ImtXm-en-t - ns Imh `-S

Transcription

1 am HutK _mh ImtXm-en-t - ns Imh `-S (Po-h-N-cn-{Xw) si. hn. amω {]km-[-i tim -bv ]ªo-tjgvkv amßm-\w, tim -bw - 18 hne: 50 cq] MAR AUGEN BAVA The Guard of Catholicate (Biography) By K. V. Mammen, Kottackal, Kottayam - 18 Ph: Third Impression : Dec. 8, 2000 Copy Right : Author DTP & Printing : Sophia Books, Kottayam Ph: Cover Design : Beam Communications, Kottayam Rs. 50.

2 D -S w Biwi ]. ImtXm-en m _mhm 4 apj-hpc 6 aq mw ]Xn- n\v A`n-\-µ-\w 7 Ah-Xm-cn-I 10 A\p-kva-c-Ww IpSpw-_hpw _mey-im-ehpw hnzym-`ymkw HutK dºm kphn-tij hnzym-`ymk {]h Ø\\nc-X sa{xm-t m-eoøm ]ndhw a ±\w \mem-asø ImtXm-en m ImtXm-en m am m m kw`m-jww FtXym-]y kp -l-tzmkv am tøm-ωm-bpss Xncp-ti-jn v Hcp hymg-h- - mew ]ptcm-k-xnbpw hne-ßp-x-sn-ifpw ]m{xn-b o-kns m\-øn\v CXp-aXn A\-[n-IrX sa{xm- m v \ntcm-[-\m `mkyhm\mbn IS- p-t]mbn sxm p-\n- -h ti Xpw I Xpw F m-h pw \ amxri ].- Hu-tK _mhmbpw tims-\m v kotbm B{i-ahpw ] nbpw Fs ÿm\hpw Poh\pw t]mbmepw k`m kzmx{ yw If- p-ip-fn- n kwkm-cn- p Nn{X-߃ 145 Biwk \ΩpsS ap Km-an-bm-bn-cp ]cn-ip HutK {]Y-a ImtXmen m _mhm-bpss ]cn-jvi-cn Poh-N-cn-{X-amb ""ImtXm-en-t - ns Imh `S '' F kap-nnx \mat[-b-øn-ep ]pkvxiw, At±l-Øns Nca cpx Pq_n-en-tbm-S-\p-_- n p {]kn- -s -Sp-Øp- - Xn AXn-bmb kt m-j-ap- v. Zo L-Imew adp-`m-køp \n -tijw DØa t_m[y-tømss ImtXm-en-t - ns\ kzoi-cn- m ss[cyw Im nb Xncp-ta\n ImtXm-en-t - n-s bpw ae- c k`-bpssbpw kzmx- { y-øn-\p-th n AN- -e-\mbn \ne-sim p. ] n-wnbpw I - mspw FXn pw a ±-\hpw {]tem-`-\-ßfpw H pw C m-cy-øn Xncp-ta- \n-bpss ZrV-\n- -bsø eh-teiw kv] in- n. {]m -\bpw t\mºpw D]-hm-khpw apj-ap-{z-bmb Xncp-ta\n C me-b-f-hn kpdn-bm\n {KŸ-߃ X a snbvxpw a pw \ΩpsS Bcm-[-\m -kmln-xysø ]cn-t]m-jn- n- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. Hcp \nanjwt]mepw ]mgm msx kabw ]c-am-h[n {]tbm-p-\-s -Sp-Ønb ]nxmhv \ap-s mw \ amxri Xs -bmwv. am txmωm-bpss A -kvtxmen-ixzw, knwlm-k\w, al-ømb ]mc-ºcyw F o Imcy-ß-fn H pw hn pho-gvnbv v At±lw Xøm-dm-bn-. ae- c k`bpambp _ -Øn\v At ym-iy-bn Zo L-Imew Xma-kn v At\z-jW ]T\w \S-Øn-bn pw bmsxmcp dn m Upw ImWm km[n- mø ].- _m-hm, am tømωm «olm Hcp siωm-» t]m-ep-a-s p ]d psim v bmt m_v XrXo-b ]m{xn-b okv Zp e ytømss mw \º Iev]\ Ab- -t mƒ AXp XnI thz-hn-]-co-x-am-sw pw Xs Poh t]mbmepw am tøm-ωm-bpss ÿm\øn\pw knwlm-k-\-øn\pw FXn-cmb \o -ßsf i nbp w FXn p-sa pw ImWn v ]m{xn-b okv _mhmbv v i - amb adp-]sn \ In. ae- -c-bn ImtXm-en m knwlm-k\ ]p\xÿm]-\-øn\p {ian- -h-cn {]ap-j\pw ]fin-x\pw {InkvXob hn\-b-øns \nd-ip-shp-amb ].- Hu-tK _mhm-bpss Cu Poh-N-cn{Xw k`mw-k-߃ v IqSp-X {]tbm-p-\-i-chpw {]tnm-z-\-i-chpw Bbn-cn- p-sa- p Xn\p c p-]- -an. {KŸ-I Øm-hmb si. hn. amωs Cu ]cn-{i-asø \mw A`n-\-µn- p-ibpw Bio h-zn- p-ibpw snøp-i-bm-wv.

3 5 sszhw A\p-{K-ln- -s. tim bw _t en-tbmkv am tømωm amxyqkv ZznXo-b ImtXm-en m _mhm tims-\msv _t -en-tbmkv HutK ]ªnIv kviqfns DZvLm-S\w ]. am tømωm amxyqkv ZznXo-b ImtXm-en m _mhm \n -ln- p- p. 6 apj-hpc ]cn-ip HutK {]Y-a ImtXm-en m _mhm-bpss Nca cpx Pq_n-en-tbm-S-\p-_- n v ""]. -Hu-tK _mhm: ImtXm-en-t - ns Imh `S '' F ]cn-jvi-cn Poh-N-cn{Xw aq mw ]Xn- mbn Cd- m km[n- -Xn koam-xo-x-amb kt m-j-ap- v. Hcp hnhm-z-]p-cpj-\m-bn-cp _mhm-bpss bym Nn{Xw, Poh-N-cn-{Xw, injy-{]-ap- J-\mb tim\m v G{_lmw aev]ms AXyp- z-e-amb Ah-Xm-cn- I, ss{]h- v sk-{i- -dn-bm-bn-cp ImtXm-en-t v Ac-a\ amt\-p ^m. Sn. Pn. kj-dn-bm-bpss A\p-`-h-k-º- -Xbn \n p P\n "A`n- \-µ\w,' sxm -Sp-Øp-\n- -h ti Xpw I Xpw apx-em-b-h -tn Øm- WnXp {]kn- -s -Sp-Øp- -Xv. Im \q- m p apºv {]kn- -s -Sp-Ønb ""am HutK ImtXm-en m _mhm'' F ]pkvx-i-øn \n p ImX-emb Imcy-߃ am{xta Dƒs m- n- n- p- p. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS IpSpw_ Ncn-{X-sØ- n AXns FUn- -dmb s{]m^. Sn. Fw. ss]en Fgp-Xnb tej-\hpw IpSpw-_-tbmKw {]kn-u mb dh. ^m. kn. si. G{_lmw Fgp-Xnb ""tims-\msv B{i-ahpw ] nbpw'' F tej-\hpw sxm p \n -h-cpss km y-ßfpw tum. txmakv am AØm-\m-tkymkv sa{xm-t meo-øm-bpss ""hgn-hn CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ {]iv\w kr n- p p'' F {it -b-amb tej-\hpw ""ImtXm-ent - ns Imh `-Ss\'' hf-sc-b-[niw hn m\{]z-amb Hcp ]pkvx- I-am- n-bn- ps mwv Rm hniz-kn- p- Xv. k t m-]cn ]cn-ip _t -en-tbmkv am tømωm amxyqkv ZznXo-b ImtXm-en m _mhm-bpss Biwk Cu ]pkvx-i-øns Xne-I- m Øm-sW p \µn]q w ]d-bp- -Xn\v Gsd kt m-j-ap- v. HutK _mhm-bpss kvac-wsb ssnx\y[\y-am- n-s m v k`-bpss \ -bv p-th n Cu \ B ym-flni kzysbmcp- m km[n- -Xn F\n v Im\mhnse hncp phmgn-sb-t mse hf-sc-b-[niw Nmcn-Xm y-ap- v. kzybpss N -h- -ß-fn t\csø h Ipdhpw h n- p-s - n kwkvimc kº- -cmb k`mw-k-߃, sa -s ho v Bkz-Zn- -hsc-t mse Icp-Xp-sa- p {]Xo- -bp-ap- v. ]pkvxi {]kn- o-i-c- WsØ t{]m m-ln- n tims\m v XpcpØn tn m-ip-f-øpw-ic dh. ^m. kn. si. G{_-lm-an\pw Xpcp-Øn-bn IpSpw-_mw-K-߃ pw "A`n-\-µ\w' Fgp-Xnb dh.- ^m. Sn. Pn. kj-dnbmbv pw a pw \µntc-j-s -Sp-Øn-s m v ""ImtXm-en-t - ns Imh `Ss '' a[y-ÿ- X-bn Rm\pw A`bw txsp-i-bmwv. amß-m-\w si. hn. amω, tim -bv tim bw. Unkw-_, 8, 2000

4 7 8 aq mw ]Xn- n\v A`n-\-µ\w ae- -c-k-`-bnse F m-h pw Hcpt]mse kzoim-cy-\mb ImtXmen- mbpw AXp-ey-\mb kpdn-bm\n `mjm ]fin-x\pw Ejn-h-cy\pw Fs A`n-hµy Kpcp-`q-X-\p-amb ]. HutK {]Y-a _mhm-bpss Poh- N-cn-{X-Øns ]cn-jvi-cn aq mw-]-xn v Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Nca hm jni cp-x-pq-_nen Zn\-Øn IqSp-X ]S-ßfpw hnh-c-ßfpw k t m-]cn Ia-\o-b-amb NXp h Æ apj-nn-{xhpw tn Øv ""ImtXm-en-t - ns Imh `S- '' F DNn-X-\m-a-tØmSp IqSn {]kn- o-i-cn- p- -Xn F\n v AXn-bmb kt m-j-ap v. Hcp siωm-i-\m-bn-cn- p-tºmƒ Xs 1905 ioa-bn FØp-Ibpw Zo L-Imew Ahn-sS-bp hnhn[ B{i-a-ß-fn Xma-kn- p-ibpw In m-hp {X kpdn-bm\n {KŸßƒ hmbn p sszh-imkv{xønepw kpdn-bm\n `mj-bnepw Ah-Kmlw t\sp-ibpw snbvx-ti-j-amwv aømbn siωm-i sshzn-i BImsX k\ymkn F \ne-bn dºm ÿm\w kzoi-cn- -Xv. ]pcm-x-\-amb At ym-iy kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpss Ncn-{Xhpw cm{ ob Np p-]m-snepw a pw Xosc own pt]mb Nn{Xhpw k`m- y- - m-cpss XΩn-e-Snbpw At±l-Øn\p icn p a\- n-em- m km[n- p. AXp ae- c k`bv p {]Xy- -ambpw ]tcm- -ambpw {]tbm-p\w snøp-ibpw D m-bn. Hcp {]txyi kml-n-cy-øn ae- ck`-bpss B ym-flni ]c-am-[n-imcw \ -s ] m-ø-e-øn, ae- ck`-bpss ]ptcm-k- Xn pw kzmx-{ y-øn\pw th n t] jy-bn \n p-t]mb ImtXm-en m knwlm-k\w B k`-bp-ambn ae- ck`-bv p BZy-Ime _ sø ap \ndpøn ae- -c-bn ]p\-ÿm-]n pin m k`mt\xm- ƒ hmrvon psim n-cp ImeL hpw. At ym-iy-bn c p ]m{xn-b o-k- m D m-bn. PqWn-b ]m{xn-b o-kmb A_vZp Xp n kp Øms ]n pwtbmss -ko-\n-b ]m{xn-b o-kmb A_vtZZv ain-lmsb A[n-Im-c-Øn \n p am n \n Øn-bn-cp p. ImtXm-en m knwlm-k\w, Xs A[n-Im-chpw BZm-bhpw C m-xm n ]p\-ÿm-]n- m A_vZp m ]m{xn-b okv hnap-j-\m-bn-cp p. Cu bmym y߃ a\- n-em n ae- ck`-bpss c bv p ImtXm-en m ÿm]\w D m-iw-sa- n ]cn-ip- -\mb A_vtZZv ain-lmsb Wn- pibmwp th -sx pw At±-lw aps- -s h\m-sw {]Nm-cWw si piy-bm-sw pw h -t»-cn Koh-dp-Kokv am Znh- m-tkym-kn\v dºm- FgpXn. Cu FgpØv ImtXm-en m knwlm-k\ ]p\xÿm]\ {ia-øn G s - ncp ae- ck`m t\xm- -fpss \odn- p- I psim n-cp lrz-b-ß-fn Xpjmc h jw s]mgn p F p- ]- dbp- -Xmhpw icn. Xs ]nxm-hns Kpcp-`q-X-\m-bn-cp I -\msv `{Zmk\ sa{xm-t m-eo-ømsb 1912 H mw ImtXm-en- m-bmbn \ncww henb ] n-bn h p hmgn- -t mƒ HutK dºm- Xs tae-[n- Im-cn-bmb ]ueqkv am AØm-\m-tkym-kns hne v Hcp ]qam-ebmbn IW- m n Ncn{X {][m-\-amb B NS-ßn kk-t mjw kw_- n p. ae- -c-bn ImtXm-en m knwlm-k\w Bh-iy-am-sW- p At±-l-Øns B{K-l-Øn\v CXn IqSp-X F p sxfn-hp -th-ww? k`-bpss ka-{k- ]p-tcm-k-xn p kam-[m\w A\n-hm-cy-am-sW v Bflm -ambn Nn n- p-ibpw {]h Øn- p-ibpw snbvx HutK am Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm Bep-h-mbn \S-Ønb AXn km-l-kn-i-amb A na {iaw adp-]- -Øns \n -l-i-cww aqew \new- ]-Xn- -t mƒ Hcp \nan-jhpw ImØp\n msx 1942 I -\msv `{Zmk\w apgp-h tn v ImtXm-en- msb aqhm- p-]pg h v kzoi-cn- Xp k`m Ncn-{X-Ønse Hchnkva-c-Wob kw`-h-amwv. ]n osp kap-zmb tikn ImtXm-en m I n txm -t mƒ I -\msv `{Zm-k\Ønse an ] n-ifpw sa{xm-t m-eo-ømsb ssihn- p! {]m \, D]-hm-kw, [ym\w, hmb-\, FgpØv, ]T\w F n-h-bn apgp-in-bn-cp HutK am Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm, Xs hnfn- -h\n apdp-si- n-sn psim v ] n-wnbpw a ±-\hpw kln p apt m- p-t]mbn. C m-e-l- -Øn At±-l-Øns injy-\mbpw sk{i- -dn-bmbpw {]h Øn- m-\p Akp-e` `mkyw F\n p e`n p. Hc - Øn Fs Pohn-X-Ønse kt m-j-ß-fpss kpzn-\-ß-fm-bn-cp p A m-e-l- w. bmx-\-i-fnepw thz-\-i-fnepw skbv v t]mfn-s\-t mse kt m-jn- m sszhw -C-S-\ Inb I\-Im-h-k-c-߃. GXp ` \pw ASn-sX nt mim-hp hmkvzm-\-ßfpw {]tem-`-\-ßfpw {]I-º\w sim n- n pw Xnc-pta\n AN- -e-\mbn \nesim p. BtcmSpw ]cn-`htam {]Xn-Imc Nn tbm IqSmsX Xncp-ta\n tim -bøv h v sshzni skan-\mcn {]n kn-, Xpº-a `{Zm-k-\m-[n-], \nbp ImtXmen m, ImtXm-en m F o ÿm\-߃ ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn Ae- -cn- -t mƒ X n- -f I v aqe- - mbn F thz-h-n\w IqSp-X A\z -ambn-txm n. HutK Xncp-ta\n tim -bøv skan-\mcn {]n kn- -embn h tijamwv At±-l-Øns sk{i- -dn-bm-bn-cp Rm ]. _t -en-tbmkv Koh-dp-Kokv c m-a ImtXm-en m _mhm-bpss sk{i- -dn-bmbn Npa-

5 9 10 Xe F p- -Xv. ]. _mhm-bpss sk{i- -dn-bm-bn-cp Uo ]n. kn. Cu D]-cn-]-T-\-Øn\p t]mb-t m-ƒ Hgnhp h B ÿm\-tø mwv Rm \ntbm-kn- -s - -Xv. Aßs\ aqhm- p-]p-g-bnse Xmakw tim -bsø k`m ti{µ-øn FØp- -Xn-\p ]cn-io-e\ Ime-am-bncp- p. Fs Bflob hf bv pw Db bv pw {]m \m a - mcm-bn-cp Cu c p _mhm-am-cpss IqsS-bp hmkw hf-sc-b-[niw klmbn- p. Xncn- p-t\m- p-tºmƒ sszhw \S-Ønb hgn-iƒ F{Xtbm A p-x-icw F v Nn n- p-i-bm-wv. ]. HutK _mhm-bpss PohnXw F pw Hgp- n-s\-xnscbp \o em-bn-cp- p. F m {]Xn-_- -ß-sfbpw i n-tb-dnb {]hm-l-ß-sfbpw apdn psim v B PohnX\uI e y-øn-se-øn. _mhm-sb- n Ahiyw Adn- n-cn-t Xpw CXp-hsc shfn w ImWm-Ø-Xp-amb ]e kwk-xn-ifpw Cu ]pkvx-i-øn k n-th-in- n n-cn- p {KŸ- I Øm-hmb si. hn. amω k`sb kw_- n- n-s-tømfw A`n-\-µ- \o-b-amb Hcp tkh-\-amwv snbvxn-cn- p- -sx v H pw {]iwk IqSmsX km y-s -Sp-Øm F\n v km[n- pw. ]. HutK _mhm ImtXm-ent - ns Imh `St\m As - n Imh amem-jtbm BsW- p hkvxpx A\p-hm-N-I v \njv{]-bmkw a\- n-em- m-\m-ipw. At±-l- Øns {]m \ F pw \ap p tim -bm-bn-cn- pw. tim bw ^m. Sn. Pn. kj-dnb amt\-p ImtXm-en-t v Ac-a\ Ah-Xm-cnI tbip{in-kvxp-hns ]{ v A kvtxme m-cn Hcm-fmb am tømam- «o-lm-bm ÿm]n- -s ]uckvxy Hm ØtUmIvkv kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpss {]Ya ti{µ-am-bn-cp FtU- m-bn \n p Ime- N-{I-KXn-b-\p-k-cn p ]n m-eøp t] jym-cm-pysø skeqiym, sx{kokv, aqk XpSßnb ti{µ-ß-fn-te p am -s -Sp-I-bpw, 19- mw \q m- ns A y-tøm-s-spøv AhnsS ]n Xp-S m-cn- msx Ahti-jn- bpw snbvx ]uckvxy ImtXm-en m knwlm-k-\w, AXns `c-w-]-cn-[n-bn Xs Dƒs - n-cp ae- -c-bn-tebv v am nÿm-]n- -s - -ti-jw, B knwlm-k-\-øn BcqV-\mb \memasø ImtXm-en- m-bm-wt m `mky-kva-c-wm l-\mb ]. HutK {]Y-a _mhm Xncp-ta\n. ae- ck`-bpss ]q -Im-e-N-cn{Xw hni- I-e\w snbvxp ]cn-tim-[n- p ] w, AXXp ImeØp ae- c sa{xm-t m-eoøm F \ne-bn-tem, ]uckvxy ImtXm-en m F \ne-bntem F mw Cu k`-bpss t\xr-ÿm-\øp hcp-hm-\n-s-bm-bn- p ]nxm- - m-cn Hmtcm-cp-Ø pw, Xß-fpsS ImeØp Nne {][m\ {]iv\-ßsf t\cn- v, Cu k`sb icn-bmb {InkvXo-b- ]m-c- º-cy-Øn ÿnc-s -Sp-Øp- -Xn-\p sszh-\n-tbm-k-ap- m-bn-cp p F p txm m-hp- -Xm-Wv. Cu ]mc-º-cy-a-\p-k-cn v ]. HutK {]Y-a _mhmbv p t\cnts- n-h {]iv\w, ]uckvxy Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpss ÿm]-i\pw AXns {]Ya alm-]p-tcm-ln-x-\p-am-bn-cp am tømam- «o-lm-bpss ]utcm-ln-xyw, knwlm-k-\w, ]uckvxy ImtXm-en- mbv p Xs `c-w-ko-a-bn F.- Un se bdp-itew kp -ltzmkp apx ss{ikvx-h-tem-i-am-i-am\w kω-xn- p-sim-sp-øn-cp Bflo-bhpw euin-i-hp-amb ]c-am-[n-imcw F n-h-bm-bn-cp- p. _mly- Zr- n-bnepw km[m-cw s]cp-am- -Ønepw hf-sc-b-[niw hn\o-x-\mbn ImW-s - n-cp Xncp-ta-\n, sszh-\n- -b-{]-imcw Xs \nb-{ -W- Øn h p-tn k`-bpss {InkvXob ]mc-º-cy-a-\p-k-cn- p kzmx{ yw tnmzyw-sn-ø-s -Sp {]iv\sø A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t - nh- -t mƒ G w {]_-e\pw \n b-zm Vy-ap- -h-\p-ambn ImW-s - Sp-I-bm-Wp- m-b-xv. Hcp hn[-øn ]d- m Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS s]cp-am- -Ønepw kwkmc-øn-ep-sa mw k {X apg- p-\n- n-cp AXn-cp-I-hn hn\-b-kz`mh-at C sø Cu k`m-{]-xn-k- n p ap ssi FSp- p-hm Nne t\xm- - m p t{]c-i-ambn `hn- -sx- p-t]mepw Nne-t mƒ F\n p txm m-dp- v. _mly-amb {]uvn-bnepw BUw-_-cß-fnepw

6 11 12 \ns mw Ign-bp- {X Hgn- p-am-dn, XnI pw efn-x-amb Pohn-X- Ncy kzoi-cn ncp Xncp-ta-\n, ]uckvxy ImtXm-en- mÿm-\-tø-bv p Xnc-s -Sp- -s kw`-hw, Cu k`-bn Xncp-ta- \nsb ASp-Ø-dn-bm-hp ]e pw XnI pw A{]-Xo- n-x-am-bn-cp- p. B Ime-Øv, Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ap Km-an-bm-bn-cp ]. Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b _mhm Hcn- AXn-s\- p-dn p t\c-tºm- mbn ]d Hcp Imcyw Rm Hm p- p. ""Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm- k Ym Cu ÿm\-øn\p tbmky-\m-wv. F m At±-l-Øn\p hn\bw Ipsd IqSp-X-em-bn-t mbn Fs mcp tzmjta D p'' F m-bn-cp p AXv. Xncp-ta-\n-bn hnf-ßn-bn-cp Cu AXn-hn-\-bw, Xß-fpsS A[n- Im-c-tam-l-߃ Cu k`-bn ASn-t -ev]n- p-hm ImØn-cp- -h v Hcp kµ `-ambn txm n-bn-cn- -Ww se k`m kam-[m-\-øn- \p-tijw A[n-I-Imew Ign-bp- -Xn\p ap ]p-x-s, ]. Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b _mhmbv v ]. ]m{xn-b o-kv _m-hm, am txmωm -«olm-bpss knwlm-k-\-øn Bcq-V-\mb F hnti-jww D]-tbm- Kn- p-i, ImtXm-en- msb ""]cn-ip '' His Holiness F p hntijn- n- p-i, se t] -dns Xe-s v Nph ajn-bn A -Sn- pi F o ]Xn-hp-Isf tnmzyw snbvxp-sim v Hcp Iev]\ Ab-bv p- Ibp- mb hnhcw kp{]-kn- -am-w-t m. AXn\v DS Xs _mhm Xncp-ta\n X -Xmb Hcp adp-]sn Ab-bv p-ibpw, AtXm-Sp-IqSn B {]iv\w ]n osv D -bn- -s -SmsX Ah-km-\n- p-ibpw snbvxn-cp- - Xm-Wv. F m ]. HutK _mhm Xncp-ta-\n- knw-lm-k-\m-cq-v-\m-bt mƒ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS AXn-hn-\-bw, CuZri Imcy-ß-fpsS D]-tbmKw Xs ap Kman kzoi-cn- n-cp ]Xn-hn \n p Ipsd-sb mw Ipd-hpsN-øm Xncp-ta-\nsb t{]cn- n- p. am tømam -«o-lm-bpss knwlmk-\-øn Bcq-V-\mb F hnti-j-ww, ]uckvxy ImtXm-en m F HutZym-Kn-I-\n-e-bn ]pd-s -Sp-hn- p Nne s]mxp-i-ev]-\-ifn am{xw D]-tbm-Kn- pi F coxn Ah-ew-_n- p. ]m{xn-b okv _m-hmbv v h -t mgpw IØp-I-sf-gp-tX- n-h- m, A -Sn se t]- D]-tbm-Kn- msx kpdn-bm-\n-bn kz w ssi -S-bn Fgp-Xpw. Fgp-Øns ASn-bn kz w t]cn-t\msp tn Øv ""hn\o- X-Zm-k '' F pw a pw Fgp-Xp-Ibpw snøpw ]m{xn-b okv -_mhm ChnsS k n-ln-x-\m-bn-cp kµ `-Øn-epw, Xncpta\n Uam-kvIkpw a pw kµ in- -t mgpw ]m{xn-b o-kv -_m-hmbpss ASp-Øp s]cp-am- -Øn, X\n p kzm`m-hn-i-amb Cu AXnhn-\bw ImWn- n-cp- p. CsX mw I -t mƒ ap ]v Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXob _mhm-bpss t\sc Hmßn-bn pw hnet m-im-xn-cp- -hmƒ, Ct mƒ ^en-t - p-sa p kwibw txm n-bn-cn- -Ww. ChnsS Nne-cp-sSsb mw t{]cwbpw AXns ]n n-ep- m-bn-cn- mw. Aßs\ c maxpw B hmƒ {]tbm-kn- -s -Sp-hm-\n-S-bm-bn. ]t CØ-hW ap Btcm-]-W-ßsf Ihn \ne-bn, am tømam-«o-lmbv p ]utcmln-xyw -t]m-ep-an- m-bn-cp p F X\n thz-hn-]-cn-x-tøm-sp-iq-sn-bm- Wv AXp hoin Fdn- -Xv. F m Cßs\ c mw {]mhiyw Npg n Fdn-b-s B hmƒ, Dt±-in- n-søv Dt±-in \ne-bn G n F p am{x-a-, AX-b ÿm\øp Xncn- p-sn p sim p-ibpw snbvxp. AXn-cp-I-hn hn\o-x th k-a-bøp ]md-t]mse Dd p \n psim v B hmƒ Xncnsb ]mbn- p-i-xs snbvxp. Hcp {InkvXym-\n-bpsS k -{]-[m\ Bbp-[-am-Ip D]-hm-khpw {]m -\bpw C{X \njvt-tbm-sp-iqsn A\p-j-vTn- p as mcp hy nsb F\n p ImWp-hm km[n- n- n-. F m bma-{]m -\- Ifpw an -hmdpw AXXp ka-b-øp-xs Xncp-ta\n hfsc \njvtbmbn \S-Øp-am-bn-cp p. t\mºp-im-e-øv, {]txy-in v aq p -t\m- ºnepw hen-b -t\m-ºn-epw, hnip k`-bpss icn-bmb \nb-a-a\p-kcn- v, Hcp- t\cw am{xta At±lw Blmcw Ign- n-cp- p p. aq p awn-bm-ip-tºmƒ Ccp-]-Øn-c- -c-bpss {]m \ cl-ky-ambn \S- Øn-b-tijw Nne-t mƒ Hcp ]m{xw Poc-I-sh- w- am{xw IpSn- pw. k ym-{]m -\-bv p-tijw Aev]w s]msn-b-cn- - nbpw IpSn- pw. a p t\mºp-i-fnepw an -hmdpw aq p- a-wn-hsc-bpw, Ipd- -] w D -h-sc-sb- n-epw, D]-hm-k-a-\p-jvTn- pw. hn. k`-bnse s]mxp-hmb A p t\mºp-iƒ p ]pdta ]e-t mgpw {]txyi t\mºp-ifpw A\pjvTn- pam-bn-cp- p. {]mbm-[niyw sn p imco-cn-i-ambn hfsc Ahi-\m-Ip- Xp hsc Ch-sb mw hfsc IrXy-am-bn-Øs A\p-jvTn- n-cp- p. t\mºn- mø Ime-ß-fnepw Xncp-ta\n hfsc elp-hmb ]Zm -߃ am{xw, AXpw hfsc anx-ambn am{xw Ign- p {]Ir- X- -mc-\m-bn-cp- p. Zo L-Imew Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS IqsS hfsc ASpØp s]cp-am-dn-bn- p Fs kz Zr n-bn ImWp-hm Ign- n- p- h-bm-wn-sx- mw. hmb-\-bnepw ]T-\-Øn-epw, {]txy-in v thz-im-kv{x-]-c-amb hnjb-ß-fpss ]T-\-Øn, Xncp-ta\n AXo-h-X-ev]-c\pw ÿntcm- m-lnbp-am-bn-cp- p. hfsc Xnc-t -dnb {]h Ø-\-߃ n-s-bn t]mepw, e`y-am-ip CS-th-f-I-fn, hmb-\-bn apgp-in-bn-cn- p- Xp ImWmw. tihew \memw- t^m-dw- hsc am{xta Xncp-ta\n Cw ojv ]Tn- n-cp- p p. Cw o-jn Fgp-Xp-hm\pw kwkm-cn- p-hm\pw {]bm-k-hp-ambn-cp- p. F nepw F{X Bi-b-kw-]p- -amb Cw ojv {KŸ-ßfpw hmbn p {Kln p-hm-\p Akm-am\y Ign-hp- m-bn-cp- p. kpdn-bm-

7 13 14 \n-`m-j-bn At±-l-Øns PohnXIme-Øv, Cu \m nepw kndn-bm - \m- n t]m-epw, C{X XnI ]mfin-xy-ap- -h thsd D m-bncpt m F p kwi-b-amwv. kpdn-bm-\n-`mj C{X hnzkv -ambn ssiimcyw snøp CXc hy n-i-sf- p-dn v B[p-\n-I-Im-eØv F\n- -dn-bp-hm Ign- n- n-. am {KntKm-dn-tbm-kv _m F{_mb BZn-bmb Nne ]q -]n-xm- - m Ign- m, ]n X-e-ap-d-I-fn Fgp-t - n- p AXn-hn-Z-Kv -\mb Hcp kpdn-bm\n `mjm-]-fin-x-\mbn-cp p Xncp-ta-\n. Cu \m nepw ioa-cm-py-ß-fnepw Xs ImeØp e`y-am-bn-cp kie kpdn-bm\n thz-im-kv{x -{K-Ÿ-ßfpw At±lw hmbn p ]Tn- n- p mbn-cp- p. CXn-s -sb mw ^e-ambn hnhn[ hnjb-ß-sf- p-dn v At±lw cnn- n p {KŸ-ßfpw hnh Ø\ {KŸßfpw C v k`bv v Hcp imiz-x-\n[n-bm-wv. ]. _mhm- Xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-am-bp _ w Fs ssii-h-imew apx Xs Bcw-`n- -Xm-Wv. A v At±lw HutK dºm-\m-wv. F m Fs IpSpw-_-hp-am-bp At±-l-Øns _ w AXn\pw ]e kwh- -c-߃ ap t] Bcw-`n- -Xm-Wv. sndp- -Im-e-Øp-Xs At±lw sshzni hnzym-`ym-k-øn-\p-th n BZyw injy-s - Xv Fs hµy-]n-xm-hn-\m-bn-cp- p. hfsc Npcp-ßnb Ime-L- w-sim p kpdn-bm-\n-`m-j-bnepw ] n- ip-{iq-j-i-fnepw kmam\yw \ hypev]øn kºm-zn- -ti-jw, kpdn-bm\n ]T\w Xev mew \ndp-ønh- n v Cw ojv ]T-\-Øn-\mbn tim bw Fw. Un. skan-\m-cn-bn tn p. \memw-t^m-dw -hsc ]Tn- -tijw At±-l-Øn\p kpdn-bm\n `mj-tbmspw Cu k`m-hn-izm-km-nm-c-ß-tfmspw txm n-bn-cp AXncp-I-hn BZ-c-hns ^e-ambn hnip- -\m-sp-iƒ kµ in- -W-sa v B{Klw txm p-i-bpw, Aßs\ tihew Ccp-]Xp hb- p-am{xw {]mb-ap aømbn siωm-i ]e-kvxo \m- n-tebv p ]pd-s -Sp- Ibpw snbvxp. tihew hnip- -\msp kµ i\w am{x-am-bn-cp- n At±-l-Øns e yw. ]e kwh- -c- mew B \m nse {][m-\- s ÿe-ß-fnepw ÿm]-\-ß-fnepw Xma-kn- p-ibpw C m-e-sa mw AhnsS e`y-amb ]pcm-x\ thz-im-kv{x -{K-Ÿ-ßfpw a pw hmbn- pw, ]fin-x- m-cmb ]e ]nxm- - m p injy-s pw kpdn-bm-\n- `m-j-bnepw thz-im-kv{x-ønepw AKm-[-amb ]mfinxyw kºm-zn- pibpw snbvxp. A v AhnsS am A_vZ a-in-lm, am A_vZp m F o c p-t] ]m{xn-b m -knwlm-k-\-øn\v Ah- Im-in-I-fm-bn- p- m-bn-cp Ime-am-bn-cp- p. Cu c p ]m{xn-b okp-am-cpambpw Xncp-ta\n ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-I-bpw, Zo L-Zn-h-k-߃ c pt]-cp-tsbpw IqsS Xma-kn- p-ibpw, ÿnxn-k-xn-i-fpss bmym yw bym-tbmkyw Bcm- -dn p hnh-c-߃ ae- -c-bnse ]nxm- - msc Adn-bn- p-ibpw snbvxp-sim- n-cp- p. A m-esø At±-l-Øns Nne IØp-Iƒ kp{]-kn- -ß-fm-Wv. Cu hntz-i-hm-k- m-eøv am HutK F ]cn-ip- s \ma-øn Xpd-_vZo {]tz-i-øp ]pcm-x\ Zb-dm-bn Iptd- mew Xma-kn- n-cp- -t mƒ, B ]cn-ip- -s\- p-dn v hn]p-e-amb ]T\w \S-Øp-Ibpw Aßs\ B ]cn-ip- -t\msp txm nb AXn-bmb ` n-bpss ^e-ambn B ]nxm-hns\ kz w Imh ]n-xm-hmbn AwKoI-cn- p-sim- v, aømbn F kz w t]cp-t]- n v HutK F t]cp kzoi-cn- pi-bp-am-wp- m-b-xv. Ahn-sS-h- p-xs Zb-dm-ÿm-\hpw kzoi-cn- v, HutK dºm-\mbn \m n as-ßn-sb-øn. Bcw-`-Øn Ipd- p-imew am{xta Xncp-ta\n Fs ]nxm-hn\p injy-s - n-cp- p- p-sh- n-epw, ioa-bm{x Ign p as-ßn-sb-øn-btijw At±lw Fs ]nxm-hp-ambn hfsc ASpØp \nc- c kº w ]pe Øn-s m- n-cp- p. ]mºm- ps sse{_-dn-bnse ]pcm- X\ {KŸ-߃ hmbn- p-i, ]e kpdn-bm\n ]pkvx-i-ßfpw ]I Ønsb-gp-Xp-I, kpdn-bm\n ]pkvx-i-߃ A -Sn- p- -Xn\p Xøm-dm- p- -Xn klm-bn- p-i, Fs ]nxmhv A m-e-ß-fn ioa- cm-pysø ]e k`m-t\xm- - m-cp-ambn \S-Øn-s m- n-cp IØn-S-]m-Sp-I-fn klm-bn- pi apx-emb Bh-iy-߃ p-th n ]e-t mgpw At±lw ]mºm- ps ] n-tas-bn h p Xma-kn- p-am-bn-cp- p. Aßs\ Xmakn- p ka-b-ß-fn Rß-fpsS ho n h p ` Ww Ign- p- Ibpw Rß-fpsS `h-\-ønse Hcw-K-sa- -t]mse IpSpw-_m-wK-ß-fpambn ASpØ kº w ]pe Øp-Ibpw snbvxp-sim- n-cp- p. A v Hcp sndnb ]ø-\m-bn-cp Fs ]e-t mgpw hnfn p Iq -Øn sim p-\-s- p-ibpw ]e \ D]-tZ-i-ßfpw ]d- p-x-cn-i-bp-sa mw snbvxn-cp- Xv Rm Ct mgpw ` n-]q w Hm Ωn- p- p. ]e kµ `-ß-fnepw Xncp-ta\n hcp-tºmƒ Nne IuXp-I-h-kvXp- ƒ sim p-h v F\n p kωm-\n- pibpw snøp-am-bn-cp- p. Aßs\ hfsc sndp w apx Xs ]nxr-\n n-ti-j-amb kvt\lm-z-c-hp- Iƒ F\n v At±-l-tØmSv txm n-bn-cp- p. Fs ]nxmhv timc amø aev]m A m-esø Hcp ani kpdn-bm\n `mjm-]-fin-x\pw thz-im-kv{x- -\p-am-bn-cp-s - nepw F\n v At±-l-Øns Iogn Imcy-amb sshzn-i- hn-zym-`ymkw \S- Øp- -Xn\p km[n- n-cp- n-. kpdn-bm-\n-`m-j-bpss Nne {]mcw-` -]-T- \-߃ am{xw ]Tn- p- -Xnt\ km[n- n-cp- p- p. Cw ojv hnzym-`ymkw snbvxp-sim n-cp Rm AXv ]q Øn-bm n ]nxm-hns ASp- kpdn-bm-\n -]-Tn- p-hm Bcw-`n- -t m-tg v \n `m-ky-h-im At±lw \ncym-x-\m-ip-hm-\m-wn-s-bm-b-xv. Xs A y-tcm-km-h-ÿ-

8 15 16 bn, Xs sfln-i-po-hnxw GXm v Ah-km-\n- p-hm t]mip- p F pw F\n- m-h-iy-amb sshzni hnzym-`ymkw \evip-hm Xs -s m p km y-am-hp-i-bn-s pw txm n-øp-s-ßn-b-t mƒ, Xs \ncym-w-øn\v GXm\pw Znhkw apºv At±lw Xs injy- {]-ap-j-\mb Cu Xncp-ta-\n-sb- A v At±lw I -\m-sv C-S-h-IbpsS am Xntam-Ø-ntbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bm-wv- -hn-fn- p-h-cp- Øn, Fs sshzn-i -hn-zym-`ymk Npa-Xe Xncp-ta-\nsb Gev]n- pibm-wp- m-b-xv. Ft msp IpSpw_ Npa-X-e-Ifpw a pw Dt]- n- pt]mepw Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sS-IqsS t]mbn Xma-kn p ]Tn- p-sim- -W-sa p \n t±-in- pibpw snbvxp. Aß-s\-bmWp Rm Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS injy-\m-bn-øo Xv. ]nxm-hns \ncym-wm-\- cw Aev]-Imew Ign p Rm Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS k X kl-nm-cn-bmbn ]e sim ߃ IqsS Xma-kn p ]Tn- p-i-bm-wp- m-b-xv. Aßs\ `{Zm-k\ `c-w-kw-_- -amb hf-sc-b-[niw bm{x-ifpw a p _ - m-sp-i-fp-ap- m-bn-cp Xncp-ta-\n, AXn-s\- m-an-s-bn Znh-khpw Ipd- p- k-a-bsa- nepw F\n- p-th n sne-hn-sp-am-bn-cp- p. ]e-t mgpw bm{xmat y h n-bnepw h -Øn-ep-sa mw h m-bn-cn pw ]Tn- n- p- -Xv. Aßs\ C v kpdn-bm-\n -`mjm kw_- -amtbm thz-im-kv{x-]-camtbm k`m-ncn-{x-]-c-amtbm F mw ]cn-an-x-amb txmxn-se- nepw F\n- p ]cn- m-\-øn\p Rm ]cn-]q Æ-ambpw Xncp-ta-\ntbmSp IS-s - -h-\m-sw- p hkvxp-x, kvt\l-\n `-c-amb ` ym- Z-c-hp-I-tfmsS CØ-cp-W-Øn A\p-kva-cn- p-i-bm-wv. Xncp-ta\n hnip- -\m-sp-i-fnse k m-chpw ]T-\-hp-sa mw Ign v HutK dºm-\mbn \m n as-ßn-sbøn A[n-I-Imew Ign-bp- - Xn\p apºv ae- -c-k-`-bn h -t»-cn am Zoh- m-tkymkv sa{xmt m-eo-ømsb ]m{xnb okv _mhm aps- n-b-xns\ XpS p `n -X-bm-cw-`n- p. AhnSw apx I -\msv `{Zm-k\ sa{xm-t m-eoømbm-bn-cp- p-sim v aqhm- p-]p-g- h v ]. _t -en-tbmkv Kohdp-Kokv ZznXo-b ImtXm-en- m-_m-hmsb ]c-ky-ambn kzoi-cn kabw-h-sc-bp Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS k`m-kw-_- -amb {]h Ø-\-߃ ]et mgpw ]q m-]-chn-cp- -ß-fm-bn-cp p F pw, k`m-kw-_- -amb Imcy-ß-fn Hcp Dd \ne-]m-sn- mø Hcp hnhmz ]pcp-j-\m-bn-cp p Xncp-ta-\n-sb pw ]ecpw Btcm-]n- m-dp- v. tihew _mly-zr- nbn am{xw ho n p- -h v Cu Btcm-]-W-Øn Ipsd-sb mw Ig-ºp- -Xmbn txm m-hp- -Xp-am-Wv. F m Bcw-`-Im-ew apx-ep Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS k`m-]-c-amb {]h Ø-\-ß-fpsS D n-tebv v Aev]w Npgn- n-dßn ]cn-tim-[n- p- -] w Bcw-`w- ap-x Xs Ahn-Sp p ae- c kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpss bym {InkvXob ]mc-º-cy-߃ bymtbmkyw {Kln p XZ-\p-k-c-W-amb Hcp \ne-]msv kzoi-cn- n-cp p F pw, B \ne-]m-sns hnp-b-øn-\p-th n Hmtcm kµ `-Ønepw Xs {][m\ e y-øn \n p hyxn-n-en- m-sx, F m kµ `m- \p-k-cww Nne \ne-]m-sp-iƒ kzoi-cn- p-sim- n-cp p F pw t_m y-am-ip- -Xm-Wv. Cu hkvxp-x-bpss bmym yw bymtbmkyw {Kln- -W-sa- n, GXm v Hcp \q m- p-imew ap ]p apx Cu k`-bn-ep- m-bn- p Nne kw`-h-hn-im-k-ß-fn-te v H p Xncn- pt\m-t - Xv Bh-iy-amWv. Hcp \q m p ap ]v, AXm-bXv F. Un , A sø At ymjym ]m{xn-b o-km-bn-cp ]. ]t{xmkv XrXo-b _mhm ae- -c-k` kµ- in- p-i-bpw, apf- p-cpøn kp -l-tzmkv hgn-bmbpw a pw Cu k`-bn Nne `c-w-{i-ao-i-c-w-߃ p {]mcw-`-an-sp-i-bpw, At ym-jym- knw-lm-k-\-hp-am-bp Cu k`-bpss _ w IqSp-X _e-h-øm- p-ibpw snbvx-tijw as-ßp-i-bp- m-bn. A v ]uckvxy ImtXm-en m C mø Ime-hp-am-bn-cp- p. B ]m{xnb okv \ncym-x-\m-bn. XpS v At±-l-Øns ]n Km-anbmbn Hcmsf Xnc-s -SpØv ÿm\m-tcm-lww snøn- Xv GIm-`n- {]m-b-am-bn- m-bn-cp- n-. am ]t{xmkv ]m{xn-b okv \ncym-x-\m-bt mƒ ssiam-jm-ambn \nb-an-x-\m-bxp am Iqdn-temkv Koh-dp-Kokv Fs mcp sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bmbncp p. A sø taev] - m-cn At±lw F m \ne-bnepw s]mxp-p-\ -k-ω-x-\m-bn-cp- -Xn-\m, Xncs -Sp- n-\p kp -l-tzmkp IqSn-b-t mƒ BZyta At±-l-Øns -t]-cmwp ]m{xn-b m- ÿm-\-tøbv v GIm-`n-{]m-b-a-mbn \n t±in- -s - -Xv. F m At±-lw, Cu kap- X ]Z-hn p Xm A l- \ F p ]d v kzbw- ]n- m-dn. hfsc i n-]q w- \n _- n- n pw At±lw hg-ßm-xn-cp- -Xn-\m ho pw-a-s m-cm-fpss t]cv \n t±in-t n h p. At mƒ ÿm\m n-i-fmbn cwk-øp-h- Xv, am Zoh- m-tkymkv A_vZ ain-lm, am {KntKmdn-tbmkv A_vZp- m, am Zoh- m-tkymkv _l\mw F o aq p t]cm-bn-cp- p. Ch-cn Ipsd- mew ap ]m{xn-b o-kns sk{i- -dn-bm-bn-cn- pibpw At±-l-Øns IqsS ae- c kµ in- p-ibpw a pw snbvx am A_vZp m kzm`m-hn-i-ambpw Xnc-s -Sp- -s -Sp-sa p ]ecpw {]Xo- n- n-cp-s - n-epw, Xnc-s -Sp p \S- -t mƒ, Npcp-ßnb `qcn-]- tøm-sp-iq-sn-bm-sw- nepw Xnc-s -Sp- -s - Xv am A_vZ ainlmbmbn-cp- p. am A_vZp mbv p c mw ÿm\hpw am _l- \m-an\p aq mw ÿm\-hpta e`n- p- p. AX-\p-k-cn v am A_vZ ainlm ]m{xn-b o-kmbn hmgn- -s - p. XpS v kp Øms A[n-Im-c-]-{X-amb ^ am\pw At±-l-Øn\p \evi-s - p. Xp n- cm-pyøv A m-eøp k`m-`-c-wm-[n-im-cn-iƒ v,

9 17 18 k`m-`-cw kw_- -amb euin-im-[n-im-c-߃ {]tbm-kn- -W-sa- n Cu ^ am IqSmsX km y-a- m-bn-cp- p. Cu kw`-hsø XpS v ]m{xn-b m Xnc-s -Sp- n ]cm-pn-x-\mb am A_vZp m sa{xmt m-eo-øm, Cu k` -hn p tdma ItØm-en- m -k-`-bn tn p. Cu kw`-h-øn-\v, At±lw bym -Øn tdmam-k-`-bn tn n- m F pw, GtXm Imc-W-ß-fm Xp n Kh-s ns A{]o- Xn p ]m{x-am-b-xn-\m Kh-s ns ]ou-\-øn \n pw c s -Sp-hm th n A sø {^ v tim k-ens\ A`-bw -{]m-]n- v, Xm tdma ItØm-en- m -k-`mw-k-am-sw p `mhn- -tx-bp p F psamcp `mjyhp-ap- v. AXn-s -sb mw bmym y-߃ Fßs\-bp-am-I-s am A_vZ ainlm ]m{xn-b o-kns ^ am Xp n Kh-s v ]n h-en- p. A[nI Ime-Xm-a-k-sat\y am A_vZp m sa{xm-t m-eoøm tdmam- k-`-bn \n p Xncn- p-h v Hcp kndn-b Hm Ø-tUm-Ivkv -]- n-bn ]c-ky-ambn hn. Ip _m\ A n p. am A_vZ ainlm ]m{xn-b o-kns ^ am d±m- n-b-xp-aqew At±-l-Øns Khs w-ko-imcw \ s - -Xn-\m, ]q Æ-amb Kh-s w-ko-im-c-tøm-sp-iq-sn, k`m-`-c-w-kw-_- -amb euin-im-[n-im-c-߃iqsn {]tbm-k-n Ø- -\n-e-bn Hcmƒ Bh-iyam-b-Xn\m, ho pw ]m{xn-b m Xnc-s -Sp- v -\-S-Øp-hm \n - bn- p. AXn-\p-th n kp -l-tzm-kv-iq-sn. B kp -l-tzm-kn am A_vZp m sa{xm-t m-eoøm GIm-`n-{]m-b-ambn Xnc-s -Sp- -s - p. DS-s\-Xs At±lw ]m{xn-b o-kmbn hmgn- -s -Sp-Ibpw snbvxp. Xp n Kh-s n \n- p ^ am\pw \evi-s - p. Cu hkvxp-x-iƒ B ImeØv ae- -c-k-`-bpss \mhmbn {]kn -s -Sp- Øn-s m- n-cp ""ae- c CS-h-I-]-{XnI'' F amkn-i-bpss B ImesØ e -ß-fn \n p {Kln- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. Aßs\ ]m{xn-b m -knw-lm-k-\-øn-\-h-im-in-i-fmbn Htc kabøp c p -t]-cp- m-bn. am A_vZ ainlm euin-im-[n-im-c߃ \ -s ]m{xn-b o-sk \ne-bn-epw, am A_vZp Khs wkoim-c-tøm-sp-iqsn euin-im-[n-im-c-߃ IqSn \S-Øp-hm A[n-Im-c-ap ]m{xn-b o-sk \ne-bnepw Ign ph p. F m ae- -c-k` [cn- -Xv, AYhm ae- -c-k-`sb [cn- n- -Xv, am A_vZ ainlm ]m{xn-b okns\ azy-]m-\w, k`m-\n-b-a-߃s - Xn-cmb Zp `-cww apx-emb Imc-W-ß-fm \nb-am-\p-k-cww kp l-tzm-kv IqSn aps n ÿm\{`- -\m- p-ibpw AX-\p-k-cn v Xp n Kh-s v ^ am ]n h-en- p-i-bpw, ho pw kp -l-tzm-kv IqSn am A_vZp- msb Xnc-s -SpØp hmgn- p-i-bp-am-wp- m-b-sx- pw, X qew icn-bmb ÿm\-km-[p-xz-ap GI ]m{xn-b okv A_vZp am{x-am-sw pw a p-am-bn-cp p. GXm-bmepw ae- -c-k` B ImeØv icn-bmb At ymjym ]m{xn-b o-kmbn AwKo-I-cn- Xv am A_vZp- m-sb-bm-bn-cp- p. At±-l-Øn \n m-wt m h t»-cn am Zoh- m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\nbpw sim p-]-d-ºn am Iqdntemkv Xncp-ta-\nbpw ÿm\-ta- Xpw a pw. A[nI Ime-Xm-a-kw -Iq- SmsX At±lw ae c kµ in- pi-bpw, bym ]m{xn-b okmbn Cu k` At±-lsØ kzoi-cn p _lp-am-\n- pibpw snbvxp. Ime-Xm-a-k-sat\y At±lw h -t»-cn Xncp-ta-\nsb aps- n. XpS v Cu k`-bn `n -X-bp-am-bn. CXn\p]cn A\p-kva-cn- n-cn- p {]Imcw ]. HutK _mhm siωm-»-\mbn ioa-cm-py-߃ kµ in- Xp ta ]d c p ]m{xnb o-k- mcpw AhnsS Pohn- n-cp Ime-L- -Øn-embncp p. A meøv At±-l-Øns B {]tz-i-ß-fnse hn]p-e-amb k m-chpw At\z-j-W-ßfpw ]T-\-hpw, Cu c p ]m{xn-b o-k- m-cpambn t\cn p ]pe Øp-hm-\n-S-bmb kº hpw a pw hgn-bm-bn, am A_vZ avinlm ]m{xn-b o-kns\ kp -l-tzmkp IqSn ÿm\- {`wiw snbvxp F Btcm-]Ww ASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-X-am-sW- pw, At±lw Nne Imc-W-ß-fm Xp n Kh-s ns A{]o-Xn p ]m{x-am-bn-øo -Xn-\m tihew ^ am ]n h-en- pi am{xta D m-bn- p p F pw a\- n-em- p-hm-\n-s-bm-bn. At±-lsØ At mgpw Bflo-b-\n-e-bn ]m{xn-b o-kmbn B {]tz-i-ß-fn F m-hcpw ]cn-k-wn v BZ-cn- n-cp- p. Bflo-b-ambn ]m{xn-b okn-\spø ]e Imcy-ßfpw At±lw \n -ln- pibpw snbvxp-sim- n-cp- p. CuZri hkvxp-x-i-sf mw a\- n-em- nb Xncp-ta-\n, am A_vZ ainlm _mhmsb icn-bmb ÿm\ km[p-xz-ap ]m{xnb o-kmbn A mew apx Xs BZ-cn- n-cp p. Imt\m-\n-I-ambpw k`m-]m-c-º-cy-a-\p-k-cn pw ]uckvxy ImtXm-en- m-bpss `c-w-]-cn- [n-bn-epƒs -Sp ae- -c-k-`, A m-eøp t] jym cmpyøp \nehnen- msx Ah-ti-jn- n-cp ImtXm-en m knwlm-k\w ae- -c-bnte p am n ÿm]n- m sim m-sa v B{K-ln- p-sim- n-cp Imehp-am-bn-cp- p. Cu hnj-bhpw Xncp-ta\n c p ]m{xn-b o-k- m-cpambn N - sn-bvxp. ae- -c-bn-tebv p Nne IØp-Iƒ X w-_- - ambn Ab- n-cp Imcyw ]e pw Adn-bm-hp hkvxp-x-bmwv. am A_vZ ainlm ]m{xn-b okv ae- -c-bn-tebv p ImtXmen m knwlm-k\w am n ÿm]n- p hnj-b-øn A\p-Iq-en-bpw, F m am A_vZp ]m{xn-b okv AXn\p {]Xn-Iq-en-bp-amsW- m-bn-cp p Xncp-ta-\n p a\- n-em- p-hm km[n- -Xv. Cu ] m- Ø-e-Øn-emWp Xncp-ta\n ]e-kvxo \msv kµ i\w Ign v HutK dºm-\m-bn, \m n as-ßn-sb-øn-b-xv.

10 19 20 Xncp-ta\n \m n as-ßn-sbøn A[n-I-Imew Ign-bp- -Xn\p apºp ae- -c-k-`, {]Xn-k- nsb A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn- p-i-bm-bn tpmk^v am Zoh- m-tkymkv Imew-sN-bvXp. XpS v am Koh-dp-Kokv Zoh- m-tkymkv ae- c sa{xm-t m-eoøm Bbn. A[nIw Xma-kn-bmsX am A_vZp ]m{xn-b okv Chn-sS-sb-Øn. ]m{xn-b okv _mhmbpw am Zoh- m-tkymkpw XΩn ]e Imcy-ß-fm \oc-k- Øn-em-bn. XpS v 1911 ]m{xn-b o-kv, sa{xm-t m-eo-ømsb aps- n-b-tijw ae- -c-bn \n p as-ßn-t m-bn. Xs aps v XnI pw AIm-c-W-sa p am Zoh mtkymkv sa{xmt m-eo-ømbpw Cu k`-bnse Hcp \ ] v Bfp-Ifpw hniz-kn- n-cp- -Xn-\m, CXn-\p t]mwh-gn-sb- p-dn v Nn n- -t m-gmwv am A_vZ ainlm ]m{xn-b o-kns\ A`-bw- {]m-]n- m-sa-s m-cmibw DZ-bw- snbvx-xv. AXn-\p ]cn-{i-a-hp-am-cw-`n- p. F m At m-tgbv p ae- -c-k` ]m{xn-b o-kp -I- n-sb pw sa{xm I n-sb pw c mbn ]nf p-i-gn- n-cp- p. I -\m-sv, A -am-en, sim n F o hs- `{Zm-k-\-߃ GXm v ]q Æ-ambpw, tim bw `{Zm-k-\-Ønse AK-Wy-a- mø Hcp hn`m-khpw ]m{xn-b o-kv -I- n-bn Dd p \ne-sim p. sx `{Zm-k-\-߃ an -hmdpw sa{xm I n-bnepw Dd p \n p. Cu I nxn-cn-hn, Hcp hs- - \mb HutK dºm\pw ]m{xn-b o-kv -I- n-bmbn Xs \ne-simt kml-n-cy-am-wp- m-bn-cp- -Xv. Cu kml-n-cy-øn-emwv 1912 am Zoh- m-tkymkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bp-ssbpw A\p-bm-bn-I-fpsSbpw ]cn-{i-a-^-e-am-bn, am A_vZ ainlm ]m{xn-b okv ae- -c-bn BK-X-\m-b-Xv. At±lw kp -l-tzm-kn\m aps n _lnjvi-cn- -s -Sp-I-bpw, X qew Bflob-\-evhcw \ -s -Sp-Ibpw snbvx Bfm-sW v Cu k`- t\-csø kzoi-cn \ne-]m-sn Dd p\n p-sim- v, ]m{xn-b o-kv -I- n- m At±-lsØ kzoicn- n-. F m ""hnizm-k-øn `n -Xbn'' mxn-cn-s, kzm - Xbpw A[n-Im-c-{`-ahpw aqew Hcp knwlm-k-\-øn\p c p ]m{xnb o-k- mtcm sa{xm-t m-eo-ø- mtcm hmgn- -s -Sp-hm-\n-S-bm-bm, BZy-sØ-bmƒ `cww \S-Øp-Ibpw c m-a {]hr-øn-c-ln-x-\m-bncn- bpw snø-ww (lqzm-b 7:1) F Imt\m \n t±-isø Ahew_n psim v, sa{xm I n- m Imt\m-\nI ]m{xnb okv F \ne-bn At±-lsØ kzoi-cn- p. At±lw am Znh- m-tkymkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bpss aps p Xo Øp. am tpmk^v Zoh- m-tkym-kns Imew apx Xs ChnsS B{K-ln- n-cp- -{]-Im-cw, t] jym -cm-pyøp ]n Xp-S - m-cn- msx Ah-ti-jn- n-cp ]uckvxy ImtXm-en m knwlm-k\w ae- -c-bntebv p am n ÿm]n- p- -Xn kl-i-cn- p-ibpw snbvxp. \nc- W-Øp -h v apdn-a- -Øn am Cuhm-\n-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-ømsb ]uckvxy ImtXm-en- m-bmbn hmgn- p. Xs ]e-kvxo \msv kµ i-\-im-eøv am A_vZ ainlm ]m{xn-b o-kn-s\- p-dn v e`n- n-cp bym hnh-c-ßfpw At±-l-tØmSp txm n-bn-cp ` nbpw Bkv]-Z-am nbpw ae- -c-bn ImtXm-en m knwlm-k\w ÿm]n p ImW-W-sa v X\n- p- m-bn-cp AXn-bmb B{K-l- Øns t{]c-w-bm-epw, {]txy-in p ÿm\-ta p Bƒ, kz]n- Xm-hns Kpc-psh \nebn X\n v IqSp-X BZ-c-Wo-b-\m-bn-cp- -Xn-\m-epw, Chn-SpsØ I n `n -Xbpw a pw Ah-K-Wn- p-sim- v- Hu-tK dºm \nc-wøp t]mbn B ÿm\m-tcm-lw ip{iq-jbn kw_- n- p. hs- {]tzisø ]m{xn-b okv I nbpss a y-øn XpS p Pohn-t - nbn-cp At±-l-Øns Cu {]hrøn Xo -bmbpw Aev]w Hcp IS ssibm-bn-cp p. F m XpS -t±lw kz w \m n h v ]m{xn-b okv I n-bmbn Xs {]h Øn- p-i-bm-wp- m-bxv. At m-tg v I -\msv, A -amen `{Zmk\ {]tz-i-ß-fn ]e-hn[ {InkvXob {]h Ø-\-߃ At±lw Bcw-`n- p-ibpw snbvxn-cp- p. hs-ic ti{µ-am n A[x-Ir-X -h - m-cpss CS-bn-ep kphntij {]h Ø-\-amWv At±lw BZy-ambn Bcw-`n- -Xv. hfsc Bfp- Isf At±lw amtωm-zokm \ In k`-bn tn Øp. XpS v hs- {]tz-i-ß-fn hfsc hnc-f-am-bn-cp hnzym-`ymk ÿm]-\-߃ Bcw-`n- p- -Xn-\p ]cn-{i-a-ambn. C sø hs-ic sslkviqƒ At±-l-Øns kz w ]cn-{i-a-^-e-amwv. ]nd-hw, time-t cn apxemb sslkviq-fp-i-fpss ÿm]-\-ønepw B ImeØv At±lw D m-ln- n-cp- p. k`-bnse A sø I n `n -X-bn ]m{xnb okv I n-bmbn Dd p \ne-sim- n-cp Cu {]tz-i-ß-fn, CuZri {]h Ø-\-ß-fpsS hnp-b-øn\v B I n-bn Xs Dd p {]h Øn-t - Xv Hcm-h-iy-ambn cp- -XpsIm piq-sn-bmwv At±lw B \ne-]m-sv kzoi-cn- -Xv. o_m-zmk kaq-l-øns {]mcw-`-{]- h Ø-I\pw ÿm]-i\pw Bb ]t{xmkv am HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbpw IpSpw-_hpw Bcw-`-ImeØv sa{xm I nbn Dd p \n -h-cm-bn-cp-s - nepw hs- CS-h-I-I-fnse kphntij {]h Ø-\-Øns kp-ka-amb \S-Øn- n-\p-th n At±lw _mhm I n-bn \n v Iio-im-] w kzoi-cn kw`hw CtX-\n-ebn Xs D H m-w-t m. At±lw Aßs\ snbvxxv Bcw-`- Im-eØv o_m-zmkkaq-l -{]-h Ø-\-Ønepw kl-i-c-whpw {]tnm-z-\hpw \ In-bn-cp HutK dºms Xs D]-tZ-im-\p-k-

11 21 22 cwhpam-bn-cp- p. Cßs\ Imew apt m p \oßsh 1927 HutK dºm I - \msv `{Zm-k\ sa{xm-t m-eoøm ÿm\-tø v \ma-\n t±iw snøs -Sp-Ibpw AX-\p-k-cn v bdp-i-te-an h v am Xntam-Øn-tbmkv F t]cn am Gen-bmkv {XnXo-b ]m{xn-b okv _mh-mbn \n pw sa{xm ÿm\w G p-ibpw snbvxp. CXpw A v ]m{xnb okv I n-bn Dd p\n n-cp I -\msv `{Zm-k-\-Øns kpka-amb `c-w-\n -l-w-øn\v Hcm-h-iy-am-bn-cp p. XpS v {]kvxpx `{Zm-k\ `cww, ]m{xn-b okv `mksø Hcp sa{xm-t m-eoøm F - \n-e-bn hnp-b-i-c-ambn \n -ln- p-ibpw snbvxp-sim- n-cp- p se k`m `n -Xsb XpS v Cu \ne-bnse mw At±lw {]h Øn- n-cp-s - nepw k`m Ncn-{X-]-c-ambpw thz-im-kv{x-]-c-ambpap Xs XnI hn m-\-øn-s bpw {]txy-in v, ]e-kvxo \m nse ]cy-s-\-im-eøv kw`-h-ß-fpss bmym y-ßsf pdn v X\n v t\cn p e`n- n-cp Adn-hn-s bpsa mw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn am A_vZ ainlm icn-bmb Bflob \ h-c-ap ]m{xn-b okv Xs -bm-sw- pw, X qew At±-l-Øns kl-i-c-w-tømsp IqSn ChnsS ÿm]n-x-amb ImtXm-en m ÿm]\w XnI pw A\yq-\-amsW- p-ap Dƒt_m[w F pw Xncp-ta-\nsb `c-n n-cp- p. Cu hkvxp-x-iƒ Iptd-s»-bmbn Bfp-Isf [cn- n v Ah-cpsS I n sshcmkyw elp-s -Sp-Øns m p-h-cp- -Xn\pw Xncp-ta\n Ign-hpt]mse ]cn-{i-an- n-cp- p. I -\msv `{Zmk\ sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bmbn `c-w-ta tijw Xncp-ta\n k {]m[m\yw \ In ]cn-{i-an- psim- n-cp Hcp Imcyw, ae- -c-k-`-bnse I n `n X Fß-s\bpw Ah-km-\n- n v kam-[m\w ÿm]n- pi F -Xm-bn-cp- p. AXn-\pth n Xncp-ta\n \S-Øn-bn- p \nc-h[n ITn\ ]cn-{i-a-ß-fn ]e- Xn-s\- p-dn pw A meß-fn Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS k -X-k-l-Nm-cn-bmbncp F\n v t\cn- -dn-hp- -XmWv. A sø ]m{xn-b o-km-bncp am At{]w {]Y-a _mhm-bp-ambn Xncp-ta\n hf-sc-b-[niw IØn-S-]m-Sp-Ifpw CXv kw_- n p \S-Øn-bn-cp p. CXn-s -sb- mw ^e-ambn Chn-SpsØ ImtXm-en m ÿm]-\sø Xm AwKo-I-cn- m-sa pw F m AXv ChnsS \ Ip- -Xn\v {][m\ Im Ωn-IXzw hln am A_vZ ainlm ]m{xn-b okv aps- p-aqew Bflob \ hcw \ -s Bfm-bn-cp- -Xn-\m Ct m-gsø ImtXm-en m c m-axv ssih-bv p kzoi-cn-t - Xv Bh-iy-am-sW- p-ap Xs A y Xocp-am\w am At{]w ]m{xn-b okv _mhm Adn-bn p. CXv bym -Øn Xs kz w A`n-{]m-b-Øn\v tn -X- m-bncp-s - nepw a v am -sam pw Cs p \nebn CsX- nepw Fßs\bpw km[n p k`-bn kam-[m\w ÿm]n- -W-sa- p ZrV-\n- -b-tøm-sp-iqsn Xncp-ta\n apt m- p-\oßn. A sø ImtXm-en- m-bm-bn-cp am Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-bs\ ]e {]mhiyw t\cn- p -I v Btem-N-\- \-S-Øn. Ah-km\w Xncp-ta- \n-bpss \n _- -Øn-s -bpw, Fß-s\bpw kam-[m-\-ap- m-bn- - m sim m-sa- p kz A`n-em-j-Øn-s bpw ^e-am-bn, ImtXm-en m _mhm Gsd- psd AXn\p kω-xn- p. A v B hnip ]nxmhv Iev]n p \evinb ad-p]sn C pw Fs snhn-ifn apg-ßp-i-bm-wv. ""sa{xm m! Fs ÿm\-øn\p Fs - nepw \yq\-x-bp- -Xmbn F\n v Atijw t_m y-an-. Aßs\ t_m yap- m-bn-cp-s - n tihew {]uvn- p-th n am{xw Cu thjw [cn- p- -h-\ Rm. F m k`-bnse kam-[m-\-øn-\p-th n F p XymKhpw kln- p-hm Rm k - -\m-wv. \n߃s ms \n _- -am-sw- n, tbml- m kv\m]-is apºn tbip- {InkvXp snbvx-xp-t]m-se, Rm BcpsS apºn thw-sa- nepw Xe Ip\n- p-sim-sp- mw. k - -X-bp- -h Fs Xe-bn ssihbv p-itbm F p-th-w-sa- nepw snbvxp-sim- -s. AXn Fs - nepw sx p-s - n AXns ]m]w B ssih-bv p- -h-cpss Xebn Ccn- pw. F\n v AXn ] p- m-bn-cn- -bn '' F m-bn-cp p AXv. Cu kω-xsø XpS mwv Xncp-ta\n ap ssi-sb-spøv \S- Ønb Ah-km-\-tØXpw G w {][m-\-s - -Xp-amb Bephm h -tai-ktω-f-\-øn-\p k o-i-c-w-߃ \S-Øn-b-Xv. AXns A y- Øn ]. Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b ImtXm-en m _mhm Xs hm p ]men- p-sim- v, am AØm-\m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\n-bn \n p ssihbv]p kzoi-cn- p-hm Xøm-dmbn Bephm Xr p- Øv skan- \m-cn-bn k n-ln-x-\m-b-xp-am-wv. F m Nne kmt -XnI XS- - ß-fp-sS t]cn B kw`hw \S- m-\n-s-bm-bn-. Hcp]t AXv A p-x-i-c-amb Hcp sszh-\n- -b-am-bn-cn- mw. F m-bmepw AtXm- Sp-IqSn Xncp-ta\n kam-[m-\-]cn-{i-a-ß-fn XnI pw \ncm-i-\mbn AXn \n p ]n m-dn. XpS v Bcw`w apx-ep Xs at\m-t_m- yhpw B{K-l-hp-a-\p-k-cn v FXn I n-bp-am-bn, AYhm am Kohdp-Kokv ZznXo-b ImtXm-en- m-_m-hm-bp-am-bn, IqSp-X Xpd pw ASpØpw s]cp-am-dn-øp-s-ßn. CXn-\n-S-bn Xncp-ta\n sa{xm ÿm\ta Imew-ap-X-ep CuZri-amb ]e {]h Ø-\-ßfpw a pw ImcWw ]m{xn-b o-kv-i n t\xm- - m-cp-ts-bpw, {]txy-in v A sø At ymjym {]Xn-\n[n am bqentbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bp-ts-bpw, ISpØ A{]oXn Xncp-

12 23 24 ta\n kºm-zn- p-i-gn- n-cp- p. AhcpsS t{]c-w-aqew ]m{xnb okv _mhm-bn \n p hna i-\-]-c-amb Nne Iev]-\-Iƒ h p- Xp-S-ßn. kp{]ow-tim-sxn hn[n-bn Ah-km-\n kap-zm-b-t kv A v Pn m-t m-s-xn-bn \S- p Ime-am-bn-cp p. AXn {]Xn-`mKw km n- - n-i-bn Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS t]cpw Dƒs -Sp-Øn-bn-cp- p. AX- \p-k-cn v aqhm- p-]pg Ac-a-\-bn h v IΩo-j apjm- cw Xncp-ta- \n-sb Zo L-ambn hnkvx-cn p. hnkvxm-c-at y C I n Pbn- tbm txmev tbm snø-w-sa e yw IqSm-sX, X\n p kxysa p t_m y-ap hkvxp-x-iƒ B \ne-bn Xpd p ]d- psam-gn-sim-sp-øp. s]mxpth B samgn ]m{xn-b okv I n p tzmj-i-c-am-bn-cp p. AtXm-Sp-IqSn ]m{xn-b okv I n t\xm- - m v Xncp-ta-\n-tbm-Sp sshcmkyw ix-kp-wo-`-hn- p. XpS v ]m{xn-b o-kv -_m-hm-sb-s m v Xncp-ta-\nsb aps- n- p-hm-\p ]cn-{i-a-am-bn. Cu hnj-a-k- n-bn-em-wv Xncp-ta-\n, ]. Kohdp- Kokv ZznXo-b ImtXm-en m _mhmsb aqhm- p-]pg ] n-bn Wn- p-h-cpøn ]c-ky-ambn kzoi-cn p I n-am-dn-b-xv. At -Zn-hkw Xncpta\n aqhm- p-]pg ] n-bn hnfn- p-iq- nb I -\msv `{Zm-k\ ] n{]xn-]p-cp-j-tbm-k-øn _lp-`q-cn-] tømsp-iqsn ]m m- nb {]ta-b-øns ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-bn-cp p B kzoi-cww \S- Xpw. F nepw B `qcn-] ]n pw \o p-\n-ev p-hm-\n-s-bm-bn F Xv \n `m-ky-i-c-amb Hcp hkvxp-x-bm-wv. XpS v A[nI Ime-Xmakw IqSmsX ]m{xn-b okv _mhm, Xncp-ta-\nsb aps- n. F nepw I - \msv `{Zm-k-\-Ønse AK-Wy-a- mø Hcp hn`mkw ] - m-cp-ssbpw P\-ß-fp-sSbpw ]n Xp-W-tbm-Sp-IqSn Xncp-ta\n ASn-]-X-dm-sX, ImtXmen m knwlm-k-\-øn Iogn Dd- p-xs \ne-sim- p. AhnSw apx 1958 se k`m-k-am-[m-\w-h-sc-bp \o ]Xn-\mdp kwh- - c- mew Xncp-ta\n A\p-`-hn {]bm-k-߃ pw bmx-\-iƒ pw IW- n-. tzl-]o-u-\w-hsc kln-t n h hkvxp-x-iƒ kphn-zn-xam-w-t m. Ah-km\w se kp{]ow-tim-sxn hn[n-sb- Xp-S v k`mkam-[m-\-ap- mbn. AtXm-Sp-IqSn A p-hsc ]m{xn-b okv I n-iƒ, tihew ] -Xz-an- mø hr ]p q-km-wv, icn-bmb \evh-c-ap Hcp sa{xms ssisb- nepw Xe-bn-sem- p-h-bv msx At±-l-Øn\p ÿm\-km-[p-xz-ap- m-hp-i-bn- Fs mw ]d p ]p n- p-sim- n-cp- -h, Hcp \nan-jw-sim v bmsxmcp \yq\-x-bpan- mø tamdm am _t -en-tbmkv Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b ]uckvxy ImtXm-en- m-bm-sw pw k»n-c-iºw kω-xn-t - n-h- p. CsX mw ti pw hniz-kn pw AXns ]n n hmin-tbmss \ne-sim- n-cp km[m-c-w -P-\-ß-sf mw A px-kvx-_v[-cm-bn-t m-bn. F m-bmepw AtXm-Sp-IqSn Ipd- p-im-e-tø-bvs - nepw k`-bn ]cn-]q Æ kam- [m-\hpw im -Xbpw Ifn-bm-Sn. CXn G w IqSp-X kt m-jn- Xv Xo -bm-bpw sndp- -Imew apx Xs X n \nd- p-\n- ncp kam-[m\ hmrvo {]mtbm-kn-i-am-bn-øo p I, am HutK Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bm-bn-cn- -Ww. Cßs\ ae- -c-k-`-bn ]cn-]q Æ kam-[m\w ssih- p-sh- nepw Xncp-ta-\nsb kw_- n- n-s-tømfw B kam-[m\w ]q Æambn A\p-`-h-s -Sm Ipsd Ime-Xm-akw IqSn th n-h- p se ]c-kv]c kzoi-c-whpw XpS p\s ]pø Imhv Atkmtky-j ktω-f-\hpw Ign- -ti-jw, ap ]m{xn-b o-kv -I- nbn \n n-cp sa{xm-t m-eo-ø- m pw `c-w-øn-\p `{Zm-k-\- ߃ Gev]n- p-sim-sp- p {]iv\w h -t mƒ I -\msv `{Zm-k-\- Øn\p am{xw HutK am Xntam-Øn-tbm-kv, ]utemkv am ]oe- Ivkn-t\mkv F o c p-t] Ah-Im-in-Ifmbn p m-bn-cp- p. CXn\p ]e t]mwh-gn-i-sf- p-dn pw ]. F n-kvtim- kp -l-tzmkv Nn n- -bp- m-sb- n-epw, Ah-km\w c p t]tc-bpw-iqsn B `{Zm-k-\- Øns kl-sa-{xm-t m-eo-ø- m-cmbn \nb-an- -bm-wp- m-b-xv. AXmbXv `{Zm-k\ `c-w-kw-_- -amb kie Imcy-ßfpw c p-t]cpw tbmpn p ssiim-cyw- sn-ø-ww. Cu hyh-ÿnxn s]s - p- Xs A{]m-tbm-Kn-I-ambn A\p-`-h-s - p. c p Xncp-ta-\n-amcpw XΩn `n - X-bn-em-bn. {]iv\w F -nkvtim- kp -l-tzm-kns ]cn-k-w- \bv p h p. At m-tgbv p am ]oe-ivkn-t\mkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm sx pw -h-s- p-ap ap ]m{xn-b okv I n-bnse Xo{h-hmZn-Ifm-bn-cp Hcp AXr]vX hn`m-ksø kwl-sn- n- v 1958 Unkw-_ 16- \p tim bw ]gb skan-\mcn Nm -ense azv_-lm-bn h p \S-Ønb ]c-kv]c kzoi-c-w-sa NSßv k`-bnse I n-a- -c-øn AShp-am- p- -Xn\v Ah-kcw e`n- phm th n {]tbm-kn- Hcp X{ w am{x-am-bn-cp p F p ]c-ky-ambn {]Jym-]n p-sim- v, At ym-jy aqhvsa v Fs mcp {]ÿm-\-hp-am-bn, k`m-k-am-[m-\-øn\p hncp- amb Hcp \ne-]msv kzoi-cn- p-i-gn- n-cp- p. ]m{xn-b o-kv _m-hmbn \n v A{X {]Xy- -am-bn- -s - n-epw, ]tcm- -ambn B hn`m- KsØ t{]m m-ln- n- p Nne \o -ßfpw D mim-xn-cp- n-. F nepw ap ]m{xn-b okv I n-bnse a p- sa-{xm-t m-eo-ø- mcmcpw CXns\ A\p-Iq-en- n F Xp {]txyiw {it b-am-wv. CXn-s -sb mw ^e-ambn am ]oe-ivkn-t\mkv sa{xm-t m-eo-ømsb kkvs] Up snbvxp-sim- pw, am Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm-t meo-ømsb ]q Æ-ambn B `{Zm-k-\ -`-cww Gev]n- p-sim pw ]. kp -l-tzmkn\v Hcp Xocp-am\w sntø- n-h p. Aßs\ I -\msv

13 25 26 `{Zm-k-\-Øn ho pw Akz-ÿ-X-bm-bn. Cu Ime-L- -Øn-emWv am ]oe-ivkn-t\mkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bpss ITn-\-amb FXn ns\ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn- p-sim v hfsc t in- n- m-sw- nepw Xncp-ta-\n, C p ImWp aqhm p]pg `{Zm-k\ Ac-a-\-s - n-s-øns H mw \nebpss ]Wn- ]q Øn-bm- n-bxv. Cß-s\ -ap-t m- p-t]m-ith 1962 Xncp-ta\n ]. _t -en-tbmkv Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b ImtXm-en- m- _m-hm-bpss ]n Km-an-bmbn Xnc-s -Sp- -s - p. F nepw I -\msv `{Zm-k\ sa{xm-t m-eoøm F \ne-bn aqhm- p-]pg Ac-a-\- bn Øs Xmakw XpS p `mky-kva-c-wm l-\mb ]. Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b _mhm Imew snøp- Xphsc Ahn-sS-Øs Xma-kn- n-cp- p. _mhm Imew- sn-bvx-txmsp IqSn, \nb-am-\p-k-cww Xnc-s Sp- -s ]n Km-an-sb- -\n-e-bn, ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbpss HutZym-KnI Npa-X-e-Iƒ Gs -Sp-Øp-sIm v tim bw ImtXmen-t v Ac-a-\-bn-tebv v Xmakw am n. A[nI Ime-Xm-akw IqSmsX, ae- c F n-kvtim- kp -l-tzm-kns Ww kzoi-cn- v, Xncp-ta-\nsb ImtXm-en- m-bmbn hmgn- p-hm th- n, ]. bmt m- _v -Xr-Xo-b ]m{xn-b o-kv -_m-hm ChnsS k n-ln-x-\m-bn. A sø hnl-sn-x ]m{xn-b o-kv -_m-hmsb hio-i-cn p Ipg w kr n- p-hm Nne ]cn-{i-a-߃ \S-Øn- t\m- n-sb- n-epw, At±lw AXn-s\m pw hg-ßmsx, se ]c-kv]c [mc-w-iƒ pw hn. k`-bpss ]mc-º-cy-߃ pw XnI pw A\p-tbm-Py-ambn ss[cy- ]q w \ne-sim- -Xn-\m, am ]oe-ivkn-t\mkv sa{xm-t m-eo- Ømbv pw Xs FXn {]-h Ø-\-߃ Dt]- n p ]m{xn-b okv _mhm-bp-ambn kl-i-cn- msx \n m-l-an- mø ]X-\-Øn-em-bn. Aßs\ 1964 sabv amkw 22 - \p tim bw am Gen-bm IØo-{Uen h- v, ae- -c-k-`-bm `c-w-l-s-\bv p hnt[-b-ambn AwKo-Icn- -s At ymjym ]m{xn-b o-kns {][m\ Im Ωn-I-Xz- Øn I n t`z-sat\y Cu k`-bnse kie taev]- - m-cp-tsbpw kl-i-c-w-tøm-sp-iq-sn, Xncp-ta\n ]uc-kvxy -Im-tXm-en- m-bmbn ÿm\m-tcm-lww snø-s - p. ]uc-kvxy -Im-tXm-en- m knw-lm-k\w t] jy-bn \n p ae- -c-bn-tebv p am n ÿm]n- -s - -tijw hmgn- -s \mem-asø ImtXm-en- -mbmwp Xncp-ta-\n-sb- n-epw, ae- ck`-bn ]cn-]q Æ sfiyhpw kam-[m-\hpw hnf-ßn-\n Hc- -co- -Øn hmgn- -s -Sp-hm-\n-S-bmb {]Ya ]uckvxy ImtXm-en- m-bm-bn-cp p Xncp-ta-\n-sb- p- Xv AXoh {it bamb hkvxp- X-bm-Wv. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]q -Ime Ncn-{Xhpw {]h Ø-\-ß-fp-sa mw kq va-\n-co- -W-Øn\p hnt[-b-am- p- -] w Xo -bmbpw Xncpta\n bym -Øn A ln- p Hc-kp-e` _lp-a-xn-bm-bn-cp p CsX p t_m y-s -Sp- -Xm-Wv. Cu kam-[m\w Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A y-im-ew -hsc \ne-\n p ImWp-hm `mky-ap- m-bn F Xp XnI pw tjz-i-c-amb as mcp hkvxp-x-bm-wv. C v Cu k`-bn A\p-`-h-s -Sp `n -Xbv p Xncp-ta-\ntbm Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS \nb-{ -W-Øn-ep k`-bnse `c-wk-an-xn-itfm bmsxmcp Imc-Whpw D m- n-bn- p-an-. CXn-\p-]cn A\p-kva-cn- n n-cn- p- -hn-[-øn Xs ap Kman-tb- mƒ IqSp-X BZ-c-thmSpw kulm ±-tøm-spw-iq-sn-bmwv ]. ]m{xn-b okv _mhmbp-ambn Xncp-ta\n CS-s]- p-sim- n-cp- -Xv. Cßs\ hfsc kulm ±am-bpw, sebpw sebpw ]c-kv]c [mc-w-iƒ v A\p-tbm- Py-a- mø bmsxm pw {]h Øn- m-sxbpw Ign- n-cp ka-b- Øm-Wv, XnI pw AIm-c-W-am-bn-Øs Ip{]-kn- -amb \º 203/ 1960 Iev]\ ]m{xn-b okv _mhm-bn \n p hcp-hm-\n-s-bm-b-xv. am txmωm- «o-lm-bpss knwlm-k-\-øn Bcq-V-\mb F hntijww D]-tbm-Kn- p- -Xns\ tnmzyw -snbvxpsim p B Iev]-\-bn, am txmωm -«o-lmbv p ]utcm-lnxyw e`n- n-cp- n-, X qew At±-l-Øn\p knwlm-k-\-hp-an, F Xp am{x-am-wt m FXn-cmbn D -bn- n-cn- p GI Btcm-]-Ww. Cu Btcm-]-WsØ ASn-ÿm-\-s -SpØn Xm B hn-ti-jww Dt]- n- p ] w, am txmωm -«o-lmbv v ]utcm-ln-xy-an- m-bn-cp p F ISpØ thzhn-]-co-xsø Xm\pw ]n Xm-ßn-b-Xm-bn -h-cp-at m F Nn, Xncpta-\nsb hf-sc-b-[niw t in- n- p. ]e kplr-øp- fpw kap-zmb t\xm- - mcpw k`m-k-am-[m-\sø {]Xn Cß-s\-sbmcp Xmev meni hn p-ho-gvnbv p Xncp-ta-\nsb t{]cn- n p t\m n-sb- nepw, Cu k`-bpss ÿm]-i-\mb am txmωm -«o-lmsb Xcw-Xm-gvØn-bn- v, Aß-s\-bp Hcp k`-bpss t\xrxzw X\n- m-h-iy-an F \ne- ]m-sn Xncp-ta\n ]c-am-h[n hnizm-k-zm Vyw {]I-S-am- p-i-bm-wp- m-bxv mw \º Iev]-\-bpsS bym -e yw Cu hnti-j- W-ap-]-tbm-Kn- p- Xp XS-bpI am{x-am-bn-cp- n-s p XpS p kw`-hhn-im-k-ß-fn \n p ]I t]mse hy -am-bn-cn- p Cu kµ `-Øn, A`n-hµy Xncp-ta\n sszhm-{i-b-tøm-sp-iqsn A p kzoi-cn \ne-]msv F{Xtbm icn-bm-bn-cp p F v BZ-c-]q w Rm Hm Øp-t]m-hp-I-bm-Wv. CXn-s -sb mw ^e-ambn Aev]w a\x-t -itømsp IqSn-bmWv Xncp-ta\n Cu temi-øn \n p bm{x-bm-ip-hm- \n-s-bm-b-sx- n-epw, am txmωm -«o-lm-bpss a -fmb ae- -c-k-`m - k- m-\-ß-fp-ss Zr n-bn Xncp-ta\n ]q m-[niw BZ-c-Wo-b-\mbn `hn- p-i-bm-wp- m-b-xv. Aßs\ B ]mh\ \maw ae- c kpdnbm\n k`m-n-cn-{x-øn kph Æ-en-]n-I-fn Øs tcj-s -Sp-Øp-

14 27 28 Ibpw snbvxp Ign- n-cn- p- p. Cu ]cn-ip ]nxmhv Znhw-K-X-\mbn A[n-I-Imew Ign-bp- -Xn\p ap ]p-x-s, Xncp-a-\- nse kw`-h-_-lp-e-amb Pohn-X-Øns Hcp kw n]vx Ncn-{X-sa-gp-Xp-hm k - -\mbn Fs bph-kvt\-ln- X si. hn. amω apt m- p-h- n-cn- p- Xv Nmcn-Xm y-p-\-i-am- Wv. ae-bmf at\m-c-a-bpss ]{Xm-[n-]- k-an-xn-bnse Hcw-K-amb amω, B `mcn Npa-X-e-Iƒ p ]pd-ta, ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdnbm\n k`m kw_- -amb hnhn[ cwk-ß-fn D m-l-]q w {]h Øn- p-sim- n-cn- p Hcp hy n-bm-wv. {]txy-in v Hm ØtUmIvkv hnzym n{]ÿm-\w, bph-p-\-{]-ÿm\w apx-emb Bflob kwl-s-\-i-fn Zo L-Ime-ambn At±lw ka -W- _p ym A\p-jvTn- p-h-cp tkh-\-߃ {]iw-k-\o-b-am-wv. N vho- ven, ae- -c-k-`, Hm Ø-tUmIvkv bqøv XpS-ßnb k`m-]-c-amb {]kn- o-i-c-w-߃ hgn-bmbpw At±lw ae- c kpdn-bm\n-k-`bv v hne-tb-dnb kw`m-h-\-iƒ \ Ins m mwncn- p- -Xv. Cßs\ hnhn-[ -\n-e-i-fn \nkvx-{µ-amb {]h Ø-\-ß-fn G s - n-cn- p amω, CXn-s\- m-an-s-bn Cu Po-hNcn-{X-{KŸw Xøm-dm- p-hm k - -\mbn apt m- p-h- n- p- Xv XnI pw kt m-j-{]-z-am-wv. Npcpßnb ka-bw-sim v Cu {KŸw `wkn-bmbn FgpXn Xøm-dm- n bxn At±-lsØ A`n-\-µn- bpw CXn\v F m-hn[ ip`m-iw-k- Ifpw t\cp-ibpw snbvxp-sim- v, Rm CXp s]mxp-p-\-k-a w Ah-X-cn- n- p-sim- p- p. ]. HutK {]Y-a _mhm Xncp-a-\- nse a y-ÿ-{]m -\-Iƒ \ap v tim -bm-bn-cn- -s. tim\m v A{_lmw aev]m ]mºm- ps A\p-kva-cWw Imew snbvx ]pwy-t«m-i-\mb tamdm am _t -en-tbmkv HutK {]Ya _mhm-bpss Poh-N-cn-{X-Øn tn m Hc-\p-kvacWw FgpXn Ab-bv -W-sa v {KŸ-I Øm-hmb si. hn. amω Ft m-sm-h-iy-s - -X-\p-k-cn v Fs A\p-`-h-Ønepw Hm Ω-bnepw hcp Nne Imcy-߃ Ipdn- p- -Xn F\n- -Xn-bmb kt m-j-ap v. At±lw sa{xm-\m-ip- -Xn\v Hcp h jw apºmwv Rm P\n- p- -Xp-X-s apx 1964 ae- ck`-bpss ]c-am- y- - \mbn Ah-tcm-[n- -s -Sp- -Xp-hsc At±lw I -\msv `{Zm-k-\-Øns sa{xm-t m-eoøm Bbn `cn- p apx 1958 hsc-bp At±-l- Øns PohnXw Im ta-l-ßfpw timfn-f- -ßfpw I -X-Ifpw srcp- -ßfpw \nd- -Xm-bn-cp- p ImtXm-en- m -ÿm-\-tøbv v sxc-s -Sp- -s - p ]cn-ip- -\mb Koh-dpKokv ZznXo-b ImtXm-en- m-_mhm Imew snbvx-tijw ImtXm-en- m-bmbn Ah-tcm- [n- -s - p. tij-ap h j-߃ At±-l-Øns Pohn-X-Ønse kph Æ- Im-e-L- -am-bn-cp- p. `mky-kva-c-wm l-\mb At±lw 1975 Unkw-_ 8 mw XobXn Imew -sn-bvxp. Hcp sa{xm-t m-eoøm F \ne-bnepw ImtXm-en- m-sb \ne-bnepw At±-lsØ F\n v ASp- Ø-dn-bm km[n- n- p- v. Ct±lw ]søm ]Xmw \q m- ns Ah-km\w C m- n \n v e`n- m-hp hnzym-`ymkw ]q Øn-bm- n-b-tijw ioa- m-c o_msi-ωm-is IqsS ioa-cm-py-ß-fnse ]e Zb-dm-I-fnepw Xma-kn v kpdnbm-\n- `m-jbn In m-hp- n-s-tømfw ]pkvx-i-߃ hmbn- p-ibpw ]Tn- p-ibpw ]pkvx-i-߃ ]I Øn Fgp-Xp-Ibpw snbvxp-sim- n-cp- p. thz-im-kv{x-øn AKm-[ -]m-finxyw t\sn. IqSmsX kpdn-bm\n -`mj-bn hyp ]Øn kºm-zn- p-ibpw snbvxp. C m- nepw ioa-bnepw HutK _mhm-sb-t mse kpdn-bm\n`mjm -]-fin-x-\mbn Ccp-]Xmw \q m- n thsd Bcpw D m-bn- n-. BPo-h-\m w FgpØpw hmb- \bpw ]T-\-hp-ambn Ign- p-iq- nb Hcp alm-\m-bn-cp p At±-lw. sxmæqdn-t\m-s-sp-sø-øn-bn pw kpdn-bm-\n-bnepw ae-bm-f-ønepw Ihn-X-Ifpw {KŸ-ßfpw Na-bv -Ø- -h-æ-ap `mjm-kzm-[o-\hpw Hm Ω-i- nbpw I Ω-ti-jnbpw At±lw {]Z in- n- n- p- v. hn. Ip m-\bv v D]-tbm- Kn- p lqtøm-ωm - -kpdn-bm-\nbpw ae-bm-fhpw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS IrXn-bm-Wv. sa{xm- m D]-tbm-Kn- p ] w-sim-s -]p-kvx-i-߃, ] n- Iq-Zmi ]pkvx-i-߃ XpS-ßn-b-hbpw At±lw ae-bm-f-øn-te p

15 29 30 KZyhpw ]Zyhpw Bbn X na snbvxn- p- v. IqSmsX a p {]txyi IqZm-i- {I-a-߃, {]m \ ]pkvx-i-߃ (Ip-cn-ipw-sXm n IqZm-i, iht m IqZmi XpS-ßn-bh, am tøm-ωm- «o-lm-bpss Hm Ω-Zn-h-ksØ {]m -\, Koh-dp-Kokv kl-zm-bpss Hm Ω-Zn-h-ksØ {]m -\, ]cpa-e -Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS Hm Ω-Zn-h-ksØ {]m -\) F n-hbpw At±lw cnn- n- p- v. hnizm-k-k-xy-߃, kp -l-tzm-kp-iƒ, ac-wm-\- c Ahÿ XpS-ßnb {KŸ-ßfpw At±-l-Øns IrXn-I-fm-Wv. ae- -c-k` XnI pw kzbwio j-i-xz-ap Hcp kzx{ k`-bm-bncn- -W-sa- p- -Xm-bn-cp p At±-l-Øns B{K-lw. aømbn siωmi-\mbn ioa-bn Xma-kn- p- Ime-ØmWv A_vZ an-inlm ]m{xnb o-kns ^ am (Aw-Ko-Im-c-]-{Xw) Xp n kp Øm ]n hen- p- Xpw A_vZp ]m{xn-b o-kns ÿm\m-tcm-lww \S- p- Xpw. A v AhnsS \S- p-sim- n-cp k`m-cm-{ o-b-ønse A \ms-i-ßfpw AXp kw_- n- p bym ÿnxn-k-xn-ifpw DS-\p- S At±lw ChnsS Adn-bn- p-sim- n-cp- p. Xs -bp-a-, A_vZ aninlm ]m{xn-b o-kns ÿm\-øn-t\m, ] -Xz-Ønt\m bmsxmcp \yq\-xbpw Cs pw At±-l-Øns IØp-I-fn hy -am-bn-cp- p. apºv tim\m v amø aev]m-\ ImtXm-en- m- knw-lm-k\w ae- -cbn ÿm]n- -W-sa p ImWn v A_vZ a-inlm ]m{xn-b o-kn\v Fgp-Xn-bn- p-ap v (1908 [\p-amkw 30- mw XobXn). AXv kzoi-cn- -s - n. F m Cub-h-k-c-Øn ae- -c-bn ImtXm-en-t v A\p-h- Zn p Xcp- -Xn\v A_vZ an-inlm A\p-Iq-e-nbmWv F pw -IqSn Adnbn- p. Npcp- -Øn ae- -c-bn ImtXm-en-t v ÿm]n- p- -Xn-\p ] m-øew ImWn- p-sim-sp- p- -Xn aømbn siωmi henb ] p hln- n- p- v. A_vZp ]m{xn-b okv ae- -c-bn h v h -t»-cn Xncp-ta-\nsb aps- nb kw`-h-øm ae- -c-bn kwpm-x-amb {]Xn-k- n-bn ImtXm-en-t - p-ambn apt -dm \ap v km[n- Xv aømbn siωmi (]n- osv HutK dºm ) \n \n p e`n Adn-bn- p-ifpw \n t±-i-ß-fp-amwv. BZysØ ImtXm-en- m -hm-gvn-bn At±lw (HutK dºm ) kl-i-cn p F nepw ]n osv Xncn- p-\n- p. ]t Imew At±-lsØ ho pw ImtXm-en-t - ns sxmgp-øn sim psn p \ndp-øn. as mcp {][m-\-s kw`m-h\, am tøm-ωm -«o-lm-bpss knwlmk\w kw_- n v At±lw FSpØ Dd \ne-]m-sm-wv. am tøm-ωm- «o-lmsb kw_- n v ]d-bp-tºmƒ At±lw 1 timcn D -cn- pw. kphn-ti-j-øm ae- -c-k-`sb P\n- n ]nxm-hmb txmωm-«olm C Uy k`-bpss At m-kvtxm-e-\m-wv. At±lw ]t{xm-kn \n v H pw Xmsg-b-. ae- ck` At±-l-Øns knwlm-k-\-am-wv. Cu Imcy߃ At±lw Dds Nn n- p-ibpw ]d-bp-ibpw snbvxn-cp p. At±lsØ ImtXm-en- m-bmbn Ah-tcm-[n Znhkw \S- -Xmb A\p-tam- Z-\- k-tω-f-\-øn At±lw C mcyw Dds {]Jym-]n- p. ae- -c-k` am tøm-ωm- «o-lm-bpss knwlm-k-\-am-wv. ]t{xmkpw txmωmbpw Xpey- mcpw ktlm-z-c-ß-fp-am-wv. At ym-jym-bn ]t{xmkpw ae- - c-bn txmωmbpw k`-iƒ ÿm]n- p. Ah bp-am-\\pw Zmk-\p-a F v A v A -i- - n-s-bn- m-ø-hn[w At ymjym ]m{xn-b okv thzn-bn Ccn-s -Øs At±lw {]kvxm-hn- p-i-bp- m-bn. ae- -c-k-`-bpss kzbwio j-i-xz-tøbpw kzmx-{ y-tøbpw l\n- p-hm\pw ImtXm-en-t - ns\ At ym-jym-bpss Hcp shdpw B m- \p-h Øn-bm-bn p am p-hm-\pap \o -Øns `mk-ambn am tømωm «olmbv p ] -Xz-an F p ]m{xn-b - o-kns 1970 se mw \º Iev]\ h -t mƒ kzxth im \pw skua\pw Bbn ImWs -Sm-dp am HutK _mhm knwl-sø-t mse ks-ip-s-s -gpt p. X adp-]-snbpw simsp-øp. At±-l- -Øns Zo L-ho- -W-Øn-s bpw k`-bpss `mhn-sb- - nbp kpnn- n-x-am-bxpw ka-tbm-nn-x-hp-amb {]mtbm-kni _p n bpssbpw Hcp aip-tsm-zm-l-c-w-amwv ae- c sa{xm-t m-eoøm ÿm\hpw ImtXm-en- m -ÿm-\hpw Xm Pohn- n-cn- p-tºmƒ Xs Xs ]n Kmanbv p ssiam-dp- -Xv. AXv Ncn-{X-Øn A[n-I-sam pw ImWmØ Hcp al kw`-h-am-wv. Xm own-x-\m-ip- p-sh v kzbw t_m yam-b-t mƒ _ -s Bfp-Isf hnfn- p. ""Fs -s m v Fs - nepw km[n- m-\p-s - n Ct mƒ snbvxp-sim- Ww; ]n osv ]cn-x-]n- n p Imcy-an '' F p ]d-bp-i-bp- m-bn. Cu ap -dn-bn- ns Kuchw a\- n-em- nb Bfp-Iƒ AXns apj-hne-bv p -Xs FSpØ-pw BZyambn ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-øm -ÿm\w ]n Km-an v ssiam-dn-s m- p Iev]\ simsp-øp. At mƒ Xs ]d- p ImtXm-en- m ÿm\hpw H pw sshimsx ]n Km-ansb Gev]n- p-hm-\p \S-]-Sn-Iƒ \S-Ø-Wsa v. X ^-e-ambn 1975 HtŒm-_ 27- mw XobXn ]n Km-ansb ImtXmen- m-bmbn ÿm\mtcmlww \S-Øn. Cu c p Imcy-ßfpw snbvxp- I-gn- -Xns 41- mw Znhkw At±lw Cl-tem-I-hmkw shsn p F p- Xv Hm p-tºmƒ At±-l-Øns Zo L-Zr- nbpw sszh-\-s-øn pw {]mtbm-kn-i-_p- nbpw k`-bpss `mhn-sb- - n-bp henb Icp-Xepw F{X al-ø-c-am-bn- p- -Xm-bn-cp p F p- Xv \njv {]bmkw a\- n-em- p-

16 31 32 hm Ign-bpw. BPo-hm-\ w Hcp {_ -Nm-cnbpw Hcp Xm]-k\pw bym Zb-dm- m-c-\p-am-bn-cp- p. {]m -\-bnepw D]-hm-k-Ønepw ae- -c-bn ]cpaeøn-cp-ta\n Ign- m C{X-tbsd D n-cp- n- p as mcp ]nxm-hns\ I p-in- m {]bm-k-am-wv apx ImtXm-en-t - n tn p \n -Xns ^e-ambn `{Zm-k- \-Ønse sxmæqdp ix-am\w ] n-ifpw Xs Dt]- n- p. hcp-am\ am -ß-fn- msx Bbn. aqhm- p-]pg Ac-a\ si n-s-øn (]-gb Hcp Po Æn si n-sw) 1958 hsc At±lw Ac- - n-wn-bnepw apgp- - n-wn-bnep-ambn Ign- p-iq-snb kµ `-߃ C p ]e pw Adn- p-iqsm. A m-e-søm-s bpw {]m -\bpw D]-hm-khpw FgpØpw hmb-\bpw am{xw ]pkvx-i-߃ X a snøp- -Xnepw ]pxnb {KŸ-߃ cnn- p- -Xnepw hym]r-x-\m-bn-cp- p. I -Im-eØp XI p-x-cn- -W-am- ImsX At±-lsØ \ne-\n Øn-bXpw i n-s -Sp-Øn-bXpw At\-I- Im-e-߃sIm v cq]-s -Sp-Øn-sb-SpØ Xm]-k-Ncy am{xam-wv. a p- -hsc _lp-am-\n- p- -Xnepw BZ-cn- p- -Xnepw At±lw as - m-hsc- mfpw ap ]- n-bn-em-bn-cp- p At±-lsØ ImtXmen m ÿm\-tøbv v sxc-s -Sp-Ø-t mƒ A sø ImtXm-en- m `mky-kva-c-wm l-\mb Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b _mhm C{]-Imcw ]d-bp- I-bp- m-bn. ""sim mw. \ΩpsS ]n Km-an. -]t hn\bw Aev]w IqSp- X-em-sW p am{xw.'' Hcp a\p-jy-t\bpw At±lw A]-am-\n- p-itbm Ip w ]d-bp-itbm Bsc- - nbpw ]po-ambn kwkm-cn- p-itbm snømdn- m-bn-cp- p. {][m-\-s Imcy-߃ hcp-tºmƒ hfsc Npgn- n-d-ßp _p nbpw Btem-N-\bpw Imgv-N- mspw At±-l-Øn-\p- m-bn-cp- p. thw-sa p txm nbm X ÿm\øp th -Xp-t]m-ep {]tbm-k-߃ \S- Øm\pw Adn-bmw. AXv snøp-ibpw snøp-am-bn-cp- p. Rm _me-\m-bn-cn- p Imew apx At±-l-Øn\v Fs Adnbmw. Ft msv henb hm -ey-hp-am-bn-cp- p. Fs ]nxr-k-tlm-zc ]qh-øp- sf v txmakv IØ-\m hfsc sndp- -Øn Xs acn- p-t]m-bn. B kml-n-cy-øn F\n p ] w Xc-W-sa v \n t±-in- Xv HutK _mhm-bmwv (Hu-tK am Xntam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n). ]n osv F\n v ]q Æ- si-ωm-iv -] w X Xpw Iio-im-] w X Xpw At±lw Xs -bm-wv. Fs sa{xm-t m-eoøm Bbn hmgn- Xpw Xncpta-\n-bmWv. At±-l-Øns {]bmk Ime-L- -ß-fn aqhm- p-]pgbpw ]nd-høpw At±-l-tØm-sSmØp Xma-kn- n- p- v. ImtXm-en- m-bm-b- Xn\v tijw ss{]h v sk{i- dn Bbn- pw, kp -l-tzm-kns Hm^okv sk{i- dn Bbn pw Xma-kn- n- p- v. Nne kµ `-ß-fn At±-l-Øns A`n-{]m-b-tØmSv apgp-h-\mbn tbmpn- m-sxbpw Ccp- n p v. F n-cp- mepw At±lw ]nxr-\n- -hn-ti-j-ambn kvt\ln- p-ibpw Hcp ]p{xs\-t mse IW- m- p-ibpw snbvxn-cp- p. Hcp k Sw Ah-ti-jn- p- p. At±lw Imew snøp kµ `-Øn Rm hntz-i-øm-bn-cp- - Xn-\m B A y-bm{x-b-b- n ] p-sim- m Ign- n-. hnhcw Adn p sπbn In n h -t m-tgbv pw I_dS w Ign- n-cp- p. F nepw At±-l-Øns alma\-kvi-x-bpss apºn Rm F pw BZ-cm-RvP-en-Iƒ A n- p-sim-t -bn-cn- p- p. `mky-kva-c-wm l-\mb HutK _m-hm-sb- n Cu sndnb Ipdn v Fgp-Xp-hm Fs t{]cn- n v AXn\v Ah-k-c-ap- m- n-ø si. hn. amωs Cu ]cn-{i-asø sszhw A\p-{K-ln- s F v Biw-kn- p- Ibpw {]m n- p-ibpw snøp- p. tpmk^v am ]t m-an-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm sk v txmakv Zbdm sh n- apf- p-cpøn

17 33 34 ImtXm-en-t - ns Imh `-S- ae -c-k-`-bnse ImtXm-en-t - ns bym Ncn-{X -]- m-øew Adn-bm-hp h p am{xta HutK {]Y-a _mhm Xs \nkvx-{µamb {]h Ø\-ß-fn-eqsS ImtXm-en-t - ns Imh `-S-\mb kw`h IY a\- n-em-ip-i-bp- p. Hcp dºm-\m-bn-cp ImeØv At ym-iy-bnse ÿnxn-hn-h-c-߃ t\cn- p-i v ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bm-bn-cp h t»-cn Xncp-ta-\nsb [cn- n- Xpw ImtXm-en-t v ]p\-ÿm-]n- m-\p am -߃ FgpXn Adn-bn- Xpw \nc-w-øp-h- p, Xs ]nxmhns Kpcp-hmb I -\msv CS-h-I-bpsS ]ueqkv am Cuhm-\n-tbmkns\ H mw ImtXm-en- -mbmbn am A_vtZZv ainlm hmgn- -t mƒ Xs tae- y- s hne- ns\ a\- m- n- p-øp-sim v \ncm-i-cn- Xpw k`m kam-[m-\-߃ pth n Bep-hm-bn h p HutK am Xotam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm \S-Ønb B ym-flni cwksø AXnkml-kn-I-amb A na{iaw ]cm-p-b-s - Xpw XpS v 1942 aqhm- p-]pg h p ]. _t -en-tbmkv Koh-dp-Kokv c m-a ImtXm-en- m- _mhmsb kzoi-cn- Xpw Ah-km\w ImtXm-en m Bb-t mƒ am tøm- Ωm-bpsS knwlm-k-\-øn\pw A -kvtxm-eni ]Z-hn pw FXn-cmbn D - X-ÿm-\-ß-fn \n v Db i -amb \o -ßsf XI ØXpw ]. HutK _mhmsb ImtXm-en-t - ns Imh `-S-\m n. Dd- -an- mø DW p- -h-\mb B Imh `Ss A Imh amem-j-bpss H ]Xp ZiIw \o p-\n AXy w {]tnm-z-\-{]-z-amb Pohn-X-Øns khn-ti-jxifn-te p \ap v H p ItÆm-Sn mw. B hnip PohnX Xcw-K-Wnbn H p -ap-ßn- p-fn mw. snbvx ]m]-߃ Igp-In- -f-bmw. AtXm-sSm- w-xs At ymiym ]m{xn-b o-k- m ae- -c-bn GsX mw hn[-øn-emwp Ign \mep \q m- p-iƒ n-s-bn {]iv\- ߃ kr n- -sx Ncn{XkXyw icn p a\- n-em- m Cu hnj-b- Øn Bg-amb ]T\w \S-Ønb I -\m-sv CS-h-I-bpsS tum. -txm-akv am AØm-\m-tkym-kns ""hgn-hn CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ {]iv\w kr n- p p'' F {it -b-amb tej\w At±lw 1999 HtŒm-_-dn cnn "" At ymiym ae- c _ w: Hcp ]p\-c-t\z-jww'' F ]T\m lhpw Nnt m-±o-]-i-hp-amb sndp]p-kvx-i-øn \n v (aq mw A ym-bw) D cn- p- p: ae- -c-k-`-bp-am-bp _ -Øn At ymjym ]m{xn-b t v ]pe-e Øn-h-cp- Xv h o-b-hpw - -hn-th-n-\m-]-chp-amb A[o-i-Xz-`mh-amWv. \ap v \oxn e`n- pi {]bm-k-am-wv. ae- -c-bp-am-bp CS-s]-S-ep-I-fn ASn-ÿm\ acym- Z-Ifpw A -S- hpw At ymjym knwlm-k\w ]men- m-dn-. ae- ck`-bp-ambn am{x-a Cu {]iv\-ap- -Xv. a p k`-i-fpss B`y- -c -Im-cy-ßtUm. -txm-akv am AØm-\m-tkym-kv hgn-hn CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ {]iv\w kr n- p p fnepw CS-s] v Ipg- -߃ kr n- p A\m-tcmKy {]h-wx At ymjym knwlm-k\w ]pe Ønhcp- p- v. k`m _ -Ønse Cu IS- p-i-b- -amwv ae- -c - -At- ymjym kulr-z-øn\pw XI -bp- m- p as mcp hkvxp-x. ae- -c-k` At ymjym ]m{xn-b o-kns Iogn-em-bn-cp- n-. F m t]m p-ko-kp-im-cp-am-bp- mb kmwkvim-cn-i- - A-[n-Imc hnjb-ß-fnse kwl j-ß-fn, A sø ae- ck`-bpss `c-wm-[n-imcn-bm-bn-cp txmakv A -Zn-bm- Xs hn`m-k-øns \ne-\n-ev n- \mbn F m ]uckvxy ]m{xn-b o-kp-am-tcmspw klmbw A`y n p. ae- -c-k-`-bpss A`y- c {]iv\-øn CS-s]-Sm Ah Bcpw Xømdm-bn. F m At ymjym ]m{xn-b t v Chn-SsØ hnπh {Kq n\v ]n pw \evin-sim v am {KotKm-dn-tbmkv A_vZp Peo-ens\ Ctßm- -b- p. am tømωm {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS B`y- c {]iv\-øn CS-s]- -txmss Cu kaq-l-øns hn`-p\w A\n-hmcyhpw imiz-x-hpam-bn. aq n c p -`mkw kpdn-bm-\n- mcpw ]m{xn-b t - ns CS-s]- S AwKo-I-cn- n-. F nepw Cu CS-s]-S aqew am tømωm {InkvXym- \n-iƒ c p hn`m-k-ß-fm-bn-øo p. ]m{xn-b t v CS-s]- n- m-bn-cps - n Cu B`y- c Ielw Xms\ ian- p- -Xn-\m-bn-cp p km yx. ae- -c-k-`-bpss Imcy-Øn-se- -t]mse B`y- c Ie-l-ßsf apxem- n-s m v At ymjym ]m{xn-b t v CXc k`-i-fnepw CS-s] v {]iv\-߃ kr n Ncn{X kw`-h-ß-fp- v. Ae-Ivk{ nb ]m{xn-b t - ns Iogn-ep tim]v - niv k`-bpss AXn Øn- p- n `{Zm-k-\-ßfpw B{i-a-ßfpw a[y-i-x-i-ß-fn At ym-jy ]m{xn-b t v kr n p. F m tim]v n- pim Cu `{Zm-k-\-ßfpw ÿm]-\-ßfpw ]nsn-s - SpØv kz -am- n. Cu A\-[n-IrX CS-s]-S Zo L-Ime i{x-pxbv- v

18 35 36 Im-c-W-am-bn. AXp-t]m-se-Xs ]. bm-t m_v XrXo-b ]m{xn-b okv _mhm A ta-\n-b ImtXm-en-t m-kns Iogn e_-t\m-\n At±-lsØ FXn p Hcp {Kq n-\p-th n Hcp ]m{xn-b o-kns\ hmgn- p. Cu \S-]Sn A tω-\n-b k`-bn Ac \q m- p-im-esø A -On-{Z- Øn\pw hn`- m-h-ÿbv pw hgn-sbm-cp- n. A tω-\n-b ]m{xn-b okm-bn-cp hkvi Imew snbvx-t mƒ _Z ]m{xn-b o-kns\ Ccp -hn-`m-k-ßfpw AwKo-I-cn v A Ωo-\n-b ImtXm-en-t m-kmbn kzoicn- p. CtXm-sS-bmWv Cu ioiva Ah-km-\n- -Xv. At ymjym ]m{xnb t - ns A\m-h-iy-amb Cu CS-s]-S a[y-]q -tz-iøv Ccp-k-`- I-sfbpw \o Ime-tØbv v i{xp-x-bn-em- n IfpsS Bcw-`-Øn I Zmb kpdn-bm-\n- k`bnse Hcp sshzn- Is\ bm q_v XrXo-b ]m{xn-b okv _mhm, am Xntam-Øntbmkv imeoø F t]cn ta ]- - m-c-\mbn hmgn v Cdm- n I Zmb `{Zm-k-\-Øn _Z sa{xm-t m-eo-ø-mbmbn Ah-tcm-[n p. F m P\-߃ At±-lsØ Xnc-kvI-cn- -Xn-\m ] Xn s]mfn- p. `{Zmk\w \ -s At±lw Ct mƒ bqtdm- n Hcp s]t{smƒ _ n tpmen snbvxv D]-Po-h\w txsp- p! Ah-kcw e`n- p nssø mw A\-[n-Ir-X-ambn CS-s] v A[n-Im-ckoa hnkvxr-x-am- p At ymjym ]m{xn-b t - ns Cu {]h-wx k`m c _ -߃ v hfsc lm\n-i-c-am-wv. C mcyw kqnn- n- p- -Xn-\m-Wv ta ]-d kw`-h-߃ D -cn- -Xv. ae- -c-k` 17 - mw \q m- ns A y-]m-z-øn At ymjym ]m{xnb o-kns `c-w-øn Iognemb tijw Cu k`-bn -]m-{xn-b okv _mhm-bpss CS-s]-S ]e-x-c-øn-em-wv. 1. ae- -c-k-`-bpss `c-w-øn Bh-iy-s -Sm-sXbpw hyhÿ IqSmsXbpw CS-s]-Sp- p. 2. k`-bnse Akw-Xr]vX hn`m-ksø Iq p-]n-sn v B`y- c {]iv\- ߃ aq On- p-hm-\p kml-ncyw kr n- p- p. 3. A\-[n-Ir-X-ambpw Btem-N-\-bn- m-sxbpw k`m-t\-xr-xz-øn\v hne pw aps pw \S-Øn-s m v _Z kwhn-[m-\-߃ v {ian- p p. 4. tims-xn-hn-[n-iƒ hnk-wn- p-sim v \nb-a-øn\v hncp- -ambpw AXo- X-ambpw {]h Øn- p- p. 5. t\cn- p `c-w-øn\v km[yx \ Ip {]ÿm-\-߃ v cq]w simsp- p- -Xn-t\mSv kl-i-cn- p-sim v ae- -c-bn A[n-Imc t]m - p-iƒ \ne-\n Øp-hm bxv\n- p- p. C m-cy-ß-sf mw k`-bpss ImenI Ncn{Xw hni-i-e\w snøp GsXm-cmƒ pw hy -am-ip kxy-ß-fm-wv. ae- ck`-bpss `c-w-øn Bh-iy-s -Sm-sXbpw hyh-ÿm-]n-x-a- m-sxbpw At ymjym ]m{xn-b t v \S-Ønb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ v DZml-c-W-߃ \nc-h[nbmwv. Ah-bn {]Xn-k- n-iƒ kr n Nne-Xpam{Xw ]cm-a in- p- p. Iq\ Ipcniv kxy-øn-\p-tijw ae- ck`-bnep- mb {][m\ ]nf v am tøm-ωm-k-`-bpss cq]-h -c-w-tømss D m-b-xm-wv. AXn-\p-Im-cWw axyqkv am AØm-\m-kn-tbm-kns\ hmgn- Xpw ]n osv ]pd-øm- n-b-xp-am-wv. At±-lsØ hmgn- Xv A sø ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bpss A`y -\tbm, Adn-thm, IqSm-sX-bm-bn-cp- p. {Iahncp- -amb Cu hmgn- BZyw apx t {]iv\-߃ kr n- m XpS-ßn. CXns\ FXn Ø hn`m-k-øns XmXv]cyw am{xw ]cn-k-wn v \njv]- -am-b- At\z-jWw \S-Øp-Itbm At±-l-tØmSv hni-zo-i-cww tnmzn- p-itbm snømsx At±-l-Øns\-Xnsc in m-\-s-]sn FSp-Øp. ]p\ Nn -bn- mø Cu \S-]Sn ae- ck`sb ]nf n-se-øn- p. Cu \q m- ns Bcw-`-Øn ae- c sa{xm-t m-eoøm Bbn-cp h t»-cn am Znh- m-tkymkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bpss t]cn A_vZp m ]m{xn-b okv _mhm \S-]Sn ssis m- Xpw k`-bn Zqc-hym-]-I-amb `hn-jy-øp- ƒ Df-hm- n. \ho-i-c-w- m-cp-am-bp- mb tikn tdmb timsxn hn[n {]Imcw At ymjym ]m{xn-b okn\v ae- ck`-bn `uxni A[n-Im-c-߃ H p-an-. F m B hn[n v hn]-co-x-ambn sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bn \n pw ] n-i-fn \n pw `uxn-im-[n-im-c-߃ AwKo-I-cn- n- p-sim- p DS-º-Sn-Iƒ ]m{xnb okv _mhm Bh-iy-s - p. CXn\v am Znh- m-tkymkv hgn-s Sm- Xn-cn- p-ibpw Nne ] n- m sndpøp \n p-ibpw snbvx-t mƒ kzm`m-hni \oxn-t]mepw IW- n-se-sp- msx At±-lsØ aps- n. ]m{xn-b okv _mhm-bpss Cu \S-]Sn kr n `n X k`-bn Gsd- mew \ne-\n- p A_vZp avinlm ]m{xn-b okv _mhm ae -c-bn ImtXmen-t v ÿm]n- p. At±lw k`m-`-cww \n -ln- n-cp ImeØv AXn- \p A`y \ ChnsS \n v ka n- n-cp- -Xm-Wv. A v "ImtXm-en-

19 37 38 t v ÿm]n- p-hm Bh-iy-s -Sp- -h i]n- -s - -h ' F v Iev]n hy n-bmwv At±-lw. F m `c-w-øn \n p ]pd-øm-bt mƒ ae- c k`-bn X\n v ]n pw e`n- m\pw A_vZp m ]m{xnb okv _mhm-tbmsv ]I Xo m\pw ] nb Ah-k-c-ambn I mwv ae -c-bn ImtXm-en-t v ÿm]n- p-hm At±lw k - -\m-b-xv. ae- c k`sb kw_- n- n-s-tømfw kµ `-h-im CXp KpW-I-c-ambn-Øo s - nepw Ncn-{X-]-c-ambn Dt±-iy-ip n tnmzyw snø-s -Sm-hp ae- c k`m `c-w-ønse ]m{xn-b o-kns ssii-s-ø-em-bn-cp- p CXpw. k`m hn`-p-\-øn\v apºv CXv kw`-hn- n-cp-s - n Hcp]t ae- c k`-bnse I n hg v D m-ipambn-cp- n am tømωm «olm-bpss ]utcm-lnxyw t]mepw \ntj-[n- p-sim v bm q_v XrXo-b ]m{xn-b okv _mhm ae- -c-k-`bv v I ]\ Ab- Xpw k`-bnse ]nf v io{lhpw ]q Æ-hp-am- p-hm Imc-W-am- nb A\-[n-IrX \S-]-Sn-bm-bn-cp- p. Aßs\ k`m hn`-p\w kw`-hn- -t mƒ ]m{xn-b okv _mhmbv v bty w ae- -c-bn CSs]-Sp- -Xn-\p Ah-kcw e`n- p ChnsS _Z sslcm n D m- n-b-t mƒ IS- p-i-b w Ffp- -am- p- -Xn\v ImtXm-en-t - ns A[n-Im-c-߃ sh n- p-cp- n. ImtXm-en m hmgvn-bn ChnsS \n v FgpXn Xøm-dm n sim p-t]m-bn-cp i aqk ]m{xn-b okv _mhm hmbn pt\m p-i-t]mepw snømsx ImtXm-en- mbv v A[n-Im-csam pw \ ImØ H n t{ijvt-_m-hm-sb-s m v H n-sp-hn- p. Cu hnhcw t\csø ]m{xn-b okv _mhm [cn- n- p-t]m-ep-an-. hmgvnbv p Xte cm{xn-bn BWnXv ]pd-sø-sp-ø-xv. At m-tg v hmgn- -s -Sp- -Xn \n p ]n m-dm t{ijvt ImtXm-en m _mhmbv v km[n- pam-bn-cp- n-. t{ijvt ImtXm-en m Xm ]m{xn-b o-kn\v Fgp-Xns m-sp-t n h hnt[b]{xsø ]n osv hne-bn-cp-øp- Xv C{]- Im-c-am-Wv. "C{X-am{Xw A]-am-\-I-chpw A - n- m-ø-xp-amb Hcp DS- ºSn Fgp-Xn-s m-spøv Bcpw Hcn-SØpw ÿm\-ta- n- p- m-bn-cn- p-ibn-. AXv i aqk Bbn-cp- n- ; bp-am-\\v Hc-Sna Fgp-Xn-s m-spø hnt[-b-]-{x-am-bn-cp p' (1989 sk]vxw-_-dn ]m{xn-b okv _mhmbv v Fgp-Xnb IØn \n v) ImtXm-en- msb hmgn- t mƒ {]Jym- ]n A[n-Im-c-߃ t]mepw 1981 se kp -l-tzmkv Ih snbvxp. ae- c k`-bpss kzmx-{ y-øn-t -ep A\-[n-Ir-X-amb Itø- -am-bncp p {]kvxpx tbmk-ønse Hmtcm \S-]-Snbpw Xocp-am-\-hpw. kjm {]Y-a ]m{xn-b okv _mhm-bm-is Chn-SsØ B`y c Imcy-ß-fn \nc- cw CS-s]- p-h-cp- p. timsxn hne- p-iƒ \ne-\nev p-tºmƒ Xs kp -l-tzmkv IqS-epw, `cwkanxn tbmk-ß-fpw, Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp- -ep-sa mw XIr-Xn-bmbn \S- p- -Xn\v At±lw A\paXn \ In-s m- n-cn- p- p. CØcw \S-]-Sn-Iƒ v h \nb-a-km-[p-x-bpapt m F Xv Hcp {]iv\-ta-b bm q_v XrXo-b ]m{xnb okpw 1989 kjm {]Y-a _mhmbpw t{ijvt ImtXm-en m _mhmsb aps- p-hm \S-]-Sn-Iƒ Bcw-`n-s - nepw ae- -c-bnse Hcp `mkw i -ambn FXn Ø-Xn-\m {]tbm-k-øn-em-bn-s p am{xw. CØcw CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ Zp -l-am-b-t m-gmwv 1993 Chn-sS-bp `qcn- ] w sa{xm-t m-eo-ø- mcpw AXn-s\-Xnsc \oßn-bxpw kp -l-tzmkv sk{i- dnsb am n {]Xn-jvTn- -Xp-sa- mw. ]me- p- Øv axyqkv am AØm-\m-kn-tbm-kns Ime-Øpw, h t»-cn am Znh- m-kn-tbm-kns `c-w-øn-epw, tbmpn k`-bn 1970 Ifn-epw, t{ijvt ImtXm-en m _mhm-bpss `c-w-im-ew apgp-h-\nepw ChnsS ]m{xn-b t v \nc- -c-ambn A\-[n-Ir-X-ambn CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ \S-Øn-b-Xp-sIm- mwv k`-bnse B`y- c {]iv\-߃ C{Xbpw cq am-bxpw ]nf v imiz-x-h-xv cn- -s - -Xpw. c m-asø Imcyw, Cu A\-[n-IrX `cw ssii-s-ø-ep-i-sf mw ]m{xn-b okv \S-Øn-bn-cp- Xv Chn-SpsØ ÿm]nx XmXv]-cy- m-cpambn Iq p-tn m-bn-cp p F -Xm-Wv. ]me- p- Øv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ÿm\e_v[n-bn Akw-Xr-]vX-cm-b-h At±-lsØ ]pd-øm- m Bcw-`n {ia-øn\v At ymjym ]m{xn-b t v ]n pw \evinb-xmwv A sø k`m ]nf n\v aqe-im-c-ww. h -t»-cn Xncp-ta-\n v FXnsc D m-bn-cp tim -kn\v ]m{xn-b okv _mhm-bpss ta kω ±w snep-øm km[n- Xv At±-l-Øns aps- n Iem-in- p se k`m kam-[m-\-øn Akw-Xr-]vX-cm-b-h-cp-ambn Iq p-]n-sn v 1975 ]. HutK ImtXm-en m _mhmsb aps- n. ÿm\-ta Imew apx Xs t{ijvt ImtXm-en m ]utemkv ZznXo-b _mhm-bpss \ndp- Ibv p api-fn aps- ns Iq Ø JUvKw t\ Ø \qen Xqßn- n- S- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. ae- -c -k-`sb kw_- n Imcy-߃ Chn-SpsØ A[n-IrX t\xr- Xz-hp-ambn Btem-Nn- ; {]Xyp-X, B t\xr-xz-øn-s\-xn-sc-bp kzm -a-xn-i-fpss kzm[o-\-øn-emwv ]m{xn-b t v C m-e-a-{xbpw {]h Øn- p-h- n- p- -Xv. A -amen `{Zm-k\ `c-w-l-s-\-bpss AwKo- Im-c-Øn\v F n-kvtim- kp -l-tzmkpw t{ijvt ImtXm-en- mbpw FXn Øn pw ]m{xn-b o-kp-_mhm AwKo-Imcw \evin. ae- -c-bn t{ijvt ImtXm-en- m-t]mepw Adn-bmsX ae-_m `{Zm-k-\-Øns `c-

20 39 40 W-L-S\ ]m{xn-b okv AwKo-I-cn- p. ] n- m-sc-t mepw Adn-bn- msx BWn-Xn\v cq]w \ In-bn-cp- -Xv. kmap-h ^ne-ivkn-t\mkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bpss Ime-ti-jw -B-WnXv shfn- Øv h -Xv. Cu kao-]\w ae- c k`sb Fs pw Ie-l-cw-K-am- n-s m- n-cp- p. aq m-asø hkvxpx, k`-bnse {]iv\-߃ ]cn-l-cn- p- -Xn-e ]m-{xn-b -t - ns XmXv]cyw F -Xm-Wv. \ne-hn-en-cn- p t\xr- XzsØ A n-a-dn v hnl-snx {Kq ns\ X ÿm-\øv {]Xn-jvTn v Hcp {]Xn-kw-hn-[m-\-Øn-eqsS Acm-P-IXzw kr n v Hmtcm ImeØpw A[n- Im-c- -øm-f \S-Ønb Ncn-{X-amWv ae- -c-bn At ymjym knwlmk-\-øn-\p -Xv. ta kqnn- n- n- p Hmtcm CS-s]-Sepw Ign- -t mƒ Cu kzm kvxpxn-]m-si {Kq v sndp-xmbn h n- p-s - nepw Ah IqSp-X Iq-Sp-X auenihmzn-ifpw D{K-hm-Zn-I-fp-ambn amdn-s m- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. GXm-bmepw hnl-sn-x-cp-am-bp Iq p-si- n-eqss `cw kwhn-[m-\sø De-bv p-ibpw HXp- p-ibpw snøp cm{ obx{ w A\p-h Øn- p- -Xp-aqew ae- -c-k-`-bn i{xp-xbpw hntzz-jhpw hyhlm-c-ßfpw \ne-\n p- p. CXn-s\ mw th n k`mw-k-ß-fpss ]Whpw, ka-b-hpw, _p nbpw, Pohn-X-hp-sa mw ]mgm- n-s m- n-cn- p- p. hnizm-k-øns t]cv ]d v P\-ßsf h n- p Cu Ip_p- n-ifpss Im]Syw Xncn- -dn v {]Xn-I-cn- p-hm k`m kvt\ln-iƒ {i n- m-øxv kwl jw XpS-cm Imc-W-am- p- p. \mem-a-xmbn, `mc-x-ønse k`m kw_- -amb tims-xn-hn-[n-iƒ AwKo-I-cn- p-hm At ymjym ]m{xn-b t v Hcn- epw Xøm-dm-bn- n F -Xm-Wv. tdmb timsxn hn[n apx `uxn-im-[n-imcw ]m{xnb t - n-\n-. Xs Ah-Im-i-߃ C m-xm- m euini tims-xn v A[n-Im-c-an-s -Xm-bn-cp p ]m{xn-b okv _mhm-bpss CXn-t\m-Sp {]Xn-I-c-Ww. {]kvxpx hn[n AXn-Po-hn- m-\mwv DS-º-Sn-Iƒ kºm-zn- p-hm-\p {iaw Bcw-`n- -Xv se kp{]ow-tim-sxn hn[n sszh-ln- X-Øns {]Xn-^-e-\-am-sW v `wkn-hm v ]d-s - nepw A p apx B hn[n ewln v ]m{xn-b okv ae- -c-k-`m-im-cy-ß-fn CS-s]- psim- n-cn- p- p se Za-kvt mkv kp -l-tzmkv ae- -c-k-`-bnse kie ]mc-º-cy-ßfpw k`m kw_- -am-b F m tims-xn-hn-[n-ifpw ad- Iq-SmsX \ntj-[n- p-sim- p Xmbn-cp- p. C y \nba hyh-ÿtbmspw ae- -c-k-`-bpss `c-w-kw-hn-[m-\-tømspw Ah ]pe Øns m p t]mepw ChnsS CS-s]-Sp- -Xn \oxo-i-cww Is -Øp-hm Fßs\ Ignbpw? Ah-km-\sØ hnjbw: ChnsS Hcp AwKo-IrX `c-w-{iaw D m-bncp- n pw AXn\p _Z-embn ]m{xn-b t ns t\cn- p `c-w-øn Iogn XpS-cp- -Xn\v Nne {]ÿm-\-ßfpw ÿm]-\-ßfpw ImWn- p hy{k-xbpw AXn\v ]m{xn-b okv _mhm \ Ip AwKo-Im-chpw {]txyi ]cn-k-w-\-bp-amwv. knwlm-k-\- - n-iƒ, ]uckvxy kphntij kampw, tlmw-hm anj, hntz-i -a-ebmfn ] n-iƒ F n-hsb mw C q- -Øn s]sp- -h-bm-wv. Cu A[n-Im-c-tI-{µ-߃ \ne- \n Øn Xs CS-s]-S km[y-xbpw A[n-Im-c-km- n- yhpw ae- -cbnepw ]pdøpw XpS p-sim p t]mip-hm-\p am -am-wnxv. CX- \p-h-zn- -s -Sp nstømfw Imew ae- -c-k-`bn A -S- hpw kam-[m- \hpw \ne-\n ØpI {]bm-k-amwv. ImcWw, Xß-fpsS ÿm]nx Xmev]- cy-߃ kwc- n- p-hm B{K-ln- p- -h Cu {]ÿm-\-ß-fn A`bw txspw. Ah C q- v kwc- -Whpw t{]m m-l-\hpw \ Ipw. Npcp n d- m ÿm]nx XmXv]-cy- m v Ah-cpsS Dt±iye y߃ t\sp- -Xn-\p kt -X-ß-fmbn Cu {]ÿm-\-߃ ]cn-w-an- pw. ae- c k`-bp-ambn \nc- -c-amb Dc-k-ep-Iƒ v ]m{xn-b t - n\v Ahkcw \ Ip ÿm]-\-ß-fm-wn-h. Ch-sb- qsn ae- c k`-bpss `cw kwhn-[m-\-øn sim p-h-cm-\p {]mtbm-kni am w Is -ØmsX {]iv\w Xocm {]bm-k-am-wv. At ymjym ]m{xn-b t - ns ae- ck`m _ -Øns Ncn{Xw ]cn-tim-[n- m hyh-ÿm-]n-x-a- m-sxbpw \nb-a-߃ ewln pw \oxnc-ln-x-ambpw knwlm-k\w ChnsS CS-s]- p-sim- m-wn-cn- p- -sx v hy -am-ipw. CXp-aqew D m-ip Hmtcm ]nf nepw Hmtcm hn`mkw knwlm-k-\-hp-ambp _ -Øn \n v hn -I-ep p. A\-`n-e-j-Wob-amb ssii-s-ø \nb-{ n- p- -Xn-\mWv ]nxmhv k`m `cwls-\- {]-Imcw am{xta ae- -c-k`m `c-w-øn CS-s]-Smhq F v \njvi jn- -Xv. F n pw bmsxmcp a\x-km- nbpw \nba _lp-am-\-hp-an- msx ae- ck`m `c-w-øn CS-s]-Sp-I-bpw, hmgn- \S-Øp-Ibpw, in m \S-]-Sn-Iƒ FSp- p-i-bp-sa mw C pw XpS p hcp- p. CXp aqew `n - X-bn \in- p- Xv ]nxm-hn-t\msp IqSn \n p hn`m-k-am-sw v ]nt m p t\m n-bm a\- n-em-ipw.

21 IpSpw-_hpw _mey-im-ehpw ae- -c-bnse \mem-asø ImtXm-en m Bbn-cp ]. HutK {]Y-a _mhm-bpss aqe Xd-hm-Smb Xpcp-Øn-bn IpSpw-_-Øns Ncn{Xw Xøm-dm- nb timx-aw-kew am AØ-t\-jykv timfpv ap {]n kn- Sn. Fw. ss]en Ab px B[n-Im-cn-I-amb Hcp Ipdn- n Cßs\ ]d-bp- p: ]cn-ip HutK ImtXm-en- m-_mhm 1884 Pq 26- mw Xob-Xn-bmWv `qpm-x-\m-b-xv. ]pcm-x\ {]i-kvx-amb Xp-cp-Øn-bn IpSpw-_-Øns ]Xn-aq v imj-i-fn H mb tn m- Ip-f-Øn Ic Xpcp-Øn-bn A{_lmw IØ-\m-cp-tSbpw ]pø Ipcninse ]pcm-x\ IpSpw-_-amb hmfn-tb aøm-bn-bpss ]p{xn A - Ω-bp-tSbpw ZznXo-b- ]p-{x-\m-bn- mwv "aømbn' F Ip n P\n- Xv. C sø ate- p-cniv Zbdm ÿnxn-sn-øp 15 G ÿew k`bv v kw`m-h\ \ In-bXv _mhm-bpss amxr-ip-spw-_-am-wv. Xpcp-Øn-bn, XpcpØn sim n-t»-cn- p-sn, Bb-Øp-Ip-Sn, thßt»-cn, ] n-tb-en- -c, If- p-c, s\spw-]-d-ºn, HmtW-cn, HmWt»-cn, sf -c-th-en, Ic- n- n, X mw]pdw F n-h-bmwv a p imj-iƒ. ae- -c-k-`-bn A q-tdmfw ho p-imcpw Fd-Wm-Ipfw Pn -bn hf-sc -Iq-Sp-X AwK-ß-fp IpSpw-_-ß-fn H mwv Xpcp-Øn-bn IpSpw-_w. hnhn[ imj-i-fn s -Sp- -h Xncp-hm- pfw, Xr q-wn-øp-d, Icn-ßm- n-d, ISpwK-a-wK-ew, {_ -]pcw XpS-ßnb ]Sn- m-d taj-e-bn-epw, shtßme, s]cp-ºm-hq, Xpcp-Øn- n n, tims- \msv, tim - Sn, timx-aw-kew, tnem-sv, Xr -f-øq XpS-ßnb ÿeß-fnepw IqSmsX tif-iw, kp Øm _tø-cn, ]pev] n XpSßnb ae-_m {]tz-i-ß-fn-ep-amwv Xma-k-am- n-bn- p- -Xv. ktlm-z-c- m hnhn-[ -ÿ-e-ß-fn-te v amdn Xma-kn- -t mƒ B ÿe-ß-fp-ambn _ -s - m-wv imjm- \m-a-߃ D m-bxv. Hcp ]nxmhns \mep- a- -fpss ]n XpS - m Xpcp-Øn-bn tn mipf-øn Ic, Bb-Øp-IpSn, sim n-t»-cn- psn F n-ßs\ Adn-b-s -Sm XpSßn-b-t mƒ Xpcp-Øn-bn F p IpSpw-_-t -cp- Xs amdn-t mb Hcp ÿnxnhnti-j-ap- m-bn. GXm\pw h j-߃ v apºv Xpcp-Ønbn IpSpw-_-tbmKw kwl-sn- n- -s - -t m-gmwv Bfp-Iƒ XΩn-ep- _ w IqSp-X hy -am-ip- -Xn\pw ASpØv CS-]-g-Ip- -Xn\pw ho pw CS-bm-bn- p- -Xv. ]cn-ip HutK _mhm Imh ]nxm-hmbn- p IpSpw-_-tbm-K-Øn\v Bephm aq m tdmun Ccn-tßmƒ `mkøv \n Ωn- n- p Hcp IpSpw-_-tbmK sk {S IΩn n Hm^okpw lmfpw ti{µ-am n IpSpw-_-tbm-K- {]-h Ø-\-߃ Nn bmbn \S psim n-cn- p p. Xpcp-Øn- n n ] n-bpss sx p-`m-k-øp tn m-ipfw ]p bpss Ic-bn Xma-k-am- nb Xpcp-Øn-bn aøm-bn-bpss aq masø ]p{x C o-c-bpss k Xn ]c-º-c-iƒ tn m-ip-f- Øn Ic Xpcp-Øn-bn - F dnbs -Sp- p. C o-cbv v h n, ss]en F o c p a ƒ D m-bn-cp- p. CXn ss]en-bpss \mev B a- -fn aqø-bm-fm-bn-cp p _mhm-bpss hµy ]nxmhv A{_lmw IØ-\m. A{_lmw IØ-\m-cpsS ktlm-z-c h n-bpss aiƒ hnøsb s\sp-ºm-t»cn hb-en- -d-ºn txmam hnhm-lw -sn-bvxp. Ah-cpsS \mem-asø ]p{x-\m-bn-cp p A -amen `{Zm-k-\-Øns sa{xm-t m-eo-ø-mbm-bn-cp Koh Kokv am {KotKm-dn-tbmkv Xncpta-\n. _mhm-bpss aqø ktlm-z-c ss]en-bpss ai-\mwv sim n k -I-em-im-e-bpsS ap t{]m -ssh-kvnm k-edpw tic-f-øn Ce- Iv{Sn- F Pn-\o-b-dnw-Kn BZysØ tumœ-td v t\sn-b-bm-fp-amb tum. kn. ]n. Ipcym-t m-kv. Xpcp-Øn-bn IpSpw-_-Øns thßt»-cn imj-bn s Sp- -XmWv ticf Kh-s v sk{i- dn kmp ]o sf. F. Fkv. HutK _mhm ÿm]n hs-ic skbv v tpm kv sslkviqfnse ]q hnzym nbpw C Uy-bpsS Bcm- y-\p-amb cmjv{s-]xn si. B. \mcm-b-w\v _mhmsb, dºm-s\ \ne-bn apx ]cn-n-b-ap- m-bn-cp p. _mhm kaq-l-øn\p th n snbvxn- p tkh-\-ß-sfbpw \ mbn Adn-bp BfmWv {]nb- -c-\mb cmjv{s-]-xn. Cu tej-i Xpcp-Øn-bn IpSpw-_-N-cn{Xw Xøm-dm- nbt mƒ cmjv{s-]xn kkvt\lw Ab px ktµiøns Xmsg-t - p {]k- -`mkw At±-l-Øns Xpcp-Øn-bn IpSpw- _sø n t\cn- p Adnhv hy -am- p- -XmWv. "I am happy to know that the Thuruthiyil kudumbayogam is publishing the history of this family which has an old and well established tradition of priesthood and which is known for its many contributions to the composite culture of Kerala.'' Xpcp-Øn-bn IpSpw-_-Øns XpS w Nmh- msv Bbn-cp-s v a\- n-em- p- p. ]pcm-x\ tcj-i-fnepw ]q n-i-cp-tsbpw sshzn-icp-ssbpw ih- - -d-i-fnepw Nmh- msv Xpcp-Øn-bn F mwv tcj-

22 43 44 s -Sp-Øn-bn- p- -Xv. am tømωm «olm sslµ-hsc {]txy-in v {_m -W-Ip-Spw-_-ßsf {InkvXp-a-X-Øn tn sø pw AXn s]sp- -XmWv Xpcp-Øn-bn IpSpw-_-sa pw hniz-kn p t]mcp- p. Ncn{Xkw_- -ambn \S-Øn-b- A-t\z-j-W-ß-fn \n v XpcpØn C -߃ Xriq {]tz-iøv tn p-]p-g, B - -d-ºv, sh m- - q XpS-ßnb ÿe-ß-fn Ct m-gp v. ]t Ch-bp-am-bp- _ sø n B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn ]d-bm-hp coxn-bn-ep ]g- -a- t m ax-]-cn-h Ø-\-Øn-\p- -Xv. Nmh- msv ]m-e-bv `mk-øp-\n v {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ ax-]o-u- \-߃ n-c-bmbn ]n m-eøv sxt m v ]em-b\w snbvx -Iq- - Øn Xpcp-Øn-bn h n-sb ]q ]nxmhv CS- - n-bn FØn AhnsS Xma-k-am- p-ibpw CS- n skbv v tpm Pv ] n CS-h- Imw-K-am-Ip-Ibpw snbvxp-sh- mwv Ncn{Xw. At±-l-Øns c p- a- -fn Hcmƒ Icn-ßm- nd `mk-tø pw as -bmƒ shtßme `mktø pw amdn-xm-a-kn p. Ah-cpsS k -Xn-]-c-º-c-I-fmWv Fd-Wm- Ipfw Pn -bpss hnhn-[-ÿ-e-ß-fn-ep Xpcp-Øn-bn IpSpw-_- m. Xpcp-Øn-bn IpSpw-_- m ]pcm-x-\-imew apx Irjn- mcmbncp- p. C pw `qcn-`m-khpw Irjn- m Xs -bmwv. A`n-h-µy\mb cm{ -]Xn FSp-Øp-]-d- n- p- -Xp-t]mse ]utcm-lnxy ]mc-º-cyap H m-wv Xpcp-Øn-bn IpSpw-_w. _mhm-bpss ]nxmhv A{_lmw IØ-\m p- ]p-dta AXn-\p-ap-ºp Xe-ap-d-bnse Bb- Øp-IpSn Xpcp-Øn-bn ]utem-kp -I-Ø-\m, txmam -I-Ø-\m F nh Ipdp- pw-]sn ] n- hn-imcnamcm-bn-cp- p. CXn ]utemkv IØ- \m-cpss At]- -{]-Imcw A sø Znhm k Sn. -am-[-h- cm-b Xpcp-Øn-bn ]utemkv IØ-\m v "Xpcp-Øn- n' F v \ma-icww snbvxv A\p-h-Zn- -XmWv C sø Xpcp-Øn- n n skbv vtacokv ] n B ÿe-øn\v Aßs\ Xpcp-Øn- n n F t]cp- mbn. Xpcp-Øn-bn IpSpw-_- m Zo L-Imew Ipdp- pw-]sn ] n-bn ssi m-c- m-cmbpw {]h Øn- n- p- v. IqSmsX A {] skbv v tp _vkv N v "Xpcp-Øn- n'sb v Adn-b-s - n-cp ISpw-K-aw- Kew skbv vt]mƒkv B Uv skbv v ]o N v, tims-\msv B{ia- n XpS-ßn-bh ÿm]n- p- -Xn\v XpcpØn IpSpw-_- m ap ssi FSp-Øn- p- -Xm-Wv. Xpcp-Øn-bn IpSpw-_-Øn HutK _mh-msb- q-smsx ap X-e-ap-d-I-fn Ggv sshzn-i D m-bn-cp p. C pw IpSpw-_-Øn Ggp sshzn-i-cm-wp- Xv. AXn Xpcp-Ønbn IpSpw-_-tbm-K-Øns {]kn-u v ^m.- kn. -si. F{_lmapw (_m-hm-bpss ktlm-zc ]p{x\pw tims-\msv am HutK sslkviqfns ap sluvam-ã-dpw) Dƒs -Sp- p. _mhm- Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS Ip n- mew ]pø Ip-cn-in amxr-`-h-\- Øn-emWv Nne-h-gn- Xv. {]my-ani hnzym-`ym-khpw Ahn-sS-Ø-s -bmbn-cp p. ]ca ` \pw kpdn-bm\n ]fin-x-\p-am-bn-cp- ]nxmhv A{_lmw IØ-\m-cpsS kzm[o\w _mhm-bpss sndp- -Imew apxep Nn -I-sfbpw {]h Ø-\-ß-tfbpw cq]-s -Sp-Øp- -Xn\v hfsctbsd klm-bn- n- p- v. bma-{]m -\-Ifpw a pw IrXy-ambn \S-Øp- -Xn \njvi j-bp- m-bn-cp Hcp sshznit{ijvt-\m-bncp p A{_lmw IØ-\m. sszhni Imcy-ß-fn IqSp-X {i - ]-Xn- n- p- -Xn\pw hmb-\bpw ]T-\hpw ioe-am- p- -Xn\pw IpSpw- _ -]- m-øew _mhmsb hf-sc-tbsd klm-bn- n- p- v. ae c-k-`bpss Xe-h-\m-bn, ]fin-x-\mb \s mcp hm n-bm-bn, ]ca ` - \mbn ]n m-eøv hf p hcp-sa v _mhm-bpss sndp- -Im-eØv Bcpw Nn n- p-im-wp-i-bn-. ]t sszhhnfn-bp Hcp _me-\msw v txm -Ø- -co-xn-bnep Pohn-X-am-bn-cp p sndp- -Øn Xs. A{_lmw IØ-\m-cpsS ]p{x-s\ \ne-bn ]utcm-ln-xy- Øn-te v IS- m km y-x-bp-s kqn-\-iƒ A p- Xs bp m-bn-cp- p. ap p-iƒ \nd ]mx-bn-eq-ss-bmwv _mhmbv v PohnXw apgph k -cn-t n h n- p- -Xv. C{X-am{Xw bmx-\-iƒ k`-bv pth- nbpw Xm Dd p hniz-kn- p-t]m Imcy-߃ \ne-\n Øp- - Xn\p th nbpw kln-t - n-h- n- p ta - - m ae- -c-k-`-bn Npcp- -am-bn-cn- pw. hs- {]tz-i-ß-fn ]m{xn-b okv hn`m-k- Øn-em-Wt m IqSp-X Bfp-Iƒ. Xpcp-Øn-bn IpSpw-_- m-cn _lp-`q-cn-]- hpw AXn s]sp p. F mepw "Blood is thicker than water' F Cw ojv snm ns\ A\z -am- n-s m v IpSpw-_- m v ]cn-ip- - _m-hmsb XnI BZ-c-thmSpw A`n-am-\-tØmSpw am{x-ta -Im-Wm Ign-bp-I-bp- p. ]n m-eøv Fs mw A\n- - kw-`-h-ß-fp- m-bm Xs bpw ae- -c-k` apgp-h-s bpw GI-I-WvT-amb Xocp-am-\-{]-Imcw ae- c At m-kn-tb-j sxc-s -SpØv At ymiym ]m{xn-b o-kn- \m ImtXm-en- m-bmbn Ah-tcm-[n- -s H m-asø ImtXm-en- m-sb al-xz-ta-dnb ÿm\w 1964 tabv 22 - mw XobXn HutK _mhmbv v e`n- p-i-bp- m-bn. Ip -߃ G p-]-d-bp- -Xn\pw ] m-

23 45 46 Ø-]n- p- -Xn-\pw ka-b-]-cn[nbn m-sb v temiw ASpØ ImeØv a\- n-em- p-i-bp- m-b-t m. kxy-sø- Xm-ev m-en-i-ambn ad- p-hbv m km[n-t pw. ]t BXy- n-i-ambn F m kxyhpw ]pd- Øp-h-cn-I-Xs snøp-sa v \ap v {]Xym-in- mw. hs- Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse an P\-ßfpw ] p-ap-xte Im jni hrøn apjy sxmgn-embn kzoi-cn- n-cp- -Xn-\m Xpcp-Ønbn IpSpw-_m-wK-ßfpw \ Irjn- m-cm-bn-cp- p. F m Ign Xe-ap-d-bnepw C sø Xe-ap-d-bnepw hnzym-`ym-kw - -_m- nwkv apxemb cwk-ß-fn ]ecpw {]tim-`n p F mwv A`y-kvX-hn-Zy-cmb IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fpsS FÆhpw Db bpw hy -am- p- -Xv. sim nt»-cn- psn Xpcp-Øn-bn AUz.- si. hn. h n, thß-t»cn Xpcp- Øn-bn AUz. hn. ]n. sndn-bm, Xncp-hm- p-føv Xpcp-Øn-bn sxt - -d-ºn AUz.- h n De-l- m F n-h A`n-`m-jI cwkøp tim`n- p. Ce-{Œn- F Pn-\o-b-dn-ßn kwÿm-\øv BZy-ambn ]n.- F- v. Un. _ncpzw Ic-ÿ-am nb tum. kn. ]n. Ipcymt mkv tn m- p-f-øn Ic XpcpØn hn`m-k-øn s -Sp- p. hnhn[ F Pn-\o-b-dnwKv timf-pp-i-fn s{]m^-k-dmbpw, ssiv\n- FUypt -j Ub-d-Œ-dmbpw sim n bqwn-th-gvkn- n-bn t{]m sshkv Nm k-e-dmbpw At±lw tkh-\-a-\p-jvtn p. tã v _m v P\-d amt\-p-cmbn dn -b snbvx hn. kn. ]o XpS-ßn-b-hcpw ap Xe-ap-d-bnse AwK-ß-fm-Wv. IpSpw-_mwK-߃ v A`n-am-\- tømsp IqSn am{xta Ch-sc- n kva-cn- p-hm Ign-bp-I-bp- p. Ct m-gsø Xe-ap-d-bnepw Ime-Øns am -Øn-\-\-pk-cn v D X hnzym-`ymkw t\sn-b-h H pw Ipd-h. timf-pp-i-fnepw sslkviqfp-i-fnepw A ym-]-i-cmbn tpmen t\m n-bn-cp- -hcpw a p tpmen- Iƒ D -hcpw Ds - p- Xv hnzym-`ym-k-]-c-ambn IpSpw-_-Øn-\p- mbn- p ]ptcm-k-xn-bmwv ImWn- p- -Xv. timx-aw-kew am AØt\-jykv timf-pn \n v {]n kn- -embn dn -b snbvx s{]m^. Sn. Fw. ss]en, s{]m^. hn. -hn. Ipcym-t mkv, s{]m^. hn. Fw. s]mtemkv Ct mƒ time-t cn sk v ]ot -gvkn tpmen-bp s{]m^. t n tpm, s{]m^. H.- sp. tp -_v, dn. sluvam- à am-cmb H. sp. tpm Pv, ^m. kn. si. G{_-lmw, Ct mƒ sluvam- à am-cmb dh. si. Gen-bm-kv, Sn.- si. Gen-bm-kv, Sn. Fw. aøm-bn XpS-ßn-b-hcpw A ym-]-i-cmbn tpmen t\m p a -t\-i-cp-ap- v. AUz. hn. ]n. sndn-bms ai AUz. Xºn sndn-bm, AUz. txmakv t]mƒ XpS-ßn-b-hcpw Cu Xe-ap-d-bnse A`n-`m-j-I-cm-Wv. ]n osv FSpØp ]d-bm-hp- Xv kmp ]o sf. F. Fkv. s\bm- Wv. XpcpØn IpSpw-_-Øn BZy-am-bn- m-swm-cmƒ sf.- F. -F-kv. tiu-dn hcp- -Xv. IqSmsX Cdn-tK-j hip- n kq{]- nwkv F Pn-\o-b-dmbn dn -b snbvx Sn. -Fw. ]utemkv Akn-à v F Pn- \o-b si. ]n. tpmkv F n-hsc IqSmsX F Pn-\o-b-dnßv _ncp-zhpw, Untπm-ambpw ]m m-bn- p- -h-cmbn IpSpw-_-Øn ]e-cp- v. _m p-i-fnepw k m - -A - k m Hm^o-kp-I-fnepw tpmen snøp- -hcpw dn -b snbvx-h-cp-amb \nc-h[n t]cp- v. Fd-Wm-Ipfw Pn m -Iu kn {]kn-u m-bn-cp tamfn F{_lmw, _m_p t]mƒ XpS-ßn-b-h cm{ ob kmaq-ly -cw-k-ß-fn Adn-b-s -Sp- -h-cmwv. dn. su. Ub-d-Œ C U-kv{Sokv A{_lmw txma-kv, skbn kv SmIvkv Hm^o-k Sn. -Sn. tpm Pv, JmZn t_m Uv Ub-d-Œ H. -sp. tbml- m, tum. tpm_n t]mƒ, tum. tkm_ ]o, cmpp t]mƒ (bp. Fkv. F.) XpSßn-b-hcpw C q- -Øn s -Sp- p. Cu t]cp-iƒ FSp-Øp-]-d-bp- Xv C sø bph-x-e-ap-d-bv pw, `mhn Xe-ap-dbv pw A ]-sa- nepw {]tnmz-\hpw Bfl-ss[- cyhpw \ Im klm-b-i-am-ip-sa {]Xo- -tbm-sp-iqsn am{x-am-wv. tum. kn. ]n. Ipdn-bm-t mkv s{]m^. Sn. Fw. ss]en _mw q-cnse Hcp {]apj hyh-km-bn-bmb ]n. sp. t n. ]. HutK _mhm-bpss ktlm-z-c Ipdn-bmt m-kns ]u{xnbpw Koh-dp-Ko-kns ]p{xn-bp-amb jn_n-bmwp ]n. sp. t n-bpss `mcy. kmp ]o sf. F. Fkv.

24 hnzym-`ymkw A{_lmw I»o-im-bpsS Kpcphpw I -\msv `{Zm-k\ sa{xm-t meo-ømbpw ]n osv ae- -c-bnse {]Ya ImtXm-en- m-bp-amb apdn-a - Øn am Cuhm-\n-tbmkv BWp \ΩpsS IYm-\m-b-Is\ aømbn F p t]cn p amtam-zokm ap n-b-xv. _mey-im-e -hn-zym-`ym-k-øn-\ptijw Iuam-c-{]m-b-Øn Øs sshzni hnzym-`ym-km w ]mºm- ps skan-\m-cn-bn tn v, ae- -c -a-ev]m-\m-bn-cp tim-\m p amø tim F -nkvtim- m-bpss injyxzw kzoi-cn- p. CXn-\Iw IS-hn ]ueqkv am AØm-\m-tkymkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bn \n v siωm-ip-]- hpw In n. ae-bm-f-ønepw kpdn-bm-\n-bnepw {]kw-k-i-ebnepw kmam\yw \ hypev]-øn- t\-snb aømbn siωm-» XpS v Cw ojv hnzym-`ym-km w tim bw Fw. Un. sslkviq-fn tn p. si. kn. amω am n-f-bpss injy-\m-im\pw Ign- p. Cu Ime-b-f-hn-emWp ioa-bn \n p-h «o_m siωm-i-\pambn (]n- osv o_m am HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kv) ASpØp ]cn-n-b-s - Sp- -Xn\pw At±-l-Øns kpdn-bm-\n-bnep {]kw-k-߃ X a snøp- -Xn\pw ae- -c-bnse an - ]- n-ifpw Hcp-an p kµ in- p- -Xn\pw CS-bm-b-Xv. ae-bm-f-ønepw kpdn-bm-\n-bnepw Hcp-t]mse Ah-Kmlw t\snb aømbn siωm-i hnhmlw Ign v Hcp CS-h- I- - - m-c-\mbn PohnXw \bn- m C -s - n-. kpdn-bm\n `mjtbmspw kpdn-bm-\n- k-`-tbm-sp-ap Iqdp-\n-anØw o_m siωm-is -IqsS 1905 ioa-bv p -t]m-ip-ibpw A o-dn-b-bnse am aømbn-bpss B{i-a-Øn h v ]q Æ- si-ωm-i-\m-bn-øo-cp-ibpw snbvxp. aq hgn Zp L-S-bm{X snbvxv kpdn-bm-\n- m IqSp-X-embn Xmakn- p a ±o, Xpd-_vZo {]tz-i-߃ kµ in- p-ibpw Xpd- _vzo-\n-ep am HutKs ]pcm-x-\-amb Zb-dm-bn h v aømbn F t]cp-amdn HutK F t]cv kzoi-cn- p-ibpw D m-bn. A_vZp m ]m{xn-b okv ÿm\m-tcm-lww snbvxv Xma-kn- ph Ip p-a-m Z-b-dm-bn-te p t]mip- -hgn Xpd-_vZo-\nse am A{_-lm-ans B{i-a-Øn, Xp n -kp Øm-\m A[n-Im-c-]{Xw ]n h-en- -s - -tijw Xma-kn- n-cp ko\n-b ]m{xn-b okv A_vZ ain-lm-bpss IqsS Ipd- p-\mƒ ]m Øp. ]n osv a ±o-\n FØn am A_vZp- msb ImWp-Ibpw Ip p-am -Z-b-dm-bn H ]- Xp-amkw Xma-kn v kpdn-bm-\n- `m-j-bn-ep H -[niw Aaq-ey-{K-Ÿßƒ hmbn p ]Tn- p-ibpw snbvxp. XpS v ]m{xn-b o-k- mcmb am Gen-bmkv XrXo-b, am At{]w F n-h-scbpw a pw ]cn-n-b-s - p. Xp n k m-cns Iogn-ep kpdn-bm-\n- m-cpss timn-\o-b-amb bym -Nn{Xw, Ncn-{X-{]-kn- -amb H -[niw ÿe߃ kµ in p a\- n-em- p- -Xn\v CsX mw HutK siωmis\ klm-bn- p bdp-i-te-an-ep am a t m-kns Zbdm-bn h v A v A[n-Im-c-Ønen-cp A_vZp m ]m{xn-b okv HutK siωm-»\p dºm ÿm\w \evin. I»oim BIp- -Xn-\pap-ºp-Xs dºm ÿm\w \evip ]Xnhv ae- -c-bn \ne-hn-en-cp- n-. Xpd-_vZo-\n Xma-kn- p Ime-L- -Øn Øs ae- -c-k- `-bpss `mhn-sb- n dºm- Iqe -j-ambn Nn n- p-ibpw Zo L- Zr- n-tbm-sp-iqsn ae- -c-bnse k`m t\xm- - m-cn Nne-cp-ambn IØn- S-]m-Sp-Iƒ \S-Øp-Ibpw snbvxn- p- v. ae- -c-bn Xncn-s -Øn-b-tijw tim bw sndn-b-]- n-bn h v o_m am HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm HutK dºm- \p I»o-im-] w \evin ae- c kµ in A_vZp m ]m{xnb o-kn-s bpw Xs kvt\ln-x\pw k X kl-nm-cn-bp-amb o_m am HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kn-s bpw Zzn`m-jn-bmbn HutK dºm- k -cn- n-cp- p. CXn-\Iw kap-zm-bm- -co- -Øn Xe-bp-b Ønbn-cp hg- n Xe-bn-SmsX Ign- p-iq- m HutK dºm- ]cam-h[n ]cn-{i-an- p. ae- -c-bnse euin-im-[n-imcw GXp- am w kzoi-cn pw ssi em- m {ian p ]cm-p-b-s A_vZp m ]m{xn-b o-kv -_mhm Xncn- p-t]m-b-xns\ XpS v A_vZ ainlm ]m{xn-b okv -_mhm ae- -c-bn FØp-I-bpw, ap ]-cn-n-bsø ap \n Øn HutK dºm- \nc-w-øp-sn v A_vZ ainlm ]m{xn-b okns\ kµ in- p-ibpw kz]n-xm-hns Kpcp-hmb apdn-a- -Øn ]ueqkv am Cuhm-\n-tbmkns\ ae- -c-bnse {]Ya ImtXm-en- mbmbn Ah-tcm[n Ncn{X {][m-\-amb NS-ßn kw_- n- p-ibpw snbvxp. A sø ]m{xn-b okv hn`m-k-øn s - -h v Cu \S- ]-Sn-bn HutK dºm- -t\msv AXr-]vXn -txm- n-bxv kzm`m-hn-i-am- W-t m. AXn-\p- ap-ºp-xs HutK dºm- Hcp hnhm-z-]p-cp-j- \mbn amdn-bn-cp- p. Cu Ah-k-c-Øn a{zm-kn-ep- m-bn-cp ae- c kpdn-bm-\n -k- `mw-k-ß-fpss Bh-iysØ ap \n Ønbpw ]tc-x-\mb si. si. eqt mkv PUvPn-bpsS A`y -\-b-\p-k-cn pw a{zm-knse Bw n- ] n-bn \ΩpsS Bcm-[\ \S-Øp- -Xn\v dºm- Ahn-sSt m-bn. Aßs\ _mly-ti-cf `{Zm-k-\-Øn \ap v Hcp B-cm-[-

25 HutK dºm ae- ck`-bn I n `n X D m-ip- -Xn\pw A_vZp m ]m{xnb okv ae- -c-bn FØp- -Xn\pw apºpxs ae- -c-k-`-bpss ]ptcm-k-xn pw hni-k-\-øn\pw ChnsS ta ]- - msc hmgn- m\pw a p-ambn Hcp ImtXm-en- msb hmgn p \ I-W-sa p {]apj sshzn- I-\m-bn-cp tim\m v timc amø a-ev]m A_vtZZv aninlm ]m{xn-b o-kn-t\msv IØp aptj\ Bh-iy-s - n-cp- p. A[n-Im-c- Øn Ccp- -t mƒ AXv A-\p-h-Zn- m-xn-cp A_vtZZv ainlm Xp n kp Øm A[n-Im-c-]{Xw ]n h-en- p-ibpw XpS v A_vZp ]m{xn-b o-kns \o ߃ aqew `cww \jvs-s - SpIbpw snbvx-t mƒ t] jy-bn \n p-t]mb ImtXm-en m knwlm-k\w t] jy k`-bp-am-bn ]pcm-x-\-imew apx-ep _ sø ap \ndpøn ae- -c-bn ]p\-xÿm-]n p F -XmWv Ncn- {Xw. `c-wm-[n-imcw \jvs-s - Xn\m ]utcm-lnxy \ h-c-ßfpw C m-xmbn F p sszh-im-kv{x- hn-cp- -amb Nne-cpsS hymjym\w km[m-c-w- m-cpss CS-bn sx n- m-cw P\n- n- n-cp- p. o_m am HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv 1905 siωm-i-\m-bn-cn- p-tºmƒ hmi-øm\w ImcpNnd Koh-dp-Kokv dºm-\b Hcp -I-Øn "A_vtZZv ainlm euin-im-[n-im-c-øn \n pw am{x-a- msx ]m{xn-b m ÿm\øp \n p \o -s - n- n-. Ct mgpw At±lw Bflob Imcy-ß-fn ]m{xnb okv Xs -bm-wv ' F p ImWp- p. A_vZp m ]m{xn-b o-kns hchpw h -t»-cn Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS-apS- p-amwv ImtXm-en m knwlm-k-\ ]p\x-ÿm-]-\sø Xzcn- X-s -Sp-Øn-bXv F Xv Hcp hkvxpx am{xw. Cßs\ ]e kml-ncy-߃ HØnWßnbt m-gmwv ae- -c-k-`-bpss `mkyw F -\n-ebn ImtXm-en m knwlm-k\w k`bv p e`n- -Xv. aømbn siωm-i 1905 Xp n-bnepw kndn-bm-bn-ep-ap k` kµ in- p-ibpw k\ym-k-po-hnxw Imw n At±lw A_vZp ]m{xn-b o-kn \n p dºm ÿm\w kzoi-cn- p-ibpw snbvxp. A m-eøv HutK dºm Ab c p IØp-Iƒ h n- W tikn lmp-cm- nbn-cp- p. kndn-b-bnse k`-bpss timnym-hÿ Ah-bn hnh-cn- n-cp p. ]W- n-cn-hn D p-i-\mb BfmWv am A_vZp- -msb pw At±lw AXn\pth n ae -c-k-`-bn-te v hcp- p-s pw A_vtZZv ain-lmbv p ^ am ]n h-en- -Xp-sIm p am{xw `cww C m-xncn- p p F pw Bflob -Im-cy-ßfn At±lw ]m{xn-b okv Xs -bm-sw pw ae- - -c-bn ImtXm-en-t v ]p\xÿm]n- m kωxamsw v Xt msv t\cn p ]d p F pw HutK dºm- ae- -c-bnse k`mt\xr-xz-øn\v Fgp-Xnb IØpIfn hy -am- n. Cu IØp-I-fmWv ImtXm-en m knwlmk-\- ]p-\ÿm-]-\m-`n-emjw h n- n- -Xv. I -\msv CS-h-Ibv v Hcp sa{xms\ hmgn p In -W-sa v 1926 Bh-iy-s - -t mƒ, HutK dºms\ Hgn v Bsc-sb- nepw sxcs -Sp-Ø-b-bv m-\mwv tim\m v timc amø aev]m-\- s t] p ]n osv a -\n- -c-bn I_-d-S-ßnb Gen-bmkv ]m{xnb okv FgpXnbXv. HutK dºm, aømbn siωm-i-\m-bn- Xpd_vZo\n Xma-kn- p-tºmgmwv am A_vZ ain-lm-bpss bym \ne ae- -cbv p shfn-s -SpØn simsp-ø-xv. AXn-ep hntcm-[- amwv ta ]-d Fgp-Øn _mhm {]I-Sn- n- n-cp- -Xv. HutK dºm- s IØpIsf - n-bp IqSp-X hnh-c-߃ skuv. Fw. ]mtd- ns "h -t»-cn am Zoh- m-tkymkv' F k`mncn{x {KŸ-Øn \n v AtX-]Sn NphsS tn p- p: HutK d-ºm am Koh-dp-Kokv Zoh- m-tkymkv ÿm\w G m Xp n-bn t]mbn Xma-kn- n-cp- -t mƒ Bcp-sSbpw Xs {i sb A v {]txyiw BI jn- m- Xpw F m ae- ck`-bpss `mhnsb hfsc kmc-ambn -_m-[n- Xpw Bb Hcp kw`hw \S- p. shtßme sn m-ip-f-ßc A{_lmw IØm-\m-cpsS ai aømbn siωm-is\- -Hu-tKs Zbdm kµ in- -t mƒ HutK F t]cp kzbw kzoi-cn siωm-i-s\ am A_vZ m i s_m -d-ºm - -si-ωmip -d-ºm B n-b-xm-bn-cp p AXv. HutK dºm Xn-tam-Øntbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm ]Zw {]m]n tijhpw AXn\p apºpw D At±-l-Øns ]te \S-]-Sn-Ifpw Koh-dp-Kokv Zoh- m-tkymkns ImesØ kmc-xcambn kv] in- n- p- XpsIm v At±-ltØbpw At±-l-Øns {]h Ø-\-ß-sfbpw Cu Ncn-{X-Øn Dƒs -Sp-tØ- -Xp- v. Ime-K-W-\-bn henb Nn Aev]w t]mepw Atßmt m Ctßmt m amdn- qsm F p \njvt ]men- p-hm ] msx ht - mw. F m HutK dºm Xn-tam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm A{]-Xo- n-xhpw hnkva-b-i-c-hp-am-bn - -Im-tXm-en-t mkv

26 51 52 ]Z-hn-bn {]th-in- -Xn\p CXn ÿm\-ap- m-bn-cn- -bn-. AsX mw A m-esø Ncn-{X-Øn Dƒs -ts- -Xm-Wv. Koh-dp-Kokv Zoh- m-tkymkv Imew snbvx 1109 Ipw`w hsc am{xta Cu hmey- Øns ]cn-[n-bn hcp- p- -t m. HutK siωm-is\ Ncn-{X-Øn Ah-X-cn- n- p- Xp Xs am Zoh- m-tkym-kns samgn-bn-eq-ss-bm-hmw. XpS p siωm-i Xp nbn \n v Ab IØp-Iƒ BZn-bmb tcj-ifpw am Xntam-Øntbm-kmbn kap-zm-b-t -kn simspø samgnbpw DS-º-Sn-Ifpw a pw B{i-b-ambn kzoi-cn- p- -Xm-Wv. 94 I n 30 mw XobXn am Znh- m-tkymkv h n- -W-t -kn simspø samgn-bn \n p Nne `mk-߃: tnm HutK dºm F mwv dºm-\m-bxv? D Rß-ƒ Du t«-an Xma-kn- p-tºm-gmwv At±-lsØ dºm- \m- n-b-xv. A_vZ m ]m{xn-b o-km-wv. Du t«-an h m-wv.... Abm-ƒ HutK F t]sc-spøxv HutK F ]cn-ip- s \ma-øn-ep Zbdm kµ in \mƒ apx m-wv....b. K. A w HutK dºms ssi -S-bm-Wv. B. K. (1) t]mse-bp FgpØp IqSp-Iƒ, AXm-bXv Fs t]cv A -Sn IqSp- Iƒ HutK ChnsS \n p t]mip-tºmƒ Rm simsp-ø-b- n-cp- - Xm-Wv. F\n v FgpXn Ab-bv m simsp-ø-b- -Xm-Wv. Cu Fgp- Øp-Iƒ (B.K, B.M. A -߃) Fgp-Øp-I-fpsS Iq -Øn \n p... t\m n FSp-Ø-Xm-Wv. Rm HutK dºms\ HSp-hn I Xv 88 I n-bn-em-sw p txm p- p. \nc-wøp ] n-bn h m-wv. tnm HutK d-ºm B Ah-k-c-Øn AhnsS h n-cp- Xv F n-\mwv? D HutK dºms A ]Tn- Xv Imew snbvx Cuhm-\ntbmkv sa{xm- -t\msp IqsS Bbn-cp- p. HutK dºm Xp n-bnte v t]mb-t mƒ At±lw Ipsd ]W-k-lm-bhpw snbvxp-sim-sp- -bp- m-bn. Cuhm-\n-tbmkv sa{xm- ImtXm-en- m-ÿm\w G p p F p ti -t mƒ At±-l-tØm-Sp Xmev]cyw ImWn- p-hm th n h v AXn kw_- n pw h v t]mi-bmwv snbvxsx- p-ø-cw. tnm -Hu-tK dºms A am Cuhm-\n-tbm-kn-t\m-Sp-IqsS ]Tn- n- p-s v Ahn-Sp-tØ p t\cn- -dn-hp-t m? D Cuhm-\n-tbm-kv sa{xm- ]d- -dn-hp- v. HutK dºms A Ct mƒ Ds - mwv txm p- -Xv.... -tnm - -Hu-tK dºm\pw Ahn-Sp- p-ambn Fgp-Øp-Ip-Øpt m? D 86 CShw apx C (A-_vZ- m-bpss aps p ktµiw CShw (26 - mw XobXn BWt m ]pd-s - -Xv).... -tnm - -Hu-tK dºm 4 mw {]Xnsb (am AØm-\m-tkym-kv) BWv A\p-Iqen- p- -sx v Ahn-Sp-tØ p t\cn- -dn-hps m? D - t\-cn- -dn-hp v. tnm B Adnhv Fßn-s\-bmWv? D \nc-wøp h n-cp- -t mƒ HutK dºm t\cn p ]d-bp-ibp- m-bn- p- v. tnm -Hu-tK dºm ]d- -sx- mwv? D -tem-isø Dt]- n dºm- m kxy-\n-jvt-bn- m-ø-h-cmbm kxy-\njvt ]ns Bcn \n mwv Bin-t - -sx p Sn. dºms\ kw_- n p Rm Sn. dºm-t\msp ]d t mƒ Ahn-Sp p ]d-bp- Xp kxy-amwv F ncp mepw Cu ÿnxn-bn-e- m-sx, F p h m FXr `mk-tømsp tn p-\n p- -Xn-\- msx F\n p \n m-l-an-. Cuhm-\n-tbmkv sa{xm- s ImtXm-en m ÿm\mtcm-l-w-øn kw_- n- m Rm Ct mƒ h -Xn\p Xs Rm hs-t m p sn p-tºmƒ Fs mw D]-{Z-h-ß-fmWv F\n- p- m-ip- -sx-s -\n- -dn- p-iq-sm, F pw a p-amwv ]d- -sx- p-ø-cw....- HutK dºm B Ah-k-c-Øn A_vZ aninlm ]m{xn-b okns\ ImWp-Ibpw ssi apøp-ibpw snbvxp. Icn-ßm{i ] n- m-tcmsv am A_vZ m hmßnb DS-º-Sn-bn km n Bbn ImWp HutK dºm, o_m siωm-»s IqsS (HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm ) kndn-bm-bn-tebv v t]mbn AhnsS k -cn v am Znh- m-tkym-kn-t\m-ssm- n v as-ßn-t m- p. o_m -si-ωm-» ÿm\-ta p- -Xn-\m-Wv kndn-bm-bn-tebv v t]mb-sx v Adn- n-. AXn-\mbn ae-bm-f-øp-\n v Ab- n-. At±l-Øns hgn-s -e-hn\v Hmtcm ] n-bn \n pw Hmtcm am\y mcn \n pw kw`m-h-\-bmbn In n-b-xm-wv. ae-bm-føp Xma-kn ImeØv

27 53 54 s]mxp-ÿm-]-\-ß-fn Xma-kn- p ImeØv B ÿm]-\-ß-fn \n p sne-hn\p simsp-øn- p- v F pw am Zoh- m-tkym-kns samgn-bn ImWmw. CXn\p api-fn tn Ø am Zoh- m-tkym-kns samgn-bn ]dbp _n.- si.-, _n. Fw. F o A -{]-am-w-߃ hfsc kq n- v, a p h -h-cp-ssbpw ssibn t]mbmepw henb Ipg w D m-i-cpsx p IcpXn kq{x-øn Fgp-Xn-bn- p- -h-bm-sw p txm p- p. F mepw Fgp-Xnb ImeØv Xp n-bnse ÿnxn-k-xn-iƒ kw_- n v Ah-bn \n p ]expw a\- n-em- mw. AXm-Wt m \ap v Bh-iyw. ae- -cbv v Hcp ImtXm-en-t mkn (a-{]n-bm\m)s\ In -W-sa- p tamlw Nne p- m-bn. ""alm-p\k`'' B Imcy-Øn Xmev]cyw {]I-Sn- n- p. Xp n-bp-ambn Nne Fgp-Øp-Ip-Øp-Ifpw D m-bn. A m-e-ømwv a-ømbn siωm-» ]c-tz-i-tøbv p t]mb-xv. ImtXm-en-t m-kns\ hmgn v In p- -Xn-\p km y-x-i-sf- n clky-ambn At\z-jn- p-itbm \nco- n- p-itbm snøp- Xp sim msa v Chn-SpsØ A[n-Ir-X -ti-{µ-߃ A\u-tZym-Kn-I-ambn aømbn siωm-»\p \n t±iw \ In-bn-cp p F p txm p- p. IqSp-X hnh-c-߃ ]n mse hcp- -Xm-Wv. _n. si. A w Hama: Syria 22 nd Dec (kp-dn-bm\n Xe-s -s -gp-øv) Ign Xpemw 29 - mw XobXn Ab FgpØp In n.... -I-Shnse sa{xm- s hntbmk hm Øbpw \nß-fn F -t]mse F nepw ]cn-{`-a-p-\y-am-bn-cp p F p ]d- -dn-bn-t Bhiyw Ds p txm p- n-. ASpØ \mfn ChnsS \n -b FgpØp In n-bn-cn- p-sa p hniz-kn- p- p. AXn Fs bm{x, ChnsS FØnb hnh-cw, \S snbvxn CXp-Iƒ hnkvx-cn- n-cp- p. CtXhsc ChnsSXs Bbn-cp p. sszh-k-lm-b-øm c mgvn-sim v Ct±lw hyxym-k-s Nne \qx\ coxn-iƒ G s -SpØn. Fs kma yw sim -, sszh-k-lm-b-øm Ct mƒ Hcphn[w kpamdm-bn. ASpØ \mfn ChnsS \n v Hdo-i-te-an-tebv p t]mi-wsa v hnnm-cn- p- p. Fgp-Øp-Iƒ p hnlv\w h -Xn F\n pw hyk\w D v. H m-axv Ign Ipw`w apx Rm «o_m dºm- - \n \n p th ]n-cn p Nne ÿe-ß-fn Np n-k- -cn p \nßfpss kpdn-bm\n k`-bpss \nt ]w F mw I p. CXn-\n-S-bn ]e Fgp- Øp-Iƒ Rm Ab- n pw hnhcw Adn-bm-Ø-hn[w ImWp- -Xn AXn-i-bn- p- p. kxy-k-`-bmb \ho-i-c-w- msc AIm-cWw Rm A[n-t -]n- p- n-. Ah Fgp-Xp- -Xn k` ]Ip-Xnbpw h n- ns - mwp Rm hnnm-cn- p- -Xv. kpdn-bm\n k`-tbmfw C{X Acn k` `qan-bn Dt m? ae-bmfw F{X hntijw! ]me- p- s ss[cysø Rm «mln- p- p. at\m-th-z\ AXn ewln- p `bsø Hm Øp Ct mƒ ssihn-sp- n-. Bfp-hoXw Fgp-Ø-b- m \ m-bn-cp- p. Iøn Imin-. hmkvx-h-øn tih-e-øn-emwv (\nßfpss) knwlm-k-\-øn Ign- -Xv. ]pd-s - -t mgpw sx p-i-ev]-\- bmwv \nß-fpss ]m{xn-b okv X Xv. 3 -B-I-bm kztz-i-]n- Xm- fpw hntz-i-]n-xm- fpw Adn-bmØ a ƒ Ipe-Øn C m-xncp- m G w \ m-bn-cn- pw. Du t«-an-temfw Cßn-s\. ]n o-sp t{]m{kmw a\- n-se-gp-xn-bn- p- v. sszth w ]men- -s. ]m. ae-bm-f-tø p h p F mw \S-Øp-sa pw F mw {Ia-s - Sp-Øp-sa- p-am-wm-in- n-cn- p- -Xv. ImWmw, ho n In mø cmp A\y-cm-PyØv Fßn-s\....- F m ÿe-ß-fnepw ] n- q-s-߃ apxemb hi-iƒ p AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. AXn\v D m-ln- n- p-isbm \S- Øp-Itbm snøp- n-. amkw txmdpw [ Ω-ti-J-c-Øn\p Fgp-XpI Xs. Npcp- n- -d m Cu Ak-ly-{I-a-ß-fm P\-߃ AXnZpxJØnepw ] m-øm-]-øn-epw, Nne A -a-\ v A\y-a-X- Ønepw Cßs\ ]m p- p. Cu ] ae-bm-f-tø p h m Fßs\ Iem-in- p-sa p ImWmw. Cu `cww {ItaW ImWmw. bu\m IpSn-en\p kzr-iyw. Fhn-sS-sb- nepw CXn-\n-S-bn \n - I v Hcp IpSn-en {]th-in- -W-sa- m-sws {]Y-tam-t±-iyw. ho pw At ymjym k`-tbm-sp \ΩpsS kjy-xbv v CXp-h-scbp Fs At\z-j-W-Øn bmsxmcp tcjbpw ChnsS ImWp- n-. (kp-dn-bm-\n) -bpss Ime-Øn D m-bn-cp-s - n B hnzz- At±-l-Øns (kp-dn-bm-\n) Fß-s\-sb- nepw hnkvx-cn- pam-bn-cp- p. (t\m v: G-Xm\pw amksø ]cy-s\w aqew Xp n-bnse si p- ]m-sp-iƒ IsØ-gp-Xnb Bfn\p Ipsdsb mw a\- n-embn; ImWp- Ibpw Adnbp-Ibpw snbvxn-s-tømfw hnc- n-bm-wp- m-bxv F p hy -amwv. ae-bm-f-øp-\n p ]Ww In m ""Ah-Imiw'' Ds p itn- p- -h, ""Iøn Imin- m-ø... -ti-h-eøn''emb-hs\ Ah-K-

28 55 56 Wn p ""sx p-iev]\'' simsp-ø-xn-ep AXr-]vXnbpw D m-bn-cn- mw.) c m-asø ]mcm A -K `-am-wv. H m-asø hcn-bn ImWp ""]m'' ]m{xn-b o-kns\ (A-_vZ- m) Dt±-in- m-sw- p- -Xn kwi-b-an-. ""F mw {Ia-s -Sp-Øp-sa- m-in- n-cn- p- Xv ImWmw'' F p {]tbmkw aømbn siωm-» \s mcp Zo L- Z in BsW-t m, Bfp-Isf a\- n-em- m ansp- Fs m F mwv ImWn- p- Xv? AXp F p-xs Bbmepw \mw F mw I pw A\p-`-hn pw icn p Xs Adn- p. am A_vZ m ]W- n-cn-hn\v ka -\m-sw v Cw - n Xma-kn- -t m-gpw, ]t{xmkv XrXo-bs IqsS {KotKm-dn-tbm-kmbn ChnsS h ImeØpw sxfnbn- n-cp- p. ]m{xn-b o-kmbn ae-bm-føp h -t mƒ ""DS-a-ÿ '' BsW p `mhn- -Xp-sIm v B Xcw ]ncn-hn\p Xp\n- n- m-bn-cn- mw. A_vZ m kz w \m nepw ""[ Ω-ti-Jcw'' ]Xn-hm- n-bn-cp p F v Cu IØv sxfn-bn- p- p. 3. At ymjym _ w At ym-jym-tbmsv ae-bm-f-øn-\p kjy-xbv v tcj At\zjn- n v In n-bn F Xv hfsc hfsc {]m[m\yw A ln- p hkvxp-x-bmwv. At ym-jy ae- -cbv v Fs m-s sbm henb henb klm-b-߃ {]mno-\-imew apx snbvxp-h-cp- p-s v Ah \Sn- p- p v. bym -Øn am txmωm H m-as ÿm\w {Iao-I-cn- p- -Xn\v {KotKm-dn-tbmkv hcp- -Xn\p apºv At ym-jytcmsv {]txyi _ w H pw ae- -cbv v D mbn-cp- n-. AXn\v apºv sa{xm- msc Bh-iy-ap- -t mƒ, _m_n-tem, CuKp]vXmb apx-emb ]m{xn-b o-k- m v Fgp-Xm-dp- m-bn-cp- p. H mw am tøm-ωm-bpss ÿm\w {Iao-I-cn- p- -Xn\v Hcp sa{xms\ thwsa v ]Xn-hp-t]mse ]e v FgpXn. A[n-Im-c-koa hnkvxr-x-am- p- -Xn\v ] nb Ah-kcw h n-cn- p p F p I v, At ymjym ]m{xn-b okv Hcp sa{xms\ Ab p simspøp F p sxfn pxs ]e Ncn-{X-Im-c- m Fgp-Xn-bn- p v t\msv ASpØv {KotKm-dn-tbmkv Fs mcp sa{xm h p F p- Xpw Ncn-{X-Imc- m s]mxpth kω-xn- p kwk-xn-bm-wv. At±lw h p XßfpsS sa{xms ÿm\w {Iao-I-cn- -Xn-\m tdmam- m-cpss \nin-xamb hna i-\-߃ pw B{I-a-W-߃ pw Hcp Adp-Xn-h-cp-Øm Ign-bp-sa v hniz-kn ae- c \{km-wn-iƒ, AXym-h-iy- L- -Øn klm-b-lkvxw \o n-b-h-tcm-sp IS msv hnfn p ]d-bm asn- n-. {KotKm-dn-tbm-kn-s\bpw At±-lsØ Chn-tS p \ntbm-kn A[n-Imcn-sbbpw Ah FSpØp Xe-bn h p. Ad-_n- -Y-bn knw_mzv txmfn-te- n-b-xmbn ]d-bp IS Ing-h-\n \n v Abmƒ p- mb A\p-`hw ae- c \{km-wn-iƒ v D m-ipi-bpw snbvxp. BZy Imew apx Xs At ym-jy ae- c \{km-wn-isf ape-bq n hf Øn F mbn A q-. IrX- -Xm-]m-cayw sim m-bn-cn mw Cu IY hf-cm A\p-h-Zn- -Xv BWv sa\-knkv \{km-wn-i-fn `qcn-]- sø ASn p tdmam- q n ti -nbxv Iq\ Ipcniv hnπhw hgn Ah B Iq n \n v c -s -Sp-Ibpw snbvxp. I n v 56 h j-amwv AhnsS \n -Xv. F nepw asßn t]mcmsx \n -h ""]gb Iq p-imcpw'' ]gb \ne-bn-tebv p asßnt]m -h ""]pø '' Iq p-im-cpam-bn. Ah B "]pø ' asn- Iq-SmsX inc- m- h-ln- p- Ibpw snbvxp. C{X Hs -tb-bp- p P\- q- -Øns Hm Ω F p sxfn-bn- p- -Xn-\m-Wv CsX-SpØp ImWn- -Xv. AXp-t]mse Fßns\sbm Hcp At ymjym Iºw D mbn. AXn-t ]nsn- ßp Rmep-Ibpw snbvxp Ft ]d-bm-\p- p. bym w Cuhn[w Bbncn- p-tºmƒ Xp n-bn F{X-am{Xw Kth-jWw \S-Øn-bmepw tcj- Iƒ In m am -an- -t m. AhnsS tcj-sbm- p-an-s v ChnsS \n v Hcmƒ t]mbn Kth-jWw \SØn Xr]vXn-s p F v tcjs -Sp-Ønbn-cn- p- Xp sim mwv Cu IØn\p {]txyi {]m[m\yw Ds p ]d- -Xv. c p Zn n kpdnbm-\n-bn Ft m Fgp-Xn-b-Xmbn ImWn- n- p- -s m. AXp "_m F{_mbm' F pw ""F o-kn-bm- Ãn m'' F pw Bbn-cn- -Ww. ]{ mw ix-i-ønse Ncn-{X-Im-c- \mb _m F{_mbm t]mepw At ym-jymbv p ae- -c-bn-t I Øhyw D m-bn-cp- -Xmbn ]d- n- n F p kmcw. HutK dºms Kth-j-Whpw \nco -Whpw hgn At ym-jym - -a-e- -c- _ w kw_- n v icn-bmb Nne hnh-c-߃ \ap v e`n- p. C\n IØv H p t\m mw. o_m siωm-»-\n \n p th ]ncn p.... ""\nß-fpss kpdn-bm\n k`-bpss \nt ]w F mw I p'' lm-ky-ckw Xpfp-ºp- p. ""\nt -]-߃'' tihew \n m-c-߃ Bbn-cp p \n -bw. ""\nß-fpss kpdn-bm\n k`-tbmfw C{X Acn- - k`'' F v Fgp- Xn-bXv ""sszh-zq-jww'' Bbn KWn- m\pw Bfp- mbn F p ht - mw. GXm-bmepw Xp n-bnse kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpss \nt -]-ßfpw, ÿm]-\-ßfpw kµ in- p-ibpw AwK-ß-fp-ambn [mcmfw CS-

29 57 58 s]-sp-ibpw snbvx-tijw Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-bXpsIm v, ""Acn '', ""aebmfw F{X hntijw'' F o A`n-{]m-b-߃ lrz-b-øn \n p ]pd-s - -h-bm-sw p hy w. Ahbv p apj-hne simsp- -Ww. am A_vZ m ChnsS h v B w-t_mw_v Fdn-bp-Ibpw X ^e-ambn ChnsS c p I n-iƒ D m-ip-ibpw snøp- -Xn\p apºmwv Cu IsØ-gp-Xn-b-sX v Hm t - -Xp- v. A v B Zn nse ""P\-߃ AXn-c ZpxJ-Ønepw ] m-øm-]-ønepw'' Bbn-cp p \n -bw. AhtcmSp \ap p kl-x-]n- mw. _n Fw. A - {]-amww HutK dºm H mw {]Xn v (Ko-h-dp-Kokv Zoh- m-tkym-kv) Ab XobXn C mø IØv F mwv CXn-s\- n h n- -W-t knse BZy PUvPn-sa n ]d-bp- Xv. IØn \n v kwk-x-amb `mk-߃ D -cn- p p:- ""...- \-ΩpsS k` F m ÿeøpw H m-bn- mwv InS- p- -Xv. Cu tziøp hfsc Ipg- n- p- v. ]m{xnb - o-kns kwk-xn-bn henb Ipg w D m-im am -ap v.... hgn-s m- - mcpw I - mcpw \ m h n p hcp- p. AXn-{Iaw h n- n-cn- p ka-b-am- I-bm Bcp ssbpw C w \S- pw. ]gb ]m{xnb - o-kn (A- _vz anin-lm) henb sxs m pw C m-bn-cp- p. Nne {][m-\n-ifpss C w km[n- n-s -t -bp- p. Xpd-_vZo Im F m-hcpw At±lsØ am{xsa kzoi-cn- p-i-bp- p. Cu tzi-øp sa{xm- m-cn kz w CS-h-I- m kzoi-cn- p- -h ct m I n- m aqt m am{xta-bp p. `c-w-i n Cs p am{x-a azy-amw-km-zn-iƒ \ -t]mse D]-tbmKn- p- -h-cm-wv.... -Du t«-anse sa{xm\pw amwkw \ -Xpt]mse Xn p- p-s - mwv tiƒhn...-]p-xnb ]m{xnb - o-kns\ hmgn- n p Xncn p CS-h-I-bn sn -t mƒ ] n-i-fn Ib- m- - Xn-\m Nne-sc mw (sa-{xm- m ) Xncn p Zb-dm-bn FØn XpS-ßnbn-cn- p- p.... ]pxnb _mhmbv v (A-_vZ- m-bv v) ae-bm-f-søøn Ipsd ]Ww ]ncn- m sim m-sa- p- v. cmpm-h-\p-h-zn- p ] w IywXm Ign- m-ep-s IpkvX o-t\m-t]m-eo-kn-te- p v. i{xp- fp- -Xn-\m Is - nte Adn- p-iq-sp. bm{x aps-ßp- -] w henb sa{xm- \v A[n-Imcw A\p-h-Zn- p- Xv kwibw BWv. F m ]gb _mhm Iev]\ Ab-bv p- -Xn\p Xøm-dm-Wv. AhnsS sn n-cp- -t mƒ cl-ky-ambn Ft msp ]d-bp-i-bp- m-bn....- o- _m-d-ºm- t]mepw Adn-bm-sX-gp-Xp C m-cy-߃ ]nxm-hn-t\m- Sp _lp-am\w aqew FgpXn Btem-Nn- p p Ft -bp- p....- A- t\iw hne-tb-dnb ]pkvx-i-߃ Chn-S-ß-fn NnX-dn- n-s- p- v Hcp Imipw Iøn C. Fgp-Xp- -Xn\p IS-em-kn\p t]mepw ]W-an-. ae-bm-f-øp...- h am\y- - mcpw klm-bn-s - n... t\m v: am tpmk^v Zoh- m-tkymkv Pohn- n-cn- p Ime-ØmWv CsX-gp-Xn-bXv F p hy w. ""henb sa{xm- '' F v Fgp-Xn-bncn- p- Xv At±-lsØ Dt±-in- p-x-s. ae- -c-bn a{]n-bm\sb hmgn- m ]pxnb ]m{xn-b okv (am A_vZ- m) Hcp-ßp-sa p tej-i\p hnnm-c-an-. am A_vZ aninlm (]-gb _mhm) hmgn- m Xøm-dp-amWv F p IØn ImWm-a-t m. A_vZ- mbv v aebm-f-søøn ]Ww ]ncn- -W-sa- p tamlw; ]gb ]m{xn-b okns\ X n CSm klm-bn sa{xm- m-cpss ÿnxn; taev]- - mcpss \ne, azy-]m\w, amwk-s mxn CsXms Xpd p ImWn- n-cn- p- p. IqsS D m-bn-cp «o_m Adn-bmsX! Du t«-anse am Cuhm-\n-tbmkv ""amwkw \ -Xp-t]mse Xn p- p v'' F -Xns ]nºn Hcp IY-bp- v. At±-l-hpw, IpkvX- o-t\m-t]m-eo-kn ]m{xnb o-kns {]Xn-\n[n Bbn-cp Xotam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm\pw GXm v Htc Xc-Øn s] -h-cm-bn-cp p. Hcmƒ Xp n-bpss Xeÿm-\Øv k m-cp-ambn CS-s]-Sm kui-cy-ap ÿm\øv. A]- c ss{ikvx-h-tem-i-øns Xe-ÿm-\-sa p hnti-jn- n- m-hp sbdp-i-te-an-epw. kzm[o-\hpw ]W-Øn-\p kui-cyhpw, Ch v Hu Xyw \ In. Ch c mfpw Iq p-si- n-em-bn-cp- p. am A_vZ anin-lmsb ÿm\-{`- -\m- p- -Xn\v Ch kzm[o\w snepøn. sbdp-i-te-anse sa{xm hne- -s amwkw apdbv p Xn p p. ho n\v AhnsS hne- p-an. sbdp-itew sa{xms \ne CXm-bncp-s - n, Xp n-bpss Xe-ÿm-\-sØ- -kp-j-t`m-k-{]n-b- m-cpss ]dp-zokm F p tiƒhn-s \K-c-Øn D m-bn-cp- - -Iq- p-imcs ÿnxn F m-bn-cp- n-cn- Ww F v Chn-Sp- -h Duln- p-sim- s F p -h- -Xp-sIm- m-bn-cn mw B Imcyw Fgp-Øn Dƒs - Sp-Øm- -Xv.

30 kphn-ti-j- - hn-zym`ymk {]h Ø-\-\nc-X alm\kc-amb a{zm-kn A[n-I-\mƒ XßmsX ae- -c-bn Xncns -Ønb HutK dºm- hs-ic ] nbpw kao-]- ÿ-e-ßfpw Xs kphn-ti-j - - hn-zym-`ym-k- {]-h Ø-\-cw-K-ß-fmbn kzoi-cn- p. Ahn-sS-bp Xmgv PmXn- m-cpss CS-bn \ - sn-bvxp-sim v Np n-k- -cn dºm- kphn-tij {]h Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS H -[niw IpSpw-_-ßsf {InkvXp-k-`-bn-te- p -tn Øp. \qdp-iw- n\v A[xIrX k`m-x-cp-hns iox-f-om-b-bn Bizmkw Is -Ønbn-cp- p. GXm\pw h j-߃ p-tijw aq -t -cn ]t{xmkv siωm-» Bcw-`n o_m-zm-k-k-aqlw HutK dºm- s al- Ømb the-bpss ]n p-s -bm-sw- p -Xs ]d-bmw. A[xIrXcpsS axw-am- sø kzm - Xm-ev]cyw ap \n Øn FXn Ø kh Æ sslµ-hcpw k kn. -]n. bpss k mcpw kr n {]Xn- _- -߃ XcWw snøp- -Xn\p o_m-zm-k-k-aqlsø {]mcw`w apx klm-bn- Xv HutK dºm- -\- msx a m-cp-am-bn-cp- n-. kaql- - -ens "\ qcw' F p kaqlw HutK dºm- s\ hnti-jn- n- n- p- v. k`-bn c p hn`m-k-߃ i -ambn {]h Øn- n-cp ImeØpw kaq-l-øn\p [m Ωn-I -]n- p-w -\ Ip-Ibpw AXns c m-[n-im-cn-bm-bn-cn- p-ibpw snbvxxv am HutK Xntam-Øntbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm -Xs- -bmwv. sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bpss kl- I-cWw hs- {]tz-i-ß-fn o_m-zm-k -k-aq-l-{]-h Ø\w s]s p hym]-n- p- -Xn\v hf-sc-b-[niw klm-bn p F Xv Hcp Ncn-{X-k-Xy-am-Wv. kaq-l-øns BZy-Ime hm jn-i-tbm-k-ß-fnse mw XpS -bmbn A y- -X -h-ln psim n-cp- Xpw HutK am Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm- X-s -bm-wv. sim -h jw ] n- -c- h p \S o_m-zmk kaq-l -hm jn-i-øn H. Fw. sndn-bm {]kw-k-i-\m-bn-cp- -Xp-sIm v Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-t]mi-cp-sx v At ymiym {]Xn-\n[n \ntcm-[n p F nepw At±lw ] n- c ktω-f-\-øn A y- -X -h-ln- p. At±-l-Øns kphn-tij Xmev]-cy-{]-hm-lsØ XS-bm B pw Ign- n-. o_m-zmk kaq-l-øns F n-kvtim- Un^ kv Bbn-cp- p-sim- v -snbvx tkh-\-߃ At±-lsØ A\-iz-c\pw [\y-\p-am- n-sb p kwi-b-te-i-sat\y ]d-bmw. k`-bn tncp A[x-Ir-X-cpsSbpw a pw A`n-hr- n v Cw ojv hnzym-`ymkw AXy- m-t]- n-x-am-sw- p Nn - sim- mwv C mcy-øn H pw Xmev]cyw C m-xn-cp hs-i-c-bnse Ipcn-in sxm n ssaxm-\øv Hcp si nsw \n Ωn v At±lw Hcp Cw ojv anun kviqƒ Bcw-`n- -Xv. Cu si n-s-øns bpw ]n osv \n Ωn c p \ne- si- n-s-øn-s bpw ]Wn-bn HutK dºm- A\p-jvTn XymK-߃ C sø Xe-ap-dbv p a\- n-em- m {]bm-k-am-bn-cn- pw. hs-ic skbv v tpm kv sslkviq-fns {]ikvx\mb ap sluvam-ã snω- pg kn. Fkv. kvidnbm IØ-\m Xs AtX- n ]d-bp- Xp hmbn- pi!: ""1902 hs-isc hnim-e-amb Hcp tzhm-ebw I v dºm- AhnsS FØn. Xs kl-]m-tn-i-fmb Xd-bm-\n aømbn IØ- \m (C-t±lw Xt m-ssm- n v bdp-i-te-an t]mb-t mƒ AhnsS h p Ncaw {]m]n p), Ipfn-cm- ]utemkv IØ-\m, Ip -n m-ebv butk^v IØ-\m F n-h-cp-am-bp kvt\l-amwv AhntS v BI jn- -Xv. Cu {]tz-iøv hf-sc-b-[niw ]nt m kap-zmb- ]p-e-b D m-bn-cp p. kphn-ti-j-th-ebv v AsXmcp \ hbemsw- p- I v bp-am-\ m-cp-ssbpw kl-ic-w-tømss AhcpsS hosp- I-fn Ib-dn-bn-dßn D]-tZ-in- m XpS-ßn. Bh-iy-ap klm-bn- I-sfbpw In n. Ccp-\q-dn-e-[nIw IpSpw-_-߃ H -S w amtam-zokm ssis m- p. Ah p ] n-i-fn \n p hkv{xw- sim-sp-øp. hnhmlhpw ]pc- Iq-Zm-ibpw A - mcpw dºm- \pw \S-Øn-s m-sp-øp. ]t{xmkv am HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS {]h Ø-\hpw Xmakn-bmsX XpS-ßn. Ch-sc mw Ct mƒ \ \ne-bn Ign-bp- p. Ch v {]txyiw ] n -h v apt m- -k-ap-zm-b- m-cpss ] n-bn \n p am n \n Ø-W-sa v D mb A`n-{]m-bsØ ]mts \ntj-[n- mwp {]h Øn- -Xv. ]gb am n-f-bpss azy-]m\w amdm-ø-xp-t]mse Ch-cp-sSbpw amdn-bn-. F m ] nbn h p ]gb am n-f-am-tcmssm w Ccn- m asn ]pxnb am nfsb Xs H w IpSn- m A`n-am-\-tØmsS hnfn p _ n Ccp-Ønb ck-i-c-amb kw`-h-ßfp-ap- m-bn- p- v. ]pxnb ]pxnb Xpd-I-fn {]h Øn- p-sim- n-cn- p- -Xn-\- msx \njv{in-b-\mbn Ccn- pi Akm- y-am-bn-cp- p. hnzym-`ym-k-cwkw sxcs -Sp-Øp. tim -b-øn\pw Bep-hmbv pw CSbv v Cw ojv kviqƒ Hcn-SØpw Xs -bn-. hs-i-c- - -nbn \n p IqØm- p-ip-føp \S-

31 61 62 Øn-h Bwt m sh \m- p-e kviqƒ {Km psim p\s-øm hnj-an p k m-cn-te p hn p-sim-spø Ime-am-bn-cp- p. hs-i-sc- Øs Hcp ss{]adn s] ]- n- psw ]WnXp k m-cn\p simsp- m-\p {iaw ]cm-p-b-s pw InS- p. Cu Np p-]m-sn-emwp dºm- Cw ojv kviqƒ Imcyw Btem-Nn- -Xv. ]ecpw s\ n-np-fp n \ncmi {]I-Sn- n- p. Ah F{X-b-[nIw \ncm-i -{]-I-Sn- n- pthm A{Xbpw A[nIw Bi-bmWp dºm- {]Xy- -s -Sp-Øn-b-Xv. ] n- -SpØv Hcp ÿew simsp-øm si nsw At±lw Xo Øp-sIm- m-sa p ]d- p. F m-hcpw kω-xn p. DS Xs hs-i-scbpw kao-]-øp-ap ] n- m-cpss Hcp sndnb tbmkw hnfn- p-iq- n. Ah klmbw hmkvzm\w snbvxp. DS Xs ]W- n-cn-hn\p hosp-txmdpw \S- p. s\ pw ]Whpw XSnbpw tij-cn- p. dºm- F{X sndnb XpIbpw kt m-j-tømss kzoi-cn- p. \me-w-hsc X Xp kz w ssi -Sbn IW- n ImWm-\p- v. Cßs\ ]ncnhp \S-Øn-s m- n-cn- -th-bmwv Rm At±-lsØ ho pw I p-ap- p- -Xv. Rm anuv kω Ah-[n- p- h- -t mƒ Fs amxr- `-h-\-øn Fs amxp-e aømbn IØ-\m-cp-sam-cpan- mwv Rm I -Xv. kviqƒ Im-cy-sØ- n Fs A`n-{]mbw tnmzn- p. Rm hfsc t{]m m-l-p-\-i-amb adp-]-sn-bmwp simsp- Ø-Xv. Rm B kviqfn sluvam-ã-dm-ip-sat m Fs bpw kviqfn-s bpw `mtkym-zbw Hcp-an p t]mip-sat m Hm Ø Rm ]d- -Xv. Fs e yw Fs Kpcp si. hn. Nmt m-bpss \n t±-ia-\p-k-cn v Fw.- Un. skan-\m-cn-bm-bn-cp p. Fs -t mse t{]m ml-p-\-i-amb adp-]sn Bcn \n pw In n-bn- n-s v kt m-j-tømss At±lw adp-]sn ]d- p. Rm Cß-s\-bp Imcy-ß-fn A pw C pw ip`m-]vxn- hn-izm-kn-bm-wv. P\-ß-fn \m\m-pm-xn- a-x-ÿcn \n pw In nb XpIbpw km[-\-ß-fpw-sim v anun kviqƒ si nsw hs-ic ] n-ssa-xm-\øv Xo Øv 1093 CS-h-Øn {]n m-d- dn - mkv XpS-ßn. Fs sluvam-ã-dmbn \nb-an p. F m _n. F. bv v Hcp hnjbw In m-xn-cp- -Xn-\m Rm ho pw Xr»n-\m- n Fkv. ]n. -Pn. timf-pn-te p t]mbn. ChnsS \nc-wøp a bv Fw. _n. ss\\m sluvam-ã-dmbn \nb-an- -s - p. Akn- à v simti-cn txmakv IØ-\m-cpw. Bin- -Xn-e-[nIw Ip n-i-fp- m-bn-cp- p. kviqƒ amt\-p-c-mbn Ccn- -W-sa p ] n- m At]- n- -Xns\ At±lw kzoi-cn- p. A[n-Im-c-Øn\pw {]Xm-]-Øn\pw ]W-Øn\pw taml-an- m-bn-cp- p. kviqƒ Imcy-߃ th -t]mse \S-Øn-s m- m simti-cn-e- \pw snm -tº-e- \pw a p-sams A\p-hmZw- sim-sp-øn v kztz-i-tø- p-t]mbn. CS-bv nss Bh-iywt]mse h n-cp- p. Rm 1918 _n. F. ]m m-bn. Fs Kpcp`qX\pw klm-bnbpw Bbn-cp Fw. Un. sluvam-kv- si. hn. Nmt m- am-ã Ahn-Swhn p t]mim Btem-Nn- -Xn-\mepw Rm sx v tpmen kzoi-cn- p- -Xn\v Fs Bfp-Iƒ v kω-x-an- m-xn-cp- -Xn-\mepw Fw.- Un. bnte p t]mip- -Imcyw Dt]- n- p. Fs hs-i-sc-øs ÿncw \nb-an- p. `mky-h-im F p-xs ]d-b-s, anun kviqƒ sslkviqfm- Ww F Btem-N\ 1919 Bcw`Øn Xs {]_- e-s p. dºm- ho pw cwk-øn-d-ßn. ] n- m-cpss tbmkw IqSn. Ab ] n- mcpw kl-i-cn- m-sa p ]d- p. IqØm- p-ipfw Fd- Wm-Ipfw tdmun\p kao]w hs-isc AXn-a-t\m-l-c-amb ssk p Hcp sndnb Ip n ]p-dw, s\ m-s-øn\p sxm v Gtg- ÿew, ] n-bn \n p hne-bv p- hm-ßn. Hcp ]q Æ- ssl-kviqƒ \S-Øp- -Xn\v Hcp c p \ne si nsw H BIr-Xn-bn ]Wn-bm XpS-ßn. ] n-bn \n p ]Ww FSp-Øp. dºm- ]Whpw s\ pw XSnbpw ]ncn p si nsw Xo Øp. CXn\v Btd-gp- h jw th n-h- p. Cu Ah-k-c-Øn-emWv dºm- s ico-cm- zm-\ -k- - -X, XymK-io-ew, ]W- n-cn-hn-\p kma yw apx-em-bh ]q m-[niw {]Xy- -s - -Xv. Aº-Xp -t\m-b-ºp- Im-e-amWv ]ncn-hn-\p ka-bw. A v F mhcpw Xs hosp-i-fn ImWpw. ]Whpw s\ p-ap Ah-k-cw. ` - Whpw kev m-c-ßfpw kzoi-cn- m H mø t\mb-ºv. ka-b-\ w IqSmsX hosp-txmdpw k -cn- m-\p kuicyw. At±-l-Øn\p aq p awn- p- am{xw elp-`- -Ww -a-xn. IqsS t]mip- -h v Bhiy aps - n AsXms t\csø Ign- p-sim- -Ww. At±-l-Øns t{]m{km-an\p XS w h p-iq-sm. Hcp ho n sn m AhnsS ]d- ºn \nev p F{Xbpw henb B n-en-ø-sn-bn IÆp-sh v AhnsS FØpw. "AXp Xcm \n _- n- t dºm- m, AXns ASpØ sndpxp sh nt m' F v DS-a-ÿ ]d-bpw. DSs\ sh p- Imsc G msp sn-bvxp-i-gn- p. ASpØ Znhkw Ad- - mcpw FØn. Ipt_-c-IptNe hyxymkw IqSmsX ki-e-tcbpw kao-]n- pw. Cw ojv kviqfn ^okv simspøp ]Tn- n- m ASp-Ø -ImesØßpw i n-bn- m-ø-h-tcbpw hn n-. Cßs\ henb XSn- Xs thw-sa p ]d-bp- Xpw Xosc ]mh-s - -hsc Hgn-hm- m-ø-xp-sa- m-sw p Rm Hcn- tnmzn- p. AXp ]ncn-hns a\ximkv{xam-wv. hen-bxp tnmzn-s - nte sndp-xp- In- p-i-bp- p. Xmc-X-tay\ ]mh-s - -h-cn \nt A[nIw In p-i-bp p F p ]d- p. AXp

32 63 64 icn-bm-sw p R߃ ]Tn- p. Hcp Znhkw Ccp-]-Øn-c- -cbv v (3 awn) hn{i-an p Icn- n sh- -amwp Ign- -Xv. tzlw Im -Xn-\m henb ]c-thiw h p howp. ""Rm Ct mƒ acn- pw. Fs -ta ssih p {]m n '' Ft msp ]d- p. Rm ]cn-{`-an- p-t]mbn. DS Xs AXym-h-iy-Øn\p acp v Hcp ho n \n p In n. Bizmk-ambn. AdØ Dcp- -Sn-Iƒ h n-bn Ib- p- -Xn\v Bƒ t]mcmsx-h m AXn-\pw -Iq-Spw. h n hgn-bnse Ipgn-bn XmWp-t]mhpI A m-eøp ]Xn-hm-Wv - - tdmuv sa n-en- -X-. At mƒ Imf-h- n- {Iw ]nsn- p-hn-sp- -Xn\p dºm- -\mwp apº. simti-cn-e- \pw IqSpw. Rm AXn i -\-. dºm- - m v ico-cm- zm\w \ntcm- [n- n- n F p kam-[m\w ]d- mwp snøp- -Xv. si n-s-øns hm\w Xmgv-Øp- -Xn\v BZyw Inf- Xp dºm- -\m-wv. AXpw Ipd- pt\-c-tø p snbvxp. kwk-xn-iƒ apdbv p \S- -W-sa- - msx [\tam {]Xm-]tam kpjtam Io Øntbm B{K-ln- n-. si nsw 1928 sslkviq-fmbn.'' CXn-\nsS 1918 kz -ambn Hcp B{iaw D m- m B{K-ln- p-ibpw ae-bm- q-cn\p kao-]-ap tims-\m v sn n-\s kotbm B{iaw ÿm]n v AhnsS Xma-k-am- p-ibpw snbvxp. B{i-a-tØm- S-\p-_- n v ÿm]n ] n B Ing- {]tz-iøp IpSn-tb-dn- m Ø-h-cpsS Bcm-[-\m-tI-{µ-am-bn. ]n osv tims-\msv B{i-ahpw ] nbpw ]pxp- n- -Wn-bp-Ibpw am HutK sslkviqƒ ÿm]n- p-ibpw snbvxp. CXn-\p-th n am HutK ImtXm-en- m-_mhm KWy-amb txmxn klm-bn- n- ps p ]tc-x-\mb amt\-p-c- Sn. kn. tp _v Cu tej-i-t\msp apsºm-cn- ]d- -Xmbn Hm p- p. CXn-\pw -]p-dta ]ndhw skan-\mcn anun kviqƒ, timet cn sslkviqƒ, ]mºm- ps am Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sslkviqƒ F n-h-bpss ÿm]-\-ønepw am HutK Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xmt m-eoøm \n Æm-b-I-amb ÿm\w hln- n-cp- p. 5 sa{xm-t m-eoøm I \msv `{Zm-k\ CS-h-I-bpsS sfi-i-wvtty-\-bp Xmev]-cy- {]Im-c-amWv bdpite-anse am a t m-kns B{i-a- - n-bn h v HutK dºm- s\ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv F t]cn a -\n- -c-bn I_-dSßnb Gen-bmkv XrXo-b ]m{xn-b okv _mhm hmgn- -Xv. sa{xm ÿm\w Gev p-hm HutK dºm- ioa-bv p-t]mb-t mƒ Hcp cpn-ã DS-ºSn simsp-øp. sa{xm ÿm\w Gev p- -h cpn-ã DS-ºSn shbv -W-sa Hcp \n _ ]mc-ºcyw D -Xp-sIm mwv DS-ºSn Fgp-Xp- Xv F pw, F m ae- -c-k-`bpss D -a-\-øn-\m-h-iy-amb kwk-xn-iƒ {]h Øn- p- -Xn-\pw, {]h Øn- n- p- -Xn-\p-ap Xs kzmx-{ y-øn\v Cu DS-ºSn _m[- I-am-hp-I-bn-s pw DS-º-Sn-bn tn Øn-cp- p. Cu DS-ºSn sa{xm ÿm-\-øn\p XS- hpw Xma-k-hp-ap- m- n. Augen should be punished and returned F p Xncp-h- m-bn \n v Hcp Iºn ]m{xnb o-kn\p In n. am At{]w (]n- osp ]m{xn-b o-kv) tkth-dntbm-kp-ambn kµ `-h-im ImtXm-en- m-ÿm-\-sø- p-dn p hmz- Øn G s -ts- n-h- p. IqsS-bp snm -tº-e- \b-øn s]cp-amdn _mhm-bpss C -Øn-s\mØv DS-ºSn Cw o-jn Hs -gp- Xn-s m-sp- n- p. \m n h -t mƒ AXp cpn-ã-dm- -W-sa v am bqen-tbm-km-h-iy-s - -Xn\v hgn-s - n-. A p-ap-x am bqen-tbmkp-ambn ]nw-ßn-bmwp Ign- Xv. \m n Xncn-s -Øn-b-tijw ]ndhw skan-\m-cn-bn sa{xm-t meoøm Xma-k-am- n. `{Zm-k\ Ac-a\ ]nd-høp ÿm]n- m-\mbn ]ndhw-] n At - ÿew kup-\y-ambn \evin-sb- nepw ]e Imc-W-ß-fm Ac-a\ ]Wn \S- n-. Cu ÿew ]ndhw ] n- p- Xs ]n osp -h I -\msv sa{xm-t m-eoøm hn pi-bm-wp- m-b-xv. `{Zm-k-\-Øn\v Hcp ^ p- m- m-\mbn HutK sa{xmt m-eoøm sndmbn _m n Hcp Nn n tn p. XpS v {i - Xn-cn- Xv aqhm- p-]p-g-bv m-wv. I -\msv `{Zm-k-\- Øns {]Ya sa{xm-t m-eoøm Bbn-cp am Cuhm-\n-tbmkv 300 cq]bv v (]n- osv {]Y-a ImtXm-en m am _t -en-tbmkv ]utemkv {]Y-a ) aqhm- p-]pg ] -WØns kap- -X-amb Hcp `mkøv Fw. kn. tdmun\p sxm p hmßn- n- n-cp ÿehpw si n-shpw ]m - m-

33 65 66 cn \n p ssih-i-s -SpØn Ahn-sS-bp- m-bn-cp sndpsi- n-s-øn Xma-k-am n. ÿew hmßm ]Ww C mxncp- -Xn- \m 300 cq]bv v t{]mankdn -t\m-s -gpxns msp-ømwv B ÿew ] v hmßn-b-xv. B ]pc-bnsw BZm-b-I-c-am- n-øo Øv, AhnsS Ct mƒ ImWp ] n ]Wn-bn- p. Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm-\n- m v aqhm- p-]p-gbn Hcp Bcm-[-\-mÿew Cß-s\-bp- m-bn. Cu ImeØv Npcp w siωm-»- mcpw AhnsS h p Xma-kn p ]Tn- n- p- v. Ah-cn A -cn sim n CS-h-I-bpsS bqlm-t\m am tkth-dn-tbm-kv, A -amen CS-h-I-bpsS am sxtbm-^n-tem-kv, Ct mgsø F{_lmw am oankv F n-h-cpƒs -Sp- p. I -\msv `{Zm-k-\sØ Ipsd-\mƒ `cn am Iqdn-temkv Xncpta\n ]ndhw skan-\m-cn- mbn ]Xn- n-s -SpØXpw sa{xm Iq-s v Adn-b-s - n-cp- Xpamb aq q-dn cw G hnkvxo Æ-ap tncn- NmØ-a w {]tz-iøv InS- n-cp- p. Ct±lw `c-w-ta-ev p- - Xn\p apºp-xs B hkvxp ]W-bambpw ]m -ambpw ssitb- -ambpw A\ym-[o-\-s - v ssih-i- m-cpss tzl-fi-øn Bbn- -gn- n-cp- p. Hgn- n-s -Sp- Akm- y-am-bn. F nepw 10 G ÿew Hgn- n-s -SpØp. _: snω- pg kvidn-bm -I-Ø-\m-cp-tSbpw a pw ]cn-{iaw- sim v Hcp d txm w XpS-ßn. kmº-øni ]cn-an-xn-sim v th n-s-tømfw {i AXn ]Xn- n-. aqhm- p-]pg Xma-kn- p Ime-ß-fn kap-zmb hg p \nan-øhpw a pw kmº-øn-i-ambn a p -X-c-Ønepw sa{xm-t m-eoøm hfsc A[nIw {]bmkw A\p-`-hn- n- p- v. aqhm- p-]pg Xma-kn- n-cp ]gb IpSn si nsw If v AhnsS Hcp Ac-a-\-sI- nsw ]Wn-b-W-sa v sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbv v B{K-lap- m-bn-cp- p. kam-[m-\-ap- mb DS AXn-\m-bn- mwv {ian- -Xv. \n `m-ky-h-im AXn-\m-tem-Nn- m IqSnb tbmkw ]ncn- p-hn-ts- nh-cn-i-bmwp snbvx-xv. tpmbn p- sa-{xm- -\mb ]ueqkv am ]oe- Ivkn-t\m-kns kl-i-c-w- p-d-hp-sim- p-x-s. CXn hfsc A[nIw thz-\n p. H pw snømsx F mw Dt]- n v tims-\m v B{i-a-Øn hn{i-an- -W-sa- p-t]mepw Nn n- p. Ipd- p-t] ss[cywsim-sp-ø-t mƒ kt m-j-am-bn. ]W- n-cn-hn\p sx CS-h-I-Isfbpw kvt\ln-x-scbpw I p cq]m sne-hp-snbvxv H mw- \ne ]Wn-bn p. c mw \ne ]Wn-Xp- Im-Wm B{K-ln- p. AXn\v CS-hI sa{xm-t m-eo-ømsb 9000 cq]m-bpss Xmsg- -d-bp hkvxp- -fpw, 3000 cq]mbpw Gev]n- p. txm w hn v cq]m-bpw, ]ndhøv Ac-a-\- -d-ºp- hn v 3000 cq]mbpw CS-hI sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbv p In n. I -\m-sn-s-h-i-bv p -th n sndmbn _m n tn n-cp Nn n- -W-Øn aqhm- p-]pg Ac-a-\- -d-ºn tdmuv sskun ]WnX Ipcn-ipw-sXm- n- pw, Ac-a-\-s - n-s-øn-\pw, NnIn- -Iƒ pw a v Bhiy-߃ pw sne-hm-b-xp- I-gn p _m n 3000 cq]m sdun Iymjmbn p sa{xm-t m-eo-ømsb Gev]n- p. Hcp ssi apx Ccn- s F p Nn n- pi km[m-c-w-am-wv. F m sa{xm- Aßs\ snbvxn-. tim -bøp t]mbn Xmakw Dd- n- -Im-eØpw c mw \ne-sb- n At\z-jn- p-sim ncp- p. c mw \ne Xo -t mƒ kt m-jn v AhnsS sn p- I v Xr]vXn-s - p. H mw \ne ]Wn-Xt mƒ D mb kam-[m-\-søbpw si nsw ]Wn-X-Xn-s\bpw a pw A\p-kva-cn- n- p Hcp am _nƒ ine AhnsS shbv -Wsa p Nne ]d p F nepw Aßs\ {]iw-k-sbm pw ths - p-]-d v Ahsc hne- n. ]t snω- pg A ine-bn Imcy߃ simøn-h- p. AXn Fgp-Xn-bn-cn- p- Xv Xmsg tn p- p:- To the Glory of God and in Jubilant memory of the mutual acceptance of the Patriarchate and the Catholicate on , during the blessed period of H. H. the Patriarch of Antioch Moran Mar Ignatius Yakoob Ill, and H. H. the Catholicose of the East Moran Mar Baselios Gheevarghese II this Metropolitan Residence was erected by H. G. Mar Augen Themotheose Metropolitan of the Kandanad Diocese on this site earned by H. H. Moran Mar Baselios Paulose I, the Catholicose of the East, first installed in India in 1912 and formerly H. G. Mar Ivaniose Metropolitan of happy memory of the Kandanad Diocese. Muvattupuzha Ac-a-\-bn H mw ImtXm-en- m-bpss FÆ-Ombm ]S-hpw, am HutK _mhm-bpss FÆ-Ombm ]Shpw Fgp-Xn-h- p. CsX-gp-Xp- -kabw ]S-ßfpw m_pw AhnsS ImWp- n-. aqhm- p-]pg Zo L\mƒ Xma-kn- -Xp-sIm- pw, AhnsS at\m-l-camb Ac-a-\-sI- nsw Xm Xo Ø-Xp-sIm- pw, ImtXm-en m Bbm Ø s bpw, Ahn-Sw- hn- p-t]m-imsx in m-bp v Ign- -Wsa v Hcp txm, F m-h p-sa- -t]mse am Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm- \pw D m-im-sa p Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b _mhm hnnm-cn- p. At±-l-Øns Ime-tijw tim -b-øp-h p ImtXm-en- m-am-cpss

34 67 68 HutZym-Kn-I-h-k-Xn-bn Øs Xma-kn- -W-sa p sa{xm- -t\msp ]db-w-sa v Hcn- snω- pg A -t\msp Iev]n- p. A B hnhcw sa{xm- s\ Adn-bn p. "A -\-dn- p-iq-ts, F mw \ m-bn-cn- -Wsa- - m-sx, F\n v H n-t\mspw ] n- n-sn- n-cn- -W-sa kz`m-h-ans v' F p adp-]sn ]d p. ]e ÿeøpw {]h Øn- n- p- v, ]e ÿm]-\-ßfpw D m- n-bn- p- v. F m Ah-sb- p-dn v kzbw {]iw-kn- p-itbm Ah-tbmSv Akm-[m-cW t{]aw ImWn- p-itbm snøm-dn-. tim -bøv sshzni skan-\m-cn-bn {]n kn- m-fm-bn-cn- p-tºmƒ ]d p: ""Rm aqhm- p-]pg \n p t]m Xv \ m-bn. I -\m-sn-s-h- I- m Fs ad- Xv Hcp -X-c-Øn KpW-am-bn- p- v. Ct mƒ Fs {i B pw FØp-s]-SmsX ssisb-gp-øn- am{xw InS- p kpdn-bm\n{kÿ-߃ X -a -sn-øp- -Xn-em-Wv. hfsc apsº Rm B{K-ln- -Xm-Wv. Ct m-gmwv AXn-\p ka-bhpw A -Sn- n- p- - Xn-\p Bfp-I-fp-ap- m-b-xv.'' s]cp-\mƒ]-sn-bp s] Iokm \akvim-c-øn\pw, ]nxm- - m-cp-ss Hm Ωbv pw D]-tbm-Kn- n-cp- Xpw ]fin-x- mcpw ` - m-cp-amb ]nxm- - m cnn- n- p- Xpw thz-hm- Iyw-sIm pw h Æ-\-sIm pw ]cn-]p- -am- -s - n- p- -Xp-amb {]pantbm {]m -\-Iƒ F{Xbpw \ ae-bmf `mjm-ssi-en-bn ]cn- `m-j-s -SpØn A -Sn- n- n- p- Xv kmln-xy-]-c-ambpw k`bv v Hcp apx q- m-wv. Bcm-[-\-sb mw ae-bm-f-øn-em- n-bn-cn- p C meøv ta ]-d kpdn-bm\n-{kÿß-fnse AXn-hn-ti-jhpw ]fintxm-nn-x-hp-amb Bi-b-߃ ]pd-øp-sim- p-h-cp- -Xn-\v, B pw Ignhn m-sxbpw a\- n- m-sxbpw InS v Ft - p-ambn \ -s -Sm- Xn-cn- p- -Xn\p sa{xm- snbvxn- p tkh-\-߃ hne- Xo-cm-Øh-bm-Wv. ]mºm- ps ]tc-x-\mb aev]m-\- X -a -sn-bvxp-h- ncp ]pxn-b-\n-baw ]cn-tim-[n v A -Sn- n p. X -a- X-s -b At±lw snbvxn- p- -Xv. kzx-{ - {K-Ÿ-߃Xs Fgp-Xn-bn- p- v. atxm-]-tz-i -k-xy-߃, ac-wm-\- -cm-h-ÿ, hnip kp -l-tzmkp-iƒ apx-em-b-h -X-s. hn.- Ip m-\-bpss lqtøm-am, am txmωm-bp-ts-bpw, am Koh-dp-Kokv kl-zm-bp-ssbpw Hm a-zn-h-kß-fnse s] Iokm \a-kvimcw Ch ]Zy-Øn Øs ]c-n`m-js -SpØn A -Sn- n- p. I -\msv CS-h-I- m `qcn]- hpw Dt]- n- Xpw aqhm- p-]pg hn Xpw D -io-im-]-ap-]-imcw F \ne-bn k`bv p-]-tbm-k-s -Sp-I-bmWp snbvx-xv. ae- -c-k-`-bn \ne-hn-en-cp `n -X-Iƒ Ah-km-\n- n- m am Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm-t meoøm ]e {ia-߃ \S-Øn. am Gen-bmkv ]m{xn-b okv ae-bm-føv FØnb-t mƒ D mb kam-[m-\m-tem-n-\-i-fn h -t»-cn am Zoh- m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]c-kv]c kzoi-c-w-x-xz-tømsp tbmpn- p-\n- p. ]m{xnb o-kv -_mhm Imew -sn-bvx-tijw \S ]e kam-[m-\m-tem-n- \-I-fnepw ]mem-º-søv h o-en-t\m-ssmøp ]s -Sp-Øp. HSp-hn Bephm h -ta-i-k-tω-f\w \S-Øn. A n-a-amb Hcp ]cn-{i-a-am-bncp p AXv. CtXm-Sp-IqSn ]m{xn-b o-kv -]- sø sa{xm- m-cp-ss- Iq- -Øn \n v H -s - p-xp-s-ßn. ae- -ck`-bn kam-[m\w ssihcp-øp- -Xn\v \S-Øn-bn- p- -Xn G hpw {][m-\hpw tcmam- -P-\- I-hp-amb {iaw HutK am Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bpss t\xr-xz-øn Bep-hm-bn \S-Ø-s - -XmWv. ImtXm-en m hn`m- K-Øns ] -Xz-Øn\p \yq\-x-bp-s p hmzn p h -hsc Xr]vXns -Sp-Øm th n ""hr ]p q-kmb'' ].- _-t -en-tbmkv Kohdp-Kokv c m-a, ]m{xn-b okv hn`m-ksø sa{xm- m-cpss apºn Xe-Ip-\n- p-\n v s{imbn-tømzv dqlm F {]m \ kzoi-cn- m Xøm-dmbn. ] -Xz-Øn\v Fs - nepw \yq\-x-bp- m-bn- -. kam-[m- \m w A na{iaw \S-Ønb HutK am Xntam-Øn-tbm-kn\pw A mcyw \ Xn -am-bn-cp- p. kam-[m\w Bflm -ambn B{Kln- n-cp Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm- s \n _ w aqew Xe-Ip-\n- m Xøm-dm-bn. ]m]an mø ainlm Xºp-cm ]m]n-isf c n- m th n Cu temi-øn h -Xp-t]mse, _mhm Cu hyhÿbv p hnt[-b-\m-i-w-sa v am Xntam-Øn-tbmkv A\p-kva-cn- n- -t mƒ _mhm FXn-cp-]-d- n-. Bephm Xr p- Øv skan-\mcn ] n azv_-lm-bn ]m{xnb okv _mhm Ab Hcp {]m \ Xs kl-]mtn Bbn-cp AØm-\m-tkymkv sa{xm- snm n kzoi-cn- -W-sa- p hyhÿ AwKo-I-cn v B I Ω-Øn ]s -Sp- m At±lw kω-xn p. k`bpss tbmpn- pw, kzmx{ y kwc- -Whpw km[n- p- -Xn-\p GI am K-a-Xm-sW- n AXn\p Xe-h-W-ßm At±lw k n-ln-x-\mbn. {]m -\-bpss \ At±lw ImWp-Ibpw ]cn-tim-[n- p-ibpw snbvxp. ] w-sims hmn-i-sam- p-an-s - nepw ]cn-ip- mfl \ h-csø- p-dn- p ]cm-a i\w AS-ßn-b-Xm-bn-cp p B {]m \. BZyw Xncp-ta-\nbpw IqsS-bp sa{xm- mcpw B kzoi-cw {]m - \-bn kw_- n- -W-sa- m-bn-cp p hyh-ÿ. _mhm AXn\pw FXncp ]d- n-. Nne sa{xm- m AXn ssha-\kyw {]I-Sn- n- p. _mhm Xs kzoi-cw {]m -\-bn kw-_- n- -tijw a p

35 69 70 sa{xm- m-cpss Imcy-Øn _mhm kzoi-cw {]m \ \S-Øn-bm axn-sb- p t`z-kxn Ah-X-cn- n- -s - p. Zo L-amb Btem-N\ \S-Ønb tij-amwv am AØm-\m-tkymkpw am bqen-tbmkpw AXn\p kωxw aqfnb-xv. henb {]kn- o-i-c-w-sam pw IqSmsX cl-ky-ambn Cu I Ωw \n h-ln- m-sa- m-bn-cp p ]c-kv]c kω- Xw. AXp-sIm v cm{xn-bn-emwp _mhm Xnc-pta\n Xr p- Øv skan- \m-cn-bn FØp- -Xn\p {Iao-I-cn- n-cp- -Xv. _mhm bp.- kn. timf- Pn \n p bm{x Xncn- -t mƒ At±-l-Øns at\m-ssh-jayw Adn- n-cp t\xm- ƒ hmhn p Ic p. Nne t]mip- -Xns\ XS- - s -Sp-Øn. Xm ÿm\w Hgn p amdn \nt - mw. kam-[m-\-øn-\pth n a m-sc-sb- nepw ImtXm-en-t m-kmbn hmgn- m Xncp-ta\n \n t±-in- XmWv. Xr p- Øv skan-\m-cn-bn CtX kabw as mcp hsw-h-en-bmwp \S- -Xv. ImtXm-en m ] sø F m Xncp-ta-\n-amcpw kzoi-cw {]m -\-bn kw_- n- -W-sa- p hmz-øn \n v am bqentbm-kns\ ]n n-cn- n- m hfsc {iaw th n-h- p. Ah-km\w At±lw _mhm am{xw axn-sb p kω-xn- p. B hnhcw Adn p Ign- mwv _mhm timf-pn \n p ]pd-s - -Xv. F m Xr p- Øv skan-\m-cn-bn sn -t mƒ am bqen-tbmkv t]mbn- -gn- ncp- p. am AØm-\m-tkym-kns t\xr-xz-øn kzoi-cww \S- Øn-bm axn-sb p ]d- m-ws{x At±lw ÿew hn -Xv. F m X\nsb AXp \n h-ln- m G s -Sp-Øn-b-Xn kwi-bm-ep-hm-bn- Øo am AØm-\m-tkymkv D`-b-k-Ω-X-{]-Imcw kzoi-c-w-i Ωw \n h-ln- m Xøm-dm-bn-. ]n o-sp Ncn{X kw`-h-߃ \nco- n- p-tºmƒ, sszh-øns {]Xy- -amb CS-s]-S sim v A\m-hiy-amb Hcp Iogvh-g- -Øn \n p ae- ck`sb c n- -bmwp snbvx-sx p ImWmw ao\w 11 \p Bcw-`n p 16 \p Ah-km-\n h -tai ktω-f-\hpw k`sb tbmpn- n FØn n. CtXmsS ]m{xnb okv hn`m-k-øns s]m -Øcw Hcn- IqSn hy -ambn. ]t D n ImtXm-en m hn`m-k- m-c-\m-bn-cp HutK am Xntam-Øn-tbm-kv, k`-bpss \ -bv p-th n 1942 ImtXm-en- msb kzoi-cn- Xv CXn-s -sbms shfn- -Øn-em-bn-cp p. Hcp kp{]-`m-x- Øn ImtXm-en- msb aqhm- p-]p-gbv p Wn- -X-. h Ø-am-\- ߃ p th n am Xntam-Øn-tbmkpw km m Hm ØtUmIvkpImc-\m-bn-cp aq -t -cn ]t{xmkv am HkvXm-Øntbmkpw kµ `m-\p-k-cww X{ -]q w \oßn-bxv Xß-fpsS k`m ZuXyw XI-cm-Xn-cn- m-\m-bn-cp- p. kap-zm-b-t -kn ImtXm-en- m- ] -Øn-\-\p-Iq-e-ambn icn-bmb Imt\m sxfn-bn- p- -Xn\p _. tim\m v amø aev]ms injy _. timx-aw-k-eøp amdm-t»- cn C o-cm aev]m Xs injy _. tim\m v A{_-lmw -a-ev]m F n-h-scm- n p samgn- sim-sp-øp. ]mºm- p-s -\n p 700 sim -Øne-[nIw ]g- -ap ioa ssisb-gpøp Imt\m ]pd-øp-h-cp- -Xn\p t{]c-w- \ In-bXv Ct±-l-am-Wv. kwk-xn-iƒ Cßs\ {ZpXK-Xn-bn \oßn. Cßs\ aqhm- p-]p-g-bn Xma-kn- p- -Im-eØv 1118 (1942) - Ac-a-\-bn h v I -\msv `{Zm-k\ s]mxp-tbm-k-øns km n- y- Øn am Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b ImtXm-en- m-_m-hmsb ]c-kyambn kzoi-cn v HmIvkn-tbmkv ]msn. AsXms im -ambpw `wknbmbpw \S-s - nepw `{Zm-k-\-Øn kam-[m-\- p-d-hm-wp- m-b-xv. an ] n-i-fnepw c p I n-iƒ XΩn hyh-lm-c-ßfpw \S- p. Xma-kn-bmsX tim bw sshzni skan-\mcn {]n kn- m-fmbn AhnsS Xma-k-am- n. Iptd- -gn p Xpº-a CS-h-I-bpsS sa{xmt m-eoøm am ]oe-ivkn-t\mkv (]p-ø Im-hv) Imew -sn-bvx-t mƒ B CS-h-IbpsS sa{xm-t m-eoøm Bbn ]Ø-\w-Xn- -bn Xma-kn- p tim -b-øp-h p \S-Ønb sa{xm ÿm-\m-`n-tji I Ω- Øn ] p-sim- p. A mwv am Cuhm-\n-tbm-kv, am AØm-\mtkym-kv, am ]oe-ivkn-t\m-kv, am Iqdn-tem-kv, am HkvXm-Øntbm-kv F o sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-am hmgn- -s - -Xv. Xpº-a CS-h- I-bpsS `cww i -\mb Zm\n-tb am ]oe-ivkn-t\mkv G -t mƒ ]Ø-\w-Xn hn v aqhm- p-]p-g-sbøn Xma-kn- p. Xm hf-sc -\m-fmbn B{K-ln- n-cp kam-[m\w ImWp-hm CS-bm-bXv At m-gm-wv kp{]ow-tim-sxn hn[n-bp- m-hp-ibpw Xma-kn-bmsX 1958 Unkw- _-dn ]m{xn-b okpw ImtXm-en- mbpw XΩn ]c-kv]c kzoicww \SØn IØp-Iƒ ssiam-dp-ibpw snbvxp. a\- n\p henb kam-[m\w D m-bn. I -\msv `{Zm-k\-`-cWw Hcp {]iv\-am-bn-øs \ne-hn-en-cp- p. Nne hyh-ÿ-iƒ A\p-k-cn p apt m- p- \o-ßm-\p {ia-ßfpw hnp-bn- n-. Ac-a\ ]Wn-bp- -Xn-\p FXn p-isf IqSp- X i n-tbmss X nam n snω- pg A s t\xr-xz-øn Aca\ ]Wn \S- p. CXn-\nsS Hcp ikv{x-{in-bbv p hnt[-b-\mbn GXm\pw BgvN-Iƒ sh q-cn Xma-kn-t - n-h p F nepw kpjw {]m]n p Xncp-ta\n aqhm- p-]p-g-bn Xma-kn- p-tºmƒ ImtXm-en- mbpss ]n Km-an-bmbn sfi-i-wvtty\ sxc-s -Sp- -s -Sp-I-bm-Wp- m-b-xv.

36 ]ndhw a ±\w ]pjv]i-ø-sb p hnti-jn- n- -s -Sp sa{xm-t m-eoøm ÿm\w G -ti-jw, HutK am Xntam-Øn-tbm-kns bm{x ap p-iƒ \nd hgn-bn-eq-ss-ø-s -bm-bn-cp- p. ae- -c-k-`m`m-kp-c-\mb h t»-cn Koh-dp-Kokv am Zoh- m-tkymkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-tb- mƒ {]bm-k-ß-fpw ]ou-\-ßfpw "]e-h w ] n-wnbpw' kln-t - n- h- n- p- v. At ym-iy-bnse kndn-b Hm Ø-tUm-Ivkv -k-`-bp-ambn \ _ w A`wKw XpS-c-W-sa- m-{k-ln At±lw Ahn-sS-\n- p \oxn-c-ln-x-amb {]Xn-I-c-W-ß-fn Ak- p- -\p-am-bn-cp- p. F nepw k`-bn kam-[m\w D m-t - Xv k`-bpss C y-bnse ZuXy hnpb-øn\pw e yt\ -Øn\pw AXy- m-t]- n-x-am-sw- p-i am Xntam-Øn-tbmkv AS-ßn-bn-cp- n ]m{xn-b okv `mk- m, ]gb skan-\m-cn-bn Xma-kn- p _t -en-tbmkv Koh-dp- Kokv ZznXo-b F p-iqsn Adn-b-s -Sp "I m-t -cn ]p q-kns\' H mw-{]-xn-bm n tim bw Pn m-t m-s-xn-bn tikv ^b sn-bvxp. ]m{xn-b o-kn-\p-am{xw Ah-Im-i-s ÿm\hpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw ImtXm-en-t mkn\p \ Ip-Ibpw Hcp `c-w-l-s\ D m n {]Xn- Iƒ ]pxnb k` ÿm]n- p-ibpw snbvxp F m-bn-cp p A\ym-b- Ønse {][m\ Btcm-]-Ww. tikp hmzw-ti kvs]j PUvPn _n. IrjvW-ø, bym Imt\m, A_vZ an-in-lm-bpss aps v F o Imcy-ß-fn am bqen-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm simspø samgn I -am-sw p ka n- p-ibpw Ahsb Hcp taev]- - mcs "Ahn-ip- -{]-hrøn' F p hnti-jn- n- p-ibpw snbvxp. Hcp IØnse Xob-Xnbpw Imt\m kw_- n Xncp-Øp-amWv ]c-kyambn am bqen-tbm-kns\ I -s\ p ho pw ap{z-b-sn- m CS-bm- n-b-xv. A_vZ aninlm ÿm]n ImtXm-en-t v km[p-hmsw- p-im-wn p HutK am Xntam-Øn-tbmkv {]kn- -s -Sp-Ønb elp-te-j-bn XobXn kw_- n- p-h Hcp ]cm-a i-\-amwv bqentbm-kns\ sh n-em- n-b-xv D mb tim bw tims-xn-hn[n ImtXm-en- m-`m-k-tø v hfsc A\p-Iqe-am-bn-cp- p. F m hn[n- p-ap-ºp-xs Nne kam-[m-\m-tem-n-\-iƒ \S- p-sim- n-cp- p. AXn {][m-\-s - -XmWv Bep-hm-bn-te-Xv. Xm t\xrxzw simspø Bep-hm-bnse kam-[m-\-{iaw hnp-b- Øns h n FØn-b-tijw XI -Xn IpWvTn-X-\mb HutK am Xntam-Øn-tbmkv kam-[m-\-{i-a-ß-sf- - nbpw ]m{xn-b o-kp- `mksø NXn-sb- - nbpw I -\msv ] n-{]-xn-]p-cp-j-tbm-k-øn hnhcn- -tijw ImtXm-en- m-_m-hmsb kzoi-cn- p. k`-bpss ]ptcmk- Xn pw kzmx-{ y-øn\pw ImtXm-en m knwlm-k\w IqSn-tbXocp F v At±lw ka n- p. Aßs\ At±-lhpw `{Zm-k-\hpw 1942 HtŒm-_ 7 \p ImtXm-en-t - ns simsn- o-gn h p. adp-]- - Øns FXn pw X{ -ß-fpw -aqew `{Zm-k-\-Ønse an ] n- Ifpw ]n osv CS-bs\ X n- -d- p. {]Xn-Iq-e -km-l-n-cy-߃ Xnc-am-e-Iƒt]mse B -Sn- p. ]t Bg-Øn thtcm-snb B hs-hr w adn- p-ho-wn-. CtX XpS mwv Ip{]-kn- -amb ]ndhw a ±\w D m-b-xv. ImtXm-en-t - ns Iogn h -tijw aqhm- p-]p-g-bnse Hcp sjõn Xma-kn Xntam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\nsb B] L- -Øn `{Zm-k-\-Ønse Npcp w Nne ] n-iƒ am{x-amwv klm-bn- -Xv. bma {]m -\-I-fnepw t\mºnepw D]-hm-k-Ønepw \n p {hx-\njvt-\mb Xncp-ta-\nbpsS ZrV-\n- -b-øn \n pw am m B pw Ign- n-. Hcn- Xs amxr-k-tlm-z-cn-]p-{x-\mb hb-en- -d-ºn am {KntKm-dn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm aqhm- p-]p-g-bn h v hf-scb-[niw hmkvzm-\-߃ \ In am Xntam-Øn-tbm-kns\ ]m{xnb okv ] -tø- p- Xn-cn p ]nsn- m \S-Ønb {ia-߃ H pw ^en- n-. am\p-jni aqey-߃ v A\y\pw ae- -c-bnse ]nf ns I n- Øm-\p-am-bn-cp am bqen-tbm-kn\p ]nsn-in- m-xn-cp c v taev]- - m-cm-bn-cp p am Xntam-Øn-tbmkpw sim n CS-h-I-bpsS am tkth-dn-tbm-kpw \p -ti-j-amwv am tkth-dn-tbmkv ImtXmen-t - ns Iogn h -Xv. aqhm- p-]p-g-bn X n- -f aqe- - mbn ÿnxn-snbvx-t mƒ am Xntam-Øn-tbmkns\ tdmam-k-`-bnte v Wn- m Nne taml\ hmkvzm-\-ß-fp-ambn FØn ÿm\- am-\-߃ \o n. Ch-cn sszh apºmsi snbvx {]Xn- -Iƒ Im n ]døn Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`-hn v tdmam-k-`-bn tn NocmtØm w ^m. kn.- F. G{_-lmw, ^m. n. hn. tpm (bp.- kn.- tim-f- Pv), ^m. hn. kn. Koh-dp-Kokv (B-ep-h) F n-h Dƒs -Sp- p. aqhm- p-]pg \n Ω-em- tim-f-pns ap {]n kn- ^m. aqtøsw e y- {]m-]vxn- mbn Nne IØp-Iƒ Ab- n-cp- p. Xncp-h\- -]pcw

37 73 74 B v_n-j v _\-UnŒv am {KntKm-dn-tbmkpw k`m ]cn-h Ø-\- Øn-\mbn {ian- p. {]tem-`-\-߃ aqhm- p-]pg Bdp-t]mse s]cpin F nepw Hcn- -embn `c-taev]n hnizm-k-øns LmX-I-\m-Im, ]md-t]mse Dd p \n At±lw Xøm-dm-bn-. ae- -c-bn k` ÿm]n- Xv am tømωm «olm-bm-sw pw CXc k`-iƒ v AXnt A[n-Im-c-an-s pw Ing- ns A -kvtxm-e\pw {]Ya sa{xm\pw am tøm-ωm-bm-sw pw hniz-kn- p-ibpw ]Tn- n- p-ibpw snbvxp-h am Xntam-Øn-tbmkv tdmam k`-bpss \mw-b-ßfpw ÿm\-am-\-ßfpw XrW-h K-Wn- p. kxy-hn-izm-khpw XXz-ß-fpw, an p \iz-c-amb \mw-b-ß-fpss apºn IqSp-X tim`n- p-sa v kzbw ImWn- p-sim-spø Xncp-ta\n IqSp-X {]Im-in- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. ae -c-k-`-bn tikp-s pw ]q Æ-X-bv p-th- n-bmwp Xm k` hnsp- -sx pw ]d- p-sim v _Y\n am Cuhm-\n-tbmkv tdmam k`-bn tn -Xns\ XpS v At±lw ae- -c-k-`-bnse ]e {]apj hy n-i-sfbpw tdmam-k-`-bn tncm Wn p. a p-k-`-ifn ImWp- -Xn-t\- mƒ {]K `-cmb H -[niw hy n-i-fp k`bmwv tdmam k`-sb pw W- -Øn ]d- n-cp- p. k`-bn Fs - nepw hy n-]-c-amb {]iv\-߃ D m-ip-tºmƒ km[m-c-w- m-cmb Nne k` amdpi ]Xn-hmsW nepw k`m kw_- -amb Adnhpw k`tbmsp Iqdpw XXz Zo -bp-ap kap- X hy n-isf AØcw {]iv\-߃ H pw Ae- p-i-bn-s - mwv HutK am Xntam- Øn-tbm-kns al-ømb amxri hy -am- p- -Xv. am HutK _mhm-bpss XZzmcm ae- ck`-bp-ssbpw Ncn-{X- Ønse IdpØ Hc- ym-b-amwp ]ndhw kw`-hw. {]_p- -amb ]ndhw hen-b-] n CS-h-Ibv p ambn- p-i-f-bm-\m-hmø Hcp If- -am-w-xv. B ""Ccp- -d-h[w'' aqew {]Xn-Iƒ temi-øns Zr n-bn A]-am- \n-x-cm-bn. sszh-tim]w Ah-cp-sS-ta snmcn- p. ASn-sIm Bƒ A n-ip-fi-ønse I\Iw t]mse tim`n- p. HutK _mhmsb Hcp "klzm'bpss ]Z-hn-bn-te- p-b Ønb Cu a ±-\-Øns bym Nn{Xw CXp-h-scbpw hc-sam-gn-bmbn h n- n- m-ø-xp-sim v kw`-h-ÿ-e-øp-sn v Cu a ±-\-Øns ZrIvkm- n-i-fmb Nne-cn \n p tij-cn bym hnh-c-ß-fmwv NphsS tn p- -Xv. btlm-h-bpss A`n-jn- s ta Bcpw F{X-Xs {]tem-`\w D m-bmepw ssih-bv m-xn-cn- p- -Xn\v Cu kw`-h-hnh-cww klm-bn- p-sa p {]Xo- n- p-i-bm-wv I -\msv ] n {]Xn-]p-cp-j-tbmKw hnfn- p-iq- n. B tbmk Xocp-am-\-{]-Imcw HutK am Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm ]. _t -en-tbmkv Koh-dp- Kokv ZznXo-b ImtXm-en- m-_m-hmsb kzoi-cn- -Xns\ XpS p s]k-lm- hym-gmgvn cm{xn-bmwv tbip-{in-kvxp-hn-s\-t mse Xntam- Øn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbpw kz -P-\-ß-fm A[n-t -]n- s -Sp-Ibpw ssitb w snø-s -Sp-Ibpw D m-b-xv. I -\msv `{Zm-k-\w- hi ]ndhw skan-\m-cn-bn-emwv A v sa{xmt m-eoøm Xma-kn- p-h- -Xv. s]klm ip{iq-j-iƒ skan-\m-cn-bn \S-Ønb tijw Xncp-ta\n hn{i-an- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. A v ]ndhw ] n-bn Hcp IΩ-n n-tbmkw D m-bn-cp- p. ]ndhw Cw ojv anun kviqƒ sluvam-ã-dm-bn-cp Be- m v Uo F.- Fw. -txm-akv kndn-b ÃpU kvv tim ^-d kv sk{i- -dn-bmbn tkh\w snøm c p h jsø Ah-[n-bn kviqƒ hn- -Xn-s\- Xp-S v Akn-à ns\ Npa-Xe Gev]n- p. F m kviqƒ amt\-pcm-bn-cp Hcp sshzn-i as mcp hnhmz hy nsb a m-tcmspw Btem- Nn- msx sluvam-ã-dmbn \nb-an- p. CtX- n ] n- -Ωn- n-bn tnmzy-ap- m-b-t mƒ amt\-p-cm-bn-cp A Cßs\ ]d- p: ""Rm kviqfn sn -t mƒ AhnsS sluvam-ã C m-bn-cp- p. AXp-sIm v Rm Hcmsf \nb-an p.'' H - m-sp-iƒ p tijw sa{xm I n- m Cd-ßn-t m-bn. IΩn- n-bn _mhm- - n- m mbn-cp p `qcn-]- w. Ah Ah n- -ap Xocp-am-\-߃ FSp-Øtijw IΩn- n- ]n-cn- p. I n -a- -c-øns i n IqSnh B L -Øn ]ndhw SuWnse Nne {]apj hy n-iƒ sa{xm `mkøpw a p Nnecpw ]mgq - -I- m-sp-ic {]am-wn-amcpw _mhm-`m-køpw \n p ] n- mcy-߃ Ah-c-h n- -ap coxn-bn Xncn- p-hn-sm bxv\n- p-sim- n-cp- p. _mhm- - n-`m-ksø hnim-cnbpw {SÃn-amcpw BWv ] n- `-cww \n -ln- p-h- -Xv. Cu ] m-ø-e-øn-emwv skan-\m-cn-bn Xma-kn- p-sim- n-cp HutK am Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo- Øm-sb ] n-bn-te v sim p-h-cp- -Xn\v sa{xm I n-bn s - h D m-ln- -Xv. Xncp-ta\n ] n-bn FØp- -Xp-sIm- p {]tbm- P-\hpw hnh-cn- -s - -s{x. ] n-bn-te v t]mip- -Xn\p apºv ImtXmen m I n-bnse c p sshzn-icpw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS km n- y-ønte v B\-bn- -s - p. hey- -\mb Be- m v aømbn IØ-\mcpw Fcp-a-s n txmakv IØ-\mcpw. ] n-bn-te v t]mti- -Xpt m F A`n-{]mbw Be- m v A Adn-bn- m FØn-b-t m-tg pw Xncp-ta\n Nph- -Ip- mbw [cn p Xøm-dmbn \n n-cp- p. X n-anøw

38 75 76 A FXn-scm pw ]d-bmsx Xncp-ta-\nsb A\p-K-an- p. A v ]ndhw {]tz-iøp e`y-am-bn-cp amã tamt m-gvkv hi _ v skan-\m-cn-bn FØn. sagp-ip-xncn IØn- p-]n-sn kt kviqƒ Ip n-iƒ ] n-bn-te- p tdmuns Ccp-h-i-ß-fnepw AWn- \n-c- p. ] n-h-sc-bp A p ^ temwkv- Zqcw _ n k -cn p; efn-x-sa- nepw BtLmj ka-\zn-x-amb kzoi-c-ww. ] n-bn D mbn-cp adp-i- n-bnse CS-h-I -hn-imcn Dƒs -ss-bp sshzn-i Xncp-ta\n ] n-bn Ibdn epøn-\n-bm -{]m -\, k ym -\-akvimcw F nh \S-Øn-b-t mƒ AXnepw kl-i-cn- p. IΩn- n-bn `qcn-]- -ap- _mhm-i- n- m ]ndhsø Nne ]ucap-jy-cpss t\xr-xz-øn \S kzoi-c-w-øn ]s -Sp- p-itbm X k-abw {]Xn-tj-[-i_vZw Db Øp-Itbm snbvxn-cp- n-. F nepw Xncp-ta\n ] n-bn FØnb hnh-c-sø- n Ah ]ckv]cw cl-ky-ambn N - sn-øp-ibpw IqSp-X Bfp-Isf XßfpsS Btem-N-\-bn ]s -Sp- n- p-ibpw snbvxp-sim- n-cp- p. _mhm- n -ssh-zn-i Xncp-ta\n hn{i-an- p- -Xp-h-scbpw ] nbn D m-bn-cp- p. cm{xn-bn Ah Ahn-sS-\n p t]mi-cp-sx p kzoicww \evin-b-h ]d p F nepw Ah ÿew- hn-sp-i-bm- Wp- m-b-xv. sa{xm `m-ksø hey- \pw ho n t]m-bn. sim - -\mb Fcp-a-s - n txmakv IØ-\mcpw GXm\pw siωm-»- mcpw kzoi-cww \evinb Iq -Ønse Nne sndp- - mcpw ] nbn Ø-s -D- m-bn-cp- p. {]im- -amb cm{xn. aqhm- p-]pg Bdns hncn-am-dn \n p s]mßnb Cfw-sX- ] n- p-c-bn-s-ønse sxßn txm- ns\ XgpIn IS- p-h- -Xp- am-{xta B im -Xbv v Fs - nepw `wkw hcp-øn-bn-cp- p- p. I m-\p-`h BgvN-bm-bn-cp- -Xn-\m H -[niw ` -P-\-ßfpw hcm- -bnepw ] n-b-iøpw a pw [ym\-\n-c-x-cmbpw Dd-ßnbpw Ign- p-iq-sn-bn-cp- p. ""Hmim-\sb'' A\p-kva-cn- n- p Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ] n-{]-th-i\w H pw C -s -Sm-Ø-h-cpsS A\p-`m-hn-Iƒ cm{xn-bn Ah p `qcn-]- -ap ]mgq, I msp Ic-I-fn Ibdn Cdßn ] n-bn ""I Ibdn'' F pw a pw ]d v Nne ap m-f- msc ] n-bn-te v BI jn p. `n -X-sbt\y I -\msv `{Zm-k\w `cn- n-cp- -Im-e-Øv, A\p-kc-W-t -Sn\p sa{xm-t m-eoøm aps- nb Hcp bph-ssh-zn-i XpS v doøn tn p F nepw Xs sshcmkyw Xo m-\mbn _mhm- I n- m-cpss KpV-{i-a-߃ v kie ]n p-wbpw \evin-s m- ncp phs{x. kwl-sn- n- -s - -h Su jm p-s-a-bmb ] n-{]-am- Wn-bpsS D]-tZ-i-hpw- tx-sn. ]q n- -gn- n-cp I p-jm- n \n p I p-sim- p-h v jm p-s-a-bpss ho n h v ap m-f- m p \evi-s - p. doøn tn sshzn-i Xe-bn Hcp si pw-si n ap m-f- msc ] n- -Sn-hsc A\p-bm-{X -snbvxp F pw ]d-b-s -Sp- p. Xncp-ta-\nsb ""IpSn-bn-d- m '' h kwl-øn s Nne ]mgqsc Hcp ho n \n p sh n-sb-spø HSn-bm-ØXpw th {X hnf-bm-ø-xp-amb Im nh-sn-ifpw Icp-Xn-bn-cp- p. A -cm-{xn-bn kwlw ] n-bn FØp-tºmƒ AhnsS Bcpw DW n-cp- n-. ] n-bn `P-\- m-cpss at y -h- n-cp s]t{smamivkv hnf v X n-ø-i -s - p. sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bpss apdn v ap hiw Dd-ßn- n-s sim - \pw siωm-»- mcpw DW Ø-s - p. Xncp-ta\n InS- p-d-ßnb apdn _e-ambn X n Xpd- n- -s - p. \n{zbn-em- n-cp Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS txmfn ]nsn v Btcm Ipep- n. At±lw sr n DW p. Xncp-ta-\n v ] n-ap-dn-bn FØm-\p Ah-Im-ihpw a pw tnmzyw snø-s - p. DS ÿew hn n-s - n kwkxn hj-fm-ip-sa pw a pw Ah ]d p `oj-wn-s -Sp-Øn. H pw FXn p IqSmsX Xncp-ta\n apdn hnsm Xøm-dm-bn. sncp- p- t]mepw FSp- msx ]pd-øn-d-ßn. kwl-øns `oj-wnbpw \nl p I n- n- mø hm p-i-fpss h jhpw XpS -t mƒ Xncp-ta\n ] n-bpss sxt -ap- -tø-bv n-dßn Ing-t m p kmh-[m-\-øn \S p\oßn. ]cn-nn-xsc Xncn dnbm Ign-bpw-hn[w \nem-hp- v. kwl-øn Hcphn-`mKw Xncp-ta-\nsb A\p-K-an p. a p Nne sim - s\ ]nsniqsn H p- sim-sp-øp. IqSp-X ASn-In- p-sa- p-d- mb Fcp-a-s - n-e- HmSn c -s - p. ÿe-]-cn-n-b-an- mø siωm-»- m ASn-sIm v e y-an- msx HmSn. ] n-bpss Ing- p-hiw \S-bn-d-ßth sxm p-]n-ºn-ep- m-bn-cp- hsc Xncp-ta-\n- -dn-bm-am-bn-cp- p. \S-bn-d-ßp-tºmƒ Hcmƒ Xncp-ta- \nsb H m- Sn p. ]pd-øp-xs Im n-hsn {]tbm-kn- -s - p. hnimc-hn-h-i-\mbn Xncn- p-t\m- p-tºmƒ ]nºn-ep- m-bn-cp Bfns\ Xncp-ta-\n v a\- n-em-bn. A mcyw ]n osv Xncp-ta\n shfn-s -Sp- Øn-bn- p-ap- v. A -cm-{xn-bn \S {Iqc-amb Cu kw`-h-sø- n A v Xncp-ta\n hn{i-an- n-cp apdn-bpss hmxn-ev InS- p-dßnb D n- n- n tpm Cßs\ ]d p: ""Rm Fs Pq_bpw txm Øpw as n Xe-bn-W-bm n Xncp-ta\n InS- n-cp Xpd apdnbpss hmxn-ev -emwp InS- Xv. ""a sf \n߃ s]mbvs m- phn, Rm \msf cmhnse as-ßn-s m mw'' F p Xncp-ta\n ]d-

39 77 78 p. F nepw Rß-fn Nne t]mbn-. A cm{xn-bm-b-t mƒ Hcp kwlw ap m-f- m H -ap- p-spøv Ac-bn txm Øpw-sI n Xncpta\n InS- n-cp apdnsb e y-am n i_vz-ap- m n IS- p-h- p. Rm sr n-bp-w p Xncp-ta\n InS apdn-bn Ibdn c p km mbp IX-I-S-bv m {ian- Xpw ]pd-øp-\n- p i -amb X -em Rm Xmsg adn- p-ho-wxpw H n- m-bn-cp- p. Rm\pw H -ap- p-am{xw DSp-Øn-cp- -Xn-\m Hcp ]t Fs bpw Ah-cp-sS -Iq- -Øn s Bsf- p- I-cpXn a ±n- n-. F nepw Rm `b v F p snø-w-sa- -dn-bmsx \n p-t]m-bn. CXn-\n-S-bn Btcm ] nbn Ibdn awn ASn- p. awn-b-sn -ti p ]ecpw ] n-bn FØptºmƒ Xncp-ta-\nsb A{I-an-Iƒ ] n-bn \n p _e-ambn ]nsn- nd n skan-\m-cn-bn-te v B\-bn- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. Ah ]e hm p- Iƒ A -l-kn- p- Xp tiƒ m-am-bn-cp- p.'' awn-b-sn -ti v HmSn-sb-Ønb ap ]- n-{sãn a n-sn h n DXp- ns (Ip- - -s ) a -fmb Fw. bp. h n, Fw.- bp. G{_-lmw, Fw. bp. ]ueqkv F n-h-cn Ct mƒ ]nd-hsø Hcp {]apj ÿm]- \-amb sk vta-cokv _mt -gvkns DS-a-ÿ-\mb Fw. bp. h n Cßs\ ]d p: ""awn-bsn i_vzw ti p R߃ ] n-bn-te v HmSn. Ipd- p-zqcw sn -t mƒ sh tfml- am{xw [cn Xncp-ta- \nsb \mev]-txmfw N -ºn-Iƒ tn v sncp- p- t]mepw CSm A\ph-Zn- msx Ak-`y-ßfpw hnfn- p-]-d p \S-Øn-s m ph-cp- Xv I p. R߃ t]sn- p-t]m-bn. Ah-cpsS IÆn s]smsx R߃ tdmuns Hcp- h-i-tø v HXpßn \nev p-ibpw Xncp-ta-\nsb \S- Øn-s m- p- t]m-ip- -Xns ]ntº A{I-an-I-fpsS t\m w FØmØ Zqc-Øn \n v skan-\m-cn hsc A\p-K-an- p-ibpw snbvxp.'' A{Ian-kwLw skan-\m-cn-bn-te- p bm{xm-at y ap {SÃn-bm-bn-cp a n-sn h n DXp- ns tdmup-ssk-un-ep hosns t\ v tdmun InS- n-cp sa hmcn Fdn p. Cu Imcy-߃ hnh-cn- -t mƒ h n DXp v Ic- p-t]m-bn. Xs ImWp-tºm-sg mw ""{]m n-t mww'' F p Xncp-ta\n ]d-bp-am-bn-cp p F pw h n DXp v A\p-kva-cn- p. Xncp-ta\n skan-\m-cn-bn FØn-b-t m-tg pw A{I-an-kwLw ]ncn- p. Xncp-ta-\nsb a ±n kw`-h-sø- n 100 hb- p Be- m v aømbn A Cu tej-i-t\msv 1976 sabv 7 mw XobXn sh nbmgvn kz`-h-\-øn h p ]d- -Xn-{]-Im-c-am-Wv. ""Xncp-ta\n ] nbn-te p t]mip- -Im-cy-Øn F\n p a\- n Xr]vXn-bn- m-bn-cp- p. th m F p ]d-b-w-sa- p -hn-nm-cn p skan-\m-cn-bn sn t mƒ Xncp-ta\n Nph Ip m-bhpw [cn v ] n-bn-te- p- t]m-im Hcp-ßn- \n-ev p- -Xm-bn- mwp I -Xv. At mƒ FXn-cp-]-d-bmsX Rm\pw kl-i-cn- p. AhnsS At mƒ Ccp-\q-tdmfw t]cp- m-bn-cp p F mwv Hm Ω. cm{xn F p-a-wn-tbm-sp-iqsn R߃ ] n-bn FØn. {]m \ I-gn p Xncp-ta-\nsb Xncn v skan-\m-cn-bn-em- - W-sa- m-bn-cp p Rm Dt±-in- -Xv. Rm \n _- n- -t mƒ Xncpta\n AXn\p kω-xn- p-ibpw snbvxp. ]t Hcp tamt m hml\w sim p-h-cm sn -t mƒ AXn\p ss{uh C m-bn-cp- p. amã _ v k o-kv \-S-Øp Ipcym-t mknt\msv _ p sim p-h-cphm Rm ]d- p. F m _kv F{X {ian- n pw Ãm m-ip- ns v Ipcym-t mkv ]d- p. At m-tg pw kabw hfsc sshint m-bn-cp- p. Fs Ip mbw hnb Øp \\- -Xp-sIm pw F\n p hfsc oww txm n-bxp sim pw Ipfn p hkv{xw amdn ] nbn Xncn-s -Ø-W-sa B{K-l-tØmsS Rm ho n-te- p-t]m-bn. AXn\p apºp-xs Ahn-sS- \n- -h-tcmsp ""a -sf, \n߃ t]miphn, Rm shfp- ns\ \a-kvimcw Ign- p-s]mbvs m mw'' F p Xncp-ta\n ]d- n-cp- p. Rm ho n sn -t mƒ Hcp sshzn-i hncp- p-im-c-\m-bn- p- m-bn-cp- p. Ipfnbpw I n -Ip-Snbpw Ign p sxdp-øp-h- n-cp InS \nh msx AXn Nmcn- n-s p kwkm-cn- th Rm Ddßn-t mbn. shfp- n\v A p- a-wn v Btcm- h v Fs hnfn- p- W Øn "] n-bnse kw`-h-sam pw Adn- nt ' F p tnmzn- p. a ±-\-hn-hcw ]d p. kw{`m- -\mb Rm t\sc skan-\m-cn-bn sn v Xncp-ta-\nsb I -t mƒ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS IÆn \n p IÆp- \o hogp- p- m-bn-cp- p. Rm Imen Ipºn p Xncp-ta-\nsb \akvi-cn p. DS Xs Rß-fpsS Iq -Øn-ep- m-bn-cp CØm- p - ssh-zys\ hcpøn Xncp-ta-\n p th NnIn- -\ In.'' Cu Imcy߃ FgpXn tcj-bm n hbvt - -Xpt m F tnmzy-tøm-ssbmwv A kw`hw aßmø Hm Ω-bn \n p hnh-cn- -Xv. Rm ssiapøn bm{x- ]-d-bp-tºmƒ ""A[nIw InS- msx Aßp IS- - W-sa {]m -\tb F\n- p p'' F p {]Xym-im-\n `-c-amb PohnXw \bn- p DØ-a-\mb B hey- Ft msp ]d- p. skan-\m-cn-bn FØn-b-tijw Xncp-ta-\n p Ipgºpw FÆbpw XncpΩpw F mw e`n p F nepw Ak-l-\o-b-amb thz\ GXm\pw Znhkw A\p-`-hn-t n h p. Im n-h-sn-bpss \of-øn-ep c p ]msp-ifpw CSn- -sx p Icp-X-s -Sp Hcp ]mspw kzm Ip mbw

40 79 80 BOm-Z-\w-sN-bvXn-cp B tima-f-i-co-c-øn GXm\pw BgvN-Iƒ ambmsx InS- n-cp- p. t\cw- sh-fpøp ZpxJ-sh- n-bmgvn ip{iq-jbn kw_- n- m h- -h Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS thz-\-bnepw ] p-sim- p. sa{xm- s\ ] nbn \n p ]d- -b-bv p- -Xn IqSp-X-embn-s m pw AXn\p {ian- -h B{K-ln- n-cp- n-s pw Hc-`n-{]m-b-K- Xn-bp- v. F m Ah Ign- n-cp azyhpw [cn- n-cp hsn-ifpw B A`n-{]m-b-KXn ASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-X-sa- mwv hnfn- -dn-bn- p- -Xv. Xncp-ta\n ZpxJ-sh- n-bm-gvnsø Zo L-amb ip{iq-j-iƒ thz\ kln p \S-Øn. CS-bv p -snbvx {]kw-k-øn Ign cm{xnbnse kw`-h-sø- n Hc- cw t]mepw ]d- p-an-. GXm\pw Znh-k-߃ Iw 31 t]sc {]Xn- tn Øv tim bw tims- Xnbn ^b snbvx ti n tim bw t]meokv kq{] v CS-s]- Sp-Ibpw {]Xn-Iƒ Pmay-Øn-en-d-ßp-Ibpw snbvxp. CØcw Hcp tikv \S-Øp- -Xp-sIm v k`-bv p-xs t\cn-sm-hp owsø ap \n Øn-bm-bn-cn- Ww B tikv aµo-`-hn- n- p-itbm ]n h-en- -s -Sp-Itbm snbvxp F mwv ]n osp a\- n-em- m Ign- - Xv. sszh-øns A`n-jn- -\mb sa{xm-t m-eo-ømsb a ±n- p- - Xn\pw A[n-t -]n- p- -Xn\pw Iq p\n -h s mw X -Xmb in api-fn \n p e`n p F -XmWv Cu kw`-h-ønse Nn m l-amb Hcp hkvxp-x. Im n-hsn sh n-sb-spø ]mgq-cp ho nse GI-]p- {X ap -Øp-\n p Xmtgbv p hogp-ibpw hsn apdn-s -SpØ Ip n hb- n sim p- mb apdn-hns\ XpS v B ]ø A p-xs Bip-]-{Xn-bn h p acn- p-i-bpw -snbvxp F Xv Hcp kxy-am-wv. hsn {]tbm-kn Bfns a Ω `mk-øp- mb ]gp v h j-߃ ptijw kip-spw_w Xncp-ta-\nsb I v am n-c- -ti-j-amwv Icn- sx pw Adn-bp- p. doøn tn sshzn-i\pw jm p-im-c {]am- Wn pw AwK-ssh-Ieyw kw`-hn k -Xn-Iƒ D m-bn. hnf p sxfn- -h pw Bfp-Isf hnfn- p-iq n-b-h pw F mw ]e-hn-[-øn A ln- p in e`n- -Xmbpw Adn-bmw. ]n osv Xncp-ta\n ]ndhw ] n-bn FØn-bn- p- -t m-sg mw Nne Xncp-ta-\nsb I v XßfpsS _ -s - -h snbvx ZpjvIr-Xy-Øn\v am p -tnm-zn- pi ]Xnhm-bn-cp- p. Xs a ±n- -Xn X\n v ]cn-`hw Cs pw Ah Btem-Nn- msx snbvx-xm-sw pw Xm AsX mw an- p-i-gn- p-sh pw ]ndhw ] n-bn h v Xs sa{xm-t m-eoøm Hcn- ]c-ky-ambn {]kvxm-hn- p. Cu kw`-h-sø- n Nne km`n-am\w Bep-hm-bnse am AØm-\m-tkymkv sa{xm- s\ t\cn v Adn-bn- t mƒ Ah-tcm-Sv, ""btlm-h-bpss A`n-jn- s\ ssih- -hcmcpw Fs apdn-bn \n -cp-xv, ]pdøp IS v'' F v At±lw ]d- -Xmbpw Adn-bm Ign- n- p- v. Cu kw`-h-sø- n ]n m-e-ß-fn Btcm-sS- nepw ]d-bp- - Xnt\m Btcm-sS- nepw ]I- h p]pe Øp -Xnt\m {InkvXob kpir-x-ß-fpss \nd-ip-s-am-bn-cp ].- Hu-tK _mhm D p-i-\m-bncp- n-. Cu kw`hw At±-lsØ k`-bv p-th- n-bp Hcp kl- Zm-bmbn am n F -XmWp Ncn-{X-kXyw. ]ndhw kw`-hsø XpS v ImtXm-en- m- hn-`m-k- m h jw-txmdpw skan-\m-cn-bn \n p ] nbn-te v I m-\p-`h BgvN-bn Hcp au\-pmy \S-ØpI ]Xn-hm-bncp- p. At ymiym ]m{xn-b o-kv -_mhm ae- -c-bn FØn ImtXm-en- msb Ah-tcm-[n- p-ibpw XpS v c p _mhm-amcpw H n p ]ndhw ] n-bn FØn ] n-bpss ]S-hp-Iƒ ssitim Øp- ]n-sn p Ib-dp-Ibpw snbv-x-xns\ XpS mwv Cu au\-pmy ths - p-h- -Xv. ]ndhw kw`-h-sø- n ZpxJn {]apj hy n-i-fn Hcm-fmb a n-sn-bn DXp- p -h n HutK _mhm-bpss kvac-wsb \ne- \n Øp- -Xn-\p-th n, Xncp-ta-\nsb \S-Øn-s m- p-t]mb hgn-bpss a y-`m-køp Im e w cq]m sne-hm n ]pxp- n- -WnX at\ml-c-amb Ipcn-ipw-sXm n ]. HutK _mhm 1970 Unkw-_ 24 -\p IqZm-i- sn-bvxp. _mhm-bpss A\p-hm-Z-tØm-Sp-IqSn Ipcn-ipw-sXm- nbn Cßs\ Fgp-Xn-h- n-cn- p- Xp ImWmw. In Memory Of H. G. Augen Mar Themothios (H. H. Moran Mar Baselius Augen I) Reconstructed by Uthup Varkey, Mankidyil (St. Mary's Bankers, Piravom) ASn-bpsS I\-I-Pq-_nen ]ndhw a ±-\-th-f-bn HutK am Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm-t meo-øm-tbm-sp-iqss D m-bn-cp Uo hn. -sp. tpmk^v (C v sshzn-i ) hs-t»-cn-b-øv, hb-e-øe \ Ip ZrIvkm- n -hn-h-c- W-amWp (a-e- ck`mzo]w, 1998 P\p-hcn 1 15 e w) NphsS tn p-

41 Xv: ""Fs kvac-w-bn F pw \ne-\n p Hcp h j-amwv ]m{xn-b okv `mkøp\n p h HutK am Xntam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n aqhm- p-]p-g-bn Ct m-gp Ac-a-\-bpsS ÿeøv Hcp sndnb si n-s-øn-em-bn-cp p Xma-kn- n-cp- Xv. Xncp-ta\n Hm ØtUmIvkv hn`m-k-øn-te v Xncn- p-h-cp-tºmƒ I -\msv `{Zm-k-\- Øn \n p [mcmfw ] n-ifpw P\-ßfpw Xncp-ta-\n-tbm-sSm w tn n-cp- p. B Iq -Øn {][m-\-s H m-bn-cp p ]ndhw henb-]- n. Xncp-ta-\n v Ah-Im-i-s Hcp ÿm]\w ]nd-h-øp- m-bn-cp p. AXmWv ]ndhw skan-\m-cnbpw AXn-t\mSv tn p- m-bn-cp anun kviqfpw. ]m{xn-b okv hn`m-k-øn \n v Xt m-ssm w t]mcp ]ndhw ] n- m-tcmspw P\-ß-tfmSpw D Xm ]cyw ]cn- K-Wn v Xncp-ta\n kviqƒ ] n- m v Fgp-Xn-s m-sp-øp. ]t A[nIw Xma-kn-bmsX Xncp-ta-\n-tbm-Sp-IqSn h ]e ] n- mcpw P\-ßfpw Xncn- p-t]m-bn. Cu Iq -Øn ]ndhwimcpw t]mbn. ]ndhw skan-\m-cn-tbm-s-\p-_- n- p kviqfpw Aßs\ \ -s - p. B ÿm]\w adp-i- n- m ssih-i-s -SpØn. AhnsS Ibdn Xma-kn- m Ah-cpsS A sø sa{xm- - m {ian- p- -Xmbn ti v HutK Xncp-ta\n aqhm- p-]p-g-bn \n v ]nd-h-tø v Xmakw am nbn-cn- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. IqsS D m-bn-cp ] n-ifpw P\-ßfpw Xncn- p-t]mb kml-ncy-øn `{Zm-k-\-Øn \n v H pw-xs hcp-am-\-ap- m-bn-cp- n-. ti{µ-øn \n v ]d-b-ø klmbw H pw A m-eøv Xncp-ta- \n v e`n- n-cp- n-. ^m. hn. -sp. tpmk^v R߃ sn p kabw t\mºp- Im-eam-bn-cp- -Xn-\m cmhnse F m-h pw D]hm-k-am-bn-cp- p. D bv v I nbpw N - p-cphpw apcn-ß- mbpw tn Øp Hcp sagp- p-]p-c- nbpw amßmbpw txßmbpw tn Ø-c Hcp NΩ- nbpw Bbn-cp- p ÿncw Blm-cw. Xncp-ta\n aq p- a-wnt Blmcw Ign- n-cp- p- p.- R-ß-fpsS ` Ww am{x-amwv Xncp-ta-\nbpw Ign- p- I. \mep- a-wn-s mcp I Im- n. sshin v k ym -\-a-kvimcw Ign v tnmdv. At mƒ apcn-ß- mbpw N - p-cphpw tn Øp sagp- p-]p-c- n. txßm-bpw, amßmbpw NΩ- n, amßm NX- n v D pw apfipw sh hpw tn Ø amßm tamcv. Xncp-ta-\n pw AXp-X-s. shfp- n\v A p- a-wn- v, cm{xn- -{]-`m-x- \-a-kvim-c-߃. F p-awn apx Xncp-ta\n Fs - nepw Fgp-Xp-Itbm `mjm- cw snøp-itbm snøpam-bn-cp- p. B -S- -ap s] okm {]pan-tbm, sszh-am-xm-hn-t\m- Sp... `mjm- cw A m-eøv \S- p-sim- n-cp- p. D -\-a-kvimcw Ign v Xncp-ta\n A ]w hn{i-an- pw. AXn-\p-tijw ho pw Rßsf hnfn- pw. F m-dm, -lm-im \a-kvimcw XpS-ßnbh ]Tn- n- pw. aq p- awn Ign- m Xncp-ta\n lmim BgvN -\-a-kvimcw ae-bm-f-øn-te v `mjm- cw snbvxp KoX-am- pw. s]k-lmbv v Imep-I-gp-I -ip-{iqj apgp-h Xncp-ta\n `mjm- cw snbvxp KoXam n Rßsf ]cn-io-en- n- p. ]m n\v F\n- w Xm ]-cyhpw Ignhpw a p- -hsc At]- n- p- m-bn-cp- -Xn-\m skan-\m-cn-bnse k tu-kviq-fnse apxn Ip n-i-sf- qsn Imep- I-gp-I ip{iqj-bpss Km\-߃ ]Tn- n- m Xncp-ta\n Fs Npa-X-e-s -Sp-Øn. HutK am Xntam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS {hx-\n-jvt-amb {]m -\m -Po-hnXw a m-cnepw ImWm Ign- n- n-. shfp- n\v A p-a-wn v cm{xn, {]`mxw apx-emb {]m -\-Iƒ \S-Øpw. F mdm A\p-k-cn- p cmk-ønse AXp \S-Øp-I-bp- p. Hº-Xpa-Wnbv v GXp tpmen- n-s-bn-em-bmepw Xncp-ta\n ASpØp h n- p clky kpdn-bm\n {]m \m ]pkvxiw FSpØv Nqc-ep-sI- nb Nmcp-I-tk-c-bn Imep-aS- n-bn-cp p {]m n- pw. ]{ v awn v D -\-a-kvimcw s]mxp-hmbn \S-Øpw. AXv ] n-bn-em-wv. aq p- a- Wn v cl-ky-{]m \ ap ]-d {]Im-cw. A -c -a-wn v Ccp- ]-Øn-c- -c, k y, kqømdm apx-emb \a-kvim-cw. Hº-Xp- a- Wnbv v siωm-»- msc hnfn- n-cpøn thz-]p-kvxiw amdn-amdn hmbn- n- pw. AXn-s\- p-dn v kmc-k `-amb hni-zo-i-c-ww. XpS v ib- \ -\-a-kvim-cw. cm{xn Hcp- a-wn- ap-x c p aq p- a-wn- hsc I nen Fgp-t - n-cp v [ym\w. Cßs\ {]m n- p a p ]nxm- - msc Bscbpw Rm I n- n-. km[m-cw D]-tbm-K-Øn\v tim sim p Hcp Nph- -Ip- mbw, Hcp ]pdw-ip mbw. hn. Ip m- \bv v hb- Øv sh n-bn Hcp km n Nph Ip m-bw. Hcp \ ]pd- p- m-bw. km[m-cw ]cp- sh - -Ωokpw Im p- m-bhpw. AXp aqt m \mtem tpmun am{xw. Ik-hp -]Wn snbvx, Ip m-\bv p]tbm-kn- p c p akv-\-]vkm-iƒ, Hcp sh sh p

42 83 84 Im, Hcp km[m-cw Im, sh n- hsn, kz Æw -]q-inb Hcp o_m, kz Æw ]qinb Hcp ame, sh n-sim v km[m-cw D]-tbm-K-Øn- \p- Hcp ame C{X -am-{x-am-bn-cp p Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS B `m-stam B `m-s-cm-ln-xy-tam. F m-bmepw lmim BgvN Nph Ip mbw [cn- m-dn-. ImtXm-en- m-bmbn At±-lsØ hmgn- p- -Xn-\mbn bmt m_v XrXo-b ]m{xn-b okv hcp Znh-kw. FtXym-]y B_p\m am sxtbm-^n-temkv apx-em-b-h FØn- -gn- p. HutK Xncpta\n Hcp ]gb Nph Ip m-bhpw C v tzh-tem-isø ]g-b-ap-dnbn Ccn- p p. Zm\n-tb am ]oe-ivkn-t\mkv ]e- {]m-hiyw sn v Ip mbw H p-am n \ Xv [cn- m ]d- p. ]t Xncp-ta\n Iq m- n-bn-. Cu ka-bøv Rm\-hnsS D m-bn-cp p. ]oe-ivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta\n Fs hnfn v cl-ky-øn Ip mbw H p am n- m-\p am w Bcm- p. Rm apdn-bn-te v sn v siωm-is\ hnfn v \ Ip m-b-sams FSp- n- p. \s mcp ak-v\]vkm FSpØv ASpØp sim p-t]mbn AXv ssibn simsp-øn v amdm At]- n- p. AXp amdn. ASp-Ø-Xmbn Nph Ip mbw FSp-Øp-sIm- p-sn- p. Ft m- S w tzjy-s v ""Xm Fs aw-hm-f Na-bn- n- m h -XmtWm-sSm. Rm Hcp Zb-dm- m-c-\m-tw, B `msw H pw th. F\n- m-hiyw I Øm-hns Icp-W-bm-sW p'' ]d- p. Rm Ip mbw B ]mh\-amb Ic-ß-fn-te n- n v ""C p Xncp-ta\n Zb-dm- m-c-\mb ae- -c-k-`-bpss aw-hm-f-\m-wv. aw-hm- n- p-th n Hs m-cp-ß-wsa v'' Nncn- p-sim v ]d- p. Xncp-ta\n Fgp-t v Ip mbw C p. Rm Xs CS-s pw si n- p. At±-l-Øns Pohn-X-Øn-te v \ΩpsS Bg-amb Nn sb Xncn- p-hn-sm Hcp kw`hw ]d- -Xm- Wv. C sø k`-bnse sshzn-i pw {][m-\m-nm-cy- m pw CXp a\- n-em-iptam Ft m? Rm {]k- - `m-k-øn-te v Xncn- p-t]m-i-bm-wv. s]k-lm-bpss Znhkw D -bv p-tijw Imep-I-gp-I ip{iq-j-bp- m-bn-cp- p. G hpw ` n-\n `-c-ambpw BI j-i-ambpw R߃ F mw tn v ip{iq-j-bn Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSp kl-i-cn p ip{iq-j- \-S-Øn. henb Hcp P\- q w AXn kw_- n- p. ip{iqjm at y hfsc i - ambpw Bg-ambpw Bth-i-`-cn-X-\mbpw ae- -c-k-`-bpss kzmx-{ ysø- p-dn pw Bh-iy-I-X-sb- p-dn pw Xncp-ta\n {]kw-kn- p. ]Xnhp-t]mse k ym-\-a-kvimcw Ign v R߃ Ipfn- m-\m-bn-t mbn. Be- m v aømbn A s ai F. Fw. txmakv siωm-»- \m-bn-cp p ]ndhw anun kviqƒ sluvam-ã. siωm-» HutK Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS IqsS Bbn-cp- p. ÃpU kv aqhvsa v sk{i- -dnbmbn ]. Koh okv ZznXob _mhm At±-lsØ \nb-an- n-cp- -Xn- \m c p h j-tø v kviqfn \n v Ah[n FSpØv ÃpU kv aqhv-sa n {]h Ø\w \S-Øn-s m- n-cp- p. Ah[n Ign v Xncn p h -t mƒ ] n- -Ωn n At±-lsØ kviqƒ tpmen- -\p-h- Zn- msx Hcp sluv amãsd thsd \nb-an p Ign- n-cp- p. F. Fw.- txm-akv siωm-i\v At±-l-Øns tpmen Xncn- p-sim-sp- -Wsa v bph-p-\-ßfpw ImtXm-en m ] - mcpw Bh-iy-s - p. F m `c-w-k-anxn AXn\p Xøm-dm-bn-. s]klm hymgmgvn D bv p tijw ] n- -Ωn n IqSn Cu hnjbw N snbvxp. kwl jm-hÿ D m-im km[y-x-bp-s - -dn- p. R߃ {]Xo- n- n-cp- -Xp-Xs kw`-hn p. IΩn n siωm-is\ Xncn-s -Sp-Øn-. sf v km-dns\ ÿnc-s -Sp-Øn. bp-h-p-\-߃ H -s - mbn Aß-s\- sb- n k ym- \-a-kvimcw ] n-bn \S-Øn- -bn F p ]d v hmxn-ep-i-fn Hs bpw t]mbn- n-s- p. ]nd-hsø {]ap-j-cmb a nsn DΩ, Imcn-Ø-S-Øn sndn-bm Ip v, Imcn-Ø-S-Øn tp _v XpSßn ]ecpw skan-\m-cn-bn h p Xncp-ta-\n-bp-ambn kwkm-cn- p- p- m-bn-cp- p. Ah Xncp-ta- \nsb ]ndhw ] n-bn sn v Xma-kn- m \n _- n- p-i-bm-bncp- p. Ah Xncp-ta-\n-sb-s m- p-t]m-ip-hm Xøm-dm-bn- mwv \n p- -Xv. A - m-cm-sc- nepw h v hnfn msx Atßm v hcn-ibn-s v Xncp-ta\n i -ambn ]d- p. At mƒ bph-p-\-߃, R߃ Aß-s\-sb- n C m-an-te v t]mipw F p ]d-bp- p- m-bn-cp- p. {]ap-j-cn Nne A - msc sn p- sim ph-cm-sa v ]d- p-t]m-bn. A[nIw Xma-kn- msx Be- m- - -t\bpw Fcp-a-s n txma-k- -s\bpw Iq n-s m- p-h- p. Ahcpw \n _- n p ]d- - X-\p-k-cn v Xncp-ta-\nbpw _lp-am-\-s A - mcpw Xcy siωmi\pw Hmen- Fw. Fw. amxyp siωm-i\pw Rm\pw IqSn amã Ipdn-bm-t m-kns hi _kv sim p-h- n-cp- -Xn- Ibdn ] nbn-te- v t]m-bn. ] n-bpss Ingt \S-bn _kp \n Øn R߃ Cd-ßp-tºmƒ apgp-h I S-hnepw Xncn-Iƒ IØn p sh n-cp- p. \ Hcp P\- q- -Øns ap{zm-hm-iy-߃ apg-ßp- -Xn-\n-S-bn IqSn ] n-bn-te v R߃ t]m-bn. R߃ ] n-bn Ibdn k ym -\- a-kvimcw ho pw \S-Øn. ] n-bpss sx p-h-i-øp si n-s-øns ]Sn- msd apdn-bn Xncp-ta\n {]th-in v hn{i-an- p. IqSn-h P\w F mw ]ncn- p-t]m-bn. Xncp-ta-\nbpw siωm-i\pw Fcp-a-s - n-bn-e-

43 85 86 \pw am{xw D v. IqSmsX t\mºn `P\ Ccn- m h Npcp w Nne Bfp-Iƒ D m-bn-cp- p. cm{xn ]Ø-c- a-wn-bv p-tijw R߃ Dd-ßm InS- p. cm{xn Hcp- a-wn-bm-bn- mwpw. Fs hb- Øv Hcp `mcw. Rm IÆp- Xp-d p t\m p-tºm-g-tø pw BPm-\p-_m-lp-hmb Hcp a\pjy Fs hb- n\p Nhn n adp-hiw IS- n-cp- p. At m-tg pw AXp-t]m-se-sbm-cmƒ Fs hb- Øv Nhn- p-i-bm-wv. Rm Hcp hitø v Xncn- -t mƒ AbmfpsS Im hgp-xn-t m-bn. Rm Fgpt -ev m {ian- p. ] p- n-. Hcp Xc-Øn Fgp-t - p. ]Øp ]Xn- \- p-t]. Iøn Ipdp-h-Sn, tsm v-sse v apx-em-bh D v. azy-øns K w ]cn-kcw apgp-h. hmbn \n v hogp Xv \mdp sxdn. "FSm aømbn IXIp Xpd v' F p ]d v IX-In CSn- p-ibpw sxmgn- p-i-bp-amwv. F p-sn-ø-w-sa- -dn-bmsx R߃ ]cn-{`m- cmbn Xo p. im \pw kuay-\pamb Xncp-ta\n IXIp Xpd- p. Xe-bn \n v Dd- -Øn t]mepw akv-\]vkm am m-dn- mø Xncp-ta\n ak-v\-]vkmbpss ]pd-tim- p `mkw Xe-bn-tem v as- n-bn- n- p- v. "a sf \n߃ n- -an-s - n \mw s]mbvs m mw' F p ]d v ]pdtø- n-d-ßn. hcm- -bn \n v ]pd-tø- n-d-ßn-b-t mƒ \n ±-b-\mb Hcp a\p-jy Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]pdøv Iøn-en-cn- p hsn-sim v B -Sn- p. AXp-sIm- -am-{x-bn Xncp-ta\n Xncn p\n p. Xs Xebv v ASn-tb m-xn-cn- m X -hæw c p ssibpw Db Øn- n-sn v ]pd-tim v \S- p. Ing- p-h-i-øp- I -S-hp- h-scbpw ]pdtim p \S- p. AhnsS sn p Xncn p \S- p. F\n- -t mgpw icnbmbn izmkw hnsm {]bm-k-ap mbn-cp- p. F nepw Rm\pw amxyp siωm-i\pw ]pdsi \S- p. ]Sn-I-fpsS ]Ip-Xn-tbmfw sn -t mƒ Hcp a\p-jy hs- p-h-iøv \n v HmSnh v Fs FSp-Øp-sIm v ih-t m- bv v Ing- p-h-i-øp CS-h-gn-bn IqSn \S- p. Bsct m Fs t m F\n v C pw \n -b-an, siωm-i\pw AhnsS FØn. amxyqkv siωm-i Xncp-ta-\n-tbm-sSm w \oßp-tºmƒ Btcm At±l-Øns ]pdøv Im n-hsn sim -Sn- p. At±lw ASn-sIm v HmSn hgn-b-cn-in-ep C n- - n tpmwns ho n A`bw txsn. hgnbcnin Xma-kn- n-cp kv{xoi-fpss Iq - -c- n tiƒ m-am-bn-cp- p. \njvtq-c-cmb ]ou-i Xncp-ta-\nsb \SØn. A s - n-sb ÿew IS-Øn-hn-Sm-\m-bn-cp p πm F p ]d-b-s -Sp- p. ]t, skan-\mcn ]Sn- FØn-b-t mƒ At±-lsØ skan-\m-cn-bn Ib n hn n- p-t]mimw F p Xocp-am-\n- p. A{]-Imcw snbvxp. ""CSbs\ hn v BSp-Iƒ NnX-dn-t mbn'' F Xncp-h-N\w ZpxJ-sh- n-bmgvn-bpss B cm{xn-bn Xncp-ta-\n-bnepw \nd-th-dn. amã Ipdn-bm-t m-kns _kns ss{uh-dm-bn-cp ]utemkv, Ipdn-bm-t m-kns ho n h p. hnh-c-߃ Adn- ]utemkv DS Xs ] n-bn-te v t]mbn. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS hsn, o_m, Ip mb-߃ apx-em-b-hbpw RßfpsS kmam-\-ß-fpw F mw AhnsS\n v FSp-Øp-sIms Ø p. shfp- n\v A -c- a-wn-tbmss R߃ skan-\m-cn-bn Xncn-s -Øn. Rß-sf- p-dn v Xncp-ta\n hfsc hymipe-\m-bn-cp p. R߃ Xncn p h -Xn k p- -\mb Xncp-ta\n Fs bpw Xcy siωm-i-s\bpw apdn-bn-te v hnfn- n p Ib n ]pd-sø- msw p t\m m ]d- p. Ip mbw s]m n t\m p-tºmƒ Xncpta-\n-bpsS hesø txmƒ`mkw apx CSsØ Bdm-Ωm-en- hsc Icn-\o-en p InS- p- m-bn-cp- p. Xncp-ta\n I n- -X-\p-k-cn v ] - -Sp Ac v NX-hp `mkøv R߃ sim p-sn v C p. Xncpta-\n v \ - th-z\ a\- n-t\m-ssm w ico-c-øn-\p-ap- m-bn-cp- -Xn- \m ZpxJ-sh- n-bmgvn A -h-ømbn F m {]Im-tc-Wbpw Ign- p-iq- n. ip{iq-j-iƒ \S-Øm Xncp-ta-\n v Ign-hn- m-xn-cp- -Xn-\m _lp-am-\-s Be- m- - -\mwv skan-\m-cn-bn ip{iq-j-iƒ \S- Øn-b-Xv. \ΩpsS I Øm-hns I m-\p-`-h-tøm-s-\p-_- n v I Øm-hnt\m-sSm w hmnym -Øn Xs I -a-\p-`-hn alm-tbm-kn-bpw c -km- n-bp-am-bn-øo sszh-øns alm-]p-tcm-ln-x-\m-bn-cp p ]cn-ip- -\mb HutK {]Y-a ImtXm-en- m. Kpcp-ap-JØp \n p ti -X. Kpcp-h-\p-`-hn thz\ t\cn p IÆp-sIm- p- Im-Wp-Ibpw A\p-`-hn- p-ibpw snbvx-xmwv. Cu a ±\w \S- Xv s]klm Ign- p- cm{xn se ZpxJ-sh- n-bmgvn Aº-Xp- h jw ]q Ønbm-bn. \ap- p-th n I -a-\p-`-hn ]mzm-c-hn-µ-߃ \an p kvxpxnbpw kvtxm{xhpw A n- p- -txm-ssm w ]cn-ip ]nxmhmb Rß-fpsS Kpcp ]. -Hu-tK {]Y-a _mhm-bpss Xr m-z-ßfnepw R-ß-fpsS kvt\lhpw ` nbpw IrX- -Xbpw _lp-am- \hpw F mw A n- p p. ]nxmth! R߃ p-th n {]m n- - W-ta.

44 \mem-asø ImtXm-en m ImtXm-en m ÿm\m-tcm-lww aq m-asø ImtXm-en m _t -en-tbmkv Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b\p {]mbm-[niyw aqew imco-cn-i- oww h n- p-h- -Xn-s\-Øp-S v ae- c Atkm-kn-tb-j 1962 sabv 17 - \p \nc-w-øp-iqsn I - \msv `{Zm-k-\-Øns ko\n-b sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bmbncp HutK am Xntam-Øn-tbm-kns\ \nbp ImtXm-en- m-bmbn sfi-i- WvtTy\ sxc-s -Sp-Øp. A p am Xntam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\nsb A\p-tam-Zn- p-sim p ImtXm-en m _mhm snbvx {]kw-k-øn am HutK\p hn\bw IqSn-t mbn F p ]d- Xv {]kn- -amb Hcp {]kvxm-h-\-bm-bn-øo p. ae- -c-k-`-bnse ]c-kv]c kzoi-c-w-øn\pw kam-[m-\ -]p-\x-ÿm- ]-Øn-\pti-jhpw {InkvXo-b-ho- Ww th -{X-bn- m-xn-cp Hcp \yq\-] w k`m kam-[m-\sø kwi-b-zr ym ho n- p-ibpw ]m{xn-b okv -_mhm FSpØ \ne-]m-sns\ hna in- p-sim v At±l-Øn\v Fgp-Xp-Ibpw snbvxp-sim- n-cp- p. k`m-]m-c-ºcyw A\pk-cn- v ae- -c-bnse \mem-asø ImtXm-en- m-bpss ÿm\m-tcmlww ]m{xn-b okv _m-hm-bpss km n- y-øn \S-Øp- -Xn\v kp -l-tzmkv Xocp-am-\n- p-ibpw ]m{xn-b o-kv _mhm kp -ltzm-kns Ww kzoi-cn- p-ibpw snbvxxv ae- -c-k-`-bpss Ncn- {X-Ønse Hcp \n Æm-b-I-kw-`-h-am-Wv. ae- c k`m- k-am-[m\w kw_- n v ]m{xn-b o-kv -_mhm hln Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-amb ] ns\- n sjh-en-b kn.- sp. Ipcy 1964 HmKÃv 24 - mw XobXn aebmf at\m-c-a-bn Fgp-Xnb Hcp tej-\-øn C{]-Imcw ]d-bp- p: ""]. At ymjym ]m{xn-b o-kv -_mhm Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS BK-a- \-sø- n ]e Bi- Ifpw ]e pw D m-bn-cp- p-sh ]cam w ad- p-sh-bvt - -Xmb Bhiyw Ct m-gn-. F m Xncpta-\n v ae- c kµ i-\-sø- - n-tbm, AXns Dt±-iy-sØ- - ntbm teihpw ktµ-l-an- m-bn-cp- p-sh- Xv tim -bøv FØn-t DS snbvx {]kvxm-h-\-bn \n p hy -am-wv. ""c p Znh-k-Øn-\Iw \mw k`bv v Hcp ImtXm-en-t m-kns\ hmgn- p-hm Xocp-am-\n- n-cn- p- p'' F p Ak-µn-Kv -ambn {]kvxm-hn- p-hm At±-l-Øn\p bmsxmcp XS- hpw D m-bn-cp- n-. Xs ap Km-an-bp-sSbpw Kpcp-`q-X-s bpw `uxn-im-h-in- -߃ ÿnxn-snøp Hma- q tzhm-ebw kµ in- -tijw ]cn-]msn A\p-k-cn p tim -bøv Xncnsb FØp-Ibpw HutK _mhm Xncp-ta-\nsb Ing- ns ImtXm-en- mbmbn A`n-tjIw snøp-ibpw snbvxp. AXn-\p-tijw B ]cn-ip ]nxmhv snbvx {]kvxm-h\ ae- -c-k-`-bpss Ncn-{X-Øn Fs pw X -en-]n-i-fn FgpXn tn p-hm tbmky-am-wv. Ing- ns Imt\m-\nI ImtXm-en-t mkn-s\-bmwv k`-bv mbn hmgn- n-cn- p- Xv F v kwi-bm-xo-x-ambn {]Jym-]-\w- sn-bvxp-sim v At±lw k`-bnse Pohn- n-cn- p- -hcpw a a-d- -h-cp-amb kie sa{xm-t m-eo-ø- m-scbpw Iio-»- mscbpw siωm-»- m-scbpw k - hn-izm-kn-i-sfbpw Ah-c-h-cpsS ÿm\m-\p-k-cww kzoi-cn- n-cn- p- p-sh v ss]xr-i-hm- eyw Xpfp- ºp samgn-iƒ sim v {]kvxm-hn- -bmwv snbvx-xv. k -`n- - X-Ifpw Ah-km-\n- n v anin-lm-bpss k`sb ]cn-t]m-jn- n- v, AhfpsS Npa-X-e-Iƒ \nd-th- m HsØm-cp-a-tbmSp-IqSn {]b-xv\n- p-hm At±lw k`m-a- sf Blzm\w snøp-i-bpw AtXm-Sp-IqSn DZ-b-kqcys apºn aqs a v F -hæw kwh- -c-ß-fmbn k`sb BhcWw snbvxn-cp ]c-kv]c hntzz-jhpw sshcm-kyhpw k`m-a- -fpss lrz-b-øn \n v A m\w snøp-i-bpw, kmtlm-z-cy-øn-s bpw

45 89 90 kua-\-ky-øn-s bpw AZr-iy-amb _ Øm Ah At\ym\yw tim Øn-W- -s -Sp-Ibpw snbvxp-sh- Xv B hnin ip{iq-j-ifn kw_- n ]e pw A\p-`-h-s kwk-xn-bm-wv Bcw-`n- Xv Aßs\ ]q Øn-bm- -s -Sp-I-bm-Wp- m-b-xv.'' Aßs\ ]m{xo-b o-kv -_mhm 1964 sabv 22- mw XobXn tim bw am Genbm IØo-{U-en h v ae- -c-bn-sebpw At ym-iym-bnsebpw kp -l-tzm-kw-k-ß-fpss kl-i-c-w-tøm-sp-iqsn am HutK Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-ømsb ImtXm-en- m-bmbn Ah-tcm- [n- -t mƒ ae- -c-k-`-bnse F m-h pw kzoim-cy-\mb H m-asø ImtXm-en m F al-xz-ta-dnb ÿm\w HutK ImtXm-en- m - _mhmbv p e`n p. ]m{xn-b o-kv I- n-bn \n - Im-eØpw Xncp-ta\n ImtXmen m- I- n-bpss BZ i-ßsf am\n- p-ibpw FXn `m-ksø A`n- {]m-b-ß-tfmsp kl-x-]n- p-ibpw snbvxn-cp- p. Xncp-ta\n ImtXmen- m- ] Øp ]c-ky-ambn tn Xv A`n-{]m-b-ß-tfm-Sp tbmpn- p-sim p-am-{x-a-, k`-bn apgp-h B sfiyw ÿm]n- m B \S-]Sn klm-bn- -W-sa B{K-l-Øn-s bpw {]m -\-bp-ssbpw ^e-am-bn- p-iq-sn-bm-wv. hy n-]-c-amb t\ -ßfpw BZm-b-ßfpw Xm - ]-cy-ßfpw kwc- n- p- -Xn\v ]m{xn-b o-kv -I- n-bn XpS-cp-IbmWv \ -sx p Adn-bm-sX-b Xncp-ta\n ImtXm-en m ] Øv tn -Xv. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A`n-em-j-߃ kºq Æ-ambn ^e-{]m- ]vxn-bn FØn-bXv kz Æ-sh n-bmgvn \S ÿm\m-tcmlww aqe-am-wv. sszh-amwv Xncp-ta-\nsb Cu D -X-ÿm-\-tØ v sxc-s -Sp- ØXv. A{]-Xo- n-x-amb hn[-øn-emwv sxc-s -Sp p \S- -Xpw. Xncp-ta\n Cu ÿm\w H pw B{K-ln- -X-. k -i- s kpi- - I-c-ß-fn kzbw A n Xncp-ta-\n v ]{ p h j- mew `mc-ta-dnb Npa-X-e-Iƒ hln- p- -Xn-\p Bbp pw Btcm-Kyhpw sszhw \evin. {]Xn-_- -߃ XcWw snbvxp-sim v Xncp-ta\n ae- -c-k-`bv v kp[o-c-amb t\xr-xz-amwp {]Zm\w snbvx-xv. ImtXmen- msb Ah-tcm-[n- p-ibpw Aßs\ ae- -c-k-`-bpss sfiy-øns bpw ]ptcm-k-xn-bp-ssbpw ]pxnb A ym-b-øn-s bpw DZvLm-S\w \n -ln- p-ibpw snbvx ]m{xn-b o-kv -_mhm ÿm\m-tcm-l-w- -S-ßn-\p- tijw snbvx Ncn{X {][m-\-amb {]kw-k-øn k`-bn ]cn-]q Æ- k-am-[m\w D m-sb p {]Jym-]\w snbvxp-sim v Cßs\ XpS p: ""Fs {]nb, ap p-i-fpss CS-bnse iqim-\-]p-jv]w- t]m-se-bmsw v ]d- n- p- -Xp -t]mse k` temi-ønse ap p-i-fpss CSbn ÿnxn- sn-øp ]pjv]-am-wv. k`bv p hntcm-[-ambn Hmtcm - ImeØv \m\m- `m-k-ß-fn srcp- -ßfpw ]ou-ifpw D m-bn- p- v. k`m-a- -fpss a y-øn Øs CS-bv n-sbv v Ie-l-߃ Xes]m n-bn- p- v. ae- -c-k` ]e- hn-[-øn Ie-l-ß-fn Dƒs - ncp- p. AXp-sIm v C m-e- L- -Øn F\n v ChnsS htc- n-h- p. Ie-l-Ønepw hg- nepw \S- -Imew apgp-h-\mbn \mw hnkva-cn- p-i-f-b-ww. k`-bnse Cu hg v am p- -Xn\v hfsc XymK-߃ kln-t - n-h- n- p- v. X n- -anøw k` hfsc own- p-t]m-bn. Iel-ß-fn \n v hnap n t\sm ]ecpw Nn n p {]h Øn- n- p- v. Ah-cn Hcm-fmWp a -\n- -c-bn I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn- p am Genbmkv XrXo-b _mhm Xncp-ta-\n. At±lw ChnsS h Xv hg- p- Iƒ Xo m-\m-bn-cp- p. F m _mhm-xn-cp-ta-\n v AXn-\-h-kcw e`n- n-. AYhm sszhw AXn-\-t±-lsØ A\p-h-Zn- n-. BI-bm k`bv v kam-[m\w \evti Bhiyw D mbn. Rm ]m{xnb o-km-b-tijw C m-cy-sø- n KmV-ambn Nn n- p-ibpw knwlm-k-\m-cq-v-\mbn Hcp h jw XnI-bp- -Xn-\p-apºv \n߃ dn-hp- -Xp-t]mse kam-[m\ Iev]\ Ab-bv p-ibpw snbvxp. CXpaq-ew, Imew -snbvx ]cn-ip ImtXm-en- m-_m-hmsb Rm kzoicn- p-i-bp-ap- m-bn. Aßs\ Cu k`-bpss kam-[m-\-øn\v ASn-ÿm-\-an-Sm km[n p. Ct mƒ B kam-[m\w ]q Æ-am-t Npa-X-e- IqSnbp v. AXp-sIm- mwv hfsc Zqsc-\n p h p Rm \nßfpss a y-øn Ct mƒ \nev p- -Xv. Cu kam-[m\w ]cn-]q Æam-bn-cn- p- -Xp-sIm v \ΩpsS kt mjw kºq Æ-am-bn-cn- p p (I-c-tLm-jw). BI-bm C sø \ΩpsS kt mjw AXn Ønbn- m-ø-xm-wv. F p-sim-s - m k`bv v ]uckvxy ImtXm-en- msb hmgn- p- -Xn-\n-S-bmbn (I-c-tLm-jw). Cu \ {]h Ø\w aqew k`bv v D Ir- X D m-ip-sa p Rm hniz-kn- p- p. C p \S-Ønb ÿm\m-tcm-lw ip{iq-j- aqew Cu k`-bpss kam-[m-\-øn-\p-th n {ian hsc mw kt m-jn- -Xs snøpw. Cu kpzn\w ImWm \nß-fpss ]nxm- - mcpw Ah-cpsS ]nxm- - mcpw B{K-ln- n-cp- p.

46 91 92 F m Ah nxp km[n- n-. C -h Bflm-hn kt m-jn- p- p- m-hpw. Cu \ kwk-xn-bn F m-hcpw kt m-jn- - Xs thww. Ct mƒ Hcp Imcyw hy -am- m Rm B{K-ln- p- p. \mw Ct mƒ am HutKs\ ImtXm-en- m-bmbn hmgn p F -Xpam{X-a-, \Ωn \n- -I- p-\n sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-am-scbpw kie ]ptcm-ln-x- m-scbpw \mw kzoi-cn- n-cn- p- p. Cu sa{xm-t m-eo-ømamsc sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-am-cm-bn-øs kzoi-cn- n-cn- p- p. ]ptcm-ln- X- msc kxy-]p-tcm-ln-x- m-cm-bn-øs kzoi-cn- n-cn- p- p. A{]- Imcw Xs kie Assh-Zn-I pw th n Rm {]m \ A n- p- p. BI-bm \n߃ taen `n -Xbpw A`n-{]m-b- hy-xym-k-ßfpw IqSmsX Fs Cu ktµiw kzoi-cn- -Ww. \mw Chsc F{]-Imcw kzoi-cn- p- pthm A{]-Imcw \nßfpw kzoi-cn- -Ww. \mw \nßfpss k`-bpss CS-b-\m-sW p \n߃ hniz-kn- p- p-sh- n \ΩpsS hn\w A\p-k-cn- - Xs snø-ww. Cu \ {]hrønbn Rm \nßsf A\p-tam-Zn- p- txm-ssm w ]uckvxy ImtXmen- mbv v sszhw kt m-jhpw A`n-hr- nbpw \evip-am-dm-i-s. At±-l-Øns `c-w-imeøv k` D -Xnbpw t{ijvt-xbpw {]m]n- -s. A{]-Imcw F m sa{xm-t m-eo-ø- m-scbpw \mw A\p-tam-Zn- p- p. kndn-b-bn-ep F m k`m-a- fpw Cu {]hrøn-bn kt mjn- p- p- v. \ΩpsS ktlm-z-c-\mb ImtXm-en- m-_mhm Xncp-ta- \n-sbbpw a p sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-am-scbpw kndn-b-bn-te p Rm Wn- p-sim- p- p. \ΩpsS Cu {]hr-øn-bn BI-am-\-k` kt m-jn- m Ch AhnsS hc-ww. sszhw \sω A\p-{K-ln- s. sszhw k`bv v A`n-hr- nbpw D Ir- -Xbpw \evi-s. BbXv sszh-am-xm-hmb hnip adn-bm-an-s bpw am txmωm-«o-lm-bp-ssbpw k ]cn-ip- - m-cp-ssbpw {]m -\-bm Xs.'' Cu {]kw-k-øn\p adp-]-sn-bmbn HutK ImtXm-en- m-_mhm snbvx {]kw-k-øn C{]-Imcw ]d p: ""`n n k`sb ]. ]m{xnb o-kv -_mhm Xncp-ta\n H n- n hkvxpx ae- -c-k` F mehpw kvacn- pw. ]. ]t{xm-kns At ym-iym- knw-lm-k-\hpw am txmωm-bpss ImtXm-en- m- knw-lm-k-\hpw c m-sw- nepw H p- X-s -bm-wv.'' 8 ImtXm-en- -m -am m m kw`m-jww 1964 Unkw_dn t_mws_-bn \S Znhy-Im-cpWy tim {Kkn kw_- n- p- -Xn-\mWp ]. t]mƒ Bdm-a am m m C ybn FØn-b-Xv. Cu Ah-k-c-Øn-emWv C y-bnse Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpss Xe-h\pw am txm-ωm-bpss knwlm-k-\-øn Bcq-V-\pamb ]. _t -en-tbmkv HutK ImtXm-en- m-_m-hm-sb- t\-cn p ImW-W-sa am m- m-bpss Nncm-`n-emjw ]q Øn-bm-b-Xv. Cu kµ i-\-øn\p If-sam-cp- n-b-xn KWy-amb ] p hln- Xv A - amen `{Zm-k-\m-[n-]-\mb ]oen-t mkv am sxtbm-^n-temkv (A p ^m. si. ]oen-t mkv) sa{xm-t m-eoøm Bbn-cp- p. am m- m-bpss A`n-emjw \nd-th- p- -Xn\v F ]-txmfw hb- p- m-bn-cp ]. ImtXm-en- m-_mhm imco-cni- o-w-߃ hnkva-cn p t_mws_-bn ]d-s -Øn Unkw-_ aq mw Xo-bXn cmhnse 9 awn- m-bn-cp p IqSn- mgvn \S- -Xv. t_mws_ B v -_n-j- p- Iq-Sn-bmb C y-bpss {]Ya I ±n-\mƒ hte-dn-b {Kmjy-kns Ac-a-\-bnse hncn-s m-cp- nb Hcp apdn-bm-bn-cp p kµ i-\- cw-kw. A p cmhnse t_mws puvlukv IØo{U-en-te- p hml\ KXm-KXw I i-\-ambn \nb-{ n- n-cp- p. si. Fw. ^nen- ns hk-xn-bn FØn hn{i-an- n-cp ]. ImtXm-en- m-_m-hmbpw ^m.- si. ]oen-t mkpw a pw AhnsS- \n- mwp sh -tb-dnb Hcp Imdn _puvlukv _nj]vkv ]mekn IrXy-k-a-b-Øv-F-Øn-t -Xv. am m- m-bpss sk{i- -dnbpw C y-bnse høn- m {]Xn-\n- [nbpw tn v ]. _mhmsb Imdns tum Xpd v kzoi-cn- p. XpS v ]. _mhmbpw ^m. si. ]oen-t mkpw en^v n, c mw-\n-ebnep am m- m-bpss apdn-bnte v B\-bn- -s - p. Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-amb A\ L- \n-an-j-߃. {]mnnbpw {]Xo-Nnbpw XΩn Bt«-jn- p- p. DØc Z nw {[ph-߃ H n v ktω-fn- p p. B B ym-fln-i -tpym-xn- p-iƒ snmcn {]`m-]qcw B apdn-bn Xfw-sI- n -\n- p. \q m- p-iƒ p- ti-j-ap c p k`mta-e- y- - m-cpss B IqSn- mgvn IqsS\n -hscsb mw timcn-ø-

47 93 94 cn- n- p. hn\-b-øn-s bpw Xmgva-bp-sSbpw tizm-c-ß-fmb Ccp-hcpw B ym-fln-im-\p-`q-xn-i-fpss Kncn-irw-K-Øn \ne-sim- p- p. At\- I -h j-߃ XΩn ImWm-Xn-cp ktlm-z-c- m-cpss kt m-j- \n `-c-amb Hcp ]p\x-k-am-k-a-\w. Xt]m-\n-jvT-amb {InkvXob Pohn- X-{]-hm-l-Øns Hcp KwKm bap\m kwkaw Xs. Ah CShpw hehpw si n- n-sn- p. am m- -m Xs _mhmsb Xm\n-cp tkm^m-bn ]nsn- n-cp-øn. ]. ]t{xm-kn-s bpw ]. txmωm- «olm-bp-ssbpw knwlm-k-\-߃ H n- n-cn- p- p. AhnsS ÿm\hpw knwlm-k-\hpw A[n-Im-chpw H pw {]iv\a-. kvt\l-øn \n p P\n ka-xz-kp-µ-c-amb A -co- w. Xs {]mbhpw Btcm-Ky-\n-ebpw H pw IW- n-se-sp- msx t_mws_-bn FØn-bXv XΩn ImWp- -Xn-\p Ahm-Ny-amb kt m-jw -sim- m-sw p ]. _mhm Adn-bn- p. {InkvXob kpir- X-ß-fpsS \nd-ip-s-amb am m- m-bpss apjw Bfl-\n hr-xn-bp-ssbpw B\-µ-Øn-s bpw AXyp- -X -ta-j-e-i-fn k -cn- p- -Xp-t]mse txm n. ]cn-]m-h-\-amb B A -co- -Øn Ah Æ-\o-b-amb {InkvXob kvt\løns AZr-iy-amb honn-iƒ Iºn-bn m Iºnbn-se- -t]mse Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw lrz-b-hn-]- n-i-ifn Bfl-\n hr- Xn-bpsS A\p-c-W-\-߃ kr n- p- p- m-bn-cp- p. alm \K-c-amb t_mws_- hsc h p I -Xp-sIm- p-am{xw Xm Xr]vX-\-s pw ]. _mhm tdman FØn Ipd p\mƒ Xs am\ym-xn-yn-bmbn Xmakn- -W-sa pw am m m ]d p. I ±n-\mƒ {Kmjykpw ^m. si. ]oen-t mkpw am{x-amwv Cu lrz-b- -I bv p km yw hln- - Xv. GXm\pw an\n- p-iƒ \o p-\n B kw`m-j-w-øn-\p-tijw A p ti{µ-a-{ nbpw C y Hm Ø-tUm-Ivkv -k-`-bpss {]ikvx AwK-hp-am-bn-cp F. Fw. txma-kv, ae-bmf at\m-c-a-bpss \yqu ln {]Xn-\n[n hn. Fw. ac-tßmen apx-em-b-h pw am m m kµ i-\m-\p-hmzw \ In. am m- m-bpss at\m-l-c-amb Nn{X-Øm apj-ap-{z-b-wn- n-cp A sø ae-bmf at\m-c-a-bpss Hcp {]Xn at\m-ca {]Xn-\n[n am m m-bpss ]mh-\-i-c-ß-fn ka n- p. Hcp ]p n-cn-tbm-sp-iqsn ]{X-Øn H p t\m n-b-tijw AXv ASp-Øncp I ±n-\mƒ {Kmjy-kns\ Gev]n- p. kµ i-isc ^m. -si. ]oent m-kmwp am m- mbv p ]cn-n-b-s -SpØns msp-ø-xv. ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Ø-en-\p-tijw ].- Im-tXm-en- m _mhm ]. am m- mbv p ka n- m sim p-h- Xpw 433 hm p-iƒ AS-ßn-b-Xpamb ktµiw ^m. -]o-en-t mkv hmbn p ka n- p. {]Xn-k-tµ-isa \ne-bn 470 hm p-iƒ AS-ßnb IØv am m- m -X-s bmwp hmbn- -Xv. kulr-zm-`n-hm-z-\-߃ \nd- p-\n Ccp-k-tµ-iß-fnepw C y-bnse Hm Ø-tUm-Ivkv -k` A -kvtxm-eni k`-bmsw- p Ncn-{X-h-kvXpX hf-sc-b-[niw hy -am- n-bn-cp- p. ticfw kµ in- p- -Xn\pw Ahn-SpsØ ss{ikvx-hsc t\cn p ImWp- - Xn\pw am m m B{Klw {]ISn- n- p. bqtdm-]y cmpy-ß-fn At m-kvx-e- m kphn-tijw {]kw-kn AtX Ime-b-f-hn Øs C ybv pw B `mkyw kn n- -Xn am m m kt m-jn- p- -Xmbn ktµ-i-øn FSp-Øp-]-d- n- p v. ]. _mhmsb kzoi-cn- p- -Xnt\m-sSm w _mhm {]Xn-\n-[m\w snøp ]pcm-x\ k`-bnse {]_p- -cmb AwK-ß-sfbpw A`n-hm-Z\w snøp- -Xmbpw am m m FSp- Øp-]-d- n-cn- p- p. Ccp ktµ-i-ß-fnepw C y-bnse ItØm-en- cpw Hm Ø-tUm- Ivkp-Imcpw Hcp ip`m-h-k-c-øn At m-kvx-eni hnizm-k-øn IqSp-X ASp- p-sa v {]m -\m-]q w {]Xymi {]I-Sn- n- n- p-ap- v. Ac- a-wn- q \o p-\n B Ahn-kva-c-Wob "D -timsn' kw`mjww ss{ikvxh k`m-n-cn-{x-ønse ""kt m-j-øns Hcp kmbm ''ambn F pw ]cn-e-kn- pw. ]. HutK ImtXm-en m _mhmbpw ]. t]mƒ Bdm-a\pw

48 95 96 ]. _mhmbpw ].- am m- mbpw ]c-kv]cw ssiam-dn-bxpw kvt\lhmbv]v XpSn- p- -Xp-amb ktµ-i-ß-fpss Bfl-kØ X -a-bneqss H pw tnm p-t]m-im-xn-cn- s F p IcpXn Ah AtX-]Sn NphtS tn p p: Greeting of H. H. the Catholicos Augen I to H. H. the Pope Paul VI Holy Father in Christ, We give glory to God, The Holy Trinity for His great mercy in making this meeting possible. This great land of India with its ancient history and tradition of great religious saints had extended its welcome to the Christian Church in the middle of the first century A. D. when St. Thomas one of the twelve disciples of Jesus Christ founded it. Through the centuries the Church has lived its life here as part of the life and history of India, for long it has been isolated from the main currents of Christian Church and its growth in the western world. However, it maintained its connection with Persia and the See of Antioch. At present Syrian Christians include Orthodox Syrians, Catholic Syrians, Anglican Syrians, and Marthoma Syrians. Inspite of all these influences and other vicissitudes it is a matter of profound gratefulness to God that we have kept the faith once delivered to the saints. The ancient Catholicate of the East was revived here at the beginning of this century and my humble self is the fourth occupant of the throne since its establishment in India in The Orthodox Syrian Church has been viewing with keen interest, the deliberations of the Second Vatican Council under the able leadership of both Pope John of blessed memory and Your Holiness. We had sent observers to the Council in response to Your Holiness' kind invitation. The Council has opened vistas of new hope and expectations in the minds of Christians all over the world about the union of the Christian Churches. The Orthodox Church in India shares that hope and is united in prayer with Holiness in this great venture that the high priestly prayer of our Lord may be fulfilled in the way and time that the Holy Spirit wills. I may venture to express to your Holiness that the new spirit that Your Holiness and Your saintly predecessor have brought in, will inaugurate a new relationship of cordiality between our Churches. There have been painful instances of groups changing from one faith to another often without theological or doctrinal grounds which I believe have not contributed to the best in Christian witness. In spite of my old age and present conditions of health I did not want to miss this great privilege of meeting Your Holiness and exchange fraternal greetings with You on this historical occasion of the first visit to our land by the primate of the See of Rome. Let us join to praise God for all his blessings throughout the ages and to pray Him for His inestimable blessings and guidance in the years to come. Greeting of H. H. Pope Paul VI to H. H. the Catholicos Augen I Your Holiness, It is in a spirit of great joy that We greet you today. Our pilgrimage to the Congress which is meeting in this city of Bombay in order to renew Our devotion and fidelity to Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ receives new inspiration from the knowledge that you also have been able to come here to meet with us and exchange with Us a fraternal and Christian greeting. How great a pleasure it would have been for Us to visit the state of Kerala and personally greet the flourishing Christian communities which are established there. Their traditions of Christian life and witness extend back to Apostolic times, and We rejoice in the fact that even as the message of love and reconciliation was being brought to Europe through Christ's Apostles, ambassadors of peace, it was also reaching out at the same time to embrace your own native land. It established deep roots, and from the beginning has contributed greatly to the spiritual and cultural life of India. If the restricted nature of Our present pilgrimage makes it impossible for Us to make this visit at this time, We are comforted by the fact that, in the person of Your Holiness, We are able to salute the many thousands of Christians you represent. Even as We rejoice that so many Christians in this land glory in being heirs to the traditions of the Apostles, so also We face the reality that unhappily there do not exist the bonds of full communion among those whom the Lord calls to be of one heart and one soul (Act, 4. 32). The pain which this causes also spurs Us on to strive humbly but confidently for the reconciliation of all Christians in the unity of the one and only Church of Christ (Decr de Oecumenismo, n. 24). Fidelity to the faith preached by the Apostles and the Fathers as well as loyalty to the Apostolic charge which the Lord has laid upon Us make us understand that the way to full communion is a difficult one which offers an opportunity to the genuine charity of all Christians and to their patience is striving to carry out the inscrutable decrees of God. As We salute Your Holiness and, in Your person, the venerable church

49 97 98 FtXym-]y N{I-h Øn-bm-bn-cp slbven -sk-em-kn-bpss ]cn- {i-a-^-e-ambn 1965 P\p-h-cn-bn FtXym-]y-bpsS Xe-ÿm-\-amb BUnkv A_m_bn tn ]uc-kvxy Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`m-xe-h- m-cpss kp -l-tzm-kn C y-bnse Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`m-xe-h F \ne-bn HutK {]Y-a _mhmbv pw kw_- n- p- Xn\p `mky-ap- mbn. kndn-b Hm Ø-tUm-Ivkv k-`-bpss Xe-h- \mb At ymiym ]m{xn-b okv C m-txymkv bm q_v XrXob\pw Cu tim ^-d kn ]s -Sp-Øp. ae- c F n-kvtim- kp -l-tzmkv sk{i- dn Zm\n-tb am ]oe-ivkn-t\m-kv, ]utemkv am ]oe-ivkn-t\mkv F o sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-amcpw, amt\-p-c- F t]cn {]kn- -\m-bn-cp ^m. n. kn. tp _pw, AJne temi k`m Iu kn Atkm. sk{i- dn ^m. t]mƒ h Kokpw (C-t±-l-Øns {ia-^e-ambmwv N{I-h Øn ktω-f\w hnfn p Iq nb-xv), FtXym-]ym-bn D m-bn-cp dh. tum. hn. kn. kmap-h, dh. tum. -si. kn. tpmk^v F n-hcpw BUnkv A_m_m ktωf-\-øn C y Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`sb {]Xn-\n-[m\w snbvxp. C{]-Imcw Hcp ktω-f\w hnfn- p-iq- -W-sa Bibw BZy-ambn ]pd-s -Sp-hn- Xv Imew snbvx ]. _tk-en-tbmkv Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXob ImtXm-en- m-_mhm Bbn-cp p F v ChnsS Hm t - -Xp- v. `c-w-im-cy-øn kzx-{ -ß-fmb ]uckvxy Hm Ø-tUm-Ivkv - k-`-isf kw_- n- n-s-tømfw Ncn{Xw kr n Cu ktω-f-\-øn {]mbm-[n-iysø hi-h-bv msx ]s -SpØ ]. -Hu-tK _mhm-tbmsv FtXym-]y N{I-h Ønbpw a p k`m-x-e-h- mcpw {]I-Sn- n kvt\lm-z-c-߃ Ah Æ-\o-b-am-Wv. ktω-f-\m-\- cw ].- A-t ym- Iym -]m-{xn-b o-kns Ww kzoi-cn v kndn-b-bnse {][m\ k`m-ti-{µ-ßfpw hnip \msp-ifpw Hcn- qsn kµ in- p- - Xn\pw ImtXm-en- m -_m-hmbv p km[n- p. F ]-Xp -h-b v Ign ].- Hu-tK _m-hmbpw a pw P\p-hcn 11 mw XobXn sim n-bn \n p hnam-\-am w t_mws_- -I-dm- n - -GU hgn FtXym-]ym-bnse Akvam-d-bn-te p t]mbn. Ahn-SsØ Kh sω v KÃv lukn ]. -_mhm A pcm{xn Xma-kn- p. AXnof which you are the pastor, We wish to express our desire and determination that Catholics also fully accept that opportunity. God grant that the fraternal greeting we are exchanging now be the pledge of our common desire that, with the grace of God and according to the ways which He will determine, Catholics and Orthodox in India may one day arrive at that happy state which once characterized their apostolic forbears who, the sacred writer tells us, "continued steadfastly in the teaching of the Apostles and in the communion of the breaking of the bread and in the prayers'' (Acts 2, 42). HutK dºm\pw ]nxmhv A{_lmw IØ-\mcpw 9 FtXym-]y kp -l-tzmkv

50 i- -amb ssixyw A\p-`-h-s - -Xns\ XpS v ImtXm-en- m- _mhmbpw amt\-p-c- \pw a pw A p-cm-{xn- Xs Cl-tem-I-hmkw shsnbptam F p t]mepw `b-s - p-t]m-bn. ]nt - Zn-hkw BUnkv A_m- _-bn-te- p hnam-\-bm{x XpS p. B hnam-\-øn At ymiym ]m{xn-b okpw kndn-b-bnse c p sa{xm-t m-eo-ø-mamcpw c p dºm- mcpw D m-bn-cp- p. sa{xm- mcpw _mhm-amcpw ]c-kv]cw Benw- K\w snbvxp kzoi-cn- p. hnam\w BUnkv A_m_m Xmh-f-Øn Cd-ßn-b-t mƒ N{Ih Ønbpw FtXym-]y k`-bnse BŒnwKv ]m{xn-b o-km-bn-cp B_q\m sxtbm-^n-temkpw ]Xn-\- n-e-[niw sa{xm-t m-eo-ømamcpw tn mwv ]m{xn-b o-kn-s\bpw ImtXm-en- m-sbbpw ssiapøn kzoi-cn- -Xv. XpS v B_q\m am sxtbm-^n-temkv snbvx {]kw-k-øn-\p-tijw ]m{xn-b okpw ImtXm-en- mbpw kap-nn-x-ambn adp-]sn ]d- p. k`m Xe-h- m p-th n {]txyiw k -am- n-bn-cp Hcp sim m-c-øn-emwv ImtXm-en- m -_m-hmbpw Xma-kn- n-cp- -Xv. A p sshin v ]m{xn-b o-kv -_m-hmbpw ImtXmen- m -_m-hmbpw N{I-h Ønsb kµ in v kw`m-jww \SØn. F ]-Øn-H p hb- p- m-bn-cp HutK _mhm ktω-f-\-øn ss[cy-]q w FØn-t -Xn N{I-h Øn IqSp-X k p- nbpw B -cyhpw {]I-Sn- n- p. ]pcm-x-\-amb ae- ck`bv v AZzn-Xo-bamb ÿm\-amwv _mhm-bpss kµ i\w aqew Ahn-sSbpw e`n- - ]. HutK ImtXm-en m _mhmsb ]. bmt m_v XrXo-b ]m{xnb okpw slbven skemkn N{I-h Ønbpw tn v kzoi-cn- p- p. Xv. BUnkv A_m_ ktω-f\w P\p-hcn 15 \p Bcw-`n p. At ymiym ]m{xn-b o-kv, A Ωo-\n-b kp{]ow ImtXm-ent mkv hkvi, HutK ImtXm-en- m -_m-hm, knen-jy ImtXmen m timdn, B_q\m sxtbm-^n-temkv F n-h A y- -th- Zn-bn slbven skemkn N{I-h Øn-bpsS Ccp-h-i-ß-fn-ep-ambn Ccp- p. N{I-h Øn-bmWv ktω-f\w DZvLm-S\w snbvx-xv. At ymiym ]m{xn-b okv _mhm-bpw, hkvi ImtXm-en- mbpw {]kw-kn- p. A ao-\n-b k`-bpss {]mxn-\n[yw kw_- n- p mb X sø XpS v sshin pw ]nt -Zn-h-khpw ktω-f\w \S- n-. 18 \p ktωf\w ]p\-cm-cw-`n- p-ibpw Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`-isf kw_- n- p ]e kp{]-[m\ Xocp-am-\-ßfpw ssis m- p-ibpw snbvxp. FtXym- ]y-bnse kµ i-\ -]-cn-]m-sn-iƒ p tijw P\p-hcn 25- mw XobXn sibvtdm-bn-te v ImtXm-en- m -_m-hmbpw a pw ]d- p. AhnsS FØnb tijw ]m{xn-b o-kv -_mhm Za-kvtIm-kn-te p t]mip- Ibpw ImtXm-en- m- _m-hmbpw a pw tim]v niv k`-bpss AXn-Yn-Ifmbn ]e ] n-ifpw kµ in- p-ibpw snbvxp. c p Znh-ksØ kµ i-\-øn-\p-tijw ImtXm-en- m -_m-hmbpw IpsS-bp- m-bn-cp- -hcpw bdp-i-te-an-te- p- t]m-bn. hnip- - \m-sp-ifnse ]pwy-ÿ-e-߃ kµ in- p- -Xn\p ImtXm-en- m- _mhmbv p Pohn-X-km-bm- -Øn Hc-h-kcw IqSn e`n- p. t_bvdq- v, timdn ImtXm-en- m-bpss Bÿm-\-amb B -en-bmkv F n-hn-s-ß-fnse kµ i\øn\p-tijw s^{_p-hcn 3 mw XobXn At ymiym ]m{xn-b o-kns Bÿm-\-amb Zam-kvI-kn-te p t]mbn. ]m{xn-b m Ac-a-\-Ihm-S-Øn h v Ing- ns ImtXm-en- msb I -t mƒ ]m{xn-b okv _mhm At±-lsØ kkt mjw Benw-K\w snbvxp kzoi-cn- p. "ae- -c-k-`-bnse kam-[m\w kp`-{z-am-bn-øs Ccn- p- pthm' F p ]m{xn-b o-kv -_mhm BImw- m-]q w F m-h-tcmspw Bcmbp-I-bp- m-bn. c p _mhm-amcpw knwlm-k-\- hy-xym-k-sat\y H n- n-cp p Ipi-e-{]iv\w snbvxp. Ahn-SpsØ kµ i-\ -]-cn-]m-sn-iƒ p-tijw ImtXm-en- m - _mhm tlmwkpw, Be-t m-bpw, slk- m-bpw, szdn pw a pw kµ in p ]e kzoi-c-w-ß-fn ]s -Sp-Øp. ]n osv ImtXm-en- m- _mhm Ncn-{X-{]kn- -amb aqk kµ in- p-i-bp- m-bn.

51 am txm-ωm-bpss Xncp-ti-jn v aqk kµ i-\m w HutK _m-hmbpw ]m{xn-b o-kv - _mhmbpw Xoh- n -am w aqk tãj-\n FØn-b-t mƒ aqkense sa{xm-t m-eo-øm, am tkth-dn-tbmkv k m-bnbpw a pw Ah p lrzy-amb Hcp hc-th-ev]mwp \ In-b-Xv. Ah-cpsS kzoic-w- tlmj-bm-{x-bpss e yw ]g- -ta-dnb aqk sa{xm-k\ Aca-\-bm-bn-cp- p. am txmωm- «o-lm-bpss \ma-øn-emwv Cu ] n ÿm]n- n-cn- p- -Xv. Cu ] n-bpss Hcp `nøn v kw`-hn tisp-t]m- p- -Xn- \mbn B `nøn s]mfn Ah-k-c-Øn-emWv am txm-ωm- «o-lm-bpss Xncp-ti-jn v I pin n-b-xv. Hcp am _nƒ t]s-i-øn AXv `wknbmbn kq n- p-h- n-cp- p. ""C y-bn kphn-tijw Adn-bn am txm- Ωm-bpsS Xncp-ti-jn v'' F p ]gb Fkv{X tkem A -c-øn AXn-t Fgp-Xn-bn-cp- p. C ybn am txm-ωm -«olm kphntijw Adnbn p F p- -Xn\v Hcp km y-ambpw AXn-ep-]cn At mkvx-es `uxn-im-h-in w ae- -c-k-`-bn Zo L-Im-e-ambn \ne-hnen-cp `n X Ah-km-\n- n p kam-[m\w ]p\xÿm-]n- -Xn\v ]m{xnb o-kn\p e`n Hcp Znhy-k-Ωm-\-ambpw ]m{xn-b o-kv -_mhm Cu Xncp-ti-jn- ns\ ]cn-k-wn p. al-ømb Cu "kphn-tijw' ]m{xnb o-kv -_mhm C y k-`sb ti_nƒam w Adn-bn- p. BZy-Im-eØv C y-bn \n v FtU- m-bn-te- mwp am txm- Ωm-«o-lm-bpsS Xncp-ti-jn v sim p-t]m-b-xv. B ]pwy-hkvxp 394- Dd-lm-bnse am txmωm -«o-lm-bpss ] n-bn ÿm]n- p. AXv Hcp I -SIw (Pq-sse) aq mw- Xo-b-Xn-bm-Wv. B Znhkw am txm- Ωm-bpsS Hm Ω (Zp-Ivtdm-t\m) Bbn sim m-sp-hm k` \n -bn- p. Cu Xncp-ti-jn- ns Awi-߃ ]n osv ]e ÿe-ß-fn-te pw sim p-t]mbn F mwp Ncn{Xw. Ime-{I-a-Øn Ddlm am txm- Ωm- «o-lm-bpss I_-dn-S-ÿ-e-ambpw ImtXm-en- m-am-cpss Bÿm- \-ambpw Xo p. ImtXm-en m Bÿm\-Øns ÿm\-n-e-\-tømssm w B Xncp-ti-jn- p-ifpw am -s - -Xmbn ]cn-k-wn- -s -Sp- p. aqk sk v txmakv ] n-bn HutK _mhm hnip Ip _m\ A n- p. Ip _m-\- at y ]m{xn-b o-kv -_mhm ] nbn FØp-Ibpw am _nƒ t]s-i-øn kq n- n-cp am txm- Ωm-bpsS Xncp-ti-jn v AXp h n-cp ÿe-øp-\n v BtLm-j- ]q w sim p-h v hnip azv_-lm-bn {]txyiw k -am- nbn-cp at\m-l-c-amb Hcp ]ot-øn h-bv p-ibpw {]txyi {]m - \bpw [q]m-cm-[-\bpw Ign v Hcp sndp {]kw-k-tøm-sp-iqsn ImtXmen- m -_m-hmsb Gev]n- p-ibpw- sn-bvxp. HutK _mhm BZ-c- ]q w AXv G p-hm-ßp-ibpw Xncp-ti-jn v \evin-b-xn ]m{xnb o-kv -_m-hm-tbmspw k mbn sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-tbmspw IrX- X {]Im-in- n- p-ibpw D m-bn. A\- cw _mhm-amcpw sa{xmt m-eo-øm-amcpw dºm- mcpw ] - mcpw ip{iq-j-icpw Xncp-ti-jn pw hln- p-sim pw ] n-b-iøp {]txyi KoX-߃ Be-]n- psim pw Hcp kvtxm{x -{]-Z- nww \S-Øp-Ibpw XpS v hn. - Ip m\ ]q Øn-bm- p-ibpw snbvxp. Cu Xncp-ti-jn- mwv C v tim -bw -Im-tXm-en-t v Ac-a\ Nm -en kq n- n-cn- p- -Xv. _mkvzm-zv, _{km, _lvdn, JØ, tuml F n-hn-s-ß-fn k -cn p aebm-fn-i-fmb ae- -c -k-`mw-k-ß-fpss kzoi-c-w- k mc-ß-fn HutK _mhm ]s -Sp-Øp. XpS v t_mws_- hgn tim bøv Xncn-s -Øn-bt mƒ _mhmbv pw am tømωm «olm-bpss Xncp-ti-jn- n\pw e`n ` n-\n `-c-amb kzoi-cww Ah Æ-\o-bam-Wv (am txmωm «olm-bpss Xncp-ti-jn v \ Inb ]m{xn-b okmwv A p sim w Ign- -t mƒ am tøm-ωm-bpss ] w tcjmaqew "Ducn-sb-Sp-ØXv.' ]cn-ip- m-flm-hns\xncmb ]m]w). hnip \msp-i-fnse Xs Ah-km-\sØ kµ i-\-øn-\p-tijw `mky-hm- \mb HutK _mhm 1965 am v 9 mw XobXn cm{xn ImtXm-en-t v Ac-a-\-bn kkpjw Xncn-s -Øn.

52 Hcp hymg-h- - mew aq m-asø ImtXm-en m Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b _mhm 1964 P\phcn 3 mw XobXn Imew- sn-bvx-xn-\m 1962 sabv 17- mw XobXn ae- c Atkm-kn-tb-j sxc-s -Sp-Øn-cp HutK am Xntam- Øn-tbmkv ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bmbn Nm s -Sp-Øp. A v Fw. Un. skan-\m-cn-bn h v am Xntam-Øntbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm snbvx Nca {]kw-k-øn ""\ymb-øn\pw kxy-øn\pw {]am-w- Øn\pw \oxn- pw- th n \ne-\n Imew-sNbvX Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Ime-Sn-Iƒ hnizm-k-ÿnc-x-tbm-sp-iqsn ]n p-s-cp-sa p'' {]Jym-]n- ncp- p. B kxy-{]-xn At±lw Pohn-X-Øn \nd-th- p-ibpw snbvxp. ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bmbn Nm sp-spøv ae- -c-k-`-bnse sshim-cn-i -sfiyw t]mjn- n- p- -Xn\pw kºq Æ kam-[m-\-øn- \p hne-ßp-x-sn-iƒ \o p- -Xn\pw ]m{xn-b okv -_m-hmsb lqzm-b -Im-t\m-\nse hyh-ÿsb am\n- p-sim v Wn- p- -Xn\pw ImtXm-en- m-hm-gvn-bn ]s -Sp- n- p- -Xn\pw ae- c F -nkvtim- kp -l-tzmkv Xocp-am-\n- p. A sø ]m{xn-b o-kns ÿm\m-tcm-l-w- th-f-bn hyh-ÿ-b-\p-k-cn v ImtXm-en- msb Wn- n-cp- n-s - nepw AsX mw hnkva-cn- p-sim v se ]ckv]c kzoi-c-w-øns shfn- -Øn-em-bn-cn- Ww ae- c kp -ltzmkv tikp-iƒ v A n-a-hn-cmaw CSp- -Xn\pw kam-[m-\-øn\p kºq Æ-`-{ZX e`n- p- -Xn-\pw -th nv ]m{xn-b o-kv -_m-hmsb Wn- -sx p Icp-X-s -Sp- p. ae- c kp -l-tzmkns W-a- \p-k-cn v ]m{xn-b o-kv _m-hmbpw aq p sa{xm- mcpw ae- -c-bn FØp-sa v 1964 s^{_p-h-cn-bn Dd- m-bn. F m ]m{xn-b okv hcm-xn-cn- p- -Xn\pw Nne XS- -߃ kr n- p- -Xn\pw ap ]m{xnb okv `mksø Nne {]am-wn-iƒ {ian- p-sh pw AXv ]cm-p-bs - p-sh pw ]n osv hy -am-bn. ae- -c-k-`-bpss sne-hn C y-bn FØnb ]m{xn-b o-kv - _mhmbpw sa{xm- mcpw \yqu ln-bn h v cm{ -]Xn tum. Fkv. cm-[m-ir-jvws\ kµ in- p-ibpw tic-f-øn FØn H -[niw kzoic-w- k-ev m-c-ß-fn ]s -Sp- p-ibpw snbvxp. ImtXm-en- m-bpss ÿm\m-tcm-l-w-øn-\p- apºv ImtXm-en-t m-kns A[n-Im-c-ko-abn s Ipssh v apx-emb {]tz-i-ß-fn-t -ep Ah-Imiw ]m{xnb o-kns\ ]nw- m-xn-cn- p- -Xn-\p-th n ae- c kp -l-tzmkv Dt]- n Imcyw hfsc sshin -am-{xta k`mw-k-߃ Adn p- p. Ahn-SpsØ kº- -cmb ae-bm-fn-i-fpss B ym-fln-im-h-iy߃ \nd-th- p- -Xn-\p kwhn-[m\w XpS-cp-sa pw hyh-ÿ- snbvxn-cp- p. {]mtbm-kn-i -X-e-Øn Cu Xocp-am-\-Øn\v AsX-gp-Xnb IS-em-kns hne- t]m-ep-an-s - mwv A\p-`-h-߃ sxfn-bn- -Xv. ae- c kp -l-tzm-kw-k-ß-fpss kl-i-c-w-tøm-sp-iqsn \S ImtXmen- m- ÿm-\m-tcm-lww Ncn{Xw kr n Hcp kw`-h-am-bn-cp- p. Cu NS-ßn ]m{xn-b okv _mhmbpw ioa-bn \n- p-h sa{xm- mcpw am{xta kw_- n- n-cp- p- psh v ImWn- m Nne Xev]- c-i- n-iƒ t^mt m -sh n tªm p- m n ]c-ky-s -Sp-Øn-bXv ss{ikvx-h F \ne-bn-ep- Ah-cpsS A[x-]-X-\-Øns Hcp AS-bm-f-am-bn- am{xw Ah-ti-jn- pw. ImtXm-en- m -ÿm-\mtcm-lww t\cn- p-i v kt m-jn At\-Im-bncw k`mw-k-߃ C pw sx pw hs pw Pohn- p- p- v. Iymad I w ]d- -mepw IÆp-Iƒ ASbv m-\m-hn- -t m. ImtXm-en m ÿm\m-tcm-l-w-tømss ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bn D m-bn-cp Ccp-hn`m-K-ßfpw ]cn-]q Æambpw H m-bn. ImtXm-en- m- ÿm-]\w k` apgp-h-t -Xp-am-bn. ChnsS ÿm]n ImtXm-en- m -knw-lm-k\w A_vZp ]m{xnb okpw ]n Km-an-Ifpw AwKo-I-cn- n-. AXp-t]mse-Xs ChnsS hmwn-cp ImtXm-en- m-amcpw Ahsc A\p-k-cn- -hcpw At ymiym ]m{xn-b o-kp-am-scbpw AwKo-I-cn- n-. Cu ]c-kv]c FXn v F t - p-ambn amdn F v F m-hcpw hniz-kn- p-ibpw snbvxp. k` H p v AwKo-I-cn- p ]m{xn-b o-kv -_m-hmbpw ImtXm-en- m - _m-hmbpw D m-b-xn-\m k`-bnse ""Rßfpw'' ""\nßfpw'' A{]- Xy- -am-bn ]m{xn-b o-kv -_mhm kam-[m-\- I-ev]\ ]pds -Sp-hn- -t mƒ AXv AtX-]Sn AwKo-I-cn- m hnk-ωxn- -hcpw ]m{xn-b o-kv -_m-hm-bpss {]kwkw ti -t mƒ ImtXm-en- m-bpss A\p-bm-bn-I-fmbn amdn-t m-bn-cn- -Ww. ""ae- -c-bn D m-bn-cn- p kam-[m\w \n߃ apdpsi ]nsn- Ww. AXm-bn-cn pw F\n v \evim-hp \nß-fpss G hpw A`n- Im-ay-amb ]mcn-txm-jn-iw. k t m-]cn hnip PohnXw \bn- p- Ibpw thww. ae- -c-k-`-bn ] p- m-bn-cp Ie-l-sØ- n C\nbpw Nn n- p-itbm AtX-s m n Fs - nepw ]d p hg- p- m- p-itbm snøp- -Xp-sIm v \ΩpsS k`bvt m k`-bn

53 B s - n-eptam bmsxmcp KpWhpw D m-im t]mip- n-. Ign Imcy-߃ ]d p hg- p-iƒ IpØn-s m- p-hm {ian- p- -h v tem-øns `mcy-bv p- mb A\p`hw -D- p-xq-wm-bn- Øo A\p-`-hw - -D- mipw.'' tim bw knwlm-k-\- - n-bn ]m{xn-b okv-_mhm snbvx {]kw-k-øns Hcp `mk-am-wn-xv. k`m kam-[m\w D m-bn-cn- p kml-n-cy-øn ]gb Imcy-ß-fn-te pw apºp- m-bn- p Akp-J-ß-fn-te pw ti p-i-fn-te pw ]c-kv]cw snbvxn- p t{zml-ß-fn-te pw ItÆm-Sn- p-tºmƒ ]ns bpw hncp- -X-bn-te pw AkpJ-ß-fn-te pw t]mimt\ a\p-jy\p txm p-ibp- p. AXp-sIm v temøns `mcy-bpss Imcyw A\p-kva-cn- n- Xv hfsc \ m-bn. F n pw ""temøns `mcy-am-cmbn'' Nne k`bn Xe-bp-b Øn F Xv \n `m-ky-i-c-sat ]d-tb- -Xp- p. HutK _mhmbv v `mc-ta-dnb Npa-X-e-I-fmWp hln-t - n-h- Xv. At±-l-Øns ap Km-an-Iƒ v Hcp hn`m-k-øns A`n-{]m-bß-ƒ BZ-cn- p-am{xw {]h Øn- m axn-bm-bn-cp- p. F m hn`n Nn m-k-xn-i-fn Xg-ºn c p Iq -cpss sshim-cni sfiyw km[n- p- -Imcyw {ia-km- y-amb H m-bn-cp- p. Nne Imcy-߃ ]d-bmsx hns-ww. F m-k-xy-ßfpw ]d-b-cp-xv. s]cp-am- -Ønepw {]hrøn-bnepw F mw hfsc kq n p \otß Npa-X-e-bmWv F ]-txm-s-spø ]pxnb ImtXm-en- m-bpss Npa-en Ib-dn-b-Xv. ap p-iƒ \nd ]mx-bn-eqss k -cn Xntam-Øntbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbv v ap p- I-fpsS Hcp InS- -X-s -bm-bn-cp p ImtXm-en- m- ÿm-\hpw F p ]d-bmw. ae- -c-bn D m-bn-cn- p imizx kam-[m\w aqew k` kr n-]-c-amb cwk-ß-fn qsn A`n-hr- n-s Ss F ip`m-iw-k- I-tfm-sS-bmWp ]m{xn-b o-kv -_mhm ae- c hn -Xv. AXp-sIm v k`-bpss kr n-]-c-amb {]h Ø-\-߃ A\yq\w XpS-cp- -Xn-\p A -co w kwpm-x-am-bn-cp- p. HutK ImtXm-en- m-_mhm Npa-Xe Gev p- -Xn\p apºp-xs k`-bpss πm\nwkv IΩn n cq]w \evinb ]cn-]m-sn-iƒ ]ptcm-k-an- psim n-cp- p. CXc Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`-i-fp-am-bp _ w sa s - p-h- p Pqsse amk-øn Ae-Ivknkv ]m{xn-b o-kns sa{xm ÿm\m-`n-tji I\-I-Pq-_n-en-bn kw_- n- m amxyqkv am AØm-\mt-kym-kv, Zm\n-tb am ]oe-ivkn-t\mkv F o sa{xmt m-eo-øm-am djy k`-bpss BXnYyw kzoi-cn p tamkvtimbpw a pw kµ in- p. ImtXm-en-t v sk {S Hm^okv B[p-\n-I -\ne-bn kwl-sn- n- p- -Xn\v k`m amt\-pnwkv IΩn n Xocp-am\w FSpØp. Fw. Un. skan-\mcn hf- n IqSp-X si n-s-߃ \n Ωn- m \n -bn- p. ae- -c-k`m `c-w-øn\v Hcp F -nkvtim- Iu kn 1963 sk]vxw-_-dn \ntbm-kn- -s - p. aq m-asø ImtXm-en- m-bpss Ime-tijw `c-w-`m-c-ta HutK _mhmbv v ]e {]iv\ß-sf t\cn-ts- -Xp- m-bn-cp p F nepw BZy h jßfn k`m-\ui im -amb kmk-c-øn-eq-ss-bmwp \oßn-b- Xv. ti pw I n-h-g pw Xo p. apºp c p I n-i-fmbn \n h Hcp-an v Bcm-[-\ -\-S-Øn. Nne sshzn-i apºp Ib-dn-bn- n- mø tzhm-e-b-ß-fn kt m-j-]q w _en A n- p. Aßs\ k` sshim-cni sfiy-øn-te pw ]ptcm-k-xn-bn-te pw \oßn. k`m- `-c-w-l-s-\-bn Bh-iy-ambn hcm-hp t`z-k-xn-iƒ hcp- Øp- -Xn\v ImtXm-en- m -_mhm Hcp dqƒ IΩn- nsb \ntbm-kn- p. k`-bpss ]ptcm-k-xnsb ap \n Øn ]pxp-xmbn GXm\pw sa{xm- msc hmgn- m kp -l-tzmkv \hw-_ 20 \p Xocp-am-\n- p. A - amen `{Zm-k-\-Øns Koh-dp-Kokv am {KotKm-dn-tbmkv sa{xm-t meo-øm-sb- Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kt -kviqƒ kampw {]kn-u- mbpw IWn-bmw-]-d-ºn Ipcy tim F n-kvtim- msb kampw Ub-d- Œ P\-dembpw ^m. si. tuhn-uns\ ]ªn-t -j Hm^o-k-dmbpw kp -l-tzmkv sxc-s -SpØp P\p-hcn BZyw FtXym-]y-bnse BUnkv A_m-_-bn \S ]uc-kvxy- k-`-i-fpss kp -l-tzm-kn HutK _mhm, ]m{xnb okv _mhm-tbm-ssm w kw_- n- p-ibpw XpS v ]m{xn-b okv -_m-hm-bpss W-a-\p-k-cn v kndn-bm-bnse ] n-ifpw hnip- - \m-sp-ifpw kµ in- p-i-bpw- sn-bvxp. Xs sndp- -Im-esØ PohnX kvac-w-iƒ ]pxp- n. am txm-ωmbpss Xncp-ti-jn pw Cu bm{xbn ]m{xn-b okv _mhm \evin. Hm Ø-tUmIvkv sshzn-i- skan-\mcn Hcp _n.un. timf-pmbn Db Øn-bXv 1965 s^{_p-hcn H p apx-em-sw- p- Xv sshzni skan-\m-cn-bpss {]n kn- m-fm-bn-cp HutK _m-hmbv v IqSp-X kt m-j-øn\p hi-\-evin. ImtXmen- m-zn\w k`-bpss sfiy-øn-s bpw kam-[m-\-øn-s bpw {]Xo- I-ambn k` apgp-h BN-cn- p. ae- -c-k-`-bpss BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\- ߃ Imtem-Nn-X-ambn ]cn-jvi-cn- p- -Xn-\mbn F n-kvtim- kp l-tzmkv Xocp-am-\n- p. k`-h-i-bmbn saun- an-j {]h Ø\w DSs\ Bcw-`n- p- -Xn-\m-h-iy-amb \S-]-Sn-Ifpw kzoi-cn- p. HmKÃv 27- mw XobXn ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn-bn HutK _mhm-bpss A y- - X-bn tn k`m-am-t\-pnwkv IΩn nbp-ssbpw πm\nwkv IΩn- n-bp-

54 ssbpw kp -l-tzm-kn-s bpw kwbp- -tbmk-øn ae- -c-k-`-bpss ]ptcm-kxn ap \n Øn πm\nwkv IΩo-j aptºm- p-h \n t±-i-߃ F mw kp -l-tzmkv kzoi-cn- -Xmbn {]Jym-]\w snø-s - p. HtŒm- _ 5 \p ae- c Atkm-kn-tb-j amt\-pnwkv IΩn n IqSn. Unkw- _ 28 - \p Atkm-kn-tb-j hnfn- p-iq- p- -Xn\pw sa{xm ÿm\m n-isf sxc-s -Sp- p- -Xn\pw \n -bn- p. Atkm-kntb-j IqSn ^m. F. F. tbml- m aev]m, ^m. si. ]oent m-kv, ^m. -Sn. t]mƒ hdp-ko-kv, ^m. Fw. hn. tpm v, kn.- n. txmakv dºm F n-hsc sfi-i-wvtty\ sxc-s -Sp-Øp. sshzn- I {S-Ãn -ÿm\w cmpn- h aw-en bmt m_v IØ-\m p ]Icw Sn. Fkv. G{_lmw tim F n-kvtim m sxc-s -Sp- -s - p. ]gb skan-\m-cn-bpss 150 h jw XnI-bp- Xv kw_- n Pq_nen Unkw-_ Ah-km\w sim m-sn. {]mcw-` -k-tω-f-\-øn ap {]n kn- Iq-Sn-bmb ImtXm-en- m-_mhm A y- -X- h-ln- p-ibpw ticf Kh Æ G. ]n. Pbn ktω-f\w DZvLm-S\w snøp-ibpw D m-bn. XpS mwv FtXym-]y kp -l-tzm-kn ]s -Sp- m ImtXm-en- m-_mhm t]mb-xv. t\mºm-n-c-w-øns {]m[m\yw H pw Ipd-bv msx emlhw hcp- Øn-b-XmWv HutK _mhm-bpss ImesØ Hcp {][m-\-s ]cnjvimcw. At{]w {]Y-a ]m{xn-b o-kns t\mºv ]-cnjvicwtømsv FXn v {]I-Sn- n ImtXm-en- m -] w k`m- k- am-[m-\sø XpS p A -co- -Øn-emWv t\mºv ]-cn-jvim-c- Øn\v AwKo-Imcw \evin-b-xv. aq p -t\m-ºpw, IjvSm\p`-h -B-gvNbpw, hen-b- t\m-ºnse _p[-\m-gvn, sh n-bmgvn Znh-k-ßfpw Hgn- m ]mepw otcm-ev]- -ßfpw a yhpw D]-tbm-Kn- mw. Znh-kß-fpsS kwjy-bn am -an-. CXmWp t\mºp- kw-_- n eml-h- Øns Npcp- w. am Gen-bm- Nm- - taen ImtXm-en- m- _m-hm-bpss IØo- {U Bbn-cn- p-sa v 1966 am v HSp-hn ].- _mhm {]Jym-]\w snbvxp. ae- c Atkm-kn-tb-j amt\-pnwkv IΩn n sk{i- -dn-bmbn am v 24 mw XobXn ]n. kn. G{_lmw ]Sn- m-td- c sxc-s - Sp- -s - p. AXp-hsc C. sp. tpmk^v Bbn-cp p Cu al-\o-bÿm\w {]i-kvx-am-b- \n-e-bn hln- n-cp- -Xv. A p -t]sc ÿm\m n-i-fmbn sxc-s -SpØp F nepw aq pt] p am{xta taev] ÿm\w simsp- p- p p F Xocp-am\w k`-bn Atßm-f-an-tßmfw {]Xn-tj-[ -i_vzw Db Øn. kn\-unse Nne AwK-ß-fpsS \ne-]m-sn-t\msv FXn Øp \nev m am HutK _mhm apxn-cm-xn-cp- -Xp-sIm- mwv Cßs\ kw`-hn- -Xv. sndm-bn, aw ImSv ] n-i-fnse ti -piƒ Ah-km-\n- n- p- -Xn\v ImtXmen m- _m-hmbv p km[n- p. HcmgvN aw Im- p -]- n-bn Xma-kn- p-sim mwv ti p-iƒ cmpn-bm- n-b-xv. imco-cni oww- aqew ]pxp- - n-bnepw Ip - p-føpw FØn kam-[m-\ -ZuXyw \nd-th- m _mhmbv p Ign- n-. At ym-iym - -a-e- -ck-`m -_ w sa -s - -Xns\ XpS v At{]w B_q-Zn -d-ºms t\xr-xz-øn ae- -c-bn \n v Hcp Xo m-s-ikwlw ]m{xn-b okv _mhm-sbbpw kndn-bm-bnse ]e ] n-ifpw hnip \msp-ifpw kµ in- p-i-bp- m-bn HmKÃv 24- mw XobXn time-t -cn-bn h v HutK _m-hm-bm bqlm-t\m am tkthdn-tbm-kpw, txmakv am Xntam-Øn-tbm-kpw, ]oen-t mkv am sxtbm- ^n-temkpw sa{xm- m-cmbn hmgn- -s - p. k`-bpss hni-k-\-øns e Ww F mwv Cu sa{xm ÿm-\m-`n-tj-isø ]m{xn-b okv-_mhm A v hnti-jn- n- -Xv. XpS v bqlm-t\m am tkth-dntbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbv v sim n `{Zm-k-\-Øn-s bpw txmakv am Xotam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbv p ae-_m `{Zm-k-\-Øns bpw ]oen-t mkv am sxtbm-^n-temkv sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbv v A -amen `{Zm-k\Øns bpw Npa-Xe am HutK _mhm \evin. sim w CS-h-I-bpsS am txthm-tzm-kn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm HmKÃv 6 mw Xob-Xnbpw A -amen `{Zm-k-\m-[n-] Koh-dp-Kokv am {KotKm-dn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm \hw-_ 6 mw Xob-Xnbpw Imew snbvxxv am HutK _mhmsb ZpxJm Ø-\m- n. F m 1967 HSp-hn ]pxp- n hen-b-]- n-bn kam-[m\w ]p\x-ÿm-]n- Xpw sndn-b-] n ]q n tbip-iø-\m Xmt m ]n.- kn. G{_-lm-ans\ Gev]n- Xpw _mhmsb hf-sc-b-[niw kt m-jn- n- p. aqtdm Iq- Zmi 1967 Unkw-_ 21 - mw XobXn ]g-b- sk-an-\m-cn-bn h v HutK _mhm \n -ln- p. imco-cn-i-amb owsø ap \n Øn 1970 Unkw-_ 31 mw XobXn tim bw Fw. Un. skan-\m-cn-bn ae- c Atkm-kn-tbj hnfn- p-iq p-ibpw AhnsS XSn- p-iq-sn-bn-cp ae- -c-k-`-bnse F m sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-amcpw aqhm-bncw ] n-{]-xn-]p-cp-j- mcpw GI- I-WvT-ambn F m-hn-[-ønepw tbmky-\mb amxyqkv am AØm-\mkn-tbm-kns\ HutK _m-hm-bpss ]n Km-an-bm-bn -sx-c-s -Sp-Ø-

55 t mƒ _mhm-bpss Npa-X-em-`mcw Gsd- p-sd -e-lq-i-cn- -s -Sp-Ibp-am-Wp- m-b-xv. A sø Atkm-kn-tb-j-\n HutK _mhm snbvx D]-{I-a- {]kw-k-øn C{]-Imcw ]d- p: ""ImtXm-en- m-bpss ]n Km-an-bpsS Imcy-Øn sszh-\-s-øn v In m-\mbn sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-am ]cp-ae ]pwy-hm-fs k n-[n-bn A`bw {]m]n- p. Hcmƒ HgnsI _m nbp- -h-sc mw XymK-_p- n-tbmspiqsn- ]n- m-dn. At±-lhpw ]n m-dnbn-cp-s - n Imcyw \S- p-i-bn- m-bn-cp- p. CXv A\p-{K-l-I-chpw kt m-j-i-c-hp-amb Hcp kwk-xn-bm-wv. sszh-øn-\p -kvxpxn. amt\-pnwkv IΩn n AwK-ß-sfbpw GI-I-WvT-ambn sxc-s -Sp- p- -Xn kt m-j-ap- v. k`-tbm-sp kvt\lhpw hnip- - m-tcm- Sp BZ-chpw F m-hcpw {]I-Sn- n- -Xn kt m-j-ap- v. \n߃ k`sb c n- p-ibpw a p- -h-cpss apºmsi amxr-im- ]-c-ambn k m -\n-jvt-tbm-sp-iqsn Pohn- p-ibpw snø-ww. k`-bpss Nn -Iƒ A\p-k-cn v \oß-ww. Aßs\ snbvxm \nß-fpss IpSpw- _-ßfpw cmpy-hpw, k`bpw hnp-bn- pw. \n߃ k`-bpss kwc- - I-cmWv. \nß-fpss A]-am-\hpw _lp-am-\hpw k`-bpss A]-am-\hpw _lp-am-\-hp-am-wv. \n߃ kvt\l-tømspw kt m-j-tømspw {]h Øn v k`bv v alna ssih-cp-ø-ww.'' \n `m-ky-h-im k`m-a-fi-e-øn A`n-{]m-b-`n- -X-Iƒ Nne kr n Imcy-߃ t\csø {]kvxm-hn- n- p- -Xp-sIm v ChnsS hnh-cn- p- n-. Nne-cpsS kzm - Xm-ev]-cy-ß-fmWv k`sb Ie- n-b-sx v HutK _mhm ]e-hpcp ]d- n- p- v. AXoh ` \pw im -\p-am-bn-cp _mhmsb k`-bnse Akz-ÿ-X-Iƒ thz-\n- n- p. am txm-ωm-bpss ]utcm-ln-xyhpw knwlm-k-\hpw Nne ti{µß-fn hna i-\-hnt[-b-am-b-t mƒ HutK _mhm kzoi-cn Dd \ne]m-sp-sim- p-am{xw At±lw ae- -c-k-`-bnse i -\mb Hcp ImtXm-en m F t]cv Ncn-{X-Øn \ne-\n Øn-bn- p- v. _mhmsb ]m{xn-b okv aps- m km y-x-bp-s v Hcn- kµ `-h-im Adn- -t mƒ ""At±lw am txmωm- «o-lm-sb-t mepw aps- p-sa- mwp txm p- -sx v'' _mhm ]d- -txm p- p. k`-bpss \ne- \n-ev]ns\ tnmzyw snbvx-t mƒ k`-bv p-th n Hcp c -km- nbm-im t]mepw _mhm asn-im-wn- n-s - p- -XmWp kxyw. 12 ]ptcm-k-xnbpw hne-ßp-x-sn-ifpw HutK _mhm-bpss `c-w-im-eøv ae- -c- k-`-bn-ep- mb kam- [m-\-sø-øp-s v k` ]e cwk-ß-fnepw ]ptcm-k-an- p. time-t cn saun- an-j Bip-]-{Xn, sshzni timf-pv, ÃpU v sk dp- Iƒ, ]pxnb timf-pp-iƒ, sslkviqfpiƒ, A\m-Y -a-µn-c-߃ F nhsb mw k`m- k-am-[m-\-øns k -Xn-I-fm-Wv. F m A -amen XpS-ßnb Nne `{Zm-k-\-ß-fn Nne ] - mcpw t\xr-tam-ln-i-fmb Nne {]am-wn-ifpw a\x-]q w `n -X- Iƒ D m- p- -Xn\pw Bcpw CXp-h-scbpw \n -Nn- n- n- mø ""At ym-iym -hnizmk''øns t]cn km[m-c-w- m-cmb k`mw-kß-fpss hnim-c-ßsf NqjWw snøp- -Xn\pw \o -߃ Bcw-`n- p- I-gn- n-cp- p. sx mb {]Nm-c-W-߃ hgn sa{xm-t m-eo-ømsb A[nt -]n- p- -Xn\pw A\p-k-cn- m-xn-cn- p- -Xn\pw sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbpss Im IØn- p- -Xn\pw Ch Xøm-dm-bn. Ass{IkvX-h t]mepw snøm Ad-bv p Imcy-ß-fmWv Zpc-`n-am-\ -Xn-ancw _m[n A -am-en-bnse Nne {]am-wn-iƒ snbvx-sx v Ncn{Xw tcj-s -Sp-Øpw. kzm -tam-ln-i-fmb Hcp hn`m-k-amwv k`-bpss kam-[m\w \in- n- p- -sx pw sszhw Ah-tcmSp an- s F pap Nn -bmbn-cp p ].- Im-tXm-en- m- _m-hmsb `cn- -Xv. k`-bv p-th n I - \- -ßfpw a ±-\hpw G ].- Hu-tK _m-hmsb ""{Iqin '' tijw ho pw hnem- p-døp IpØn-b-h-cmWv A -am-en-bnse Nne {]am- Wn-I-sf p temi-saßpw a\- n-em- n. `n n- p-\n k`sb H n p `cn- p- -Xn\v ]. -Hu-tK _mhmbv v km[n- p. apºv `cn- -h s mw tami I\m tziw I -Xp-t]mse k`-bpss sfiyw ImWm Ign- -X- msx HutK _mhm-sbt mse Hcp sfiy-k-`sb Xmtem-en- m km[n- n-. tn m v Zoh- m-tkymkv Xncpta-\n-bp-tSbpw ]pen-t m- n Zoh- m-tkymkv Xncpta-\n-bp-sSbpw Ime-L- -Øn Bw n- hn`m-khpw am tøm-ωm- mcpw ]ncn p t]msb- n HutK ImtXm-en- m -_m-hm-bpss ImeØv `n n- p-\n -h H n- p-h v Ncn{Xw kr n- p. Aßs\

56 ]ptcm-k-xn-bn-te v \oßn-s m- n-cp k`m-h- nsb It m-e-ß-ƒ Cf- n-hn v h n- -h-tcmsv sszhw s]mdp- -pi-bn-s - p A`n-{]mb-amWv ImtXm-en- m -_m-hmsb `cn- -Xv. C y-bpss At m-kvx-e- \mb am txm-ωm «olmbv v ] w Cs pw At±lw Hcp Assh-Zn- I-\m-bn-cp- p-sh- p-ap ]m{xn-b okv _m-hm-bpss Ip{]-kn- amb se 203- mw \º Iev]\ (IØ- ) ]mep simsp-øp- h- f Ønb Ip n\p hnjw- sim-spø {]Xo-Xn-bmWp ae- -c-bn kr n- -Xv. am txm-ωm-sb- - n-bp Cu sszh-im-kv{x -hn-cp- -amb Nn m- KXn HutK _mhmsb h msx thz-\n- n- p. ]m{xn-b o-kv -_mhm thz-hn-]-co-xn-bm-bn-t m-ip- -Xn At±lw lrz-bw- s\m p k Ss - p. am txmωmsb n IqSp-X ]Tn- p- -Xn\pw At±-l-sØ-t mse ASn-bp-d sszh-hn-izmkw B n- p- -Xn\pw ]m{xn-b o-kns am txm-ωm- hn-cp \o w ae- -c-bn-ep- -hsc t{]cn- n- p. am txm- Ωm-«o-lm-bpsS ]søm ]Xmw Nc-a -i-xm_vzn tim -b-øp -h v AXn- Kw`o-c-ambn sim m-sp- -Xn\pw km[n- p. tim bw Fw. Un. skan- \m-cn-bn XSn- p-iq-snb a\p-jy-a-lm-k-ap-{zsø A`n-kw-t_m-[-\ - sn-bvxp-sim v ]. -Hu-tK _mhm snbvx DZvLm-S-\ -{]-kw-k-øn C{]-Imcw ]d- p: ""ss{ikvx-h-k` hnzq-c-amb `mc-x-øn ÿm]n- p-i -am-{x-a, \ΩpsS I Ømhv At m-kvx-e- m p \evinb A\p-{K-l-I-chpw ]pwy-i-c-hp-amb ]utcm-lnxyw Xrss - IƒsIm v ae- -c-bpss a ƒ p \evin-s m v am txm-ωm-«olm ae- -c- \-{km-wn-i-fpss ÿm\hpw am\hpw k`m-n-cn-{x-øn Db Øp-I-bp-am-bn-cp- p. ss{ikvx-h-a-x-øns ti{µ-ß-fmbn Adnb-s -Sp F m ]m m-xy- tz-i-ß-sf- mfpw Nne ]uckvxy tziß-sf- mfpw apºmbn kxy-hn-izmk-øn-s bpw t{ijvt -]u-tcm-ln- Xy-Øn-s bpw hgn-ømc sxfn- p-x Cu ]pwy- ]n-xm-hn-s\ kvacn- p-tºmƒ \ΩpsS BÀmZw AXn-cp-I-hn-bpw, A`n-am\w Db-cpw. \ΩpsS i n-bp-ssbpw Bth-i-Øn-s bpw ASn-ÿm-\-amWv am txm- Ωm -«o-lm.'' am txm-ωm -«o-lm-bpss c -km- n-xz-øns 19- mw ixm-_vznsim m-snb h j-amwv 14 sim w tbmpn- p-\n- -tijw amt\-pnwkv IΩn- n-bnse Nne am\y- m am txm-ωm-bpss t]cpw ]d v t\xr- Xz-Øn-\p-th n amt\-pnwkv IΩn- n -tbm-k-øn \n pw AXp hgn ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bn \n pw kzbw Cd-ßn-t m-b-xv. k`bpss D -X-amb `c-w-k-an-xn-bpss {]m[m-\ytam B ym-fln-i- Pohn-X-Øns k t{]-c-w-itfm Dƒs m- m Ign-bm-sX-t]mb Hcp \yq\-] w Ip{]-kn- n -t\sn k`-bn Ielw D m- m snbvx Hcp ]mgvth-e-bm-bn-cp p Cu thm u-s v ]n osp \S kw`-h߃ km n- p. am txm-ωm-bpss ]mc-º-cy-øn A`n-am-\-t_m-[- an- m-ø-h-cpss Cu thm u- n ImX-emb bmsxmcp {]iv\hpw ASßn-bn- n-s - p kxyw Nn m-i- n-bp- -hsc ]d v [cn- n-t Bh-iy-hp-an-. ae- c k`m- `-c-w-l-s\ AwKo-I-cn- -s -Sp- -Xn-\papºv ]m-{xn-b o-kv-_mhmbv v ae- -c -k-`-bp-ss -ta D m-bn-cnt A[n-Im-c-mh-Im-i-ß-sf-s m n X -ßfpw hyh-lm-c-ßfpw \S- n- p- v. Ah-sbm pw am txm-ωm -«o-lm-bpss knwlm-k-\sø Hcn- epw kv] in- n-cp- pan. ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-amsc am txm- Ωm-bpsS knwlm-k-\-øn hmw-cp-fp tae- y- - m-cmbn kwt_m-[\ snbvxn- p Iev]-\-Iƒ ]m{xn-b o-kp-am Ab- n- p- Xv Ncn-{X-tc-J-I-fm-Wv. AXp-sIm v As ßpw Bcp-sSbpw a\- n C m-xn-cp Hcp hnhm-z-{]iv\w, 1958 apx Kuc-h-a ln- p bmsxmcp `n -Xbpw C m-xn-cp k`-bn D -bn v k`sb \in- n- m {ian- -h Hcn- ] m-ø-]n-t n hcp-sa- mwv ss{ikvxh-k-`-bpss Ncn{Xw ]Tn- n- p Hcp ]mtw.

57 ]m{xn-b o-kns m\-øn\v CXp- axn am txmωm -«olmbpss ] w Xncn-s -Sp-Øp-sIm v mw \º Iev]\ Ab bm q_v XrXo-b ]m{xn-b o-kns m\-øn-\p-th n ].- Hu-tK {]Y-a _mhm Ab- p-sim-spø adp-]-sn-bpss {]m[m\yw a\- n-em- p- -Xn\v sszh-imkv{x hn m\cln-x-s\ p txm p-amdv bm q_v XrXo-b ]m{xnb okv Ab Iev]\ IqSn-tN p-i-bmwv. ae- -c-bn h v thzhn-]-co-x-ßfpw I -ßfpw Fgps n- p- -Xv Hcp `qj-w-ambn Nne Nn n- p-ibpw Adn-hn- mø Chn-SpsØ Hcp ] w Ip m-sp-iƒ AXn\v Hmim-\- ]m-sp-ibpw snøp- Xv CXm-Zy-a-. ( tim bw Pn m-t m-s-xn-bn \S kap-zm-b-t kv hnnmc-w- th-f-bn A_vZ a-inlm ]m{xn-b o-kns\ kp l-tzm-kv -IqSn aps n F p ]d-bp Iev]\ sxfn-hm-bn -\ Im a -\n- c Zb-dm-bn h v am bqen-tbmkv sa{xm-t meoøm B Iev]\ Fgp-Xp- Xv t\cn p I -Xns\ XpS mwv Ahn- SpsØ aev]m-\pw temi-{]-ikvx sszh-im-kv{x- -\p-am-b dh. - tum. hn. kn. kmap-h ]m{xnb okv hn`m-k-tøm-sp -hn-s-hm-ßn-bsx v A s {]i-kvx-amb ""kzm\p`h thzn-bn '' F BflIYbn Bte-J\w snbvxn- p- v. Cßs\ ] m- -I taev]- - m I w- Im-Wn- p- Xp I m BcmWv AXn\p Iq p\n p-i) am txm-ωm- «o-lm-bpss ]utcm-ln-xysø kw_- n v ]m{xn-b okv _mhmbpss IØv Syrian Patriarcate of Antioch and all the East Damascus - Syria No. 203/70 (ap{z) _lp-am-\-]q Æ-\mb HutK {]Y-a ]uckvxy ImtXm-en- mbmb \ΩpsS ktlm-z-cs t{ijvt-x-bv v. kmtlm-zcy Npw_-\-Øn\pw _lp-am-\y-\mb Aß-bpsS t amt\z-j-w-øn\pw tijw ]d-bp- -sx-s - m. Aß-bpsS Fgp-Øn\v hfsc \mfp-iƒ p -apºv am tømωm-bpss knwlm-k\w F Xe-hm-N-I-Øn Fgp-Xn-bn- p- -Xmbn Hcp IØv \mw hmbn v hfsc A p-x-s - p. \memw \q m- n ImtXm-en- mÿm]\w D m-bxp apx Cu \maw ImtXm-en- m-am-cntem a{]nbm-\m-am-cnsem Bcpw D]-tbm-Kn- n- n m F -XmWv Imcyw. c m-a- Xmbn am tøm-ωm- «o-lm-bpss knwlm-k\w F p ]d-b-s -S-Ø- -hn-[-øn, am tøm-ωm -«olm GsX- nepw Hcp knwlm-k\w ÿm]n- n-t -bn-. bqlm-t\ms Gh tk-en-tbm-\n \n pw (20:21-24) hy -am-ip {]Imcw At±lw Hcp ]ptcm-ln-x-\m-bn- n- m-bn-cp- p. Hcp ]ptcm-ln-x t]mepw BIm-Xn-cns Fßs\ alm-]p-tcmln-x-\m-bn. Hcp alm-]p-tcm-ln-x A m-xn-cns Fßs\ knwlmk\w ÿm]n- p. AXp-sIm v ]q hni Ncn-{X-Im-c- m-cn-emcpw Xs At±lw Bscbpw F n-kvtim m Bbn- ] w si n-b-xmtbm ImtXmen- m -knw-lm-k\w ÿm]n- -Xmtbm {]kvxm-hn- n- n-.... \ΩpsS ss«lni Bio hm-z-߃ hm ey sa{xm-t m-eo-ø- m pw \ΩpsS a -fmb sshzn-i pw Ahn-sS-bp P\-Øn\pw \ Ip-I. ]m{xn-b m Ac-a-\mw-K-߃ Aß-bpsS ssi Npw_n- p-ibpw {]m -\-Isf Bt«-jn- p-ibpw snøp- p. Ch ChnsS Ah-km-\n- s. I Øm-hns Ir] Aß-tbm-Sp-Iq-sS. ZakvtImkv (a-e-bmfw hnh Ø-\w) ImtXm-en- m -_m-hm-bpss adp-]sn (ap-{z) No. 155/70 At ym-iym-bp-ssbpw Ing-s m-s -bp-ssbpw `mky-hm-\mb tamdm am C m-øn-tbmkv bm q_v XrXo-b ]m{xn-b okv _mhm Xncp-a-\- nse ]cn-ip- -X-bv v. Xncp-a-\- nse Ipi-em-t\z-j-W-Øn\pw t am-iw-kbv pw tijw Adn-bn- p- -Xv:-

58 Ign Ab Xncp-a-\- nse IØv e`n- p. AXnse Xmev]-cy-{]-Imcw \ΩpsS _. sa{xm-t m-eo-ø- m-scbpw {][m-\-s Nne I»o-i- m-scbpw hnh-c-߃ Adn-bn- p. CXn Ah-sc- m-hcpw hfsc A p-x-s -Sp-Ibpw G hpw ZpxJn- p-ibpw snbvxp. am tømωm-«o-lm-bpss ]utcm-ln-xyw, knwlm-k-\w, ImtXm-en-t - ns A[n-Imcw Chsb kw_- n- p Xncp-a-\- nse IØnse {]kvxm-h\ kxy-øn\pw k`m-hn-izm-k-øn\pw tbmpn- m-ø-xpw, ]nxm- - m-cpss Ncn-{X-Øn\pw Imt\m-\m-Iƒ pw FXn-cp-am-sW- pw, X \nanøw Ah Hcn- epw kzoim-cy-ß-f-s - pw, {]Xn-tj-[m lß-fm-sw- p-amwv ChnsS F m-h-cp-ssbpw A`n-{]mbw. CtX- n ChnsS IqSnb kn\uv \n -bn- -X\p-k-cn v AXns sk{i- dn hni- Z-ambn Xncp-a-\- n-te v ]n osv Fgp-Xp- -Xm-Wv. ]. k`sb Ie- p- -Xn\pw \in- n- p- -Xn\pw A n {InkvXp B{K-ln- p- -Xns ^e-ambn ax-]-c-amb Pohn-Xtam hnizm-ktam C m-ø-hcpw k`-bpss XXz-ßsf kw_- n v ]cn- m-\-an- m-øh-cp-amb Npcp w Nne hg- m-fn-iƒ am{xw CuZri -kw-k-xn-i-fn Xev]-c- m-cmbn D m-tb- mw. F mepw k`-bnse `qcn-] w P\- ߃ pw CXv hfsc k -S-Im-c-W-am-bn-cn- p- p. \ΩpsS ap Kman Imew snbvx tamdm am _t -en-tbmkv Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b ImtXm-en- m -_m-hm-bpss ImeØv Cuhn[ kwk-xn-i-sf- p-dn v Ahn-Sp v Fgp-Xn-bn-cp- -Xmbpw A v kap-nn- X-amb adp-]sn AXn\p \ In-b-Xmbpw Adn-bp- p. IqSp-X-embn X mew \mw H pw Fgp-Xp- n-. ]m{xn-b m knwlm-k-\hpw Im-tXm-en m knwlm-k-\hpw XΩn Imt\m-\n-I-ambpw ae- -c-k`m `c-w-l-s\ {]Im-chpw D sfiy-_ w G - p-d- n IqSmsX kwc- n- -s p Im m R߃ F m-hcpw B{K-ln- p- p. ]. am tøm-ωm -«o-lm-bm ÿm]n-x-sa p R߃ A`n-am-\n- p ]uckvxy Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`-sb- p-dn- p Rß-fpsS A`n-{]mb-߃ Ahn-Sp v ]p\xnn \w snøp-sa v R߃ {]Xo- n- p- p. Aß-bpsS m\-øn\v CXp- a-xn.-rm hm p-iƒ Npcp- p- I-bm-Wv. sszhw Atßbv v Zo Lm-bp pw Bfl-i-coc kujyhpw Ahn- SpsØ A[n-Im-c-Øn Iogn-ep _. sa{xm-t m-eo-ø- m pw Iio-»- m pw hnizm-k-ap P\-Øn\pw kam-[m-\hpw t ahpw \evis F p {]m n- p- p. Chn-sS-bp _.- sa-{xm-t m-eo-ø- mcpw Iio-»- mcpw hnizm-kn-i-fmb P\-ßfpw Xr cw apøp-ibpw Aß-bpsS ip{iq-j-i v t aw t\cp-ibpw snøp- p. Catholicate palace Kottayam - 4, Ipdn v: Baselius Augen I Catholicos of the East bm q_v XrXo-b ]m{xn-b okv _mhm-bpss Sn mw \º Iev]-\-bn hn. tbml- ms kphn-tijw (20:21-24) B[m-c-ambn tn Øn- p- v. AtXm-Sp-IqSn hn. aøm-bn-bpss 10:5 10 hsc H p hmbn- p-i. Cu I ]\ Fgp-Xnb ]. ]m{xn-b okv _mhm Xs dºm-\m-bn-cp ImeØv Fgp-Xnb k`m-n-cn-{x-øn txmωm-«o-lmsb- n ]d-bp- Xv Fs v H p t\m p-i (kp-dn-bm\n k`m-ncn{xw, t]pv 149). "F. Un se hk ImeØv a p injy- m-tcm- Sp-IqsS hn. txmωm, «olm ÿm\-tø v Db Ø-s - p (t]pv 164). "ae- -c-bn kphn-tij hnøv hnx- -Xn-\p-tijw Cu _me-k-`sb `cn- m, i -c-]p-cn, ]I-tem-a- w, I n, Imfn-bm- F o {InkvXpam w kzoi-cn \mep {_m W IpSpw-_-ß-fn \n v At±lw kv\m\w simspøv ] - msc G s -Sp-Øn.' CXn \n pw am tømωm alm]ptcm-ln-x Bbn-cp p F v A v ]m{xnb okv _mhmbpw kω-xn- n-cp p F v kv] -at? alm-]p-tcmln-x As - n Fßs\ ] - msc hmgn- m km[n pw? ]m{xnb okv _mhm Fgp-Xnb Ncn-{X-Øn Xs am txmωm alm-]ptcm-ln-x-\m-bn-cp p F p tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p- p se Iev]- \-bn IØ-\m t]mepw Bbn-cp- n F pw ]d-bp- p. ae- -c-k- `-bnse P\-߃ CXn GXp hnizkn- -Ww.

59 A\-[n-Ir-X -sa-{xm- m p i -amb \ntcm-[-\m ae c-k-`-bpss Adnthm AwKo-Im-ctam C msx cl-ky-ambn sa{xm ÿm\w G p-h \mep -t] v ].- Hu-tK _mhm Ab psimspø \ntcm-[-\m kw_- n Iev]-\-Ifpw ImtXmen m knwlm-k\ kwc- Ww kw_- n Iev]-\bpw k`mw-kß-fpss A\p-kva-c-Wm w NphsS tn p- p. ae- c k` At ym- Iy k`-bpss `mktam imjtbm As p ]fin-txm-nn-x-amb Xoknkv ka n IS-hn ]ueqkv am AØ-m\m-tkym-kmWv ]m{xn-b o-kn \n p hf am -Øn-eqsS ae- -c-bnse taev]- - m-c-\m-im B{K-ln- Xv. s]cp-º n Koh-dp-Kokv IØ-\mcpw, sndp-h n kn.- Fw. txmakv IØ-\mcpw ta{]m ]qxn-tbm v ]mbvi- -Øn tpm v Ipcy IØ-\mcpw X߃ B{K-ln- -Xp-t]mse Xot_ens sa{xm- m-cmbn. Ch-cn aq p t]cpw sshimsx cq]x Xncn- mø AXn-cq]-X-bn-te p t]mbn- -gn p. A\-[n-Ir-X-ambn ] -ta p- -hsc ""Nph Ip mbw C - ssa Ip- n-iƒ'' F v apsºm-cn- Nnd-Ø-em v kn. hn. tpm Pv tim F n-kvtim m hntijn- n- Xv Cu kµ `-Øn Hm Ω-bn hcp p. kzb-ÿn-x\pw BZy- -an- m-ø-h\pw kmcmw-i-k-ºq Æ\pw Bb {XntbI sszh-øns Xncp-\m-a-Øn (X-\n p kvxpxn) am txmωm-«o-lm-bpss knwlm-k-\-øn-t Bcq-V-\m-bn-cn- p s]uckvxy ImtXm-en- mbpw ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbpw Bb _t -en-tbmkv HutK {]Y-a (ap{z)... {]nb-sc, IS-hn t]mƒ dºm At ymjym ]m{xn-b okv _mhmbn \n p taev] w G hnhcw \n߃ ]{X-dn-t m p-i-fn \n pw a pw Adn- n-cn- p-a-t m. ae- ck`-bnse Hcp Zb-dmb ] - m-c k`-bpss `c-w-l-s-\bpw N w-si- p-ifpw ewln v taev] w Gev m ]m{xn-b okv _mhmsb kao-]n- p-ibpw ]m{xn-b okv _mhm A{]-Imcw taev] w simsp- p-ibpw snbvx-xn \ap v hfsc A[nIw ZpxJ-ap v. ae- ck`-bn \ne-hn-en-cn- p `c-w-l- S\bv v hncp- -ambn ]m{xn-b okv _mhm t\cn v taev]- - msc hmgn v ae- -c-bn-te v Ab-bv m ]cn-{i-a-߃ \S- p- -Xmbn Adnbp-I-bm 1973 tabv 25 - mw XobXn IqSnb ae- c Atkm-tky-j amt\-pnwkv IΩ-n n, Aßs\ taev]- - msc hmgn v ae- ck`-bp-ambp _ w kzta-[bm hnt -Zn- -cp-sx v ]m{xn-b okv _mhmtbmsv At]- n- p. k`-bpss Imt\m-\m-Iƒ pw `c-w-l-s\bv pw D mb kam-[m\ hyh-ÿbv pw FXn-cmbn taev]- - msc hmgn v ae- -c-bn-te v Ab-bv -cp-sx v 1973 BKÃv 7 \p ]m{xnb okv _mhmbv v \mapw Fgp-Xn. amt\-pnw-kv IΩn- n-bpss \n - bhpw \ΩpsS FgpØpw Ah-K-Wn- mwv ]m{xn-b okv _mhm t]mƒ dºm\p taev] w simsp-ø-xv. \ΩpsS F n-kvtim- kp l-tzmkv Cu amkw 11- \p IqSn-b-t mƒ, \nb-a-hn-cp- -amb Cu ] wsims Imcy-sØ- n Btem-Nn- p-ibpw Xmsg tn Øn- p \n - b-߃ GIm-`n-{]m-b-ambn ]m m- p-ibpw snbvxp. 1) ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpss `c-w-l-s-\bv pw At ymjym ]m{xn-b okpw ]uckvxy ImtXm-en- mbpw XΩn D mb ]c-kv]c kzoi-c-w-øn\pw k`-bpss N wsi p- Iƒ pw \S-]-Sn-Iƒ pw hncp- ambpw A\-[n-Ir-X-ambpw ae- c Atkm-tky-j amt\-pnwkv IΩn n-bpss se 14 - iii mw \º Xocp-am-\hpw ]uckvxy ImtXm-en m _mhm-bpss 1973 BKÃv 7 mw Xob-Xn-bnse 272/73- mw \º Adn-bn pw Ah-K-Wn v ImtXm-en- m-bp-ssbpw ae- -c -sa-{xm-t m-eo-øm-bp-ssbpw A[n-Im-cko-a-bn `c-w-im-cy-ß-fn CS-s]-Sm-\p Dt±-iytØm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw Cu k`-bnse Hcp Zb-dmb ] - m-c-\mb IS-hn t]mƒ dºms\ At ymjym ]m{xn-b okv _mhm Hcp taev]- - m-c-\mbn hmgn- - Xn Cu kp -l-tzm-kn-\p D -WvTbpw {]Xn-tj-[hpw tcjs -Sp-Øp-Ibpw A{]-Imcw hmgn- -s IS-hn ]utemkv am AØm\m-tkym-kn\v ImtXm-en- m-bp-ssbpw ae- -c -sa-{xm-t m-eo-øm-bpssbpw A[nImc-ko-a-bn taev]- - m-c\v ASpØ bmsxmcp A[n- Im-c-ßtfm Ah-Im-i-ßtfm D m-bn-cn- p- -X-s v Cu kp -ltzmkv {]Jym-]n- p-ibpw snøp- p. 2) ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpss `c-w-l-s-\bv pw k`m \S-]-Sn-Iƒ pw N w-si- p-iƒ pw hncp- -ambpw k`-bpss tae- [n-im-csø [n -cn pw k`-bn `n n pw Ie-lhpw D m- p-hm-

60 \p Dt±-iy-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw A\-[n-Ir-X-ambpw \nb-a-hn-cp- -ambpw At ymiym ]m{xn-b okv _mhm-bn \n pw taev] w kzoi-cn- n-cn- p IS-hn ]ueqkv am AØm-\m-tkym-kv, Cu k`-bnse GsX- nepw ] n-i-fntem ÿm]-\-ß-fntem {]th-in- p-itbm taev]- - m-c-\-spø GsX- nepw {]hr-øn-iƒ snøp-itbm Npa-Xe-Iƒ \n h-ln- p-itbm snbvxp-iq-sm-øxpw k`mw-k-߃ At±lsØ AwKo-I-cn- p-itbm kzoi-cn- p-itbm snbvxp-iq-sm-øxpw BIp- p F v Cu kp -l-tzmkv Xocp-am-\n- p- p. \n߃ Ghcpw ]cn. kp -l-tzmkv ]m m- nb ta ]d \n -b-߃ A\p-k-cn v \S- p-sim-t - -Xm-Ip- p. ]m{xn-b okv _mhm ]uckvxy ImtXm-en m knwlm-k-\- Øn Iogn-ep ae- -c-bn-te v Hcp Uen-tK- ns\ hmgn v Ab- - Xp-aqew D mb X -ßfpw `n -X-Ifpw Uen-tK v Xncn- p-t]m-btxm-sp-iqsn Ah-km-\n- p-sa p {]Xo- n- n-cp- -t mƒ, ae- -c-k-`bnse Hcp Zbdm ] - m-cs\ ]m{xn-b okv _mhm taev]- - m-c- \mbn hmgn- Xv \S ]c-kv]c kzoi-c-wsø XpS v ssih kam-[m\w A`wKw \ne-\n- p- Im- m B{K-ln- p- h s mw thz-\m-p-\-i-am-wv. B ]c-kv]c kzoi-c-w-øn A[njvTn-X-amb XXzw hnkva-cn- p- Xv \oxn-i-cn- m-hp- -X-. A v D mb kam-[m\w AtX-]Sn imiz-x-ambn \ne-\n Øp- -Xn\v sszhw Xncp-a-\- m-im \mw {]m n- p- p. \nßfpw {]m n- - Ww. tijw ]n m-se. k h-i- -\mb sszh-øns Ir]bpw A\p-{K-l-ßfpw \n߃ F m-h-tcm-spw-iqss kzm h n- n-cn- p-am-dm-i-s. BbXv sszh-am- Xm-hmb hnip I\y-I- a-dn-bm-an-s bpw C Uy-bpsS Imh ]n-xmhmb am txmωm -«o-lm-bp-ss-bpw, tij-ap kie ip n-am- m-cpssbpw ip n-a-xn-i-fp-ssbpw {]m -\-I-fm X-s. BΩo. BIm-i-Øn-ep Rß-fpsS _mhm...cxymzn F v, 1973 sk]v w-_ 15 - mw XobXn tim bw ImtXm-en-t v Ac-a-\-bn \n pw. (H v) \º 80/74 {]nb-sc, \ΩpsS s]cp-ºn n sk v tpm v ] n hnimcn Bbn-cp ]n. Fw. Koh Kokv IØ-\m-cpw, ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kndn-b N v saun- anj tlmkv]n- (tim-e-t -cn) Hm K-ss\-knwKv sk{i- dn Bbn-cp kn. Fw. txmakv IØ-\mcpw At ymjym ]m{xn-b o-kn \n v sa{xm ] w Gev m t]mip- -Xmbn tiƒ p-i-bm, \ΩpsS k`-bn \ne-hn-ep N w-si- p-ifpw \S pw ewln v A{]-Imcw ] w Gev p- Xv Ip -I-c-am-sW pw AXpsIm v Aßs\ snø-cp-sx pw \mw 1974 P\p-hcn 31- mw XobXn ]n. Fw. Koh-dp-Kokv IØ-\m v 29/74 - mw \º-cmbpw kn. Fw. txmakv IØ-\m v 30/74- mw \º-cmbpw Iev]\ Ab- p. F m Ah \sω [n -cn- p-i-bpw, At ymjym ]m{xn-b o-kn \n v sa{xm ] w Gev m t]mip- -Xn\p \n -bn- n-cn- p-i-bm-sw pw a pw hnh-cn v h o apjm- cw \ap p adp-]sn Ab- n- p-ibpw ]n osv ]m{xn-b o-kn \n v sa{xm ] w Gev p-ibpw snbvxp. \ΩpsS ae- c F n-kvtim- kp -l-tzmkv 1974 am v 4 mw XobXn IqSn Ah-cpsS Cu \S-]-Sn-I-sf- n Btem-Nn- -Xn, Ah ae- -c-bn \ne-hn-ep N w-si- p-ifpw \S pw ewln- p-ibpw tae- [n-im-c-øn \n p B sb [n -cn- p-ibpw snbvxn-cn- p- - Xmbn ImWp-I-bm, Ah Ccp- n-cp ÿm\-ß-fn-te p ho pw {]th-in- p-itbm \ΩpsS k`-bnse GsX- nepw ] n-i-fntem ÿm]-\-ß-fntem Ah-bpsS `c-w-øntem {]th-in- p-itbm I Ω߃ \S-Øp-I-tbm, kan-xn-i-fntem kwl-s-\-i-fntem {]ÿm-\-ßfntem Fs - nepw ÿm\-ßtfm Npa-X-e-Itfm hln- p-itbm snøp- -Xns\ \ntcm-[n- n-cn- p- p. k`mw-k-߃ Ahsc kzoi-cn- p- Itbm Ah-cp-ambn kl-i-cn- p-itbm snbvxp IqSm-Ø-Xm-Ip- p. tijw ]n m-se am v 8 mw XobXn tim bw ImtXm-en-t v Ac-a-\-bn \n v. \º 271/74 {]nb-sc, \ΩpsS `c-w-øn Ccn- p ta{]m sk v tpm Pv ] n hnimcn Bbn-cp ]qxn-tbm v ]mbvi -Øn tpm v Ipcy IØ-\m \sω Adn-bn- p-itbm \ΩpsS A\p-hmZw hmßn- p-itbm snømsx ÿew-hn-sp-ibpw \ΩpsS k`-bpss \nb-a-ßfpw \S-]-Sn- Ifpw ewln pw \sω [n -cn pw At ymjym ]m{xn-b o-kn

61 \n v taev] w G p Xncn- p-h-cn-ibpw At±-l-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn D mb tikn At±lw Hcp sa{xm-t m-eoøm F \ne-bn ae- -c-k-`bn {]h Øn- -cp-sx v \ntcm-[\w D m-ibpw snbvxn- p- v. At±lw \ΩpsS GsX- nepw ] n-i-fn-tem, ÿm]-\-ß-fntem {]th-in- p-itbm I Ω-߃ \S-Øp-Itbm snøp- Xv A\p-h-Z-\ob-a- m-ø-xn-\m At±-lsØ \ΩpsS ] n-i-fn-tem, ÿm]-\-ßfntem {]th-in- n- p-itbm \ΩpsS k`mw-k-߃ At±-lsØ kzoicn- p-itbm At±-l-hp-ambn kl-i-cn- p-itbm snbvxp-iq-sm-ø-xm- Ip- p. tijw ]n m-se sk]v w-_ 13 mw XobXn tim bw ImtXm-en-t v Ac-a-\- bn \n pw. ImtXm-en m knwlm-k-\sø kwc- n- pi {]nb-sc, Xn -bp-ssbpw ac-w-øn-s bpw k i n-i-tfbpw XI ØpsIm v I_-dn \n- p-bn sø-gp-t - -h-\mb \ΩpsS I Øm-hmb tbip-an-in-lm-bpss kam-[m\w \nßfpss lrz-b-ßsf B\-µn- n- s. kie Xn -bn \n pw tcmk-øn \n pw im]-øn \n pw \ΩpsS I Øm-hns Pb-ap o_m \nßsf ImØp c n- pam-dm-i-s. c m-bncw h j-tømfw \ΩpsS k`sb ImØp c n v kie {]Xn-k- -ni-fnepw \ΩpsS klm-bhpw c -bp-am-bn-cp v C -tbmfw \sω \S-Ønb sszhw-x-ºp-cm \ΩpsS k`sb Xs c m-asø Fgp-s - -Øp-hsc \S-Øn-s m- p-sa v \ap v Dd- p- v. temiw apgp-h\pw \S-am-Sp A -Im-c-Øn-s bpw Xn -bp-tsbpw i n-iƒ \ΩpsS k`-bnepw {]th-in v {]iv\-ßfpw {]bm-k-ßfpw kr n psim- n-cn- p-i-bm-w-t m. Cub-h-k-c-Øn sszh-øns Icp-Wbnepw Ir]-bnepw B{i-bn- p-sim v \oxn pw kxy-øn\pw tbmpn- -hn-[-øn \mw {]iv\-ßsf ss[cy-]q w A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t - Xv AXym-h-iy-amWv se kp{]ow-tim-sxn hn[n-tbmss \ΩpsS hyh-lm-c-ßfpw timsxn- -I-b- hpw Ah-km-\n v kam-[m-\-]-c-amb {]h Ø-\-߃ pth n \ΩpsS Ign-hp-Isf \mw D]-tbm-Kn- p-sim- n-cn- p-i-bm-bncp p. F m A\-[n-Ir-X-ambpw A\ym-bambpw k`-bn Nne snøp {]h Ø-\-ßsf th pw-hn[w t\cn v k`-bpss hnizm-ktøbpw Bflob ip{iq-j-i-tfbpw kwc- n- p- -Xn-\mbn ho pw \oxn-\ym-b-t m-s-xn-isf kao-]n-t n hcp- -Xn \ap-s - mh pw AXy w tjz-ap- v. ImtXmen m knwlm-k-\-øns kwc- -W-Øn\pw k`m-xm-ev]- cy-ß-fpss ]cn-]m-e-\-øn\pw th n \mw hf-sc-b-[niw DW p {]h Øn-t - -Xm-bn- m-wn-cn- p- -Xv. AXn-\p-th n \mw Nne IΩn- n-isf \nb-an v Npa-X-e-s -SpØn {]h Ø-\-߃ Bcw-`n- n-cn- p Imcyw \n߃ -dn-bm-hp- -Xm-W-t m. CuhI- {]-h Ø-\-߃ v hf-sc-b-[niw ]W-s -e-hp- v. CtXm-SIw henb Hcp XpI sne-hmbn- -gn p. C\nbpw hºn Hcp kwjy ]ncn- p-in- n-sb- n am{xta Imcy-߃ aptºm p t]mhp-i-bp- p. AXn\v \n߃ DZm-c- _p- n-tbm-spw, XymK-io-e-tØmSpw IqSn kw`m-h\ snbvsx- n am{xta km[n- q. Hcn- am{x-a-, ]e {]mh-iyw, \nß-fpss Iøb v k`m-kvt\-lhpw Ign-hpw-t]mse \n߃ k`sb klm-bn-t - n-h-cpw. "ImtXm-en m knwlm-k-\ -kw-c- -W-\n[n' F t]cn 25 e w cq]-bpss Hcp ^ v tij-cn- -W-sa Imcyw Ign ImtXmen- m-zn\-øn {]Jym-]n -s - -Xm-W-t m. DSs\ 5 e w cq]sb- nepw D m-i-ww. AXp-sIm v B ] n-bn \n v... I. kwc- W\n[n-bpsS {Sj-dm ]n. kn. G{_-lm-ans t] v ImtXm-ent v B o-kv, tim bw- 4 F hnem-k-øn Ab- p-sim-sp- - W-sa v \nß-fpss kvt\l-tømsv \mw Xmev]-cy-s -Sp- p. \n߃ k`-bv p-th n i n-bmbpw ap n- mbpw {]m n- -Ww. \mw kacw snø-p Xv PU-c- -ß-tfm-S, A -Im-c-Øns ss]im- NnI i n-i-tfmspw hmgvn-i-tfm-sp-am-wv. hnizm-khpw sszhm-{i-bhpw t\mºpw {]m -\-bpw-sim p am{xta Ah-km-\-ambn hnpbw hcn- p-hm km[n- p-i-bp p. \nß-fpss {]m -\ sszhw tiƒ s. sszhw \nßsf A\p-{K-ln- s tijw ]n m-se. k h-i- -\mb sszh-øns Ir]bpw A\p-{K-l-ßfpw \n߃ F m-h-tcm-spw-iqss kzm h n- n-cn- p-am-dm-i-s. BbXv sszh-am- Xm-hmb hnip I\y-I- a-dn-bm-an-s bpw C Uy-bpsS Imh ]n-xmhmb am txmωm -«o-lm-bp-ss-bpw, tij-ap kie ip n-am- m-cpssbpw ip n-a-xn-i-fp-ssbpw {]m -\-I-fm X-s. BΩo. BIm-i-Øn-ep Rß-fpsS _mhm sabv 1 - mw XobXn tim bw ImtXm-en-t v Ac-a-\-bn \n pw. F v, (H v)

62 `mky-hm-\mbn IS- p-t]mbn k`m`-c-w-øn Nne {]iv\-߃, Xs Aev]-sams Ae- p- Itbm Akz-ÿ-\m- p-itbm snbvxn- p-s - nepw {]im- -amb Hcp Pohn-X-km-bm- -Øn-eq-sS-bmWv HutK ImtXm-en- m- _mhm IS- p-t]m-bxv. Hm w XnI- v, hnizmkw ImØv \oxn-bpss IncoSw {]m]n- m ]d- p-t]mb ]pwym-flm- -fpss \nc-bn HutK _mhmbv pw Hcp ÿm\-ap- m-bn-cn- pw. k`-bpss `c-wsø kw_- n- n-s-tømfw ]n Km-an-bpsS kpi- -I-c-߃ am HutK _mhmsb kwxr-]vx-\m- n-bn-cp p. {]mbm-[niyw aqe-ap imcocni t i-߃ Hcp hn{i-apo-hnxw sxc-s -Sp- m At±-lsØ t{]cn- n- p. k`-bpss Imcy-߃ `wkn-bmbn \S- -W-sa pw k` ]ptcm-k-an- -W-sa pw k`mw-k-߃ sszhm-{i-b-øn Pohn- p- h-cm-i-w-sa- p-ap Nn -bm-bn-cp p A yw-hscbpw At±-lsØ `cn- n-cp- -Xv. A[n-Im-cm-hIm-i- Nn- -I-sfm pw At±-lsØ H pw Xs kv] in- n-cp- n-. AtX-k-abw A[n-Im-c-߃ hns m-gn p dn -b sn-bvxp Pohn- m At±lw A`n-e-jn- p. F m AXn-\papºv k`-bv m-h-iyamb sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-am-scbpw Xs ]n Km-antbbpw hmgn- -W-sa pw am HutK _mhm Btem-Nn v Dd- ncp p F mwv A\- -c -kw-`-h-߃ hy -am- p- -Xv HtŒm-_ 2 mw XobXn \nc-w-øp -sh v ae- c Atkm-kntb-j sa{xm ÿm-\-tøbv v sxc-s -SpØ ^m.- Fw. -hn. tpm v, ^m.- n. t]mƒ hdp-ko-kv, ^m. si. si. ]p q-kv, ^m. -si. kn. txma-kv, ^m. -]n. hn. tpmk^v F n-hsc 1975 s^{_p-hcn 16- mw XobXn Rmb-dmgvN \nc-w-øp-sh v sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-am-cmbn hmgn- -XmWv HutK _mhm-bpss Pohn-X-km-bm- -Ønse G hpw {][m-\-s kw`-hw. imco-cn-i- oww D m-bn-cp am HutK _mhm, sa{xm ÿm-\m-`n-tj-i-øn\p apºv IS-º-\mSv h\n-xm- a-µnc-øn hn{i-an- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. sa{xm- msc hmgn- p- -Xv kw-_- n- p _mhm-bpss Iev]\ hmßp- -Xn-\mbn ^m. Sn. Pn. kj-dnbmbpw Cu Fgp-Øp-Im-c\pw IqSn s^{_p-hcn 14 - mw XobXn ASqcn FØn. DSp n tims-xn-bpss DS- p- m-ip-sa- p `oxn HutK _mhm-bv p- m-bn-cp- p. AXpsIm v sa{xm ÿm\m-`n-tjiw kw_- n Iev]\ ]nt -Zn-hkw ]{X-Øn CS-Wtam F v _mhm Rß-tfmSp tnmzn- p. Ipg- an-s v R߃ Adn-bn- -t mƒ ""kjdnbm A \pw amω- -\pw- IqSn ]d- m Rm H n- p-xcmw'' F p ]d v Iev]-\-bpsS \ Hcn- IqSn hmbn pti p. AXn _mhm Nne Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ hcp-øn. -_m-hm-bpss _p n-i n p bmsxmcp owhpw X n-bn-cp- n-s - p Xn\v i -amb sxfn-hmbn-cp p Cu Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ. {]kvxpx Iev]\ NphtS tn p p: ""ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm-\n-k` Hcp \n Æm-bI Ime- L- -Øn-eqsS IS- p-t]m-ip Cu Ah-k-c-Øn AXns ssh]pey-øn\pw hf bv pw hni-k-\-øn\pw A\p-tbm-Py-amb hn[-øn A p- {]-i-kvx-cmb sshzn-i v am txm-ωm -«o-lm-bm ÿm]n- X-amb \ncww ] n-bn h v C v taev]- kvym\w \evip-i-bm-wv. `c-w-l-s-\-sbbpw Imt\m-s\bpw ]mc-º-cy-søbpw Atß-b w am\n- p-sim pw hyh-ÿm-]nx \S-]-Sn- - -߃ kzoi-cn- p-sim pw sxcs -Sp- -s - n-cn- p Cu A p sshzn-icpw k`-bn tim`n- p- Ibpw k`sb tim`n- n- p-ibpw snøp-sa- p- -Xn\v \ap v kwib-an-. txmωm am Zoh- m-kn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm Znhw-K-X-\m-btXm-Sp-IqSn \ncww `{Zm-k-\-Øn\v ssh[hyw kw`-hn- n-cn- p-i-bm- Wv. _mly-ti-cf `{Zm-k-\-Øns A[n-] amxyqkv am AØm- \m-kn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm \ΩpsS ]n Km-an-bmbn sxc-s - Sp- -s - n-cn- p- -Xn-\m B `{Zm-k-\-Ønepw Hcp sa{xm-t m-eoøm \ntbm-kn- -s -ts- -Xp- v. IqSmsX 88 - mw hb- n-te p IS- n-cn- p tim bw CS-h-I-bpsS amxyqkv am Cuhm-\n-tbmkv sa{xmt m-eo-ømbv v Hcp Akn-à ns\ hmgn- mt Imehpw AXn- {I-an- n-cn- p- p. CXn\pw ]pdta Nne `{Zm-k-\-߃ `c-w-ku-icysø ap \n Øn hn`-pn- p Imcyhpw ]cn-k-wn-t - -Xp- v. Cu ] m-ø-e-øn-emwv k`-bpss tim`-\-amb `mhnsb ap \n Øn Ct mƒ A p-t]sc taev]- -ÿm-\-tø v Db Øp- -Xv. \ΩpsS k`-bnse \n `m-ky-i-c-amb Nne X -߃aqew Cu sa{xm ÿm- \m-`n-tjiw t\csø \S-Øm km[n- msx h -Imcyw ChnsS hnkva-cn- p- n-. Bdp -am-ksø Hcp- -Øn-\p-tijw At\-Im-bncw cq] sne-hm n \nc-wøp hnfn- p-iq- nb ae- c Atkm-kn-tb-j-\mWv Ct mƒ hmgn- -s -Sp sshzn-isc sfi-i-wvtty\ sxc-s -Sp-Ø-Xv. F m k`-bn `n n- p- m- p- -Xn-\p-th n Nne tims-xn-isf kao-]n- p-ibpw \me- p- am-k-߃ p-tijw tic-f-ønse AXyp- X \oxn-\ym-b]otw Ipcp- p-iƒ Agn- p-ibpw snbvxn-cn- p-i-bm-wv.

63 sszhw k`sb \bn- p- p-sh pw ssihn-sp-i-bn-s pw Cu kw`h-߃ \sω A\p-kva-cn- n- p- p. {InkvXob k`sb t]mjn- n v ta `-cww \S-Øp- -Xn-\mbn tbip-{inkvxp ]{ v {][m\ injy- msc sxc-s -Sp- p-ibpw Ahsc Xs ssisim v sxm v A\-p{K-ln v {][m-\-mnm-cy-xz- Øns \evhcw Ah p {]Zm\w snøp-ibpw D m-bn. Cßs\ AhnSpsØ, I-c-kv] i-\-øm Znhy-i n {]m]n- -hcpw Ah-cpsS ]n Km-an-Isf ]c-º-cbm ssih v ta ]- - m-cmbn A`n-tjIw snbvxp-h- p. C{]-Imcw Ahn- n- -amb ssih-bv]p-aqew sa{xm- m F t]cn Adn-b-s -Sp taev]- - m {InkvXob k`-bn XpSsc D m-bn-s m- n-cp- p. Cßs\ taev]- - m-cn-eq-ss -am-{x-amwv tbip- {In-kvXp- aqew e`n- n- p Ir]m-h-c-߃ a\p-jy\v A\p-`-h-s -Sp- - Xv. ]uc-kvxycpw ]m m-xycpw Bb `qcn-] w ss{ikvx-hcpw Cu Imcyw C v ZrV-ambn hniz-kn- p-h-cp- p. k t m-]cn Hcp alm-]ptcm-ln-x sszh-øn\pw a\p-jy\pw CS-bn a y-ÿ-\m-wv. AXmbXv sszh-k-a w a\p-jy-s bpw a\p-jy-k-a w sszh-øn-s bpw {]Xn-\n-[n. {InkvXp-hns a\p-jym-h-xmc {]h Ø-\-ß-fpsS A y- L- -Øn, kz m-tcm-l-w-k-a-b-øv, Fs ]nxmhv Fs Ab- - Xp-t]mse Rm \nß-sfbpw Ab-bv p p F p ]d p ssi Db Øn A\p-{K-ln- p-sim v «ol- m p \ Inb {][m-\m-nmcy-xz- ]-Z-hn-bp-sSbpw A[n-Im-c-Øn-s bpw Ah-Im-in-I-fmbn tae-v]- - m v tbip-{inkvxp Cu temi Pohn-X-Im-eØv D]-tZ-in pw ]Tn- n pw {]h Øn amxr-i-bn hn. «ol- m-sc-t mse k`mw-k-ßsf \bn- pi F Kuc-hmh-lamb I Ø-hy-am-Wp- -Xv. ae- c k`m-`-c-w-l-s-\bv v hnt[-b-ambn hmgn- -s -Sp sa{xm- m p -am-{xta ae- -c-bn ÿm\-ap p. `c-wl-s-\-bn Cßs\ ]dbp- p: ""Hcmƒ v F n-kvtim m Btbm sa{xm-t m-eoøm Btbm ] w simsp- -W-sa- n B Bsf B ÿm\-tø v ae c Atkm-kn-tb-j sxc-s -Sp-t - Xpw B sxc-s -Sp- ns\ F n-kvtim- kn\uv AwKo-I-cn- p ] w kn\-uns kl-ic-w-tøm-sp-iqsn Imt\m \n_- \ A\p-k-cn v ImtXm-en m B Bfn\p ] w simsp-t - Xpw BWv. Hcp F n-kvtim- m-tbtbm sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-tbtbm hmgn- p-tºmƒ hmgn- -s -Sp taev]- - mc kn\-uns A y- -\mb ImtXm-en- mbv v i aq-t m (-k- Ω-X-]-{Xw) Fgp-Xn-h-bvt - -Xm-Wv. C{]-Imcw hmgn- -s -Sp taev]- - m-c\p ImtXm-en m ÿmøn-t m (A-[n-Im-c-]-{Xw) \evip- - Xm-Ip p.'' F n-kvtim- msb hmgn- p- Xv kw_- n p lqzm-b - Im-t\m-\n hni-z-amb am -\n t±-i-ßfpw a pw \evin-bn- p- v. Hcp `mkøv am nωo-kns H mw ]pkvx-i-øn \n v Cßs\ ]dbp- p: ""Hsc- n-kvtim m hmgn- -s -Sp- Xp P\-߃ apgp-h-\pw -IqSn sxc-s -SpØv ]cn-ip- m-fl- ln-xm-\p-k-c-w-am-bn-cn- -Ww. At±lw Ip -an- m-ø-h\pw m\nbpw \n Ω-e\pw hn\-b-ap- -h\pw at\m- `m-c-an- m-ø-h\pw DW p- -h\pw {Zhym-{K-l-an- m-ø-h\pw Ie-l- {]n-b-an- m-ø-h\pw Zbm-ephpw anx-`m-jn-bmb D]-tZ mhpw \ -Isf C -s -Sp- -h\pw A zm-\-{]n-b-\p-am-bn-cn- Ww.'' ""C{X al-ømb F n-kvtim- m -ÿm-\-tø p hcp- -h-cpss {]h Ø-\w-sIm p sszh-øn\v al-xzhpw k`bv p hnp-bhpw D m-im CS-bm-Is F mwp \ΩpsS _e-lo-\-amb {]m - \.'' {]K- -cmb Cu A p sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-amsc hmgn- -txm-sp-iqsn sszh-øn\p al-xzhpw k`bv p t\ hpw D mbn F p _mhm {]kvxm-hn- p. sa{xm ÿm-\m-`n-tj-i -th-f-bn sndp- - m-cmb sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-am t]mepw own-x-cm-bn-øo p F nepw sxmæq-dn-te p IS HutK _mhm ip{iq-j-i-fpss A yw hscbpw {]k- -h-z-\-\mbpw i -\mbpw ImW-s -Sp-I-bm-Wp- mb-xv. GXm\pw amk-߃ p-tijw ae- c sa{xm-t m-eoøm ÿm\hpw 1975 HtŒm-_ HSp-hn ImtXm-en m _mhm- ÿm-\hpw A\m-tcm- Kyw-aqew HutK _mhm kza-\- m-se, sa{xm-t m-eo-ø- m-tcmspw amt\-pnwkv IΩn ntbmspw Btem-Nn- -tijw Hgn- p. ac-ww-sim- p -am{xw ÿm\w Hgn- p-t]m-ip ]mc-ºcyw HutK _mhm ewln p al-ømb Hcp amxri kr n- p-i-bm-wp- m-b-xv. k`m-`cww \n -ln- m {]mbm-[n-iyw-aqew Ign-bmsX hcp-tºmƒ dn b sn-øp k{º-zmbw k`-bn kzoi-cn-t - -Xm-sW v HutK _mhm kzpo-hn-x-amxr-i-bn-eqss ImWn- p-sim-sp-øp. Cu amxri F m k`mw-k-ß-fp-ssbpw A`n-\-µ\w B n- p-ibpw snbvxp. Cßs\ ae- -c -sa-{xm-t m-eo-øm- ÿm-\hpw ImtXm-en- mÿm\hpw Hgn- -Xn-\m Xs ]n Km-an-bmbn sxc-s -Sp- -s - n-cp amxyqkv am AØm-\m-tkymkv sa{xm-t m-eo-ømsb 1975 HtŒm-_ 27 - mw XobXn Xn -fmgvn Ncn-{X-ap-d-ßp ]gb skan- \m-cn-bpss Xncp-ap- -Øp-h v F n-kvtim- kp -l-tzmkv ae- -c-

64 bnse A m-asø ImtXm-en- m-bmbn Ah-tcm-[n- p. A\m-tcm-Ky- Ømepw {]txyiw Wn- m- Xn-\mepw Cu ÿm\m-`n-tj-i- Øn ]s -Sp- m Ign- n-s - nepw am txmωm amxyqkv {]Ya _mhm ImtXm-en-t - v-ac-a-\-bn sn -t mƒ At±-l-Øn-s - ta ssih v HutK _mhm A\p-{K-ln cwkhpw a pw k`m-n-cn- {X-Øns Xmfp-I-fn F m-ehpw Xnf-ßn-\n-ev pw. Imdpw timfpw \nd Pohn-X-km-K-c-Øn-eqsS XI-cmsX k -cn HutK _mhmbpss PohnX \ui {]im- -kp-µ-c-amb IS-en-\- -sc-bn-te v AXnthKw \oßp-i-bm-bn-cp- p. Imew-sNøp- -Xn\v GXm\pw BgvN- Iƒ p apºv ae- ck`bv v Cu \q m- n e`n G hpw henb kw`m-h-\-bmb ]n. Koh-dp-Ko-kns Ißg Bip-]-{Xn-bnse ani NnIn- bpw ip{iq-jbpw _mhmbv v e`n- n-cp- p. Pohn-X-Øn tcmkw aqew imco-cn-i-amb thz-\-iƒ A[n-I-sam pw A\p-`-hn- n- n- mø Hcp taev]- - m-c-\m-bn-cp p HutK _mhm. amwkw A[n-Ian- m-xn-cp _mhm-bpss ico-c-tømsv tcmkm-wp- ƒ t]mepw ]Ssh n ]cm-p-b-s - -Xm-bn-cn- mw. ta ]- - m p km[m-c-w-k-xn-bn ]nsn-s]-sm-dp- tcmk-ß-sfm pw Xs HutK _mhmsb B{I-an- n- n-. sxmæqdp Ign {hx\njvt-\mb B ap\n-h-cy\p c p aq p Znhkw \o p-\n Akp-J-sØ-Xp-S v G hpw sa -s NnIn- -bmwv e`n- -Xv. F nepw I - m-sp-iƒ \nd Cu temi- Øn Xncp-ta\n InS p I -s -SmsX 1975 Unkw-_ F n\p IS- p-t]m-bn. AsXmcp `mky-a-c-w-am-bn-cp- p. A v ss\tdm-_n-bn ktω-fn- n-cp k`-i-fpss temi-iu kn Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS kvac- Wbv v BZ-cm-RvPen A n- p. as mcp k`m-t\-xm-hn\pw e`n- mø BtKmf A ym-`n-hmzyw Xs. Nca hnh-c-a-dn v ss\tdm- _n-bn \n v ]oen-t mkv am sxtbm-^n-temkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm ]d-s Øn I_-d-S- -Øn ] p-sim- p. kl-{k- -W- n-\m-fp-iƒ t\m n-\nevt snm mgvn sshin v `uxni-tzlw Xs ap Km-an-bpsS I_-dn-S-Øn\p sxm -Sp-Øp ImtXm-en-t v Ac-a\ Nm -en kwkvi-cn- p. k`m-kzm-x{ yw A\yq-\-ambn ]cn-c- n- p-ibpw, F m XXz-kwln-X-I-sfbpw Im n ]d-øn-s m- p At ym-iy IS- m-{i-a- W-ßsf F -t - p-ambn IS-en-\- sc HXp- n-\n-dp-ø-pibpw k`mi-co-c-ønse Hcp ap p-t]mse amdnb At ym-iy- _ w Ahkm-\n- n- p-ibpw snbvx ]. -Hu-tK _mhmbv v e`n lrz-bkv] iiamb A n-tam-]-nmcw ae- -c-k-`-bpss kwc- -I\p e`n A`n-hmZyw Xs -bm-sw v Ncn{Xw tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p- p. 16 sxm p \n -h ti Xpw I Xpw ]cn-ip HutK _mhm-bpss Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-amb k t{]-c- W-I-sf- - nbpw k m-xr-i-i-sf- - nbpw ]. _mhm-bpss injy\pw dn. sslkviqƒ sluvam-ãdpw Bb ^m. tpm v ] vfm v Cßs\ Fgp-Xp- p: ]cn-ip HutK {]Y-a _mhm-bpss kvt\l hm -ey-tømssm w injy-xzhpw e`n- m km[n- Xv Rm F pw IrX- -Xtbm-sS-bmWv kvacn- p- Xv. Fs ]nxmhv ] vfm v ]utem-kn\p IpSpw-_-]-c-amb _ -Øn\p ]pdta HutK dºm Bbn-cp Imew apxte _mhm-bp-ambn ASp-Øn-S-s]-Sp- -Xn\pw XZzmcm At±l-Øns Bcm-[-I-\m-Ip- -Xn\pw km[n p. I -\msv `{Zm-k\ sa{xm-t m-eoøm ÿm\-tø p \S- - sx-c-s -Sp- n hnp-bn HutK dºms {]Kev-`-\mb FXn ÿm\m nbv v c p -thm p t\smt\ Ign- p p. Rm timfpv hnzym-`ym-k-øn\v Hcpßn-b-t mƒ, ÿe-ku-i-cy-an- m-xn-cp aqhm- p-]pg Ac-a-\-bnse sndnb ` W apdn kv{io h v ad v F\n p Xma-kn- m\pw ]Tn- m\pw kuicyw Xcp-Ibpw ]n osv F\n v sshzni hnzym-`ymkw \ In A\p-{K-ln- p-ibpw snbvx XymK _p n, Xncn p t\m ptºmƒ F{Xtbm hnkvabicw F - msx F p -]-d-bm! ]cn-ip- -Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS {]m -\-bn-ep Nn bpw GIm-{K-Xbpw ^m. tpm v ] vfm v AXp-ey-am-Wv. bm{x-bn-em-sw- nepw IrXy-k-abØv hml-\-øn-en-cp v IqsS-bp siωm-»- m-cp-ambn {]m n- p-am-bn-cp- p. Hc-h-k-c-Øn bm{xm-th-f-bnse {]m -\-bv n-s v hgn-tbmcøv I Hcp ImgvN-sb- n Rm {]m \ Ign- -t mƒ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv ]d- p. {]m \ ka-bøv hgn-tbm-cøv {i n- -Xn\v DSs\ iim-chpw In n. Hcn- Ac-a-\-bn kqømdm \a-kvimc ka-bøv Rm\pw a p c pt]cpw A{i- -ambn s]cp-am-dn-b-xn\v hsn-sim v \ ASnbpw iim-chpw In n. cmhnse hnfn v

65 kam-iz-kn- n- p-ibpw D]-tZ-in- p-ibpw snbvxp. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS hmb-\-bn-ep GIm-{KX A\p-]aw Xs. hmbn psim n-cn- ptºm-ƒ ASp-Øp-h v tai- p-døp \n v Fs - nepw FSp-Øm-tem, Hcp kµ i-i ASpØph mtem Adn-bp-Itbm {i n- p-itbm C m-bn-cp- p. Ac-a-\-bn \n v bm{xbv ndßp-tºmgpw bm{x -Ign v FØp-tºmgpw ] n-bn Ibdn epøn-\nbm \S-Øpw. Hcp ] n kµ in p-tºmgpw kµ i\w Ign v as-ßp-tºmgpw azv_- lm-bn {]th-in v [q]w- h v epøn-\nbm \S-ØpI Xncp-ta\n Nn tbmss ]men- n-cp- p. ] n kµ i\w Ign v as-ßp-tºmƒ I]ym pw a p- tpm-en- m pw Hcp XpI kωm-\-ambn \ Ipw. kz w kmº-øni ]cn-an-xn, B ]gb N w ]men- p- -Xn\v XS- - am- n-bn-cp- n-. shtßm-e-bn imtew kviqfns ÿm]-\-øn\v ] vfm v aømbn timsd nkvtim- mbv v t{]c-wbpw t{]m m-l-\hpw \evin-bxv Xncp-ta-\n-bm-Wv. ae-bmfw anun kviqfn-\p At] Xøm-dm n At±lw aqhm- p-]pg Ac-a-\-bn sn -t mƒ, ""Zo LZr n-tbmss Nn n q A m. aebmfw kviqf, Cw ojv kviqfmwv C\n Bcw- `n-t - Xv'' F v D]-tZ-in- p-i-bpw, At] am n Xøm-dm- n v Ac-a-\bv p sxm -Sp-Øp Un. C. H. sb Ac-a-\-bn hcpøn Xncp-ta\n Xs At] ssibn simsp- p-ibpw kviqƒ A\ph-Zn v DØ-c-hm- p-ibpw snbvxp. hnip am txmωm «olm-bpss knwlm-k-\-øn BcqV-\m-bn, H mb ]cn-ip- -k-`sb Hcp Zim_vZw `cn- -Xpw, ioa- m-cpss IpX-{ -߃ ho pw k`sb ]nf Øn-bXpw hnip txmam-«o-lm-bpss ] -Xz-sØbpw knwlmk-\-søbpw tnmzyw snbvx Ah-k-c-Øn hn\-bm-\zn-x-\mb ]cnip _mhm ks-ip-s v K n- Xpw kao]-ime kw`-h-ß-fm-wt m sk]v w-_ 12 - mw XobXn kp{]ow timsxn hn[n Adn- t mƒ Ac-a-\-bnse At -hm-kn-iƒ Aev]w hnp-bm-àm-z-øn\v Hcpßn. ]cn-ip- -Xn-cp-ta\n AXv I i-\-ambn XS p. ] n-b-iøp t]mbn sszhsø al-xz-s -Sp-Øp-hm Iev]n- p. sk]v w-_ 14 - mw XobXn aqhm- p-]pg Ac-a-\- - n-bn \S-Ønb B h jsø o_m-zmk kaql-hm jniw Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b _mhm-bpss A y- -X-bn Aev]w hn]p-e-ambn \SØn kt m-jn- Xpw Hm p p. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS k m-xr-i-ifpw k t{]-c-w-ifpw Pohmh-km-\w -hsc Fs `cn- p-sa v F\n- p-d- p- v. HutK _mhm F\n p sshzni ] w X v A[nIw sshimsx Ißg Fw. Pn. Un. Fw. Bip-]{Xn Nm - IqZmi snøp-ibpw Fs Bip-]{Xn Nmπbn-\mbn \nb-an- p-ibpw snbvxp. ""CXv Hcp henb ÿm]-\-ambnøocpw. A ChnsS {]h Øn- p-sim q'' F pw ]d p. Bip-]-{Xn-bpsS hf -bn henb Xmev]cyw {]I- Sn- n Xncp-ta\n ÿm]-i-\mb at\m-lc hdp-ko-knt\msp axn pw kvt\lhpw \nanøw Hcp ap{z-tam-xncw \ In At±-lsØ BZ-cn- p-ibpw snbvxp. k`-bv p-th n Ißg Bip-]{Xn Gs -SpØv Iev]\ ]pd-s -Sp-hn- Xpw _mhm-bmwv. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS t{]m m-l- \hpw A\p-{Klhpw aqe-amwv 17 h jw Iß-g-bn {]h Øn- m\pw Hcp CS-th-fbv p tijw Ign- -h jw Ahn-SpsØ _t -en-tbmkv kviqfns Npa-Xe Gs -Sp- m\pw km[n- -sx v Rm hniz-kn- p- p. Akm-[m-cW hy nxzw aqhm- p-]pg Ac-a-\-bn 1953 apx HºXp h jw Xma-kn v HutK Xncp-ta-\nsb hf-scbspøv Adn- n- p dn. Fkv. _n. - Sn. Hm^o-k ]n. F. tpm Pv (C-e-h- m-\øv, sim m-sv) C{]-Imcw Fgp-Xp- p: ]n. F. tpm Pv (C-e-h- m-\øv, sim m-sv) 1953 sabv amk-øn-emwv Rm BZy-ambn aqhm- p-]pg Ac-a-\- bn FØp- -Xv. Hcp awn-am-fni Bbn-cn pw Ac-a\ F [mc- W-tbmSp IqSn FØnb Rm A p-x-s - p-t]m-bn. km m `mc- Xob Ejn-hcys ] Æ-ime Xs. aæn- n-i-bn si n-s m- nb Hcp sndnb si n-sw. AXns Ing- p-`m-k-øp \S- - -emwv InS- p-ap-dn. AXn-t\mSv tn v Hcp Nmcp-I-tkc-bn I -\msv `{Zm-k-\m-[n-]-\mb B Ejn-h-cy Hcp sh - p- m-bhpw Xe-bn ak-v\-]vkmbpw [cn v Nmcn Ccn- p- p. Xs apºn ta\n-bn B nb Hcp ]ei hs -gp-xp-hm h n- p- v. Xncp-ta\n GtXm ]pkvxiw hmbn- p-sim- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. Rm sn v ssiap-øn. Fs bm{x Aev]w kzm -X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-bn-cp- p. tim bwimc-\mb F\n v Xe Nmbv ms\m-cnsw thww. Ft m-ssm w Fkv. _n. Sn. bnse Hcp Poh-\- m-c\pw D m-bn-cp- p.

66 Rm sn - Imcyw Xnc- n. henb kt m-j-tømss Ft msv Xncpta\n ]d- p. ""FSm tamt\! \n\ v C -am-sw- n ChnsS Xmakn mw. C{X-sbms kui-cyap v. ASpØ BgvN kviqfpw timf- Pp-sams Xpd pw.'' ""tcmkn C n- Xpw sshzy Iev]n- Xpw ]m.'' Fs B{Klw t]mse Rm Ac-a-\-bn Bbn. kvt\l-\n-[nbmb hey- - \pw sim p-a- fpw IqSn Ign-bp Hcp {]Xo-Xn. Xncp-ta-\n-tbm-sSm- -ap PohnXw Hcp henb A\p-`hw Xs Bbn-cp- p. dn -b snbvxn pw Fs Pohn-X-Øn Ah Dƒs m- p- -Xn\v C pw Rm {ian- p-sim- n-cn- p- p. At±-l-Øns I -i-amb Pohn-X-N-cy-Iƒ, efn-x-kp-µ-c-amb PohnX coxn, sx ns\ FXn p-hm-\p \n `-b-xzw, XnI ` n, AN- -e-amb hnizmkw F o khn-ti-j-x-iƒ Xncp-ta-\nsb Akm-[-mc-W-amb hy n-xz-øns DS-a-bm- n-øo Øp. Cw o-jv, ae-bm-fw, kpdn-bm-\n, kwkvir-xw F o `mj-i-fn Akm-am-\y-amb ]mfinxyw At±-l-Øn-\p- m-bn-cp- p. ssib- c-am-is AXn-a-t\m-l-c-hpw. kpdn-bm\n Fgp-Xp- Xv ]cp- n Xqh sim m-bn-cp- p. cn-\m-coxn {it -b-am-wv. atxm-]-tzi kxy-߃ thz-sø-fn-hp- I-tfm-Sp-IqSn Fgp-X-s - -h-bm-bn-cp- p. am Koh-dp-Kokv kl-zm-bp-ssbpw, am tømωm «olm-bp-ssbpw s]cp- mƒ \a-kvim-c -Ko-X-߃, s] okm \a-kvim-c-øns aebmf X -a, C v sshzn-i D]- tbm-kn- p lqtøm-tam-bpss ae-bmf X -a, I m-\p-`h BgvN \a-kvim-c-øns X a XpS-ßnb At±-l-Øns cn-\-iƒ F mw k`bv p apx Iq- m-wv. Pohn-X-N-cy-Ifpw A\p-I-c-Wo-b-am-Wv. k`-bn Ggv bma {]m - \-Iƒ {Iao-I-cn- n- p- v. Xncp-ta-\n v Gg ]Xn- mev bma-߃ D mbn-cp- p. A cm-{xn-bn Fgp-t - n-cp v {]m n- p- Xv Rm I n- p- v. ` -W-tØ- mƒ {][m\w Xncp-ta-\n v t\mºpw, D]- hm-k-hpw, \a-kvim-chpw Bbn-cp p. {]mbm-[niyw aqew Akp-J߃ D m-ip-tºmƒ t]mepw ]pxnb ` -W-{I-ao-I-c-W-Øn\v At±lw hgn-s - n-cp- n-. ` Ww Pohn- p- Xn\p th n F XXz-am-Wv B ]nxmhv kzoi-cn- n-cp- -Xv. t\mºp- Im-e-ß-fn km m `mc-xob k\ym-kn-am-cpss PohnX coxn-x-s. t\mºn aq p-awn Ign-bmsX ` Ww Ign- p-i-bn-. I n-bpw, ]b-dpw, ] -Shpw Fs - nepw D n-en- Xpw am{xw axn. hne Ipd hkv{x-ßsf [cn- p-i-bp p. AXpw AXym-h-iy- Øn-\p-am-{Xw. Im - q w ct m- aq-t m. AXn IqSp-X h m AXv ae-_m-dnse A - m v simsp- pw. D -Xn \ Im m - sk v FSp- p-tºmƒ sk{i- dn siωm-i-t\msv "Rm s]æp-si- m t]mip-i-bmtwm' F v tnmzn pw. F mepw simsp- p- -Xp- Xs [cn- pw. AXnYn k m-chpw a p -h-tcm-sp s]cp-am- hpw Btcbpw BI jn- -Ø- -Xm-bn-cp- p. F m ax-øn s]- -hcpw F m k`m hn`m-k-øn s - -hcpw kµ in- p- -Xn\v hcp-am-bn-cp- p. Ah-tcmSv lrzy-ambn kwkm-cn- pw. kwi-b-߃ ]cn-l-cn- pw. ASp- h-cp- -hsc Ccp-Øn-b-Xn-\p- ti-jta kwkm-cn- m XpS-ßp-I-bp- p. Imew snbvx ]ueqkv am {KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n (A v t]mƒ h Kokv) Hcn- Xncp-ta-\nsb ImWp-hm FØn. Ccn- m ]d- -t mƒ At±lw asn- p. At mƒ ]p m-bn v AXn CcpØn. A v Zo L-t\cw Ah kwkm-cn- p. k`-bpw, thz-]p-kvx-i-hpw, Imt\m-\p-I-fp-sams N snbvxp. aqhm- p-]pg kn. Fkv. sf. ] n hnimcn dh. si. Fw. tp -_v, an -hmdpw hcp-am-bn-cp- p. Xncp-ta-\n v hfsc _lp-am-\y-\mb Hcp hy n Bbn-cp p At±lw. Hcn- \n Ωem timf-pnse A[ym-]-I ]fim-e -km Xncpta-\nsb ImWm sn p. hfsc kulr-z-]-c-ambn kwkm-cn- p. Xs C m-bva-bn t]mepw AXn-Yn-Isf k -cn- p- -Xn At±lw ap ]- n-bn-em-bn-cp- p. hben- -d-ºn am {KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n Hcp Znhkw Hcp awn-tbmss Ac-a-\-bn FØn. k`m Imcy-ßfpw a pw kwkm-cn- p. Cu ka-bøv Nmbbpw elp ISn- Ifpw DuWp tai-bn h p. ]m Hgn- mø Nmb Bb-Xn-\m {KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n IpSn- n-. R߃ v t\mºv Bb-Xn-\m ]m D]-tbm-Kn- n F v HutK Xncp-ta\n ]d- p. Hcn- Iv\m\mb CS-h-I-bpsS am nao-kv, HutK Xncp-ta-\nsb kµ in- p- -Xn-s\-Øn. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS injy-\mwv naokv Xncp-ta-\n. At±lw kpdn-bm\n ]Tn- m aqhm- p-]pg skan-\m-cn-bn Xma-kn- p ImesØ t^mt m A pw AhnsS D m-bn-cp- p. Xncp-ta-\nam c p-t]cpw k`m-im-cy-߃ N snbvxp. tbmpn- n-\p-th- nbp Hcp kw`m-jww Xs \S-Øn. Hcp hyh-ÿbpw D m- n. F m AsXm pw {]mh Øn-I-am-bn-. GsXmcp k`mw-k-øn\pw hnizm-k-]-c-amb Bfl-hocyw DW Ø- Ø hn[-øn-ep k`m-kvt\lw Bbn-cp p HutK Xncp-ta-\n-

67 bp-ts-xv. am tøm-ωm -«o-lm-bn IqSn-bp C y k`-bpss D hhpw ]mc-º-cy-hpw, hnizm-k-hpw, Xncp-ta\n cmhpw ]Iepw apdpsi ]nsn- n-cp p. am tømωm «olm-bpss c -km n Zn\w BN-cn- ptºmƒ Xncp-ta\n D -cn- p Hcp thz-`mkw Rm Hm p- p. hnip ]ueqkv simcn- ytcmsp ]d-bp- Xv. ""\n߃ v {InkvXphn ]Xn-\m-bncw Kpcp- - m Ds - nepw ]nxm- - m Gsd-bn. \nßsf Bflm-hn P\n- n- Xp Rm A -tbm.'' ChnsS am tømωm «olm-bpss ]nxr-xzhpw A -kvtxm-eni ]n p-s bpw At±lw hy -am- p- p. hfsc sshin-bn pw am p \ In Hcp k`-bpss ]c-am- y- -s\ \ne-bn km[m-cw KXn v snøm-\m-hmø ]e Imcy-ßfpw, ImtXm-en m _mhmbv p am\pjni {]iv\-ßsf sszh apºmsi ka n v ]cn-lmcw \n t±-int - n-h-cp p. \nba Zr ym km[q-i-cn- m-\m-hmø Nne kwk-xn- Iƒ apsn-b ]p{x-s\-t mse A\p-X-]n- p- -h v ]m]-]-cn-lmcw \ Ip sszh-øns {]Xn-]pcp-j- m v Ah-K-Wn- m\pw km[ya-. AØcw Hcp kwk-xn-bmwv NphtS tn p- -Xv. (1975 Unkw-_ F n\p Imew snbvx ]. -Hu-tK _mhm-bpss Poh-N-cn-{X-Øn A p tn t - -Xn-s p Xocp-am-\n- Xpw F m k`mw-k-߃ Adn- n-cn- -W-sa v Ct mƒ Rm Icp-Xp- Xpw 34 h jw apºv bym -Øn \S- Xp-amb kw`-h-amwv NphtS tn - p- -Xv.) ""{]nb-s hey- - -\v, R߃ \msp-hn- n v Ggp- h jw Ign- p. Rß-fpsS ai at\m- Pn\v Bdp- h-b pw aiƒ ca-wn v \mep -h-b- p-am-bn. hnhmlw \S- Øm-sX-bp Rß-fpsS Pohn-X-sØ- n R߃ p hfsc ZpxJ-ap- v. H pw a\- -am-[m-\-an-. AXp-sIm v hey- - F mw an v ].- HutK _mhmsb I v Rß-fpsS hnhm-lhpw Ip n-i-fpss amtam- Zo-kmbpw \S-Øn p XcWw. apsn-b-\mb ]p{x-s\-t mse Fs Icp- Xn-bm axn. kz w Ip p-tam '' h j-ß-fmbn kº -an- msx Ign ph Ip p-tams IØv hm -ey-\n-[n-bmb hey- - s\ Htc kabw ZpxJ-Øn-s bpw kt m-j-øn-s bpw kmk-c-øn BgvØn. F p snø-w-sa p \n -b-an- msx At±lw Ipg-ßn. s]s - mwv Hcm-ibw txm n-b- Xv. _mhm-bp-ambn ASpØ kº hpw _mhm-bn kzm[o-\-hp-ap Hcp kplr-ømb snº-i-t»-cn sim p-sim- ns Imcyw hey- - Hm Øp. DS Xs sim p-sim- ns\ hey- - kao-]n- p. Imcy-߃ Fs p ]d-bm-\m-hmsx Ip p-tams IØv At±lw kplr-øns\ Gev]n- p-i-bm-wp- m-b-xv. kplrøv sr n-t m-bn. F nepw Ip p-tam-s\bpw hey- -s\bpw Cu ]X-\-Øn X m- \m-hmsx sim p-sim v ImtXm-en-t v Ac-a-\-bn FØn ]. HutK _mhmsb I v Imcy-߃ F mw Xpd p ]d p. _mhmbpw sr n. F nepw "Rm k`m- y- -\m-i-bm A\p- X-]n p hcp- -h-sc apsn-b-\mb ]p{xs ]nxm-hn-s\-t mse kzoi-cn- p-i-b- msx X m-\m-hn- t m' F p ]d p {]iv\-øn\p ]cnlmcw \n t±-in- p. _mhmsb ImWm sn B k`m-kvt\-ln-tbmsv _mhm Cßs\ ]d p: ""ASpØ hymgmgvn cm{xn F p-awn Ign-bp-tºmƒ Xm ƒ Ip p-tam-s\bpw ho p-im-cn-tbbpw a -sfbpw Fs apdn-bn sim p-h-c-ww. At m-tg pw Fs ImWm ChnsS hcp- -hcpw a pw ÿew hn n-cn- pw. IqSmsX Ah-cpsS ] n-bnse A \pw A v F n\p tijw h v Fs ImWm ]d-bww.'' \n nx Znhkw sim p-sim v Ip p-tam-s\bpw IpSpw-_-tØbpw ]d- -Xp-t]mse _mhm-bpss apdn-bn-te- m-\-bn- p. _mhm-bpss apjøv ss[cy-ambn H p t\m m t]mepw Ign-bm-Xn-cp Ip ptam-t\mspw IpSpw-_-tØmSpw m\-hr- -\mb _mhmbv v hm eyhpw AtX-kabw Aev]w shdp pw txm n. Ip n-isf ]pd- Øm n IX-I-S- p. "`mcym -` Øm- - m ' _mhm-bpss apºn ap p- Ip-Øn. ""ae-th-s\pw ark-ßfpw t]mepw snømø Imcy-ßfmWv \n߃ snbvxn-cn- p- -Xv. \n߃ bym - Øn A\p-X-]n p h -Xn-\m k`m- y- s\ \ne-bn Rm \n߃ p am p- X- cp p.'' snº-i-t»-cn sim p-sim- v Ip p-tam-s bpw "`mcy-'bp-ssbpw IÆp-Ifn \n p IÆp-\o [mc-[m-c-bmbn Hgp-In. AhcpsS hkv{x-߃ hnb p-sim p \\- p. ]ndh-øp-h v ] v Im n-hsn sim -SnsIm t mgpw Ic-bm-Xn-cp ]pwy-n-cn-x-\mb

68 _mhm-bpss IÆp-Ifpw Cud-\-Wn- p. Ac- a-wn- q Ign v Ip ptam-s\bpw `mcy-tbbpw apdn-bn \n p ]pd-tø p hn p. DS-s\ -Xs ap \n -b-{]-imcw ]pdøp \n Ah-cpsS hnimcn A s\ _mhm AI-tØ v hnfn- p. ""A m, Ip p-tams hnhmlw Xs ] n-bn h v ASpØ Xn -fmgvn cmhnse A -p awn p \S-Øn, Ip n-isf amtam-zo-kmbpw ap - Ww. Iev]\ H pw Fgp-Xn-Ø-cp- n-. hm m-ep Cu Iev]-\- axn. A 100 cq]bpw I]ym v 50 cq]bpw hmß-ww. ] n-bn 100 cq]m ImWn CSo- Ww. Hcp sndnb {]mb n-ø-ambn 100 cq] tzh-tem-isø `fim-c-ønepw CSm ]d-bww.'' _mhm ]d- -Xp-t]mse Xs A snbvxp. Ip p-tam\pw `mcy-ta-gvkn pw Ip n-iƒ pw Ah-cpsS hey- - \pw kz w In nb A\p-`-h-am-bn-cp- p. CS-\n-e- m-c\v Hcmfl kwxr-]vxnbpw. DØ-tc- y-bnse Hcp ] -W-Øn k m tpmen- m-c-\m-bn-cp Ip ptam 40 h jw apºv kz w amxr ktlm-zco ]p{xn-bmb tagvknsb alm-\-kcw ImWn- m-sa p ]d v Iq n-s m- p-t]mbn H n p Xmakn- -t mƒ P\n at\m-ppw, ca-wnbpw C v D X \ne-bn Ignbp p. Ip p-tam CXn-\Iw dn -b snbvxp \m n Xncn-s Øn kip-spw_w Xma-kn- p p (sim- p-sim v GXm\pw amk-߃ p apºv \ncym-x-\m-bn). ]mfin-xy-øns ]mc-ay-x-bn si. ]n. tp -_v simsn-bmøv kns NnIn- m w aqhm- p-]p-g-bn FØn. aqhm- p-]pg Ac-a\ d-ºn-ep ]Sn- m-sd -si- ns-øn-emwv F\n v Xma-kn- m `mkyap mbxv. HutK am Xotam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n Xmsg `mkøv Ct m-gsø tjm nwkv timwπ- Ivkns hs p Ing-t - `m-k-øp- m-bn-cp Hcp apdn-bn-emwp ]m Øn-cp- -Xv. A m-dp - t] v \n p {]m n- m-\p kuicyta B apdn-bn-ep- p. A m-eøv Xncpta-\nsb kµ in- m-s\-øp hcn {]ap-j hs-ic sslkviqƒ sluvamã-dm-bn-cp snω- pg si. ]n. tp -_v, simsn-bmøv (67) Ingp-ap-dn, Cßs\ Fgp-Xp p: 1956 G{]n - -sabv amk-ß-fn IpSpw -ap ]msøv ]utemkn. Fkv. kvidnbm IØ-\m, Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS injy {]ap-j-\mb ap ae- c aev]m tim\m v G{_lmw IØ-\m, ]ndhw Fcp-as n txma-k-, IS-a w ]pxp-t»cn sfk v A, I -\msv a p-tω A, time-t cn Fw. Nmt m- n-, I -bv tbml- m h o, ap a-{ n C. ]n. ]ueqkv, ]mtd v am Cuhm-\ntbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm, si. Fw. sndn-bm apx-em-b-h-cm-bn-cp- p. {]m -\bpw ]Tn- n- epw Ign- m Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS apjy-tpmen kpdn-bm-\n-bn-ep Fgp-ØmWv ^m. hn. sp. tpmk-^n-\m-bn-cp p ] n-bpss Npa-Xe. hnzym n-i-fn siωm-i-\mb kn. si. Ipcy- (Ingp-ap-dn) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS tpyjvt ktlm-z-c-]p-{x kn. si. G{_-lmw, s\spw-ipgn ]utem-kv, tpm Pv ] -vfm v F n-h Dƒs - n-cp- p. siωm-i- msc ]Tn- n- p- -Xn-\n-S-bn Ah p Ipd p hn{ia kabw simsp-ø-tijw Xncp-ta\n F pw Ac-a\ timºu v apgp-h \S p t\m p-am-bn-cp- p. Aßs\ \S- p-tºmƒ Hcp Znhkw Rm Xma-kn- p ]Sn- msd si n-s-øns apºn h v Fs hn-fn p. BZy-am-bn- mwv. Rm thkw Cd-ßn-s p ssiapøn. t]cv tp _v F m-sw pw Adnbn p. `nøn am{x-ap Ahn-SpsØ I qkv \ m- n-bxv Bcm-sW v Bcm- p. Rm\m-sW- p -]-d- -t mƒ Aev]-t\cw au\-ambn \n n v Fs Xe-bn ssih v ""sszhw \ns A\p-{K-ln- s '' F p-]-d p. B amk-øn Xs F\n v k m tpmen In n.- s] j ] n-bn v Ct mƒ 9 h jw Ign- p. B A\p-{Klw euini cwkøpw Bflob taje-bnepw sndn-b- txm-xn tcmkn-bm-sw- nepw Rm C pw A\p-`hn p hcp- p. HutK Xncp-ta-\n-sb-t mse C{X-am{Xw ]fin-x-\mb as m-cmƒ D m-bn- n-s - mwv Fs DØa hnizmkw. H -hm p sim v Im e w t\sn ]n. -kn. sndn-bm asp- m\n A\p-kva-cn- p p: Rm tzhtemiw hm Uv ap\nkn- Iu kn-e-dmbn sxc-s -Sp- -s p. ap Xp h jw ]g w D m-bn-cp hm Unse {][m\ tdmumb asp- m-\n - -tz-h-temiw tdmuv Sm snbvxn- n- m-bn-cp p. FÃn-ta v FSp-Ø-t mƒ cq]m snehv hcp-sa v a\- n-embn. A v {]Xnh jw 5000 cq]m am{x-amwv Hcp hm Un\v e`n- n-cp- Xv. 5 h jw snbvxmepw ] Xn hgn am{xta snøp-hm km[n- p-i-bp p. F v Xs -bp-a thsd Hcp tpmenbpw snøp-hm km[n- p-ibpw C.

69 thsd am Kw At\z-jn- -t mƒ 50 (Pn) F C\-Øn ticfw H p p ap\n-kn- m-en- n-iƒ v Hcp e w cq]m {Km v Ds v a\- n-em-bn. Cu tdmuns {]m[m\yw FSpØp Im n-s m v Hcp FgpØv a{ n v Ab-bv p- -Xn-\p-th n ]. HutK _mhmsb Rm I p. IØv hmbn p ti _mhm Xncp-ta-\n- I request you to give necessary order F `mkw hmbn- -t mƒ ""a{ n-bt to kindly give F p am w hcp-øp-hm ]d p. A{]-Imcw IØ-b p. HcmgvN Ign v cq]m {Km mbn A\p-h-Zn v adp-]sn In n. _m n cq]m ap\n-kn- m-en- n-bn \n v AS- -t mƒ s]mxp-a-cm-aøv hip v tdmuv Sm snbvxp. am Genbm IØo{U-ens ap `mk-øp ssaxm\w Icn- axn si n AS-hm- p- -]-Wn XpS-ßn-b-t mƒ _t -en-tbmkv timfpv A[n-ImcnIƒ ssaxm-\-øns sx p-h-iøp Ipsd ÿew timf-pns ^psvt_mƒ ^o Un\p th n hn p-x-c-w-sa v Bh-iy-s p. ] n- m kω-xn- m- -t mƒ timf-p-[n-ir-x _mhmsb kao-]n p. Xncp-ta\n, Ccp- Iq- -scbpw hnfn- n- p. Ccp hn`m- K- m-cp-ssbpw \nth-z\w ti Xncp-ta\n {][m\w ] n-bmwv. axn si n-t ms F p Iev]n p. X qew Ct mƒ D ssaxm-\-øns kuicyw \ -s n. am Genbm IØo{U-en CS- m-eøv Hcp tikv D mbn. s]mxptbmkw {SÃnsb am n. _mhm Ccp-Iq- -scbpw hnfn- n p. {SÃntbmSv "tbmpn p t]mim-sa- n Aßn-s\ -sn-øpi, As - n cmpnshbv pi. Rm am n-sb v th. s]mxp-tbm-k -Xo-cp-am\w F\n v Ah-K-Wn- m\pw ]msn ' F v ]d p. tbmpn p t]mim-sa p ]d- -t mƒ U]yq n sk{i- dn ]n. F. ss\\ms\ hnfn p. ""ss\\m m, {SÃn-bp-tS-Xmbn Hcp FgpØv Xøm-dm n sim p-h-cni'' F p ]d- p. ""F\n v Ipsd amk-ß-fmbn ] n-ifn h v {Ia-ambn Imcy߃ t\m m km[n- n- n-. `mhn-bn F mw icn-bmbn t\m ns m mw'' F p IØns \ hmbn pti _mhm "ss\\m m BZysØ hmn-i-øn\v tijw ""AXn Rm tjzn- p p'' F p IqSn tn p-hm Iev]n p. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS _p n A]mcw F v ti p\n {]ikvx-\mb ap A ym-]-i ]d- p. 17 F m-h pw \ amxri ]. _t -en-tbmkv HutK _mhm F m -hn-[-ønepw F mh pw amxr-i-bm-bn-cp p F v ]. _t -en-tbmkv am tømωm amxyqkv ZznXo-b ImtXm-en m _mhm 2000 \hw-º 19 - \p ]cpae ] n A -W-Øn \S-Ø-s HutK _mhm-bpss Nca cpx Pq_nen alm-ktω-f-\-ønse A y- -{]-kw-k-øn FSpØp ]d- p. Xncp-ta\n Cßs\ XpS p: {]m \, D]-hm-kw, t\mºm-ncww F nh apjap{z-bmbn kzoi-cn- n-cp ].- Hu-tK _mhm kabw sszhw Xcp Xme- m-sw p IcpXn Hcp \nanjw t]mepw If-bmsX hmb-\-bnepw ]T-\-Ønepw Bcm-[-\sb kºp- am- m- \p ]pkvxi cn-\-bnepw X -a-bnepw sne-h-gn p. D -X-amb Imcy-߃ km[n- -W-sa- n F m-hcpw Cu KpW-ß-ƒ kzmb-øam n {]h Øn- -Ww. {]bm-k-ßfpw {]Xn-_- -ßfpw AXn-Po-hn v ]m{xn-b okv _mhm-bp-ambn tbmpn v k`-bn kam-[m\w ssih-cp-øp- -Xn\pw km[n p. A -co w C v `n -am-bn-cn- p- p. AXn {]bm-k-ap- v. ]gb tbmpn v Xncn- p-h-cm F m-hcpw {]m n- Ww. {]m - \- sim v km[n- m-\m-hmø H p-an. `mc-x-øns k`-bmb Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bn Hcp \ \msf D m-ip-sa {]Xo- bpw ImtXm-en- m- _mhm {]I-Sn- n- p. ktω-f\w DZvLm-S\w snbvx tim Ãm n-t\m- n-fnse FIypsa-\n- ]m{xn-b o-kmb _ Ø-tem-antbm H m-a snbvx {]kw-k-øn sszh-øn\p th n kzbw ka n- p-ibpw hnizmk-øn\pw k`bv pw th n H -[niw I - m-sp-iƒ kln- p-ibpw k`sb sszhm-{i-b-tømss \bn- p-ibpw snbvx Hcp ]pwy-]p-cpj-\m-bn-cp p HutK _mhm F p Nq n- m n. k`-iƒ XΩnep sfiyw C v A\n-hmcyamsW pw ]c-kv]cw t]mcp- \-S-ØmsX kvt\l-tømss Hcp-an v \n v ss{ikvxh ZuXyw \nd-th- -W-sa pw At±lw ]d- p. Hcp timsn cq]m-bpss _t -en-tbmkv HutK {]Y-a Nmcn- -_nƒ F tum-hvsa v ^ n-te v FIypsa-\n- ]m{xn-b okv _mhm 1000 tumf (46000 cq]) kw`m-h\ snbvxp. ae- c k`-bpss ]c-tam- X _lp-a-xn-bmb ""Hm U Hm^v sk v

70 txmakv'' ]. ImtXm-en m _mhm FIyp-sa-\n- ]m{xn-b okn\p \ In _lp-am-\n- p. Nmcn- -_nƒ F tumhvsa v ^ v hnzym-`ymk a{ n ]n. sp. tpmk-^m-wv DZvLm-S\w snbvx-xv. apjy{]`m-jww \S-Ønb tum. Un. _m_p-t]mƒ, HutK _mhm-bpss ]pwy Pohn-X-Øns {]txy- I-X-Iƒ A\p-kva-cn- p. _u ni Xe-Øn DØ-a-t_m-[y-tØmsS adp-i n-bn \n v ImtXm-en-t - ns\ kl jw kzoi-cn aq p {]ikvx hy n-iƒ ^m. si. ]n. ]ueqkv I -d-bv, dh. tum. hn. kn. imap-h, HutK am Xotam-Øn-tbmkv (Hu-tK _mh) F n-h-cm-sw v _m_p-t]mƒ FSpØp ]d- p. Biwkm {]kwkw snbvx tum. Koh-dp-Kokv am HkvXm-Øntbmkv, Nmcn- -_nƒ ^ n \n p si nsw ]Wn v ]Ww sne-hm- -cp-sx pw k` ]Øp-e w cq]m kw`m-h\ snø-w-sa pw ]d- p. ss{ikvxh k`-bn Bcpw Bcp-sSbpw kp o-cn-b As pw kvt\l-amwv k {][m-\-sa pw sa{xm-t m-eoøm Nq n- m- n. s\bvtdm-_n-bn h v BtKmf ss{ikvxh k`-bpss kvac-wm- RvPen e`n HutK _mh-mbpss ]pwy kvac-w-bpss apºn ka n- -s - as m-c-\p-]a ARvP-en-bm-bn-cp p ]cpae ktω-f- \w. \nbp ImtXm-en m txmakv am Xotam-Øn-tbmkv kzmk-xhpw k`m sk{i- dn G. si. txmakv IrX- -Xbpw ]d- p \hw-º 19 - \p ]cp-ae ] n A -W-Øn \S-Ø-s HutK _mhm-bpss Nca cpx Pq_nen alm-ktω-f-\-øn \n v 18 ].-Hu-tK _mhmbpw tims\msv kotbm B{i-ahpw ] nbpw ]. _mhm-bpss ktlm-zc ]p{x\pw dn -bm Uv sslkviqƒ sluvam-ãdpamb ^m. kn. si. G{_lmw Cßs\ Fgp-Xp- p: hnip am tømωm «olm-bpss ]mz-kv] i-ta- -sx p hnizkn- -s -Sp ]pwy`qhn`mk-amb ae-bm- q ae-\n-c-i-fpss asn-ø- n \ne sim p tims-\msv {Kma-Øns Xne-I- p-dn-bmbn ]cn-ekn- p kotbm B{i-ahpw ] nbpw am HutK sslkviqfpw Ah-bpsS ÿm]-i-\mb HutK _mhm-bpss \nxy kvamc-i-ßfmwv. ae-\n-c-i-fpss ]\n-\o-cmbn Hgp-Ip s]cn-bm-dn-\m kzm`mhn-i-ambn hn`-pn- -s - -XmWv at\m-l-c-amb ae-bm- q. ae-bm- q Ipcn-ip-a-ebpw ae-bm- q t^mdãv Hm^okpw t\ p-t\ ÿnxnsn-øp p. ] v Ccp-I-c-I-fnepambn InS sim n ae-bm- qcpw, Xncphn-Xmw-Iq ae-bm- qcpw 1949 se Xncp-. -sim n kwtbm-p-\-tømss H mbn. AXm-bXv Ccp-I-cI-fnepw InS ae-bm- q `mk-߃ Hcp henb {Kma-amb tims-\m-smbn {]Jym-]n- -s p. Chn-SpsØ {]kn- -amb B\ ]cn-io-e\ ti{µw [mcmfw hntzi k m-cn-i-sfbpw BI jn- p-h-cp- p. ]e- kn- n-iƒ D m-bn-cp Xm]-k-h-cy-\mb Hcp al jn ] v tims-\msv Xma-kn- n-cp- p-sh pw At±-lsØ sn n-kzm-an-sb v Bfp- Iƒ hnfn- n-cp- p-sh pw Hcp sfxo-ly-ap v. B al jn Xma-kn- n-cp ÿew C pw sn n-\-s-sb pw B `mk-sø-] n sn n-\-s- - n-sb- p-amwv Adn-b-s -Sp- -Xv (kao-]-øp ae-bm- q ae-i-fn hn. txmam-«olm h n-cp- p-sh- n Cu sn n-kzm-an-sb v hnfn- ncp al jn Bcm-bn-cp- p-sh v B -dn-bmw). al jn Xma-kn- n-cp aqt -, h\w-h-ip p Poh-\- m-c-\m-bn-cp ]p pgn ]utemkv A sø hµy-xm-]-k-\mb HutK dºm- \v Zm\w snbvxp. AhnsS kotbm B{i-ahpw hn. -a s -bpss \ma-øn ] nbpw ÿm]n-x-am-bxv bmzron-i-a emwv Hcp sndnb Nm -en\v Bcw`w C Xv. s^{_p-hcn 2 \v am a s -bpss \ma-øn ae- c aev]m tim\m v amø timsd-

71 n-kvtim- m-bpss kl-i-c-w-tøm-sp-iqsn o_m am HkvXm- Øntbmkv Nm -ens inem-ÿm-]\w \S-Øn. HutK dºm- s {]Ya Bÿm-\-am-bn-cp Cu B{i-a-Øn Xma-kn v hs- `{Zmk-\-ß-fnse siωm-»- m, dºm- -s bpw ]nxmhv XpcpØn tn m- Ip-f-Øpw-Ic A{_lmw IØ-\m-cp-sSbpw Iogn sshzni ]cn-ioe\w \S-Øn-t m p. sim n CS-h-I-bpsS Imew snbvx ]utemkv am tkth-dn-tbmkv A -amen CS-h-I-bpsS Imew snbvx am {KntKm-dn-tbmkv F n-hcpw IWn-bmw-]-d-ºn Ipcy timsd- nkvtim m, BØp- Koh Kokv timsd- n-kvtim m, ]n. F. ]utemkv timsd- n-kvtim m, Abv -c- p n tamkkv timsd- nkvtim- m, ]pxp-t»cn Ck-lm v IØ-\m F n-hcpw ChnsS ]Tn- -h-cn Dƒs -Sp- p. C m-eøv dºm- s hµy-]n-xmhv A{_lmw IØ-\m Xpcp- Øn- n- n \n p tims\m v ÿew hmßn IpSpw_ ktaxw AhnsS ÿnc-xm-a-k-am n. CXv kotbm B{i-a- - n-bpss ]Wn v IqSp- X klm-b-i-am-bn. dºm- kphn-tij {]kw-k-øn-\mbn k cn- n-cp ] n-i-fn \n p kw`m-h-\-ifpw ktlm-z-c- m-cpss klmb kl-i-c-whpw ] n-bpssbpw B{i-a-Øn-s bpw ]Wnsb Xzcn-X-s -SpØn ]Wn ]q Øn-bm-b-t mƒ ÿnc-amb hcp-am\w e`n- m-\mbn ] n-bpss hs p `mkøv tdmu-cn-in Ipsd- ap-dn-iƒ ]Wn-I-gn- n v hms-ibv p simsp-øp HutK dºm- am Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bmbn hmgn- -s v I -\msv `{Zm-k\ `cww Gs -Sp-Ø-tXm-Sp-IqSn At±-l-Øns {i A{i-a- Øn \n pw `{Zm-k-\-Øn-te- p- am-dn. A{_lmw IØ-\m B{ia-Øn Xs Xma-kn- p-t]m- p Ipw`w 10 - mw XobXn A cn At±-lsØ ] n-tbmsp tn v hs- p-`m-køv I_-d-S- n. XpS v _. si. hn. Koh-dp-Kokv dºm- (Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-tIm-Sv) B{ia-Øn Xma-kn v Ipsd B{i-a-ÿsc ]cn-io-en- n- p. BØp- Koh-dp-Kokv IØ-\m, s]mbv m- n ]utemkv IØ-\m, ]møn- ]utemkv IØ-\m, Ip n- m-e-bv butk^v IØ-\m XpSßn ]ecpw ] n-bn I Ωm-Zn-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn- p- v. ae- c k`-bnse hyh-lm-c-øns {]lcw Xntam-Øn-tbmkv Xncpta-\n hf-sc-b-[niw A\p-`-hn-t n h p. A m-eøv Xncp-ta\nbpsS {][m\ B{i-b-ÿm\w tims-\msv kotbm B{i-aam-bn-cp- p. Xm m-en-i-ambn \n Ωn B{i-a-s - n-shpw IS-Ifpw ] n- X-s bpw At m-tg pw Po Æn v Ah \mam-h-ti-j-am-bn-øo-cp ÿnxn-bn-em-bn. At m-gmwv 1958 se k`m kam-[m-\-øn-\p-tijw `{Zm-k\ `cww hn v tims-\m v hn{ia PohnXw \bn- m-\mbn B{ia-sI- nsw ]pxp- n- -Wn-bn- -Xv sabv amkw 17 mw XobXn A`n-hµy Xncp-ta\n ]uckvxy ImtXm-en- mbpw ae- c sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bp-ambn sxc-s -Sp- s -Sp-Ibpw 1964 knwlm-k-\-ÿ-\m-hp-ibpw snbvxp. ]uckvxy ImtXm-en- m-bmbn \nc-w-øp-h v sxc-s -SpØ Znh-k-amb 1962 sabv 17 \mwv tims-\msv am HutK kviqfn\v A\p-hmZw e`n- -Xv Pq 4 mw XobXn Bcw-`n- -kviqƒ 1966 PqWn sslkviqfmbn. AXns Bcw`w apx 30 h jw Rm {]Y-am- ym-]-i-\mbn-cp- p. {]i-kvx-amb \ne-bn \S- p-h-cp am HutK sslkviqƒ tims-\m- p-im p e`n- Hcp henb kωm-\-am-wv. Xs ]nxmhv A y-hn-{iaw sim p tims-\msv B{i-a- n ]pxp- n- -Wn-tb- Xv AXy- m-t]- n-x-am-sw v Xncp-ta\n \n - bn- p. hfsc Ipd p ho p-im am{xap Cu ] n ]pxp- n- -Wnbp- -Xn\v Xncp-ta-\n- Xs ap ssi-sb-spøv ] n ]Wn-bpsS Npa- Xe Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ktlm-zc ]p{x- m-cmb Fs bpw kn. si. amxyphn-s\bpw Gev]n p. ] n-bpss \S-Øn- n\v Bh-iy-amb hcp-am\w e`n- -Ø -hæw IS-Iƒ tisp-]m-sp-iƒ Xo Øv hms-ibv v simsp- p-ibpw ] n- p-c-bn-s-øn d_dpw sxßpw h p ]nsn- n- p-ibpw snbvxp. B[p-\nI coxn-bn at\m-l-c-ambn ]Wn Ign- n ] n-bpss IqZm-im-I Ωw 1972 s^{_p-hcn 2,3 Xob-Xn-I-fn ]. HutK ImtXmen m _mhm-bpss {][m\ Im Ωn-I-XzØnepw sim n CS-h-I-bpsS am tkth-dn-tbm-kv, A -amen CS-h-I-bpsS am sxtbm-^n-temkv F n-h-cpss kl-im Ωn-I-Xz-Ønepw \SØn. ]. am a s, ]. sszh-am-xm-hv, ]. Koh-dp-Kokv klzm F n-h-cpss \ma-øn-emwv aq p t{xmtwm-kp-ifpw. ]. _mhm-bpss {]kw-k-øn ImtXm-en m knwlm-k-\-øn-te v Xosd-gp-Xn-bn- p- Xpw Ct mƒ Xncp-ta\nbpsS t\cn- p `c-w-øn Ccn- p- -Xp-amb kotbm B{i-a- n A - amen `{Zm-k-\m-[n-]s `c-w-øn hn p-sim-sp-øn-cn- p- -Xmbn {]kvxm-hn- p Pqse aq n\v F\n v I»oim ] w X v Cu ] n-bnse hnim-cn-bmbn \nb-an p. A p-ap-x ] n-bp-ssbpw kzøp- -fp-ssbpw ta t\m w hln- p-h-cp- p. ] n-bpss DS-a-ÿ-X-bn hn. Koh-dp-

72 Kokv kl-zm, ]. _t -en-tbmkv _mhm, ]. ]cp-a-e -Xn-cp-ta\n F nh-cpss t]cn Ipcn-in sxm niƒ ÿm]n- n- p- v. 20 apdn-iƒ ]q Ønbm n hms-ibv v simsp-øn p v. Hcp PqWn-b kviqƒ ]. _mhmbpss \ma-øn Bcw-`n- p-ibpw 1997 \hw-_ 27- \v ]. _t -entbmkv am tømωm amxyqkv ZznXo-b ImtXm-en- m -_mhm DZvLm- S\w snøp-ibpw snbvxp. ] n-bpss πm n\w Pq_nen satωm-dnb lmƒ ]Wn-I-gn- n- p-ibpw CS-hI sa{xm-t m-eoøm ]utemkv am ]t m-an-tbmkv AXns DZvLm-S\w 1999 P\p-hcn 21 \p \n ln- p-ibpw snbvxp. F m h jhpw Unkw-_ F p Ign p hcp Rmb-dmgvN ChnsS ]. HutK _mhmbpss Hm Ω-s -cp- mƒ BtLm-jn- p -hcp p. _mhm-tbmsv ` nbpw _lp-am-\-hp-ap Bfp-Iƒ kl-icn v _mhm-bpss t]cn Hcp Nmcn- -_nƒ ^ v G s -Sp-Øn-bn- p- v. s]cp- mƒ snehp Ign v In p ]Ww Cu ^ n\v apx q- p- p. \n -\-cmb tcmkn-iƒ pw A\m-Ym-e-b-߃ pw kmº-øni klmbw \ Ip-hm\pw kviqƒ Ip n-iƒ v ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-ßfpw bqwn-t^mapw hmßn-s m-sp- p-hm\pw h jw-txmdpw Hcp \ XpI Cu ^ n \n p hn\n-tbm-kn- p-h-cp p. ]. _mhm-bpss Nca cpx Pq_nen kvamc-i-ambn aq p \ne-ifp Hcp Ipcn-in sxm n hn. am tømωm «olm-bpss \ma-øn ]WnXv Ah-km\ an\p p ]Wn-Iƒ \S-Øn-s m- n-cn- p- p. 19 Fs ÿm\hpw Poh\pw t]mbmepw k`-m kzmx{ yw If- p- Ipfn n aq p- Z-im-_vZ-߃ p apºv ].- Hu-tK {]Y-a _mhm snbvx Ncn{X {]kn- -amb Hcp {]kvxm-h\ A\p-kva-cn- n- p-sim v Cu Poh Ncn{Xw Ah-km-\n- n- -s. tim bw `{Zm-k-\m-[n-]-\m-bn-cp ]mtd v amxyqkv am Cuhm-\n-tbm-kns 75 - mw P -Zn\w {]am-wn v tim bw am Gen-bm IØo-{U A -WØn tn ktω-f-\- Øn-emWv k` t\cnsp Nne {]iv\-ßsf ap \n Øn ImtXm-ent - ns B Imh `S A -i- bv nsbn- msx C{]-Imcw {]kvxm-hn- Xv. txmakv am Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbpw A sø Fw. Un. F v. Fkv. sl-uvam-ã kn. bp. amxyphpw Rm\pw {]kw-kn- -h-cn Dƒs -Sp- p. _mhm-bpss A\-izc hn-\- ߃ hmbn p-i. ""Fs amxmhv Fs {]k-hn- Xv ImtXm-en m knwlm-k-\-sa ]hn-{x]ot-øn-encp v ]mc-º-cy-ßfpw {]am-wßfpw ewln- m-\. ]. am tømωm «olm ÿm]n- Xpw {]Xn-k- n-i-fp-ssbpw {]Xn-Iq-eß-fp-sSbpw CS-bnepw sszhir]-bm ]cnip ]nxm- - m kwc- n pw `{Zambn `c-taev]n -Xp-amb ae- -ck-`-bpss kzx-{ -amb \ne-\n ]ns hne-tb-dnb \n[nbpw ÿm\hpw If pipfn p IS- p-t]m-ip-hm Rm Hcp- -a. Fs ]Z-hnbpw Poh\pw t]mbmepw am tømωm «olm-bpss k`-bpss knwlm-k-\-øns am n\pw aln-abv pw lm\n- h-cp-øp H n\pw Rm Iq p\n p-i-bn-.'' ]. HutK _mhm-bpss kvamc-i-ambn ]ndam-søv ÿm]n- p {]Xymi `hs inem-ÿm-]\w ]. amxyqkv ZznXo-b ImtXm-en m _mhm \n ln- p- p.

73 kwkm-cn- p Nn{X-߃ Ncn{X kvacw DW Øp Hcp Nn{Xw \mev]xp h jw apºv aqhm- p-]pg Ac-a-\-bn tn Hcp sshzn-i-tbmkw. Ccn- p- -h : ^m. ]utemkv \mc-i-øv, ^m. s{]m^-k. n. hn. tpm, ^m. G{_lmw Hmen-bn, HutK am Xntam-Øn-tbm-kv, ]t{xmkv am HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kv, ^m. tpmk^v Ip n- m-e-bv, ^m. eqt mkv txm n, ^m. Koh-dp-Kokv apdn-a- -Øn. (tijw ASpØ t]pn ) \nev p- -h : ^m. ]t{xmkv samxm, ^m. si. kn. txma-kv (txmakv am a m-dn-tbm-kv), ^m. aømbn N m- n- n, ^m. txmakv If-hm, n. hn. ^nen-t mkv timsd- n-kvtim- m, ^m. Ipcym-t mkv H. sf. kn., ^m. Koh-dp-Kokv ]mtd, ^m. tpm v ta n- -c. c mw \nc: ^m. s{]m^. -si. kn. tpmk-^v, ^m. kj-dnbm Imcp-th-en, ^m. si. ]oen-t m-kv (]oen-t m-kv am sxtbm-^n-tem-kv), ^m. ]n. hn. tpmk^v (tpmk^v am ]t m-an-tbmkv), ^m. Ipcym-t m-kv Nhcpw πm n, ^m. tpmk^v sh n-bm-am-cn, ^m. kn. si. G{_lmw tn m-ip-f-øn Ic, ^m. tpm Pv ] vfm- v, ^m. si. si. amxyqkv (amxyqkv am _ _mkv). api-fn-se- \nc: ^m. F. sf. ]utem-kv, ^m. kvidnbm \oem-, ^m. ]utem-kv, ^m. timc hdp-ko-kv, ^m. hn. hn. _l-\m (17 t] Ct mƒ ]tc-x-cm-wv). amxyqkv am Cuhm-\n-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm-bpss 75 - mw P -Zn\- Øn si. hn. amω Biwkm {]kwkw snøp- p. txmakv am Xntam- Øn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm kn. bp amxyp F n-h-scbpw ImWmw.

74 tim -bøp tn am HutK kntºm-kn-b-øn tim\m v A{_lmw aev]m {]kw-kn- p- p. ]n n F. Fw. G{_-lmw, am ]t m-an-tbm-kv, ]. amxyqkv {]Y-a ImtXm-en m _mhm. sshzni skan-\m-cn p-th n A p e w cq]m-bpss F tum-hvsa v ^ v tij-cn ]n. sp. timin, aømbn amxyqkv F n-hsc ]. HutK _mhm k`m-`q-j _lp-axn AWn-bn- p- p. \mep Zim_vZw apºv thßq \S-Ø-s o_m-zm-k kaql hm jni ktω-f-\-øn h v "]t{xmkv am HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv' F Poh-N-cn{X {KŸw BZy {]Xn {KŸ-I Øm-hmb ]n. ]n. h n p \ In-s m v HutK am Xotam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm {]Im-i\w snøp p. a[yøn {]km-[-i-\mb si. hn. amω. aq p Zim-_vZ-߃ p apºv ].- Hu-tK _mhm-tbm-ssm w. ImtXm-ent v Ac-a\ ap amt\-p ^m. n. kn. tp _v, Ct m-gsø amt\-p ^m. Sn. Pn. kj-dn-b, si. hn. amω, Ct m-gsø ]gb skan-\mcn amt\- P ^m. si. hn. tpmk-^v.

75 Xpcp-Øn-bn IpSpw-_-Øns hnhn[ imj-i-fn s]- -hcpw Xnc-»o-e v A p-døp IS- -h-cp-amb hµy -ssh-zn-i XpcpØn-bn IpSpw-_-Ønse C sø sshzn-i 1. Bb-Øp-IpSn ^m. -ss]en ]utemkv.2. Bb-Øp-IpSn Xpcp-Øn-bn ^m. -ss]en txmωm. 3. Bb-Øp-IpSn Xpcp-Øn-bn ^m. amøp -txmωm. 4. Bb-Øp-Ip-Sn-bn ^m. -txmωm ]utemkv. 5. Xpcp-Øn- tn m-ip-f-øn Ic ^m. -ss]en G{_lmw. 6. XpcpØnbn ^m. Koh-dp-Kokv. 7. XpcpØn tn mipf-øn Ic ^m. A{_lmw lmt_. 1. ^m. kn. si. G{_lmw XpcpØn tn mipf-øn Ic. 2. ^m. si. G{_lmw (B-b-Øp-Ip-Sn) Xpcp-Øn-bn. 3. ^m. Gen-bmkv tn m-ip-f- Øn Ic Xpcp-Øn-bn. 4. ^m. t]mƒ txm-akv Bb-Øp-Ip-Sn-bn. 5. ^m. s{]m^. H. sp. tp _v HmW-t»cn XpcpØn-bn. 6. ^m. Sn. hn. tpmwn Xncp-hm- pfw Xpcp-Øn-bn. 7. ^m. kj-dnb hdp-kokv XpcpØn HmW-t»- cn, Xncp-hm- pfw.

76 apf- p-cpøn I tω Zbdm Nm -en ]t{xmkv am HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kns kwkvimc ip{iq-j. Dƒ n{xw ]t{xmkv am HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kv tims-\msv B{i-a- n πm n\w Pq_nen satωm-dn-b lmƒ DXvLm-S\w ]utemkv am ]t m-an-tbmkv \n -ln- p- p