DC BOOKS. tum. suman-\niv sp. Im q

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2 tum. suman-\niv sp. Im q CSp n Pn -bnse tnm p-]m-d-bn 1968 P\-\w. A tpm_v Im q, AΩ adn-bm-ω. tnm p-]md B.-]n.-Fw. F.-]n.-F-kv, kn.-f-kv.-bp.-]n.-f-kv, I m Kh. sslkviqƒ, A\p-]a timf-pv, Nß-\m-t»cn F.-F-kv.-F-kv. lnµp timfpv, Fd-Wm-Ipfw alm-cm-pmkv timf-pv, a[pssc Ima-cmPv k Æ-I-em-im-e, ticf k Æ- I-em-ime F n-hn-s-ß-fn hnzym-`ym-kw. "IS-Ω-\n- - -hn-x-bnse _nw_-i-ev]-\'sb ASn-ÿm-\-am- n tum. kn.-sp. tdmbn-bpss ta t\m- -Øn Fw.- -^nepw "sndp- I-Ybpw Xnc- -Ybpw' F hnj-b-sø- p-dn v tum. Ih-Sn-bm cma-n-{µs ta t\m- -Øn ]n-f- v.-un.bpw e`n- p. ti{µ am\-h-hn-`-h-tijn a{ m-e-b-øns s^tem-jn v (1998), ticf tã v Nn {U kv ^nenw s^ãn-h-en ani tumiypsa dn \tc- p Ahm Uv (2009- epw 2010 epw), ani Xnc- -Ym-Ir-Øn-\p 2010 se ^nenw {In nivkv ssen-hn-j Ahm Uv (Nn{Xw H -bvs mcp s] Ip n) F nh t\sn apx 2005 hsc Xncp-h-\- -]pcw cmp-cm-p-h Ω `mjm-]-t-\- ti-{µ-øn A[ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp- p I - \ Kh. timtfpn A[ym-]-I\mbn. Ct mƒ Xncp-h-\- -]pcw bqwn-th-gvkn n timf-pnse ae-bmfhn`m-k-øn Akn- Ã v s{]m^-k. `mcy Xncp-h-\- -]pcw Im a lb sk Udn kviqƒ A[ym-]nI kn\n tpmk^.v a ƒ aoc, a\oj. 1

3 3 tum. suman-\niv sp. Im q Xnc- Y kn\n-a-bpss Zriy-{]-Imcw Un kn _pivkv

4 Malayalam Language Thirakkadha: Cinemayute Drisyaprakaram Study by Dr. Dominic J. Kattoor D C Books/Rights Reserved First edition November 2011 First e-book edition December 2011 Cover Design Anil Kumar Vega Publishers D C Books, Kottayam Kerala State, India website : info@dcbooks.com Although utmost care has been taken in the preparation of this book, neither the publishers nor the editors/compilers can accept any liability for any consequence arising from the information contained therein. The publisher will be grateful for any information, which will assist them in keeping future editions up to date. No part of this publication may be reproduced, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN D C BOOKS - The first Indian Book Publishing House to get ISO Certification

5 IjvS- m-sns \Sp-hnepw a\- -cp-tømss Pohn, Ae- n-enepw B\-µ-ap-s p ]Tn- n-, PohnXw ITn-\m-[zm-\-am-sW v F\n- p-]-tz-in px IpSn-tb I j-i-\m-bn-cp ]nxm-hn-\v... 5

6 a\- n \n pw s]m n-t m-imø ^nenw-xp- p-iƒ 7 Pb-ß-sf mw t{]w\-ko-dn\p Xodp-sIm-SpØ Hcp kn\n-am- m-e-ap- m-bn-cp p Rß-fpsS Xe-ap-d- m v. hs- ]m p kn\n-a-i-fpssbpw IpSpw-_-Nn-{X-ß-fp-sSbpw NmI-c-bm-bn-cp p A v. \ko-dn\p hnp-bw -sim-sp- m FXn tn-cn-bn tpmkv{]-imtim tkmhn-µ Ip- ntbm si.-]n. DΩtdm D m-ipw. \mb-is ]m n\pw {]W-b-Øn\pw klm-bn-bmbn ASq `m-knbpw. Pb-`m-c-Xntbm hnp-b-{iotbm joetbm Bbn-cn pw \mbn-i. Pb-`m-c-Xnsb sim -kw-l-øns Ccpƒap-dn-bnte p tpmkv{]imiv ]nsn- p-sim pt]mip \nanjw apx a\ v DcpIn Hen- m XpS-ßpw. sszhta Pb-`m-c-Xn v H pw kw`-hn- -cp-tx..-. \ko DSs\ sn v Ahsc c n- -tw..-. \So-\-S- mcpw Xnc- - Ym-IrØpw kwhn-[m-b-i\pw-iqsn HØp-I-fn v Ah-km\w \mb-is\ hnp-bn- n- p- -Xm-sW v tn am ]d- p- X-cp-am-bn-cp- p. F\n v hnizmkw hcn-. Fs a\ n Xnc- -Ym-Ir-tØm, kwhn-[m-b-it\m D m-bn-cp- n-. IYbpw IYm-]m-{X-ßfpw am{xw. Ah Xnc-io-e-bn \n pw Fs cm{xn-i-fn-te pw ]I-ep-I-fn-te pw Cd-ßn-h- p. Hmtcm kn\n-a-im-wepw Hmtcm D hwt]mse-bmwp R߃ Ip n- Iƒ BtLm-jn- -Xv. h j-øn \mtem At m {]mhiyw am{xamwp kn\na ImWm `mkyw e`n- pi. _m n \mfp-i-fn-se mw R߃ Rß-fp-tS-Xmb kn\n-a-bpss `mk-ß-fm-ipw. ho n \n pw aq p \mep Intem-ao- AI-se-bp kn\n-am-sim- -I-bn-te p Nm a-g-sbbpw XWp- n-s\bpw Ah-K-Wn p kwl-ambn k ym-th-f-i-fn R߃ \S- p-t]m-ipw. Ipd p Zqcw sn p-tºmƒ Sm o-knse euuvkv]o- dn \n p-b-cp ]m p tiƒ mw. ""BSmw ]msmw Btcm-a t I-h ] w sh nb IY-Iƒ.'' Rß-f-psS Imep-Iƒ p thkw IqSpw. Hm am-ipw. icocw NqSp-]n-Sn- pw. Xma-kn pt]mtbm F p k -S-s -Spw. an - Zn-h-khpw FØp-tºmƒ kn\n-abv p apºp \yqkv do Bcw-`n- ncn- pw. timcn-ø-cn- n- p Ia dn Sm o-kn-\p- n apg-ßp- p- m-hpw. ""B{ m-bnse Hcp {Kmaw...'' ""{][m-\-a-{ n-bpss djy-mk-µ i\w...'' F n-ß-s\. C v, U nwkv ÃpUn-tbm-bn Ia-t - -dmbn \n p-tºmƒ

7 13 Ah-Xm-cnI FgpØv lrz-bw-k-a-amb A\p-`-h-am-Wv. an\p-k-ap IS-em-kn t]\- Øpºv Hgp-In-t m-ip- p. D n \n- p- m-ip hnim-c-߃ hns v A -c-cq-]-øn Poh\w {]m]n- p p; IhnXbmbn, IY-I-fmbn ]cn- W-an- p- p. kmlnxyw hm p-i-fpss Ie-bm-Wv. hm p-iƒ tn v Hcp kuµcy-temiw krjvsn- p-i-bmwv kmln-xy-im-c ; Pohn-Xm-h-ÿ-bpsS BhnjvI-cWw. AXv A]q hx ssih-cn- p- Xv kmln-xy-im-cs {]Xn- `sb B{i-bn- mwv. Abmƒ pw Bkzm-Z-I-\p-an-S-bn as mcp CS-s]-Sen-. t\cn- p hnim-c-kw-{i-a-wtam Bi-b-hn-\n-a-btam kw`-hn- p-ibm-wv. kmln-xy-kr-jvsn-bpss {]my-anie yw ani hmb-\m-\p-`hw kωm- \n- p-i-bm-wv. A -c-ß-fn hns-cp `mh-{]-]- sø Zriy-ß-fm n ]cn-h Øn- n- p-i-bmwv Xnc- -Ym-Ir-Øns e yw. kmln-xy-c-n-\- bn Abmƒ txsp- Xv AXn-\p km y-x-iƒ. IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS am\-kn-i-hym-]m-c-߃ hm p-i-fn ]I Øp-I-bmWv kmln-xy-im-c. F m Xnc- -Ym-IrØv, B am\-kn-im-hÿ cq]-s -Sp-Ønb kml-ncy-߃ At\z-jn- p- p. Fgp-Øn sxfn-bmø hnhn[ Xe-߃ Is - Øp- p. `n -tim-wp-i-fn \n v \nco- n- p- p. ASpØpw AI-se-bpambn Ah-X-cn- n- p- p. \nd- -In-t mss Nn{Xo-I-cn- p- p. kmln-xy-im-c\v Bh-iy-an- mø Ht sd Ah-ew-_-߃ Xnc- -Ym- Ir-Øn\v {]tbm-p-\-s -Sp- p- v. Iyma-d-bpsS IÆp-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv Abmƒ kmln-xy-kr-jvsnsb ]p\ \n Ωn- p- -Xv. hm p-iƒ Zriy-ßfm n am n-sb-gp-xpi F -XmWv Xnc- -Ym-c-N-\-bnse sh p-hn-fn. IYm- ]m-{x-ß-fpss Ne-\w, t\m w, kw`m-jww F n-h-bvs m w hkv{x-[mc-ww, cwk-th-zn-bnse D]-I-c-W-߃, ] m-øew F n-ßs\ \m\m- Xcw D]m-Zm-\-߃ Xnc- -Ym-c-N-\-bn {]Xy- -s -Sp- p. hn`n- -th-zn-i-fn \S- p {Inbmw-isØ ka-\z-bn- n v IYm-X- p-hns\ hni-kn- n-s -Sp- p-i-bmwv Xnc- -Ym-Ir-Øv. Hcp \Zn Hgp-Ipwt]mse \navt\m- X kz`mhw ]pe Øn-s m- mhpw B hnim-kw. HSp-

8 15 D -S w kn m w 1. Zriym-fl-IX Ah-X-c-W-Ønepw Bkzm-Z-\-Ønepw Xnc- Y: ImgvN-bpsS hn\w BJym-\-I-ebpw Xnc- -Ybpw Xnc- -Y-bpsS IYm-Xew Xnc- -Y-bpsS hyh-lm-c-xew 72 {]tbmkw 1. s]m ams: Xnc- -Ym-kw-{Klw s]m ams: BJym\w 129

9 1 19 Zriym-fl-IX Ah-X-c-W-Ønepw Bkzm-Z-\-Ønepw ]Z-ß-fpsS kap-nn-x-amb taf-\-amwp kmln-xy-i-e. {]m]- nim\p`hß-fp-ssbpw hkvxp- -fp-ssbpw LS-\m-fl-I-amb hn\n-tbm-k-øn-eqss hmb-\- m-cpss a\- p-ambn kwhmzw \S-Øp-I-bmWv AXns I Ø-hyw. a\p-jy ]t -{µn-b-ß-fn-eqss-bmwp {]Ir-Xy-\p-`-h-߃ Dƒs m- p- Xv. ÿe-]-c-amb \n nx]cn-[n- p- n hcp- -hsb am{xta Zriy {ihy {LmW kzmz kv] i-ß-fn-eqss A\p-`-hn- p-hm Ign-bq. C{µn-b-ß-fn-eqsS A\p-`-h-߃ kzmb-ø-am-i-w-sa- n AXn-\m-[m-camb Ah-ÿ-I-fp-sStbm hkvxp- -fpsstbm kmao]yw thw-sa- w. aq Øtam Aaq- Øtam Bb hkvxp-hns tbm `mhøns tbm Nn - ß-fmbn h Øn- p hm p-iƒsim v Ah-bpsS kmao-]yhpw AXphgn C{µnb{]Xo-X-amb A\p-`-h-t_m-[hpw D m pibmwp kmlnxyw snøp- -Xv. a\p-jys C{µn-bm-\p-`-h-ß-fn ZriyØn\mWp a p- h-sb- mƒ i n-bpw kq va-x-bpw F Xp kphn-zn-x-am-wv. GsXm- n-s\bpw hy tam Ahy- tam Bb Nn{X-ß-fm- n-bmwp a\p-jy a\- n kq n- p- -Xv. AXp-sIm pxs DNn-X-amb hm p-i-fpss {Ia_- -amb - {]tbm-k-øn-eqss kmln-xy-im-c {ian- p- Xpw hmb- \- m-cpss a\- n Bhn-jvIrXPohn-X-Øns Zriy-hØ P\n- n- p- -Xn-\m-Wv. _nw_-ßfpw {]Xo-I-ßfpw Ae- m-c-ß-fp-sams `mjbpss A km[y-xsb Is Øp -Xn-\p-am-{X-a, hmb-\- m-cn hnj-bsø Zriym-fl-I-ambn Dd- n- p- -Xn\pIqSn-bmWv F p ]d-bmw. h Æ-\w, Nn{Xo-I-c-Ww, Ae- -c-ww XpS-ßnb kw -IƒXs ZriyhXvI-c-W-Øns _lphn[-amb {]tbm-k-co-xn-isfbmwp {]Xn-\n-[m\w snøp -Xv. Hcp kmlnxyirxn-bpss hmb-\m-th-f-bn AXnse Hmtcm hmiyhpw cq]-s -Sp-Øp Zriy-X-e-߃ Hs m- mbn hmb-\- m-cs a\- n CXƒ-hncn-bm XpS-ßp- p. "Jkm- ns CXn-lmk'Ønse chn, Iqa Imhn _ n-d-ßn, AhnsS \n pw Jkm- n-te- p DuSphgnbn-eqsS Npa- p-im-c-t\m-ssm- w k -cn- p- -Xmbn ]d-bp-tºmƒ, H.hn. hnp-b- Ah-Xcn- n- p hmiy-tam-tcm pw ÿe-ime{]xoxn A\p-

10 24 Xnc- Y: kn\n-a-bpss Zriy-{]-Imcw ] m-øew IYm-]m-{X-߃ kµ `w ho -W-tIm coxn kabw thjw {]Xn-I-cWw ]cn-wmaw IS tbip, injy- m spdnt mbn se hgn hy -a tbip, kt -hq-kv, P\- q w Rm (tbm-l- m ), a\p-jy- ]p-{xs\ t mse Hcp-h simsp - m- v, Xnc-am-eI fn s v txmwn De-bp p tbiphns bm{x, P\- q Øns Cc-º BJym-Xm-hv, injy- m, tbip, injy- m BJym-Xm-hv, kt -hq-kv, tbip, kt -hqkv hy -a tbml- m B-Jym\m fliw B-Jym \mfliw kmbm w kqn-\ -bn ]I kqn-\ -bn hy -a `m-hmfliw BJym- Xmhv ImWp hy nbpss thjkq-n\ hy w injy- m-cpss At]-, tbip Ahsc Biz-kn- n- p p tb-ip-hns\ ImWp kt -hq-kns XnSp- w, tbip kt hq-kn-t\msv kwkm-cn - p- p. Abmƒ Cd-ßn -h-cp- p. Im p ian p p, IS im am-ip p, injy- m-cpss B cyw tbip-hns Xocp-am-\w. kt -hq-kns B -cyw. `bw, A]-cn-Nn-XXzw hy -a aq mw JWvUw c mw JWvUw H mw JWvUw