym-b- m-cpss làpnsb FXnÀ v A\ym-b- mà v C m-cy- nâ tims-xn-bpss Xocp-am-\s tnmzyw sn m³ A[n-Im-c-an-sà pw hmzn p. Cu hmzw kzoi-cn- p-sim v {]Xn-IÄs -Xn-cmb tiêv timsxn XÅn. AXn-t epw A\ym-b- mà sslt m-s-xn-bnâ A oâ \ÂIn. {]Xn-IÄ p-th n AUz-t ddv P\-d si.hn. kqcy-\m-cm-b-w- À hmzn- p-ibpw, {]Xn-I-fmb kn.sf. ss]ep- n-tbbpw ]n.kn. tpmàön-t\bpw shdpsx hnsp-ibpw snbvxp.

9 ]n än pw, AdÊväp hcn- epw 1961 amà v amk- nâ _mhm-bpss ASn-b- n-c- n\v {][m\ ImÀ½n-IXzw hln- p- -Xn\v sa{xm³i- n-bnse ImtXm-en _tk-en-tbmkv KohÀKokv ZznXo-b³ hcp- p-s v XoÀ bmbn. ASn-b- n-c-zn-hkw Rmb-dmgvN cmhnse 9 awn-tbmss KohÀ okv ZznXo-b\pw, kl-sa-{xmt m-eo- -amcpw knwlm-k-\-]-ån-bpss Ihm-S- nâ F n-t À p. kn.hn. tpm_nsâ t\xr-xz- n-epå k -²-`-S- mà KmÔn-b³ kxym-{k-l-ap-d-bnâ \ne- p-in-s v ]n ddv snbvxp. CtXk-abw h¼n P\m-hen ImtXm-en-t m-kn-s\-xn-cmbn ap{zm-hmiyw apg- n-s m v \n n-cp p. DbÀ t]meo-kp-tzym-k-ø- mà k -²-`-S- msc c p _m mbn AdÌp snbvxp Ip w-ipfw tìj-\nâ sim p-t]mbn. (Sn.kn. sf v, hn.sf. Ipcn-b³, kn.sf. C mhp, kn.sf. ss]ep n, kn.kn. hdn-bxv, at m- c Np½mÀ, F.hn. Xmhp«n, si.hn. D{Ip, si.hn. txmam- ³ XpS- n-bh-cmwv Ad-Ìn-em-bXv) IpÀ_m\ kabw Ign-ª-t mä tiêv NmÀPv snt - -Xnà F v Xocpam-\n- p-ibpw, k -²-`-S- msc hn«-b- p-ibpw snbvxp. A v Gsd hmà m-{]m-[m\yw t\snb Cu kw`hw, Ip w-ip-fs kxy-hn-izm-kn-iä v ]e `mk- -fnâ \n pw ]n pw e`n- p- - Xn-\n-S-bm n. tim«-bs AUz. ss\\m-t\bpw, a mbn ap m- ³ awàim-sn-t\bpw C -cp- W- nâ \µn-]qàæw HmÀ m-xn-cn- p-hm³ \nhr- n-bnã. ]n -ddn- n\pw, Ad-Ìn\pw tijw D v {io si.kn. tpmàpnsâ hk-xn-bnâ IqSnb kxyhn-izm-kn-i-fpss tbmkw suen-tk-ddmb tamà bqen-tbmkv _mhm-bp-ambn tnà v Hcp ]pxnb A\ymbw tims-xn-bnâ simsp- p-hm³ \ný-bn p. A.S. No. 111/1967se ^pä_- nsâ D -c-hnsâ {]k-à-`m-k- Ä Xmsg tnà p p. ""R - fpss A`n-{]m-b- nâ I n-i-fpss Ah-Im-i- Ä \oxn-]qàæ-ambn Xocp-am-\n- p- -Xn\v sim n `{Zm-k-\- sa-{xm-t m-eo am{x-aã, ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo- mbpw ImtXm-en- mbpw I n-i-fmti- -Xm-h-iy-amWv'' (Iogvt m-s-xn-bnepw, sslt m-s-xn-bnepw Ahsc I n-tnà p- -Xn-s\- Xn-cmbn ]e D -c-hp-i-fp-ap- m-bn-«p v.) 13þ12þ72 apxâ Ip w-ipfw knwlm-k-\-]ån 1958þ59 Ime-L-«- -fn-te v as- p-i-bm-bn-cp p amà v 31 apxâ 13þ12þ 72 hsc-bp- m-bn-cp im X Ct mà p-t¼mä bmymà y-amtwm F kwibw txm pw. B A p hàj- -fnâ ]pwy-hm-\mb HkvXm- n-tbmkv _mhm-bpss ASn-b- ncw ]g-b-ime {]uun-tbmss t\à -k-zy-tbmss BtLm-jn p. 1þ8þ68 \new-]-xn ]Ån-bpsS apj-hmcw bym-tbmkyw ]pxp- n-]-wnxp. hnimcn _. si.hn. Ipcn-bm-t m-k- \pw kl-hn-im-cn-bm-bn-cp _. Koh-dp-Ko-Ê- \pw, ]n osv kl-hn-im-cn-bm-bncp _. sska snãn- m-«n-e- \pw Cu Ime-L-«- -fnâ knwlm-k-\-]-ån-bpss {]hà -\- -fnâ kàæm-ß\m t\xrxzw \ÂIn-b-h-cmWv, Cu Ime-b-f-hn-emWv aª-\n- -c-z-b-dm-bnâ Xma-kn- p-h- n-cp d¼m- s\ ]. bm q_v XrXo-b³ ]m{xn-bà okv _mhm, tamà Xntam- ntbmkv F t]cnâ sa{xm-t m-eo- -bmbn hmgn- p-ibpw knwlm-k-\- nsâ C y-bnse suentkddmbpw Ip w-ipfwþbà m«v knwlm-k-\-]-ån-bpss sa{xm-t m-eo- -bmbn \nb-an- p-ibpw snbvxxv. 1972 Ip w-ip-f v \hm-`n-jn-à-\mb Xncp-ta-\n v knwlm-k-\-]-ån-bpss B`n-ap- Jy- nâ cmtpm-nn-x-amb hc-thâ]v \ÂIp-I-bp- mbn. Cu kw`-hhpw k`mw-k- -fpss sfiy-

10 t_m-[hpw ]Ån-bpsS Akp-e-`-amb hfà bpw sa{xm³i- n- m-cnâ Akqb hfà n. F - s\bpw knwlm-k-\-]ån ]nsn- -S- p- -Xn-\p-th n sa{xm³i- n-iä AWn-b-d-bn IpX-{ - Ä sa\-ªp-xp-s n. 1972se amàtxmam knwlm-k-\-hm-zhpw, 19þmw Nc-a-i-Xm-_vZn-bm-tLm-j- fpw, knwlm-k-\-]- Ån-bn \n p kzbta ]n m-dn-b-hà v ]p\x-{]-th-i-\- n\v DuÀPw simsp p. CtX- p-sà v BÀ mäv Ip w-ipfw CS-h-I-bnse ]Ån-I-fn \n pw Bfp-Isf kwl-sn- n v knwlm-k-\- ]Ån ]nsn- -S- m-\på c m-as ]cn-{i-a- Ä Bcw-`n p. O.S. No. 47/1961 XÅn hn[n {]kvxm-hn- p p 29þ1þ74 XriqÀ k_vp-uvpn-bm-bn-cp {io Fkv. ]ß-\m-`³ O.S. No. 47/61 XÅn hn[n {]kvxm-hn p. CXv ho pw Ipg- - Ä p hgn sxfn-bn p. ]Ån-ta-S-bn Xma-kn- n-cp hnimcn ^mzà si.hn. Ipcn-bm-t m-kns\ ]pd- m- p- -Xn\v t]meo-kns\ kzm[o-\n- p-sim v sa{xm³i- n- mà {ian p. CXv kwlàj- n\p Imc-W-ambn. Ccp-hn-`m-K- n-epw-s]«bfp-ifpss t]cnâ 107þmw hip v {]Imcw t]meokv tikv FSp- p-ibpw Ahsc AdÌv snbvxv Hcp Znhkw tem - n-en-«-xn-\p-tijw, R.D.O. tims-xn-bnâ lmp-cm- p-ibpw snbvxp. ^mzà si.hn. Ipcn-bm-t mêv, ^m.kn.sf. sska, Sn.kn. sf v, kn.]n. tndp n, kn.sf. hàkoêv, ]n.si. hnõ³, ]n.]n. Np½mÀ, hn.si. Ipcn-b- ³ F n-h-sc-bmwv t]meokv AdÌv snbvxv A\ym-bambn tem - nâ ]mà n- Xv. XpSÀ v FÃm-hÀ pw Pmayw A\p-h-Zn p. F mâ t]meokv ]Ån-ta-Sbpw sx p-h-is si«n-shpw IÌ-Un-bn sh p. AXn {]Xn-tj-[n- m³ tamà HkvXm- n-tbmkv lmfnâ _mhm-i- n- mà Hcp tbmkw kwl-sn- n p. CXn ]s -Sp v as- n-t m-bn-cp si.h. hdp-xp n, si.sf. sim p n, F.]n. ss]ep n F n-hà p-t\sc sa{xm³i- n- mà kwl-sn-x-ambn B{I-aWw \S n. CXn-\nsS t]meokv \S-]-Sn-Isf tnmzyw snbvxp-sim v ^mzà si.hn. Ipcn-bm-t mkv XriqÀ kºv tims-xn-bnâ I.A. 1433/1973 Bbn At] kaà n p. 18þ9þ1973 ImtXm-en- m-i- n- mà Ccp-\ne si«n-s- nâ {]th-in- p- Xv \ntcm-[n- p-sim pw, Sn. si«n-s- nâ \n v Hgn- ªp-t]m-Im\pw timsxn \nàtziw \ÂIn.

11 Cu Ime-b-f-hn ]Ån si«n-s- Ä v hnizm-kn-i-fp-ssbpw {Ia-k-am-[m-\-]m-e-I-cmb t]meokn-sâbpw kpi-à-amb Imh-ep- m-bn-cp p. ]Ån-bpsS hs- p-h-i- på Ccp-\ne si«n-s- nsâ Xmgs \ne-bnâ _. si.hn. Ipcn-bm-t m-k- \pw, api-fn-es \ne-bnâ ImtXm-en- m-]- - på sshzn-i-cp-am-sw v Øm]n-s -Sp- m-\på IpX-{ - -fm-bn-cp p sa\-ªp-sim- ncp- Xv. AX-\p-k-cn v t]meo-knsâ km n-²y- nâ Xmgs \ne-bnâ \n pw, api-fn-es \ne-bnâ \n pw Ccp-]- - m-scbpw AdÌp snbvx-xmbn tcj-bp- m n. Cu \ms-i- Ä Ac-t -dp-t¼mä ]Ån p kao-]-apå {io ]n.si. Xmcp tumivs-dpss hosn-\-sp v ImtXm-en- m-i- n-bnâ s]«-hà kwl-sn- p-ibpw, ]Ån-bn-te- på ssen-t^m _Ôw hntñ-zn- phm³ {ian- p-ibpw snbvxp. IqSmsX A m-sn-bnse ]Ån-I-fn Iq«-a-Wn-b-Sn v cm{xn-bnâ Bfp-Isf Iq«n. Cu \nàwm-bi ka-b v sjh-en-bmà Sn.kn. sf v, {io. kn.sf. Ipª- ³, {io. kn.hn. tpm_v, {io si. ]dn p, {io ]n.si. hnõ XpS- n-b-h-cpss [oc-amb \S-]-Sn- IÄ kvxpxyàl-am-bn-cp p. 19þ9þ1973 C.M.P. No. 107/1973 in C.M.A. No. 120/1973 Bbn Hcp Xm m-eni D -chv ImtXm-en I n-iä k¼m-zn p. Cu Xm m-eni D -chv {]Imcw 10/10/73 A oâ ]cn- K-Wn- p- -Xp-hsc ImtXm-en I n v ax-]-c-amb NS- p-iä m-h-iy-amb D]-I-c-W- Ä kq n- p- -Xn\pw hn{i-an- p- -Xn-\p-ambn H mw \ne A\p-h-Zn p. Xmgs \nebpw ASp- - fbpw dh. ^m. si.hn. Ipcn-bm-t m-kn-\p-ambn Xpd- p-sim-sp p. api-fn-es \ne-bnâ Xmak-am- nb ImtXm-en- m-i- n- mà Ahn-Sps Nn{X- Ä amddp-ibpw, ]pxnb Nn{X- Ä Øm]n- p-ibpw, ]q«p-iä amddp-ibpw snbvxp. sn m-hp D]-{Z-h- -sfãmw, Npcp- nb BgvN- IÄ p-ånâ ]qà o-i-cn- p-ibpw snbvxp. Ccp-\ne si«n-s- nâ \ns m-gn-bp p C.M.A. No. 120/1973 sâ A n-a-xo-cp-am\w 13/10/73 h p. AX-\p-k-cn v api-fn-es \nebnâ \n p ImtXm-en m I n- mà Hgn-ªp-t]m-Im³ D -c-hmbn. 18/8/73se XriqÀ kºv tims-xn-bpss Xocp-am\w Ønco-I-cn- p-ibpw snbvxp. 19/9/73 apxâ 31/10/73 hsc H mw \ne-bnâ hn{i-an- -hà, tims-xn-hn-[n-{]-imcw Cd- n-t]m- Im³ hnk-½-xn p. HSp-hn api-fnse apdn-bnse ]Ån-km-[-\- Ä FSp- m³ A\p-h-Zn- -Wsa- mbn. FÃmw FSp v Xcm-sa \ne-]m-snâ Dd- p-\n v api-fn-te- på tkmh-wn- -Sn-bn hnizm-kn-iä Ccn- p-d- n p. cm{xn Gsd sshin Im bpw addpw FSp- p-sim-sp- p-ibpw snbvxp.

12 O.S. No. 47/1961 XÅn-b-Xn-s\-Xnsc A.S. 200/74 Bbn A oâ t_m[n- n- p p Iogvt m-sxn A\ymbw XÅnb kml-n-cy- nâ sslt m-s-xn-bnâ A.S. 200/74 \¼cmbn ho pw A oâ \ÂIn. {]kvxpx A o-enâ PÌokv kp{_-ò-wy³ t]mddnbpw, PÌokv si. kpip-am-c\pw DÄs «Unhn-j³ _ v hmzw ti«p. Iogvt m-sxn hn[n AØn-c-s -Sp- ns m pw ""BÀ m«v knwlm-k-\-]ån ae- -c-k-`bv v AI- mtwm, ]pd- mtwm'' F v ]cn-tim-[n- -W-sa v Bh-iy-s «pw ho pw Iogvt m-s-xn-bnâ hmzw tiä -W-sa pw 31þ12þ81 hn[n {]kvxm-hn p. Cu tiêv O.S. No. 2/83 \¼cmbn Fd-Wm-Ipfw ^Ìv AUo-j-\ Unkv{SnIvSv tims-xn-bn-se n. O.S. No. 2/1983,  hn[n-bmbn. hn[n-b-\p-k-cn v Ip w-ipfw knwlmk-\-]-ån-bpss `cww ]cn-ip² At ymjym ]m{xn-bà okv _mhm-bpss {]Xn-\n-[n-bnsem, _mhm-bmâ {]txy-i-ambn \nb-an- -s -Sp sa{xm-t m-eo- m-bnsem \n n-]vx-amwv. ae- c HmÀ -tumivkv ImtXm-en, sim n `{Zm-k\ sa{xm-t m-eo, Ah-cpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-IÄ F nhsc ]Ån-bn {]th-in- p- -Xn \n v imiz-x-\n-tcm-[\ D -chp aqew hne n. Bcm-[- \bv v XS-Ê-ap- m- p-itbm, Bcm-[-\bv v hcp- -hà v amàk-x-sêw krjvsn- p-itbm sn - cp-sx pw timsxn D -c-hmbn. ImtXm-en- m-] w taâ]-dª Unkv{SnIv«v tims-xn-bpss (Fd-Wm-Ipfw ]Ån timsxn) D -c-hn-s\-xnsc A.S. 11/2003 \¼-cmbn sslt m-s-xn-bnâ A oâ kaà n- n-«p v. Iogvt m- SXn hn[n tì sn -W-sa ImtXm-en- m-]- - nsâ Bhiyw timsxn AwKo-I-cn- nã. ImtXmen- -m]- - n\v Bcm-[-\-bv mbn Iogvt m-sxn A\p-h-Zn 8.15 apxâ hsc-bpå kabw sslt m-sxn \ne-\nà n-bn-«p v apxâ Bcw-`n \nb-a-bp²w 44 hàj-ambn XpSÀ p- sim- n-cn- p p end [This article, originally published in 1998 by Rev. Fr. Dr. Mani Rajan, the Vicar of the Arthat Simhasana Church was updated in 2003 for the Malankara Sabdham Magazine. It is this edited version of the article which is reproduced here.] Published in Internet by