hnizm-k-kw-c- -I I Ω-\n-c-X-bpsS 50 h j-߃ ]qpy-øn\v hne I ]n CS-b-t{i-jvT bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS {]kn- o-i-cww

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1 "!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!" "!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!" "!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!" "!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!" "!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!" "!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!" "!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!" "!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!" "!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!" "!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!" hnizm-k-kw-c- -I bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS {]kn- o-i-cww Vol. 2 Issue 6 December - 15 I Ω-\n-c-X-bpsS 50 h j-߃ ]qpy-øn\v hne I ]n CS-b-t{i-jvT!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!! bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpss {]mtz-in-i-x-e-h ]utcm-ln-xyÿm\w G -Xns 50 mw h j-øn-tebv v IS- p- p. Bflob DW hns \nc- -c-t]m-cm- -ß-fpsS 50 h jw. Hcp a\p-jym-bp- n sszhw G ]n Npa-X-e-Iƒ ]q Æ-amb A -Øn \n h-ln- p CSbt{ijvT. bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k`-bpss B[q-\nI Aa-c- m-c. sszh-øn D AN- -e-amb hnizm-kw t{ijvt _mhm Xncpta-\nsb C pw \S-Øp- p. Hcp {]Xn-k- nbpw Xncp-ta-\n v hne-ßp-x- Sn-b-. sszhw X hnthiw Cu 80 mw hb- nepw t{ijvt ]nxmhv _p n-]q w D]-tbm-K-s -Sp-Øp- p. F{Xsb{X tikp-iƒ, F{X-sb{X \ntcm-[-\-߃, F p-am{xw A]-am-\-߃... CsX mw kln- Xv H n- \p-th- n-bm-wv. Cu k`m-\u-isb kpc- n-x-amb XocØv ASp n phm. Nne hnnm-cn p tikp-iƒsim v txm n- m-sa- v. ]e D]mb-ßfpw Ah ]co- n- p. CsX pwsim v Cu P\-Iob CS-bs\ ]cm-p-b-s -Sp-Øm Ign- n-. t{ijvt ]nxm-hns i n P\-ß-fn-ep hnizm-k-am-bn-cp- p. ImcWw hnizm-kn-iƒ t{ijvt ]nxm-hns\ A{X-I v hniz-kn- p. GXv {]Xn-k- n-bnepw X߃ v t\xrxzw \ Ip-hm Cu {][m\ BNmcy ImWp-sa v Ah hniz-kn- p. F m Bi-b-ßfpw P\-ß-fpsS Nn -bmbn {]Xn-^-en- n- p. FhnsS sn mepw Bbn-c- -W- n\v hnizmkn-iƒ ap{zm-hm-iy-ß-fp-ambn Bth-i-tØmsS Np n-iq-sp- p. C{X-b-[nIw P\-Iob ]n p-wbpw Bth-i-am kzoi-c-whpw e`n- n- p as mcp CS-b-t{i-jvT ImWp-I-bn-. ]qpy-øn\v hne I ]n CS-b-t{i-jvT\mWv _mh. H p-an- m-bvabn \n v Cu k`sb hf Øn. B-cpsS apºnepw C v A`n-am-\-tØmsS \ap v Xe-bp-b Øn \n m km[n- Xv _mh Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Zo Lho-j-Whpw Cu i n-bp-am-wv. Cu C m-i- n-bpss {]Xy DZm-l-c- W-amWv ]pø Ip-cniv ]m{xn-b m sk dpw ] n-i-fp-sa- mw. `uxni t\ -tøm-ssm w Bflob hf -bnepw t{ijvt ]nxmhv {i m-ep-hm-bn-cp- p. Iogn w [ym\-ti-{µhpw ]pø Ip-cniv I sh j\pw ss nƒ A m-u-an-bp-sa mw DZm-l-c-W-߃ am{xw. hnzym-`ymk taj-e-bn _mhm-bpss {i -sbøn \nc-h[n D -X-hn-Zym- `ym-k-ÿm-]-\-߃ Cu Ime-L- -Øn k`bv v D m-bn. _mhm-xn-cpta-\n-bp-ss kw-lm-si tijn-bpss Icp-ØmWv C v sa{xm I- n-bn Hcp-hn-`m-K-Øns ssii-fn Ccn- p time-t cn saun- timtf- Pv, \nc-h[n sszhm-e-b-߃ F n-h-sb- mw. FXn-cm-fn-Iƒ v t]sn-kz]v\w Xs -bmwv _mh. F mimeøpw kam-[-\-øns t]cv ]d v Iui-etØmsS bmt m-_m-b- msc Iogvs -Sp-Øp ]Xnhv sa{xm I- n-iƒ v D m-bn-cp- p. C\n AXv \S- n F _mhm-bpss Dd Xocp-am\w Ahsc thh-em-xn-s -Sp- Øp- p. sa{xm I- n-i-fpss {]kn- o-i-c-w-ßfpw t\xm- fpw _mhmbpss a\-km- n yw XI p-hm {ian- p. _mhm-bpss PohnXw apgp Cu k`-bv mbn ka n- n-cn- p- p. tic-f-øn Hcp ss{ikvxh tae- y\pw D m-imø thz-\n- p A\p- `-h-߃ _mhmbv v D m-bn. \nc- -c-amb t]mcm- -߃, ka-c-߃, AdÃv, Pbn hmkw XpS-ßnb ]e ]ou-ifpw _mhmbv v A\p-`-hnt n h p. Cu Xym-K-ß-sf- mw Cu ].-k-`-bv pth- n-bm-sw kxyw \mw ad- -cp-xv. C v Hcp i n pw XI m Ign-bm-Ø-hn[w Cu k` hf ncn- p- p. C v ImWp Cu hf -sb mw _mhm-bpss {]m -\-bpss {]m -\-bp-ss e y-t_m-[-øns ka -W-Øns DZm-lc-Wß-fm-Wv. _mh snøp- -sx mw icn-bs v Nn n- p- -h-cp- m-imw, hna i-i-cp- m-imw. ]s, {]h Øn- p- -hscbt hna p-hm km[n- q. B hna i-\-ß-fpss ap\ Xms\ HSn- p-sim- pw. t{ijvt _mhm-bn \n v Cu k` C\nbpw {]Xo- n- p-i-bm-wv. C\nbpw Cu t\xrxzw R߃ v thww. _mhmbv v Btcm-Kyhpw Zo Lm-b pw simsp- -W-sa- mwv Rß-fpsS {]m -\. ]qpy- Øn \n v R߃ hf n-cn- p- p. AXn\v _mhm-tbmsv R߃ ISs - n-cn- p- p. ]qpy-øn \n v Cu k`sb hf Ønb B {]m \bmwv C m-i- n-bmwv \ap v th -Xv. _mhm Xncp-a-\- n-\pth n \ap v {]m n- mw. sjh. _n_n F{_lmw IS-hpw-`mKw (No^v FUn- )!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"! Sponsored by: Mor adai Study Center

2 2 Congratulations to our beloved H.B Bava Thirumeni on is 50 th Priestly ordination Anniversary VARGHESE KORAH & FAMILY PARATHUVAYALIL

3 3 _mhm-bpss amxm-]n-xm- ƒ _mh sshzo-i-\m-bn-cp- -t mƒ -k-`-bpss B[q-\nI in ]n; k`bv pw kaq-l-øn\pw A\p-{K-l-amb ]nxmhv Gen-bmkv tam AØ-\m-tkymkv sa{xm-t m-eoø (hnizm-k-kw-c- -W-k-anXn h nwkv { BZyw Ahn-SpsØ cmpyw At\z-jn- pi! AtXm-sSm w a p- -h-sb mw \n߃ v e`n- pw (aøm. 6:33). sszh-øns hn\w kpo-hhpw Du -kz-ehpw BWv. Ccp-Xe hmfn-t\- m aq -tb-dn-bxpw tnx-\-bnepw Bflm-hnepw k n-_- - ß-fnepw a -bnepw Xpf- p-i-bdn lrz-b-øns hnnm-c-ßsfbpw \ntbm-k-ß-sfbpw hnth-nn- p- -Xp-am-Wv. (sl{_m. 4:12) sszh-h-n-\-ß-fpss Cßs\ F{Xtbm ] m-øew Pohn-X-Øn A\p-`-hn- -dn B ym-flni t\xm-hmwv t{ijvt ImtXm-en _tk-en-tbmkv txmakv {]Y-a _mh Xncp-a-\- p-sim- v. F\n v Pohn- pi {InkvXphpw AXp-h-gn-bp k`-bpss hf bv pw BXy- ni e yw F p-]-d hn. ]utemkns hm p-iƒ kz -am n "F\n v Pohn- pi k`-bm-ip p' F v hniz-kn- p-sim v k`sb temi-øns a\- m- n-bm n am p-hm-\p Xo vw- Xbpw \n -b-zm Uyhpw ]nxm-hns\ F m Xe-ß-fnepw {it -b-\m- n-bn- p- v. et m-]-e w kxy-hn-izm-kn-i-fpss lrz-b-øn {]Im-i-tKm-]p-c-ambn tim`n- p t{ijvt _mhm Xncp-ta\n, bmt m-_mb k`sb 21 mw \q m- n-tebv v \bn- p Cu Bflo-bm-Nm-cy\v sszh-ip-{iq-jm-ir] Gsd e`n- n- p- v. At±-l-Øns t\xr-xz-kn- nbpw kwl-s-\m-]m-shpw a p-k-`-ifpw {i -tbmss t\m n-im-wp p F p- Xv _mhm-bpss {]txyi khn-ti-j-xbm-wv. AXv At±-l-Øn\v kz w. BtcmSpw i{xp-x-bn- msx {]iv\-ß-tfmspw kml-n-cy-ß-tfmspw {]Xn-I-cn- p-sim- v hn-izmk߃ p-th n Poh _en A n- p-hm apt m- p-h hen- -s -dp- -an- msx H p-t]mse ImWp ]m]nsb kvt\ln- p t{ijvt _mh bt m-_m-b-k-`bv v F pw A`n-am\w Xs. efn-x-po-hnxw, ASn-]-X-dmØ sszh-hn-izmkw, i{xp-kvt\-lw, Bflss[cyw, elp-`- -Ww, kvt\l-\n `-c-amb s]cp-am- w, [ym\-po-hn-xw, DØa amxr-im-pohn-xw, B{in-X-hm- -eyw, a\- -cp-øv, Db -Nn-, Xmgva-bp at\m-`m-hw, ip n \nd ssien, kz w oww ad v A]-cs oww am p-hm-\p CS-s]-S, {]m n pw [ym\n pw ka n pw FSp- p Xocp-am-\-߃, ZrV-Nn-, bym kphn-ti-j-i Cßs\ t]mip p ae- -c-bpss Aa-c- m-cs {]txy-i-x-iƒ. ]q Øo-Icn mø B{Klw GsX v Hcp Ip n-t]mepw tnmzn- m adp-]sn DS hcpw "k`-bnse kam-[m\w, sfiyw'. hs-b-ºm-sn-bnse AXn-]p-cm-X-\-amb IpSpw-_-Øn P\n Ip q v F hniz-{]-im-i-ambn amdn-b-xv, Cu k`bv v A\p-{K-l-am-Wv. _mey-imew sim n-bn \n pw GI-tZiw 20 In.-ao. AI-se-bp ]pø Ip-cn-in-\-SpØv hs-b- ºm-Sn-bn sndp-h- n aøm-bn- -Ip- Ω Zº-Xn-I-fpsS 8 a -fn Bdm-a-\mbn 1929 Pqembv 22 \v P\n- p. {]k-hn v how-bp-ss\ hb m n Ip ns\ FSpØv ]d- p. "Cu Ip v henb Hcm-fmbnØocpw'. Aßs\ Ip q v F Hma-\-t -cn txmakv Adnb-s - p. c pt\cw aps-ßmsx IrXy-k-a-bØv {]m n pw BSp-am-Sp-Isf hf Ønbpw _mey-imeøv {]h Øn- p. a -\n- c _mhm-bpss Xncp-ti-jn- p ate- p-cniv Zbdmbn AΩ F pw Ip n-s\-bpw-sim v t]mbn {]m n- pi ]Xn-hm-bn-cp- p. Hcp Znhkw ai-s\bpw asn-bn In-SØn AΩ {]m n- p-sim- n-cp- -t mƒ Hcp {]Imi-h-eb-Øn-\p- n tbip \n p- -Xmbn Z i\w I p. a -\n- c _mhm-bpss a yÿ-x-bn-eqss tbip-hn\v Ip q- ns\ ImgvN-bmbn ka n- p. ate- p-cniv Zb-dm-bn ais\ AΩ ASn-a-bn-cp-Øn. _mey-im-eøv tcmkw h v ac-wsø ap n I _mh Ft mgpw ]dbpw. "Fs P -Øn\v apgp-h IS- mspw Xºp-cm-t\m-SmWv'. Bdv h jtømfw `h-\-øn amxm-]n-xm- -tfm-ssm w Irjn-Im-cy-ß-fn ITn-\m-[zm\w snbxv Ign- p-iq-sn. Imf-]q- nbpw Imen-I-fpsS e Ww t\m nbpw Pohn- p. ITn-\m-[zm-\-Øns ]mx-i-fn-eqss k -cn v HSp-hn X]m hip- n A -tem- - m-c-\mbn tpmen-bn {]th-in- p. ]{X-hn-X-cWw CXns IqsS \S-Øn. nxn h nwkv {]kn-u v)v) hnzym-`ymkw tcmk-ß-fp-ssbpw Zmcn-Zy-Øn-s bpw \Sp-hn sshzni ]mt-im-e-bn t]mbn. sszh- Øn-\mbn ka n v ate- p-cniv Zb-dm-bn Xmakw Bcw-`n- p. Zb-dm-bnse k tukviq-fn ]Tn- n- p-ibpw {]kw-kn- p-ibpw snøp-am-bn-cp- p. XpS v ]nd-am-søv ] - m-c-\m-ip-hm A`ykn- p. XpS v Bep-hm-bnse henb Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sS Acp-a-in-jy- \mbn amdn. A`n-hµy ]utemkv tam ]oe-ivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta-\n-bn \n pw 1952 timdqtbm ] hpw 1957 IS-a- -Øp-h v siωm-ip-]- -hpw e`n- p Iio-im-]- hpw kzoi-cn- p. sndp-h- n IpSpw-_-Øn \n pw 43 masø sshzni-\m-bn-cp p At±-lw. X\n v PohnXw e`n ate- p-cniv Zb-dm-tbmSv _mhmbv v At`-Zy-amb _ -am-wp- mbn-cp- -Xv. Zb-dm-bnse Pohn-X-Øn Gdn-b-] pw At±lw kt -kviqƒ A ym-]-i-\mbn amdn. Ip n-i-ƒ v m v FSpØpw ss nƒ IY-Iƒ ]d- p-sim-spøpw Km\-ß ]Tn- n pw {InkvXp-akv Itcmƒ Km\-ß-fp-ambn ae-{]-tz-iøv IqSn k -cn pw At±lw Zbdm-Po-hnXw Nne-h-gn- p. hnhn[ ] n-iƒ 29 mw hb- n sshzni-] w kzoi-cn- -Xn-\p-tijw ]pø Ip-cniv Iogvap-dn, t^m psim- n, he-ºq, Xriq, I v F o CS-h-I-I-fn \nkvxp-e-amb tkh\w BWv \n -ln- -Xv. Htc-k-abw 4 CS-h-I-I-fn hsc tpmen snbvxp txmakv A s ImeØmWv ]pø Ip-cniv hen-b-] n ]Wn-Xp-b Øn-b-Xv. Xs Xe-bn aæp-sim Npa- vt]m-ip txma-k- s Nn{Xw C pw ]e-cp-ssbpw a\- n D v. C v tic-f-øn {]ikvxn B n time-t cn saun- timtfpv C sø \ne-bn hf Øn hep-xm nbxv kn.-fw. txma-k- s A o-w-{]-bxv\w aqe-am-wv apx 74 hsc Bip-]-{Xn-bpsS Hm Kss\knwMv sk{i- -dn-bmbn {]h Øn- n-cp- p. Hcp ÿm]\w \n Ωn v AXns ]q Øo-I-cWw ImWp- -Xv- A-t±-l-Øn\v F pw henb B{K-l-am-bn-cp- p. sa{xm ÿm-\-tøbv v BSns\ tabn- p-\-s Zmhn-Zn-s\, Icw \o n kz -am n A`n-tjIw snbvxv knwlmk-\m-ÿm-\m- nb sszhw-x-ºp-cms {]h Ø-\-co-Xn v Cu bpk-ønepw am w h n- n F -Xns DØ-a-D-Zm-l-cWw BWv kn.-fw. txma-k-. k` {]Xn-k- n-bn-em-bt mƒ t\xr-ÿm-\-tøbv v txmakv tam Znh- m-tkymkv Db Ø-s - Xv sszh-]- -XnbpsS `mk-am-bn-cn- mw. k`-bpss ]c-am- y- ]. C m-øn-tbmkv kmjm {]Y-a ]m{xnb okv _mh Xncp-a-\- p-sim v ]d-bp- Xv {ihn- m-epw. "Hcp sa{xm-t m-eoø F \ne-bn Xs Npa-X-e-Iƒ XnI \njvt-tbm-ss-bmwv \nd-th- n-hcp- -Xv. \ CS-b-s\- t mse hnizm-kn-iƒ mbn tkh-\-\n-c-x-\mbn' Ime-L- -Øn ImtXm-en- mbpw ]m{xn-b okpw Xpey-cm-sW pw am txmam-bpss knwlm-k-\-øn Bcp-V F \ymbw hnti-j-w-hp-ambn sa{xm I- n- m cwk-øn-d-ßn-b-txmss k` {]Xn-k- n-bn-em-bn. CXn-s\-Xnsc hnizm-kn-iƒ aesh m n-ep-t]mse Ccºn apt -dn. Beph Xr p- Øv skan-\m-cn-bn InS Im IØn v kxy-hn-izm-kn-isf IpSp- p-hm {ian Ip{]-kn Im IØn- Ah-cpsS sa{xm-\mb am sxtbm-^n-tem-kn\v h hn\-bmbn amdn-bxv Cu Ime-L- -Øn-em-Wv BKÃv 15 \v Xs At ymjym hnizm-k-kw-c- -W-k-anXn cq]o-ir-x-am-bn s^{_p-hcn 24, ae- csb kw_- n v al-\ob Zn\w BK-X-am-bn. ]m{xn-b m sszhm-e-b-øn h v Imew snbvx ]. bmt m_v XrXo-b ]m{xn-b okv _mh _lp. kn.-fw. txmakv A s\ "txmakv tam Znh- m-tkymkv' F t]cn A -amen `{Zm-k- \-Øns sa{xm-t m-eo-ø-bmbn hmgn- p. sa{xm-t m-eo-ø-bmbn ae- -c-bn-tebv v Xncn txmakv tam Znh- m-tkym-kv sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbv pw Koh Kokv tam {KntKm-dn-tbm-kv sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbv pw ae- -c-k` ImWmØ coxn-bn-ep h cmp-iob kzoi-cww tijw 4 mw t]pn ]. bmt m_v XrXo-b _mh, Imew snbvx ]pwy-t«m-i-\mb s]cp-º n Xncp-ta-\n-tbbpw t{ijvt _mh Xncp-ta-\n-sbbpw sa{xm-t m-eo-ø- m-cmbn hmgn- -t mƒ

4 4 ]. bmt m_v XrXo-b _mh, Imew snbvx ]pwy-t«m-i-\mb s]cp-º n Xncp-ta-\n-tbbpw t{ijvt _mh Xncp-ta-\n-sbbpw sa{xm-t m-eo-ø- m-cmbn hmgn- -t mƒ -k-`-bpss B[q-\nI in ]n; k`bv pw kaq-l-øn\pw A\p-{K-l-amb ]nxmhv... XpS BWv Hcp- n-b-xv. s]cp-ºm-hq ]- Ww A -cm -Øn a\p-jy-a-lm-k-ap-{z-ambn amdn. k`-bv p-th n Xs Poh _en A n- p-sa v e -ßsf km n-\n Øn Xncp-ta\n {]Jym-]n- p. Xpcp-Øn-ticn Atkm-kn-tb-j Xpcp-Øn-ticn knwlm-k-\-] n A -W-Øn si n-bp-b Ønb ] -en h v ae- c bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym\n Atkm-kn-tb-j cq]o-ir-x-am-bn. k`m `c-w- Øn\v h nwkv IΩn- n, amt\-pnwkv IΩn n F nh cq]o-i-cn- p. Ahn-sS-h- p-xs ae- _m `{Zm-k\ sa{xm-t m-eo-ø-bmbn imap-th tam ]oe-ivkn-t\mkv hmgn- -s - p. CXns -sb mw kq{x-[m-c-i-\mbn \n Xv ani kwlm-s-i IqSn-bmb txmakv tam Znh- m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\n-bm-bn-cp- p. ]gw-t m w D]-hm-k-b w ae -bnse hnhn[ kzoi-c-w-ß-fpss `mk-ambn ]g-t m w CS-h-I- m txmakv am Znh- m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\n v D ze kzoi-cww Hcp- n. ]s Imep-am-dnb hnimcnbpw \ΩpsS hnizm-kn-ifpw XΩn-ep A`n-{]mb hyxym-k-߃ FØn-t Xv I t -kp-i-fn-em-bn-cp- p. ] n-]-cn-kcw t]meo-kn-s\-sim v \nd- p. Kp -Iƒ \ΩpsS hnizm-kn-isf X n-n-x- p. If-IvS XpS v \ntcm-l-\m {]Jym-]n- p. A s\ AdÃv snbvxp. IS-I-tºm-f-߃ AS v l Øm-em-N-cn- p. Aßs\ 77 Pq amkw 11- mw XobXn Bcm-[-\m-kzm-X{ yøn\pw I -ti- p-iƒ ]n -h-en- p- -Xn\pw th n txmakv tam Znh- m-tkymkv Xncp-ta\n ] n-bpss Ihm-S-Øn \ncm-lmc D]-hmkw XpS-ßn. Cu D]- hmk kacw ticf cmjv{sob cwk-øp-t]mepw timfn-f w krjvsn- p. a{ n-am, Fw.-]nam, Fw.-F.-F-am, hnhn[ cmjv{sob kmaq-ly-{]-xn-\n-[n-iƒ, Xncp-ta-\nsb kµ in v ]n pw {]Jym-]n- p. XpS v a{ n-k-`m-x-e-øn \S a y-ÿ-x-bn \ap v \jvss Bcm-[\m kzmx{ yw XncnsI e`n- -Xn-s\-Øp-S v A`n-hµy Xncp-ta\n D]-hmkw Ah-km-\n- n- p. Bephmkw`-hhpw Pbn hm-khpw Bep-hm-kw-`hØns ASn-ÿm\wtX\p- ss]en-bpss ih-kw-kvim-c-tøm-s- \p-_- n- m-bn-cp- p. ihkwkvimc ip{iq-j-bn ]s -Sp- m-s\-ønb Xncp-ta-\nsb t]meokv XS- p. HSp-hn tdmun h v ip{iq-j-\-søn skan-tø-cn-bn ih-a-s- n. XpS p-\-s Din-c {]I-S-\-Øn ]Xn-\m-bn-c-߃ ]s -Sp-Øp. \oxn \S- n-em- n-bns - n Xs bpw P\-ß-sfbpw Pbn-en AS-t - n-h-cp-sa v Xncp-ta\n {]Jym-]n- p. Aß-s\-bn-cns k m 144 cl-ky-ambn ]n h-en- v sa{xm I- n v Xr p- Øv ] n Xpd- p-sim-sp-øp. hnh-c-a-dn v Xncp-ta-\nbpw Bbn-c- -W- n\v hnizm-kn-ifpw kw`-h-ÿ-e-tøbv v IpXn- p. X\n pw Bcm-[-\-bv mbn Xpd v \ I-W-sa Xncpta-\n-bpsS Bhiyw t]meokv \nc-kn- -txmss {]Xn-tj[w Cc-ºn. t]meo-kv\n-jvtq-c-ambn emøn-nm Pv snbvxp. {Iqin-te- m sim p-t]mb tbip-x-ºp-cms\ A sø ] m-f- m Ip w-sim v IpØn-b-Xns Bh Ø-\-sa-t mww Hcp t]meo-kp-im-c Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS hb- n emøn-sim v ]e-h w IpØn. emøn-b-sn-tb Xncp-ta\n \Sp-tdm-Un Id-ßn-ho-Wp. tbip-x-ºp-cms\ H p-sim-spø bqzm-sb-t mse B t]meo-kp-im-c\pw ae- -c-k-`-bpss Ncn-{X-Øns GSp-I-fn ÿew ]nsn- p. B t]meo-kp-im-cs Pohn-X-Øn Hcp-]mSv \jvs-߃ D m-bn. HSp-hn At±-l-Øn\v am\-km- cw D m-bn. Xncp-ta-\n-sb-I v am v tnmzn- p. B a\p-jys\ Xncp-ta\n Biz-kn- n- p. C pw At±lw Xncp-ta-\nsb kµ in- m-dp- v. cmjv{sob t\xm- ƒ h -txmss t]meokv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ssiønse hneßv Agn- p. A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ ho pw 144 {]Jym-]n- p. XpS p-\-s Din-c {]-I-S\w HSp-hn emøn- m Pn ]cy-h-km-\n- p. Bbn-c- -W- n\v a\p-jy-cpss c w Beph Hmh {_nuvpneqss Hgp-In. \qdpi-w- n\v ]ptcm-ln-x- m a ±-\-Øn\ncbm-bn. cm{xn 3a-Wn-tbmsS Bhi-\mb Xncp-ta-\nsb Pbn-en \n pw apn-kvt{s v apºmsi lmp-cm- n. Unkw-_ 20 hsc dnam Un hbv m DØ-c-hm-bn. Pbn-en Xncp-ta\n \ncm-lmcw Bcw-`n- p. HSphn ssxem-`n-tji ip{iqj \S-Øn. Fhn-sSbpw timix Xfw-sI- n. HSp-hn a{ n-k- `m-xo-cp-am-\-{]-imcw tikp-iƒ ]n h-en- p. XpS v Fd-Wm-Ipfw P\-d Bip-]-{Xn-bnem- n. Ahn-sSbpw D]-hmkw XpS p. HSp-hn a{ n-am-cpss Btem-N-\-{]-Imcw Xr p- Øv skan-\mcn Xpd v IS-hn ]utemkv tam AØ-\m-tkymkv hn. Ip m\ A n- p. Xncp-ta\n hn. Ip m\ A\p-`-hn- p. Aßs\ 44 Znh-k-sØ D]-hmkw Ah-km-\n- n v Xncp-ta\n timx-aw-k-e-tøbv v Xncn- p. A p-ap-x C p-hsc 342 tikp-i-fnse {]Xn-bmbn amdn. Kn kv _p n t]mepw Cu hnti-jwap Bƒ D m-in-s v Xam-i-cq-t]W ]d-bp-am-bn-cp- p. k`-bpss ÿm]-\-߃ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A o-w-{]-bxv\w sim v hf-sc-b-[niw ] n-iƒ, Nm -ep-iƒ, hnzym-`ym-k-ÿm-]-\-߃ F nh D m-bn. temi-ønse G hpw henb `{Zm-k-\-amb A -amen `{Zm-k-\-Øn\v \qdp-i-w- n\v ] n-ifpw Nm -ep-ifpw Ipcn-in sxm- n-ifpw ]pxn-b-xmbn Xncp-ta\n D m- n. CXn-\p-]p-dsa ] n-iƒ, Zb-dm-Iƒ, B{i-a-߃, tim sh p-iƒ, Bip-]-{Xn-Iƒ F n-h-sb mw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS kw`m-h-\-i-fm-wv. ]pø Ip-cn-iv, ] n-a w F n-hss kviqfp-iƒ ÿm]n- p. CXn-\p-]p-dsa sf.- n.-kn., _n.fuv timtf-pv, su timtf-pv, ]ndhw F Pn-\n-b-dnwKv timtfpv Cßs\ t]mip p B B\p-{K-loX kw`m-h-\-iƒ. hntzi ]cy-s-\-߃ ]T-\-Øn\pw k`-bv p-th n ]Ww kzcq-]n- p- -Xn\v k`m a -fpss Bflo-bm-hiy-߃ \nd-th- p- -Xn\pw Kƒ^v \msp-iƒ, s\x em v, Hmkvt{S-en-b, Ata-cn-,-Im-\- U, Pdp-k-tew, tdmw, Xq n, kndnb XpS-ßnb cmpy-߃ kµ in- p. F n-kvtim- kp -l-tzmkv {]kn-u v kp -l-tzmkv {]kn-u m-bn-cp tum. Koh Kokv tam {KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n 1999 s^{_p-hcn 22 \v Imew snbvx-t mƒ kp -l-tzmkv A`n-hµy Znh- m-tkymkv Xncpta-\nsb {]kn-u mbn sfiy-i-wvtty\ sxc-s -Sp-Øp. Cu ÿm\-tøbv v Db v amk-߃ p- n ]nxm-hns\ ip -ambn hkn- p-hm sa{xm I- n- m Xc-s v \S- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. AXns `mk-am-bn-cp p IÆym- v\n-c v ] n-bn \S- -Xv. Xncp-ta-\nbpsS Im \in- n- p-ibpw At±-l-Øn\v t\sc Is -dn-bp-ibpw snbvxp. CXn {]-Xntj-[n v aqhm- p-]p-g-bn \S {]Xn-tj[ ktω-f\w Hcp IS-embn Cc-ºn. \nbp ImtXm-en m ÿm\-tøbv v 2000 Unkw-_ 27- mw XobXn ]pø Ip-cn-in IqSnb AJne ae- c ] n-{]-xn- ]p-cp-j-tbmkw ImtXm-en m ÿm\-tøbv v Xncp-ta-\nsb sfiy-i-wvtty\ sxc-s - Sp-Øp. ImX-S- n- p Ic-tLm-j-tØm-sS-bmWv ae- -c-k` Cu {]Jym-]-\sØ kzoi-cn- -Xv. ae- -c-bnse a v sa{xm-t m-eo-ø- m tn v t{ijvt ImtXm-en- mbv v ÿm\-nn- -ß AWn-bn- p. t{ijvt \nbp _mh o_ Db Øn F m-h-scbpw A\p-{K-ln- p. ae- -c-k-`-bpss hnizm-k-ßfpw ]mc-º-cy-ßfpw ImØp-kq- n- p-sa pw k` X ne n hnizmkw ]cn-c- n- p-sa pw _mh adp-]sn {]kw-k-øn {]Jym-]n- p. t{ijvt ImtXm-en m _mhm ÿm\-tøbv v 2002 Pqsse 26 \v ]. ]m{xn-b okv _mh "tam _tk-en-tbmkv txmakv {]Y-a ' F \ma-øn ImtXm-en m _mh-bmbn hmgn- p Unkw-_ 27 \v ]pø Ip-cnin IqSnb ] n {]Xn-\n-[n-tbmKw ImtXm-en m ÿm\-tøbv v sxc-s -Sp-Øn-cp- p. k`-bpss hf bv v apjy-[m-c-bn-tebv v \bn Cu At] ]. ]m{xn-b okv _mh \nd a\-t mss kzoi-cn- p. ImtXm-en m _mh hmgvn-bn temi-ønse hnhn[ `mk-ß-fn \n pw sa{xm-t m-eo-ø- m kl-im Ωn-I-cm-bn-cp- p. XpS v \S A\p-tam-Z\ ktω-f-\-øn kndn-bm-bnse {]ikvx hy n-iƒ ]s - Sp-Øp. ÿm\m-tcm-l-w-zn\w C Uy-bnepw BtLm-j-ß-fpsS then-tb- -am-bn-cp- p. hn. Ip m\ A n pw {]txyiw {]m -\-Iƒ \S-Ønbpw {]Jym-]n ka-bøv `mc-x- Øn Fßp-ap ] n-i-fn awn-\mzw apg- nbpw IXn-\m-sh-Sn-Iƒ apg- nbpw a[pcw hnf-ºnbpw hnizm-kn-iƒ BÀm-Z-Øn ]s -Sp-Øp Pqsse 27 i\n-bmgvn tic-f-øn FØn-t t{ijvt _mhmsb kzoi-cn- p-hm ]Xn-\m-bn-c-߃ hnam-\-øm-h-f-øn FØn-bn-cp- p. \qdp-i-w- n\v hml-\- ß-fpsS AI-º-Sn-tbmsS timx-aw-k-e-tøbv v B\-bn- p Pqsse 31 \v F m sa{xm-t m-eo-ø- mcpw ]s -SpØ kpt m-wntkm ip{iqj tijw 5 mw t]pn ]. C m-øn-tbmkv kmjm {]Y-a _mhm, tam Znh- m-tkymkv sa{xm-t m-eo-ømsb t{ijvtimtxm-en- -bmbn hmgn- -t mƒ

5 5 ]. C m-øn-tbmkv kmjm {]Y-a _mhm, tpm t]mƒ c m-a am ]m-, I Zn-\mƒ B Wn ]Sn-bd F n-h-tcm-ssm w -k-`-bpss B[q-\nI in ]n; k`bv pw kaq-l-øn\pw A\p-{K-l-amb ]nxmhv... XpS \S- p. t{ijvt _mhmsb Hcp ] n-bnepw Ib- m t\m msx sa{xm I- n-iƒ tikp- Iƒ simsp-øp {]bm-k-s -Sp-Øp-hm {ian- p. ae- -c-bpss kph Æ Ime-L- -ß-fm-bncp p ]n o-sv. t{ijvt _mhm-bpss Nnd-In Iogn ae- -c-k` A\p-Zn\w A\p-K-an- phm Xp-S-ßn. ae- cbpss Ncn-{X-Ønse kph Æ A ym-b-am-bn-cp hn. 101 t Ip m\ ]. ]cp-ae sim p-xn-cp-ta-\n-bpss Nc-a-hm jniw k`ma ƒ BN-cn- Xv hn. 101 t Ip m-\-tbm-sp-iq-sn-bm-wv. ]m{xn-b m-sk - A -W-Øn ]Sp-Øp-b Ønb Iq ] -en 101 t{xmtwm-kp-i-fnepw Htc-k-abw \S hn. Ip m-\-bn t{ijvt _mh {][m\ Im Ωn-I-\m-bn amdn. e - -W- n\v hnizm-kn-iƒ PmXn-a-X-t`-X-sas\y Cu Ip m- \-bn ]s -Sp-Øp. B pw km[n- m-ø, F n temiw I ani kwlm-s-i-\mb t{ijvt _mhbv v am{xw km[n- p H m-bn-cp p Cu 101 t Ip m-\. sa{xm hmgvn-iƒ 2003 sk]v w-_ 29 \v ae- c k`-bpss Ncn-{X-Øn as mcp GSp-IqSn ÿm\w ]nsn- p. ]pø Ip-cniv ]m{xn-b m sk A -W-Øn {]txyiw Xøm-dm- nb ] -en h v t{ijvt ImtXm-en m _tk-en-tbmkv txmakv {]Y-a _mh Xncp-a-\- p-sim v Ipdn-bm-t mkv tam sxtbm^n-temkv F \ma-øn hmgn- -s ]pxnb sa{xm-t meo-ømsb sshzn-i knwlm-k-\-øn h v CcpØn Db Øn t{ijvt _mh BZy-ambn \S-Ønb sa{xm hmgvn Ncn-{X-Øns GSp-I-fn ÿm\w ]nsn- p Pqsse 3 ae- c k`-bpss Ncn-{X-Øn kph Æ en]n-i-fm Fgp-X-s -ts as mcp-zn-\w. `mc-x-ønse At -mkvxe-\mb am txm-am-«o-lm-bpss c -km- n-zn-\-amb Pqsse aq mw XobXn am txmam «olm-bpss \ma-øn-ep hs- ]d-hq sk v txmakv sszhm-e-b-øn h v t{ijvt _mh 5 sa{xm-t m-eoømam-cpss hmgvn \SØn. CtXmsS t{ijvt _mh 6 sa{xm-t m-eo-ø- m-sc-bmwv k`bv v kw`m-h\ snbvx-xv. sszh- Øns Af-h Icp-Wbpw t{ijvt _mhm-bpss XymtKm- z-ehpw kp[o-c-hp-amb t\xr- Xzhpw H p-sim v am{x-amwv k` Xf-cmsX \ne-\n p- -Xv P\p-hcn H mw XobXn ae- -c-k-`-bn Ncn{Xw ho pw Bh Øn- -s - p. sszh-]p-{x-\mb tbip Xºp-cm At m-kvxe-{]-ap-j-\mb ]t{xm-kns\ t]mcp-snm n hnfn v ÿm]n sszh-øns k` \ne-\n t - Xv sszth-jvs-am-i-bm thz-]n-]-co- Xn-I-fp-sSbpw kmøm-s bpw ssii-fn \n pw kxy-hn-izmkw kwc- n- p-hm\pw \ΩpsS sszhm-e-b-߃ ]cn-c- n- -s -Sp-hm\pw ÿm]n- -s At ymjym hnizm-kkw-c- -W-k-an-Xn v Hcp ]pxnb CS-bs\ t{ijvt _mhm Xncp-ta\n ae- ck`-b v Hcp ]pxp-h- -c-k-ωm-\-ambn \ In-b-t mƒ ae- -c-bpss a ƒ c pw-ssiøpw \o n ` m-zc-hp-i-tfmss kzoi-cn- p. k`m a -fpss Fsd- m-esø Hcp A`n-em-j-amWv B ]pxp-h- -c-zn-\-øn ]qh-wn- -Xv. hnip- - m-cpss KW-Øn-tebv v Db Ø-s Bep-hm-bnse hey-xn-cp-ta\n F dn-b-s -Sp ]utemkv tam AØ-\m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS \maw ho pw \ne-\n Øphm t{ijvt _mhm Xncp-ta\n Gen-bmkv timgn-]-d-ºn dºms\, Gen-bmkv tam AØ- \m-tkymkv F v \ma-i-cww snbvxv t]cv hnfn- -t mƒ ]pø Ip-cniv ]m{xn-b m sk -dn {]txyiw Xøm-dm- -s ] -en IqSn-\n ]Xn-\m-bn-c-߃ AXv G v snm n. Aßs\ hnizm-k-kw-c- -W-k-an-Xn v Hcp CS-bs\ e`n- p. CtXmsS t{ijvt ]nxmhv hmgn sa{xm-t m-eo-ø- m-cpss FÆw 7 Bbn. ]cn-ip ss«lni-k-µ i\w BI-am\ kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpss ]c-am- y- -\mb ]cn-ip C m-øn-tbmkv kmjm {]Y-a ]m{xn-b okv _mhm-bpss `mc-x-ønse ss«lni kµ i-\hpw t{ijvt _mhmbpss A o-w-{]-b-xv\w aqeambn-cp p sk]v w-_ 20 \v s\sp-ºm-ticn hnam-\- Øm-h-f-Øn h n-d-ßnb ]. ]nxm-hn\v AXn-\n `-chpw cmtpm-nn-x-hp-amb hc-th mwv \ In-b-Xv. hntzi sa{xm-t m-eo-ø- m-cpss AI-º-Sn-tbmsS hnam-\-an-d-ßnb ka-bøv ae- -ck-`-bnse F m ] n-i-fnepw BNm-c-shSnIƒ hbv p-ibpw ] n-a-wn-iƒ apg- p-ibpw snbvxp. Fd-Wm-Ipfw asd ss{uhv ssaxm-\n-bn 21- mw XobXn sshin v \S-Ønb ]m{xn-b m ÿm\m-tcm-lw cp-x-pq-_nen BtLm-j-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ h Æ-i-_-f-ambn \S- p. ticfw I G hpw henb P\-h-en-bm-bn-cp p A v ktω-fn- -Xv. t{ijvt _mhmbpss kwlm-si i n-bpss as mcp {]I-S-\-am-bn-cp p hnizm-kn-iƒ AhnsS I -Xv. Ae-I-S-ens\ km n-\n Øn -hn-izm-k-i-s-en-c-ºn, hnizm-kn-iƒ Hgp-In-sb-Øn, P\-km-Kc-am-bn. tic-f-ønse {]apj ]{X-ß-fpsS Xe-s v Xs Cß-s\-bm-bn-cp- p. ]m{xn-b m sk A -amen, sim n I -\msv F o `{Zm-k-\-ß-fpsS kwk-a-ÿm-\w. 10 In.-an. D n 50-e-[nIw ] n-iƒ. e - -W- n\v bmt m-_m-b- m Xnßn-]m p ]pø Ip-cnin Xs Bflob tae- y- s Bÿm\w sxc-s -Sp- p-hm t{ijvt _mhm Xncpa-\- n\v thsdm-cp-ÿ-ehpw Nn n-t n h n-. hntz-iøv Xma-kn- p \ΩpsS a fpss Bflm -amb kl-i-c-ww-sim v ]m{xn-b m-sk -dns ]Wn-ap-gp-h\pambn ]q Øo-I-cn- p-hm km[n- Xv t{ijvt _mhm-bpss Ign-hns as mcp AwKo-Imcw IqSnbm-bn. Bbn-c- -W- n\v kxy-hn-izm-kn-iƒ AwK-ß-fm-bp bqwn-th-gvk kndn-b Hm Ø-tUmIvkv {InkvXy {SÃns e y-ß-fn H p-am-{x-amwv ]m{xn-b m-sk. t{ijvt _mhm-bpss Iogn bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm-\n-k` hf bpss ]mx-bn 1995 se kp{]nw-tim-sxn hn[n- p-tijw sa{xm I- n- m \S-Ønb hn[nsb kw_- n- -Xmb Bi-b- p-g w hnizm-kn-isf Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc A\n- n-x-øn FØn- phm km[n p F Xv ]d-bm-sx-h-ø. k`-bpss Xe-h ]. ]m{xn-b okv _mh-bm-sw- pw ae- -c-k` BI-am\ kpdnbm-\n-k-`-bpss `mk-am-sw pw CS-h-I-]- n-iƒ CS-hI P\-ß-fp-tS-Xm-sW pw D ]ctam- -X-\oXn ]ot-øns hn[n D s m- m sa{xm I- n- m v km[n- n-. ]Icw am y-a-ßsf Iq p-]n-sn v hn[nsb txtpm-h[w snbvxv hnizm-kn-i-fpss CS-bn Bi-b- p-g w krjvsn- -Ø coxn-bn ]{X-am-[y-a-ß-fn-eqsS {]N-cWw \S-Øn. ]s, B A\n- n-xm-hÿ \ne-\n Øp-hm sa{xm I- n- m v Ign- n-. kxyw P\-߃ a\- n-em- n-b-txmss k` ks-ip-s-s -gp-t - p. t{ijvt _mhm-bpss t\xr-xz-øn k` ]ptcm-k-xn-bpss hmxn ]Sn-Iƒ At\z-jn- n-d-ßn. ae- -c-k-`-bpss Ncn-{X-]p-kvX-I-ß-fn Fgp-Xn-t Ø F{X-sb{X kw`-h-߃, c mw Iq\ Ip-cniv kxyw F -t]-cn Adn-b-s -Sp 2002 am v 20 mw Xob-Xn-bnse hnizm-k-{]-jym-]-\-k-tω-f-\w, 2002 Pqsse amkw Bdmw XobXn \S kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym\n Atkm-kn-tb-j, Pqsse 26 \v \S t{ijvt ImtXm-en hmgvn, 2002 se `c-w-l-s-\, ]. ]cp-ae Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS 100 mw Nc-a-i-Xm-_vZn-tbm-S-\p-_- n v \S 101 t Ip m-\, 7 sa{xm-t m-eo-ø- m-cpss hmgvn, Beph henb Xncp-ta-\nsb ]cn-ip- -\mbn {]Jym-]n-, ]pø Ip-cniv ]m{xn-b m-sk -dns DXvLm-S-\w, ]. ]m{xnb okv _mhm-bpss ss«lni-k-µ i-\w, Icn-ßm- nd ] n-bn \S ]. kp -ltzmkv ktω-f-\w, timx-aw-kew sndn-b-]- n-bn \S hn. aqtdm IqZm-i, apf- p-cp- Øn-]- n-bn \S c mw apf- p-cpøn Atkm-kn-tb-j, \nc-h[n hnzy-`ym-k-ÿm-]- \-ß-fpsS XpS- w. Bip-]-{Xn, AK-Xn-a-µn-cw, KÃv lukv, tim sh p-iƒ, \qdp-i-w- n\v ]pxnb sszhm-e-b-߃, Nm -ep-iƒ, Ipcn-in sxm- n-iƒ, {]b s^t m-jn- v, kphntij {]ÿm-\-߃, Cßs\ t]mip p k`-bpss ]ptcm-k-xn-bpss \mgn-i-i- p-iƒ. ae cbpss {]Imi tkm]p-c-am-bn-cp ]pwy-hm-\mb ]utemkv ZznXo-b _mh Imew snbvx-xn-\p-tijw Cu k`bv v e`n ]pwy-amwv t{ijvt _tk-en-tbmkv txmakv {]Y-a _mh Xncp-a-\- p-sim- v. D m-c-w-øn-\mbn hn. PohnXw F ]S-hmfpw {]m \ F Akv{Xhpw [cn psim v Zmhn-Zn-s\-t mse sszh-øn B{i-bn v sim v t]mcm-snb Hcp apjy t]mcm-fn-bmwv t{ijvt _mh. Bflo-b-ambn DW-cp-tºmgpw Xmgva-bmWv hnip- n-bpss am\-z-fi-sa v ImWn- p-sim-spø _mhm Xncp-ta\n, AXn-I-Tn-\-amb t\mºv, {]m -\, kphn-tij the F nh PohnXNcy-bmbn ImWp- p. \nc-]-hm-zy-amb Pohn-X-ssi-enbpw amxr-im-tbm-ky-amb {]m -\m-po-hn-xhpw {]tnm- Z\ [\y-amb kphn-tij thebpw k`bv pw cmpy-øn\pw {]tbm-p\w \ Ip {]h Ø-\-]- -Xn-Ifpw ani kwlm-si anihpw t{ijvt _mhmbw A\-iz-c-\m- p- p. ]pø Ip-cn-in D -hn B hnizm-k-kwk ae- -c-bn apgp-h\pw im n-bpss ams m-en-bp-ambn im -ambn Hgp-Ip- p. hnip KwKm-\-Zn-sb-t m-se... timx-aw-k-eøv \S kpt{ m-wntkm ip{iqj ap {]-[m-\-a{ n hmpvt]-bn-tbm-ssm w

6 6 ]. ]m{xn-b okv _mhm-tbm-ssm w ] -Xz-Pq-_nen BtLm-jn- p k`m-\m-b-i tum. F{_lmw tam tkth-dn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoø ae- -c-bpss bmt m_v _p ±m\ F A]-c-\m-a-Øn-e-dnb-s -Sp t{ijvt ImtXm-en _mhmbv v Iio»m] w e`n- n v 50 h j-am-ip- p. A`n-hµy txmakv tam Znh- m-tkymkv Xncpta\n tam _tk-en-tbmkv txmakv {]Y-a F t]cn ]. ]m{xn-b okv _mh, ImtXm-en- m-ÿm\w \ In ae- -c-k-`bn-te-bv -b- -txmss k`-bpss ]pxp-]n-d-hn v ]pxp- -am-cw-`n- p. sszhw A`n. ]nxm-hn\v Bbp pw Btcm-Kyhpw \ In k`sb \bn- m Zo LImew A\p-{K-ln- -s. "\otbm ki-e-ønepw \n Ωe-\m-bn-cn ; IjvSw kln- pi; kphn-ti-j-is {]hrøn snbvi; \ns ip{iqj \nd- ]-Sn-bmbn \nh Øn '. 2 Xotam. 4:5 CXmWv t{ijvt _mh Ct mƒ k`-bn snbvxv hcp- -Xv. cm]-i-en- msx sszh-hn-fn v ImtXm Øv ap nt \n v {]m n pw Xs kl-{]-h Ø- I v th D]-tZ-i-߃ {]Zm\w snbvxpw kphn-tij ZuXy-amWv Xm IqSp-X CjvSs v \nhr-øn v t]mcp- -Xv. Xs Ffn-abpw Bcm-[-\m-i- nbpw kzm[o-\-i- n-bp-sa mw Cu cmpysø \m\m-pmxn ax-ÿ pw \ -t]mse Adnbmw. kmaqly cmjv{sob hnzy- `ym-k-ta-j-ebnse mw Xm C v-b-z-cn- -s -Sp Hcp al hy n-bm-wv. bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bnse Atßm-f-an-tßm-f-ap k CS-h-I- m pw Xm {]nbw-i-c\pw Bflob ]nxm-hp-am-wv. Xs A\p-{Klw bmnn v \m\m-pmxn axÿcpw timx-aw-k-eøpw ]pø Ip-cn-inepw ImØp-In-S- p- p. Hcp Ip n Ic-bp-tºmƒ AXv hni- n- mtwm thz-\n- n- mtwm F v GX-Ωbv pw Xncn- -dn-bmw. AXp-t]mse hnxp- ºp a\- p-ambn sn p- -hsc Xm Xncn- -dn v Biz-kn- n- p- p. AXy-[nIsa p txm p kzm[o-\-i- n. sszhw Xºp-cms AXn-c Icp-Wbpw ISm-jhpw A`n. ]nxmhns\ Cu Pq_nen \nd-hn A\p-{K-ln- -s. Biw-k-Iƒ. t{ijvt _tk-en-tbmkv txmakv {]Y-a ImtXm-en _mh tum. bqlm-t\m tam ]oe-ivkn-t\mkv sa{xm-t m-eoø t{ijvt _tk-en-tbmkv txmakv {]Y-a _mhmbpss ]utcm-lnxy ÿm\m-tcm-lw I\X Pq_n-en-tbm-S-\p-_- n v "hnizm-k-kw-c- -I ' Hcp {]txyi]xn v {]kn- o-i-cn- p p F -dn-bp- -Xn kt m-jn- p- p. Biw-k-Iƒ t\cp-ibpw snøp- p. t{ijvt _mhm-bpss ]utcm-lnxy ÿm\m-tcm-lw Pq_nen BN-cn- p Cu ka-bøv At±-l-Øns sshzn- Ihpw sszhni-hp-amb ip{iq-j-bn-eqss hy n-ap{z ]Xn- n- phm Ign p F Xv hfsc «mwl-\o-b-amb Ahÿm hntij-am-wv. hn. adn-bm-ans au t_m-bn ]d-bpw-{]-imcw "Ah Xs Zmkn-bpsS XmgvN ISm- n- n-cn- p- p-h-t m... i -\m-bh F\n v henbh snbvxn-cn- p- p-... {]`p- - msc knwlmk-\-ß-fn \n pw Cd n XmW-hsc Db Øn-bn-cn- p p' (eqt m.1:48 52) F `mkw A -h-øm-bn-øo-cp-hm X -hæw ImtXm-en m knwlmk-\-øn D]-hn-jvS-\m-Ip-hm sszhw A`n-tjIw snbvxn-cn- p- p. At±lØns hn\-bhpw Xmgva-bp-amWv Cu D Xÿm\sØ {]m]n- m X -hæw CS-bm- n-b-sx v a\- n-em- p-hm Ignbpw. t{ijvt _mhm-bpss ImtXm-en m ÿm\ {]m]vxn bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm-\n-k-`bpss hf bv pw Db bv pw {]tbm-p-\-s psh v G-sXmcp hnizm-kn pw a\- n-em- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. hnizm-k-ÿn-c-x, ITn-\-amb \n -b-zm Uyw, hn\-bm-\zn-x-amb {]h Ø-\-߃ Ch-sb mw At±-lsØ hf -bn \n v hf -bn-tebv v Db Øphm Imc-W-am-bn-Øo p. Beph Xr p- Øv skan-\m-cn-bn [q]w hbv p p ]. ]m{xn-b okv _mh Cu t{ijvt ImtXm-en m _mhmsb "ae- -c-bpss bmt m_v _p ±m\' F p t]cv \ In _lp-am-\n- -Xns ]nºn \mam-h-ti-jamb Hcp k`sb bmt m_v _p ±m\ Db Øn-b-Xp-t]mse ae- -c-bnse k`sb hf Øn Db Øp-hm t{ijvt ImtXm-en m _mhmbv v Ign p F -Xp-sIm- mwv ]. At ymjym knwlm-k-\-øn \n pw Cu \ma-i-cww \ In BZ-cn- -Xv. t{ijvt ImtXmen m _mh BIp- - -Xn-\p-apºv tam txmakv Znh- m-tkymkv sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbpw s]- cp-º n Xncp-ta\n F v hnfn- -s - -Xmb Koh Kokv tam {KntKm-dn-tbmkv sa{xm-t meo-ømbpw H p-tn v ae- -c-bpss Hc w apx as -b w hsc HmSn \S v {]kw-kn- p-ibpw {]h Øn- p-ibpw snbvxxv apjm- ncw ae- -c-k` i n-{]m-]n- p-hm Imc- W-am-bn-Øo p. ae-_m `{Zm-k-\-Ønse hen-sbmcp P\-hn-`mKw A -am-en, I -\msv, sim n, `{Zmk-\-ß-fn \n pw IpSn-tbdn ]m Ø-h-cm-Wv. Ahsc bym-ÿn-xn-bn \ne-\n Øphm\pw ae-_m `{Zm-k\w Db Øp-hm\pw hf Øp-hm\pw t{ijvt _mhm-bp-ssbpw a pw \nc- -c-amb {]kw-khpw Bcm-[-\bpw {]tbm-p-\-s - p.t{ijvt _mhm-xn-cp-ta-\n-bpss A\p-Xm-]-ap hn. Ip m-\bpw Bcm-[\m coxn-ifpw {]kw-k-nm-xp-cyhpw hnizm-kn- Isf H n v \n Øp- -Xn\pw Hcp k` F \ne-bn kwl-sn- n- p- -Xn\pw km[n- p. At±-l-Øns I Ω-Ip-i-e-Xbpw t\xr-]m-shpw Cu k`sb C\nbpw i o-i-cn pw F -Xn kwi-b-an-. aqhm- p-]p-g-bn-ep- m-bn-cp ImtXm-en-t v Ac-a\ \jvs-am-b-t mƒ AsXmcp sh phn-fn-bmbn kzoi-cn- p-sim v ]pø Ip-cniv ]m{xn-b m sk Xs ]Sp-Øp-b Øphm km[n- p. Cu _rl-ømb {]ÿm-\-tømssm w AJne ae- c kphn-tij kwl cq]o-i-c-whpw At\Iw timtf-pp-iƒ Dƒs ss hnzy-`ymk iywj-esb hf Øp-hm X -hæw t{ijvt _mhmbv v Ign- p. C y-bpss ImtXm-en- -bmbn knwlm-k-\- ÿm-\mb t{ijvt _mh `qtkm-fni ImtXm-enI ImtXmen bmbn Xocp- -Xn\pw k`sb hf Øp- -Xn\pw km[n p F Xv FSp-Øp-]-d-tb Xmb hkvxp-x-bm-wv. ]. At ymjym knwlm-k-\-øns Imh `-S tpmk^v tam {KntKm-dn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoø 1958 se kam-[m\ DS-º-Sn- p-tijw Hcp hymg-h- - mew ae- -c-k` kam-[m-\-øns kt mjw A\p-`-hn- -dn- p. F m kam-[m-\-øns i{xp-hmb kmøm k`-bn `n -X-bpsS hnøp-hn-x-bv m XpS-ßn-b-tXmsS k`m- -co w Iep-jn-X-ambn. Bflob \ h-c-ß-fpss Dd-hn-S-amb ]. ]t{xm-kn-\-spø At ymjym knwlm-k-\-tøm-sp A\p-k-c-W-Ønepw hnt[bxzønepw \q m- p-i-fmbn hniz-kn- p-h ae- -c-k-`-bnse kxy-hn-izm-kn-i-fmb k`m-a- ƒ v "am tømam knwlm-k\w' F \ho-\m-ibw hnizm-k-øns `mk-ambn \ne-\n- p-h kvxpxn snm m- -s hnizm-k-k-xy-ßfpw ]hn-{x-ß-fmb ]mc- º-cy-ßfpw tnmzyw snøm XpS-ßn-b-tXmsS sndp-øp-\n - n- \p Bcw`w Ipdn- p apx i -amb {]Xn-tj-[-hp-ambn AWn-\n-c k`m-a- ƒ v t\xrxzw \ Im GXm\pw sshzni am{xsa D m-bn-cp- p- q. A{]-Imcw ] n hnim-cn-bm-bn-cp _lp.]n.-fw. Koh Kokv A \pw sndphn- n _lp. kn.-fw. txma-k- \pw. kwl-s\m ]mshw sim pw kzx-kn- -amb hmkznemkw sim pw ae- -c-k-`-bn kam-z-c-wo-b-cmb Cu sshzn-i-sc, k`bv v t\xrxzw \ Im th n 1973 s]cp-º n knwlm-k-\-]- n-bn h v sa{xm-t m-eoø ÿm\- tøbv v sfiy-i-wvtty\ sxc-s -Sp-Øp. ]. At ymjym knwlm-k-\-øn \n pw A`n-jn- -cmb A`n. Koh Kokv tam {KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n- pw A`n. txmakv tam Znh- m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\n pw ae- - cbn k -cn- m-\p kzmx yw t]mepw \ntj-[n- -s - n-cp- p. hyh-lm-c-߃sim v izmkw ap n- m {ian k`m-t\-xrxzw Cu ]nxm- - msc "hgn-bnse sa{xm- m ' F v ]cn-l-kn- p. Xobn Ipcp-ØXv shbn-eøv hmsp-i-bn- -t m. bmx-\-i-fpss Xo q-f-bneqss IS- p-h Xncp-ta-\namsc ae- -c-k` H -S w kl jw kzmkxw snbvxp. `oj- Wn-I-fp-sSbpw A -an- mø hyh-lm-c-ß-fp-ssbpw a y-øn ASn-]-X-dmsX kxy-hnizm-ksø apdp-si-]n-sn v ae- -c-bn Ahn-{iaw Atlm-cm{Xw HmSn-\-S v P\sØ kxyhn-izm-k-øn \ne-\n Ønb ]nxm- - m-cm-bn-cp p tam {KntKm-dn-tbm-kpw tam Znh- m-tkymkpw. _mhm Xncp-a-\- p-sim v \S-Ønb sa{xm hmgvn-iƒ

7 7 _mhmbpss ITn-\m- zm-\-øns {]XoIw: ]pø Ipcniv ]m{xn-b m sk kxy-hn-izm-k-kw-c- -I\pw ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bp-am-bn-cp Bephm Xr p- Øv ] n-bn I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn- p ]pwy-t«m-i-\mb ]utemkv tam AØ-\mtkymkv (henb Xncp-ta\n) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS I_-dn-S-Øn t]mbn {]m n- phm A-h- Imiw kxy-hn-izm-kn-iƒ v \ntj-[n- -t mƒ A -amen `{Zm-k\ sa{xm-t m-eoø A`nhµy txmakv tam Znh- m-tkymkv Xncp-ta\n Beph skan-\m-cn-bn-tebv v \bn kp{]- kn- -amb t{k v am v k`m-n-cn-{x-ønse {][m\ kw`-h-am-wv. Bbn-c- -W- n-\m-fp-iƒ ]s -SpØ B kl-\-k-a-c-øn t]meo-k-[n-im-cn-i-fpss emøn- m Pn-s\tbm Ad-Ãns\tbm `b-s -SmsX Xncp-ta\n \ Inb t\xr-xzw Bth-tim- z-e-am-bn-cp- p. Xs `{Zm-k-\-Øn s ]g-t m w sk v tacokv ] nbn Bcm-[\ \S-Øp- - Xn\v {]Xn-tbm-Kn-Iƒ XS w \n -t mgpw Xncp-ta-\n, kxy-hn-izm-kn-iƒ v Bthiw ]I p-sim v kl-\-k-a-c-øn\v t\xrxzw \ In. ]cn-ip k`-bn kxy-hn-izm-kn- Iƒ v `ojwn A\p-`-hn-t - n-h-cp kµ `-ß-fn-se mw AhnsS HmSn-sbØn Ahsc kam-iz-kn- n- p-ibpw A[n-Im-c-ÿ-e-ß-fn \n pw \oxn-e-`n- p- -Xn-\p-th n IjvS-s - Sp-Ibpw snøp Znh- m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS hn\-bm-\zn-x-amb s]cp-am- hpw emfn- Xy-am Pohn-X-ssi-enbpw kwl-s-\m-]m-shpw AXn-ep-]cn ITn-\m- zm-\hpw A -amen `{Zm-k-\sØ H -s - mbn \n Øp-hm klm-bn- n- p- v. ]. F n-kvtim- kp -l-tzmkv {]kn-u m-bn-cp tum. Koh Kokv tam {KntKmdn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS tzl-hn-tbmkw Znh- m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\nsb Zp:JØn-em-gvØn. Xma-kw-hn-\m- ]. ]m{xn-b okv _mh Xncp-ta-\n, A`n. Znh- m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\nsb ]. F n-kvtim- kp -l-tzmkv {]kn-u m-bn- \nb-an- p-ibpw AXn-\p-tijw A -amen `{Zm-k-\-Øns hninjy ae- -c-k-`-bpss kpÿn-c-amb hf -bv p-th n cm]ises\y ITn-\m- zm\w snøp Xncp-ta-\nsb ae- -c-k-`-bpss \nbp t{ijvt ImtXm-en- -bmbn {]Jym-]n- p-ibpw snbvxp. {]Xn-Iqe kml-n-cy-ß-fnepw {]Xn-_- -߃ n-s-bnepw \qdp- I-W- n\v hyh-lm-c-߃sim v izmkw ap p-tºmgpw kmº-øni {]iv-\-߃ Ae ptºmgpw ASn-]-X-dmsX I Ω Ipi-e-X-tbmsS \n -b-zm Vy-tØmsS Xocp-am-\-߃ \S- n-em- p-ibpw k`-bpss kpÿn-x-amb si p-d- n\pw bph-xz-øns {]k-cn-t mss ITn-\m- zm\w snøp-ibpw k`m-\u-isb hnp-b-e- y-øn-tebv v FØn- p-hm Zo L- Zr-jvSn-tbmsS {]b-xv\n- p-ibpw snøp Xncp-ta\n A -amen `{Zm-k-\-Øn At\Iw sszhm-e-b-ßfpw Cw ojv aounbw kviqfp-ifpw A\m-Y-a-µn-c-ßfpw `{Zm-k-\m-ÿm-\hpw ÿm]n- p- -Xn {]txyiw Xm ]cyw ImWn- n- p- v. ae- c bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpss t\xr-xz-øn Hcp hymgh - m-e-øn-tesd-bmbn ]pø Ip-cn-in kphn-tij alm-tbmkw k`-bpss kphn-ti-jo-i-c-w-øn Xncp-ta-\n- p Zo L-ho- -W-Øns aip-tsm-±m-l-c-w-am-wv. IqSmsX k` hi-bmbn ]Sp-Øp-b Ønb timtf-pv, tim sh v k t m-]cn k`-bv m-i-am\w A`n-am-\n- mhp ]m{xn-b m sk, XpS-ßn-bh Bcw-`n- p- -Xn\v kpi- -amb t\xrxzw \ In hcp Xncp-ta\n ae- -c-k-`-bpss t{ijvt ImtXm-en- -bmbn Zo L-Imew Bbp-cm-tcm- Ky-tØmsS Cu k`sb tabn v `cn- p-hm Imcp-Wy-hm-\mb sszhw kar-z-[-ambn A\p- {Kn-l- -s -sb v {]m Øn- p- p. t{ijvt _mhm: {InkvXob t\xr-xz-øns D rjvs `mhw amxyqkv tam At{]w sa{xm-t m-eoøm BapJw Hcp kaq-l-øn\v am w hcp-øp At\Iw LS- I-ß-fn (Social variables) G hpw {][m-\-s - Xv AXns t\xrxzam-wv. GsXmcp kaq-l-øn\pw Ne-\m-fl-IX \ -Ip- Xpw, ]ptcm-k-xn-bnte p \bn- p Xpw, Znim-t_m[w \ Ip- Xpw t\xrxzamwv. AXvsIm v Xs i -amb t\xr-xz-߃ Ncn-{X-Øns KXn-hn-K-Xn-Iƒ \nb-{xn- p- -Xnepw Ncn{Xw krjvsn- p- -Xnepw apjy ] p- -ln- p- p. ]-g-b-\n-b-a-øn tami-bpss t\xrxzw bn{km-tb P\X-bpsS Pohn-Ønse Ncn- {XsØ kzm[o-\n- n- p- -Xm-Wv. am n eqy InwKv, alm-flm- Km- n- XpS-ßnb hy n-iƒ Ncn-{XsØ kzm[o-\n- n- p hy n- I-fn {]ap-j-cm-wv. B[p-\nI ae c bmt m-_mb kpdnbm\n k`-bpss Ncn-{X-Øn hy n-ap{z ]Xn- n G hpw henb hy n-xz-amwv t{ijvt _tk-en-tbmkv txmakv {]Y-a ImtXmen m _mhm i hpw hy -hp-amb t{ijvt t\xrxzw ]. k`bv v Hcp ]pxnb Ncn-{X- Øns Bcw-`-hpw, Hcp ]pxnb Znim-t_m-[-hp-am-Wv. ae-bmf aæn-se- -, BtKm-f-X-c- Øn Xs bpw Cu k`-bpss hy nxzw Db Øn-Im-Wn- p- -Xn\v t{ijvt _mhm-bpss kp[oc t\xrxzw hfsc {]tbm-p-\hpw {]tnm-z-\-hp-am-wv. hn. thz-]p-kvxiw DZvtLm-jn- p {InkvXob t\xr-xz-øns ]e DZm-Ø-amb hi-ßfpw t{ijvt ]nxm-hn ktωfn- p- p. t{ijvt _mhm-bpss t\xr-kpw sshin-jvsy-߃ tbip-{in-kvxp-hns t\xrxz ssien-bp-ambn _ -s v \n p- p-sh v ]d-bp- -Xn- H pw AXn-i-tbm n C. Cu lrkz-amb tej-\-øn-eqss AØ-c-Ø-ep Nne sshin-jvsy߃ am{xw FSp-Øp-]-dbp-I-bmWv snøp- -Xv. 1. tkh-\-øn A[n-jvTn-Xw {InkvXob t\xr-xz-øns G hpw henb {]txy-ix AXv tkh-\-øn A[n-jvTn- X-am-bn-cn- p p. aøm. 20:20 28, a t m. 10:35 44, eqt m. 22: F o `mk-ß-fn tbip-{in-kvxp-hns tkh-\-øn-e-[n-jvtn-x-amb t\xr-ssi-en-iƒ ImWm-hp- -Xm-Wv. blq- Z- m-cpss ]c-º-cm-k-x-amb avinlm k ]w cmjv{sob A[n-Im-c-ap avin-lm-bn ti{µo- I-cn- -Xm-bn-cp-s - n tbip-{inkvxp kzb-ambn sxc-s -Sp-Ø-Xv... "btlm-h-bpss IjvSs -Sp Zmk...' F tkh-\-øns ]mx-bm-wv. t{ijvt _mhm-bpss Pohn-X-ssienbn tbip-{in-kvxp-hns Cu tkh-\-øns t\xr-xz-ssien Gsd \nd- n-cn- p- p. Pohn-X-Øns apgp-h ka-bhpw I Ω-a-fi-e-ß-fn Dd- p-\n p-ibpw hy n- ]-c-amb kpj-ku-i-cy-ß-sf- m-ƒ P\-ß-fpsS ip{iq-j-bv mbv PohnXw am n-sh v km[mc-w- m v th n Pohn- p DØ-a-amb t\xr-xz-øns DS-abpw, temiw Dd-ßp-tºmƒ cm{xn-bpss bma-ß-fn DW v I Ω-Ip-i-e-X-tbmsS {]h Øn- p alxv hy n- XzamWv t{ijvt _mhm-bn ImWp- -Xv. 2. P\-tI-{µo-IrXw {InkvXob t\xr-xz-ssi-en-bpss khn-ti-j-amb KpW-amWv P\-tI-{µo-Ir-X-amb t\xr- Xz-ssi-en. Hcp \ t\xmhv P\-ß-fpsS ] -bmb Pohn-X-bm-Ym y-ß-tfmsv XmZmflyw {]m]n- p-ibpw Ah p-th n Pohn- p-ibpw snøp- p. Cu `mhw tbip-{in-kvxp-hns ip{iq-j-bn hfsc {]I-S-am-Ip- p. tbip-{in-kvxp-hns d {]h Ø\w IqSp-X-embn km[mcw P\-ß-fpsS CS-bn-em-bn-cp- p. tbip-{in-kvxp-hns Cu D Ir-jvS-`mhw t{ijvt _mhm-bn i -ambn {]Xn-^-en- p- p. tic-f-k-aq-l-ønse ax-t\-xm- - m-cn _mhmsb hyxy-kvx-\m- p- Xv Cu P\-Iob ASn-Ø-d-bn-em-Wv. km[m-c-w- m-cs F m kml-n-cy-ß-fp-ambn XmZmflyw {]m]n- p-sim v Ah-cn Hcp-h-\mbn apt -dp-hm t{ijvt ]nxm-hn\v km[n- p- p. 3. {]Xn-k- n-bn ]X-dmsX {InkvXob t\xr-xz-øns Hgn- p-iq-sp-hm ] mø Hcp LS-I-amWv {]Xn-k- n-iƒ. tbip-{inkvxp km[m-cw P\-ß-fpsS ]e {]Xn-k- n-i-fnepw CS-s]-Sp-Ibpw Ahsc klm-bn- p-ibpw snøp- p. P\-ß-fpsS hni- v, tcmkw, Zp:Jw, acww XpS-ßnb F m {]Xn-Iq-e-X-I-fnepw {]iv\-ß-fnepw tbip-{in-kvxp-hns km n yw Z in- mw. C{]-Imcw bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpss {]Xn-Iq-e-X-I-fpsS a y-øn G hpw i -amb t\xrxzw \ In-bn-cn- p- Xv t{ijvt _mhbmsw- p- Xv X -a Imcy-am-Wv. kpdnbm-\n-k-`-bpss ]mc-º-cy-ßfpw hnizm-k-k-xy-ßfpw tnmzyw snø-s -Sp-Ibpw k`-bpss \ne-\n p-xs A]-I-S-Øn-em-hp-Ibpw adp-hn-`m-k-øns i -amb B{I-a-W-Øns Ah-k-c-ß-fn-se mw t{ijvt _mhmbpss i -amb t\xrxzw Cu k`sb {]Xn-k- n- I-fn \n v Ic-I-b p- -Xn\v km[n- p. 4. sszhm-{ibw {InkvXob t\xr-xz-øns G hpw Ne-\m-fl-I-amb LS-I-sa- Xv i -amb sszhmh-t_m-[hpw {]m -\bpw sszhm-{i-b-hp-am-wv. tbip-{in-kvxp-hns ]c-ky-ip-{iq-j-bn CXns {]Xn-^-e-\-߃ ImWmw. Pohn-X-Øns Xnc-t -dnb ka-b-ß-fn X\nsb {]m n- p- -Xn-\mbn ImSp-I-fn-tebv pw ae-i-fn-tebv pw ]n hm-ßp tbip-{in-kvxphns t\xr-xz-ssien {]m -\-bn A[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cp- p. tbip-{in-kvxp-hns Pohn- X-Øn ]nxm-hmb sszh-øn kºq Æ-ambn ka n- -s - n- p Hcp Pohn-XsØ \ap v Z in- p-hm km[n- p- p. {ijvt _mhmbpss Pohn-X-Ønepw G hpw i - amb LS-I-ambn \nc- -c-amb {]m -\bpw XnI sszhm-{i-bhpw \ne-sim- p- - Xmbn ImWmw GIm- -amb [ym\-øn-eq-ssbpw {]m -\-bn-eq-ssbpw {]iv\-ß-sfbpw {]Xn-k- n-i-sfbpw AXn-Po-hn- p-hm km[y-am-sw- p bmym yw t{ijvt _mhmbpss Pohn-Øn Z in- p-hm Ign-bpw. 5. Z i\w t\xr-xz-øn\v Hgn- p-iq-sp-hm ] mø H mwv \msf-sb- p-dn- p Z i-\-ßfpw sa{xm hmgvn ]. ]cp-ae Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Nc-a-i-Xm-_vZn-tbm-S-\p-_- n v \S hn. 101-t Ip m\

8 8 t{ijvt _mh Xncp-a-\- n\v Biw-k-Iƒ t{ijvt _mh Xncp-a-\- n\v Biw-k-Iƒ t{ijvt _mh Xncp-a-\- n\v Biw-k-Iƒ ImgvN- m-sp-i-fpw. \mfsø kaq-lsø cq]-s -Sp-Øp- -Xn\v Z i-\-ap kaqlw Bhiy-am-Wv. tbip-{in-kvxp-hns ]c-ky-ip-{iq-j-bn `mhn-sb- p-dn- p hy -amb Z i- \-߃ DƒsIm- n-cp- p. tbip-{in-kvxp-hns sszh-cmpy k ]w F Xv `mhn-sb- p-dn- p Z i-\-am-wv. ]pxnb BIm-ihpw ]pxnb `qanbpw kwÿm-]n- m-\p tbip- {In-kvXp-hns ImgvN- msv {InkvXob t\xr-xz-øn\v Hcp {]txy-i-x-bmwv. k`-sb- p-dn- p t{ijvt _mhmbpss Z i-\-ap t\xr-xz-amwv kxy-øn Cu k`bv v ]pxnb AÿnXzw \ In-b-Xv. am{x-hp-a AXns ^e-ambn k`bv v Hcp `c-w-l-s\ {Iao-I-cn- p-ibpw ]pxnb CuSpw `mhhpw \ Ip-Ibpw snbvxp. AtXm-sSm w Xs kphntij cwk-ß-fn-ep t{ijvt ]nxm-hns Z i-\-ßfpw ImgvN- m-sp-ifpw k`-bn C v hnhn[ kphn-tij kwl-s-\-ifpw ss nƒ -B-cm-[\ ]T-\-tI-{µ-ßfpw I sh j- \p-ifpw a pw `wkn-bmbn {]h Øn- p- -Xn\v BZm-c-am-bn- p- -Xv. D]-kw-lmcw tbip-{in-kvxp-hns t\xr-xz-ssi-enbpw ]c-º-cm-kx-amb blq-z-t\-xr-xz-øn \n v hyxy-kvxhpw hntam-n-\-]-chpw P\-Iob ASn-Ø-d-bp Hcp ]pxnb Z i-\-øn A[njvTn-X-hp-amb Hcp t\xr-kpw sshin-jvty-amwv t{ijvt _mhm-bn \mw Z in- p- -Xv. B[q-\nI kaq-l-øn t{ijvt _mhm-bpss ssien-i-fnepw {]h Ø-\-ß-fnepw {InkvXob t\xr-xz-øns DØ-a-hpw DZm-Ø-hp-amb hi-߃ ktω-fn- n-cn- p- p-sh v kwi-b-te-i-sas\y {]kvxm-hy-am-wv. ]utcm-lnxy Pq_nen BtLm-jn- p ae- -c-bpss bmt m_v _p ±m\ B_q tam _tk-en-tbmkv txmakv {]Y-a _mhmbv v k i- -\mb sszhw Bbp pw Btcm-Kyhpw \ I-s -sb v {]m n- p-sim v k -hn[ awk-f-ßfpw khn-\bw Xr m-z-ß-fn ka n- p- p. P\-]- -Øns CS-b-t{i-jvT tum. Koh Kokv tam Iqdn-temkv sa{xm-t m-eoø t{ijvt _tk-en-tbmkv txmakv {]Y-a _mhmsbt mse "BSp-Isf Xncn- -dn-bp CS-b ' h Ø-am\ Ime-L- -Øn as mcp hy n-bp- m-ip-sa v txm p- n-. Hmtcm-cp-Ø-scbpw t]sc-spøv hnfn- p-hm\pw ] m-øe kvac-w-i-tfm-sp-iqsn kvt\lm-t\z-jww \S-Øp-hm\pw Ign-bp Cu lrz-b-øn XpSn- p- Xv P\-k-l-{k-ß-sf- p-dn- p hm -eyhpw Icp- Xepw BWv. CS-b-Xz-Øns Aº-Xm- p-i-fn-eq-ssbpw {][m-\m- Nm-cy-Xz-Øns aq c ]Xn- m- n-s bpw k`m-ip-{iq-j-th-f-ifneqssbpw Cu t{ijvt lrz-b-øn-eqss {]m -\m-]q w A\pkva-cn pw ]cn-an-xn-i-f-dn-bmsx klm-bn pw kvt\ln- -h-cpssbpw kwjy-xs ]Xn-\m-bn-c-߃ th n-h-cpw. Ah-cp-sSsb mw Hcp Ffnb {]Xn-\n[n F \ne-bn Pq_nen Biw-k- Iƒ t\cp- p. IrXy-\n-jvT-bp {]m \m Pohn-Xhpw, \nc- -c-amb Xncp-h-N\ hmb-\bpw [ym\hpw aqew Xm]-k-\n-jvT-I-fpsS amxr-i-bmwv t{ijvt _mhm-bpss Pohn-Xw. Ft mgpw BflnI PohnX ssiensb t{]m m-ln- n- p-ibpw BflnI {]ÿm-\-ßsfbpw kphn-ti-jo-i-cw kwcw-`-ß-fn ] m-fn-bm-hp-ibpw snøp _mhm Xncp-ta\n Xncp-h-N\ _ n-bmb ssz\w-zn\ Pohn-X-Øns DS-a-bm-Wv. hfsc Xnc- n-\n-s-bnepw bm{xbnepw F mw k`-bp-ambn _ -s F m ]pkvx- I-ßfpw {]kn- o-i-c-w-ßfpw kq va-ambn hmbn- p-ibpw {i n- p-ibpw snøp kq va-z in-bmwv _mhm Xncp-ta-\n. AXp-sIm- p-xs GXp ]pxnb Nn m-[m-c-isfbpw kz -amb ssien-bnepw Bhn-jvI-c-W-Ønepw kzmwio-i-cn- n-cn- p- Xv {it b-ambn ImWp-hm Ign-bpw. k`-bpss \m\m-ap-j-amb hf bv pw hni-k-\-øn-\pw-th n ]q Æ-ambn ka n- X-amWv _mhm-bpss Pohn-Xw. Hmtcm Imcy-ß-sf- p-dn pw hy -amb ] -Xnbpw e yhpw _mhm-bv p- v. k`m sk{i- -dn-tb v XpSßn kmaq-lni ] -Xn-Iƒ hsc-bp Imcyß-fn k`-bpss \ntbmkw kw_- n v hy -amb Ah-t_m[w _mh h p-]p-e Øp- Ibpw Ah-bpsS Bhn-jv m-c-øn-\mbn IrXy-ambn hy n-isf Is Øn {]tbm-p-\- s -Sp-Øp-Ibpw snøp _mhm-bpss t\xrxzw k`-bv p- m- nb t\ -߃ {]iwkm l-am-wv. k`-bnse \n `m-ky-i-c-amb tikpw I n-a- -c-ßfpw IqSn Ah-km-\n- n-cp- psh- n ae- -c-k-`bv v ]Xn- -Sßv t{ib pw km yhpw \ In t\xrxzw \ Iphm _mhmbv v km[n- p-am-bn-cp- p. AtcmKZrV-Km-{X-\mbn `mhn-po-hnxw k`-bpss `mkpc hf -bv mbn ka n- p-hm t{ijvt _mhmbv v CS-bm- p-hm {]m n- p- p. AXmWv C sø k`-bpss G hpw henb `mkyw. t{ijvt _mh sszh-ir-]-bpss \nd-ipsw {Intkm-Ã-tamkv a t mkv sa{xm-t m-eoø ]pø Ip-cniv. hs-b-ºm-sn-bn sndp-hn- n IpSpw-_-Øn {io. aøm-bn-bp-ssbpw Ip m-ω-bp-ssbpw Bdm-asØ ai "Ip- q v' F Hma-\-t -cn hnfn- ncp txmakv ]. ae- c bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpss Aa-c- m-c, bym P\-Io-b, kmaq-lni kmap-zm-bni cmjv{sob hn`m-kob AXn h-c-ºp-iƒ t`zn v F m-h-cp-ssbpw lrz-bßsf Iog-S- n-b-xns clkyw t{ijvt _mhm-bn \nd p Xpfpºn \n p sszh-ir-]-bm-wv. Hcn- -se- nepw t{ijvt _mhmsb kao-]n- n- p- -h B sszhni km n yw A\p-`-hn- n-cn- -Ww. kvt\lhpw hm -eyhpw Icp-Xepw F mw \nan-j߃ Iw _mh-bn \n pw \n K-an- pw. a\p-jy-h KsØ apgph-\mbpw kvt\ln- p-tºmƒ Xs tbip{inkvxphn-ep Xs B{i-bhpw ]cn-ip k`-tbmspw ]cn-ip At ymjym knwlmk-\-tøm-sp {]Xn-_- -Xbpw IÆnse IrjvW-a-Wn-t]mse ImØv kq n- p _mhsb A\n-X-c-km-[m-c-W- m-c-\m- p p t{ijvt _mh A`n-am-\-]q w efnxpohnxw \bn- p-tºmƒ Xs cmpmhpw {]hm- N-I\pw ]ptcm-ln-x\pw Bbn P\-lr-Z-b-ß-fn hmgp- p. _mh ]. k`-bv p- am-{x-a kaq-l-øn\v apgp-h-\mbn sszhw I\n- p-\ Inb sszhn-i-ir-]-bm-wv. tami-sb-t msemcp {]hm-n-i, Gen-bm-hn-s\-t mse hnizm-k-xo-jvw-x-bp sshcm-kn, ]. ]ueqkv «olm-sb-t mse ITn-\m- zm-\n, Xs c n-xmhpw I Øm-hp-amb tbip-{in-kvxp-hn-s\- t mse Xmgvabpw hn\-bhpw D Zmk\pw ka-kvx-i- n-i-sfbpw Iog-S- n-b-h-\p-am- Wv. t{ijvt _mhm-bpss XW-en ].-k` Xg- p-h-f-cpi Xs snøpw. ]mxm-f-tkm-]p-c߃ v XI m Ign-bmØ sszhn-i-i- nbpw Ir]bpw _mh-bn IqSn k` {]m]n- p- p. ]uckvxy kphn-tij kam-p-søbpw {]h Ø-I-scbpw C{X-I v kvt\ln- p- Ibpw Icp-Xp-Ibpw t{]m m-ln- n- p-ibpw snøp _mhm-bpss ]utcm-lnxy kph Æ- Pq-_nen \nd-hn ]uckvxy kphn-tij kam-p-øns lrzy-amb A\p-tam-Z-\-ßfpw awk-fm-iw-k-ifpw B Znhy-Xr- m-z-ß-fn hn\-b-]q w {]m -\-tbmss ka n- -s. ae- -c-bpss aßmø amwniyw tum. Ipcy timsd- n-kvtim IWn-bmw-]-d-ºn who is a great man? One who works neither for riches, nor for gain, nor for fame; and remembers God 24 hours a day (Gandhiji) Great men are those who worked while others slept ixm-_vvz-ß-fpss Ncn-{X-ap ae- c k`bv v hf bpw Db bpw {]Zm\w snbvx ]pwy-hm- m-cmb ]nxm- - m-cpss 21- mw \q m- n {]Xn-Zn\w h n- p- {]`-tbmss, ]cn-ip- n-bpss ]cn-a-f-tømss Bflm -X-bm-Ip B`-c-W-߃ AWn v ae- c ]me-\-øn\v H pan msx shdpw ItømsS h v, Ae-t m-es p InS- n-cp AP-hr-µ-Øn\v simsp- p-hm Bfln-I-Xzhpw Bflm -Xbpw am{xw ssiap-x-embn h v, Xs ]q n-is IÆp-\o-cm-bncp ssiap-x-em-sw- p t_m[-tømsp IqSn. cmhnse Xncp-h-\- -]p-c-sø- n sshin v Xriq-cm-bn, ap Kman-I-fmb ]. henb Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS IÆp-\o-cpw, ae- -c-bpss K n- p knwl-øns hmkv-ssh`h-hpw, k`-bpss hf tbbpw XmXv]-cy-sØbpw {]Xn ]q -]n-xm- -sf-t mse ssi c pw ssihn-eßp ssitø ae- -c-bnse {]Ya alm-]p-tcm-lnx t{ijvt\pw am_p-knse tam ]oe-ivknt\m-kns {]m -\-Ifpw Cussi\p-l-tdm-bpsS BZn-tbm-S- hpw a\x-]m-t-am n {]Xn- Zn\w Ggp-t\cw D]-tbm-Kn- p ]WvUn-X-t{i-jvT\pw temi ss{ikvxh k`-i-fnse G hpw henb hn]pe `{Zm-k-\-Øns am{x-a 1500-Hmfw ] n-i-fp-ssbpw A{Xbpw Xs sshzni-cp-ssbpw 20- ]cw Xncp-ta-\n-am-cp-sSbpw taem-hm-bn- -, Ah-cp-sS-sb mw lrz-b-øn hkn- p h\pw, ]expw Iøm D m-bn pw \h-ambn H pw si n- -Sp- m-xn-cp- -h A p-x-kvx-_v[-cm-i-ø- -hæw Aw_-c-Npw-_n-I-fmb k`m-ÿm-]-\-߃ ]Sp-Øp-b Ønb A px ]pcp-j\pw Agn-bm-sX-hÆw Dd- p k -k-ωx `c-w-l-s- \-bm k -tcbpw GtIm-]n- v, F m k`-i-tfmspw kulrzw ]men v hnhn[ k`-m `c- Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS kulrzw kºm-zn v tamt\ F hnfn-bm k a\- p-i-fnepw {]th-in v, _ncp-z-ß-sf- mƒ al-ømb hn m-\-z-wvum-km-c-ambn km[p-p\ IÆo-scm- p IqZmi \ Ip \njvi-f ssii-fp-ambn ]cn-e-kn- p Cu km[m-c-ws inc- n\v Ft mgpw Xrss Ah-kn- n- p-, temi-sø-hn-ss-sb mw hn. k`m-a- fpt m Ahn-sS-sb mw BtLmj ka-\znx ` n \n `c kzoi-cww G p hmßn Ahsc A\p-{K-ln v ae- -c-bpss {]ikvx ImtXm-en- m-bpw, k`m-a- ƒ tami pw tbmiphmbv pw hn. bmt m_v _p ±m-\bv pw kam-\-am-bn- m-wp AXy- px t\xm-hpw, snt m-te n `c-w-snøpw Imew t]mbn Acp-a-tbm-sSm-cpa ]men- mse hnp-bn- osq Ac-a-\-X- n Ac-N\pw Xpeyw hmgm-\ ]ng-hgn Ipgn-bn hogp-t m mbv tigm-\-s{x. F ap{zm-hmiyw apdpsi ]nsn- n-cn- p ]nxm-hpw, Cu Xe-ap-dbpw ]n X-e-ap-d- Ifpw henb am _t -en-tbmkv F p kwt_m-[\ snøp-sa v F\n v sszh-øn \n -b-ap A`n-hµy ]nxm-hns AK-Wy-\mb F n KWy-amb ]cn-k-w\ Icp-Wm- ]q w snmcn-bp Xr mzw apøn-s m- v, Xncp-P- -kp-zn-\-øn kpc-`n-e-kp-a-\n Ωn-Xlmcw H -hm-n-i-kz Æ Nc-Sn tim Øv ka n v k m-\p-{k-lhpw Cc- p- p. tami-sb-t mse _mdotøm Imiotdm tpm v amxyp sxt -Ø-e-bv k`m {SÃn tami-sb-t mse t{ijvt _mhm Xncp-a-\- p-sim v Cu ]cn.- k`sb hgn \S-Øp- p. F mw \jvs-ambn F Ah-ÿ-bn \n pw kpc- n-x-amb taj-e-bn ]cn.k` FØ-s - Xv t{ijvt ]nxm-hns ap n- mb {]m -\bpw Zo L-ho- -Whpw H psim v am{x-amwv F v kwi-an- msx ]d-bp-hm km[n- pw. Cu Ign Gsd h j-ß-fn-se ]cn.-k-`-bpss Ncn{Xw t{ijvt ]n-xm-hns Pohn-X-hp-ambn _ -s - n-cn- p- p. C v kaqlw AwKo-I-cn- p Ah-K-Wn- p-hm km[n- mø i n-bmbn ]cn.-k` amdn-bn-sb n AXv t{ijvt ]nxmhns {]m -\bpw t\xr-xzhpw H p-sim- p-am-{x-am-wv. ]cn.-a-t ymjym knwlm-k-\-øn Iogn si p-d- p Hcp `c-w-kw-hn-[m-\hpw P\m-[n-]Xy ASn-Ø-d-bn-ep `c-w-l- S-\bpw Cu Ime-b-f-hnse G hpw henb t\ -ambn \ap v ImWp-hm km[n- pw. ]pø Ip-cn-inse k`m ti{µw ]cn.-k-`bpss hf -bnse \mgn-i- - m-wv. kphn-tij h -c-w-øn Cu Ime-b-f-hn ]cn.-k` Gsd apt m- p-t]mbn. hnzym-`ymk taj-e-i-fnepw k` A`n-µ\m l-amb t\ -amwv ssih-cn- n- p- -Xv. ]cn.- k`bvs -Xn-cmbn adp-hn-`mkw \S-Øp- -Xmb tikp-i-sf ^e-{]-z-ambn t\cn-sp-hm km[n- -Xpw ]cn.-k-`-bpss \ne-\n v \nb-a-]-c-ambn Xs AwKo-I-cn- -s - Xpw Cu Ime-bf-hnse henb t\ -ß-fn-sem- m-wv. t{ijvt ]nxm-hn-t\m-ssm w ]cn.-k-`-bv mbn {]h Øn- p-hm Ah-kcw e`n- Xv sszhm-\p-{k-l-ambn Rm Icp-Xp- p. At\-Im-bn-c-߃ BÀm-Z-Øn-an t mss t{ijvt _mhm-bpss ]utcm-lnxy kph Æ Pq_n-en-bn kw_- n- p-tºmƒ, Biw-k-Iƒ A n- p-tºmƒ C\n-bpw Gsd \mƒ t{ijvt ]nxm-hns t\xrxzw ]cn.-k-`bv v e`n- p-hm At\-Im-bn-c-ßtfm-sSm w Rm\pw {]m n- p- p. t{ijvt ]nxm-hn\v Biw-k-Iƒ At ymjym hnizm-k-kw-c- -W-k-anXn tim«bw `{Zm-k\w t{ijvt _mh Xncp-a-\- n\v Biw-k-Iƒ t{ijvt _mh Xncp-a-\- n\v Biw-k-Iƒ t{ijvt _mh Xncp-a-\- n\v Biw-k-Iƒ

9 9 t{ijvt _mh Xncp-a-\- n\v Biw-k-Iƒ t{ijvt _mh Xncp-a-\- n\v Biw-k-Iƒ t{ijvt _mh Xncp-a-\- n\v Biw-k-Iƒ ]nxr-xp-ey-\mb t{ijvt ]nxmhv _mdotøm alotdm Xºp tpm Pv XpI-e (k`m sk{i- dn) Fs Pohn-X-Øn t{ijvt _mhm Xncp-ta-\n-bp-tS-Xpt]mse kzm[o\w snepønb as mcp hy nxzw D m-bn- n-. Ign Iptd h j-߃ t{ijvt ]nxmhns \ng-en ]cn.-k-`-bn ip{iqj snøp-hm F\n v `mkyw e`n- p. _mhm-xn-cp-ta\n ]I p \ Inb hm -eyhpw Icp-Xepw Hcn- epw ad- p-hm km[n- p-i-bn-. ]cn.-k-`-bn kxy-hn-izmkw \ne-\n Øp-hm, ]cn.-at ymjym knwlm-k-\-hp-am-bp ae- -c-k-`-bpss At`-Zy-amb _ w Du n-d-d- n- p-hm t{ijvt ]nxm-hnt\mfw IjvS-X-Iƒ kln-t - -Xmbn h n- p a mcpw Ds v F\n p txm p n-. k` hn p-t]mb thz-hn-]-co-xn-i-fn \n pw ]cn.-k-`sb c n- p-hm hnizm-kn-i-tfm-ssm w \n v t]mcm-sp t{ijvt ]nxmhv Hcp hnkva-b-am-wv. C{X-tbsd P\-Io-b-\mb Hcp ss{ikvxh k`m tae- y- thsd C F v kwib-an- msx ]d-bp-hm km[n- pw se _lp.-kp{]ow timsxn hn[n- p-tijw \ne-\n- n-cp- -Xmb A\n- n-xxz- Øn BSn-D-e- n-cp ]cn.-k-`sb Hcp \ntbmkw t]mse t{ijvt-]n-xmhv \bn p. Ign GXm\pw h j-ß-fmbn ]cn.-k-`-bv p- m-b-xmb hf Akq-bm-h-l-amWv. ]pø Ip-cn-in ]Wn ]q Øn-bm-bn-h-cp k`m-ti{µ si ns kap- -bw-xs AXn\v \s m-cp-zm-l-c-w-am-wv. P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn\v Du \ In cq]w simspø-xmb k`m `c-w-l-s\ FSp-Øp-]- d-tb- n-bn-cn- p- p. ]cn.-k` F m taj-e-i-fnepw apt -dn-s m- n-cn- p- p. C v kaq-l-øn bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k`bv v e`n- p AwKo-Imcw t{ijvt ]nxm-hns XymtKm- z-e-amb t\xrxzw H p-sim- p-am-{x-am-wv. t{ijvt ]nxm-hns\ Hcn- ImWp- -h B hy n {]`m-hsø \a-kv -cn- pi Xs snøpw. kaq-l-øn IjvSX A\p-`-hn- p- -h-cn-te v Cdßn {]h Øn- p-hm t{ijvt ]nxmhv Ft mgpw {i n- p p. Xß-tfm-sSm w t{ijvt _mhm Xncp-ta\n D m-ip-sa v hnizm-kn-i-fnse hnizmkw t{ijvt ]nxm-hns\ a p- -h-cn \n v hyxy-kvx-\m- p- p. k-`m-a- ƒ v _mhm-xn-cp-ta\n ]I p \ Ip ]nxr-xp-ey-amb hm eyw ad- p-hm Ign-bp-I-bn B pw. {]mbsø ad v ]cn.-k-`-bv m-bn- p t{ijvt ]nxmhns {]h Ø-\-߃ sszh-\-s-øn- mbn am{xta ImWp-hm Ign-bp-I-bp p. IÆp-\o-tcm-Sp-Iq-Snb {]m -\-bpw, hnizm-kn-i-fn \n p kvt\lhpw {]Xn-k- n- Isf t\cn-sp-hm F pw _mhmbv v Icp-Øm-Ip- p. t{ijvt ]nxmhv ]utcm-ln-xy-øns 50- mw h j-øn-te v {]th-in- p-tºmƒ B sszh-hnfn F{X [\y-am-bn-cn- p- p. ]pø Ip-cn-inse X -Xmc Im p-nnd ]utemkv timsd- n-kvtim A -amen `{Zm-k-\-sk-{I- dn) 1958 ate- p-cn-in ÿm]n-x-amb sshzni skan-\m-cnbn h v Bcm-[y-\mb knw.fw txmakv A "Cbmƒ v {]kw-k-ssi-en-bp v CXv Ccn- s ' F p-]-d v "Poh-Pew' F ]pkvxiw F\n v \ In. A v e`n {]tnm-z-\-amwv kphn-ti-j-cw-køv k`-bn-eqss kxy-hn-izmkw {]kw-kn- p- - Xn\v ]ma-c-\mb F\n v sszhw i n \ In-b-Xv `mkykva-c-wm l-\mb Ipdn-bm-t mkv tam Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta-\n- pth n ta{]m-ense AXn-hn-im-e-amb {Ku n XSn- p-iq-snb Bbn-c- -W- n\v P\-ß-tfmSv k`m-n-cn-{xhpw kxy-hn-izm-khpw am Znh- m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS \n t±-i-{]-imcw sshin v IrXyw 7 awn v Rm {]kwkw Bcw-`n- p. Ah-km-\n- n- Xv \v. 5 awn- q 40 an\n- v. Fs sdt m Um-bn-cp p AXv. Fs Rm\m- nb B alm-]pcpjs apºn C pw F pw Rm Ipºn-Sp- p. FÆnbm HSp-ßmØ At\Iw A\p-`-h-߃ Fgp-Xm-\p- v. ]d- m XocmØ Hcp-]mSv ]dbm-\p- v. ae- c bmt m_mb kpdnbm-\n-k-`-bpss `mky-\- -{Xw, ]cn-ip- m-flm-hns In cw, Pohn- p hnip-, ae- -c-bpss bmt m_v _p t±mt\m Fs ms temiw hmgvøp ]pwy-]n-xm-hns P\\w 1929 Pqsse amkw 22 \v ]pø Ip-cn-inse sndp-h- n aøm-bn- -Ip- Ω Zº-Xn-I-fpsS ai-\m-bn- mwv sszhw \n -bn- -Xv. kxy-hn-izmk-sh-fn- -hp-ambn hnip- n-bpss ]mx-bn ]cn-ip- - m-cmb ]cp-ae Xncp-ta-\n, Bep-hmbnse henb Xncp-ta\n F n-h k -cn- n-cp AtX-]m-X-bn Xs Cu hnip- \pw \S- p p F HmSp- p s^{_p-hcn 24 \v am Znh- m-tkymkv F ÿm\-t]-cp-\ In ]. knwlm-k-\- Øns A sø ]. ]m{xn-b okv tamdm tam bmt m_v XrXo-b hmgn- -t mƒ ]. henb Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS kz Æ-ame Igp-Øn AWn-bn- Xv Hcp ap Iq-dn-bmbn \ap v Icp-Xmw. bmt m-_mb k`sb, F m Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-ß-fpw, thj-hn-[m-\-ß-fpw, A[n- Im-c-ßfpw kzmb-ø-am- nb Hm Ø-tUmIvkv hn`mkw ho pap n- -t mƒ ae- c k`-bnep-s-\ofw {]txy-in v hb-\m- nse ] n-i-fn \qd-\m-e- s {]Xm-]hpw t]meokv kzm[o- \hpw I v t]sn- msx ] n-wn-bmbpw ZpcnXw kln pw [oc-ambn t]mcm-snbxv Hm Øpt]m-Ip- p. I ]- -bnepw IqØp-]-d-ºn-ep-ambn 5 tikp-i-fn Rßsf IpSp- n-sb- nepw sszhw c n- p. ]gwtxm -Ønse kl-\-k-a-c-hpw Bep-hm-bnse t{k v am pw, Xncpta\n v t]meokns emøn-sim- p IpØv Ingn-h-b- n G Xpw XpS p \ncmlm-c-k-a-c-hpsa mw Cu k`bv pth n kln ] - m-sp-i-fn NneXv am{x-am-wv. B Znhy tpymxn- ns kzx-kn- hpw hmnm-ehpw hiy-hp-amb ]p n-cnbpw GIm- {KX ap n-\n p \b-\-ßfpw hm nepw \S- nepw FSp- nepw ImWp emfn-xyhpw Iq Ω-_p- nbpw "tams\' F p hnfnbpw Bscbpw hio-i-cn- p-hm axn-bm-bh Xs. sszh-]p-{xs i nbpw ssnx-\yhpw \ h-c-ßfpw ]cn-ip- \pw t{ijvt-\pamb Bflob ]nxm-hn A\ K-f-ambn \nd- n-cn- p- p. t{ijvt ]nxm-hns IÆp-\otcmSpw \pdp-ßnb lrz-b-tømspw IqSnb hn. _en A Ww Xo -bmbpw sszhxncpk-a w kzoim-cy-tbm-kyw Xs. ]utcm-lnxyw ]ca ]hn-{xhpw amlmflyta-dn-b-xp-amsw v _mh Xncp-ta\n Xs kzpohn-x-øn IqSn ]Tn- - p- p. 34 h j-øn-\n-s-bn akv\-]vkmbpw Npa tfml-bp-an- msx B sszh-]p-cp-js\ Bcpw I p-im-wp-i-bn-. IrXy-ambn \nkvimcw \S-Øp Hcp apk ams\ I m Ahs s\ n-ø-s-ønepw Im ap- p-i-fnepw ImWp XSn Xg-ºp-Iƒ Ah GXp-Xcw ap o-am-sw v CX-c v a\- n-em-ipw. Hcp \ sxßp-i-b- - m-c-\m-sw- n Ahs Im ]m-z-ß-fn Xvembv v CSp- -Xn-s bpw ssish- -I-fn Ib ]nsn- p- -Xn-s bpw I n-x-b v ImWpw. Xg-]mbn c p-im-ep-ifpw ]pd-tim v as n Ccp v c v ssiifpw ico-c-øns Ccp-h-ihpw IpØn Zo L-t\cw Ccp v [ym\n- p-ibpw XpS v 40 Ipºn-Sp-Ibpw snøp t{ijvt ]nxm-hns c v ssii-fp-i-fp-ssbpw hnc-ep-i-fpss ap p-i-fn ImWp I n-x-g-ºp-iƒ X\n- p-th- nbpw k`-bv p-th- nbpw Xm sszh-xn-cp-ap-ºmsi A\-h-cXw \S-Øp kl-\-k-a-c-øn AwKp-en-ap-{Z-I-fm-Ip- p. ka-bøv ` Ww Ign- p ]Xnhv _mh- Xn-cp-ta-\n- n-. hn{i-a-an- msx k`-bv p-th n HmSp At±lw s]cp- mƒ Ip m- \bvt m a v ]cn-]m-sn-iƒt m ] n-bn t]mbm _ -s - -h-tcmsv ]dbpw "tams\ AXm Imdn-tebv v ht sc Rm t]mip hgn-bn Ign-t mfmw'. k`-bpss kxy-hn-izm-khpw ]mc-º-cy-ßfpw ]c-kv]cw ]qcn-x-ß-fm-wv. Ch ImØpkq- n- p- -Xn\v t{ijvt ]nxmhv ImWn- p hy{k-xbpw sshcm-kyhpw Xo vw-xbpw Xs ap Km-an-I-fmb ]. AØ-\m-tkymkv henb Xncp-ta\n, ]. ]cp-ae Xncp-ta\n F nh-cp-ts-xp-t]mse Xs C mcyøn t{ijvt ]nxmhv bp -ho-c\pw ]S-Ø-e-h\pw \n `b-\p-am-wv. CXp-sIm- mwv bmt m-_mb k` i{xp-`bw GimsX ]utcm-ln-xy-øn-s - bpw kxy-hn-izm-k-øn-s bpw Dd-h-bmb ]. At ymjym knwlm-k-\-øn Iogn ASn- ]-X-dmsX Dd- p-\n p- -Xv. IrXym- c _lp-x-iƒ n-s-bnepw bma-{]m -\-Iƒ v aps w hcmsx ]e-t mgpw Imdn-en-cp- mwv _mh Xncp-ta\n AXv sszh-k- n-[n-bn \nd-th- p- -Xv. ktxyi sszh-øns GI-]p-{X Cu `qan-bn Xs - a-w-hm- n-bmb GI-k-`sb am{xsa ÿm]n- p- q.gi k`bv v GI knwlm-k\w AXv I Ør-I ]-\-{]-Imcw hn. ]t{xmkv a v Iq m-fn-i-fpss kl-i-c-w-tømss At ym-jym-bn ÿm]n- -Xm-Wv. hn. txmam-«ol C Uy-bnse ss{ikvxh k`m kaq-l-øns Hcp hn`m-k-øn\v am{xambn Hcp knwlmk\w Xs t]cn ÿm]n- n-. «ol- m 12 knwlm-k-\-øn-en-cn- p- Xv C{km-tb tkm{x-ønse 12 s\bpw \ymbw hn[n- m-\m-wv. ae- c bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k` sszhm-\p-{k-l-øns iox-f-om-b-bn Ct mƒ ]utcm-lnxy kph Æ-Pq-_nen Hcp-h jw \o p-\n p ]cn-]m-sn-i-tfm-sp-iqsn BtLmjn- p-h-cp A\-iz-c\pw A\p-{K-lo-X-\p-amb B_q tam _tk-en-tbmkv txmakv {]Y-as al-\ob t\xr-xz-øn AXn-thKw hf-cp-i-bm-wv. k tu-kviqƒ Atkmkn-tb-j, i n-a-ømbn {]h Øn- p-h-cp bqøv Atkm-kn-tb-j, h\n-xm-k-am- Pw, hnzym-`ymk ÿm]-\-߃, [ym\-ti{µw, k t m-]cn k`bv v Hcp Bÿm-\-tI{µw CsX mw t{ijvt ]nxm-hn IqsS sszhw \ In-bn-cn- p- p. Xm ]nd phow aæn, Xm GIm-In-bm-bn-cp p [ym\n- p-sim- n-cp ÿeøv ae- c bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\nk`-bpss ti{µ Bÿm\w, AJne ae- c kphn-tij tbmkw CsX mw ÿm]n v hf Øp- -Xn\v sszhm-\p-{klw sim - msx as m- p-sim- p-a-. am\-h-cm-inbpss kmap m-c-w-øn-\p-th n a\p-jym-h-xmcw snbvx sszh-]p-{x Zmhn\- -bv p-th n {]h Øn- Xv ad v Xs Ipcn-in-te- n. ac-wsø Pbn v Dbn søgp-t v Pohn- p {InkvXp-hmWv _mhm-xn-cp-ta-\n v Xs ZuXy-Øn\v i n \ Ip- - Xv. tihew ss{]adn hnzy-`ymkw am{x-ap- m-bn-cp hy nsb sszhw hf Øn hf Ønsb- p-am-{x-a hfsc hfsc hf Øn Db Øn. tpm t]mƒ c m-a am ]m-, az sx-tck F o al hy n-i-sf-t mse alm-\mwv _mhm-xn-cp-ta-\nbpw. ]. k`bv v th n Bdmw \q m- n Pohn- n-cp bmt m_v _p tzms\sbt mse 21 mw \q m- n Pohn- p txmakv _p tzms\-bmwv t{ijvt ]nxm-hv. C{X-tbsd hntz-i-bm{xiƒ \S- Øn-bn- p, C{X-tbsd ] n-iƒ ÿm]n- n- p C{X-tbsd sshzn-isc hmgn- n- p Bflob ]nxmhv thsd-bpt m Bthm? \tam-hmiyw. kxy-hn-izm-k-]-cn-]m-e-\-øn-s\-øn-sc-bp sh p-hn-fn- Isf AXn-i- -ambn AXn-Po-hn v AXn h-c-ºp-isf ewln- msx Im -Øm-Sn-bp-e- n-cp k`m \uib hnizm-k-xp-d-ap- J-sØ-Øn- p-hm AXn-hn-Z-KvZ-ambn sszhm-{i-b-tømss Xs ] m-b-ap-]-tbm-kn v Aa-c- m-c-\mb t{ijvt ]nxm-hns t{ijvtx h Æ-\m-Xo-X-am-Wv. XymK-Øn-s bpw kl-\-øns bpw I pw ap pw \nd ]mx-iƒ \n `bw ]n n-sp-hm Cu alm {][m-\m-nm-cy\v Iq m-bn-cp- Xv Xs \nc- -c-amb D]- hm-khpw {]m -\bpw am{x-am-wv. bma-{]m -\-I-fn XnI IrXy-\njvT ]men- p t{ijvt ]nxm-hns ssiap- phnizmkw ImØv... ]S-hp-Iƒ Ibdn ]o thew-]-d-ºn timsd- n-kvtim I-fnepw Im ap- p-i-fnepw ImWp {]m -\-bpss Xg-ºp-Iƒ ImWp-tºmƒ At±-l- Øns t{ijvt-x-bv p-ap-ºn hn\-bm-\zn-x-cm-ip-hmt\ \ap v Ign-bp-I-bp- q. AIm-c-W-ambn ] n-iƒ ]q n- p-i-bpw- kxyhnizm-kn-isf ]oun- n- p-ibpw snbvxp-sim- n-cp thz-]n-]-co-xn-i-fpss t\sc B -Sn- p simsp- m- mbn ae- -c-k- `-bn Atßm-f-an-tßmfw \S-Øp ssp{x-bm{x 1974 apx Cu 80- mw hb- nepw A`w- Kpcw XpS-cp- p. ae- -c-bnse Xs Bflob a sf {]txy-im A -amen `{Zm-k-\sØ kxy-hn-izm-k-[zwki-cn \n pw ]cn-c- n- p-hm t{ijvt ]nxmhv kln bmx-\-ifpw XymK-ßfpw GsXmcp k`m-kvt\-ln-bpssbpw at\m-ap-i-c-øn \ndw aßmsx F pw \n p Nn{X-am-bn-cn- pw. emfnxyw, hn\-bw, \njvi-f- -X, AXn-Yn-k m-cw F nh t{ijvt _mhm-bpss kz`mh sshin-jvsy-ß-fmwv. Xf -tbm, owtam Fs - -dn-bmø _mh Hcp kabøv Xriq, sim w, \ncww, Xpº-a, I -\m-sv `{Zm-k-\-ß-fpsS A[n-I-Np-a-Xe IqSn \n -ln- n- p- v. thz-]p-kvx-kw-_- -amb F m ÿe-ßfpw {]txy-in v hn. ]utemkv At m-kvtxm-e k -cn F m ÿe-ßfpw H -\-h[n {]mh-iy-ß-fn k -cn- n- p t{ijvt _mh hn.-]u-tem-kn-s\-t mse kphn-ti-j-{]-tlm-jw X ]-c\pw tami-sbt mse ani t\xr-xz-]m-s-hp-ap Bflob t\xmhpw ani kwlm-s-i-\p-am-wv. Xs ]utcm-lnxy ip{iq-j-bpss 50 h jhpw {][m-\m-nmcy ip{iq-j-bpss 33 h jhpw t{ijvt- alm]utcm-ln-xy-øns 5 h j-jhpw ]q Øn-bm- p-hm sszhw `mkyw simspø ae- -c-bpss bmt m_v _p ±m-\bv v Aß-bpsS ]utcmlnxy kph Æ Pq_nen BtLm-j-th-f-bn bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k`m-a- -fpss A\ptam-Z-\-ß-fpsS Biw-k-Ifpw {]m -\-Ifpw ` m-z-c-]q w Xr m-z-ß-fn ka n- p- p. t{ijvt _mh Xncp-a-\- n\v Biw-k-Iƒ t{ijvt _mh Xncp-a-\- n\v Biw-k-Iƒ t{ijvt _mh Xncp-a-\- n\v Biw-k-Iƒ

10 10 t{ijvt _mh Xncp-a-\- n\v Biw-k-Iƒ t{ijvt _mh Xncp-a-\- n\v Biw-k-Iƒ t{ijvt _mh Xncp-a-\- n\v Biw-k-Iƒ Gen-bmkv tam bqentbmkv _mhm t{ijvt _mhm sshzn-i-\m-b-t mƒ \ Inb ] - o v t{ijvt _mh-bpss ]utcm-lnxy I\I Pq_nen h jw ^m. h Kokv I m- md IpSpw-_-hn-ip- nbpw _mey-ime ]cn-]m-e\ aln-abpw hnip- -cpss a y-ÿ-x-bn-eq-ss-bp PohnX hf bpw I Ω hnip- nbpw Ffn-a-bn-eqsS Db ]S-hp-I-fpsS sszh-\-s-øn pw HØp-tN -t mƒ Ffn-b-h hen-b-h-\mbn bmt m-_mb k`bpss am{x-a kaq-l-ønse Xs D -X-ÿm-\-sØØn k cmepw BZ-c-Wo-b-\mbn ]cn-e-kn- p t{ijvt-\mwv ]utcm-lnxy kph Æ- Pq-_ntedn-b-\mb _tk-en-tbmkv txmakv ImtXmen m _mh ka-hm-bhpw emfn-xyhpw Db Nn bpw P\-]- m-fn-ø-ap-{zbpw Dd ` nbpw {]m -\m-po-hn-xhpw ` n-{]- [m\ Pohn-Xhpw ZrV-a-\ pw ip`m-]vxn-hn-izmk XojvW-Xbpw At±-lsØ alm-\m- n. t{ijvt _mhmsb P\e -߃ AP-]m-e-I-\mbn ImWp- p. imco-cni _e-tø- mfpw Bfl-hn-ip- nbpw at\m-ss[-cyhpw k t m-]cn sszhni Ah-t_m-[-Øn Du n-bp I Ω-i- nbpw _mhm Xncp-ta-\nsb i n-zp K-am- n. A\-izc {]Xn-`-bp-ambn hf p. i{xp-kw-lm-c-a PohnX e yw. i{xp an{x-ßsf DƒsIm pw; sszhni-i- n-bn icn-tb-sx v sxfn-bn- pw, \ -bpss tkm]m-\-øn-eqss AP-K-W-ßsf \bn- p- -h tkh\ `c-w-h-gn-isf Xncn- -dn v hnp-bn- p-sa v t{ijvt _mhm-bpss 50 sim mesø sshzni PohnXw sim v kaqlw a\- n-em- n. \s mcp kwlm-s-i-s\ v Imew sxfn-bn- p. sszh-ir] snmcn v DØa`c-W-I Øm-hm n am n. X -߃ GXp kc-wn-bn-em-bmhpw ka-hm-b-øn-eqss ]cn-l-cn- -W-sa pw hyhlm-c-߃ hgn k`-ifpw kaq-lhpw H pw t\sp-i-bn-s pw {]m -\m-k-a-c-amwv G hpw henb bp - -f-am-ti- -sx pw _mh k`-bpss t{iwn-bn-en-cp- p-sim v Nq n- Im-Wn- p-x- p-i-gn- p. {]Xn-tbm-Kn-Isf kvt\ln v Ahsc \new-]-cn-im- p Pohn-X-ssien t{ijvt _mhmbpss am{xw I Ω-ta-J-e-bmbn `c-wm-[n-im-cn-ifpw tims-xn-ifpw kω-xn- p-tºmƒ kaqlhpw FIvkn-Iyq- ohpw Aº-c v khn-[-øn D]-tZ-i-Øn-s\Øn ImØp-\n p A\p-`-h-߃ Cu {]m[m-\y-øns aln-a-bpss Xqh-ep-I-fn X - m Øp-Iƒ Xp nt p- p. Ffn-a-bn Xp nb A[n-Imc D X ÿm\-am-\-ßfpw aln-a-ifpw tae-[n- Im-cn-I-fn \n pw HmSn-sb-Øp- p. a p- -h v AwKo-Im-c-߃ hmcn-t mcn simspøv Ah-c-h A ln- p ÿm\-ßsf _lp-am-\n- m-z-cn- m {ian- p _mhm-xn-cp-ta-\nbpss henb D -Xs hmxm-b\ ka w i{xp- ƒt]mepw \an p kvt\ln- m t{]cn- X-cm- p- p. kvt\l-\n-[n-bmb k`m-x-e-h-s\ pw P\w FÆp- p. ip -amb a\- pt]mse Xs hkv{x-[m-c-whpw hm p-ifpw {]h Ønbpw AXpt]mse ip -am-i-w-sa \n _ w _mhsb t{ijvt-\m- p- p. t{ijvt _mh F ÿm\-am-\-øn-s\m-ø-hæw t{ijvt Pohn-Xhpw D IrjvS I Ω-ßfpw ImgvN-sh-bv m Ct±lw ad- p- n-s - Xv kaq-l-øn\v hgn-im- n-bm-ip- p. k m-c-{]n-b-\mbn simsp- p- -XmWv hmßp- -Xn-t\- mƒ \ -sx al-xvnn Ct±-l-Øn DS-se-Sp-ØXv k`m- ]n-xm- - msc amxr-i-bm n ]n p-s -t m-gm-sw- Xv Hcp ]c-ky-amb cl-ky-am-wv. h InS Hmf-ß-fnepw Xnc-am-e-I-fnepw ]md-s - p-i-fnepw Ae pw De pw DS-bm-dmb k`m-\u-isb im -am n Ic- -Sp- n AP-ø\pw [oc\pw ]nxmhpw I Ω-Ip-i-e\pw hnip- n-bpss \nd-ip-s-hp-am-i-bm "c mw bm q_v _p ±m\' F A]q _lp-axn \ In k`m-x-e-h-\mb ]. ]m{xn-b okv BZ-cn- Xpw hen-sbmcp kw`-h-am-wv. t{ijvt _mhmsb C p temiw apgp-h\pw BZ-cn- p-tºmgpw Iri-Km-{X-\mb t{ijvt _mh _tk-en-tbmkv txmakv {]Y-a k`-bm-ip txmwn-bpss Ac-ß-Øn-cp v \n `b-\mbn {]m -\-tbmss Xpg- p-sim v Atlm-cm{Xw Xf-cmsX \Sp- -b-øn-eqss bm{x snøp-tºmƒ At\-Im-bn-c-߃ {]m n- p- p. Dd- -an- mø DW hp- -h-\mb sszhk-a w ka n- p t{ijvt \n `-b-\mbn {]h Ø-\-\n-c-X-\m- -Ip- p. k`bpw kaqlhpw hf-cp- p. i{xp- ƒ t]mepw an msx kvt\ln- m-z-cn- p- p. CXmWv t{ijvt ImtXm-en _tk-en-tbmkv txmakv {]Y-a Ft m mw. Znim-t_m[w \jvs-am-imø t\xrxzw ^m. Um fn FS- -ßm- n, apf- p-cpøn sszhsø sxc-s -Sp- p a\p-jycpw sszh-øm sxc-s -Sp- -s -Sp a\p-jycpw temi-n-cn-{x-øn-ep- v. c masø hn`m-k-øn Dƒs - -h-cpss Iq -Øn-emWv t{ijvt ImtXmen _tk-en-tbmkv txmakv {]Y-a _mhm-bpss ÿm\w. "Al-tdm-s\-t mse sszhw hnfn- p- -h-\- msx Bcpw B ÿm\w kzxsh FSp- p- n- ' (F{_.5:4) F v a\p-jy-cpss CS-bn \n v FSp- p GtX alm-]p-tcm-ln-x-s\- p-dn pw F{_mb tej\ I Ømhv ]d- n-cn- p- Xv t{ijvt _mhmbn A\z -am-wv. ae- c k`mncn-{x-øn Hc- p-xm-h-xm-cambn t{ijvt _mh hnf-ßp p F Xv ae- c k`m a -fn Bbn-c-ß-fpsS \mhn \nd- p-\n p bmym y-am-wv. P\\w apx Xs {]Xn-tem-a-i- n-i-tfm-sp-s]m-cpxn _mey-ønepw Iuam-cy-Ønepw bu - \-Ønepw IqSn IS v hm -Iy-Ønepw Ah-bp-sS-ta hnp-b-øns txtcm w \S-Øp t{ijvt _mhm hfcp k`m-a- -fpss lcw Xs. hn]-co-xm-\p-`-h-ßsf A\p-Iqe kml- N-cy-am- m-\p t{ijvt _mhm-bpss A p-xm-h-l-amb ]mshw ]. At ymjym knwlmk-\-øn IqsS k`-bpss hnizmkw Dd- n- p- -Xn\v _mhm-bpss {ia-ß-fn {]kv]-jvsam-wv. _lp-apj {]Xn-`-bmb t{ijvt _mhm-sb- n GsX mw ho -W-Øn IqsS hnebn-cp-øm-\p- v. D ze hm n, ZuXy-t_m-[-ap AP-]m-e-I, Id-b {InkvXp-`, bph-tem-i-øns BZ i-]p-cp-j,- km-aq-lni\o-xn-bpss i -\mb h m-hv, kmaq-lni \oxn-bpss i -\mb h m-hv, kl-{]-h Ø-I-cn Bth-ihpw A -W-t_m-[hpw hcp- Øp [oc-t\-xm-hv, Ai-c-W-cp-sSbpw t in-x-cp-ssbpw Bizm-k-I, efn-x-po-hnxøns DS-a, sxfn-a-bm thz-hym-jym-xm-hv, bmt m-_m-b-k-`-bpss hnizkvx ]S-bmfn CsX- mwv t{ijvt _mhm Xncp-ta-\n. "sszhw Ab- n v Hcp a\p-jy h p, Ah\v tbml- m F p t] ' (tbml. 1:6). kv\m]-i-tbm-l- m-s\- n At±-l-Øns \ma-[m-cn-bmb kphn-ti-j-is km yam-wv. {]kvxp-x-hm-iy-øn "tbml- m ' F -Xn-\p-]-Icw t{ijvt _mh _tk-en-tbmkv txmakv {]Y-a F v tn Øv ]d- m h Ø-am-\-Im-em-\p-`-h-Øn AXv XnI pw A\z -am-bn-cn- pw. kz -Øn sszhsø kvt\ln- p- -h-cp-ssbpw sszhw kvt\ln- p- -h-cp-ssbpw \o enãp-iƒ Ds - mwv {]i-kvx-\mb B_q BZ-Øns IYbn ]d-bp- -Xv. F m aq m-axv Hcp enãp-iqsnbps v CubnsS Is -Øm Ign- n- p- v. sszhhpw a\p-jycpw Hcp-t]mse kvt\ln- p- -h-cpss Hcp sndnb enãpw. AXn BZyw ImWp t]cmwv \Ωp-sS-sb mw kvt\l-_-lp-am-\-߃ v ]m{xo-`q-x- \mbn F ]-Xns ]Sn-I-S v ]utcm-lnxy ÿm\-e_v[nbpss Aº-Xmw-h jw BtLmjn- p t{ijvt _mhm-sb v hnti-jn- n- m ]ns _mhm-sb- n IqSp-X-em-sbm pw D]- y-kn-t - -Xn-. kpdn-bm\n k`-bpss XqWpw Inco-S-hp-amb AXnt{ijvT\mb _mhm tum. s_ kn amxyp dm n. ae- c bmt m-_mb bqøv Atkm-kn-tb-j AJne ae- c hm jni Iymºv 1990 ]pø Ipcniv kviqfn \S- p-i-bm-wv. hnip Ip m-\-bn kw_- n- phm\pw bma-{]m -\-Iƒ p-ambn ]pø Ip-cniv am Genbm Nm -en-emwv HØp-Iq-Snbn-cp- Xv. A v A -amen `{Zm-k-\m-[n-] tam Znhm- m-kn-tbmkv txmakv sa{xm-t meo-øm-bm-bn-cp t{ijvt-_mhm Iymºw-K-ßtfmsSmØv Zo L-k-abw sne-h-gn- -k-µ `w Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-am-bn-cp- p. am Gen-bm-Nm- ÿnxn-sn-øp ÿew h j-߃ v apºv ImSv ]nsn vins Hgn {]tz-i-am-bn-cp- -Xn-\m P\-ß-fmcpw Chn-tS v Xncn- p-t\m- m-dn- m-bn-cp- p. Xm Hcp siωm-i-\m-bn-cp Ah-k-c-Øn \nc-h[n Xn m-\p-`-h-߃ D mb kµ `ß-fn-sems ChnsSh v Ic v {]m n- m-dp- m-bn-cp- p-sh v ]nxmhv bphm sf Hm Ω-s -Sp-Øp-Ibp mbn aqhm- p-]pg am AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv, ]p m-\n txmakv siωmi-\mbn Cu Iymºn ]s -Sp-Øn-cp- p. `bw-aqew Cu Im p-{]-tz-i-tø v Bcpw hcm-ø-xn-\m X\n v GIm- -X-bn GIm-{K-X-tbmsS {]m n- p-hm Ah-k-c-ap- m-bn-cp-s pw ]n osv Cu ÿeøv Hcp Bcm-[-\m-ebw Db p hcp-hm-\n-s-bm-bxv sszh-øns Afh Ir]-aq-e-am-sW pw Xncp-ta-\n ]d-bp-i-bp- m-bn. _mey-ønepw bu -\-Ønepw Xm A\p-`-hn thz-\-ifpw Pohn-X-bm-Ym yßfpw Xpd a\-t mss bphm- -fpss apºn Ah-X-cn- n- p-ibpw AN- -e-amb sszhhn-izm-k-tømspw {]m -\-tbmspw IqSn hf p h Xv hni-zo-i-cn- p-ibpw snbvxp. Xs hen-b-xmb B km yw bph-a-\- p-i-fn Bg-Øn Cd-ßn-s - p- -Xm-bn-cp- p. Cu kw`-h-øn\v c v ]Xn- m- p-t]mepw ]n n- n- n-s - nepw Cu Ime-b-f-hn-\p- n sszhw Cu ]nxm-hns\ F{X hep-xmbn Db Øn. IÆp-\o hogvøn {]m n ]pø Ipcn-in k`-bpss b»kv F{Xtbm hep-xmbn Db p. k`-bp-ssbpw kaq-l-øn-s bpw \m\mxpd-i-fn-ep- -h sszhw Xnc-s -SpØ Cu henb ]nxm-hns\ I v Fs mw ]Tn- m-\n-cn- p- p. kpdn-bm\n k`-bn ta ]- - msc kzoi-cn-s -gp- - n- p-tºmƒ Be-]n- p ""\ n-sbm `c-w-k-a m\o h o-sp-i-c-aym-i-b-\m-bv...'' F KoXw A cw-{]xn A -h-øm-bn-øo-cp- Xv t{ijvt ]uc-kv-xyimtxmen m _t -en-tbmkv txmakv {]Y-a _mhm-bn Z in- p-hm Ign-bpw. \ CS-b-\mb `c-wm-[n-imcn si-a-hq Io m-tbt mse k`m-\u-isb \bn- ptºmgpw ]utem-kn-s\-t mse kphn-tij XXv]-c-Xbpw anj-\dn {]h Ø-\-ßsf t{]m mln- n- n- -Xn\pw bmt m-_m-b-k-`sb `mc-x-k-`-i-fn {]Y-a-K-W-\o-b-bm- m klmbn- p-i-xs snøpw. C y-bnse apgp-h kwÿm-\-ß-fnepw anj-\dn _nj p-amcpw anj {]-h Ø-\hpw _mhm-bpss `c-w-im-eøv bmym yam- p- -Xn-eqsS k`-h-f-cphm CS-h-c-Ww. hnizm-k-øn Gen-bm-hn-s\-t mse sshcm-kn-bmbn {]h Øn v k`sb ss«lnixps -bnepw ]q n-i-hn-izm-k-ønepw \ne-\n Øp-Ibpw k`mw-k-߃ ]oun- n- -s -Sp- -bn-s-ß-fnepw hnin-jym- sx- `{Zm-k-\-ß-fnepw {]txy-i-i-cp-x \ Ip D -X-amb hy nxzw «ml-\obw Xs. C y Hm Ø-tUmIvkv hn`m-k-øn s] pt]mb At\-Isc kxy-k-`-bn-te v ]p\-ssc-iy-s -Sp-Øp-hm _mhmbv v Ign- p. k`bpss ka-kvx-ta-j-e-bnepw DW pw h A`n-hr- nbpw hcp-ønb sszhn-i-i- n-bpambn I Øm-hmb tbip-{inkvxphns hnti-j-ß-fp-ambn k`sb DW Øp-Ibpw snøp- Xv A`w-Kpcw XpS-c-s. t{ijvt _mh Xncp-a-\- n\v Biw-k-Iƒ t{ijvt _mh Xncp-a-\- n\v Biw-k-Iƒ t{ijvt _mh Xncp-a-\- n\v Biw-k-Iƒ

11 11 As mcp Rmb-dm-gvN-bm-bn-cp- p. Ncn-{X-{]-kn- -amb IS-a w sk v tpm Pv ] n CS-h-I- m-cmb 56 t]sc Ad-Ãp-sNbvXv ]pø Ip-cniv t]meokv tãj-\n-te p sim pt]m-bn-cn- p p F hnhcw Adn- mwv Rm t]meokv tãj-\n-se-øn-b-xv. tãjs ap Øpw tdmunepw ]cn-k-c-ß-fn-ep-ambn [mcmfw Bfp-Iƒ IqSn-\n p- p- v. Ah-cnsem-cm-fmbn A`n-hµy txmakv tam Zoh- m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\nbpw \n p- p- v. t]meokv tãjs ap -ØmWv A`n. Xncp-ta\n \n p- -Xv. A`n.-Xn-cp-ta\n BsI Akzÿ-\m-Wv. t]meokv DtZym-K-ÿ- m Xncp-ta-\n-bp-ambn _ -s -Sp- p- v. Fs m-s tbm Ah XΩn kwkm-cn- p- p. Ah ]d-bp- Xv Xncp-ta\n AwKo-I-cn a n-. AUz. Pbbpw Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv Ft m kwkm-cn- p- p- v. Bfp-Iƒ v BImw IqSn- q-snhcp- p. s]s - Xm ag timcn-s m-cn-bp- p. Hcp Xp n v Hcp IpSw F -Xp-t]mse i nbmb ag. ]ecpw ag \\-bm-xn-cn- m Ftßmt m _ -s -t m-sp- p. ssihiw IpS Icp- Xn-b-h AsX-SpØv NqSp- p. Rm Fs IpS-sb-Sp-Øp. Rm\-tßm p t\m n-b-t mƒ km m CS-b-\mb A`n-hµy Xncp-ta\n B timcn-s m-cn-bp ag-bøv Iqk-set\y ag \\ v \nev p- p. t]meokv DtZym-K-ÿ- m Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv AIØv h n-cn- phm Bhiys -Sp- p. ]t XymK-aq Øn-bmb B CS-b B A`y \ \nc-kn- p- I-bmWv snbvx-xv. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Xe-bn hogp sh w ak-\-]vkbpw \\ v tzl- Øp-IqSn Hgp-Ip- p. ]oem-tøm-kns apºn sim p-h-c-s {InkvXp-hns tzl-øp- IqSn c w Hgp-Ip-I-bm-bn-cp- p. hkv{xw tzl-tømsv H n- n-sn- n-cp- p; c w-sim- v. ChnsS, Cu t{ijvtm-nm-cys tzl-øp-ap-gp-h i n-bmbn s]bvx ag sh -am-sw p am{xw. Fßs\ Cu alm-\p-`m-hs\ BZ-cn- m-xn-cn pw! Ipd- -Ise \n n-cp Rm IpS-bp-ambn Xncp-ta-\nsb kao-]n- p. IpS NqSn- m {ian- -t mƒ B XymK-[-\ Iev]n- -Xn-ß-s\-bmWv: ""kmtd IpS F\n- m-h-iy-an-. Fs a ƒ Pmayw In msx timsxn-ap- -tøm, hr - p-h- ntem \nev p-tºmƒ, Ah ag \\- bp-tºmƒ F\n-s -ßs\ IpS NqSm-\mhpw?'' Cubp- -hs \n _- -sam pw B [t]m- [-\s ASp- hne-t m-bn-. Xncp-ta\n t]meokv A[n-Im-cn-I-tfmSv Xs Bhiyw Bh Øn- p- -bn- p. ""t]meokv A[n-Im-cn-Isf Rm _lp-am-\n- p- p. ]t kxyhpw \oxnbpw \ymbhpw \S- m-i-ww. 56 t]sc tims-xn-bn lmp-cm- m-\mbn \n߃ sim pt]m-bn-cn- p- p. Ah v Pmayw A\p-h-Zn- m-sa v IS-a w ] n-ap- Øp h v \n߃ ]d- -Xm-Wv. ]t Ct mƒ Ah v Pmayw In m-xn-cn- m Btcm {ian- p- p. \n߃ AXn\v Iq p-\n p- p. F\n v Poh-\p- n-s-tømfw Imew AX-\p-h-Zn- n-. Ah v Pmayw In m-xn-cn- m-\p hip- mwv Fgp-Xn-t Øn-cn- p- Xv F v h o-en \n v Rm\- dn p. \S- mø ] n s]mxp-tbm-k-sø- n hnim-cn-tbmsv tnmzn- Xv sx mtwm? ] n Btcm AS p F Xv kxyw-x-s. A s tzløv Bcpw H p sxmsp-i-t]mepw snbvxn- n-s v A Xs ]d-bp- p. ]ns t y Pmay-an- mø hip v? sx p-sn-bvsx- n timsxn in n- -s. Pmayw In mø hip- mwv \n߃ Fgp-Xn-t Øn-cn- p- -sx- n Rm Cu Xd-bn Ccn- m t]mip-i-bm-wv. \n߃ Fs Ad-Ãp-sN-øq. Pmayw In mø hip- vx-s -bm- -I-s. L\-Kw-`o-c-amb Cu i_vz-øn\p apºn B pw H pw ]d-bm-\n- m-xm-bn. {] p-_v[-amb A -co- w. ]ecpw IpS as n ssibn h p. ag \\- psim v Rm Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS kao-]-sa-øn. B \n»-_vzx hmnmew Xs -bm-bn-cp- p. AhnsS IqSn-bn-cp \qdp-i-w- n-\m-fp-iƒ A`n. Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv sfiy-zm Uyw {]I-Sn- n- p. t]meokv DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS A\p-\-b-hm- p-i-sfm pw Xncp-ta\n snhn-s m- n-. k ym-{]m -\-bpss ka-b-am-b-t mƒ A`n.-Xn-cp-ta\n B timcn-s m-cn-bp agbøp \n p-sim v {]m \ Bcw-`n- p. lrz-b-lm-cn-bmb B {]m -\m-i_vzw IqSn- \n- -h G p-snm- n. kntã-gvkns at\m-l-c-amb i_vzhpw AhnsS ams m-en-s m- p. {]m \ Gsd-t\cw \o p-\n- p. {]m \ Ah-km-\n- -bp-ss\ AUz. Pb A`n.-Xn-cpta-\n-bpsS ASp- -se-øn. ""Xncp-ta-\o, Ah F.I.R Fs ImWn- p. Pmayw In p hip- -\p-k-cn v Xs -bmwv Fgp-Xn-t Øn-cn- p- -Xv. Rm\-tßm p t]mip- p. Ahsc Pmay- Øn-se-SpØv DSs\ hcmw.'' A`n.-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS A\p-hm-Z-tØmsS AUz.-Pb t^m psim- n-bn-te p Xncn- p. apn-kvt{s- ns ho n-te- mwv 56 t]sc-bpw-sim pt]mbn-cp- - Xv. A{X-bpw-t]-cpsS Pmay-Im-cy-߃ Xøm-dm- p-hm awn- q-dp-iƒ Gsd th n-h-cpsa v a\- n-em- nb apn-kvt{s v Ahsc aqhm- p-]pg t]meokv tãj-\n-te v ]d- -bbv p-i-bmwv snbvx-xv. Cu 56 t]scbpw AUz-t - n-s\bpw ImØn-cp Xncp-ta-\n pw IqsS-bp- -h pw ]mxn-cm{xn Ign- -t mƒ, Ah aqhm- p-]pg t]meokv tãj-\n-eps hnh-c-amwv t^mwn-eqss Adn-bm Ign- -Xv. t^m p-sim- n-bn \n v Fd-Wm- Bep-hm-bn \S Ncn-{X-{]-kn- -amb t{k v am pw D]-hm-k-b- hpw B_q tam _tk-en-tbmkv txmakv {]Y-a _mh : ka W Pohn-X-Øns Bƒcq]w sjh-en-bm si.-hn.-]u-temkv Ipfw hgn Xncp-hm- p-føp h t]meokv hml\w ]pø Ip-cniv hgn aqhm- p-]pg t]meokv tãj\nte p t]mip- -Xn\p ]I-cw, Xncp-hm- p-f-øp-\n v ]ndhw hgn aqhm- p-]p-gbv p t]mip-i-bmwv snbvx-xv. Xncp-ta-\n pw IqsS-bp- m-bn-cp hnizm-kn-iƒ pw Ahsc ImWm km[n- m-sx-t]m-bn. \nbaw C{X hf hgn kzoi-cn- -Wtam F v Nne s - nepw txm n-bn-cn- -aw. aqhm- p-]pg t]meokv tãj-\n-se-øn 56 t] pw ` -W-Øn-\p G m-sp-iƒ snbvx-ti-j-amwv A`n. Xncp-ta\n ]pø Ip-cniv am Genbmkv Nm -en FØn hn{i-an- -Xv. Xte-Zn-hkw ` Ww Ign Ah Rmb-dmgvN Znhkw Hcp mkv sh w-t]mepw IpSn- n- p- m-hn F bmym yw a\- n-em- n-bn- mwv Xncpta\n th G m-sp-iƒ snbvx-xv. CXmWv XymK-[-\-\mb A`n. Zoh- m-tkymkv Xncp-ta- \n-bpss Pohn-X-Ønse Hcp Znh-kw. Cu kvt\lm-[niyw aqew Bbn-cn- -W-at m Cu A`n.-]n-Xm-hns Im hgn-bn Bsc- nepw XS p F p ti m IS-a- sø hnizm-kn-iƒ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS c -bv mbn HmSn-sb-Øp- -Xv. CXp IS-a- sø P\-߃ p am{x-ap {]txy-i-x-b-. bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ v A`n. Xncp-ta-\n-tbm-Sp ` ym-z-c-hp-i-fpss Hcp {]Xy sxfnhv am{xw. Rms\m-cn- I -XmWv Hcp Imdpw GXm\pw ss_ p-ifpw XΩn-ep a -cw. IS-a w t]mtbsw sndn-b-]- n-bn \n v hn.-ip m\ A n- -tijw ssiapøv hmßmsx t]mb Xncp-ta-\nsb ]n p-s v Imdns\ Hmh ts v snbvxv time-t -cn-bnse s]t{smƒ ]ºn-seØn A`n.-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS hnk-ω-x-sam pw IW- m- msx Imdn ^pƒ Sm v C \w \nd- p-sim-sp- p- -Xn-\p-th- n, ]osn-i-bv taml\pw sxm n-bn _m_phpw a p- -hcpw {]I-Sn- n hy{k-x-bpss Zml-amWv Rm I B a -cw. Cu cmpysø \nb-a-ß-f-\p-k-cn v Imcy-߃ \S- s F mwv A`n.-Xn-cp-ta\n F mbvt mgpw ]d-bm-dp- -Xv. ASn- -a Ø Fhn-sS-bp- m-bmepw Xncp-ta\n AXns\ FXn pw. apºn \n p-x-s. AXn-\p-]-tbm-Kn- p coxntbm? A{I-a-c-ln-X-amb kl- \-k-acw Xs. AXmWv I Øm-hmb tbip-{inkvxp Acp-fn-s -bvxn- p- -Xv. Km n-pnbpss am hpw AXp-X-s -bm-bn-cp- p-h-t m. kxy-{k-l-k-acw [ Ω ka-c-am-b-xp-sim- mwv _mhm Xncp-ta\n B ka-c-apd kzoi-cn- p- -Xv. FXn-cm-fn-bpsS a\- n ]cn-h Ø- \-ap m m AXv klm-b-i-am-ip-a-t m. _mhm Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS \ne-]msv icn-bm-sw v Imew sxfn-bn- p. 56 t]cp-ssbpw t]cn-ep- m-bn-cp tikv Ccp-]- hpw tbmpn v HØp-Xo m- n. ] n s]mxp-tbmkw IqSn-b-Xmbn Hcp sxfn-hp-an-s - mwv timsxn Ak-µn-Kv -ambn {]Jym-]n v hn[n ]d-bp- Ibpw snbvxp. kp{]-kn [ym\-kp-cphpw kphn-ti-j-{]-kw-k-i-\p-amb _lp. kn.-f.-txm-akv I»o-»msb pdn v tiƒ m-ø-h Bcp-ap- m-hn tic-f-øn. At±lw sa{xm-t m-eoøm ÿm\-ta- -txm-sp-iqsn k`bv v Hcp ]pø-\p-w hv ssih- p. A`n-h-µy-cmb txmakv tam Zoh- m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\nbpw Koh-dp-Kokv tam {KotKm-cn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\nbpw P\-e- -ßsf ltm-zm-i jn- p. A`n-hµy Xncp-ta-\n-am-cpsS [oc-amb t\xr-xz-øn k` Dbn sø-gp-t A\p-`-h-Øn-te p h p. A`n-hµy ]u-temkv tam ]oe-ivkn-t\mkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm Ing- ns ImtXm-en m Bbpw ae- c sa{xm-t m-eoø Bbpw t\xrxzw Gs -Sp-Ø-t mƒ k` ks-ip-s-s -gp-t knwl-øns Ah-ÿ-bn-se-Ønt p. A -amen `{Zm-k\ sa{xm-t m-eoø Bb A`n. Zoh- m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\nsb kw_- n- n-s-tømfw Bephm Xr p- Øp skan-\mcn sshim-cn-i-_ w Df-hm- p Hcp Xo m-s-\-ti-{µ-am-wv. ae- -c-bpss kxy-hn-izm-k-kw-c- -I-\mb ]cn.-]u-temkv tam AØm-\m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]mh-\-n-cn-x-߃ hnfn-t m-xp B ] n-bpw, skan- \m-cn-bpw, I_-dn-S-hpw, amhn X-Wepw F n\v henb Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Xr m-z-߃ ]Xn B aw X-cn-Iƒt]mepw Znhy-amb Hm Ω Df-hm- p- -XmWv. A\p-{K-l-߃ h jn- p- n-s-amwv B ] nbpw B ]cn-ip- s I_-dn-S-hpw. B ] n-bn-seøn H p {]m n- p-hm henb Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS I_-dn-S-Øn Hcp [q]-{]m \ \S-Øp-hm A`n.-Xn-cpta\n F{X-Im-e-ambn B{K-ln- p p! t\mºv t\m v ImØn-cn- p- p. hnizm-kn-iƒ v {]th-i\w \ntcm-[n- p-sim v 1977 Unkw-_ 3 \v 10 Znh-k-tØ v {]Jym-]n 144 mw hip- v, Unkw-_ 5 mw XobXn s]s ]n h-en v Hm Ø-tUmIvkv ] -Øn\v Bcm-[-\bv v Ah-k-c-sam-cp- n-bxv {]iv\-߃ krjvsn- p. Cu hnh-c-a-dn v hn. Bcm-[-\-bvs -Ønb ]m{xn-b okv ] - m-cmb CS-h-I- msc t]meokv a ±n- p- ]n. ]n. X -

12 B_q tam _tk-en-tbmkv txmakv {]Y-a _mh : ka W Pohn-X-Øns Bƒcq]w (Xp-S ) Ibpw AdÃp snøp-ibpw snbvxp. AX-dn A`n. Zoh- m-tkymkv Xncp-ta\n Bephm-bn-se-Øn. \ntcm-[-\m \ne-hn-en- m-xn-cns A`n. Xncp-ta-\n-tbbpw a v H ]Xv t]scbpw t]meokv A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ AdÃv snbvxv IÃ-Un-bn-seSpØp. Xncp-ta-\nsb ssihn-e-ßn v t]meokv tãj-\n-en-cp-øn. am{x-hp-a Xncp-ta-\n v t]meo-kns ]ou-\- ßfpw G t - n-h- p. Cu hm Ø Im p-xo-t]mse ]c- p. hnizm-kn-iƒ Bep-hm-bnte v HmSn- q-sn. Bephm \K-c-Øn-sem- msi A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ \ntcm-[-\m ]pd-s -Sp-hn- p. k`m-kvt\-ln-ifpw hnizm-k-[o-c-cp-amb At\Iw Bfp-Iƒ t]meo-kns \c-\m-bm- n\v hnt[-b-cm-bn. {io. ]n.-]n.-x- - \pw a ±-\-ta- -h-cn Dƒs -Sp- p. Ad-Ãn-emb Xncpta-\nsb B cm{xn-bn Øs Fd-Wm-Ip-fØv apn-kvt{s- ns apºn lmp-cm- n. dnam Uv snbvx-x-\p-k-cn v Pbn-en-ep-am- n. Xncp-ta\n Pbn-en h- p-xs \ncm-lm-cb w Bcw-`n- p. Btcm-Ky-\ne tami-am-b-t mƒ Xncp-ta-\nsb Fd-Wm-Ipfw P\-d Bip-]-{Xn-bnte p am n. Xncp-ta\n Ahn-sSbpw \ncm-lm-c-k-acw XpS p. Bephm t]meokv {Ku n s]mcn-sh-bn-eøp \n v {]m -\bpw KoX-ßfpw Be-]n v \qdp IW- n-\m-fp-iƒ A`n. Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv sfiy-zm Vyw {]I-Sn- n- p. hnizmkn-iƒ Fd-Wm-Ipfw If-Iv -td- n-te v t{k v am v \S-Øn. At\-Im-bn-c-߃ AdÃv snøs - p. kwkxnifpss Kuchw A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ v t_m y-s - p. N -Iƒ ]exp \S p HSp-hn ]m{xn-b okv ] -Øn\v hn. Bcm-[-\bv v Kh sa n\v If-sam-cp- n. AX- \p-k-cn v Xr p- -Øp-sk-an-\mcn ] n-bn A`n-hµy IS-hn tum. ]utemkv tam AØm-\m-tkymkv Xncp-ta\n, A`n. tum. Koh-dp-Kokv tam {KotKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n, dh. ^m. tpm v hdp-kokv ]c-øp-h-b-en F n-h hn. Ip m-\-bn ]s -Sp-Øp. tam Zoh- ym-tkymkv Xncp-ta\n hn. Ip m\ A\p-`-hn- p-i-bpw, henb Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS I_-dn- [q]-{]m \ \S-Øp-Ibpw snbvxp. hnizm-kn-i-fmb P\-k-l-{k-߃ \ntcm- [nx taj-e-bv p Np p-ambn \n v Chbv v km yw hln- p. A`n. Zoh- m-tkymkv Xncp-ta\n 44 Znh-k-ambn A\p-jvTn p h D]-hmkw A`n. G{_lmw am oaokv sa{xmt m-eoøm \ Inb \mc-ßm-\ocv IpSn vsim v Ah-km-\n- n- p. t{ijvt _mhv Xncp-ta\n FXn-cm-fn-Iƒ v t]sn kz]v\w am{x-a-. bym -Øn CSn-hmƒ Xs -bmwv hnizm-kn-i-fmb ` -P-\-߃t m Xmßpw XW-ep-ta-Ip ]qa-cw. bmt m-_mb kndn-b Hm Ø-tUmIvkv hnizm-kn-isf kw_- n- n-s-tømfw _mhm Xncp-ta\n k`-bm-ip \uisb \bn- p hniz-kvx-\mb I n-øm Xs -bm-wv. \qdp IW- n\v tikp-i-fn {]Xn-bm-sW- nepw Hcp tikn t]mepw hmzn-bm-im-\n-jvs-s - SmØ \njvi Ω-tbm-Kn. hm n-xz-i-e-bn AZzo-X-\mb _mhm Xncp-ta\n kz Æ-\m-hp-Im-c-\mbn Cuhm-\ntbm-kn-s\-t mse At\-Im-bn-c-ßsf ltm-zm-i jn- p hm n Xs. hmbn kz Æ- -c- n-bp-ambn P\n Bf F n-epw-km-[m-c-w- m-cn Hcp-h-\mbn hf p h _mhmbpss \mhn \n p s]mgn-bp- Xv kz Æ-k-Ωm-\-ambn hm p-i-fm-wv. sxm -sx mw s]m m- p bmt m_v _p ±m-\m-sb-t mse hn. k`bv v si p-d v \ Inb, {]Xn-`mim-en-bmb Cu A`n-hµy]n-Xmhv ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbpw Ing- ns ImtXm-en- mbpw F \ne-bn Zo L-Imew hn. k`bv v t\xrxzw \ Ip-hm-\n-S-bm-Is F k`m-a- -fpsn {]m -\-bn Rm\pw ] p-tn-cp- p. ]utcm-lnxy kp Æ-Pq-_nen BtLm-jn- p t{ijvt _zm Xncp-ta-\n v sszhw Xºp-cm F m-hn[ \ h-c-ßfpw \ In Cu k`sb [\y-am- -s -sb p {]m n- p- p. 12 PRAYERS & BEST WISHES TO GOLDEN JUBILEE FOR OUR H.B. CATHOLICOS BAVA (YAK AKOOB BURDHONO MALANKARA) RAJU KUNDARA & FAMIL AMILY (PAKALOMATTOM THARAKAN) [ ST. PETERS SYRIAN ORTHDO THDOX CHURCH, CH, CHICAGO GO, U.S.S.A.A t{ijvt _mhm Xncp-ta\n v `b-` n BZ-c-ß-tfmsS Biw-k-Iƒ sh«n-bv m-aäw IpSpw-_-tbmKw I ISm-Xn, aqhm-äp-]pg

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14 14 JACOBITE SYRIAN CHRISTIAN FAITH MOVEMENT MUVATTUPUZHA ]utcm-lnxy kph Æ Pq_nen BtLm-jn- p t{ijvt _mhmbv v Biw-k-Iƒ Ffn-asb sxfn-a-bm nb, hn{i-a-sa-s dn-bmø \ CS-b sjh. si.-h. Gen-bmk,v aps-hq (t{]m{kmw I ho-\ & k`m-h nwkv IΩ n saº ) "Rm \ CS-b-\m-Ip- p. \ CS-b BSp- Iƒ p-th n Xs Pohs\ simsp- p- p' (tbm-l. 10:11) F Xncp-h-N\w A\z am- p-amdv Xs PohnXw ]cn-ip k`-bpss hf bv pw kxy-hnizmk kwc- -W-Øn-\pw-th n Dgn- p-h \Ω-psS t{ijvt ImtXm-en- mbpw sa{xm-t m-eoø {SÃn-bpamb B_q tam _t -en-tbmkv txmakv {]Y-a _mhm-bpss ]utcm-lnxy kph Æ Pq_nen kap-nn- X-ambn BtLm-jn-t - Xv bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k`-bnse GsXmcp hnizm-kn-bp-tsbpw IS-abpw I Ø-hy-hp-am-Wv. ]cn-ip At ym-jym-knw-lm-k- \-Øn Io-gn Cu k`sb ASn-bp-d- n v \n Øp- -Xn-\p-th n {]m -\- bnepw D]-hm-k-Ønepw kl-\-k-a-c-ßfnepw kzbw-k-a n XymKohcy\pw, CS-h-I-]- n-i-fpw, kxy-kp-dn-bm\n k`-bpss a fpw ]ovn- n- s -Sp-tºmƒ Ah-tcm-sSm- w, Ah-cn Hcm-fmbn \n v ]S-s]m-cp-Xp ap Wn t]mcm-fnbpw, se apf- p-cpøn kp -l-tzmkns Xocp-am-\-{]-Im-c-ap A amb ] m-fn-øhpw P\m-[n-]Xy `c-w-{i-ahpw \ne-\n Øp- -Xn-\mbn k`m-`-c-w-l-s-\bv v cq]w simspø hnim-e-lrz-b-\p-amb t{ijvt- ]n-xmhv kz w Pohn-Xw-X-s -bmwv a p- -h p Xs ktµiw F v \sω Hm Ωn- n- p- p. "bn{km-tb a -fpss \ne-hnfn Fs ASp- FØn-bn-cn- p- p... bn{km-tb a sf an{k-bnan \n v ]pd-s -Sp-hn- p- -Xn\v Rm \ns Ab- pw' (]p-d- msv 3: 9 10) F v Iev]n v B n-s-b\pw hn -\p-ambn-cp tamisb C{km-tb P\-Øn\v \Sp-hn Db Ønb sszhw kam\ ]cn-x-ÿn-xn-bn adp-hn-`m-k-øn-s -]o-v-\-ß-fn \n pw ]cn. k`sb ssi]n-sn- p-b Øp- -Xn\pw \ h-c-ß-fpss Dd-hn-S-amb ]cn. knwlm-k-\- Øn\v Iogn \sω Dd- n p \n Øp- -Xn\pw th n \ Inb hc-zm-\- amwv t{ijvt ]nxm-hv. kxy-hn-izmkw \ne-\n Øp- -Xn-\mbn Iodnb hkv{x߃ [cn v, DW-ßnb A - -j-w-߃ am{xw ` n,v ImSpw taspw IS v Znh-tk\ At\Iw ssaep-iƒxm n At\-Im-bn-c-ßsf kxy-kp-dn-bm\n k`bn AwK-ß-fm- p-i-bpw, A\-h[n ] - m-scbpw ta - - m-scbpw hmgn- p-ibpw snbvxv A mw \q m- n Cu k`sb c n v \ne-\n Ønb \oxn-am\pw ]cn-ip- -\p-amb bmt m_v _p ±m-\-bpss \maw ]cn. ]m{xnb okv _mhm-bm \ I-s "ae- -cbpss bmt m_v _p ±m\' Cu 79- m-asø hb- nepw ]cn. k`-bpss \ne-\n n-\p-th n Zn\hpw 18 apx 20 awn- q hsc ITn-\m- zm\w snøp-hm X -hæw Xs Ir] kar ambn \ In \sω A\p-{K-ln- p k -i- s Icp-Wsb Hm Øv \ap v sszhsø al-xz-s -Sp-Ømw sshzoihr-øn-bn-te v hnfn- -s t{ijvt ]nxmhv ta - -Xz-Øns XW ]cn-ip- -k-`-bn Gsd e`y-a- m-xn-cp kµ `- Øn ]cn. At ymjym knwlm-k-\-øn \n pw ]pwy-t«m-i-\mb s]cp- ºn- n tam {KotKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-tbmsSm n v sa{xm-t m-eoøm ÿm\w kzoi-cn v ae- -c-bn-te v Fgp- p n h Xv ]cn. k`-bpss Ncn- {X-Ønse henb hgn-øn-cn-hm-bn. sshzoi ÿm\-e-_vzn- p-tijw ae- -cbn Atßm-f-an-tßmfw HmSp- -Xn\pw Hcp \ kphn-ti-j-i-\m-bpw, kwlm- S-I-\mbpw, {]m -\m-po-hn-x-øn ASn-bp-d- p-\n v sszhoi kwk - Øn A\-h[n \ Imcy-߃ ]cn. k`-bv p-th n snøp- -Xn\pw t{ijvt ]nxm-hn\v Ign- n- p- v. time-t -cn-bps A`n-am-\-ambn Db p-h- n- p saun- timtfpv Dƒ -ss-bp alm-{]-ÿm-\-ß-fpss Bcw-`-Im-e-{]- h Ø-\-ß-fn ap ]- n-bn \n n- p- Xv A v kn.-fw. txmakv A F -t]-cn {]i-kvx-\m-bn-cp t{ijvt _mhm Xncp-a-\- p-x-s -bm-bn-cp- p. A p-ap-x C p-hsc hn{i-a-sa-s dnbmsx Xs ZuXyw Xncn- dn v t{ijvt _mh IjvS- m-sp-iƒ v \Sp-hnepw InX- n- msx HmSp-I-bm- Wv. Bep-hm-bnse ka-cw, t]meokv emøn-nm v, Pbn hm-kw, ]gt m w ] n-bnse \ncm-lmc kxym-{kl ka-cw XpSßn ASp-Ø-Im-eØv Xs Bflob a sf AIm-c-W-ambn tem - n AS- -t mƒ Ah-cpsS tamn-\-øn-\mbn ]pø Ip-cniv t]meo-tã-j\v apºn timcn-s m-cn-bp ag-bøv D -ap-x A -cm-{xn-hsc ag-bn IpXn v hnd- p-\n ImgvN GsXm-cp-hn-izm-kn-bp-tSbpw IÆp-Isf Cud AWn-bn- pw. \ΩpsS ]pwy- ]n-xm- - m I_-d-S-ß-bn- p Bep-h-bnse Xr p- Øp skan-\mcn ] nbn {]th-i\w Bh-iy-s v ASp-Ø-\m-fp-I-fn \S-Ønb \ncm-lmc kxy- {K-lhpw F mw-xs t{ijvt ]nxm-hn\v am{xw kz -amb k`m-kvt\-l- Øns, At ym-jym-`- n-bpss, kxy-hn-im-kn-i-tfm-sp IS- m-sns F pw \ne-\n p {]Xn-_nw-_-ß-fm-bn-cn- pw. Gsd \jvs-߃ klnt - n-h- -t mgpw 404- ]cw tikpi-fn {]Xn-tN -s - -t mgpw Ahsbm- pw- h-i-h-bv msx ]cn. k`bv v Hcp ]pxnb ASn-Ød ]WnXv, Znimt_m[w \ In aq mw kl-{km-_vz-øn-te v ssi]n-sn v \S-Øp- -Xn\v t{ijvt _mhm-bm v Ign- n- p- v. ]pø Ip-cn-in Btd- ÿe-hpw, 5 timsn-tbmfw cq] Nne-hn \n Ωn- n- p k`-bpss Bÿm\ aµn-chpw, 60 e w cq]m -Nn-e-hn \n Ωn- n- p sszhm-ebhpw CXc hnzym-`ymk ÿm]-\-ßfpw F mwxs t{ijvt _mhm-bpss Zo L-ho-j-W-Øns, ZrV- \n- -b-øns ZrjvSm- -ß-fm-Wv. ASn-bp-d Bfl-hn-izm-khpw sszhm-{ibt_m[hpw hnizm-kn-ifpss lrz-b-øns AI-Ø-f-ß-sf sxm p-w Øp kvt\l-hm-bv]pw, k t m-]cn At m-jym-knw-lm-k-\-tøm-sp AN- -e-amb Iqdpw hnt[- b-xzhpw t{ijvt _mhm Xncp-a-\- ns\ C v kaq-l-a- y-øn Gsd BZcn- -s -Sp AXp-ey-hy- n-xz-øns DS-a-bm nøo Øp. Ffn-a-bpsS sh n-sh-fn- -hp-ambn hn{i-a-sa-s - -dn-bmsx ].k`-bv mbn Xs -Xs kzbw ka n- n- p t{ijvt CS-bs Xr m-z-ß-fn Cu Pq_nen BtLmj-Øns Zn\-ß-fn F m-hn-[-amb Biw-k-Ifpw A n- p- p.

15 15 JACOBITE SYRIAN CHRISTIAN FAITH MOVEMENT MUVATTUPUZHA ]utcm-lnxy kph Æ Pq_nen BtLm-jn- p t{ijvt _mhmbv v Biw-k-Iƒ t{ijvt ImtXm-en ss{ikv{xh Z»-\-ß-fpsS ktµi hml-i tum. Fw.-kn. tpm v, AUz-t v (snb am tp -ss_ v s^bvøv aqhvsa v aqhm- p-]pg) t{ijvt ImtXm-en m _mh `mc-xob ss{ikvxh k`m Ncn-{X-Øns ktµ-i-hm-l-i-\m-wv. temi ss{ikvxh k`-i-fpss Xe-sXm- - s ÿm\w H mw \q m- p-ap-x \ne-\n- p-t]m-cp- Xpw hy -amb ] m-øe ap -Xp-amb bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k`-bv p- -Xm-Wv. am txm-am-«o-lm-bm ÿm]n-x-am-bn, At m-jym-]n-xm- - m-cm kwc- n p \bn- p-t]m-cp Cu k` ]Xn-\ mw \q m- p-hsc kam-[m-\-]-c-amb ]ptcm-k-xn-bpss ]mx-bnem-bn-cp- p. At m-jym- -a-e- c _ w A\p-kyqXw \ne- \n Øn k`-bpss ]mc-º-cym-\p-jvsm-\-߃ AtX-]Sn ]men- n-cp ae- -c-bm-t m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k`-bpss BZysØ ]co- -W-L w ]Xn-\mdmw \q m- ns c mw ]Ip-Xn-bn ]q ]nxm- - m Iq\ Ipcnip kxy-tøm-sp-iqsn Ah-km-\n- n- p. ae- c k`mhn-izm-kn-iƒ ]mc-º-cy-øn-e-[n-jvtn-x-amb ss{ikvxh hnizmkw apdpsi ]nsn p apt -dn-b-t mƒ At ym-jym-bnse ]nxm- - m {]m -\-bnepw hnizmk-ønepw ASn-bp-d v t\xrxzw \ In ]cn-t]m-jn- n- p. ae- c k` G hpw henb ]co- W L sø t\cn-ts- n-h- Xv Ccp- ]Xmw \q m- ns BZy-L- -Øn cq]w sim hnln-snx {Kq n \n m- Wv. XnI pw {InkvXo-b-a- mø {]h Ø\ ssien-tbmss Ncn{X hkvxp-x-isf Im n ]døn apt -dnb C y Hm Ø-tUmIvkv {Kq v Db Ønb sh phn-fn-iƒ bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k`bv v t\cn-sm-\m-bxv k t -iz-c-\mb sszhw AXpey {]Xn-`m-[-\-\mb t{ijvt ImtXm-en- m-_m-hm-bpss t\xrxzw k`bv p \ In-b-Xp-h-gn-bm-Wv. ASn-bp-d hnizm-khpw Bscbpw hio-i-cn- p kw`m-jw ssienbpw, A-\nXkm-[m-c-Wamb t\xrxz ]ms-hhpw ]cnip bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k`bv v `oj-wn-isf A\m-bmkw t\cn-sp- - Xn\v hf-sc-b-[niw klm-bn- p. Im \q m- n-tesd k`sb \bn- p-ibpw Znim-t_m[w hos -SpØv At ymjym ae- c _ w kpzr-v-am- p-ibpw \ne- \n Øp-Ibpw snøp t{ijvt ImtXm-en m _t -en-tbmkv txmakv {]Ya _mhm k`m-n-cn-{x-ønse Xnf-ßp Zo]-\m-f-am-Wv. sszh-øns ap n-cn-txm- nse \ CS-b-\mbn PohnXw XpSßn h - Xns ]utcm-lnxyw kph Æ Pq_nen BtLm-jn- p AXn-hn-in-jvShy- n-xz-øns DS-a-bmb t{ijvt ImtXm-en- m -_m-hbv v k sfiz-cyßfpw Bbp-cm-tcm-Kyhpw t\cp- p. t{ijvt ]nxm-hns t\xrxzw k`bv p Zo L-\mƒ \ I-W-sa v k t -iz-c-t\msv {]m n- p- p. k`bv v sszhw \ Inb t{ijvt hc-zm\w tpmbn s\ n- (k`m amt\-pnwkv IΩ n saº, P\. sk{i- -dn tp -ss_ v s^bvøv aqhvsa v, aqhm- p-]pg) ]utcm-ln-xy-kp-h Æ Pq_nen BtLm-jn- p t{ijvt ImtXm-en m _t -en-tbmkv txmakv {]Y-a _mh ae- c k`-bpss Pohm-flmhpw ]cam-flm-hp-am-wv. k`-bpss ]pcm-x-\-amb ]mc-º-cy-ønepw hnizmkmnm-c-ß-fnepw ASn-bp-d v hniz-kn- p-ibpw XymtKm-Pz-e-amb PohnXw sim v {]`m]q-cn-x-amb t\xr-xz-]m-shw sim pw bmt m- _mb k`bv v k -hn[ sfiz-cy-ßfpw t\sn-s m-spø Ejn-h-cy-\mWv t{ijvt _mh. k`m-hn-izm-kn-iƒ v th n PohnXw Dgn v hbv p-ibpw {]m -\-bnepw D]-hmk-Ønepw IqSn i n-{]m-]n v Xs hnizm-kn-isf t\ hgn-bn-te- v \bn- p-ibpw snøp t{ijvt _mh ]cnip bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k`bv v Fs pw A`n-am-\am-Wv. Atßb w hn\-bm-\z-x\pw, Btcbpw hio-i-cn- p kao-]-\-co-xn-bpap t{ijvt _mhmbpss kz ob hy nxzw bmt m-_mb k`bv v sszhw \ Inb hc-zm-\-am-wv. Cu kaq-l-øn {InkvXym\nIfpsS CS-bn am{x-a-, \m\m- Pm-Xn-a-X-ÿ-cpsS CS-bnepw Ffn-a-bpsS hnf-]min Hu -Xy-Øn-te-s -Ønb alm-{]-xn-`-bmwv t{ijvt _mh. hnizm-kn-isf kxy-hn-izm-k-øn Dd n- p- \n-dp-ø- -Xn\pw kxyw, [ Ωw, hnizm-kw, ]c-kv]c _lp-am-\w, {]m \m Pohn-Xw, kphn-tij {]tlm-j-ww, aqeym-[n-jvtn-x-po-hn-xw, \njvi-f- -a-t\m- `mhw F nh ]utcm-lnxy kph Æ Pq_nen BtLm-jn- p t{ijvt ]nxmhns apj-ap-{z-bm-wv. alm-]-u-tcmln-xy-øns knwl-`m-khpw k`sb hnp-b-i-c-ambn \bn- p-ibpw ]q -]n-xm- - m ImWn- p-x hgn-iƒ sh n-øp-d v ]cn-ip-z[ At ymjym knwlm-k-\hpw ae- -c-bnse ]cn. k`bpw XΩnep _ w i n-s -Sp-Øp-Ibpw snøp-i-sb alm-zuxyw hnp-b-i-c-ambn \nd-th n apt dp-ibpw snøp t{ijvt _mhm-bpss AN- -e-amb t\xrxz]mshw Cu temi-ap- n-s-tømfw k`-bpss Ncn-{X-Øn X -en-]n-i-fm Fgp-Xn-t s -Spw. FXn-cm-fn-I-fn t]mepw _lp-am\w DW Ø-Ø- -hn[w t{ijvt-amb kw`m-j-w-ssi-enbpw sszhm-\p-{k-l-øm t\sn-sb-spø s]cp-am ssienbpw bmt m-_mb k`bv v kaq-l-a- y-øn D -X-ÿm\w e`y-am- p- -Xn hfsc kzm[o\w snep-øn-bn- p- v. efn-x-amb Pohn-X-co-Xn-bpw, \nc- -c-amb {]m \mpo-hn-xhpw t{ijvt-_m-hmsb XnI pw hyxy-ÿ-amb hy n-xz- ]. k`bpw t{ijvt _mhbpw AΩnWn amxyp sndp-a- -Øn, aqhm- p-]pg (alnfm kam-pw, I -\msp `{Zm-k\ ssh. {]kn-u v) B_q tam _tk-en-tbmkv txmakv {]Y-a ImtXm-en _mhm-bpss ]utcm-lnxy kph Æ Pq_nen hnhn[ ]cn-]m-sn-i-tfmss ]cnip k` kap-nn-x-ambn BtLm-jn- p- p. Cu Ah-k-c-Øn t{ijvt _mhmbpw ]cn-ip- -k-`bpw XΩn hnizm-k-k-xy-ß-tfmsv F{X-tØmfw ]c-kv]c ]qc-i-ß-fmbn h Øn- p p F v Nn n-t - Xv kµ t`m-nn-x-am-bn-cn- pw. ]cn-ip k`sb \n Zbw X n- -d v A\y-k-`- I-fn-te pw Zp \-S- n-te pw tnt -dn-s m- n-cn- p k`m-a- sf c n- p-hm t{ijvt _mhm-xn-cp-ta\n \S- Øn-s m- n-cn- p {]m -\-I-fpw, D]-hm-k-ß-fpw, hnkva-cn- -Ø- -h-b-. t{ijvt ]nxm-hns Cu XymtKm- z-e-amb {]h Ø- \-ß-fmWv temi Ncn-{X-Øn aosx bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k`bv v D -Xamb ÿm\-øn\v A l-am-b-xv. IqSmsX At m. 6:4 - ]d-bp- -Xp-t]mse {]m -\-bnepw hn\ ip{iq-j-bnepw D n-cn- p hnizm-k-kw-c- -W-Øns Imh ZqX-\mWv t{ijvt _mh Xncp-ta-\n. Ahn-SpsØ XymtKm- z-amb {]h Ø-\-Øn ^ehpw {]m -\bv v t\cp DØ-c-ß-fp-amWv ]cn. k`bn thcp-d p Xg p hf p-sim- n-cn- p a Ø-a-dnbw h\n-xm-k-ampw, Fw.-sP.-F-kv.-F-kv.-F., bph apt - -Øn\mbn bqøv At m-kn-tb-j, hnizm-k-kw-c- -W-Øn-\mbn At ym-jy-hn-izmk kwc- -W-k-anXn XpSßnb k`-bnse t]mji {]ÿm-\-߃ k`m-x -Øns ^e-ambn ]q -s sszhm-e-b-߃ Xpd- p- -Xn-\mbn kz -Øns henb Xmt m-emb {]m -\, D]-hmkw F i n-bn ASnbp-d p \n p Ahn-SpsØ sszho-i-a-t\m-`mhhpw GXp I mb lrzbsøbpw sagp-ip-t]mse Aen-bn- p- Xpw hnizm-k-øn ASn-bp-d p \n p- -Xn-\p sszho-i-{]-tnm-z-\-hp-am-wv. Cßs\ t{ijvt ]nxm-hns sszho-i-amb \S-Øn pw ta t\m- -hpw, {]m -\-Ifpw ]cn. k`bv pw hnizmkn-i-fmb \Ωƒ pw \q m- p-iƒ A\p-`-hn- p-hm-\p `mkyhpw Ir]m-hchpw D m-it F v k t -iz-c-t\msv {]m n p- p. Øns DSa-bm- p {][m\ LS-I-ß-fm-Wv. ]cn-ip At ym-jym-a-e- c _ w Poh-hm-bp-t]mse a\- n kq n- p-ibpw ]cn-ip knwlm-k-\-øn\v A\p-Nn-X-ambn Hcp hm pt]mepw kwkm-cn- p-hm Btcbpw A\p-h-Zn- m-xn-cn- p-ibpw snøp t{ijvt _mhm-bpss hnin-jvthpw t{ijvt-hp-amb t\xrxzw bmt m-_mb k`bnse a ƒ v Fs pw A\p-{K-l-I-c-am-bn-h Øn- p- p. ]utcm-lnxy kph Æ Pq_nen BtLm-jn- p t{ijvt ImtXm-en _t -en-tbmkv txmakv {]Y-a _mhmbv v Bbn-c-am-bncw Biw-k-Iƒ t\ p-sim- p- p.

16 16 Congratulations to our beloved H.B Bava Thirumeni on is 50 th Priestly ordination Anniversary Paily Thomas and Family (Thomas, Joyamma, Reeba, Roy and Reny St. Thomas Syrian Orthodox Church Baltimore. Home parish St. John s JS Church Mulakkulam, Piravam) Best wishes to our beloved H.B Bava Thirumeni on is 50 th Priestly ordination Anniversary Unnikkuttan, Lysine, Reji and Justly Baltimore. (St. Thomas Syrian Orthodox Church Baltimore).

17 17 With Prayers & Best Wishes Bijou Var arghese Vettickamattom & family ( Kadathy) General Manager, Alghanim International Environmental Engineering Division KUWAIT Best Compliments & Prayers On the occasion of priesthood golden jubilee of Our Bava St. Thomas Syrian Orthodox Church, Baltimore, Maryland USA

18 18 ae- c bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpss AXp-ey-{]-Xn` k-xy-hn-izmk kwc- -W-Øn- \mbn ae- -c-bn-seßpw HmSn-sb-Øp hn{i-a-an- mø t{ijvt alm-{]-[m-\m-nm-cy - - I-Æp-\o-cn- \m k`sb \\- p-h-f Ønb B[q-\nI bmt m_v _p ±m-\- - lr-zb IÆp-Isf {]Im-in- n- p A\p-{K-lo-X-\mb [ym\-kp-cp {]ow-\-ønt\m `o -Wnt m hyxn-n-en- n- m-\m-imø Bflob ip{iq-j-i - -Po-hn-X-Ønse Hmtcm hn\m-gn-ibpw At ymjym knwlm-k-\-hp-am-bp Znhy-_- -Øn Ign-bp ae- -c-bpss hniz-kvx-am-\-k - -G-en-bm-sb-t mse hnizm-k-[o-c iap-th-en-s\-t mse ` m-t{k-k-c Ctøm_ns\-t mse ÿnc-am-\-k, item-tam-s\-t mse _p n-am, tbml- m-s\-t mse k\ym-kn... Nne Xf p, Nne \ncm-i-s - p, Nne amdn-\n- p, Nne HmSn-t m-bn, ]s AN- -e\pw, ÿnc-am-\-k-\p-amb I Ω-[o-c - -H- bv v ae- -c-k`m \uisb hnp-b-øn-tebv v \bn H -bmƒ ] mfw. P\-e- -ß-fpsS Pohn-X-hn-izm-k-Øn A\p-kva-cn- -s -Sp `mky-hm-\mb t{ijvt ImtXmen m _mh. "t{ijvt ]nxmth Aß-bpsS t{ijvthpw [\y-hp-amb ]utcm-ln-xy-pn-hn-x-øns I\I Pq_n-en v {_n -\nse am -Ã CS-h-I-bpsS {]m -\m-]q -amb Biw-k-Iƒ'. `c-w-k-an-xn- p-th n hnimcn X m-bøv Koh Kokv Iio», Icn-ßm- nd sk{i- dn tpm_n tpm \cn-th-en ]pø ]p-c-bn, IqØm- p-ipfw {Sj-dm sdpn txmakv aqew-ip-gn-bn aqhm- p-]pg St. Mary's Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church (Under the Holy Apostolic See of Antioch and All the East) Manchester UK 35 Sharp Street, Worsly Manchester M28 3XL Phone : , Worship at: St. Mary's Hospital Chapel, Oxford road Manchester. M13 9WL

19 19 aw Im v ] nbpss Ncn-{X-Ønse Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-amb Zn\-߃ APp- amxyp ap -bv (k`m amt\-pnwkv IΩn n saº, P\. sk{i- dn, ti^m) ae- c bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm-\n-k-`bpss t{ijvt ImtXm-en _mh Xncp-ta\n ]nxm-hns ta t\m- -Øn k`-bpss sb Nmcn- -_nƒ kwl-s-\. C v t{ijvt C v CXc ss{ikvxh hn`m-k-ßfn t]mepw Hcp-t]mse {i n- p-ibpw bv m-i-am\w A`n-am-\-am-bn- amdnbncn- p- \m\m-`m-k-ß-fnepw ]S v ] -en v k`- BZ-cn- p-ibpw snøp t{ijvt alm-]ptcm-ln-x-\m-wv. AXn\v \nzm-\-ambn Xo n- {]h Øn- p AΩ-hoSv F A\m-Ym- p. ti^mbpss B`n-ap-Jy-Øn cn- p- Xv At±-l-Øns PohnX hnip- ebw km[p- -fpss ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-øn\pw nbpw BZ i-]q Æ-amb Pohn- kwc- -W-Øn-\p-ambn {]h Øn- p Hcp XhpamsW v B pw kwi-b-an- mø alm-{]-ÿm\ambn C v ]. k`bv v Hcp Imcy-am-Wv. t{ijvt _mhm Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A`n-am-\-ambn \ne-sim- p-ibpw hf bpss ]S-hp-Iƒ Xm n-sim ncn p- p. IÆo-cn IpXn {]m \bpssbpw PohnX hnip- n-bp-ssbpw DØa DZm-l-c-Wambn Nq n-im-wn- m-hp kw`-h-amwv timfnepw s] v De-bp ae- -c- hnizm-k-hn-]-co-x-am-ip Im n-epw 2002 HmKÃv amkw 29 mw Xob-Xn aw Im v k`m\uisb k`m-am-xm-hns\t mse ] n-bn sa{xm I n-bpss IS- p-ib-dm\p {iaøn-s\-xnsc t{ijvt _mhm Xoc-Ø-Sp- n v t{ijvt _mhm-xn-cp-ta-\n v amtdmsv tn Ø-W v kxy-hn-izm-k-am-ip Xncp-ta\n \S-Ønb {]m -\m-]q Æ-amb ae- -c-k-`-bpss 'bmt m_v _p ±m\' F kl-\-k-a-cw. ]. sszh-am-xm-hns hnip- t{ijvt \maw ]. ]m{xn-b okv _mh -amb km n yw \nd- p-\n p \ In-b-Xn H pw AXn-i-tbm- n-bn-. aw ImSv ] n-bn sa{xm I- n-hn-`mkw t{ijvt _mhm-xn-cp-ta-\n Xs ]utcm-ln- ImtXm-en {]th-in- p-hm t]mip p Xy-Øns Pq_nen BtLm-jn- p Cu F hm Ø kxy-hn-izmkøn ASn-bpd v Xß-fpsS ]nxm- - m ImWn- p-x- - \nd Biw-k-Ifpw Ahn-SpsØ Bbp- ka-bøv t{ijvt ]nxm-hn\v lrzbw Xmb hn-izm-k-øns ]mx-bn, XymK- cm-tcm-ky-øn-\p-wth n Ahn-SpsØ a fmb \ap v Hcp-an v {]m n- mw. C v Øns ]Xm-I-bp-ta n \S- n-cp hnizmkn-iƒ v Xß-fpsS lrz-b-øn ]Xn \mw ImWp ae- -c-k-`sb si p-d- nepw Bg-ap Hcp apdn-hmbn amdn. Xß-fpsS A -S- -Ønepw hf Øn-sb-Sp-ØXv BSp-I-fpsS am\-kn-i-amb ZpJw a\- n- _mhm Xncp-a-\- nse Pohn-X-Xym-K-Øns bpw IÆo-cn IpXn {]m \bpw em n t{ijvt alm-]p-tcm-ln-x AhnSpsØ hm ey a -fpss ASptØbv v HmSn-sb-Øn. "Nne cy-ß-fnepw bmam-cw-`-ønepw \o Fgp-t v \ns H p-sim v am{x-am-wv. cm m-e-ß-fnepw Nne IpXn-c-I-fnepw B{i-bn- p- p. I Øm-hn-t\mSv \ne-hn-fn F B]vXhmIyw kz w Pohn-X-Øn sxfn-bn- p-im- Rßtfm Rß-fpsS sszh-amb btlm-hbnemwv B{i-bn- p- Xv' F p thz-hm- Wn Xm]-k-t{i-jvTs {]m -\m-po-hnxw IysØ B{i-bn v t{ijvt _mh Xncp-ta\n Cu temi-po-hn-x-øn\v amxr-i-bm- n- ]. azv_-lm-bn ap n-t \n v awn- qdp-i-tfmfw sszh-tømsv {]m n ImgvN hns Bbp-cm-tcm-Ky-Øn-\p-th n Øo mw. Hcn- IqSn t{ijvt]nxm- hfsc lrz-b-thz-\tbm-ss-bmwv \mw {]m n- p-i-bpw. ]. k`-bnse hnizm-kn- Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Z in- -Xv. t{ijvt _mhm Isf ]. At ym-jym-knw-lm-k-\-tømsv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS lrzbw XI p- -Xmb \m\m`mkøpw {]iv\-ap- m-ip-tºmƒ HmSnsb-Øp ti^m-bpss ÿm]-i- {]-kn- aw Im v ] n-bn F m HmKÃv 29\pw hm _mhm-xn-cp-ta-\n v Ign-b-s -sb v sim v I ]n- -X-\p-k-cn v C pw tn Øv k`sb ta p-ta hf Øp- IÆp-\o-cn IpXn {]m \ H p-sim- p-am-{x-awv k`m-n-cn-{x-øn Xs Hcp U m-bn-cp Imew snbvx ]pwy-t«m-i- kvtxm{x-{]m \ \S-Øn-h-cp- p. t{ijvt {]m n- p- p. Pq_nen BtLm-jn- p IdpØ A ym-b-ambn amdm-hp Hcp almhn-]øv amdn-t mbxv F v \ap v \nkw- HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øbpw s bpw I Ω-Ip-i-e-X-bp-sSbpw sxfn- ß-fp-sSbpw AΩ-ho-Sn-s bpw {]m -\m- \mb A`n. _\ym-an tpmk^v tam _mhm Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Zo L-ho- -W-Øn- t{ijvt ]nxm-hn\v ti^m-bpss F m AwKibw ]d-bm km[n- pw. A v _mhm D m-bn-cp- Xv Bth-i-tØm-Sp-IqSn am{xsa p-h sszh-am-xm-hns a y-ÿ-xbn ÿm]n-x-amb {]ÿm-\-amwv ti^m- Z-Øn ]q -amb Biw-k-Iƒ Ahn-SpØ Xr m- Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Iq -Øn k`-bpss Hm p-hm km[n- q. A v Xncp-a-\- p- ka n- p- p. kvt\l-]n-xmth Atß-bv mbv jnt\mjv h Kokv ^nen v s]m ] n \µn...\µn...\µn... kvxpxn t\cmipw kpdn-bm\n k`-x kvt\l-]n-xmhmw t{ijvt-]n-xmth Atß-a- ƒ snm p p XmXm A-tß- a- ƒ bmnn q tamzw Bbp-cm-tcmKy kujy-an-sx mw Acp-a-\m-Y\mw tbip-tz-h X \n-w-ta-inb Cu k`tb tabn- nsphm t\m n-`-cn- m k t -i Ir]-tb-In-S-t. _e-lo\ Zmk\mw tami-sb-t mƒ CS-b\mw _me Zmho-tZ-t m XmX hnfn t{ijvtm-nmcy a sf \nd- nsq hnizm-k-øm knwlm-k-\-߃ X dmwn-bmipw At ym-jym-bpss aip-s-a-xn tim`-tb-dp-s mcp amwn-iy-øn aptø RßsS kvt\l-\nt[ At ymjym X A[n-]-Xn-bmIpw C m-øn-tbmkv kmjm _mhm ae- -c-k-`-x `mkpc `mhn tim`-\-am n t{ijvt-]n-xm-hn [oc-x-tbm-sp ax-{]-kw-k-߃ Xo{hXtbm-Sp hnizm-k-po-hnxw KZvK-Z-tØm-Sp Ip m-\-b Ww a sf sszh-tøm-ssm- n p tn ØnSpw A F p snm n-bm AΩ-sb pw ]ns bpw snm nbm At ym-jy-sb pw ho p-a-xm-bm AΩ At ym-jy-sb pw G p-snm- n-sp knwlm-k\ ` m ]uckvxy tziamw ae- c X Imt\m-\n-I-am-bn pw ImtXm-enbv m _mhmbv v tamdm \ Inbt m bmt m_p _p ±m\ ÿm\øpw t{ijvt-]n-xmth B hnip- -t\-t m k`-sb \-bnbv p ]Øv \qdp-sim w Atß-a- ƒ A n- p- nxm Bbn-cambncw kvt\lkoxw hmgpi \owmƒ Cu k`-bn GIs Cui Ir]m-h-c-߃ Ipcym-t mkv timsd- n-kvtim aqe-bn _npp Ipcy ]pxp- n sjh]n.-hn.-tpm ]p -a w n. hn. aømbn Xpcp-Øp-tΩ txmakv Zm\n-tb dpn tn msv APp amxyp ap -bv t{ijvt ImtXm-en m _mhm Xncp-a-\- nse ]utcm-lnxy kph Æ Pq_nen BtLmj-ß-tfm-S-\p-_- n v hnizm-k-kw-c- -I {]kn- o-i-cn- p Cu {]txyi ]Xn- n\v ]cky-ß-fmepw D]-tZ-i-ß-fmepw klmb kl-i-c-w-߃ \ Inb F m-h-tcm-sp-ap kvt\l- _-lp-am-\m-z-c-hp-iƒ khn-\bw A n- -s. hnizm-k-kw-c- -Wk-an-Xn-bpsS h nwkv {]kn- U v A`n. Gen-bmkv tam AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm, hµy aqe-bn Ipcymt mkv timsd- n-kvtim- m, k`m-sk-{i- dn Xºp tpm Pv XpI-e, Fkv.-H.-kn.-Fw. t^mdw `mc-hm-ln-i-fmb txmakv Zm\n-tb, sdpn tn m-sv, _npp Ipcy amxyqkv, hnizm-k-kw-c- -I amt\-p sjh. ]n. hn. tpm ]p -a- w, k p-te-j amt\-p n. hn. aømbn Xpcp-ØptΩ, ti^m P\-d sk{i- dn APp amxyp ap -bv, hnizm-k-kw- -c- -I Hm^okv amt\-p _npp, Hm^okv Akn-à v \njm tdm_n, tkmp ^nen v F n-h-tcm- Sp \µnbpw IS- mspw \n o-a-am-wv. F m-h pw kvt\l-øns `mj-bn hn\o-x-amb \µn Adn-bn- p- p ṡjh-en-b _n_n G{_lmw IS-hpw-`mKw (No^v FUn- )

20 20 ]utcmlnxyøns kph Æ Pq_nen BtLmjn p bmt m_mb kpdnbm\n k`bpss t{ijvt ImtXmen m _tkentbmkv txmakv {]Ya _mhmbv v`ivxn\n `camb kvt\lmiwkiƒ _mh _ldn ] n kµ in- -t mƒ _ldn sk v ]ot kv bmt m_mb kpdnbm\n ] n hnimcn, amt\pnwkv IΩ n, CShImwK߃

21 21 t{ijvt ]nxm-hn\v Pq_nen Biw-k-Iƒ ae- -c-bpss bmt m_v _p ±m\ t{ijvt ImtXm-en B_q tam _tk-en-tbmkv txmakv {]Y-a _mhm Xncp-ta-\n v ]utcm-lnxy kph Æ Pq_nen Biw-k-Ifpw Bbp-cm-tcm-Kyhpw t\ p-sim v {]m -\-tbmss Cw - nse enh ]qƒ CS-hI St. Mary's Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church (Under the Holy Apostolic See of Antioch and All the East) P.O. Box 184, Liverpool UK. L26 1WY, Phone : , Fax Website- liverpool.com, stmaryschurchliverpool@hot .co.uk. Worship at: Stoneycroft Methodist Church, Old swan, Liverpool. L13 3BN H.G. Dr. Kuriakose Mor Theophilos (Patriarcial Vicar of Europe) Rev. Fr. Geevagis Thandayath (Vicar/President) Mr. George Paulose (Vice President) Vallosseril, Kolenchery Mr. Raju Paulose (Secretary) Amikara, Piravom Mr. Jose Mathew (Treasurer) Thayyil Vadakkethil, Kulanada Mr. Sabu Mambarambil, Manarcad Mr. James M Kosseril, Mulappuram Mr. Romy Paulose Cheerakathottathil, Adimali Mr. Boby George Vandanathil, Kolencherry With Best Compliments from: Managing Committee Mr. Bikku. K. Chirakuzhiyil, Manganam No^v FUn- : sjh._n_n G{_lmw IShpw`mKw, ]pfn- I-he ]n.-h.,hmgq Ph: , , , Sponsored by: Mor adai Study Center editor@viswasasamrakshakan.org abrahambibby@yahoo.com