ae- -c-k-`-bnse Bcm-[\{Ia߃: A -Sn-bpsS \mƒh-gn-iƒ

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "ae- -c-k-`-bnse Bcm-[\{Ia߃: A -Sn-bpsS \mƒh-gn-iƒ"

Transcription

1 ae- -c-k-`-bnse Bcm-[\{Ia߃: A -Sn-bpsS \mƒh-gn-iƒ tpmbvkv txm -bv msv Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-߃ amxr-`m-j-bn F hnπ-hm-fli-amb {]ÿm\w ae- -ck`-bn Bcw-`n- Xv \ho-icw Ime-Øm-Wv. 19 mw \q m- ns ]q Δm -Øn anj-w-dn-amcpw \ho-i-c-w-t\-xm- fpw Bh Øn Hcp ap{zm-hm-iy-amwv Bcm-[\ amxr-`m-j-bn F -Xv. ]pen-t m- n C q v IØ-\mcpw (]n- osv tim bw ]gbskan-\mcn ÿm]-i ]pen-t m- n am Zoh- m-tkymkv) Imbw-Ipfw ^nen-t m-kv d-ºm\pw tn v kphn-ti-j-߃ kpdn-bm-\n-bn \n p ae-bm-f-øn-te v `mjm- cw snbvxv 1811 t_mws_-bn \n p {]kn- o-i-cn dºm ss n-fmwv Cu {]ÿm-\-ønse {it -b-amb BZy- IrXn. Bcm-[-\-Iƒ `mkn-i-ambn hnh Ø\w snøp-hm-\p {ia-߃ I-fn Bcw-`n- p. ]pen-t m- n C q v dºm Io Ø-\-]p-kvX-Ihpw Ip m-\-{i-ahpw \a-kvim-c-{i-a-ßfpw hnh Ø\w snbvxp. tim\m v aev]m- mcpw Cu cwkøv {it -b-amb kw`m-h-\-iƒ \ In. XpS v ]pen-t m- n tpmk^v am Zoh m-tkymkv c ma 1905 hsc Ipd- Xv 15 ]Xn- p-i-fn-embn ]Xn-\m-bn-c- -W- n\v \a-kvim-c-{i-a-hpw hn. Ip _m-\-{i-a-hpw {]kn- o-i-cn p. hosp-i-fn D]-tbm-Kn- p-hm-\mbn t{imuo-i-cn- -s \a-kvim-c-ßfpw hn. Ip _m-\-bn P\-߃ snm p {]Xn-hm-Iy-ßfpw ip{iq-j-i snm p a y-ÿ-{]m -\-Ifpw a p-amwv BZy-Ime hnh Ø-\-ØneqsS e`y-am-b-xv. Ip _m-\-{i-a-øn P\-߃ snm p F m Km\hpw ae-bm-f-øn e`y-am-i-w-sa v B{Kln Bfm-bn-cp p ]. ]cp-a-e-xn-cp-ta-\n. I -Øn h Kokv am n-f-bp-ss klm-b-tømss sshzn-i-sk-an-\mcn aev]m- m-cmb h -t»-cn Koh Kokv dºm\pw tim\m v amø aev]\pw B B{Klw \nd-th n. XpS v h ti-cn Koh Kokv aev]m-\pw, tim\m v amø aev]m\pw IywXm-bpsS Ggp- bm-a-ß-fnse \a-kvim-c-߃ aebmf KZy-Øn-te v hnh Ø\w snbvxp. hdp-kokv am n-f Ah-bpsS Km\m-hn-jvImcw \S-Øn. ASpØL -Øn hn. Ip m-\, B p-x-ivkm-{i-a-߃, IqZm-i-{I-a-߃ F n-h-bpss {]pan-tbm skzvdm- Iƒ ae-bm-f-øn-te v hnh Ø\w snbvxp. {ItaW I o-e, Il-ss\-Øm, IqZm-i-{I-a-߃, B p-xivkm F n-h-bpss Km\-߃ KZy-ambn hnh Ø\w snbvxp. IqSmsX IjvSm-\p`h BgvN-bnse {]pan-tbm skzdm-iƒ hnh Ø\w snbvxxpw Cu Ime-L- -Øn-em-Wv. _Y-\n-bnse ^m. ]n. n. Koh Ko-kns t\xr-xz- Ønepw ]pen-t m- n C q v siωm-i, aq -t -cn ]t{xmkv siωm-i F n-h-cpss kl-i-c-w-ønepw hn. Ip _m\ XIvkm {]kn- o-i-cn- -s - p. am bmt m-_v, am Znh- m-tkym-kv, am Cuhm-\n-tbmkv F o Npcp w Nne {Ia-ßsf AXn D m-bn-cp- p- q emwv AXns BZy-]-Xn v Cd-ßn-b-Xv. h tøm-fns Ic-kv] i-øm kwkvir-x-]z_lp-e-amb lmim BgvN-bnse {]pan-tbm\v ]n osv kc-f-amb Hcp hnh Ø\w \ In-bXv a -bv Ae-Ivk{ -tbmkv aev]m-\m-wv. \nxy-{]m -\m-{iaw F t]cn hosp-i-fn D]-tbm-Kn- p-hm _rl-ømb Hcp \a-kvim-c-{iaw tim\m v amø tim F n-kvtim m hnh Ø\w snbvxv {]kn- o-i-cn- p. hnh Ø-\-cw-KØv Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-amb kw`m-h-\-iƒ snbvx as mcp hy n HutK am Xotam-Øntbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm (]. HutK _mhm) BWv. hen-b-t\m-ºn-sebpw aq p-t\m-ºn-sebpw {]pan-tbm skz-dm-iƒ, ] n-iq-zm-i, ] w-sims F n-h-bpss KZy-]-Zy-߃ Dƒs ss kºq Æ-{I-aw, aqtdm IqZm-i- {I-aw, sskøp IqZm-i-{Iaw XpS-ßn-bh At±-l-Øns kw`m-h-\-iƒ BWv. B -S- -ap Ip _m-\- bpss lqtømωm-iƒ, kpdn-bm-\n-bnepw ae-bm-f-ønepw cnn- Xpw At±lw Xs. Ip w-ipfw ]\-bv bmt m_v IØ-\m ivloam \a-kvim-c-ønse ]e {]m -\-Ifpw Ip n-en-tbm sk p-ifpw IqZm-i-{I-a- Øn-sebpw B p-x-ivkm-bn-sebpw GXm\pw Km\-ßfpw hnh Ø\w snbvxv kpdn-bm\n Io Ø-\-ame F hnh Ø\ {KŸw Xøm-dm- n. \cn-a- -Øn F. F. bqlm-t\m aev]m hen-b-t\m-ºn-sebpw lmim BgvN-bn-sebpw aq p-t\m-ºn-sebpw Imt\m-\-m \-a-kvim-c-øn-s bpw KZy-hn-h Ø-\-߃ Xøm-dm n. ]. Koh Kokv ZznXo-b ImtXm-en- m-_m-hm-bpss ImeØv tim bw sshzn-i-sk-an-\m-cnsb ti{μo-icn v {it -b-amb Nne hnh Ø-\-߃ \S- p. ^m. hn. si. amxyqkv (]n osv ]. amxyqkv {]Y-a _mhm) Bbn-cp p {][m\ kwlm-s-i. IywXm-bpsS {Ia-Øn\v ]pdsa Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fnepw s]cp-\m-fp-i-fnepw D]- tbm-kn- p-hm _p[-\mgvn \a-kvim-c-øn Nne Rmb-dmgvN {Iao-I-c-W-߃ Iq n-t Øv o_m-\-a-kvimcw F Hcp {Iaw At±lw FUn p snbvxp- m- n. AXns Km\m-hn-jvImcw hrøm-\p-hr-ø- KoX ]cn-`m-jbmbn \n h-ln- Xv shæn- pfw kn. ]n. Nm n-bm-wv. ]n osv Ch c p-t]cpw tn v ]e Bcm-[-\-{I-aßfpw Xøm-dm n {]kn- o-i-cn- p. \ho-i-cw \-akvim-c-{i-a߃ ae- -c-k-`-bn Bcm-[\{Ia߃ A -Sn v {]kn- o-i-cn- p-hm Bcw-`n- Xv em-wv tim bw

2 kpdn-bm\n skan-\mcn A p-iq-s-ø-n \n v ]me- p- Øv am-xyqkv am A-Øm-\m-tkymkv {]kn- o-i-cn \a-kvim-c-{i-aamwv ae- -c-k-`-bnse A -Sn-ajn ]pc BZy Bcm-[-\-{Iaw. CXns c mw ]Xn v tim bw kpdn-bm\n skan-\mcn A p-iq-s-øn \n -p -Xs {]kn- oi-cn- p {]kn- o-i-cn \-akvim-c-{i-a-øns Ih t]-pn C{]-Imcw ImWp p: ""\a-kvim-c-{i-aw. tim bw kpdn-bm\n knω\mcn A p-iq-s-øn \n v am am-xyqkv A-Øm-\m-tkymkv sa{x-m-t m-eo-øm -{]kn- o-icn- Xv '' se \-akvim-c-{i-a-øns Ih t]pn C{]Imcw ImWp p: ""kvxpxn snmδm-i-s kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n- mcpss \-akvim-c-{i-a-߃ kp-dn-bm-\n-bn \n pw ]cn-`m-j-s SpØn-bXv ae- c CSh-h-IbpsS am AØm-\m-tkymkv sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbpss Ie-v-]\{]Imcw tim -bøv kpdn-bm\n knω-\mcn A p-iq-s-øn ASn- -s - -Xv '' se \-akvim-c-{i-a ]cn-`mj 1845, 1856 F o h j-ß-fn am AØ-m-\m-tkymkv {]kn- o-i-cn \a-kvim-c-{i-a-߃ \ho-i-cw Bi-b-߃ tn ØmWv {]kn- o-i-cn- -Xv. CXn-s\-Xnsc ]pen-t m- n butk-^v (tpm-k-^v) IØ-\m timgn-t m v t]mbn Imf-l-kvXn-b m apx-en-bm-cpss hnzym-hn-emkw A p-iq-s-øn \n v \a-kvimc-{i-a-øns as mcp ]cn-`mj {]kn- o-i-cn- p. I n {]kn- o-i-cn Cu \a-kvim-c-{i-a-øns c mbncw {]Xn-I-fmWv A -Sn- -Xv {]kn- o-i-cn Cu \a-kvim-c-{i-a-øns Ih t]-pn C{]-Imcw ImWp p: ""kvxpxn snmδm-is kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n- mcpss \-akvim-c-{i-a-߃ kp-dn-bm-\n-bn \n pw ]cn-`m-j-s SpØn-bXv. CX. a. cm. cm. NXp-c ] Ww Imf-l-kvXn-b apx-en-bmc Ah- I-fpsS ai simgns ms knhn skj tim-sxn inc-kvx-zm Acp-Wm-Ne apx-en-bm-cpss hnzym-hn-emk A p-iq- -Øn A -Sn- -s - p mw h jw am v amkw. {]n S bim-bm.'' Cu aq p Aaq-ey -{K-Ÿ-ß-fp-sSbpw tim n ]mºm- ps tim\m v sse{_-dn-bn D v. ae- -c-k-`-bnse ]pcm-x-\-{k-ÿ-߃ txsn tim\m v sse{_-dn-bn Cu tej-i \S-Ønb Kth-j-W-]-T-\-Øn Cu {KŸ-ß-ƒ ImWp-hm\pw ]cn-tim-[n- p-hm\pw CS-bm-bn- p- v se Ip m-\-{i-a -]-cn-`mj sim n shtã Ãm {]kn \n p-amwv Cu ]cn-`mj A -Sn- n-d- n-b-xv. ]Xn-s\m- c sk nao- \ofhpw Ggc sk o-ao- hoxn-bp-ap Cu IrXn v 48 t]pp-iƒ am{xta D p. t]m - n CSmhp hen- ta Cu Ip m-\-{i-a-øn\v D p. Hcp butk^v IØ-\m-cmWv ]cn-`m-j-i. Ih t]-pn C{]- Imcw ImWp p: ""kvxpxn-snm-δm-i-s bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm-\n- m-cpss Ip m-\-{i-a-øns X n-a. sim n shtã Ãm {] v butk^v IØ-\m.'' ]cn-`m-jbv v butk^v IØ-\m Fgp-Xnb kp{]-[m-\-amb "apj-hpc' ChnsS D -cn- p p: ""\ΩpsS ] n-i-fn Ipdp-_m-\-{Iaw `mj-s -Sp-Øn-s m- p- Xp \S- mbn hcp- -Xp-sIm pw AXn P\-ß-ƒ snms - p `mk-߃ Fs p an -hcpw A-dn- n- n- m-bvi-sim pw {]Xnhm-Iy-߃ F mw {Ia-ambn snm msx Nne Ipg- n h p-t]mip- Xp Xosc bp -a- m-ø- Xn-\m B Ipdhp \ni-øp Xnte p Cu sndnb ]pkvxiw D]-tbm-K-amIpw F p hnnmc-tøm-sp-iqsnbs{x Rm CXp s]mcpƒ Xncn- n-cn- p- -Xp. Ipdp-_m\ XIvkm apgp-h ]cn-`mj-s -Sp-Øn-sb- nse saev]-d Ipd-hn\p ]q Æ- ]-cn-lmcw hcq F p Nne ]d-bp-am-bn-cn- pw. BbXp icn-x-s F nepw AXn-te- p- m-hp A zm-\hpw ]W n-ehpw slxp-hm hfsc km[p- ƒ AXn \n- p- m-ip D]-Im-c-߃ p CX-c- m-cmbn `hn- p-si ]mßp p F p hcpw. F m AXym-h-iy-amb `mk-߃ am{xw FSpØp `mjs -SpØn A -Sn- n m hne Ipd- n-cn- p- -Xm-I-bm F m- -Sp-Xn-bn-ep-ap Bfp-Iƒ pw D]-tbm-K-am-Ip-sa- p B -c-tøm-sp- Iq-sS-bmWv Cu amxr-i-bn CXp Nsa- n-cn- p- -Xv. P\-ß-fn ]e pw Io Ø- \-߃ ]msp- -Xn Hml-cn- m-cm-ip- -Xn\p B{K-l-ap- -Xm-I-bmepw ]cn-`m-j-s -Sp-Øn-bm ebw sx n-t m-ip-sa p i n pw Nne Io Ø-\-߃ kpdn-bm-\n-`m-j-bn Xs ae-bmf A c-ß-fmbn CXn sn Øn- p- v. CXnse ]cn-`mj aqe-`m-j-tbmsp HØ-Xm-I-bm \ΩpsS ] n- Ifn F m-søpw CXp kzoi-cn p D]-tbm-K-am- n-s m- p-sa- p B{K-l-sØm-Sp-IqsS CXp A -Sn- n- n-cn- p- -p.- F 1869 sk]vss{º 15- \p am. -sbm-sk^p IØ-\m

3 1875- se \ho-i-cw hn. Ip m\ ]cn-`mj ]me- p- Øv amxyqkv am AØm-\m-tkymkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm {]kn- o-i-cn hn. Ip m-\{ia ]cn- `m-j-bpss A mw ]Xn v tim -bøv skan-\mcn A p-iq-s-øn \n v {]kn- o-ir-x-am-bn. Cu ]cn- `m-j-bpss H p apx \mep hsc-bp ]Xn- p-iƒ GXp h j-ß-fn-emwv {]kn- o-i-cn- Xv F v Ad-nhn apx tim bw kpdn-bm\n skan-\m-cn-bn A p-iqsw D -ÿn-xn- v, \p apºp Xs Cu ]cn-`m-j-bpss H mw ]Xn v {]kn- o-i-cn p ImWm-\mWv km y-x. Ac- p m\ {Iaw (]mxn Ip m-\-{i-aw) amth-en- c kp -l-tzm-kn ae- ck`-sb-s m p s{]m -Ã v hnizmkw kzoi-cn- n- m-\p {ia-øn ]cm-p-b-s Cw ojv anj-\-dn-am Ah-cpsS kzm[o-\-øn-ep- m-bn-cp ]me- p- Øv A{_lmw aev]m apx-emb Nne ] - m-cn-eqss XIvkm-bn \n p Ip m\ _en-bm-sw- p `mkw, acn- -h p th n-bp {]m -\, ]cn-ip- - m-tcm-sp a y-ÿ-{]m \ apx-em-bh am n Hcp ]pxnb XIvkm \n - Ωn p. XIvkm \n Ωm-W-Øn\p tijw XIvkm \n ΩmW IΩ-n n-bn AwK-ß-fm-bn-cp \mep ] - m-cn c p-t] AXp-]-tbm-Kn p Ip m\ snm m hnk-ω-xn- p. A{_lmw aev]m\pw ssix-bn aev]m\pw Cu XIvkm D]-tbm-Kn p Ip m\ snm n. Cßs\ sh n- p-d XIvkmbv v "Ac p m\' F ]cn-lm-k-t cp e`n- p Cu Ip m-\-{iaw tim -bøv anj {] n \n pw A -Sn p {]kn- o-i-cn- p (C-Xn\p apºv Cu Ip m-\-{iaw A -Sn p {]kn- o-i-cn- n- pt m F Imcyw Adn-hn- ). Cu {KŸ-Øns Ih t]-pn C{]-Imcw ImWp p: ""\ΩpsS I Ømhpw c n-xm-hp-amb tbip-an-in-lm-bpss ktlm-z-c-\mb ip. a. bms m_ «nlm-bpss Ipdp-_m-\-{I-aw. tim -b-ø A Sn X. Printed at the Church Mission Press, Cottayam '' Cu {KŸ-Øns apj-hp-c ImWpI: At ym-jym-bpss am ]s{xmkzm knwlm-k-\-øn Iog ]pcm-x-\-am-bn H s«w sae- y- s CS-h-Ibpw, blq-zn-bm, s_xv\-l-do, kvidnbm F szi-ßfpw sndnb BkymbpsS sxs `mkhpw AS-ßn-bn-cp- p. C q h tzi-ß-f-n hg-ßn-h Ipdp-_m-\-{I-asØ Ipdn p {]sxyiw hnnm-cn-s - -Xmbn ImWp p. F p-sim-s - m H m-a-x, H s«w k` kie {InkvXym\n k`-i-fp-ssbpw amxmhpw As ym-jym, hnizm-kn-isf {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ F p hnfn- -s ÿehpw Bbn-cp- p. c m-a-x, As ym-jym-bpss Ipdp-_m-\-{Iaw AXns Np pap F m szi-ß-fnepw \S- mbn D]-sbm-Kn- p-h- p. aq m-a-x, ]q h-]n-xm- - m-cpw, k`m-ncn-{x- mcp-am-b-h as - m- n-s\- mƒ ]pcm-x-\-am-bn- pw, hnsi-j-am-bn pw h Æn- n-cn- p- X C n {IasØ Ipdn- m-ip- p. As ymjym ]m{xn-b m-bpss CS-h-I-bnse \nhm-kn-iƒ bms m-_m-b- m-cp, H søm- Zp-Ivkmb an Jm-b- mcpw BIp- p. sams\m-]o-km-b- m-cpss {][m\n Bb bms m Zobk Pohn- n-cp- X Bdmw -ixm-_vz-øn Bbn-cp- p. H søm-zp-ivkmb an Jm-b- m ]n os IpkvX Xo-s\m-s m-eo-kns ]m{xn-b m-sbms tn n-cp- p. kp -ltzmkv IqSn sams\m- o-km-b- m-sc Ip w hn[n, k`-bn \n pw X nb- sijw ""ImsXm-en m'' F s]mxp-hnep hnizm-ksø c n p hcn-i-bm As{X Ch p cmp-i- n-iƒ F A -am-ip an Jm-b- m F s] D m-b-x. F m ""H -s«-ans H m-asø sae- y- '' F p ]pcm-x-\-ambn ]d-b-s - n-cn- p ip -ap am bms m_ «olm-bpss \maw [cn- n-cn- p ] -n-{i-asø bms m-_m-b- m-cpw, an m-b- m-cp-amb Ccp-`m-K- mcpw Gdnb Ime-ambn ssis m- p-hcp- p. bms m-_m-b- m... as m- n-s\bpw D]-I-cn- n- p- n- m-sb- nepw an m-b-v m...-s{s p k`-bpss ] n-{i-a-søbpw IqsS -ssi-s m p hcp-...-{iaw bh- \mb `mj-bnepw, ip -ap am bms m-_ns X kpdn-bm-\n-bn am{xhpw BIp- p. ""\ΩpsS I Øm-hns ktlm-z-c-\mb am bms m-_ns Ipdp-_m-\-{Iaw'' F p s]cmbn Xpsemw ]pcm-x-\-am-bx As ym-jym-bp-ssbpw, kqdn-bm-bp-ssbpw ]q h-{in-kvxym-\n-iƒ ssis m p h p F p X _mhm- m-cpss \n w-i-b-amb Fgp-Øp-I-fn \n pw, cmp-iev]-\-i-fn \n pw kv]jvs-am-ip- p. {InkvXm_vZw 451- I -szm-\n sh D mb kq mszm-kn sams\m- o-km-b- m-cpw, an m-b- mcpw XΩn Hcp ]q Æ ]ncn- n D mbn F nepw Ccp-`m-K- mcpw Xß-fpsS ] n-{iaw ip -ap am bms m_ «olm-bn \n D m-b-sx p ]d-ibpw Hcp {Iaw-Xs BN-cn- p-h-cn-ibpw snbvxp. Ccp-`m-K- mcpw D]-sbm- Kn p-h kpdn-bm-\n-bn-se-bpw, bh-\m-bn-sebpw ] -n-{i-a-ßsf ]cn-sim-[n- m Ch c n pw aqew H p-xs F p km n- m X -Xmbn AXn-i-b-amb Nne sn -Iƒ CXnse ip{iqj-i-fn-epw, {]m -\-I-fnepw F {]sxyiw Nne ]Z-ß-fnepw IqsS Im m-\p- v. an m-

4 b- m-cpss bh-\mb ] -n-{iaw 10- mw ixm-_vz-øn Ccp- -{]-Imcw Xs Cs mgpw Ccn- p- p. sxhm-szm-sdm-x, bsdmw, {InskmkvsXmw apx-e-mb-h C{]m -\-I-fn \n p Nne `mk߃ FSpØ ]d- n-cn- p- Xp IqSmsX H s«-an-s sae- y- -\mb am Iqdn-semkpw kpdnbm-\n- m-cpss Hcp henb Kpcp-hmb am As{]apw Aßns\ Xs snbvxn-cn- p- p. Ch F m-hcpw \memw ixm-_vz-øn\p apºp Pohn- n-cp- -h-cpw, As ymjym knwlm-k-\-sømsp kw_- n- -hcpw Bbn-cp- p. C -h-sb mwsim pw C - n-{iaw F{Xbpw ]pcm-x-\-am-b-sx p km n-s -Sp- p. F m Ime-{I-aw-sIm pw, AXmX ka-b-ß-f-n D mb ITn\ X w slxp-hmbn D mbn- p Nne {]sxyi D]-tZ-i-ßfpw A\p-k-cn pw GXm\pw kwk-xn-i-sf-bpw, {]m -\-Isfbpw ]e Ime-ßfnembn C - n-{i-a-ß-fn sn Øn- p- v. sn -s - -h-bn an -Xpw hnizm-k-øn\p sbmky-ap- -h-bpw, GXm\pw AXn\p sn -bn- m-ø-hbpw BIp- p. AXn- \m aew-ic CS-h-I-bn-ep bms m-_m-b- m-cpss D]-sZ-jvSm-hpw, amcm-a ] -n-bpss A y- \p-am-bn, Ct mƒ ]c-sem-i-hmknbmbn-cn- p A{_lmw aev]m F sszh-`- ]e ]pcm-x-\-]p-kvx-i-ß-fpss B[m-c-sØm-Spw-IqSn Zo L-Zn-h-k-ß-fpsS {]b-xv\w-sim p C - n- {I-asØ ]cn-sim-[n, AXns {]Y-am-h-ÿ-bn ]ns sn -s kwk-xn-i-fn hnizm-k- Øn\pw, shz-km- y-øn\pw sn -bn- m-ø-h-bmbn Is -Ø-s hm p-i-sfbpw {]m -\- I-sfbpw \o w snbvx, {Ias -Sp-Øn-cn-bn-cn- p- p. F m CXpw aqe-`m-j-bn Xs Ccn- p- p. aqe-`m-j-bnse ] n-{iaw sa Zo, Xqdm-_vZo, AΩoZ apx-emb ]c-sz-i-ß-fn BNcn- -s -Sp-sºmƒ an -hmdpw kqdnbm `mj-bnepw IqsS P\n- -s - n-cn- p B szi-hm-kn- Iƒ ]Z-ß-sf-bpw, hmn-i-ß-sfbpw {Kln Imcy-߃ t_m[-s {]Xn-hmIyw D -cn- p- p. F m aew-i-c-bp sfsω-\n-iƒ (A-evam-b- m ) Asi-jhpw aqe-`mj Adn-bp- n-. sszhip-{iq-j-i-fn ] - m ImWn- p sxms bpw Ah ImWpI am{xw snøp- p. hnip {]m \Ifnepw, ip{iq-j-i-fnepw AS-ßn-bn-cn- p Cº-sa-dnb hm p-i-fpw, ` n- pw, hnizmk-øn- p-a-spø kwk-xn-ifpw siƒ p ka-bø Bflmh apgp-h-\nepw hym]n- p- -Xmb B kz oi hnnm-c-ßfpw Bflm-hn SpØ ks m-j-ßfpw X߃ p \njv^-e-am-bn-cn- p- p. AXn-\m kpdn-bm-\n- m-cn ` - m-cm-bn- p ]e-cp-ssbpw As]- -bn-s, hnti-jam-bpw, «olqkm kw_- -am-bp Ipdp-_m\ {Ia-Øn ""ip -ap Ipdp-_m-\-bpsS BNm-c- {Iaw'' BIp C p-kvx-isø Xp Kmw snbvx ASn- n- n-cn- p- p. sszhw, kpdn-bm\n k`sb saev p-sa ip o-i-cn-, Pohn-I-sfbpw acn- -h-scbpw hn[n- m-\mbn Xm shfn-s -Sp {]Xy Xbn- Xs Inco-S-Øn- Cu k`bpw hne-sb-dnb Hcp cxv\-am-bn-øo-cp-hm CS-hcp-Øp-am-dm-I-s. Hcp \n-cq-]ww CS-h-gn- ^oen-t mkv timsd- n-kvt m m cnn v sim n sk v txmakv {] n \n pw {]kn- o-i-cn ae- c k`m-]- mw-k-øn Ac Ip m-\-{i-a-sø- p-dn- p Hcp \ncq-]ww Dƒs -Sp-Øn-bn- p- v. AXv ImWpI: Ac Ipdp-_m\{Iaw ip. bmt m_ «olm-bpss Ipdp-_m-\-{I-a-sa p t]cmbn tim -bøp anj {]kn A -Sn- -Xmb ]pkvxiw hmbn p I p. ip. am bmt m-_ns Ipdp-_m-\-{Iaw ae-bm-føpw At ym-jymbv p tn a pw cmpy-ß-fnepw ]pcm-[o-\-am-bn p C p-hsc s]cp-am-dn-h-cp ]pkvx-i-ßfpw sszh-`- \pw aev]m-\p-amb sdh-sd p Pn. -_n. -Hu-B S-. _n. -F-bn-. -km-bv]- h Iƒ e -\n sim p-t]mbn Cw o-jn icn-bmbn `mj-s -SpØn G hpw _lp-am-\-s -, Im _p-dnse B _ntjm kmbv] Ah I-fp-sS A\p-hmZ{]Imcw A -Sn- n- n- p ]pkvx-ihpw hmbn- p-tºmƒ ta ]-d- -X, Ac-Ip-dp-_m\ ]pkvxiw Xs -sb p F mh pw t_m[-s -Sp- -Xm-Ip- p. hncp-x-\mb Hcp Nn{X-Im-c Fgp-Xnb Nn{XsØ s]m - - Æ ambn p \ m- p- -Xp-t]mse, Cu Ac-Ip-dp-_m-\-{Iaw amcm-aæp ] n-bn A{_mlw IØ-\mcp, Zm\n-sb hn k, _ntjm Ah I-fpsS A`n-em-j-{]-Imcw, ip. am bmt m- _ns Ipdp-_m\{Ia-Øn \n pw IpØnbpw sh nbpw D m- n-bxpw ] sø Cw oj ] n-bnepw ]n osp C p-hsc amcm-aæp ] n-bnepw s]cp-amdn hcp- Xpw BIp- p. Cu A{_mlw IØ-\m-sc, c m-a-sø Fhp-Øo- pk F m-sw, kpdn-bm-\n- m hnnm-cn- p- - X. B ImeØ Ccp s_lp-am-\-s -, s_bn-en -kmbv], t_bv kmbv] apx t]cp sszh-`-b-ap- -h-cm-bn-cp- -Xp -sim- msx, A p tim -b-øp anjy s{]k C m- n p Cu

5 - _p p ASn- m-xn-cp- -X-. s]mxp-hn D]-tbm-Kap ]pkvx-i-߃ A msx, kpdn-bm-\n- m p X\n p D]-tbm-K-ap Hcp- h-i -]-pkvx-ihpw CX-phsc anjy s{]-kn A -Sn- n- n- msx Cc-n- p-tºmƒ. Ct mƒ, anjy s{]-k, sx n-howp-t]mb ioiva- -m p, Xe-Nm-bn- - Xn hfsc ZpxJn- p- p. Cu Ac-Ip-dp-_m\ ]pkvxiw A -Sn p h n- n- -Xn-s -bpw, DX-n-bwt]-cq h- p, t]m -Øp-Kokp-Im, Xo-b-sIm p Zln- n- p, ]pkvx-i-߃ Npcp- n-b-xn-s bpw, ^ew H p-t]mse Ccn- p- p. hmfp-sim p sh n-bn- pw, A Øn \- p Ie -Øn-sIm-Sp- Øn pw D m-ip ac-w-øns ^ew H -p-x-s -bs m. apj-hp-c-bn Cu A{_mlw IØ- \m-sc, sszh-`- -s\ pw A y- -s\ pw ]d-bp- p- -s m. ip. am bmt m_ «olm-bpss Ipdp-_m-\-{Iaw IpØnb Cbmƒ sszh-`- \pw A y- -\p-sa- n, thz-]pkvxiw IpØn-b, simen skm _ntjm Ah Iƒ Fs{X A[nIw sszh-`- \pw A y- -\pw Bbn-cn- pw. Hcp-Ø\p kpdn-bm-\n-{iaw C-jvS-an- - n temi-øn ]e {InkvXym-\n-th-Z-ap Xn H ns\ kzoi- -cn- -cp-txm. ]qdph ]nxm -m-cm AwKo-I-cn- -s ncn p Hma\ Gdnb ] n-{i-aßsf Ij-W-ambn \p-dp- -W-sa- p-t m. Cu Ac Ipdp-_m-\-{Iaw A -Sn m anjy s{]k, ioiva- m p Fs m, klm-bn- p- -X. Hcp k`-bn \n p ]ng- p-hog-p ioiva- msc klmbn- p- -Xns km[yw B k`-tbmsp t\sc snbvhm C n- p tzmjw \S- m-ø-xp-sim p A m-sx KpW-s -Sp-Øp-hm- A p \ncq]n- m F m-h pw Adn-bmw. anin-lm-bpss Hcp At m-kvtxm-e-s\-t]mse, Zcn-{Zn-b-s ncn p At ymjym ]m{xn-b ok _mhm-bpss ku -cy-ap `mcy BIp ae-bm-fø-p- kpdn-bm\n k`sb klm-b-n m-sa- p BZyw t]m - Øp-Ko-kp-Imcp ]d p ` Øm-hns hgn A-S p-, Cu `mcytbmsp ] n-tn p hy-]nnmcw snbvx, A-t\I hy-]nnmc k XnIsf sp\n- n- p. Cu Ime-Øp klm-bw-sim pw Cu `mcy p hrxw Im m Ign-bm-sX-bn-cn- p- -Xp Xs -bp-a-, ` Ø-m-hns t\sc hntc-m[n-sb, ` Øm-h-mbn kzoi-cn- -W-sa p tlan IqsS snøp- p. AXn-\m C\n Bcpw klm-bn- m-sx-bn-cp- p-b n- Cu -`m-cy-bv p, Xs ` Øm-thm-Sp-IqsS kt m-jn- m-am-bn-cp p. t]m Øp-Ko-kp-Im-cpsS Ime-Øp, AhcpsS Kh sa- ns\ `b- p, I p-t -cn C n-sxm-ω IØ-\mcp, kxysø ]men- m ]e F-gp-Øp-Iƒ sclky-øn {]tbm-kn-t n h p. F m C -p, kie kxyhpw [cy-ambn ]d-hm\pw Fgp-Xp-hm\pw kie pw ]q Æ kzmx- { nbw \ƒin-bn-cn- p s_lp-am-\s {_nøoj Kh sa- ns\ hfsc \ n-tbmss R߃ hμ\w snøp- p (\-S 5:29). Koh-dp-Kokv am bqen-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbpss ]cn-{i-a-߃ Bcm-[-\-{I-a-ß-fpsS A Sn kw_- -ambn ]mºm- ps tim\m v Koh-dp-Kokv am bqen-tbmkv sa{xmt m-eo-øm snbvx ]cn-{i-a-߃ {it -b-am-wv ]mºm- p-s-bn ticfzo]w {] v At±lw ÿm]n v \nc-h[n kpdn-bm\n Bcm-[-\-{I-a-߃ At±lw {]kn- o-i-cn- p. ae c sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bm-bn-cp ]pent m- n tpmk^v am Zoh- m-tkymkv At±-lsØ t{]m m-ln- n- p-ibpw kmº-øni ssiøm-ß \ Ip-Ibpw snbvxp. Ah XΩn-ep kvt\l-_- hpw Bcm-[-\-{I-a-ß-fpsS A Sn Imcy-ßfpw hnhcn- p Hcp kzimcy IØv ImWpI: A`n-hμy Koh-dp-Kokv bqen-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-ømbv v, ]pkvx-i- m-c \ΩpsS h n hiw simsp-ø-b- -Xmb FgpØpw... -\n-d-b-s - -Xmb sa{ambpw In n hmbn p ImWp-Ibpw Xr]vXn-s -Sp-Ibpw snbvxp. As m- n v Ab- -Xmb \akvimc ]pkvx-iw I -t mƒ ]ns bpw AXnXr]vXn D m-bn. C\nbpw th ]pkvx-i-ßsf A Sn v Im m sszhw kwkxn hcp-øp- -Xn\v sszh-tømsv {]m n- p- p. Rm Ct mƒ ] n-bn k -cn v ]ncn v hcp- p. hyh-lm-cw... -hy-h-lm-c-s -e-hp-iƒ v A[n-I-ambn th Imiv t]mepw Iøn C.... Fgp-Øn ImWn- n-cn- p a v Imcy-ß-fpsS \S-Ø- mbn bmsxmcp hntcm-[hpw D m-bn- - Rm Aßs\ snbvxxp-sim- mwv Cßs\ snbvx-sx v ]d-hm kwkxn hcp-ømsx km nhnkvxmcw IqSn Ign-t ms F p Hcp hnnmcw lrz-b-øn D v. AhnsS km n t_m[n- n- Xv \tωmsv Pmayw hmßn m th n \a-kvimc ]pkvx- I-ßfpw Gh tk-en-tbms Ipdn pw ChnsS FSp-Øp. CXn c v henb ]pkvx-i-øn-s bpw c v sndnb ]pkvx-i-øn-s bpw hne simsp-øn-cn- p- p. tij-ap- Xv \ΩpsS k m-c-øn Nne-hm n ]Ww AhnsS FØn- mw. Cu ]Øn-s bpw hne Ct mƒx-s simsp-ø-b- -Wsa v Xmev]-cy-ap- m-bn-cp- p. C -se-bm-wn-hnss h -Xv. ]ncnhv XpS-ßn-bn-. Xncp-h- m-bn D mb ]ncnhv apgp-h\pw Be- p-g v C se Ab- pw-h- mwv Ctßm-t v t]m Xv. AXpsIm- t{x X mew ]Ww simsp-ø-b- m- -Xv. tijw hnh-c-߃ h n ]d-ibpw snøpw. F v 1055 hr niw 24- mw XoøXn I q- md ] n-bn \n v

6 AhnSsØ ktlm-z-c _e-lo-\\mb butk v Zoh- m-tkymkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm ]pkv-xiw hi-bn c p cq] IqSn -sim-sp-øb p- p. am bqen-tbmkv {] v am bqen-tbm-kns Ime-tijw Cu {] n\v ÿm]-is t]cv \ In. "am bqen-tbmkv {] v' sa{xmt m-eo-øm-bpss ktlm-z-c-\mb tim\m v amø aev]m, At±-l-Øns ]p{x A{_lmw IØ-\m F n-h Zo L-Imew \S-Øn. ChnsS \n pw kpdn-bm-\n-bnepw ae-bm-f-øn-ep-ambn Ht sd Bcm-[-\-{I-a߃ {]kn- o-i-cn- -s - p. koa-xvlmsb Fs mcp kpdn-bm-\n-]-{xhpw ChnsS \n pw Ipd- p-imew amø aev]m {]kn- o-i-cn- n-cp- p. k`-bpss HutZym-KnI {]kn- o-i-cw hn`m-k-amb Fw.-H.-kn. ]ªn-t -j kv Bc-w-`n- -t mƒ A{_lmw IØ-\mcpsS ]p{x-\mb tpm kv G{_lmw IØ-\m, bqen-tbmkv {] n \n pw {]kn- o-i-cn ncp Bcm-[-\-{I-a-ßfpsS ]I -h-imiw k`bv p \ In se Ip m-\{ia ]cn-`mj ]pen-t m- n tpmk^v IØ-\m, am Zoh- m-tkymkv F t]cn sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bmbn CXn-t\m- SIw A`n-tjIw snø-s - n-cp- p. am Zoh- m-tkymkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bpss t{ijvtm-\p-a-xn-tbm-sp-iqsn 1898 HmtZm (am v) amk-øn tim bw kpdn-bm\n skan-\mcn A ym-]-icpw aev]m- m-cp-am-bn-cp h t»-cn hn. sp. Koh Kokv aev]m\pw tim\m v amø aev]m-\pw- IqSn tn v hn. Ip m-\-{i-a-øns ]cn-`mj {]kn- o-i-cn- p. Cu Ip m-\-{i-a-øns Ih t]-pn C{]-Im-cw ImWp p: ""bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n Ip m-\-{i-aw. \n.- h. -Zn. -{io. ae- c CS-h-I-bpsS am Zoh- m-tkymkp sa{xm-t m-eoøm Xncp-a-\- nse A\p-a-Xn-tbm-Sp- IqSn kpdn-bm-\n-bn \n p X na snøs - -Xv. ae-bmf at\m-ca Iº\n ( n-]vxw) tim bw 1898.'' Cu X -a-bpss Dt±-iy-e- y-߃ a\- n-em- p-hm {KŸ-Øns "apj-hpc' ChnsS D -cn- p- p: Cu sndnb ]pkvxiw hn. Ip m-\-bn kw_- n- p ip{iq-j- m-cp-ssbpw P\-ß-fpsSbpw D]-tbm-KsØ Dt±-in p {]kn- -s -Sp-Øp XmIp- p. Ip m-\-bn ] - m snm phm-\p `mk-ß-fn F m {Ia-ß-fnepw H p-xs Bbn- p ]c-ky-{]m -\-Iƒ apx-em-bh- IqSn CXn ka-b-\n- -b-øn\p th n Ahn-S-hnsS X na snbvxp tn Øn- p- Xp ] - m pw D]-tbm-K-s -Sp-Øm-hp- -Xm-Wv. CXn kpdn-bm-\n-bn ]Zy-kz-cq-]-am-bn- p F m `mk-ßfpw aqem-\p-cq-]-ß-fmb hrøß-fn Xs D m- p-i, hmn-i-߃ ]cn-tim-[n- p-i, ]I s -gp-xp-i, A -Sn- n- pi apxem-b-h-bn klm-bn- n- p I -Øn Cu Koh-dp-Kokv (at\m-ca ]{Xm-[n-] Bbn-cp I -Øn h Kokv am n-f tej-i ) Ah I-sfbpw CS-h-gn- amøp ]oen-t m-kp (k`m- N-cn-{X-Im-c\pw ae- c CS-h-I-]-{XnI ]{Xm-[n-]-cp-am-bn-cp C. Fw. ]oen-t m-kv tej-i ) Ah I-sfbpw Ipdn p R߃ G hpw IrX- - m Bbn-cn- p p. ae- c CS-h-I-bpsS \n.- h. -Zn. -{io. am Zoh- m-tkymkp sa{xm-t m-eoøm Xncp-a-\- nse A\p-a-Xn-tbmSp -IqSn am Zoh- m-tkymkv knω-\mcn IΩn nbpss Nne-hn-t A Sn s - n- p Cu ]pkvx-i-øn\p ]n mse {]m -\m-{i-a-߃ apx-em-b-hbpw Hmtcmt mtcm- mbn X na snbvxp-h-cp h {]kn- -s -Sp-Øp-hm Xøm-dp hnh-chpw Cu Ah-k-c-Øn {]kvxm-hn- p-sim- p- p. tim bw 1898 aicw ae- c aev]m- m h -t»-cn Koh-dp-Kokp IØ-\mcp tim\m v amø IØ-\mcp Cu X n-a-sb- p-dn- p A sø P\-ß-fpsS A`n-{]mbw a\- n-em- p-hm m-am v [\p -am-k- Øn ae- c CS-h-I-]-{Xn-I-bn- tbip-zmkv F hy n Fgp-Xnb "]pxnb Ip m-\-{iaw' F tej\w D]-I-cn- pw. tej\w Xmsg D -cn- p p: ]pxnb Ip m-\-{iaw kpd-n-bm-\n- m {]IrXym ]cn-jvimc hnap-j- m-cm-wv. F{X-Xs \n t±m-jhpw Imtem-Nn- Xhpw BsW- nepw GsX- nepw Hcp am w Ah-cn kwi-b-sø-bmwv km[m-cw P\n- n- mdp- -Xp. \ΩpsS ax-kn- m- -߃ B]m-Z-NqVw \n Ω-e-ß-fm-I-bm AXp-Isf ]cn-jv -cn- p-hm-\p {iaw, A]-I-Shpw Akw-_ hpw Bbn-cn- p-sa- nepw, a p ]e hnj-b-ß-fnepw \ap p Imtem-Nn-X-amb ]cn-jvimcw AXy- m-t]- n-x-am-sw- p- -Xn\p kwi-b-an-. CXp

7 kw_- n p ]e kwk-xn-i-sfbpw ]d-bm-\p-s - nepw, GX Ime-]-cy- -ap ]cnjvimctømsp-iq-snb ]pxnb Ip m-\-{i-a-sø- p-dn- p am{x-am-wv Cu tej-\-øn Aev]w {]kvxm-hn- m hnn-mcn- p- -Xp. Ipdp-_m-\-{Ia߃ ]e A p-iq- ß-fn \n pw {]kn- -s -Sp-Øn-bn- p- Xp Rm hmbn- n- p- p. AXp-I-fn Hmtcm- n\pw Hmtcm-Xcw \yq\-x-iƒ B pw {]Xy- -Øn ImWm-hp- Xm-Wv. Cu ]pkvx-i-ß-fn D]-tbm-Kn- n-cn p `mj {]mtbw Aip- hpw ]e `mk-ßfnepw A -hy- -X-bn- m-ø-xp-am-ip- p. A -Sn-bpsS hj-f-xz-sø- n H pw ]d-bm-\p-an-. F m- ]pxnb Ipdp-_m-\-{I-a-Øn taev]-d tzmj-ß-fn H pw-xs ImWp- ns p AXp Hcn- hmbn- n- p Bcpw kωxn p- -Xm-Wv. kpdn-bm-\n-`-m-j-bn A\ym-km-[m-c-W-amb ]mfinxyw kn n- n- p ae- -c aev]m- m X a snbvx-xm-i-bm- X -a-bn bmsxm-c-_- hpw hcm C-S-bn-s - p Akq-bm- - m-c- mø Gh pw t_m y-am-ip XmWp. ae-bmf `mjm-t]m-j-nwn k`m sk{i- -dn-bm-bncn- m X kma - yhpw ]mfin-xyhpw D h-dpkokp am nfbh Ifpw CXn {]hr- -Øn- n- p- XpsIm p CXn D]-tbm-Kn- n-cn- p `mj DØ-ahpw Imtem-Nn-Xhpw Bbn-cn- p-sa- p Xns\- n B pw hmz-ap m-bn-cn- -bn-. ] - m snmt ]e `mkßfpw Cu ]pkvx-i-øn X a snbvxp tn Øn- p- -Xp-sIm p Cu ]pkvxiw Ah pw Hcp henb klm-b-ambn Xo n- p- v. ]Zyw kpdn-bm\n cmk-øn Xs `mjm- cw snbvxxp Hcp henb hntijw Xs -bmwv. Cßs\ ]e kwk-xn-ifpw FSpØp ]d-bm-\p- v. \ma-{i-h-w-am-{x-øn \mw A\p-k-cn-t Bfmb am Zoh- m-tkymkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm Xncp-a-\- nse A\-pa-Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSn {]kn- -s -S-pØo- p Cu ]pkvxiw ki-e- ]- n-ifnepw D]-tbm-Kn-t - Xpw D]-tbm-Kn- p-h-cp- -Xpw- Bs-W- nepw, CXp {]kn- -s -SpØnb ImeØp Nne CXns\ hntcm-[n- m snbvx hn-^-e-amb bxv\sø kw_- n p A[nIw hn-kvx-cn- -W-sa p txm p- n. am At{]w ap-x-emb ]pwy-hm- msc Pbn- -Ø kpdnbm\n `mjm-]m-fin-xy-ap hcpw AXp tae-[n-im-cn-sbbpw (]t sszhsø IqSnbpw) Iq m- p- -X-s pw Aßs\ Iq m- m-øxp Hc-h-ÿ-b-m-sW pw hnnm-cn- p- -hcp-amb Npcp w Nnecpw \ΩpsS CSbn-ep- p. ]t Cu hi- m-cpss \n m-c-amb A`n-{]mbw kpdn-bm-\n- m Atijw KWy-am- m-xn-cn- p- -Xp-sIm p H pw-xs {]-_-e-s -SmsX t]mip- Xp kt mj-icw Xs. c mw ]Xn p Ign- n- p Cu ]pkvx-i-sø- p-dn p Cßs\ Hcp tej\w C{X Xma-kns -gp-xm-\p- mb {][m-\ -Im-cWw Xmsg hnh-cn- p- -Xm-Wp. km-[m-cw Rmb-dm-gvN-If-n CXnse an ]Zy-`m-K-ßfpw D]-tbm- -Kn p ImWp- n-. hnti-j-zn-h-k-ß-fn am{xta CXp-Iƒ apgp-h D]tbmKn m ku-icyw Im-Wp- p- p. AXn-\m km[m-cw Znh-k-ß-fnse D]- tbm-k-øn-\m-bn-s m p ]Zy-ß-fpsS NphsS AXp-I-fpsS kmcw KZyØn Fgp-Xn-bm \ mbn-cn- p-sa p C\n p ]e-t mgpw txm o- p- Xm-W-v. Cu ]pkvxiw km-[m-cw Rmb-dm-gvN- If-n D]-tbm-Kn- m-dp ]e pw Cu A`n-{]mbw txm m-xn-cn- m CS-bn-s- - mwv Fs hnizm-kw. Cu A`n-{]mbw BZ-c-Wo-b-am-sW p `mc-hm-ln-iƒ p txm p -ps - n, ASpØ ]Xn n KZy-`m-K-ß-fpw tn Øp- Im m R-m B{-Kln- p- p. C mcyøn CS-h-I- -{Xn- I-bv p A`n-{]mbw Fs p Adn-hm ImØn-cn- p p. tb-ip-zmkv Cu Ip m-\-{i-a-øns aq mw ]Xn v {]kn- oicn p. AXns Ih t]-pn C{]-Im-cw ImWp p: ""bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n Ip m-\-{i-aw. kpdn-bm\n `mj-bn \n p X na snbvx-xv. aq mw ]Xn- v. ae-bmf at\m-ca Iº\n ( n]vxw) tim bw (1901).'' IywXm {]m -\{Iaw ae- c aev]m m-cm-bn-cp h -t»-cn Koh Kokv aev]m\pw tim\m v amø aev]m\pw IqSn tn v IywXm {]m - \ {Iaw hnh Ø\w snbvxv {]kn- o-i-cn- p. IywXm {]m -\-m{i-a-tøm-ssm w hn. Ip m-\-{i-ahpw IqSn tn ØmWv {]kn- o-i-cn- -Xv. {K-ŸØns t]cv ""IywXm {]m -\m-{i-aw Ip - m-\-{iaw tn Xv'' F m-bnc-p p. Cu hnh Ø\w `mjm-]-c-amb ]-cn-jvimcw t]mepw hcp-ømsx C pw ae- c Hm Ø-tUm-Ivkv k`-bn {]Nm-c-Øn-en-cn- p p. Cu {KŸ-Øns Ih t]-pn C{]-Im-cw ImWp p: ""IywXm -{]m -\m-{iaw. Ip m-\-{iaw tn Xv. kpdn-bm-\n-bn \n p X na. ae-bm-f-a-t\m-ca Iº\n ( n]vxw) tim bw '' CXns c mw ]Xn v {]kn oir-x-am-bn. Cu hnh Ø\w {]kn- o-i-cn- m\p- mb kml-n-cy-߃ Fs - m-am-sw v apj-hp-c-bn hnh Ø-

8 I Xs ]d-bp -Xv ImWpI: Bs m- p v Hmtcm Rmb-dmgvN Znh-k-߃ pw, hn-ti-j -Znh-k߃ pw t\mºp Znh-k߃ pw a p km[m-cw Znh-k-߃ pw {]txyiw {]txyiw {]m -\-{I-a-߃ \ΩpsS hnip k`-bn hnip ]nxm- - m G s]-sp-øo- p- v. F nepw ae-bmføp At -\n- Iƒ v D]-tbm-K-s -S-Ø- -hæw CXns Nne Awi-߃ am{xta \m -p-`m-jbn apºn-\mse X na snbvxv \S- p-h- n- p p. ] - m am{xw D]-tbm-Kn- p-h-cp kpdn-bm\n {]m -\m- {I-a-ß-fn-ep AkwJyw Km\-ßsf AtXa n ae-bm-f-øn D m n D]-tbm-Kn- p-iq-sstbm F p \ΩpsS hnip ]nxm-hmb ]m{xn-b okp _mhm Xncp-a-\- p-sim v ChnsS Fgp- -nøma-kn- p ImeØv Hcp kμ `-h-im Iev]n- n- pap- v. CX-\p-k-cn- pw, {]txyiw kpdn-bm-\n-`mj ]cn-n-b-an- mø Bfp-I-fp-sS Bh-iysØ hnnm-cn pw, km[m-cwambn \ΩpsS I Øm-hns ]p\-cp- m-\-øns Hm Ωsb sim m-sp-hm Dt±-in- n- p Rmb-dmgvN Znhk-߃ p s]mxpsh D]-tbm-K-s -S-Ø- -h-æ-ap ]e Km\ßfpw \ΩpsS ]nxm-hmb \ncww apx-emb CS-h-I-I-f-psS am {KotKmd- -n-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm Xn-cp-a-\- p-sim v kp-dn-bm\n a -p-i-fn Xs ae-bm-f-øn X na snbvxv sh n-cp- Xv Ahn-SpsØ IrXym- -c-_m-lpeyw \nanøw ]q Ønbm- p-hmt\m ]cn-tim-[n p \ m- mt\m CS-bm-ImsX InS p t]mi-bm Rßsf Gev]-n p-ibpw R߃ c mfpw IqSn Cu Km\-ßsf kpdn-bm\n aqe-tømsv HØpt\m n t]mcm-ø-hsb tn Øp I -Øn Cu Koh-dp-Kokv Ah I-fpsS klm-b-øm kp-dn-bm\n hrø-߃ v t`zw IqSmsX D m n icn-s -Sp-Øp-Ibpw CS-bv nsbv- p- akpaq-dm-iƒ, {]m -\-Iƒ apx-em-b-hsb tn Øv {Ia-s -Sp-Øp-Ibpw snbvxn- p- -Xm-Ip- p Cu sndnb ]pkvxiw. CXn Ggp -bm-a-߃ pw D {]m -\-Iƒ kpdn-bm-\n-bnse {Ia-a-\p-kcn v thsd thsd C n-cn- p- p. F nepw F m-h pw Ggp-t\-chpw {]m n- m-\p {]bmkw ""CS-hn-SmsX {]m n- n '' F p thz-hn-[n-bpss Xm ]cyw A\p-k-cn v hnip ]nxm- - m-cm Hmtcm bma-tø p \nb-an- -s - n-cn- p {]m -\-Iƒ apgp-h A\p-jvTn- m- msem F p i bpw \nanøw km[m-c-w-ambn F m-hcpw cm{xn-bnepw {]`m-x-k-a-bøpw, aq mwawn t\cøpw D bv pw D {]m -\-Iƒ H mbn {]`m-x-k-a-bøv Ign- p-ibpw Hº-XmwaWn t\cøpw k ybv pw kqøm-dmbv pw D {]m \Iƒ H mbn k ym-k-a-bøv Ign- p-ibpw snbvxp hcp- -Xn-\m Gg-pt\-chpw {]m n- m kui-cy-an- m-ø-h taev]- d ]Xn-h-\p-k-cn v c p-t\-c-ambn {]m n- m-hp- -Xpw, Aßs\ c p-t\-c-ambn {]m n- p-tºmƒ F m {]m -\bpw ""]nxmhpw ]p{x\pw hnip dqlm-bp-amb'' CXymZn Bcw-`hpw Ah-km-\-Øn snm p-hm-\p hnizm-k-{]-amww apx-em-b-hbpw {]txyiw {]txyiw F m bma-{]m -\-I-fp-sSbpw BZn-bnepw Ah-km-\-Ønepw snm msx BZn-bn-epw Ah-km-\-Ønepw Hcn- am{xw snm n-bm axn-bm-ip- Xpw BIp- p. {]m -\-bp-ss Ah-km-\-Øn snm phm-\p hnizm-k-{]-amww, _kva s m, lqtømωm apx-em-bh Hmtcm bma-{]m -\-bp-ssbpw, Ah-km-\-Øn- tn msx IywXm {]m -\m-{i-a-øns Ah-km-\-Øn... - mw ]pdw apx tn Øn-cn- p- Xpw, Bb-Xp {]m -\-bpss Ah-km-\-Øn tn Øp snmt - Xpw BIp p. F m ] - m-c- IqsS-bn- msx At -\n-iƒ X\n p {]m n- p- -Xm-bm ] - m-c F pw {]Xn-hm-Iy-sa pw BZn-bn C n-cn- p `mk-ßfpw Gh tk-en-tbm hmb- \bpw AXns\ kw_- n- p- Xpw _kva t m, kmzo-s m, AIvZw-{am-tlw, siml-ss\-iv, s\ _-iq, lqtømωm Chbpw Hgn v tij-ap `mk-߃ am{xw D]-tbm-Kn-t - -Xm-Ip- p. h -t»-cn Koh-dp-Kokv IØ-\m tim\m v amø IØ-\m am Zoh- m-tkymkns Iev-]\Iƒ tim bw kpd-n-bm\n skan-\m-cn-bn sk v txmakv {] v {]-h Ø-\-am-cw-`n- p. skan-\mcn hy-hlmcw Ah-km-\n v hn[n \SØn hmßnb kzøp- fpss Iq -Øn Hcp {] pw kma-{kn-ifpw D m-bncp p. ]me- p- Øv am AØm-\m-tkymkv ÿm-]n- -Xm-bn-cp p {] v. ]pen-t m- n sa{xm-t m-eoøm AXn\v "sk v txmakv {]kv' (am tømakv A p-iq-sw) F v \ma-i-cww snbvxp. sa{xm-t m-eoøm 1870 sim n-bn Bcw-`n- p-ibpw ]n osv \n p-t]m-hp-ibpw snbvx {] ns t]cpw "sk v txmakv {]kv' F m-bn-cp- p. tim bw skan-\m-cn-bn Bcw-`-n sk v txmakv {] n \n pw kpdn-bm-\-nbnepw ae-bm-f-ønepw Bcm-[-\-{I-aß-ƒ {]kn- o-i-cn- p-hm XpS-ßn. CtXmsS a v {] p-i-fn A -Sn Bcm- [-\-{I-a-ß-sf d±m ns m v ]pent m- n sa{xmt m-eoøm kp{]-[m-\-amb Hcp Iev]\ ]pd-s - Sp-hn- p. Bcm-[-\-{I-a-ß-fpsS A -Snbpw hnev]-\bpw kw_- n v sa{xm-t m-eoøm Ab A v Iev]-\- Iƒ Im-WpI:

9 ae c CS-h-I-bpsS am Zoh- m-tkymkn \n pw kpdn-bm\n kxy-hn-izmk k`-bnse \a-kvi-mc ]pkvx-i-߃ ]cn-jvi-cn v ae-bm-f-`m-jbn \ΩpsS skan-\mcn am tømωkp A -piq Øn A -Sn- n p kxy- -hn-iz-m-kn-i-fpss Bhniy-Øn-\mbn {]kn- -s -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p- -Xn-\m, A\y-A- p-iq- -ß-fn CXn\p apºp- m-bn p ]Xn- p-isf CXn-\m d±m- n-bn-cn- p- p. skan-\m-cn-bn \n pw {]kn- o-i-cn- p ]pkvx-i-߃ P\-߃ [mcm-f-ambn hmßn D]- I-cn- m-hp- Xpw A mø ]Xn- p-iƒ hmßp- Xv kq n pw th- n-bn-cn- p p F p \ΩpsS kxy- -hn-iz-m-k k`-bn Dƒs F m-hscbpw CXn-\m sxcy-s -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p- p ao\w 24- -\p (ae- c CS-h-I-]-{Xn-I, 1892 ao\w) \º 30 ae- c CS-h-I-bpsS am Zoh- m-tkymkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bn \n pw \ΩpsS kpdn-bm\n kxy-hn-izmk k`bnse \a-kvimc ]pkvx-i-߃ ]cn-jv cn v ae-bmf `mj-bn knω-\mcn hi am txmakv A p-iq- -Øn A -Sn- n v kxy-hn-izm-kn-i-fpss Bhiy-Øn-\mbn {]kn- -s -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p Xn-\m CXn\p apºv A\yA p-iq- -ß-fn A -Sn- n- p ]pkvx-ißsf d±m- n-bn-cn- p- Xmbn 128- mw \º 3 mw e w ]{Xn-I-bn {]kn- -s -Sp- Øn-bn-cn- p Xp t]mse knω-\m-cn-bn \n v {]kn- -s -Sp-Øp \a-kvimc ]pkvx-i-߃ am{xta hmßn D]-I-cn- mhq F v \ΩpsS kxy-hn-izmk k`-bn Dƒs F m-h-scbpw CXn-\m sxcy-s -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p- p. F v 1893 aicw 26- mw XoøXn tim -bøp knω-\m-cn-bn \n pw (C-S-hI]{XnI 1893, ]p. 2, e w 2) ae- -c -C-S-h-I-bpsS am Zoh- m-tkymkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm FgpØv \ΩpsS am txmakv A p-iqsw amt\-p si. hn. Cu \v hmgvhv. A p-iq w hibv v ]pkvxiw hi-bmbpw CS-hI]{XnI hi-bmbpw At\Iw ]W-߃ ]ncn p In p-hm-\p- Xv icn-bmbn In m-ø-xn-\m the \S-Øn- n\v hfsc hnlv\-߃ t\cn phcp p F pw c n-\-ß-fnepw ]Ww Xcp-hm-\p- -h-cpss ta A\ym-b-s v CuSm- p- -Xn\v A\p-hmZw In -W-sa pw a pw \o Ab FgpØp In n hmbn p I -Xn hyk-\n- p- p. A p-iq w hibv v ]ncn p In p-hm-\p ]W߃ IpSn-»n-I-bn InS- m hfsc Ipg- -߃ n-s-bp- -Xm-I-sIm v Ah ]ncn v CuSm-t - Xv F{Xbpw Bh-iy-amWv. Bcn \ns mw ]Ww ]ncn-hm-\pt m B hibv v {]txyiw hnh-c-amb Hcp enãv Xøm-dm n h pwsim v Hmtcm-cp-Ø v t\m okv simspøv hyh-lmcw IqSmsX ]ncn-s -Sp- p-hm CSbp-s - n Ignbpw a pw Aßs\ ]ncn- -Ww. AXn\v hgn-s -SmsX \nev p- -h-cpss ta apdbv v A\ym-b-s v CuSm ns m p- -Xn\v \mw A\p-h-Zn- n-cn- p- p. F v 1072 ao\- amkw 28- mw XoøXn tim -bøv knω-\m-cn-bn \n pw. (C-S-hI]{XnI 1897 HmtZm ao\w, ]p. 6, e. 3) ae c CS-h-I-bpsS am Zoh- m-tkymkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bn \n pw \ap-s -{Xbpw kvt\ln- -s BflnI ]p{x-\m-ip tim\m v amø aev]m\v hmgvhv. ip{iqj ]pkvxiw A -Sn v \ΩpsS t] v Ab- -Xmb ]pkvxiw In n. I -Xn hfsc kt mjn p p. ]pkvx-i-øn AS-ßn-bn-cn- p kwk-xn-iƒ hfsc \ -Xv. F nepw \ΩpsS ] - m pw siωm-i- m pw ]cn-n-bn- n- n- m-bvibm X mew Nnehv Npcp- -ambn hcn- I-bn- tbm F v kwi-bn- p- p. X m-e-ap Nnehv Npcp- -sø- p-dn v hnjm-zn- m-\n-. ]n osv [mcmfw sne-hmbns m pw. A -Sn-s -e-hp-iƒ p- m-bn-cn- p hybw ] n- IƒtXmdpw Hmtcm ]pkvx-i-sa- nepw FSp- m X -hæw Iev]-\-tbmSp IqsS ]pkvx-i-߃

10 Ab v ]ncn- n- m Nne-h v ]Ww DSs\ D m-ip-sa pw hnnmcn- p- p. AXn-\m ]tøm AºtXm ]pkvxiw ChnsS FØn p X m ] n-iƒ v FgpXn Ab v ]ncn- n m-sa v hnnm-cn- p- p.... k h-i- -\mb sszh-øns Ir] kzm- h n- n-cn- p-am-dm-is hr niw 27- \v \nc-wøp ] n-bn- \n pw (H- v) ]pxp-xmbn A -Sn Bcm-[-\-{I-a-ßsf kw_- n v CS-h-I-Isf Adn-bn- p-sim v ]pent m- n tpmk^v am Zoh- m-tkymkv Ab Iev]\ ImWpI: ae- c CS-h-I-bpsS am Zoh- m-tkymkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm FgpØv (ap{z) \ΩpsS ae- -c-bp F m ] n-i-fn-sebpw hnim-cn-amcpw tziøp ] - mcpw ] n-ssi- m-c- mcpw tijw P\-ßfpw IqSn-I-s - m \n߃ p hmgvhv. {]nb-ap- -hsc! kpdn-bm-\n- m-cmb \ΩpsS ] n-{i-a-߃ F mw kpdn-bm\n `mj-bn Xs ]q ΔImew apxevs \S-Øn-h-cp- Xpw Aßns\ Xs thw-sa p \n _- -ap Xpw BIp p. F m Ipd p Ime-߃ p apºp hscbpw kpdn-bm-\n- p-kvx-i-߃ F mw Xs Isø-gp-Øm-bn-cp- -Xn-\m F m ÿeßfnepw Bh-iy-s F m ]pkvx-i-ßfpw In p- - Xn\pw D]-tbm-Kn- p- -Xn\pw kwk-xn-bm-bn- pt m F p kwi-bn- p- p. F nepw \ΩpsS ae- c aev]m tim\m p amø IØ-\m-cpsS A o-w- ]-cn-{i-a-øm Bh-iy-s an ]pkvx-i-ßfpw A Sn n p s]mxp-hn D]-tbmKtbmKy-am- n-xo Øn-cn- p- p. GXm\pw Nne ]pkvx-i-߃ \ΩpsS knω-\m-cn-bnepw ASn- n- p hnhcw \n߃ pw Adnhp- -t m. ASn- p ]pkvx-i-߃ A -t mƒ hn p-]n-cn p, Nne-hmb kwjy-sb- nepw CuSm- ImsX thsd ]pkvx-i-߃ ASn- p- -Xn\p \nhr-øn-bn- m-ø-hæw kpdn-bm\n A -Sn p IqSp- X {]bm-khpw \jvshpw D -Xp-sIm p F m ] - mcpw kpdn-bm\n ]pkvx-i-ß-fpss Hmtcm {]Xn- hm-ßn-t - Xp Bh-iy-am-Wv. AXp-Iq-SmsX ap p-t\m-ºns \a-kvimcw ]m{xn-b o-kp-_mhm ae-bm-føp h n-cp kabw sim p-h- n-cp- Xpw ChnsS D]-tbm-Kn p hcp- -h-bp-amb ]pkvxiw Ct mƒ knω- \m-cn-bn A -Sn p Xo n-cn- p- p. aq p-t\mºp ASp-Øn-cn- p Cu Ah-k-c-Øn F m ] n-iƒ pw Sn ]pkvx-i-øns Cuc p {]Xn-Iƒ Ab-bvt - Xp Bh-iy-sa p txm p- I-bm AXn {]-Imcw hn.]n. Bbn Ab-bv p ]pkvx-i-ßsf ] n ssi m-c- m hmßns m p AXns hne knω-\m-cn-bn FØn psimsp- bpw thww. sszh-øns Ir]bpw A\p-{K-l-ßfpw \nß-sf- m-h-tcm-spw-iqss kzm h n- n-cn- p-am-dm- I-s aicw 29- \p hs- ]d-hq ] n-bn \n pw (H v) (ae- c CS-h-I-]-{Xn-I, 1907 aicw) am tøm-ωkv A p-iqsw hi {]kn- o-i-c-w-߃ ]pen-t m- n tpmk^v am Zoh- m-tkym-kns Ime-L- -Øn ae- -c-k-`-bn {]kn- o-i-c-w-߃ Xg- p-h-f p. sa{xm-t m-eoøm Cu {]kn- o-i-c-w-߃ v hnøpw hf-hp-ta-in. ae- -c-k-`-bpss hnhn[ `mk-ß-fn \n v A v amkn-i-iƒ (H-scÆw kpdn-bm\n amkn-i-bm-bn-cp- p) Cu Ime-L- -Øn {]kn- o- I-cn- n-cp- p. k`-bpss HutZym-KnI {]kn- o-i-c-w-hn-`m-k-ambn {]h Øn- n-cp- Xv tim bw ]g-b-sk-an-\mcn-bn-ep sk v txmakv {] v (am tøm-akv A p-iqsw) Bbn-cp- p. Cu {] n- \n pw {]kn- o-i-cn ]pkvx-i-ß-fpss Hcp enãv ImWpI (ae- c CS-h-I-]-{Xn-I, 1905 ao\w): kpdn-bm\n apgp-h \a-kvim-c-{iaw, kpdn-bm\n ivloam- -Sn \a-kvim-c-{i-aw, kpdn-bm\n Dbn ns \akvim-c-{i-aw, kpdn-bm\n Ipdn p ]pkvx-iw, henb \a-kvim-c-{iaw (ap-gp-h ), sndnb A -c-øn (ap-gph ), sndnb s\mb-ºns, km[m-cw \a-kvim-c-{i-aw, Ip m\{iaw sndn-b-xp, kpdn-bm\n `mjm-n-cn-{xw,

11 Du»sew bm{xm-hn-h-c-ww, aømbn «olm-bpss \a-kvim-cw, Koh-dp-Kokp kl-zm-bpss Ncn-{Xw, ] n- m- p-iƒ, am w-i-fn- m- p, amd-s -ip-]m-\, Zqhm-Zn hnhm-l-ko-xw, hymip-e-{]-em-]w, {InkvXob Io Ø-\w, ax-kw-k-xn (h -t»-cn Koh Kokv aev]m cnn- Xv), asxm-]-tz-i-]m-e-\w, ]m m-bpss k hm-[n-]xy IpTmcw (C. Fw. ^oen-t mkv cnn Xm-sW p txm p p), tnmtzym-øcw (k-t -kviqƒ h-i), tnmtzym-øcw H mw- `m-kw, tnmtzym-øcw c mw `mkw, _me-]m-tw, sshzy-am-en-i, ]t{xm-kns knwlm-k-\w, {]kwkw (]-ø-º n ZmhoZp IØ-\m ), {iocm-sam-z w `mjm-im-hyw, A m-{kl IpTm-cw, a p-_m-b- m-cpss ]pkvx- Ihpw item-tams alm- m-\hpw IqSn-b-Xv (IS-hn ]utemkv am AØm-\m-tkymkv hen-b-xn-cp-ta\n cnn Xv), kl-sz- m-cpss Ncn-{Xw (I m-t»-cn ]p qkv dºm ]. Koh Kokv c m-a _mhm cnn v {]kn- o-i-cn- Xv), ]cn-ip- - m-cpss Ncn-{Xw (I m-t»-cn ]p qkv dºm cnn v {]kn- o- I-cn- Xv), cl-ky-{]m -\-Iƒ (I m-t»-cn ]p qkv dºm cnn v {]kn- o-i-cn- Xv), akp-aq-dp (IS-hn ]utemkv am AØm-\m-tkymkv hen-b-xn-cp-ta\n cnn Xv), am Zoh- m-tkymkp Ncn-{X-Km-\w (Nnß-h\w ]pem-øp-cp-øn Nmt m Nmt m F A -Ihn cnn- Xv), am {KotKm-dn-tbm-kp- ]m-\ (Nnßh\w ]pem-øp-cp-øn Nmt m Nmt m F A -Ihn cnn- Xv), Fs a ƒ, aviossl p kz`m-hw. IS-hn ]utemkv am AØm-\m-tkym-kns X -a-iƒ tim bw `{Zm-k-\-Øns {]Ya sa{xm-t m-eo-øm-bm-bn-cp IS-hn ]utemkv am AØm-\m-tkymkv ( ) thz-]p-kvxiw ae-bmf `mj-bn-te v X a snøp- -Xn D m-ln p {]h Øn- p \p tijw ae- -c-k-`-bn BZy-am-bp- mb Hcp ]cn-`m-jm-{i-a-am-wn-sx p txm p- p. ajm-_n-b, cqyv, Xq_oZv, akp-aq apx-emb At\Iw ]pkvx-i-߃ sa{xm-t m-eoøm ae-bm-f-øn-te v X a snbvxn- p- v. ]p qkv dºms X -a-iƒ ]. Koh Kokv ZznXo-b _mhm dºm-\m-bn-cp Ime-L- -Øn (]p- qkv dºm ) HºXp {KŸ-߃ kpdn-bm-\n-bn \n p ]cn-`m-j-s -SpØn am tøm-akv A p-iq-søn \n p {]kn- o-i-cn- p. Ah-bpsS t]cp-ifpw {_m - n {]kn- o-i-c-w -h jhpw: 1. ]cn-ip kl-tz- m-cpss Ncn{Xw (1901), 2. ]cn-ip kv{xoi-fpss Ncn{Xw (1905), 3. am At m-\nkp Ncn{Xw (1906), 4. ]cn-ip- - m-cpss Ncn{Xw (1902), 5. am sia-du szkvxp-s\-bpss t{ijvtx (1906), 6. Ae- Ivk{ ym-bpss ]m{xn-b o-kmb am bqlm-t\m avdlvtωms\ (1907), 7. ] sszkm, 8. cl-ky-{]m \ (1900). HutK _mhm-bpss kw`m-h-\-iƒ Bcm-[-\-{I-a-ß-fpsS X -a-bnepw {]kn- o-i-c-w-ønepw HutK ImtXm-en- m-_mhm hne-s kw`mh-\-iƒ \ In-bn- p- v. ae- -c-k-`-bnepw At ym-jy-bnepw HutK _mhm-sb-t mse kpdn-bm\n `mjm- ]fin-x-\mbn 20- mw \q m- n thsd Bcpw D m-bn- n-. APo-h-\m w FgpØpw hmb-\bpw ]T-\-hp-ambn Ign- p-iq- nb Hcp alm-\m-bn-cp p At±-lw. {]mbw sxmæq-dn-t\m-sspsøønbn pw kpdn-bm-\n-bnepw aebmf- Ønepw Ihn-X-Ifpw {KŸ-ßfpw cnn- -Ø- -hn-[-ap `mjm-kzm-[o-\hpw Hm Ω-i- nbpw I Ω-ti-jnbpw At±lw {]Z in- n- n- p- v. tim\m v amø aev]m X a snbvxp h n-cp ]pxn-b-\n-baw ]cn-tim- [n v A -Sn- n- Xv IqSmsX \nc-h[n {KŸ-߃ kpdn-bm-\n-bn \n p ]cn-`m-j-s -Sp-Øp-Ibpw GXm\pw Bcm-[-\-{I-a-߃ ]pxp-xmbn cnn- p-ibpw snbvxp. _mhm-bpss {KŸ-ß-fpsS enãv Xmsg simsp- p- p. {_m - n {]kn- o-i-cw h jhpw a p hnh-c-ß-fpw. X -a-iƒ 1. Hcp -h jw hcp F m {]txyi Znh-k-ß-fn-sebpw {]m -\-Iƒ AS-ßp s] Kokm \a-kvim-c߃ p {]pan-tbm (1948). 2. t\mºnse {]pan-tbm. 3. IjvSm-\p-`h BgvN-bnse \a-kvimcw ]Zy-cq-]-Øn (1971 ^m. tuhnuv sndp-txm- n {]kn- o- I-cn p). 4. am -tømωm «olm-bp-ssbpw Koh Kokv kl-zm-bp-ssbpw s]cp- m-fp-iƒ p s] okm \a-kvimcw ({]m -\-Iƒ) (1951). 5. I o-em-{iaw ( ^m. si. hn. Koh Kokv {]kn- o-i-cn- p). 6. t\mºnse \a-kvimcw (1960 Xncp-hn-Xmw-tImSv Koh Kokv dºm {]kn- o-i-cn- p). 7. B p-xivkm (K-Zyw). 8. B\oZm (K-Zyw). 9. B -S- -ap Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fn-sebpw amdm-\mb s]cp- m-fp-i-fn-sebpw (I-jvSm-\p-`h BgvN HgnsI) {]pan-tbm-\p-iƒ.

12 10. ] w-sims ]pkvx-i-߃ (K-Zyhpw ]Zy-hpw). 11. ] n-iq-zmi ]pkvx-i-߃ (K-Zyhpw ]Zy-hpw). 12. {]txyi IqZm-i-{I-a-߃. 13. Ipcn-ipw-sXm n IqZm-i-{Iaw. 14. ih-t m IqZm-i-{Iaw. cn-\-iƒ 15. s]cp- m-fp-i-fnepw Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fn hn. Ip m-\-bnepw D]-tbm-Kn- p lqtøm-tam-iƒ kpdn-bm- \n-bnepw ae-bm-f-ønepw cnn- p. 16. ]cp-ae Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sSbpw timx-aw-k-eøv _mhm-bpssbpw s]cp- m-fp-i-fn-te-bv p {]pan-tbm-\p- Iƒ. 17. ]cp-ae Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS s]cp- m-fn-\p \a-kvim-c-{i-aw. k`m-ihn kn. ]n. Nm n ae- -c-bnse Bcm-[\mKm\-߃ v Imhym-fl-I-Xbpw Xmfm-fl-I-Xbpw \ In Bcm-[\m kmln-xy-am- p- -Xn {][m\ ] p-h-ln- Xv kn. ]n. Nm n-bm-wv. A\n-X-c-km-[m-c-W-amb Ihn-Xm-]m-S-hhpw k Km-fl- I-Xbpw _lp-`mjm \n]p-w-xbpw ka-\z-bn- p {]Xn-`m-im-en-bmb kn. ]n. Nm n v Bi-b-߃ kpe-fn- X-]-Z-hn-\ym-k-ß-tfmsS AXoh {]mk- y-tømss tim Øn-W- p-hm km[n- p. \nkvx-{μhpw I Ω-\n-c-Xhp-amb X]-ky-bm ]uckvxy B ym-fln-i-x-bpss Bg-߃ efn-x-kp-μ-chpw Xmfm-fl-I-hp-ambn ` lrzbß-fn \nd-bv p-hm At±-l-Øn\v Ign- p. Km\-c-N\ \SØnb Bcm-[\{Ia-߃ 1. hn. Ip _m-\-{iaw o_m-bpss \a-kvim-chpw IywXm-bpsS \a-kvim-chpw AXmXv Znh-k-ß-fn-tebv p {]txyi Km\-ßfpw Dƒs -ss-bmwv CXv {]kn- o-i-cn- n-cn- p- -Xv. IqSmsX taev]- - msc kzoicn- m-\-bn- p-tºmƒ, Xncn-s -gp- - p-tºmƒ, hmgvhv \ Ip-tºmƒ, hn. Ip m-\m\- -cm-\p-`-h-øn-\p {]txyi KoX-߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-sb mw Dƒs - n-cn- p- -XmWv hn. Ip _m-\-{i-aw. 2. ZpxJ-sh- n-bmgvn \a-kvim-c-{iaw ZpxJ-sh- n-bm-gvn-bnse F m bma-ß-fn-tebpw Km\-߃ Dƒs - Sp-Ønb {Ia-amWv CXv. Cu Km\-ß-fpsS hcn-i-fnse Ne-\m-fl-I-Xbpw \ms-io-b-xbpw t{ijvs-hpw lrzb {Zho-I-cWtijn A\p-]-ahp-am-Wv. tbip-hns a\p-jym-h-xm-c-hr-øm IY, ]ovm-\p-`hw XpS-ßnbh ZpxJsh- n-bpss Km\-ß-fn-eqsS hfsc lrz-b-kv] in-bmbn At±lw Ah-X-cn- n- n-cn- p- p. 3. hn. IqZm-i-{I-a-߃ hn. amtam-zo-km, hn. hnhm-l-iq-zm-i, `h\ ip o-i-cww, tcmkn-i-fpss ssxem- `n-tj-iw, c mw hnhmlw F n-h-bpss {Ia-ß-fmWv CXn AS-ßn-bn-cn- p- -Xv. ]Xn-{h-Xbmw ]cn-]m-h-\- k-`-sb... XpS-ßnb Km\-߃ kμ `m-\p-kp-w-amb A sshnn-{x-yß-fn-tebv v A\p-hm-N-Is\ Db - Øp p. 4. ih-kw-kvim-c-ip-{iqjm {Iaw \mep ip{iq-j-iƒ hoxw ]pcp-j- m-cp-ssbpw kv{xoi-fp-ssbpw Ip n-ifp-ssbpw ih-kw-kvim-c-øn\v {]txyiw {Iaw Dƒs -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p- p. 5. t\mºnse \a-kvim-cw aq p-t\m-ºn-sebpw hen-b-t\m-ºn-sebpw bma-{]m -\-Iƒ ]Zy-cq-]-Øn Dƒs m- n- n-cn- p p. CXnse KoX-ß-fn A\p-Xm-]-Øns `mh-߃ IqSp-X-embn D]-tbm-Kn- n-cn- p p. 6. ivloam-\-a-kvim-cw Rmb apx i\n -h-sc-bp Znh-k-ß-fnse km[m-cw \a-kvim-c-amwv ]Zy-cq- ]-Øn {Iao-I-cn- n-cn- p- -Xv. Hmtcm Znh-k-Øns {]txy-i-xbpw {]m[m-\yhpw A\p-k-cn- mwv Km\-߃ Nn -s -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p- -Xv. 7. B p-xivk P\-\-s -cp-\mƒ, Z\-l, ip_vt mt\m ip{iq-j, ZpxJ-sh- n-bmgvn o_m hμ-\- hns ip{iq-j, Dbn v, kz m-tcm-l-ww, s] n-t m-kvxn-s -cp- mƒ F o ip{iq-j-i-fpss KoX-ß-fmWv CXn. AXmXv Znh-k-ß-fpsS {]txy-i-xbpw Ah \ Ip Bi-b-߃, hnizmk BNm-c-߃ Chsb ap \n Øn-bp-amWv KoX-߃ cnn- ncn p- -Xv. 8. ]. sszh-am-xm-hn-s bpw ]cn-ip ]cp-a-e-xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-ssbpw s]cp-\m-fnse s] o-k-\-a-kvim-cw ]. sszh-am-xm-hn-s bpw ]cn-ip ]cp-a-e-xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-ssbpw s]cp-\m-fn D]- tbm-kn- p-hm-\mbn {]pan-tbm skzvdm Dƒs ss Xøm-dm- nb \a-kv m-c-{i-aw. 9. lmim-ko-x-߃ IjvSm-\p-`-h BgvN-bn tbip-hns IjvSm-\p-`-h-Ømepw ac-w-ømepw t\sn-

13 Ø c -sb- p-dn v IqSp-X t_m[-a-xn-i-fm-ip- -Xn\pw AXv A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-Ip- -Xn\pw X -hn-[-ønep KoX-߃ {Iao-I-cn- n-cn- p- p. IqSmsX I Øm-hns ]oum-\p-`-h- kw-`-h-ßsf A\p-kva-cn- p KoX-ß-fpamWv Ch. 10. sshzn-i-cpss ih-kw-kvim-c-{iaw {]mcw` kam-]\ ip{iq-j-iƒ IqSmsX F p ip{iq-j-iƒ ASßn-b-XmWv sshzn-i-cpss ih-kw-kvim-c-{iaw. ]gb ]pxnb \nba kw`-h-ßsf lrz-b-kv] in-bmbn Ah- X-cn- n- n-cn- p p. 11. hn. Ip m-\-bpss lqtømωm hn. Ip m-\-bpss kam-]\ {]m \ KoX-am-bn v cnn- n-cn- p- p. 12. {]m -\m-tbm-k-an{xw. ]mømap w amfn-i-bn Fw. kn. Ipdn-bm-t mkv dºm-\p-ambn tn v Xømdm- nb KoXßf-S-ßnb {]m -\m-]p-kvx-iw. c v ]c-ky-߃ IqZiv CutØm apx B\o-tZ -h-sc-bp F m Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fn-sebpw \a-kvim-c-ß-fn D]-tbm-Knt {]pan-tbm. ` nkwh -Ihpw hn m-\-]q Æ-hp-amb Cu DØ-a-{KŸw DØa {InkvXob Pohn-X-Øn\p {]tnm- Z\w \ Ip XmWv. Xmsg-Im-Wp ta hn-em-k-øn Bh-iy-s -SpI: sk{i- -dn, kap-zmb B okv ]gb knω-\m-cn, tim -bw hne 3 cq. 8 AW (a-e- ck`m -am-kn-i-bn 1949 HIvtSm-_ (]p-kvxiw 3, e w 12)- e w {]kn- o-i-cn ]c-kyw) bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm-\n- m-cpss Ip m\ XIvk. am bmt m-_n-s -bpw, am Zoh- m-tkym-kn-s bpw XIvk-I-fpw, Ip _m-\-{i-ahpw AS-ßn-b-Xv. BZysØ ]Xn- p-t]mse Xs ] - m-c, ip{iq-j- m-c, Abvta\n Ch snmt - Xv F mw AS-ßn-bn- p- -Xv. Cu ]pxnb ]Xn- n-\p hnti-jw X-Sn A -c-ß-fm-wv D]-tbm-Kn- n- p- -sx- p- -Xm-Wv. A -c- Øns amxr-i-bm-wn-xv. \ ta\n- -S-em-kn A -Sn- v, ]pkvxiw \ -t]mse ae Øn Xpd- -Ø- -hæw Xp n, Imens m ioe-sim p _b p snbvxn- p- -Xv. 7 C v \ofw, H c C v hoxn. X]m s -ehp ]pdsa. (hn-e. 2 I) Rß-fpsS Im -temkv kup\yw amt\-p, F.-B-.-]n. {] v & Huj-[-im-e, Ip w-ip-fw (a-e- -c-k-`m- am-kn-i-bn 1949 HIvtSm-_ e w {]kn- o-i-cn ]c-kyw) I o-e, Il-ss\Øm kpdn-bm-\n-bn \n p tx\p- Koh-dp-Kokv aev]m X a snbvxxpw am HutK Xotam-Øntbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm ]cn-tim-[n v A\p-h-Zn- -Xp-amb ""I o-e, Il-ss\Øm'' ]pkvxiw Xncp-h Fw.Pn.Fw. {] n \n pw {]kn- o-ir-x-am-bn. c c cq]m-bm-bn-cp p hne. Ct mƒ D]-tbm-K-Øn-en-cn- p Bcm-[-\-{I-a-߃ ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`m {]kn- o-i-cw hip v (tim -bw) {]kn- o-i-cn {KŸ-߃: 1. ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS o_m apx IywXm hscbpw IywXm apx o_m hsc-bp-ap Rmb-dmgvN \a-kvimcw & hn. Ip m-\-{iaw. sszh-am-xm-hn-t\m-sp a yÿ {]m - \bpw hn. Ipº-km-c-{I-ahpw B -S- -ap hn. Ip m\ Km\-ßfpw a pw AS-ßn-b-Xv. (]. _t -en-tbmkv am tømωm amxyqkv {]Y-a ImtXm-en m _mhm {]kn- -s -Sp-Øn-s m- n-cp- Xv.) H mw ]Xn v tim n Ccp-]-Øn-Bdmw ]Xn v 1994 sk]v w-_. tim n ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS hn. Ip m-\-{iaw. H mw-]-xn v 1992 am v. (5000 tim n). 3. ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS IpSpw-_m-cm-[-\-{Iaw. ]. kp -l-tzm-kns

14 AwKo-Im-c-tØm-Sp-IqSn {]kn- o-i-cn- p- -Xv. H mw ]Xn v c mw ]Xn v 1975 (tim n 12000). aq mw ]Xn v 1982 (tim n 10000) H ]Xmw ]Xn v 1993 (tim n 10000). 4. ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS \nxy-{]m -\-{I-aw. ]cn-`m-j-i : ae- c aev]m tim\m v amø timsd- n-kvtim m. A mw ]Xn v 1993 sk]v w-_ (-tim n 5000). 5. ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS {]m -\-{Iaw. ]cn-`m-j-i : ae- c aev]m tim\m v amø timsd- n-kvtim m. 29- mw ]Xn v 1994 Pqsse (tim n 5000). 6. ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS ZpxJ-sh- n-bmgvn \a-kvim-cw. o_m Bcm- [\ tn -Xv. H mw ]Xn v mw ]Xn v 1994 Pq (tim n 15000). 7. ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS IqZmi{Ia-ßfpw B\o-Zm-bpw (Ko-X-߃ am{xw). ]cn-`m-j-i : tim\m v A{_lmw aev]m. KoX-߃: k`m-ihn kn. ]n. Nm n, shæn- pfw (tim n 5000). 8. ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`-bnse t\mºnse \a-kvim-cw. henb t\mºn-sebpw \n\phm t\mºn-sebpw {]m -\-{I-aw. ]cn-`m-j-i : ae- c aev]m tim\m v A{_lmw IØ-\m. Km\-c-N\: kn. ]n. Nm n. c mw ]Xn v 1988 (tim n 1000). 9. ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`-bnse IqZm-i-{I-a-߃. ]cn-`m-j-i : ae- c aev]m tim\m v A{_lmw IØ-\m. ae-bm-f-km-\-߃: k`m-ihn kn. ]n. Nm n (tim n 2000). 10. ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`-bnse ivloam -\-a-kvimcw (IywXm {]m -\-{Iaw tn Xv). ]cn-`m-j-i : ae- c aev]m tim\m v A{_lmw IØ-\m. Km\-c-N\: k`m-ihn kn. ]n. Nm n. \memw ]Xn- v (tim n 1500). 11. ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS IjvSm-\p-`h BgvN-bnse \a-kvim-c-{i-aw (ZpxJ-sh- n-bmgvn ip{iq-j-iƒ tn -Xv). H mw ]Xn- v A mw ]Xn v 1994 (-tim n 1500). 12. B p-x-ivkm. ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS s]cp- mƒ ip{iq-j-{i-aw. ]cn-`m-j-: ae- c aev]m tim\m v A{_lmw IØ-\m. ae-bm-f-km-\-߃: kn. ]n. Nm n, shæn- p-fw (tim n 2000). 13. ]. sszh-am-xm-hns s]cp- m-fp-i-fnse s] okm \a-kvim-c-{i-aw. kpdn-bm-\n-bn \n v X -a. bqlm-t\m am tkth-dn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm. Km\-c-N\: k`m-ihn kn. ]n. Nm n. H mw ]Xn v 1983 BKÃv (tim n 1000), aq mw ]Xn v \hw-_ 1987 (tim n 3000). 14. ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS t\mºnse IpSpw-_m-cm-[-\-{I-aw. (h-enb t\mºv, ]oum-\p-`h BgvN, aq p-t\mºv Znh-k-ß-fnse \a-kvim-c-߃). (]. F n-kvtim- kp -l-tzm-kns AwKo-ImctØmSp-IqSn {]kn- -s -Sp-Øp- -Xv). H mw ]Xn- v s^{_p-h-cn. c mw ]Xn- v am v. aq mw ]Xn- v am v, \memw ]Xn v 1994 am v. 15. ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS kμ t`m-nnx {]m -\-Iƒ (ssh-zn-i-cp-ssbpw Abvta-\n-I-fp-sSbpw D]-tbm-K-Øn-\v). Xøm-dm- n-bxv: amxyqkv am _ -_mkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm. (]. kp -l-tzmkv AwKo-I-cn- -Xv). ]cn-jvi-cn c mw ]Xn- v (tim n 5000). 16. ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS lmim-ko-x-߃. Duim\ Rmb-dmgvN apx Dbn p Rmb-dmgvN hsc-bp IjvSm-\p-`h BgvN-bnse IuΩm \a-kvim-chpw {]txyi KoX-ßfpw ASßn-b-Xv. ]cn-`m-j-i : bqlm-t\m am tkth-dn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm. Km\-c-N\: k`m-ihn kn. ]n. Nm n. 19- mw ]Xn v. \hw-_ 1994 (tim n 50000). 17. ]. ]cp-ae Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS s]cp- m-fnse s] okm \a-kvim-c-{i-aw. kpdn-bm-\n-bn cnn- Xv: HutK am Xotam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm (]. HutK _mhm). kpdn-bm-\n-bn \n p X a: bqlm-t\m am tkth-dn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm. Km\-c-N\: k`m-ihn kn. ]n. Nm n. c mw-]-xn v \hw-_ (tim n 3000). 18. ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS s]cp- mƒ ip{iq-j-{i-a-߃. (Ko-X-߃ am{xw) ]cn-`m-j-i : tim\m v A{_lmw aev]m. KoX-c-N\: k`m-ihn kn. ]n. Nm n. aq mw-]-xn v (tim n 5000). A mw ]Xn v 1994 P\phcn (tim n 5000). 19. ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`-bnse ih-kw-kvimc ip{iq-j-{iaw. ]cn-`m-j-i : ae- c aev]m tim\m v A{_lmw IØ-\m. ae-bmf Km\-߃: kn. ]n. Nm n, shæn- p-fw (tim n 2000). 20. ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS I oem Il-ss\-Øm-{I-aw (kp-dn-bm-\n-bn

15 \n p X n-a). (]. HutK {]Y-a ImtXm-en m _mhm Xncp-a-\- p-sim v ]cn-tim-[n v A\p-h-Zn- -Xv) ]cn-`m-j-i : tx\p- Koh-dp-Kokv IØ-\m. c mw-]-xn v 1987 BKÃv. 21. aq p t\mºn-sebpw \mev]xp t\mºn-sebpw {]pan-tbm-\p-iƒ. kpdn-bm-\n-bn \n p X a: HutK am Xotam-Øn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm (_-tk-en-tbmkv HutK {]Y-a ImtXm-en m _mhm). \memw ]Xn v 1990 (tim n 1000). 22. ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS sshzn-i-cpss ih-kw-kvimc ip{iq-j-{i-aw. (ta-ev]- - m, ] - m, siωm-i- m F n-h-cp-ss). ]cn-`mj: ae- c aev]m tim\m v A{_lmw IØ- \m. ae-bm-f-km-\-߃: kn. ]n. Nm n, shæn- p-fw (tim n 1000). 23. ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS hn. thz-hm-b\ pdn- v (Iq-tZm-iv-CutØm Rmb-dmgvN apx B -S- -ap Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fn-epw, s]cp- mƒ Znh-k-ß-fnepw, t\mºp Znh-k-ß-fn-epw, a p {]txyi Znh-k-ß-fnepw kμ `-ß-fnepw D]-tbm-Kn-t thz-`m-k-߃ {Ia-s -SpØn ]. F n-kvtim- kp -l-tzmkv AwKo-I-cn p {]kn- -s -Sp-Øp ]cn-jvi-cn ]Xn- v). ]cn-jvi-cn H mw ]Xn v aq mw-]-xn v 1992 (tim n 2000). 24. kpdn-bm\n kwkoxw (F- m-d) apj-hp-c, kam-l-cww: ^m. Fw. ]n. tpm v. H mw ]Xn v 1993 Unkw-_ (tim n 3000). 25. The Orthodox Syrian Church of the East. The Service Book of The Holy Qurbana (Qurbanakramam). Translated by Baselius Marthoma Mathews I Catholicos of The East. First Published: August Fifth Edition: July Copies: Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS s] okm \a-kvim-c-߃ p {]pan-tbm (D-bn p apx IqtZmivCutØm Rmb-dmgvN hsc). kpdn-bm-\n-bn \n p ]cn-`mj: _tk-en-tbmkv HutK {]Ya ImtXm-en m _mhm. H mw ]Xn v 1948, c mw ]Xn v 1969, aq mw ]Xn v 1986, \memw ]Xn v 1993 (tim n 1000). 27. Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS s] okm \a-kvim-c-߃ p {]pan-tbm (IqtZmiv- CutØm Rmb-dmgvN apx B\osZ Rmb-dmgvN hsc). kpdn-bm-\n-bn \n p ]cn-`mj: _tk-en-tbmkv HutK {]Y-a ImtXm-en m _mhm. H mw ]Xn v 1948 (tim- n 1000), c mw ]Xn v 1969 (tim n 750), aq mw ]Xn v 1986 (tim n 750), \memw ]Xn v 1993 (tim n 1000). 28. hn. Ip m\ XIvkm (13 {Ia-߃). ]-cn-`m-j-i : tim\m v A{_lmw IØ-\m. ]cn-jvi-cn ]Xn v ]cn-jvi-cn \memw ]Xn v tim n Fw.Pn.H.kn.Fkv.Fw. _p vtjm v B Uv ]ªo-jnwKv lukv (tim- -bw) {]kn- o-i-cn- h 1. Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`-bnse sshzn-i-cpss Imt\m\m \a-kvim-cw. ]cn-`mj: bqlm-t\m am tkth-dn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm. aq mw ]Xn v (tim n 1000). 2. ae- c Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS IjvSm-\p-`h BgvN-bnse \a-kvim-c-{iaw (ZpxJsh- n-bmgvn ip{iq-j-iƒ tn -Xv). (]. _t -en-tbmkv am tømωm amxyqkv {]Y-a ImtXm-en m _mhm ]cn-tim-[n v {Ia-s -Sp-Øn-b-Xv). dnsshkvuv FUo-j am v 1980, c mw ]Xn v am v 1982, aq mw ]Xn v HIvtSm-_ 1983, \memw ]Xn v sk]v w-_ 1985, A mw ]Xn v am v 1987, Bdmw ]Xn v HIvtSm- _ 1989 (tim n 5000). 3. s]klm hymgmgvn \a-kvim-c-{i-aw. ]. _t -en-tbmkv am tømωm amxyqkv {]Y-a ImtXm-en m _mhm ]cn-tim-[n v {Ia-s -Sp-Øn-b-Xv. 4. kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fp-sS IjvSm-\p-`h BgvN-bnse \a-kvim-c-{i-aw (t{i-jvtm-\p-a-xn-bp- -Xv). ]cn-`m-j-i : bqlm-t\m am tkth-dn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm. Splinter Edition: March 1982 (tim n 1000). 5. kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS aq p-t\m-ºn-sebpw henb t\mºn-sebpw \a-kvim-c-{i-aw (t{i-jvtm-\pa-xn-bp- -Xv). ]cn-`m-j-i : bqlm-t\m am tkth-dn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eo-øm s^{_p-hcn (tim n 1000). 6. Hm Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`-bpss ip{iq-jm-kw-hn-[m-\w. bqlm-t\m am tkth-dn-tbmkv sa{xmt m-eo-øm. H mw ]Xn v c mw-]-xn v 1989 (tim n 1100).

s]s -t mkvxp kaqlw H n p

s]s -t mkvxp kaqlw H n p kxy-k- -X-tbmsS! kss[cyw!! kq va-x-tbmss!!! hmb-\- mtcm-ssm w Hcp NphSp ap n Published from Kottarakkara on 15-04-2018 2018 April 15 MONTHLY Registered News paper VOL. 7 Issue No. 09 Kottarakkara Page

More information

C ybn thcpd- n- p ^mkn-ãv kºzvhyhÿ

C ybn thcpd- n- p ^mkn-ãv kºzvhyhÿ \nco- Ww [ C-Xv A-k-ln-jv-Wp-X-bp-sS cq-]-øn-epw A-{I-a-Øn-s cq-]-øn-epw {]-Xn-^-en- mw [ t\m v \ntcm-[\w, Pn.-F-kv.Sn, \oxn BtbmKv C ybn thcpd- n- p ^mkn-ãv kºzvhyhÿ ^m-kn-ãv A[n-Imchyhÿ `-c-w-iq-s-øn-s

More information

ae c-k-`-bpss kzmx-{ yhpw X\n-abpw

ae c-k-`-bpss kzmx-{ yhpw X\n-abpw ae c-k-`-bpss kzmx-{ yhpw X\n-abpw tum. amxyqkv am tkth-dn-tbmkv sa{xm-t m-eoøm F. Un. 52- am tøm-am-«o-lm-bm ÿm]n-x-amb ae- -c-k` kzx-{ -bmbn P\n- p-sh- nepw ]mc-x- { y-øns Nß-e-I-fm _ -\-ÿ-bmbn 21- mw

More information

]mtw 13 hmkvzøw snø-s DW v: sszh-øns ZuXyw ]q Øn-bm- -s -Sp p i Øv kmbm w

]mtw 13 hmkvzøw snø-s DW v: sszh-øns ZuXyw ]q Øn-bm- -s -Sp p i Øv kmbm w sk]vxw-_ 21-27 ]mtw 13 hmkvzøw snø-s DW v: sszh-øns ZuXyw ]q Øn-bm- -s -Sp p i Øv kmbm w thz`mkw : aømbn 28:18-20; bmt m_v 5:7,8; skj. 10:1; aømbn 3:11; shfn. 18:1; 19:11 16. a\x]mthmiyw : ""F m ktlm-z-c-

More information

{]m - -\mkw-k-aw Xn-cp-h- -bn

{]m - -\mkw-k-aw Xn-cp-h- -bn kxy-k- -X-tbmsS! kss[cyw!! kq va-x-tbmss!!! hmb-\- mtcm-ssm w Hcp NphSp ap n Published from Kottarakkara on 15-03-2018 2018 March 15 MONTHLY Registered News paper VOL. 7 Issue No. 08 Kottarakkara Page

More information

ImtXm-en-t - ns Imh `-S

ImtXm-en-t - ns Imh `-S am HutK _mh ImtXm-en-t - ns Imh `-S (Po-h-N-cn-{Xw) si. hn. amω {]km-[-i tim -bv ]ªo-tjgvkv amßm-\w, tim -bw - 18 hne: 50 cq] MAR AUGEN BAVA The Guard of Catholicate (Biography) By K. V. Mammen, Kottackal,

More information

hmcni C- y-bp-ss B-tcm-Ky-I-c-am-b \n-e-\n -]v B-{K-ln- tz-io-b t\-xm- -sf- mw {i-an- n-cp- -Xv H-cp {]-txy-i hn-`m-k-øn-s

hmcni C- y-bp-ss B-tcm-Ky-I-c-am-b \n-e-\n -]v B-{K-ln- tz-io-b t\-xm- -sf- mw {i-an- n-cp- -Xv H-cp {]-txy-i hn-`m-k-øn-s 1 hcn kwjy hmcni 22 BKÃv 2014 ]pkvxiw- 13 hn-zym-`ym-kw: c-l-kya-p- -Iƒ c-l-ky-an- m-sx `m-c-xo-b P-\-Xm-]m - n- v hn-zym-`ym-kw N-cn-{Xw F- n-hbn c-l-ky A-P- -I-fp- v F- -Xv s]m-xp-hn D-b - p-h- B-tcm-]-W-ß-fm-Wv.

More information

"ho pw P\n- pi' As - n "c n -s -SpI' F m Fs v hni-zo-i-cn- mw.

ho pw P\n- pi' As - n c n -s -SpI' F m Fs v hni-zo-i-cn- mw. hy -amb Hcp kphn-tij ktµiw "ho pw P\n- pi' As - n "c n -s -SpI' F m Fs v hni-zo-i-cn- mw. Cu A\p-`hw e`y-am-ip- -Xns BZy-]Sn A\p-Xm-]-am-Wv. F m ]m]-sø- p-dn v A\p-X-]n- -W-sa- n ]m]w F m-sw v Adn-b-Ww.

More information

sk -Ip-am-dn-s A-`n-ap-J t_mw-_v

sk -Ip-am-dn-s A-`n-ap-J t_mw-_v VOL.9 ISSUE 28 JULY Member E-Edition THE A-Z MAG OF US MALAYALEE For Private Circulation JULY 08, 2017 1 UNITED STATES PRESS AGENCY 08, 2017 www.azchavattomonline.com Azchavattom Inc., P.O. Box 823, Sugar

More information

STUDENT EMPOWERMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT SEED FORMAT FOR SEED FINAL REPORT

STUDENT EMPOWERMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT SEED FORMAT FOR SEED FINAL REPORT STUDENT EMPOWERMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT SEED FORMAT FOR SEED FINAL REPORT 2017-18 2017þ18 hàj-s ko-uv {]-hà- -\- -fp-ss A n-a dn-t mà-«v k-aà- n- p- -Xn-\p-Å amà-k-\nà-tz-i Ä 1. 2017 Pq A- mw

More information

Xncs Sp s h. ]mtw 11. Unkw-_ 9 15

Xncs Sp s h. ]mtw 11. Unkw-_ 9 15 ]mtw 11 Xncs Sp s h -91- Unkw-_ 9 15 i Øv kmbm w Cu BgvNsØ ]T-\-Øn\p hmbn- pi: tdma 10,11 a\x-]m-t-hmiyw: F m sszhw kzp-\sø X n- -f- pthm F p Rm tnmzn- p- p. Hcp \mfpw C. Rm\pw bn{km-tb-ey-\t m; A{_- lm-ans

More information

D -S w 2 FUn-t m-dn-b 3 P\-d sk{i- -dn-bpss t]pv 4 {Kojva EXp... {KojvaNcy. 13 ]cn-c- -W-Øns ap K-W-\-Iƒ.. 17 GI-{[p-h-ssh-Zyw Btcm-Ky-ta-Je...

D -S w 2 FUn-t m-dn-b 3 P\-d sk{i- -dn-bpss t]pv 4 {Kojva EXp... {KojvaNcy. 13 ]cn-c- -W-Øns ap K-W-\-Iƒ.. 17 GI-{[p-h-ssh-Zyw Btcm-Ky-ta-Je... B]vX Bbp th-z-am-kni Monthly Journal of Ayurveda Medical Association of India March 2012 Vol.19 Issue 3 EDITORIAL BOARD Chief Editor Dr. Sanil Kumar Managing Editor Dr. K.V.Syamlal Printer & Plublisher

More information

krjvsn ns sszhntimt±-iyw (Jp -Bs imkv{xhymjym\w)

krjvsn ns sszhntimt±-iyw (Jp -Bs imkv{xhymjym\w) krjvsn ns sszhntimt±-iyw (Jp -Bs imkv{xhymjym\w) s{]m^. ]n. F. hmlnzv sf.]n.f v. Sh t]mtãm^okv tdmuv, Xriq 1 t^m : 0487 2426476, 9847367074, 9447201551 No parts of these publication may be reprodiced,

More information

CONTENTS. 24 A-Xym -Ø-h-hpw A-tim-I-hpw 27 io-x-im-ew h-cp-tºm-ƒ C-\n-bpw hm-bn- -s -Sm-Ø

CONTENTS. 24 A-Xym -Ø-h-hpw A-tim-I-hpw 27 io-x-im-ew h-cp-tºm-ƒ C-\n-bpw hm-bn- -s -Sm-Ø Open Your Eyes 9 \m-sf-sb t\m- n- m-wm 12 t\-{x-hym-bm-aw 15 dn-{^m-iv- o-hv k -P-dn 16 tlm-an-tbm- -Xn-bp-sS I-Æn-eq-sS 18 se -kpw s{^-bn-apw 20 k -th-{μn-bm-wmw \-b-\w {]-[m-\w 22 an-gn-i-fp-ss ku-μ-cyw

More information

\yq hnj t^m F sn-bn- nmv thƒ-uv. sk]v w-_

\yq hnj t^m F sn-bn- nmv thƒ-uv. sk]v w-_ 1 sk]v w-_ 2016 \yp hn-j t^m F sn-bv- n-mv thƒ-uv ]p-kv-x-iw 16 e- w 13 sk]v w-_ 2016 Xm-fp-Iƒ a-dn- p-tºmƒ 4 5 10 12 13 15 17 19 21 25 FUn-t m-dn-b tum.tpm-kv ]m-d- -S-hn A`n-ap-Jw P\-{]n-b-s\m w tiw

More information

]pgi-sf c- n- m H-cp ]p-xn-b]- -Xn

]pgi-sf c- n- m H-cp ]p-xn-b]- -Xn 2018 APRIL 238 VOLUME 21 ISSUE No. 238 Published from THIRUVALLA on 01-04-2018 ]pgi-sf c- n- m H-cp ]p-xn-b]- -Xn A-{_-lmw s_ -l l-cn-x-tk-\ ÿm-]-i {]-kn-u v- P-e-kw-`-c-W-Øn-\m-bn ]p-gbn Ip-fw-Ip-Øp-I,

More information

2 FUn-t m-dn-b 3 P\-d sk{i- -dn-bpss t]pv 5 sxmgn P-\y-k-Zm-Xp-cX. 21 DØ-c-] w Bbp thzw \ΩpsS ss]xr-i-kzøv. efn-xmw-_ni

2 FUn-t m-dn-b 3 P\-d sk{i- -dn-bpss t]pv 5 sxmgn P-\y-k-Zm-Xp-cX. 21 DØ-c-] w Bbp thzw \ΩpsS ss]xr-i-kzøv. efn-xmw-_ni B]vX Bbp th-z-am-kni Monthly Journal of Ayurveda Medical Association of India May 2012 Vol.19 Issue 5 EDITORIAL BOARD Chief Editor Dr. Sanil Kumar 09946986421 Managing Editor Dr. K.V.Syamlal 09349944767

More information

2009, JpXzv_ \ºcv _bvøp ^pxqlv, e

2009, JpXzv_ \ºcv _bvøp ^pxqlv, e 2009, JpXzv_ \ºcv 27 d^a F hm ns A w Db Øp-I, s]m pi F - Xm-Wv. PUnI hkvxp- sf Db Øp- -Xn\pw t]cpw s]cp-abpw Db Øp- -Xn\pw Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn- p- p. A dm-^n-av A mlp-hns AkvXn-Xz-am-sW- mwv \mw hniz-kn-

More information

\yq hnj t^m F sn-bn- nmv thƒ-uv 1 Unkw-_ 2016

\yq hnj t^m F sn-bn- nmv thƒ-uv 1 Unkw-_ 2016 1 \yq hnj t^m F sn-bn- nmv thƒ-uv 1 Unkw-_ 2016 ae-bm-fn-i-fpss Pohn-X-Øn KpW-]-chpw ka- {K-hp-amb am -߃ p XpS w Ipdn kn.-fw.- Fkv anj-\-dn-am-cpss BK-a-\sØ tic-fob kaqlw F pw IrX- -Xm-]p-c-kcw Hm an-t

More information

sf.]n.kn ^m-an-en tim -{^ -kv a-s-ßn-h-c-hn-s -bpw ]p-xp- -Øn-s -bpw kw-k-aw ]n.-kn ^m-an-en tim -{^ kn-s

sf.]n.kn ^m-an-en tim -{^ -kv a-s-ßn-h-c-hn-s -bpw ]p-xp- -Øn-s -bpw kw-k-aw ]n.-kn ^m-an-en tim -{^ kn-s 20 hmeyw. \hw_ 24 e w. 22 MEMBER: NEWS PAPERS ASSOCIATION OF INDIA tim bw: am txmωm«olmbpss ss]xriw Dd- n- p-ibpw AtX-k-abw {_m W ss]-xr- Iw Dd- n- p-ibpw sntø- Xv k`-bpss ]pxp- -Øn\v AXy- m-t]- n-x-am-sw

More information

ag-sb hnkvabw ÿm\-am-\-ßfpw {InkvXym-\n-bpw Cu {]]- -Øn-s bpw {]Ir-Xn-bp-sSbpw {Ia hnti-j-øns FUnt m-dn-b Xnsbm-tUm dqkvsh v Ata-cn- {]kn-u m-bn-cp

ag-sb hnkvabw ÿm\-am-\-ßfpw {InkvXym-\n-bpw Cu {]]- -Øn-s bpw {]Ir-Xn-bp-sSbpw {Ia hnti-j-øns FUnt m-dn-b Xnsbm-tUm dqkvsh v Ata-cn- {]kn-u m-bn-cp MONTHLY NEWS BULLETIN OF ST. MARY S ORTHODOX CATHEDRAL, ERNAKULAM VOL : 3 ISSUE : 6 JUNE 2009 FUnt m-dn-b ÿm\-am-\-ßfpw {InkvXym-\n-bpw Xnsbm-tUm dqkvsh v Ata-cn- {]kn-u m-bn-cp ImeØv Hcn- B{^n- h\m- -c-ß-fn

More information

EDITORIAL BOARD: Dr. T.P. Abraham Pr. K.T. Thomas, Pr. V.J. Thomaskutty, Pr. Roy Cherian, Pr. Abraham Mannamaruthi (Editor)

EDITORIAL BOARD: Dr. T.P. Abraham Pr. K.T. Thomas, Pr. V.J. Thomaskutty, Pr. Roy Cherian, Pr. Abraham Mannamaruthi (Editor) k`m hm -Ø-Iƒ F m am-k-hpw 5 mw Xo-b-Xn- p-apºv Hm-^o-kn F-Øn-t - -XmWv tej-\߃, A-`n-{]m-b߃, hm -Ø-Iƒ Xp-S-ßn-b-h A-b-bv-t - hn-emkw EDITORIAL BOARD: Dr. T.P. Abraham Pr. K.T. Thomas, Pr. V.J. Thomaskutty,

More information

""hml\w Ipdbv q; Btcm-Kyw hf Øq''

hml\w Ipdbv q; Btcm-Kyw hf Øq'' Vol. 5 No. 10, 15 October 2017 ""hml\w Ipdbv q; Btcm-Kyw hf Øq'' tic-f-øn hml\s cp w cq -ambn A\p-`-h-s -Sm XpS-ßn-bn v Ipd- p-im-e-am-bn. AtXmsS KXm-K-X- p-cp pw (traffic jam) h n- p. AXpaqew hml-\-ß-fn

More information

]. I\y-I-a-dnbw. (Hcp ]T\w)

]. I\y-I-a-dnbw. (Hcp ]T\w) ]. I\y-I-a-dnbw (Hcp ]T\w) Parisudha Kanyaka Mariam (Study) (Malayalam) by Paul Varghese (Dr. Paulos Mar Gregorios) Written in 1954 and Published in Church Weekly. First Edition : Feb. 15, 1959 Second

More information

Icn-kvam- niv apt w s]s -t mkvxp {]ÿm-\sø _e-s -SpØn: _nj]v dmt^

Icn-kvam- niv apt w s]s -t mkvxp {]ÿm-\sø _e-s -SpØn: _nj]v dmt^ 20 sabv 2018 hmeyw. 24 e w. 10 MEMBER: NEWS PAPERS ASSOCIATION OF INDIA hne Bcm-[-\m-Km-\-߃ kwko-x-ta-f-i-fm- -cpxv tim- -bw: B-cm-[-\-bn kw-kotxm-]-i-c-w-ß-fp-ss i-_v-zw hnizm-kn-i-fp-ss i-_v-z-sø- mƒ

More information

am-[y-a-߃ k-xy-øn-s s]- -Iw D-b -Ø-Ww: tum. sk-_m-kv- y t]mƒ

am-[y-a-߃ k-xy-øn-s s]- -Iw D-b -Ø-Ww: tum. sk-_m-kv- y t]mƒ 20 hmeyw. P\phcn 2019 25 e w. 02 ka-im-eni ]{XnI MEMBER: NEWS PAPERS ASSOCIATION OF INDIA hne ` 4.00 am-[y-a-߃ k-xy-øn-s s]- -Iw D-b -Ø-Ww: tum. sk-_m-kv- y t]mƒ si._n. sf-k- v Ipº-\mSv: "Xn- -bp-ss,

More information

New Vision New Humanity

New Vision New Humanity New Vision New Humanity (Study) Editor: Fr. T. P. Elias Published by Joice Thottackad on behalf of Sophia Books for the glory of God and for the benefit of humankind. First Published : July 2000 Cover

More information

].C m-øn-tbmkv At{^w ZznXn-b ÿm\m-tcm-ln-x-\mbn

].C m-øn-tbmkv At{^w ZznXn-b ÿm\m-tcm-ln-x-\mbn ]pkvxiw 7 e w 5 sabv 2014 Web:syrianchristianity.info/ kolosuriyoyo stmaryscathedral.manarcad user/manarcadpalli {]txyi ]Xn v KOLO SURYOYO ST. MARY S YOUTH ASSOCIATION MANARCAD k`-bpss \h-bpk CS-b³ ].C

More information

am\- -hmsn cq]xm _p - n

am\- -hmsn cq]xm _p - n am\- -hmsn cq]xm _p - n ""sszh-tømsv tn p \n p-hn ; Ahn-Sp v \nß-tfmspw tn p \n pw'' (bmt m_v 4:8) Printed, Published and Edited by Fr. Thankachan alias Joseph Paruvummel, Published from Bishop's House

More information

D -S w. apj-hpc 02 {]nbtc CXp thtwm? 04 ({_Z kmap-th G{_-lmw, jm P) \mw Ftßm v? 08 ({_Z F.-Pn. tpm v, Im -\m-sv, sim n)

D -S w. apj-hpc 02 {]nbtc CXp thtwm? 04 ({_Z kmap-th G{_-lmw, jm P) \mw Ftßm v? 08 ({_Z F.-Pn. tpm v, Im -\m-sv, sim n) D -S w apj-hpc 02 {]nbtc CXp thtwm? 04 ({_Z kmap-th G{_-lmw, jm P) \mw Ftßm v? 08 ({_Z F.-Pn. tpm v, Im -\m-sv, sim n) C y-bnse {_Z-d k`-iƒ 11 ({_Z tpm txmakv, Zp_mbv) {_Z-d k`-i-fnse {]iv\-ß-fpss _m n-]{xw

More information

ss{ikvxh Fgp-Øp-]pc \yqkv

ss{ikvxh Fgp-Øp-]pc \yqkv ss{ikvxh Fgp-Øp-]pc \yqkv Hm sse sszzhm-cni Vol: 7 l Book No. 1 l 2017 August 16 kzmx{ y Zn\m-iw-k-Iƒ \-h-`m-c-x \nà½nxn- m-bn H- p-tn-cp-i : cm-jv{s-]-xn ]n-s- p a-cn- -Xv 71 Ip-cp- p-iƒ- t]pv : 2 \yp-u

More information

FUn-t m-dn-b BZy-kvt\lw Ah-km-\-tØmfw

FUn-t m-dn-b BZy-kvt\lw Ah-km-\-tØmfw ... 1 ... 2 ... FUn-t m-dn-b BZy-kvt\lw Ah-km-\-tØmfw "I Øm-hns\ kvt\ln- m-ø-h Gh-\pw i]n- -s - -h! \ΩpsS I Ømhp hcp p' (1 simcn- y 16:22). ]usemkv simcn- y p Zo L-amb Xs tej\w Ah-km-\n- n- p-i-bm-wv.

More information

tbip Pohn- -Xp-t]mse Bfl-\n-d-hp PohnXw

tbip Pohn- -Xp-t]mse Bfl-\n-d-hp PohnXw tbip Pohn- -Xp-t]mse Bfl-\n-d-hp PohnXw kmiv ]p Yesu jeevichathu Pole (Living as Jesus lived - Malayalam) Zac Poonen 1977 hnh Ø\w: tp _v ss\\m, tpmkv kn. amxyp ]I h-imiw {KŸ-I Øm-hn-\v. {KŸ-I Øm-hns tcjm-aq-e-amb

More information

Zv-LmS-\w sn-øp-i-bm-bn-cp- p A-t±lw. hn-iz-zo-]w A-hm -Uv kn-f-kvf-kv sk-{i -dn dh.-

Zv-LmS-\w sn-øp-i-bm-bn-cp- p A-t±lw. hn-iz-zo-]w A-hm -Uv kn-f-kvf-kv sk-{i -dn dh.- 20 \hw-_ hmeyw. 22 e w. 20 hne `.4.00 Published from Thiruvalla on 20-11- MEMBER NEWS PAPERS ASSOCIATION OF INDIA e-mail: maruppacha@yahoo.com Tel. +91 469 2634321 {InkvXy FIvkvt]m U ln-bn kam-]n p {InkvXy

More information

_neo-th-gvkv ss nƒ Ia dn

_neo-th-gvkv ss nƒ Ia dn hneyw aivsumwmƒuns _neo-th-gvkv ss nƒ Ia dn (]g-b-\n-ba ae-bmf hnh Ø\w) FUn- (-a-e-bm-f hnh Ø\w) t mw txmakv Im\U FUn- (Cw- ojv) B v ^ ÃmUv ]md-bn ]_vfn-t -j kv I n-t»cn Malayalam William MacDonald s BELIEVER

More information

]cn-ip tamdm\vv bq.-f.-c.-bn D ze kzoi-cww

]cn-ip tamdm\vv bq.-f.-c.-bn D ze kzoi-cww ]pkvxiw 12 e w 10 \hw-_ 2018 Internet Edition: http://www.kolosuryoyo syriacchristianity.info//ks.htm stmaryscathedral.manarcad user/manarcadpalli KOLO SURYOYO ST. MARY S YOUTH ASSOCIATION MANARCAD ]cn-ip

More information

sszhw H m-{k-ln- p- p- F- m sszh-øns Zmk- m as m- m-{k-ln- p p!

sszhw H m-{k-ln- p- p- F- m sszh-øns Zmk- m as m- m-{k-ln- p p! sszhw H m-{k-ln- p- p- F- m sszh-øns Zmk- m as m- m-{k-ln- p p! IS B Ønc-ºp p Xnc-am-e-Iƒ B -Sn- p p I XI-cp-hm t]mip- p. F m I -ens ASnØ n KmV-\n-{Z-bn-em-bn-cn- p \o BcmWv? im X ( t]mti ÿew H v, F m

More information

ki-e-po-h-pm-e-ß-tfmspw kl-xm-]--tømss s]cp-amdpi

ki-e-po-h-pm-e-ß-tfmspw kl-xm-]--tømss s]cp-amdpi sndnb s]cp- mƒjpxzv_ 4.11.2005 Ckvem-am-_mZv, e ki-e-po-h-pm-e-ß-tfmspw kl-xm-]--tømss s]cp-amdpi hav-_p-zp- ml hem-xp-ivcn q _nlo iø -_n hm-en-zbv\n Clvkm- -\ -_n-zn Jp _m h b-ømam h akm- o\n hpm-cn-

More information

hnizm-k-kw-c- -I I Ω-\n-c-X-bpsS 50 h j-߃ ]qpy-øn\v hne I ]n CS-b-t{i-jvT bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS {]kn- o-i-cww

hnizm-k-kw-c- -I I Ω-\n-c-X-bpsS 50 h j-߃ ]qpy-øn\v hne I ]n CS-b-t{i-jvT bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS {]kn- o-i-cww "!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!" "!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!" "!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!" "!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"!"

More information

Vol. 1 No. 44 THE ONLINE OFFICIAL NEWS BULLETTIN 2018 October 18

Vol. 1 No. 44 THE ONLINE OFFICIAL NEWS BULLETTIN 2018 October 18 Vol. 1 No. 44 THE ONLINE OFFICIAL NEWS BULLETTIN 2018 October 18 a mt cn Iq\ Ipcniv ]gb kpdnbm\n ] nbn, ]. i{i m am _tkentbmkv a{^nbm\mbpss 254 maxv Hm as cp mfn\v ]. _tkentbmkv am tømωm ]utemkv ZznXob

More information

2013 reserved. Copyright

2013 reserved. Copyright Copyright C 2013 reserved C Copyright of the sketches, monograms, logo and other materials used in this story to create pages as they appeared in the periodicals, belongs to the respective publishers of

More information

`-b-sø Io-gv-s -Sp-Øpw: d-h. tum. tpm si.am-xyp

`-b-sø Io-gv-s -Sp-Øpw: d-h. tum. tpm si.am-xyp 20 2015 sk]v- w_ hmeyw. 20 e w. 18 hne `.4.00 Published from Thiruvalla on 20-09-2015 sf-.]n.kn. an-uv-sh-ãv do-pn-b k-tω-f-\w ]m-ã jm-pn Zm-\n-tb D-Zv-Lm-S-\w sn-bv-xp {]-kw-kn- p- p. t^m-t m: ^n- n cm-pp,

More information

- p-kvxm-bn Bcw-`n Xncpk`

- p-kvxm-bn Bcw-`n Xncpk` 05 hmeyw. HtŒm_ 2018 24 e w. 19 -sim- p- m- hnhmtl-xc ssewkn-i- _ w {Inan-\ Ip -a-s p kp{]ow-tim-s-xn. ]m]-øns in \ ti- Xp tims-xn-b, sszh-am-sw p tum. sk_-mãy t]mƒ ]d- n- p- v. ka-im-eni ]{XnI maruppacha@yahoo.com

More information

]mã _n\p tpm v. ti-c-f-øn-se s]-s -t mkv-xp

]mã _n\p tpm v. ti-c-f-øn-se s]-s -t mkv-xp 20 2015 Pq MEMBER NEWS PAPERS ASSOCIATION OF INDIA e-mail: maruppacha@yahoo.com Tel. +91 469 2634321 hmeyw. 20 e w. 11 hne `.4.00 Published from Thiruvalla on 20-06-2015 ka-im-eni ]{XnI A-ta-cn- -bn a-e-bm-f-h-k-

More information

... s^{_p-hcn

... s^{_p-hcn ... 1 ... 2 ... FUn-t m-dn-b tbip-hns ]co- -Iƒ \ap p Xcp ]mtw tbip ]nimnn-\m ]co- n- -s - p. F{XtØmfw? DØcw: \ap- p-xp-ey-ambn, k -Øn-epw (F{_m-b 4:15). tbiphns Cu ]co- -I-fpsS kw n-]vx-hn-hcww aøm-bnbpw

More information

C m-anse \yq\-]- -amwv. sf.-f-kv : {^m kn-kv ]m

C m-anse \yq\-]- -amwv. sf.-f-kv : {^m kn-kv ]m 20 2016 sk]v w-_ hmeyw. 21 e w. 18 hne `.4.00 ka-im-eni ]{XnI MEMBER NEWS PAPERS ASSOCIATION OF INDIA e-mail: maruppacha@yahoo.com www.marupacha.com Tel. +91 469 2634321 Published from Thiruvalla on 20-09-2016

More information

hmb-\- mtcm-ssm w Hcp NphSp ap n Published from Kottarakkara on VOL. 7 Issue No. 06 Kottarakkara Page 8 Annual Subscription ` 150/-

hmb-\- mtcm-ssm w Hcp NphSp ap n Published from Kottarakkara on VOL. 7 Issue No. 06 Kottarakkara Page 8 Annual Subscription ` 150/- kxy-k- -X-tbmsS! kss[cyw!! kq va-x-tbmss!!! hmb-\- mtcm-ssm w Hcp NphSp ap n Published from Kottarakkara on 15-01-2018 2018 January 15 MONTHLY Registered News paper VOL. 7 Issue No. 06 Kottarakkara Page

More information

s]-s -t m-kvx-tcmsv am v tnmzn- p

s]-s -t m-kvx-tcmsv am v tnmzn- p 1 05 ka-im-eni ]{XnI www.marupacha.com MEMBER NEWS PAPERS ASSOCIATION OF INDIA BKÃv 2014 e-mail: maruppacha@yahoo.com www.marupacha.com Tel. +91 469 2634321 hmeyw. 18 e w. 15 hne `.4.00 Published from

More information

FUnt mdnb... tum. tpmkv ]md- -S-hn. {InkvXp-hns kvt\l- k-tμiw tpm_n ]n. G{_lmw. IkvXq-cn-cw-K-\ KmUvKn mwv Ime-L- -Øns Bhiyw _nj v txmakv si.

FUnt mdnb... tum. tpmkv ]md- -S-hn. {InkvXp-hns kvt\l- k-tμiw tpm_n ]n. G{_lmw. IkvXq-cn-cw-K-\ KmUvKn mwv Ime-L- -Øns Bhiyw _nj v txmakv si. NEW VISION FOR A CHANGING WORLD is an ecumenical magazine owned by a Nava Darshan Trust, a Public Charitable Trust registered in1999. This periodical, originally started in 1992 as a bimonthly entitled

More information

F mw icn-bmipw. A\q]v tp _v Fw.-F.F. bpss ]ndhw. Vol. 6 No. 7, 15 August 2018

F mw icn-bmipw. A\q]v tp _v Fw.-F.F. bpss ]ndhw. Vol. 6 No. 7, 15 August 2018 Vol. 6 No. 7, 15 August 2018 F mw icn-bmipw A\q]v tp _v Fw.-F.F. bpss ]ndhw sk v tacokv ] n kw_- n k_van-j\v _: apjy-a{ n ]nw-dmbn hnp-b ticfm Akw-ªnbn \evinb adp-]sn F m {][m\ hm Øm am[ya-ß-fnepw h -Xm-Wv.

More information

]nkn-\m v 2018 Pqsse 5 8 hsc t_mã Hcpßn

]nkn-\m v 2018 Pqsse 5 8 hsc t_mã Hcpßn ]nkn-\m v 2018 Pqsse 5 8 hsc t_mã Hcpßn ]mã s_ty tpm k I ho-\ t_mã : A-ta-cn- -bn-epw Im-\-U-bn-ep-ap- s]-s -t m-kv- Xv k-`-i-fp-ss sf-iy-iq- m-bv-a-bmb ]n.-kn.-f.-f.-si.-bp-ss 2018 tim -^-d -kv t_m-ã

More information

PpapA JpXzv_ 2011 sabv 20 lzvdxv Jeo-^-Xp akolv A Jm-ankv hnh Ø\w

PpapA JpXzv_ 2011 sabv 20 lzvdxv Jeo-^-Xp akolv A Jm-ankv hnh Ø\w Jeo-^-Xp akolv A Jmankv PpapA JpXzv_ 2011 sabv 20 lzvdxv Jeo-^-Xp akolv A Jm-ankv hnh Ø\w Fw. \mkn AlvaZv simsn-b-øq Xncp-\_n bpss bym t{]anbpw Zmk\pw Ime- Øns Camapw Xncp-\-_n- bpss {]h-n-\-{]-imcw BI-

More information

apgp-h krjvsn-i-tfmspw klm-\p-`qxn {]I-Sn- n- p-i.

apgp-h krjvsn-i-tfmspw klm-\p-`qxn {]I-Sn- n- p-i. JpXzv_ \º 22 01-06-2012 PpapA JpXzv_ lzvdøv an km akvdq AlvaZv Jeo-^-Øp akolv A Jm-ankv hnh Ø\w: Fw. \mkn AlvaZv simsn-b-øq apgp-h krjvsn-i-tfmspw klm-\p-`qxn {]I-Sn- n- p-i. A lw-zp-en- m-lv. C v AlvaZnøm

More information

AM PUBLISHED BY GOSPEL VOICE PUBLISHERS SUVISESHANADAM. D -S w. hcn-kw-jym- \n-c v. 3 tã v Hmh kn-bdpss IØv... ]mã Fw. Ip n

AM PUBLISHED BY GOSPEL VOICE PUBLISHERS SUVISESHANADAM. D -S w. hcn-kw-jym- \n-c v. 3 tã v Hmh kn-bdpss IØv... ]mã Fw. Ip n FOREIGN REPRESENTATIVES USA N.Y. Abraham P. Abraham Ph: 718-343-7462 N.Y. Koshy M. Varghese Ph: 845-2678-373 N.Y. Prasad Mathew Ph: 585-467-4190 T.N. A.V. Daniel Ph: 423-899-3995 N.J. P. V. Mathew. Ph:

More information

Hcp bpkw Ahkm\n p. kwbp {]m \ G{]n 10\v. C UybpsS At mkvxe tum. t]mƒ ]n \nxyxbn. km n. ]m-ã kmw-ip- n Nm-t m \n-e-ºq

Hcp bpkw Ahkm\n p. kwbp {]m \ G{]n 10\v. C UybpsS At mkvxe tum. t]mƒ ]n \nxyxbn. km n. ]m-ã kmw-ip- n Nm-t m \n-e-ºq Hcp bpkw Ahkm\n p ]m-ã sp ]m-ã si. Pn tpm-k-^v tpm- ap-f- p-g: N - v Hm-^v tkm- Uv C C -Uy ti-c-fm tã- v Iu -kn sk-{i- -dn-bm-bn ]m- Ã sp tpm-k-^v ho- pw sxsc- -Sp- -s - p. tã- v Hm-h -knb- d-h. kn kn

More information

hcm- pg AXncq]Xm Kk v

hcm- pg AXncq]Xm Kk v VERAPOLY ARCHDIOCESAN GAZETTE hcm- pg AXncq]Xm Kk v VOL. LX - JK 1 2016 DECEMBER 20 NO. 1 CS-b-te-J\w tbiphn {]nb ktlmzc sshzoitc, k ymkktlmzc mtc, ktlmzcnamtc, h ea tf, "cq]-x-i-fpss amxmhv' F v Adn-b-s

More information

hnizm-k-kw-c- -I s]cp- mƒ, hnhml [q Øp-Iƒ Hgn-hm- Ww:

hnizm-k-kw-c- -I s]cp- mƒ, hnhml [q Øp-Iƒ Hgn-hm- Ww: hnizm-k-kw-c- -I www.viswasasamrakshakan.org bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS {]kn- o-i-cww Vol. 2 No. 10 Issue 34 s]cp- mƒ, hnhml [q Øp-Iƒ Hgn-hm- Ww: t{ijvt ImtXm-en _mh Jul uly 15-30 2007 ]pø

More information

Imfn-bm- Fgp-amen IpSpw_ Ncn-{Xw

Imfn-bm- Fgp-amen IpSpw_ Ncn-{Xw Imfn-bm- Fgp-amen IpSpw_ Ncn-{Xw ]cnjv cn c mw ]Xn v Unkw-_ 2010 Kaliyankal Ezhumali Kudumba Charithram (Malayalam) (Private circulation only) I st Edition 1987 II nd Revised Edition 2010 Copies : 400

More information

A[n-\n-thi kwkvim-cw ac- m- nse sxø-ß-fn

A[n-\n-thi kwkvim-cw ac- m- nse sxø-ß-fn A[n-\n-thi kwkvim-cw ac- m- nse sxø-ß-fn Nimmy Kurian Assistant Professor, Pavanatma College, Murickassery nimmyk9@gmail.com kw{klw (Abstract) DØ-cm-[p-\nI cn-bn-xmhmb Aw_n-Im-kp-X amßm-sns "ac- m- nse

More information

{]m -\-tbmss k`sb hf -bn-te v \bn pw

{]m -\-tbmss k`sb hf -bn-te v \bn pw 1 lm-te-eq 394 15-30 MARCH, 2013 Pages 12 Published From Thiruvalla Reg. No. KL/KTM/209/2012-14 News Paper RN.No. 68759/96 {]m -\-tbmss k`sb hf -bn-te v \bn pw gn pw, kphn-ti-j-{]h Ø-\-ßfn ] m-fn-ifmbpw

More information

Zp-cp-]-tbm-Kw A]-I-S-Icw

Zp-cp-]-tbm-Kw A]-I-S-Icw ssj-pp txm-a-kv Rm-d-bv- I-gn- \q- m- n-s G- -hpw h-en-b {]-txy-i-x hn-h-c km-t - Xn-I cw-k-øv D- m-b Ip-Xn- v Nm- -am-wv. C- -s\- v A-[n-jvTn-X-amb km-t -Xn-I-hn-Zy-bv- pw A-Xns hn-im-k-øn-\pw c- v h-i-ßfm-wp-

More information

hni-k-\-øns t]cn tbip-hns\ hn -cpxv

hni-k-\-øns t]cn tbip-hns\ hn -cpxv 2018 MARCH VOLUME 21 ISSUE No. 237 Published from THIRUVALLA on 01-03-2018 hni-k-\-øns t]cn tbip-hns\ hn -cpxv sim-lna: hn-i-k-\-øn-s a- d-hn tb-ip-hn-s\ hn - -cp-sx- v \m-km-em v _m-]v- n-ãv N - kv Iu

More information

THALASSERY ARCHDIOCESAN BuLLETIN

THALASSERY ARCHDIOCESAN BuLLETIN `qanbpss AXn ØnIƒ hsc c FØn psimsp m P\XIƒ p Zo]ambn \ns ÿm]n ncn p p (Giø 49,6). hmeyw 07 Unkw-_ 2015 e w 12 Xe-t»cn AXn-cq-]Xm _p n THALASSERY ARCHDIOCESAN BuLLETIN H -{]Xn 10 cq] hm jni hcn-kwjy 120

More information

Thirusannidhiyil HH Baselius Geevarghese II Catholicos. (Malayalam)

Thirusannidhiyil HH Baselius Geevarghese II Catholicos. (Malayalam) Xncp-k- n-[n-bn (Malayalam) Thirusannidhiyil HH Baselius Geevarghese II Catholicos Edited & Published by Joice Thottackad on behalf of Sophia Books, Kottayam for the glory of God and for the benefit of

More information

tkfn Hcp kpμc k o Ø\w

tkfn Hcp kpμc k o Ø\w tkfn Hcp kpμc k o Ø\w tkfn Hcp kpμc k o Ø\w 1 2 tkfn Hcp kpμc k o Ø\w tkfn Hcp kpμc k o Ø\w 3 tkfn Hcp kpμc k o Ø\w AUz. h Kokv ]n. txmakv hnxcww kn.fkv.fkv. _p v tjm v Xncph 4 tkfn Hcp kpμc k o Ø\w (Malayalam)

More information

_m_-bpss Kbm-bm{X BSp-I-fpsS IY apj-hpc

_m_-bpss Kbm-bm{X BSp-I-fpsS IY apj-hpc _m_-bpss Kbm-bm{X BSp-I-fpsS IY Cu A ymbw ima-bpss Imin, {]bm-kv, Kb apxemb ÿe-ß-fnse Xo -bm-{xbpw _m_ Xs Nn{X-cq-]- Øn Abmƒ p aps AhnsS FØn-b-Xpw, c v BSp-IfpsS ap - -sø-] n _m_- p Hm Ω-Ifpw hnh-cn- p-

More information

aojm. BapJw I. Imt\m-\nse AXp-ey-ÿm\w III. Fgp-X-s Imew

aojm. BapJw I. Imt\m-\nse AXp-ey-ÿm\w III. Fgp-X-s Imew aojm 1046 1047 aojm BapJw ^e-{]-z-amb Hcp ktµiw Adn-bn- p-hm axn-bmb i nbpw ss[cy-hp-ap ]mh-ß-fpss \ -bv mbn {]h Øn- p- p. KW-\o-b\mb Hcp hy nsb Is -Øp- Xp KpW-I-c-am-Wv. Xs P\sØ hf-sc-b-sp-ødn- p-sim

More information

km -z-\{]-imiw "km z-\-{]-im-i-ta, \bn- mepw' ]mem cq]xm _p - n Vol. LX No.10 OCTOBER 2010

km -z-\{]-imiw km z-\-{]-im-i-ta, \bn- mepw' ]mem cq]xm _p - n Vol. LX No.10 OCTOBER 2010 ""\n߃ temi-øns {]Im-i-am-Ip- p... a\p-jy \nß-fpss k {]-hr-øn-iƒ I v, kz -ÿ-\mb \nß-fpss ]nxm-hns\ al-xz-s -Sp-tØ- -Xn\v \nß-fpss shfn w Ah-cpsS apºn {]Im-in- -s.'' (aømb n 5: 14-16) "km z-\-{]-im-i-ta,

More information

ae- ck`m-]-{xni ßsf IqSp-X {i n- m-\pw, t{]m m-ln- n- m\pw CXneqsS

ae- ck`m-]-{xni ßsf IqSp-X {i n- m-\pw, t{]m m-ln- n- m\pw CXneqsS ae- c k`-bpss apj-]{xw ÿm]nxw 2004 hm jni hcn-kwjy 100 cq] Vol. 6 No. 4 Reg. No. KERMAL 1248/11/1/2005-TC No. M2/42356/05 A Publication of the Public Relations Department, Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church

More information

d Irjn hni-k\ ] Xn 1 d Irjn hni-k\] Xn Bdmw L w ' '12 d t_m Uv

d Irjn hni-k\ ] Xn 1 d Irjn hni-k\] Xn Bdmw L w ' '12 d t_m Uv d Irjn hni-k\ ] Xn 1 d Irjn hni-k\] Xn Bdmw L w 2007- '08-2011- '12 d t_m Uv 2 d Irjn hni-k\ ] Xn d t_m Uv d Irjn hni-k\ ] Xn Bdmw L w \n_- -\-Iƒ I. Dt±iyw B[p-\nI imkv{xob Irjn-co-Xn-Iƒ Ah-ew-_n- p d

More information

]mã n.-fkv. G{_lmw hns-hmßn

]mã n.-fkv. G{_lmw hns-hmßn 05 s^{_phcn 2018 hmeyw. 23 e w. 03 MEMBER: NEWS PAPERS ASSOCIATION OF INDIA hne ` 4.00 ka-im-eni ]{XnI maruppacha@yahoo.com www.marupacha.com Published from Thiruvalla on 05-02-2018 ]mã n.-fkv. G{_lmw

More information

kvt\l-øns c p hi-߃ FUn-t m-dn-b tbml- m As m-kvx-e-s\- p-dn p {]Nm-c-Ønep

kvt\l-øns c p hi-߃ FUn-t m-dn-b tbml- m As m-kvx-e-s\- p-dn p {]Nm-c-Ønep ... 1 ... 2 ... FUn-t m-dn-b kvt\l-øns c p hi-߃ tbml- m As m-kvx-e-s\- p-dn p {]Nm-c-Ønep Hcp IY-bp- v. tbip-hns injy- m-cn G hpw IqSp-X Imew Pohn- n-cp Xp tbml- m- \m-w-t m. F. Un. 90 ASp-ØmWp tbml-

More information

ss{ikvxh `h-\-߃ Aø- - m-cpss CS-Øm-hfw

ss{ikvxh `h-\-߃ Aø- - m-cpss CS-Øm-hfw 05 hmeyw. Unkw_ 2018 24 e w. 23 MEMBER: NEWS PAPERS ASSOCIATION OF INDIA F. kmw \n-xy-x-bn -sim- p- m- Ign sxmæqdp h jambn Rm i_-cn-a-e-bnse Ac-h-W- m-bkw Ign- p- p. Ac-h-W- m-bkw t]mse C{X-bpw {]i-kvx-amb

More information

... s^{_p-hcn

... s^{_p-hcn ... 1 ... 2 ... FUn-t m-dn-b Xo vw-x-bp sszhsø Xr]vXn-s -Sp-ØpI temiøp c v hy n-iƒ n-s-bnse G hpw Cgb-Sp- -ap _ w `mcym-` Xr_ -am-wv. sszhhpw a\p-jy\pw XΩn-ep _ sø sszh-h-n\w CXnt\m-SmWv D]-an- n-cn- p-

More information

aueni kxy߃, aqey-ap Pohn-X-Øn\v hmeyw 13 s^{_p-hcn 2015 e w 2

aueni kxy߃, aqey-ap Pohn-X-Øn\v hmeyw 13 s^{_p-hcn 2015 e w 2 aueni kxy߃, aqey-ap Pohn-X-Øn\v hmeyw 13 s^{_p-hcn 2015 e w 2 T O Z H I P U B L I C M A A E V JEEVAMOZHIKAL Poh-sam-gn-Iƒ \mym... \nxy-po-hs samgn-iƒ \ns ] -ep- t m (sbm-l. 6:68) hmeyw 13 s^{_phcn 2015

More information

ss n-fn-te v FØn-t - Hcm-fmWv Rm : kn.-hn. _me-ir-jvw

ss n-fn-te v FØn-t - Hcm-fmWv Rm : kn.-hn. _me-ir-jvw 20 2017 sabv hmeyw. 22 e w. 10 hne `.4.00 txmakv Ipcp-hn-f, X tim bw: ss n-fn-te v asßn-sb-ønb Bf-, ss_-_nfn-te v FØn-t Hcm-fmWv Xms p {]kn km-ln-xy- Imc kn.-hn. _me-ir-jvw hnfn- -s - -h- At\-Iw, Xnc-s

More information

\yq\-]- -h-imiw ]n m- m-hÿ ]cn-l-cn- p-hm-\ ax-]-cn-h Ø-\-am-tcm-]n v ]mã-sd-bpw hnizm-kn-i-sfbpw AdÃv snbvxp Nmt m si.

\yq\-]- -h-imiw ]n m- m-hÿ ]cn-l-cn- p-hm-\ ax-]-cn-h Ø-\-am-tcm-]n v ]mã-sd-bpw hnizm-kn-i-sfbpw AdÃv snbvxp Nmt m si. ka-im-eni ]{XnI 1 ka-im-eni ]{XnI MEMBER NEWS PAPERS ASSOCIATION OF INDIA www.marupacha.com hmeyw 15 e w : 08 e-mail: maruppacha@yahoo.com hne 4.00 ]p\-cp- m\ \mfn-\mbv... ain-l-bpss {]Xy- X ImØp-In-S-

More information

sk]v w-_ \yq hnj t^m F sn-bn- nmv thƒ-uv

sk]v w-_ \yq hnj t^m F sn-bn- nmv thƒ-uv 1 sk] w-_ 2017 C- -gn- kzm-x-{ y-zn-\-øn-s X-te-Znh-kw ti-c-f kwÿm-\ sk-{i- -dn-tb- n-\p ap-ºn km-[mc-w Im-Wm-Ø H-cp D-]hm-k ka-cw \-S p. kzm-x- { y-øn-s 70 h -j-߃ ]q -Øn-bm-Ip-tºmgpw A- h-k-w-\-bn I-gn-bp-,

More information

Kh Æ-dpsS DØ-chv {]Im-cw. Un.-k-c-kzXn AΩ, AUo-j-W sk{i- -dn,

Kh Æ-dpsS DØ-chv {]Im-cw. Un.-k-c-kzXn AΩ, AUo-j-W sk{i- -dn, ticf k m kw{klw s]mxphn-zym-`ym-kw- -l-b sk- - dn hnzym-`y-kw Kh sa v/f-bvuuv kvipfp-i-fnse A ym-]i c m-i Ør-k-an-XnbpsS (Parent Teachers Association -PTA) {]h Ø-\-Øn-\p am \n t±-i-߃ AwKo-I-cn v DØ-chv

More information

a\pjysc a[yÿ-cm- -cptx! s{]m^-k Ggw-Ipfw kmwip- n

a\pjysc a[yÿ-cm- -cptx! s{]m^-k Ggw-Ipfw kmwip- n a\pjysc a[yÿ-cm- -cptx! s{]m^-k Ggw-Ipfw kmwip- n Manushyere Madhyastharakkaruthe! Malayalam Dr. Ezhamkulam Chacko Samkutty, M.A., Ph.D. Professor of English Literature Copyright : Dr. E.C. Samkutty First

More information

kt_m Unt\ v sepnt j kanxn ( )

kt_m Unt\ v sepnt j kanxn ( ) ]Xnaq mw ticf \nbak` kt_m Unt\ v sepnt j kanxn (2011-2014) ]søm ]XmaXv dnt m v (2014 s^{_p-hcn 3 mw XobXn ka n- -Xv) 2005-se The Private Security Agencies (Regulation) Actþ- Iogn ]pd-s -Sp-hn Fkv.B.H.

More information

Ah-km-\n- p- p-sh- n Hcp hos -Sp- -s sszh-ss]-x-emb hnizm-kn-bpss PohnXw ac-w-an- m-bvabn-eqss

Ah-km-\n- p- p-sh- n Hcp hos -Sp- -s sszh-ss]-x-emb hnizm-kn-bpss PohnXw ac-w-an- m-bvabn-eqss k`bpw injyxzhpw km[m-cw a\p-jys kzm`mhni Pohn-X-Øn\v acww F AXncp- v. F m {InkvXym\n Akzm- `m-hni a\p-jy-\m-b-xp-sim pw, Akzm-`m-hnI P\-\hpw Pohn-Xhpw ac- Whpw D m-\hpw e`n {InkvXp-hnep, Bg-ta-dnb hnizmkw

More information

EDITORIAL BOARD: Dr. T.P. Abraham Pr. K.T. Thomas, Pr. V.J. Thomaskutty, Pr. Roy Cherian, Pr. Abraham Mannamaruthi (Editor)

EDITORIAL BOARD: Dr. T.P. Abraham Pr. K.T. Thomas, Pr. V.J. Thomaskutty, Pr. Roy Cherian, Pr. Abraham Mannamaruthi (Editor) k`m hm -Ø-Iƒ F m am-k-hpw 5 mw Xo-b-Xn- p-apºv Hm-^o-kn F-Øn-t - -XmWv tej-\߃, A-`n-{]m-b߃, hm -Ø-Iƒ Xp-S-ßn-b-h A-b-bv-t - hn-emkw EDITORIAL BOARD: Dr. T.P. Abraham Pr. K.T. Thomas, Pr. V.J. Thomaskutty,

More information

]mã kn.-kn. txmakv Npa-Xe Gs -SpØp

]mã kn.-kn. txmakv Npa-Xe Gs -SpØp KERMAL / 2007 / 21096 PUBLISHED FROM THIRUVALLA ON 05-10 - 2016 hmeyw 12 e w: 10 HIvtSm-_ 2016 Price Rs. 10/- Annual Subscription RS. 100/- ]mã kn.-kn. txmakv Npa-Xe Gs -SpØp ap-f- p-g: N - v Hm-^v tkm-uv

More information

5 apj- p-dn v. Iena: Jp -Bs kwt ]w lzvdøv AlvaZv (A) A\p-kva-cWw, hm Ø-Iƒ.

5 apj- p-dn v. Iena: Jp -Bs kwt ]w lzvdøv AlvaZv (A) A\p-kva-cWw, hm Ø-Iƒ. ]pkvxiw 78 e w 10 HIvtSm-_ 2006 CJmAv 1385 da-zm - - i m 1427 No^v FUn- auehn apl-ωzv Ckvambn FUn- G. Fw. apl-ωzv kenw FUn-t m-dn-b t_m Uv s{]m^. alvaqzv AlvaZv (sn-b am ) si.-hn. Cuk-t mb si. hn. l timb

More information

{Klmw kvs bn kns Ncn{Xw sh n-xn-c-bn Ata-cn- -bn dneokv s^{_phcn 1-\v \n ΩmWw ae-bmfnbmb hnivs G{_lmw

{Klmw kvs bn kns Ncn{Xw sh n-xn-c-bn Ata-cn- -bn dneokv s^{_phcn 1-\v \n ΩmWw ae-bmfnbmb hnivs G{_lmw 2019 JANUARY VOLUME 22 ISSUE No. 247 Published from THIRUVALLA on 01-01-2019 aev]m Nmt m: dnssh-h (Revival), dn\yp-h (Renewal) \S- Ww F m-{k-ln p {]h Øn- p \qdp IW- n\v {]ÿm-\-߃ Ds - nepw ^ew ImWp- n-

More information

\yq hnj t^m F sn-bn- nmv thƒ-uv

\yq hnj t^m F sn-bn- nmv thƒ-uv 1 sabv 2018 sabv 2018 2 \yp hn-j t^m F sn-bv- n-mv thƒ-uv ]p-kv-x-iw 18 e- w 9 sabv 2018 Xm-fp-Iƒ a-dn- p-tºmƒ 4 5 8 _-Z -am -K-߃ I-s -Øn-bn-s - n h-b - n-fn-iƒ F m-bn-søpw ]-d- p-b-cpw. FUn-t m-dn-b

More information

Executive Summary of Climate Change MALAYALAM. Reconsidered

Executive Summary of Climate Change MALAYALAM. Reconsidered Executive Summary of Climate Change MALAYALAM Reconsidered Climate Change Reconsidered Lead Authors Craig Idso (USA), S. Fred Singer (USA) Contributors and Reviewers Warren Anderson (USA), J. Scott Armstrong

More information

bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS {]kn- o-i-cww Vol. 2 No. 24 Issue 48 March

bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS {]kn- o-i-cww Vol. 2 No. 24 Issue 48 March hnizm-k-kw-c- -I bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS {]kn- o-i-cww www.viswasasamrakshakan.org v v v Vol. 2 No. 24 Issue 48 March 1-15 2008 a -\n- c P\-km-K-c-ambn temi-øns hnhn[ `mk-ß-fn tzmkv sk{i-

More information

CS-Xp-] cmjv{sobw t\cn-sp {]Xn-k-Ôn-bpw...

CS-Xp-] cmjv{sobw t\cn-sp {]Xn-k-Ôn-bpw... CS-Xp-] cmjv{sobw t\cn-sp {]Xn-k-Ôn-bpw... s{]mhmjv tlmjv CS-Xp-] cmjv{sobw t\cn-sp {]Xn-k-Ôn-bpw... CS-Xp-]- -cm-jv{so-bw t\cnsp {]Xnk nbpw ^mknãv hn]øpw apx-em-fn-ø-hn-cp- hnπht mcm hpw _nsp-]n- -B -F-kv-Fkv

More information

Khuthba Khulasa JpXv_ kw{klw

Khuthba Khulasa JpXv_ kw{klw - Khuthba Khulasa 25.11.16 JpXv_ kw{klw k nzp\m lzvdxv Aaodp apavan\o³ Jeo^ pâ akolv AÂJmankv A ZlpÃmlv 25.11.16 \v ss_ pâ ^p qlv e-\nâ \nàhln PpapA JpXzv_bpsS kw{klwhn[n ]d-bp t\cøv Xß-fpsS F m Ign-hp-I-tfm-Spw-IqSn

More information

sf.]n.kn Im-\-U- do-pn-b- cq]o-ir-x-ambn {]-kn-u v: ]m-ã s]-\n-tb sn-dn-bm, sk-{i- -dn: ]m-ã s_- n am-xyp

sf.]n.kn Im-\-U- do-pn-b- cq]o-ir-x-ambn {]-kn-u v: ]m-ã s]-\n-tb sn-dn-bm, sk-{i- -dn: ]m-ã s_- n am-xyp - sf.]n.kn Im-\-U- do-pn-b- cq]o-ir-x-ambn {]-kn-u v: ]m-ã s]-\n-tb sn-dn-bm, sk-{i- -dn: ]m-ã s_- n am-xyp Im-\-U do-pn-b `m-c-hm-ln-iƒ sf.]n.kn P-\-d {]-kn-u- v ]m-ã tp- -_v tpm-wn-t\m-ssm- w ssm-dm

More information

CHAPTER: 1 Eph 1:1 ""sszthjvs-øm {InkvXp-tb-ip-hns As m-kvx-e-\mb ]usemkv (F-^-skmkn D ) hnip- - mcpw {InkvXp-tb-ip-hn hnizm-kn-i-fp-am-b-h p Fgp-Xp- Xp'' Paul - An apostle of Christ. (a) {InkvXp-tbiphns

More information

kphntiji bm{xbmbn ho-sv k-μ -in- p-am-bn-cp- p. X-s a-c-w hm -Ø A-dn- v H- _m-a C-ß-s\ Szn- v sn-bv-xp. ""Ata-cn- -bn-se

kphntiji bm{xbmbn ho-sv k-μ -in- p-am-bn-cp- p. X-s a-c-w hm -Ø A-dn- v H- _m-a C-ß-s\ Szn- v sn-bv-xp. Ata-cn- -bn-se kphntiji bm{xbmbn {]Imiv ]n. timin tim-sn- -W- n-\v P-\- ß-tfm-Sv kp-hn-ti-jw {]-kw-kn- v kp-hn-ti-j-sø A- -cm - - Øn P-\-Io-I-cn- _n- n-{k-lman-s\-t m-se a-s m-cp kp-hn-tij-i N-cn-{X-Øn C-. kp-hnti-j-k-xy-øn-s

More information

hnizm-k-kw-c- -I Biw-k-Iƒ G{]n 21 \v 75 mw P -Zn\w BtLm-jn- p ]. ]nxm-hn\v bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS {]kn- o-i-cww

hnizm-k-kw-c- -I Biw-k-Iƒ G{]n 21 \v 75 mw P -Zn\w BtLm-jn- p ]. ]nxm-hn\v bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS {]kn- o-i-cww hnizm-k-kw-c- -I www.viswasasamrakshakan.org bmt m-_mb kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS {]kn- o-i-cww Vol. 3 Issue 51 April 15-30 2008 G{]n 21 \v 75 mw P -Zn\w BtLm-jn- p ]. ]nxm-hn\v Biw-k-Iƒ hnizmk kwc-

More information

]pd- msv. BapJw. I. Imt\m\nse AXp-ey-amb ÿm\w. II. {KŸ-I ØrXzw. III. Fgp-Xnb Imew

]pd- msv. BapJw. I. Imt\m\nse AXp-ey-amb ÿm\w. II. {KŸ-I ØrXzw. III. Fgp-Xnb Imew ]pd- msv 82 83 ]pd- msv BapJw sszh-øns c -Wy-{]-hr-Øn-I-fpsS A -h-ømb Hcp BJym-\-ambn sszh-im-kv{xsø ImWp- hsc kw_- n- n-s-tømfw thz-]p-kvx-i-øn ]pd- msp ]pkvxiw Hgn-sI-bp _m n-]p-kvx- I-ß-fpsS hnh-c-w-ßsf

More information

Ir]-bpsS k`-iƒ tic-f-ønepw

Ir]-bpsS k`-iƒ tic-f-ønepw 1 lm-te-eqø 411 VOL. 18 ISSUE 20 c m-bn-c-øn\v tijw tic-f- Øn hym]-i-amb \yq P\-td-j k`-i-fpss ]n p-s -bm-bmwv dmun- s{kbvkn\v tic-f-øn thtcm- -ap- m-bn-cn- p- -Xv. {]apj \yq P\-td-j {]kw-k-i-cmb tpm temd

More information

hn. _n. Fkv. kam-]n p

hn. _n. Fkv. kam-]n p 1 KOLO SURYOYO hn. a Ø-a-dnbw bqøv At m-kn-tb-j aw ImSv apj-]{xw e w þ1 ]pkvxiw þ 4 sabvþ 2008 hn. _n. Fkv. kam-]n p sp. Fkv. hn. _n. Fkv. kam-]-\-tøm-s-\p-_- n v \S-Ønb Ip n-i-fpss dmen With best Compliments

More information

Emulate the testimony of the people of faith -Part :2

Emulate the testimony of the people of faith -Part :2 Emulate the testimony of the people of faith -Part :2 (5) Sara (kmdm)þ F{_m:(11:11,12) Dev]:(16:1,2), Dev]:(21:1þ7) sszh- nsâ kvt\ln-x³ F p hnfn- -s «A{_m-ansâ Iq«-h-Imin BIpI F `mkyw F\n v e`n- pi am{x-aã

More information

hn. aøm-bn-bpss kphn-tijw

hn. aøm-bn-bpss kphn-tijw hn. aøm-bn-bpss kphn-tijw ALPHA INSTITUTE OF THEOLOGY AND SCIENCE Thalassery, Kerala, India - 670 101 Ph: 0490 2344727, 2343707 Web: www.alphathalassery.org, Email: alphits@gmail.com D S w Title: Published

More information