kºq Æ sszh-imkv{x amkni

Transcription

1 am v

2 kw`-h-_-lp-e-amb am tømam \{km- Wn-I-fpsS Ncn-{X-Ønse Hcp aplq Ø-amWv CØ-h-WsØ Ih tãmdn am tømam \{km-wn-i-fnse Hcp hn`m Kw tdmam-k-`-bp-ambn _ -Øn-em-bn-cp- p. kz w k`-bpss kzxzhpw kzmx-{ yhpw ]p\xÿm]n- m-\p Ah-cpsS kl-\-kacw ^ew-nq-snb BZy-ap-lq Ø-am-bn-cp p A mwv Ah mbn c p {]txyi hnim-cn-bm-øp-iƒ ÿm]n-x-am-b-xv. Xriq, tim bw hnim-cn-bm-øp-iƒ ÿm]n- -Xns Ncn-{X-]- m-ø-e-hpw, AXn s k`m-fliam\-ß-fp-amwv {][m\ tej- \-߃. AtXm-sSm w Cu k`m kaq-l-øn s Xe-h-\mb tap B v _nj v I ±n- \mƒ tpm v Be-t cn ]nxm-hp-am-bp A`n-ap-J-hpw. kºq Æ sszh-imkv{x amkni hnemkw: FUn-, ImcpWnI s]cpam\q ]n. H. Fd-Wm-Ipfw t^m : ^mivkv : karunikan@rediffmail.com website:

3 FUnt mdnb ]pkvxiw H ]Xv e w aq v 2012 am v c m[nimcn tum. {^m knkv simsnb s{]mhn jy kp ocnb Fw.kn._n.Fkv. FΩmhqkv {]hniy ]{Xm[n] sp. \mep]dbn kl]{xm[n] Pn. ISq mdbn FIvknIyq ohv FUn hn k v {imºn ]{Xm[n]kanXn t]mƒ txe m v t_m_n tpmkv I nimsv km[p C nbhncm tp _v B \Øv txmakv Iq p- k ptej amt\p txmakv IpgnbSn nd am nwkv amt\p a\ojv Hmew-I-tÆ Nn{XoIcW߃ kxo-jv. si. cq]iev]\ A_vZp s\ n-a- -Øn Ih \nbmkv acn m Hcp FΩmhqkv {]kn oicww Bephm pgbpss AXncpIƒ kotdm ae_m k`bn Ign h jw Hcp Pq_nen \S p Hcp ixm_vzn Pq_nen. tim bw cq]x 1911 ÿm]nxambxns Pq_nenbmbncp p AXv. Iv\m\mb ItØmen m k`bpss C y IØpw ]pdøpap CShIIfpw IpSpw_ßfpw sshznicpw Aevambcpw k\ykvxcpsams B Pp_nenbmtLmjØns `mkambn amdn. Cu h jhpw kotdm ae_m k`-bn Pq_nenIƒ \S p p v. Omμm cq]x 1962 ÿm]nxambxns kph Æ Pq_nen bmwv kotdm ae_m t{]jnxh jambn BtLmjn s Sp Xv. AXns Xncbpw Hmfhpw ]e Xocßfnepw C\nbpw FØm\ncn p txbp q! CXn\nSbn A[nIamcpw Adn-bmsX IS p t]mips mcp Pq_n enbp v. itxmøc cpx Pq_nensb mwv t]cv. AXn w 125 h jambxns Pq_nensb v. ct c p ÿeßfnte CXns\ pdn p Adnhpw BtLmjhpw \S p p q Nß\mt»cn bnepw Xriqcpw. GXv kw`høns itxmøc cpxpq_nenbmwnxv? 1887 sabv 20 mw XobXnbmbncp p kw`hw. setbm ]Xnaq ma\mbncp p A sø am ]m m. tizmzv bmw{]ozw F A kvtxmeni Xncp shgpøneqss At±lw kpdnbm\n m mbn c p hnimcnbmøp Iƒ ÿm]n p tim bøpw Xriqcpw. Bephm pgsb c ns bpw AXncmbpw I n p. AXmbXv Bephm pgbv v hs p kpdnbm\n msc mw C\n apx Xriq hnimcnbmøns Iognepw, ]pgbv p sx p kpdnbm\n msc mw tim bw hnimcnbm Øns Iognepws]Spsa v. Aßs\ Bephm pgsb AXn-cm n (tdmamknwlmk\tømsp _ s p \n p ) kie am v

4 kpdnbm\n m pambn \ Inb hnimcnbmøpifpss Pq_nenbmWv Nß\mt»cnbnepw Xriqcnepw sim mss Sp Xv. AXmbXv, F m kotdm ae_m AwK߃ pw Xpeyambn v AhImis Xpw F m-hcpw Hcpan v BtLmjnt Xpamb Hcp Pq_nen. kie kotdm ae_mdpimscbpw Hcpt]mse _m[nt CØcsamcp Pq_nensb pdn pw AXns ]n n \n p Ncn{X aplq ØsØ pdn pw AXns bpw ]ndinep ]q ΔnIcpsS kl\kacßsf pdn pw B s ms bmwnhnss Adnhp Xv? B s ms bmwv CXn ] p mbncnt Xv? FdWmIpfsØ kpdnbm\n m nxn Hcp ] pant? ]membnse \{kmwn Iƒ v CXn ] nt? Xet»cnbnsebpw am\ hmsnbnsebpw kpdnbm\n m nxn ] nt? _ ØßmSnbnsebpw `{ZmhXnbnsebpw kpdnbm\n m n Xn ] nt? X ebnsebpw cma\my]pcsøbpw kpdnbm\n m Xn ] nt? I ymwntebpw ^cozm_mznsebpw kpdnbm\n m nxn ] nt? F n\v, Nn mtkmbnsebpw Kƒ^nsebpw kpdnbm\n m pw CXn ] nt? Ds v Ncn{Xw Adnbmhp Bcpw kwibteisat\y ]dbpw. F n mwp Cu Ncn{X aqlq ØsØ c p sndp] WßfpsS "C m'h Øns A ]XzØn te v HXp n Npcp p Xn \Ωfn ]ecpw hnpbn p\n p Xv! ]sømºxmw \q m ns Ahkm\ ImeØmWo kw`hw. ]dºn Nm n sa{xm\p ( ) tijw Hcp \q m p Ign mwv am Icnbm n sa{xm\pw (1786) ]mtdam tkmh WtZmdpw ( ) kpdnbm\n k`m t\xm fmip Xv. AXpIgn v Hcp \q m p ]n nsptºmgmwv Nmhd Ipcymt mkv Genbmk kpdnbm\n mcpss hnimcn P\dmfmIp Xpw (1861), sa{xm ÿm\tø v \n t± in s Sp Xpw. kz w sa{xm m pth nbp kpdnbm\n mcpss Xo{hm`n emjøns hf qdp aænemwv tdmt mkv ioivabpw taeqkv ioivabpw hf p IbdnbXv. CØcw k`m{]iv\߃ p imizx ]cnlmcambncp p tdmamknwlmk\hpw At\zjn psim ncp Xv. ]sømºxmw \q m ns Ahkm\ImeØv B Wn A nkm Unbmbncp p C ybnse A kvtxmeni UetK v. ticfw kμ in v kpdnbm\n mcpss {]iv\w ]Tn tijw At±lw tdman\psimspø \n t±i߃ IuXpIIcambn cp p. kztziob kpdnbm\n sa{xm msc Ct mƒ simsp p Xv _p n]cambncn n. AXn\m kpdnbm\n m mbn cq]x simsp mw; ]t sa{xm m hntzinifmbncn Ww. F m H, c v cq]xifmbncn Ww hs v H v; sx v as m v. Fßs\bp v kmbn ns _p n? c v ti{μßfnembn kpdnbm\n mcpss i n hn`pnxam n \n ØpIbmbncp p A nbm UnbpsS \nkqve ysa v Ncn{XImc m hnebncpøp p. e yw AX mbn-cp-s - n t]mepw ^eøn kw`hn Xv F msw Xn\v k`mncn{xw Xs km n. Ip pa yw X a ytømsp ]d p: ""AtΩ F\ns mcm{klw. 4 ImcpWnI am v 2012

5 ISsem p ImWWw''. X a yw ]d p: ""tams\ \o \n p Xpw izkn p Xpw ISenemWv''. ""CXp shdpw D psh at? ISe t m?'' sndp a yøns adp]sn. IS ImWm\p ImgvN-i- n-bmwv th Xv. \msams AIs ncn p H mepw hoiphebpw ImWm\pw AXmWv k Δhpsa v k n m\pw GsXmcp lrkzzrjvsn pw km[n pw. H men\pw hebv pw A p-d-øp IS ImWm \mhp, ISense kiescbpw tkmzccmbn ImWp hnime ho WØnte p hfcm\mwv tbiphns Blzm\w. Ahs sszhcmpy k Øns lrzbw AXmbncp p kzm -X-bpsS sndp-tem-iøn\- p-d-tø v IÆ-b- m-\m-hpi; \nkzm -X-bpsS hnim-e-a-\-t mss ki-e-scbpw tkmz-c-cmbn Icp-Xm-\m-hpI. kzm X Ft mgpw hy n-]-c-am-bn-cn- -W-sa- n-. ]e-t mgpw AXv kaq-l- ]-c-am-imw. Fs kpjhpw Fs kt m-jhpw Fs kºøpw At\z-jn- p- Xv am{x-a kzm -X. Fs IpSpw-_-Øn-s bpw Fs cq]-x-bp-ssbpw Fs k\ym-k-k-aq-l-øn-s bpw \ -bpw kº-øpw- am{xw e yw h p- Xpw kzm X Xs -bm-wv. CXn-t\bpw AXn-ew-Ln- p-i-bmwv {InkvXp injys [ Ωw. kz w cq]xbv pw kz w k\ymkkaqløn\pw D]cnbmbn \mw hensbmcp k`mkaqløns `mkamsw Xncn dnhnte v DWcWw. t]mcm, a p k`mkaqlßfpambn kmtlmzcy_ Øn \ap v ssi tim m km[n- Ww. F n\v? s]mxp kaqløns \ pw hf bv pambn. Aßs\tb tbip kz]v\w I sszhcmpyøns h m fpw ]WnbmfpIfpambn amdm \ap p km[n q H bv pw k`m]cambpw. C{]-Imcw C y-bn-epw ]pdw-tem- IØpw amdp- -nsømwv \mw sszh-cmpyøns ]pfn-am-hmbn Xocp- -Xv. ]{Xm[n] am v

6 D S w 12 sfiyw AIseb I ±n-\mƒ am tpm v Bet cn-bpambn Pn. ISq- m-d-bn \S-Øp A`n-ap-Jw. kmaq-ln-ihpw k`m-]- c-hp-amb B\p-Im-enI {]iv\-ß-tfm-sp {]Xn-I-c-Ww. 15 am tømam \{kmwn k` Ncn{Xaplq Ø߃ am tømam \{kmwnifpss Ncn{XØnse {][m\ aplq Ø߃ GsXm-s -bmwv? H mw \q m- p-ap-xep am tømam \{km-wn-i-fpss Ncn-{X-Øn-te v Hcp FØn-t\m- w. 18 hnimcnbmøpifpss ÿm]\w (1887) Ncn-{X-]- m-øew 1887embn-cp p Xr»q, tim bw hnim-cn-bm-øp-iƒ kpdn-bm-\n- m mbn ÿm]n-x-am-b-xv. Cu hnim-cn-bm- Øp-I-fpsS ÿm]-\-øn-te v \bn Ncn-{X-kw-`-h-ßfn-te v Hct\z-j-Ww. Fgp-Xp- Xv tum. spbnwkv ]penbp-dp-ºn. 23 Nmhdb \pw kzbw `cwm[nimchpw kotdm-a-e-_m k`-bpss Ncn-{X-Ønepw AXv kzbw-`cww t\sp- -Xnepw Nmh-d-b- s bpw kn.-fw.sf k\ym-kkaql-øn-s bpw kw`m-h-\-iƒ F m-bncp p? ^m. txmakv ] πm ens At\z-j-Ww hnim-cn-bm-øp-i-fpw k`m-h-f bpw Xr»q, tim bw hnim-cn-bm-øp-i-fpss ÿm]\w Hcp XpS w am{x-am-bn-cp- p. AXn-s\-Øp-S v kotdm-a-e- _m k` t\snb hf -bn-te v Hct\z-j-Ww. tum. {^m kokv txmwn- md kn.-fw.-sfbpss tej-\w. 6 ImcpWnI am v 2012

7 03 FUn-t m-dn-b 08 {]XnIcW߃ 34 Imt\m-\n- Iu sk 45 tbmk-km-[\ 50 A yhn[n tizmzv bmw{]oszw k`mfliam\hpw k`mz i\hpw tizmzv bmw{]oszw F ss«lni Xncp-shgpØn-eq-sSbmWv ]Xn-aq mw setbm am ]m m kpdn-bm-\n- m mbn c p hnim-cn-bm-øp-iƒ ÿm]n- -Xv. AXns k`m-fli am\-ß-fn-te v Hct\z-j-Ww. Fgp- Xp- Xv tum. B Wn a fn. 38 A\pIcWßfpsS ]cnanxniƒ B[p-\nI Ime-L- -Øn kxy-øn\v kw`-hn- p ]ovm-\p-`-h-øns Nn{Xw hc p Im p hn. Zneo- ]ns "anan{in', kv{xobpss Akz-X-{ Xbv v kv{xo Xs \nan-ø-am-ip- p-sh v Nq n- m- p t{kknbpss "hc-øvt]m v' F o IY-I-fmWv Cu e -Øn ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øp- -Xv 40 AXn-Po-h-\-Øns KmY \nxym- -Im-c-Øn \n p AXn-Po-h-\-Øns t\ m-gvn-iƒ ]I p-x-cp hnp-b-e- van-bpss "Bg-Øn ' (amxr-`q-an- s^{_p-hcn 19 25) F Ihn- X-sbbmWv Cu e -Øn ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øp- -Xv. 42 X Øns ASbmfw {InkvXp-hns\ Np n- n hnhm-zhpw X hpw Db ph-cp-tºmƒ ss{ikvx-hcpw k`bpw Ah-tbmSv {]Xn-Icn-t - Xv Fß-s\-bmWv? IΩyq-WnÃp hnπ-h-im-cn- I-fp-sS-IqsS {InkvXp-Nn{Xw {]Xn-jvTn Xns bpw Xncph-Øm-g-Im q-wn-s bpw ] m-ø-e-øn Hct\z-j- Ww. am v

8 {]XnIcW߃ ImcpWnI\nse hn`hßtfmsv {]XnIcn p h At\IcmWv. {InbmflIamb N bmwv {]XnIcWßfneqsS ]pdøp hcp Xv. hmb\ mcpss GXp {]XnI cwhpw _lpam\]q Δw kzoicn m\pw am\yambn AhXcn n m\pap {]Xn _ X R߃ ho pw G p ]dbp p. Xpd Bib{]IS\ØneqsSbpw {]Xn ] _lpam\tømssbp kwhmzøneqssbpw kaqlønse aqeyt{iwn v {InkvXobambn Znimt_m[w \ Ip {]{Inbbn \mw ] ptncpibmwv. ]{Xm[n] {]IrXnsb kwc n pi ticfw sszhøns kz w \msv F dnb s Sp p. ImcWw Cu \msv {]IrXncaWob amwv. Cu aæv ^e`qbnjvtamwv. F m Irjn pw A\ptbmPyamb aæmwv \ΩptSXv. Bb XpsIm v hyxykvxamb IrjncoXnIƒ \ap p v. [mcmfw \ZnIƒ \ap p v. kkyp p Pme߃s m v kº amwv \ΩpsS \msv. Cu \msns\ kwc n psim v ASpØ Xe apdsb `cta n pibmwv \ΩpsS ZuXyw. Cu ZuXyw hnpbn Wsa n {]IrXnsb \Ωƒ kvt\ln Ww. {]IrXn hn`h߃ h n n m km[n Ww. Irjnÿe߃ Xcn ip`qanbmbn InS msx, Inf v Irjnbnd p hm km[n Ww. AXn\v Kh sa ns bpw a v CXckmaqlykwLS\IfpsSbpw klmb ߃ e`yam Ww. \ΩpsS tdmuns Ccph ihpw XW ac߃ h p]nsn n Ww. ` y hn`h߃ kzbw D mzn n phm km[n Ww. Ft mgpw a p hsc B{ibn msx Pohn Wsa n Irjn \ap v AXy mt] nx amwv. kviqƒ hnzym`ymkøns\m w IrjncoXn Ifpw a pw ]Tn n phm\pw \ap v km[n Ww. Ip nisf sndp w apxte {]IrXn kvt\lnifmbn hf Øns m phcm\p DØchmZnXzw A[ym]I p v. A{]Imcw snøptºmƒ sszhw \ap v \ Inb Cu at\m lcamb \msns\ kwc n p apt dphm \ap v km[n pw. ^m. ^nen v h a w sk v tpmk^v N v {]Xymi \ Ip hm ØIƒ "\ns cmpyw htcwta' F p Znhkhpw ]eh w {]m n p hcmwv \Ωƒ ss{i kvxh. sszhcmpysa m \oxnbpw kam [m\hpw Bflmhn kt mjhpamwt m. kzimcytajebn tpmensnøp \gvkpam ISpØ A\oXnbv p hnt[bcmsw bmym yw C v F mh pw Adnbmw. AhcpsS Zb\ob i_vzw F mhcpw AwKoIcn p XpS ßn F Xp {]Xymi \ Ip hm ØbmWv. {InkvXphns t]cn BXpcmeb߃ \S 8 ImcpWnI am v 2012

9 Øp ss{ikvxh k`mÿm]\ßfnembn cp p \oxn BZyw \S mt nbncp Xv. "Imcp WnI ' t]mep k`m {]kn oicw߃ AhktcmNnXambn {]XnIcn pi Xn henb kt mjw txm p p. e ߃ sim SpØp {]K cmb tumivs amsc kt mjn n p Bip]{Xn A[nIrX C\n ]mhs \gvkpamcpss ASnÿm\mhiy߃ IqSn ]cnk Wn v Cu tajebn \oxn ]pe Øm Xøm dmipsa v {]Xo n p p. \ΩpsS hnzym`ymk ÿm]\ßfn \n pw C\n A\oXn XpS p amt nbncn p p. t]mãv {KmtUz v _ncpz߃ t\snb A ym] I pw Znhk qen m p iºfwt]mepw \ ImXncn pi, Ah[n meøv bmsxmcp thx\hpw \ ImXncn pi, henb XpIbv v ckoxv H n phmßnbn p Xp amb XpI am{xw \ IpI XpSßn ss{ikvxthmnnxa mø \nch[n A\ymb߃ k`ma fmb A ym] ItcmSv Im phm amt\pvsa n\p asnbn. F{X bpw thkw Cu tajebnse A\oXnbpw XpS p am s SWw. "ImcpWnI ' CXpw {i n p at m. sszhw BZnamXm]nXm ƒ p P w \ In Ah p hkn phm at\mlcamb DZym\w \n Ωn p simspøp. Cu DZym\Øn {]IrXn bpss F m \ Ifpw A\p`hn p Pohn a\p jya tfmsp IqSn sszhw hkn p. F m ]dp Zokmbv p ]pdøm s a\pjy Gsd kº cmbt mƒ {]ikvxn pth n am\w ap p _mt_ tkm]pc߃ \n Ωn m Hcpsº p. Cu Al mcw sszhw CjvSs n. Ah NnX dn s p. ticfønse ItØmen m tzhmeb߃ Cu ]cnÿnxnsb AhKWn pibmwv. ioxf Omb \ Ip hr exmzniƒ C p \ΩpsS tzhmeb ]cnkcßfn ImWp n. FhnsS bpw Ipsd hnirxcq]߃. amxmhns\bpw am ]m sbbpw txmam«olmsbbpw Hs bmwv Nn{XoIcn p sx nepw Chsbms `oic cq] ßfmbn mwv ImWp Xv. tzhmeb߃ Xs _mt_ tkm]pcßsf A\pkvacn n p p. \ΩpsS tzhmeb߃ p {KmaoW ] møe tam emfnxytam C mxmbncn p p. tim bøpw Xncph\ ]pcøpw ]gb s{]m à v anj\dnam \n Ωn tzhmebßfpw Ahbv p Np pap at\mlcamb hr kap bßfpw ItØmen cmb \Ωƒ H p t\cn p I m sim mw. ]cnÿnxn kwc WsØ Ipdn p \Ωƒ Kuchambn Nn n Ww. ImcWw sszhw CjvSs Sp Xp {]IrXnbpsS at\mlm cnxbmwv; _mt_ tkm]pcßf. Pbnwkv sfkiv IpSamfq \ΩpsS tzhmeb߃ p {KmaoW ] møetam emfnxytam C mxmbncn p p {]IrXnsb Adn v Pohn pi krjvsnbpss G hpw aipsambn a\pjys\ sszhwkrjvsn sx v ss nƒ hy am p p. "a\pjys \m\mhn[ Db bv mbn, \ bv mbn I Ømhmb sszhw {]IrXnsb, ]cn ÿnxnsb cq]i ]\ snbvxncn p p. F m a\pjy Xs kzm taml߃ hgn ]cnÿn Xnsb, {]IrXn hn`hßsf NqjW hnt[bam nbxn AXv a\pjypohnxøns F mxpd Itfbpw {]XnIqeambn _m[n ncn p psh v B[p\nI temiw Xs km nbmwv. Imem hÿm hyxnbm\߃, A\pZn\w h n phcp ]pxnb tcmk߃, P\km{μX Ipdhv F n h C ns temiøns sxfnhmwv. Cu Ak penxmhÿbv v am w kw`hn Wsa n {kjvsmhmb sszhw {]IrXn hn`hßsf, ]cn am v

10 ÿnxnsb ImØp]cn]men p Xpt]mse krjvsnbmb a\pjy {kjvsmhmb sszhøns at\m`mhtømspiqss X\n v \ bv mbn \ Inbncn p {]IrXn hn`hßsf \oxn]q Δ hpw [m ΩnI]chpambn hn\ntbmkn ptºmgm Wv sszhtømsp IqsS ]dpzokmbn hkn p A\p`hw krjvsnbmb a\pjy\v D m Ip Xv F Dƒ mgvnbmwv Cu ]w nbn eqss DfhmIp Xv. CØcw Hcp hnjbw Imcp WnI\neqsS AhXcn n Xn\v \μn. C\nbpw IqSpX kmaqly{]k amb hnjbßfpw Bflobhnjbßfpw ImcpWnI\neqsS N snøs Ss F v Biwkn p p. ^m. kt mjv hneyw IÆq tlmfn-ãniv hnj ""Hcp ssx \Sp-tºmƒ Hcp XW \Sp p \Sp \nh m-s\mcp Ipfn \ng \Sp p'' (H.F.-hn. Ipdp v Hcp ssx \Sp-tºmƒ) ]cnÿnxnsb IqSp-X Kuc-h-tØmsS kao-]n- m t{]cn- n- p hn[-øn-emwv Ign e w Imcp-Wn-I AWn-bn-s m-cp- nb-xv. A`n-\-μ-\-߃! hmb\ msc Nn n- n- p-hm-\pw, {]hr-øn-bn-te v B\-bn- m\pw DX- Ip- -h-bm-bn-cp p B tej-\-߃. ac-ß-sfbpw, ]pgi-sfbpw, ]p Ø-In-Sn-Isfbpw kvt\ln- m-\pw, ]cn-]m-en- m-\pw, DØc-hm-Zn-Xz-tØmsS Cu {]Ir-Xn-tbmSv {]Xn-I-cn- m\pw \ap v km[n- -Ww. aæn-t\mspw sh -tøm-spw, `mhn-x-e-ap-d-tbmspw \oxn Imt - Xv Ime-L- -Øns A\n-hm-cy-X-bm-Wv. ^m. kt mjv Itcm- p-sh-tº-\n- eq ±v s^mtdm\] n, tim bw ]cnÿnxn kwc Whpw Pekwc Whpw ]cnÿnxn kwc WØn Hmtcm ss{i kvxh\pw ] p tncww. AXn\mbn Fs mw snøm Ignbpsa v CShImSnÿm\Øn Nn n pibpw {]h Øn pibpw thww. `qan bn \ap v AhImiap Xpt]mse Xs Nne ISaIfpw DØchmZnXzßfpap v. AXn s\ pdn v \Ωƒ Xo bmbpw t_m[hm amcm bncn Ww. ]mcnÿnxni Imcyßfn ss{ikvxh DW p {]h Øn Ww. ] n v Np pap hnkvxrxamb hfsc henb Afhv ÿe߃ ] nap am nam n tim {Io v snøp Ah ÿbp v. AXv \n Øem Ww. ImcWw AhnsS sh w Xmgm\p Ahkcw C. hf tctbsd ÿew Cßs\ sh w aænendßm km[n msx tim {Io v snømdp v. am{xa `qanbn sh w Xmgm IqSpX Ahkcw D m nsimsp pibpw thww. ag pgnifpw sndnb Ipfßfpsams CXn\v klmbn p hbmwv. Ncn `qant]mepw X px mbn Xncn v AXn AhnShnsS ag pgnifpw D m n bm henb Afhv Pew aænendßm CS bmipw. hcpw Xeapdsb ImØncn p `oicm 10 ImcpWnI am v 2012

11 hÿbmb PeZu e`yøn\v BizmkIc amhpw CØcw {]h Ø\߃. ImcpWnI\v A`n\μ\߃ ^m. tpm Ihen m v sk v tpmk^v N v, ]mgq c `mhnxeapdbv v th n "]cnÿnxn' F hnjbsø Bkv]Z am n ImcpWnI\nse tej\߃ at\mlcam bncn p p. ]cnÿnxnsb pdn v Hcp Aht_m[hpw AXnep ss{ikvxh [ ΩsØ pdn p t_m[yhpw D m m tej\øn\v Ign n p v. C sø kmlncyw XpS pt]mbm 2060 BIptºmtg pw Cu `qanbpss Ahÿ F mipsa v Bi s ts nbncn p p. sh w In m\n mø Ahÿ D mipsa v ]T\߃ kqnn n p p. Ct mƒ apx t C mcyøn Hcp IcpXtemSpw [mcwtbmspw IqSn {]h Ønt nbncn p p. Hmtcmcp Øcpw F{X Afhv Pew D]tbmKn Ww F v Ct mtg Xocpam\nt nbncn p p. am{xa ]cnÿnxn kwc Wm{]h Ø\ßfn Hmtcm ss{ikvxh\pw ] mfnbmtb Xocq. CShImwK ßfnse t_m[h cwhpw ]cnÿnxn kwc W {]h Ø\ßfpw CShI ASnÿm\ Øn efnxambn snømhp txbp q. bph P\kwLS\Iƒhgn CXv km[yam m\mhpw. Rm apºv hnimcnbmbncp ]mamwtimsv CShIbn ] ntas ]Wn pth n Ipd p ac߃ apdn pamt n h p. F m ]n osv ]Øp ac߃ p ]Icw 1000 ac߃ CSh ImwK߃ hgnbmbn AhchcpsS sxmsnifn h p]nsn n pibp mbn. Ct mƒ Fw.kn. ssh.fw hgn Hmtcm IpSpw_Ønepw Ip ncn w \ p]nsn n m Xocpam\n n p v. ae c k Δokv skmssk nbpss B`napJyØn hr ssxifpw hnxcww \SØnbn p v. CXpt]mse bp {]h Ø\ßfnse mw Hmtcm ss{ikvx h\pw ] mfnbmhmw. Aßs\ \ap v hcpw Xe apdbv v ip`icamb PohnXw ssiamdmw. Imcp WnIs kmaqly{]xn_ Xbp {]h Ø\ ߃ v BiwkIƒ A n p p. ^m. tpm k sim pxp nbn tk{i v lm v N v, XΩ\w ImtW Nne ]cn-ÿnxn ImgvN-Iƒ Ign e w Imcp-Wn-I {]kn- o-i-cn "]cn-ÿnxn' F hnjbw hfsc Ah-k-tcm-Nn- Xamb H mbn-cp- p. ]cn-ÿn-xn-tbmsv Kuc-htØmsS CS-s]-Sm-\pw, ]cn-ÿnxn {]iv\-߃ \ΩpsS Xs {]iv\-ß-fmbn IW- m- m\pw ] n v Np pap hnkvxrxamb ÿe߃ ] nap am nam n tim {Io v snøp Ahÿ \n Øem Ww. CXv t{]cn- n pw. \ΩpsS IÆp-Iƒ Xpd v \Ωƒ ImtW Nne "]cn-ÿnxn ImgvN-Iƒ' D v F kxysø Ign e w Imcp-Wn- I \ mbn Ah-X-cn- n- p. ss{ikvx-h-cmb \mw IqSp-X [m ΩnI DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-tØmsS Cu `qansb kao-]n- -Ww. ImSn-s\bpw tasn-t\bpw kvt\ln- m IqSp-X ]Tn- -Ww. bmsxmcp hnth-n-\-hpw, Zo L-ho- - W-hp-an- msx B[p-\nI a\p-jy {]Ir-Xn-tbmSp Im p AXn-{I-a-߃ I n-s p \Sn- -cp-xv. DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-Øns A n \ΩpsS D n Fcn p XpS-ß-Ww. ""ImSv t]mbm \msp t]mipw \msp-t]m-bm \m mcpw t]mipw'' CXp hmkvx-hat?.. ^m. jnt\mpv πm p-gn-bn au v Im Ω N v, Xncp- q am v

12 A`napJw sfiyw AIseb I ±n-\mƒ tpm v Be-t cn / Pn. ISq- m-d-bn anem-\n \n v tdman-te-bv p aq p awn- qdp \o Hcp s{sbn bm{xbn I ±n-\mƒ am tpm v Bet cn-s m- w, Imcp-Wn-I\pth n Pn. ISq- m-d-bn tncp- p. hy n-]-chpw k`m-kw-_- -hp-amb Nne tnmzy-߃. hy -Xbpw \n v]- -Xbpw H n p DØ-c-߃. I ±n-\mƒ, Imcp-Wn-It\mSv Imcy-߃ Icp-X-temsS ] p-h-bv p- p. 1887, sabv 20\v \S tim bw Xr»q F o c v hnimcnbmøpifpss ÿm]\w, am tømam {InkvXym\nIfpsS kzbw `cw Øn\pth nbp \nc c ]cn{iaøn\p AwKoImcambncp p. B \nebv v, Cu c v hnimcnbmøpiƒ ta d t]cnep c v cq]xiƒ v e`n AwKoImca. adn v am tømωm {InkvXym\nIƒ v samøambn In nbxmwv F pthww a\ nem m. AXn\m, hnimcnbmøpi fpss ÿm]\tøms\p_ n p 125 h jsø Pq_nenbmtLmjw, kotdmae_m k` BIam\w \StØ H t? hnimcnbmøpifpss cq]hxv cww Xo bmbn pw am tømam {InkvXym\nIfpsS kzbw `cwm[nimcøn\pth nbp ]cn{iaøns BZysØ AwKoImcamsW v ]dbm Ignbpw. AXn\v aptº Xs, Nmhd Ipcymt mkv Genbmkv A s\, kotdmae_m k`mhnizm knifpss hnimcn P\dmfmbn \nban psim v am tømam kpdnbm\n k`ma- sf ]cnip knw lmk\w AwKoIcn ncp p. hnimcnbmøpifpss ÿm]\w k`sbm msi BtLmjn p Xv \ mbncn psa mwv k`bnse ]nxm mcpss F mhcpssbpw A`n{]mbw. C\nbp Imew C{]Imcw hnimcnbmøpifpss ÿm]\sø BtLmjn msa Nn kzmkxm lamwv. kotdm ae_m k`bn, kotdm ae _m k`bpss sfiyw, AXnse Hmtcm cq]xbpss kzbw`cwmhimiw F o c v hyxykvx Imcyßfp v. Ct mgsø coxnbn Hmtcm cq]xbpw AXns kzbw `cwmhimiøn\v IqSpX {]m[m\yw simsp p Xmbn txm p p. kotdmae _m k`bpss sfiyøn\v IqSpX Du \ Im F psnøm ] pw? 12 ImcpWnI am v 2012

13 hy nk`bpss sfiyhpw, AXnse cq]x IfpsS autonomy bpw ]ckv]c _ nxamb bmym yamwv. Hmtcm cq]xbpw hy nk`bpss sfiysø ap n I psim v thww AXns kzx{ amb {]h Ø\߃ \n Δln m. AXpt]mse Xs, hy nk` kn\u kwhn [m\øneqss {]h Øn ptºmƒ Hmtcm cq] XbptSbpw kzx{ amb hf bv pw ]ptcmk Xn pw th {X kmlncy߃ krjvsnt XmWv. t]m pkokpimcpss hchn\v tijw eøo k`bpss `cwøn Iogn, am tømam {InkvXym\nIfpsS k`, c v hnimcnbmøpiƒ Bcw`n v, 20Hmfw cq]xiƒ BbXn\ptijamWv, Hcp hy nk`bmb kotdmae_m k`bmbn AwKoIcn s Xv. sshhn yøn \n mwv Cu k` sfiyønte v h ncn p Xv. AXp sim mwv, sshhn yam Nn IfptSbpw {]h Ø\ ssienifptsbpw kzm[o\w Cu k` bn Ct mgp Xv. sfiyøn \n v sshhn y Ønte v hf ncp psh n sshhn yønepw sfiyw \ne\n Øs Sm Ffp ambncp p. C\n apx Atßm v k`bpss sfiysø ap \n Øn, k`ma fpw, sa{xm mcpw \nc cambn {]h Øn m ]cn{ian m Ime{IaØn ]q Æ ambn sfiyøn FØnt cm km[n pw F Xn\v kwiban. sshzni v aqt m At m h j߃ IqSptºmƒ ÿewam w D v. \ΩpsS kaq lßfn AXv ^e{]zamwv Xm\pw. F p sim v \ap v At m ]tøm h j ߃IqSptºmƒ _nj pam pw ÿew am w \ In qsm? kotdm ae_m k`bpss sfiyøn\v AXv Hcp apx q mhnt? sshzn-i-cp-tsxpt]mep sa{xm mcpss ÿew am w F Bibw ItØmen m k`bn F p am{xa, Hm ØtUmIvkv k`bn t mepw \S nen mø Hcp hkvxpxbmwv. sshzni Hmtcm CShIbnepw {]h Øn p Xv, sa{xm mcpss t\xrxzøn cq]x aptºm v hbv p AP ]me\ ] XnIfpsS ASnÿm\ØnemWv. Cu AP]me\ ] XnIƒ v Hcp ss\c cyw D mbn cnt XmhiyamWv. sa{xm mcpss Zo LIme ip{iqjbmwv AXv Dd phcpøp Xv. AXn\m sshznicpssbpw sa{xm mcptsbpw ip{iqjisf XmcXays SpØp Xv icnb. sa{xm msc CSbv nss ÿewam nbm cq]xbn sfiyøn\p ]Icw inynexbmwv D mhpi. kotdm ae_m k`bpss kpkaamb {]h Ø\Øn\v høn m IqcnbbpsS amxribn sk vtxmakv au n Xma kn v Imcy߃ \n Δln p sa{xm m cpss t\xrxzønep hnhn[ Un m p-sa p-iƒ Bcw`nt Xt? høn m IqcnbbpsS AtX amxribnes nepw sshhn yam ip{iqjm kwhn[m\w sk v txmakv au n D miwsa A`n{]mbw AwKoIcn Ø XmWv. CXn\Iw, k`bpss Iqcn bmbpss {]h Ø\߃ Ipsdtbsd hf n p v. am v

14 C\nbpw hfcpsa v {]Xo n mw. am. Icnbm n, am. ]mtdam F o Imew snbvx [oc k`m]nxm mcpss _lpam\m w \aps psnøm\mhpw? Imew snbvx k`m]nxm mscbpw t\xm mscbpw {]txyi Imek nifn A\pkva cn v, Ah snbvx tkh\ßsf k`ma fpss ]cnnn \Øn\pw ]T\Øn\pw PohnX \hoi cwøn\pw hnjbamt XmWv. Imew snbvxh v acwm\ c _lpaxn \ Ip coxn k`bv n. F m AhcpsS t]cn kvamciineitfm, hnzym`ymk- kmwkv mcni {]h Ø\ßtfm XpSßp Xv \ mbncn pw. hnimcnbmøpifpss ÿm]\w k`sbm msi BtLmjn p Xv \ mbncn psa mwv k`bnse ]nxm mcpss F mhcpssbpw A`n{]mbw. Cu h jw "anj Cb ' BWv. anj {]tzißsfbpw cq]xitfbpw amxrk` th hn[øn klmbn p n F ]cmxnsb pdn v? ]cºcmkx cq]xifnte p sszhhnfn t]mse Xs anj cq]xifnte p sszh hnfnifpw t{]m mln n s ts XmWv. F m sszhhnfn a\pjy krjvsn p X, sszhw \ Ip Zm\amWv. Hmtcm hnfnbptsbpw kz`mhw A\pkcn p XymKw Gs Sp m\p {]txyi hcw bpha\ piƒ v simsp p Xv sszhw Xs bmwv. bym anj sszhhnfnbp h, anj cq]xifn sn vtncpw F v sszh]cn ]me\bpss ASnÿm\Øn \ap v hnizkn mw. AXn\pth n {]m n pibpw tbmpn kmlncy߃ krjvsn pibpw snømw. AXp t]mse, anjs\ kmºøniambn klmbn m {]txyi ISabp v F Xv kwibmxoxamwv. AXn\pth n anj ^ v cq]oicn m k` Bcw`n n p v. ImcpWnI hmb\ mcpw DZmc ambn klmbn psa v {]Xo n p p. Aßv Ct mƒ I ±n\mƒ Bbn Xnc s Sp s ncn p p. ]t I ±n\mƒ ]Zhn, eøo k`bnse Hcp ÿm\amwv. Hcp ]uckvxyk`bpss tap B v _nj v F \nebn Aßv I ±n\mƒ ]Zhn \ncknt Xmbncp p, Fs mcp A`n {]mbw NnteSßfn \n v Db ncp p. F psim mwv Aßv I ±n\mƒ ]Zhn kzoicn Xv? I ±n\mƒ ]Zhn, Ncn{XØn eøo k` bpss Hcp hyhÿnxnbmbn hf p h XmWv. {ItaW ItØmen m k`bpss Iq mbvabnep ]uckvxyk`iƒ pw I ±n\mƒÿm\w \ Ins m v, B k`ifnse sa{xm m pw km Δ{XnI k`bpss AP]me\Øn {]mxn \n[yhpw `mk`mknxzhpw \ Ip ]Xnhv \ne hn h n p v. AXn\m ]uckvxy k`ifnse tae y mcpw Cu ÿm\w kzoicn p Xpw, am ]m bpss Xncs Sp n ]s Sp p Xpw DNnXamWv. ""ImcpWnI '' {]kn oicwøns ]Ømw h jønte v IS pibmwv. F v D]tZiamWv Atßbv v \ Im\p Xv. sshzni pw, k`m-ip-{iq-j-i pw sszh imkv{x]chpw AP]me\ ]chpamb klmbhpw hgn-im- -ep-amwv ImcpWnI \n Δln p Xv. Nnet mƒ Nne hnjb߃ N snøptºmƒ hmb\ mcn \n v A`n{]mb hyxymk߃ {i n n p v. A`n{]mb hyxymk߃ N bn kzm`mhniamwv. k`mh-f bv v tbmpn p hn[øn N Isf Xncn p hnsm\pw {Inbmfl Iambn {]h Øn m\pw km[n- s F v Biwkn- p- p. 14 ImcpWnI am v 2012

15 am tømam \{kmwn k` Ncn{Xaplq Ø߃ k`m-n-cn{xw am tømam \{kmwnifpss Ncn{X aplq Øßsf kotdm ae_m k`bpss `mkøp\n v ImWm\p {iaamwnxv. CXn h n- p sx p-ifpw t]mcmbva-ifpw Nq n mwn m XncpØp Xmbncn pw. ]{Xm[n] ]pcmx\imew 52 txmam«olmbpss BKa\w simspß q 72 txmam«olmbpss c km nxzw Nn ae AeIvkm{ nbbn \n p ]t \q kns BKa\w Fhptk_nbqkns bpw Ptdmans bpw tcjiƒ am ZmhoZv am tbml m (Metropolition of Inda) 325 \njym kq\ltzmkn am tbml m t] jymbpssbpw C ybpssbpw sa{xms\ \nebn 345 Iv\m\mbn sxmωs IpSntb w 354 {Ko p Ncn{XImc ^ntemkvt{xmpnbkv tcjs SpØp X\pkcn v sxtbm^ne sk Bcy anj\dn ae_m XocØv {InkvXym\nIsf I pap n. 363 hn. Ft{^w FgpXp X\pkcn v, am tøm am C ybpss A kvtxme 380 hn.{knkdn \ nb sk am tømam C y bpss A kvtxme 390 hn. Awt{_mkv am tømam C ybpss A kvtxme 400 hn. Ptdmw am tømam C ybpss A kvtxme 522 timkvakv C UntImtπkv sxkv F ss_k bn k\ymknbpss {InkvXy tsmt m{km^nsb {KŸw ae_m Xoc Øv kpdnbm\n {InkvXy kaqlsø I pap nb hnhcw 829 ]m{xnbm nkv XntamtXbqkv I ma am kt m (sim w) am t{]møv (simspß q ) F o c p sa{xm msc ticføn te v Ab p p. 849 thwmsv cmpmhv Aø\SnIƒ XncphSnIƒ sim sø \{kmwniƒ v Xncp]SnIƒ {]txyi B\pIqey߃ \ Ip p. 892 Xcn- m- nimk\w sat tim hnt\mbnse tpm sim Øv 1292 am t m t]mtfm C ybnseøp p; {Inkv Xym\nIsf pdn v km ys SpØp p {^ p tuman\n k\ymknbmb tbm Zm\qkv IØem\n sim Øv At±lw Mirabilia Descripta F {KŸw cnn p p tbml m 22 ma ]m sim w cq]x ÿm]n p p; tbm ±m\qkv IØem\nsb sim sø sa{xm\mbn \nban p p tpm sz adnt mfnsb UetK v sim Øv FØp p. t]m pkokv ImeL w 1498 (sabv 20) hmkvtim Un KmabpsS BKa\w 1504 am bmt m_v simspß q sa{xm 1542 {^m kokv tkhydns kphntij{]n cww am tpmk^v sa{xm t]mƒ \mema ]m m sim n cq]x ÿm ]n p p am A{_mlw A amen sa{xm\mbn \nb an s Sp p 1567 A amen AXncq]X 1597 am A{_mlØns (Ahkm\sØ kpdn am v

16 bm\n sa{xms ) \ncymww. kwkv mcw A amenbnse tlm aokv ] nbn 1599 (Pq 20 26) DZbw t]cq kq\ltzmkv 1597 (\hw_ 5) {^m kokv tdmkv Fkv. sp kpdnbm\n mcpss BZysØ eøo sa{xm\mbn \nbanx\mip p 1600 ]{ZphmtZm `cww kpdnbm\n mcpssta 1603 A amen kq\ltzmkv 1609 A amen AXncq]XbpsS Bÿm\w simspß qtc v hn`p\øns Imew 1610 (Unkw_ 22) tkmhmbnse sat\knkv sa{xmt meoøm am tømam {InkvXym\nI fpss sa{xmt meoømbpss A[nImc ]cn [n ae_mdn\p sxt m m n Npcp- p p Km knbm sa{xmt meoøm, B puo s ÿm\øv ^m. Ptdmw ^p ØmtZmsb hnimcn P\dmfmbn \nban p p 1652 am AlØ ssaem qcn h v c v Uo msc ImWpIbpw B puo \v ktμiw simspøb pibpw snøp p 1653 B puo \pw Iq cpw am AlØfsb kzoicn m sim nbnte v t]mip p t]m pkokpim AlØfsb sim s SpØnbXmbn A`ylw 1653 (P\phcn 3) Iq\ Ipcnip kxyw 1653 (sabv 22) B puo txmakns\ Be ßm ph v sa{xm\mbn A`ntjIw snøp p 1654 Km knbm sa{xmt meoømbpss acww 1659 (Unkw. 3) hcm pg hnimcnbmøns ÿm ]\w 1659 (Unkw. 15) sk_ãym\n OCD sb sa{xm\m bn A`ntjIw snøp p 1659 (Unkw. 17) sk_ãym\n sa{xm ae_m dns AUvan\nt{kj 1662 U pim sim n IogS p p; am sk_ kvxym\n ]pdøm s Sp p 1663 ]dºn Nm n ae_mdns BZysØ kpdnbm\n hnimcn A kvtxmen m PdpkteØp\n p am {KntKmdn tbmkv bmt m_mb hnizmk{]ncww 1687 am ]dºn Nm n sa{xms \ncymww 1704 tpm dnt_tdm S.J simspß q (]mt{zm hmtzm) sa{xmt meoøbmbn \nba\w 1709 hcm pg hnimcnbøpw, ae_m hnimcn bmøpw \n Øem p p 1782 am tpmk^v Icnbm nsb simspß q sa{xmt meoøbmbn ]m{zphmtzm \nban p p am Icnbm nbpss sa{xm`ntjiw t]m pk ense enkv_wn 1786 am Icnbm n tkmhmbn h v acn p p. ]mtdωm txmam IØ\m simsp ß q AXncq]XbpsS tkmh WtZmdmbn (AUvan\nkvt{S ) \nbanx\mip p 1787 A amen ]Snbmte 1799 ]mtdωm txmam IØ\m acn p p 1805 Nmhd Ipcymt mkv Genbmkns P\\w t{]m à pimcpss hchv 1818 CMS anj\dnamcpss BKa\w 1831 CMI k\ymk kaqløns ÿm]\w 1833 am m\øv skan\mcn 1838 simspß q, sim n cq]xiƒ \n Øem p p. AhbpsS {]tzi߃ hcm pg cq]xtbmsv tn p p 1861 tdmt mkv ioiva. Nmhd Ipcymt mkv Genbmk s\ kpdnbm\n mcpss hnimcn P\dmfmbn \nban p p 1866 CMC k\ymkn\n kaqløns ÿm]\w 1866 ]pø ] n skan\mcn ÿm]\w 1866 awke pg (skan\mcn p ) ÿew hmßp p 1871 Nmhd Ipcymt mkv Genbmk s \ncymww 1874 am taeqkv ticfønseøp p 1874 (HIvtSm_ ) am taeqkns\ tdmw k`m {`jvs\m p p 1876 kn. adnbw t{xkvxymbpss P\\w 1876 am tømam k`bpss XpS w Xncph 1877 (HIvtSm_ 12) a sken\qkv OCD bpss sa{xm`ntjiw 1877 (\hw 15) am sken\qkv sa{xm\v kpdnbm \n mcpss ta A[nImcw 1886 sim n cq]x ]pkxÿm]n p p; C y bn eøo lbcm nbpss ÿm]\w hcm pgsb AXncq]Xbm n Db Øp p kzbw`cwøns Imew 1887 (sabv 20) kpdnbm\n m v c v hnimcnbm ØpIƒ Xr»qcpw, tim bhpw; Nmƒkv eho pw, AtUmƒ^v sauvent m pw sa{xm m 16 ImcpWnI am v 2012

17 1888 (Unkw. 14) mck`bpss XpS w 1890 tim bw hnimcnbmøns Bÿm\w Nß\mt»cnbnte v am p p 1891 txh ]dºn Ip s P\\w 1892 hnknt j k\ymkn\n kaqløns XpS w 1896 FdWmIpfw hnimcnbmøns ÿm]\w, Xr»qcpw Nß\mticnbpw ]p\ {IaoIcn p p 1908 Bcm[\m k\ymkn\n (SABS) kaql Øns XpS w 1911 (P\p. 11) XncplrZb k\ymkn\n kaql Øns XpS w 1911 (BK. 29) tim bw hnimcnbmøns ÿm]\w Iv\m\mb kaqløn\v 1914 tlmfn ^manen k\ymkn\n kaqløns XpS w 1921 Oblater of Sacred Heart k\ymk kaqløn s Bcw`w 1923 kotdm ae_m lbcm n ÿm]\w; Fd WmIpfw AXncq]X 1926 kn. adnbw t{xkymbpss acww 1927 Sisters of the Destitute (SD)k\ymkn\n kaql Øns XpS w 1928 Sisters of St. Joseph s Congragation XpS w 1931 CST k\ymk kaqløns XpS w 1932 awke pg skan\mcn ÿm]\w 1933 MCBS k\ymk kaqløns XpS w 1944 Congregation of Sisters of Charity bpss XpS w 1944 MSJ k\ymkn\n kaqløns XpS w 1948 CSN k\ymkn\n kaqløns XpS w 1948 Sisters of St. Martha k\ymkkaqløns XpS w 1949 Assisi Sisters of Mary Immaculate s XpS w 1950 ]mem cq]x 1952 Fhpt{XkymΩbpsS acww 1953 Im Un\ Xn dmmns kμ i\w 1953 Xet»cn cq]x 1956 Nß\mt»cn AXncq]XbmIp p 1957 [ Ωmcmw timtfpns ÿm]\w 1958 ^m. πmknuv s]msn md tdmanse ae_m timtfpns sdivsdmip p 1961 Samaritan Sisters s XpS w 1962 Omμm cq]x (almcmjv{s) 1962 hshmxq skan\mcnbpss ÿm]\w 1968 Malabar Missionary Boothers s XpS w 1968 MST XpS w 1968 kmk, kxv\, Dss cq]xiƒ 1969 DST XpS w 1972 _npvt\m, PKZ ]q cq]xiƒ 1973 am\ hmsn cq]x 1974 ]me- msv cq]x 1977 cmpvt m v cq]x, Im nc n cq]x 1977 SKD k\ymkn\n kaqløns XpS w 1978 Ccn me ps cq]x 1978 {]hmkn kotdm ae_mdpimcpss A kv txmeniv hnkn dmbn am B Wn ]Snbd sb tpm t]mƒ 1 ma ]m \nban p p 1984 tkmcjv]q cq]x 1985 πmknu s acww 1986 tpm t]mƒ c ma ]m mbpss kμ i \w Nmhdb \pw, A t^m kmωbpw hmgvøs h 1986 Xmact»cn, I ym cq]xiƒ 1989 Sisters of St. Thomas kaqløns XpS w tap B n F nkvtim k` 1992 FdWmIpfw A amen tap B n F n kvtim cq]x 1993 B Wn ]Snbd BZytaP B p_nj v am A{_mlw Im pa\ s]m n^n UetK v. BZy kn\uv 1995 Xr»q, Xet»cn AXncq]XIfmIp p 1996 am B Wn ]Snbd ÿm\samgnbp p. am h n hnxbøn A kvtxmeniv AUvan\nkvt{S 1996 X e cq]x 1998 tap B p_nj ns Bÿm\w Im \m v 1999 _ ØßmSn, AZnem_mZv cq]xiƒ 2000 adnbw t{xkym hmgvøs hƒ 2001 Nn mtkm cq]x 2002 CSp n cq]x 2005 tim bw AXncq]XbmIp p 2006 txh ]dºn Ip, Fhyp-{]m-kymΩ hmgvø-s - -h 2007 `{ZmhXn cq]x 2008 A t^m kmω hnip bmip p 2010 amfiym, cma\my]pcw cq]xiƒ 2011 (G{]n 1) am h n ]nxm-hns \ncymww 2011 (sabv 24 ) am tpm Pv Bet cn aq m asø tap B p_nj v 2012 am tpm Pv Bet cn I ±n\mƒ ]Zhn bnte v am v

18 k`m-n-cn{xw hnimcnbmøpifpss ÿm]\w (1887) Ncn-{X-]- m-øew tum. spbnwkv ]pen-bp-dp-ºn t{]m^-k, k`m-n-cn{xw, hs-hm-xq skan-\mcn 1887embn-cp p Xr»q, tim bw hnim-cn-bm-øp-iƒ kpdn-bm-\n- m mbn ÿm]n-x-am-b-xv. Cu hnim-cn-bm-øp-i-fpss ÿm]-\-øn-te v \bn Ncn-{Xkw-`-h-ß-fn-te v Hct\z-j-Ww. t]m ØpKokpImcpsS BKa\tØmSp IqSn am tømam\{kmwnifpss k`bpss ZniamdpIbmWv se DZbwt]cq kq\ltzmkphgn Cu k` HutZymKnIambn eøo k`bpss Iognembn. XpS v GXm v 300 h jßtfmfw (1887 hsc) 2 hyxykvx eøo `cwm[n]xyßfpss (Jurisdiction) Xm ]cy߃ \pkcn mbncp p Cu k`bpss `mhn apx t]m ØpKokv ]t{zm]mtzm `cwhpw 1653 se Iq\ Ipcniv kxysøøps v tdmanse s{]m Km `cwhpw ticføn Bcw`n p. Ch c pw hyxykvx `cwkwhn[m\ßfmbncp p sh nepw am tømam \{kmwnifpss Xm ]cy ßfpw hnizmkßfpw BNmcßfpw ]men m Ch c pw XS ßfmbncp p ]mt{zm]mtzm \n Øem nbtxmss t]m ØpKokpIm v am txmam {InkvXym\nI fpss taep AhImißfpw A[nImcßfpw C mxmbn c v kpdnbm\n hnimcnbmøp Iƒ kpdnbm\n ItØmen mbn ÿm]n p Xphsc Hcph jw ( ) am txmam {Inkv Xym\nIƒ s{]m Km `cwøn Iognep hcm pg sa{xms meoømbpss Iogn, kpdnbm \nbpw eøo\pw A msx, Ign p. F m CsXmcp Xm meni kwhn[m\ambncp p. am txmam {InkvXym\nIƒ v {]txyi `cw kwhn[m\w \ Iphm Ign 10 h jßfmbn, taeqkv ioivasb XpS v, tdmw BtemNn pi bmbncp p. hnimcnbmøv ÿm]\øn\p apºp 10 h jßfnse hnhn[ BtemN\Ifpw ] XnIfpw {]h Ø\ßfpamWv \mw Cu tej\ Øn ImWpI. A kvtxmeni kμ i\߃ s{]m Km bpss Iognep hcm pg hnimcn A kvtxmen bv v B hnimcnbmønep eøo ItØmen cpsstaepw kpdnbm\n ItØmen cpsstaepw A[nImcap mbncp p. hcm pgbpss Ahkm\sØ hnimcn A kvtxm eni _nj v setbm\m Uv sa t\m H.kn.Un ( ) Bbncp p. ap KmanIsft mse At± lhpw kpdnbm\n ItØmen cpss Xm ]cyß ƒ v {]m[m\yw simspøn. "kz w doønepw \m nepw' s] sa{xms\ In m th n kpdnbm\n ItØmen Xo{hambn B{Kln Xns ]cnwnx^eambncp p AhcpsS k`bnep mb ] mcn, tdmt mkv, taeqkv ioivaiƒ am txmam {InkvXym\nIfpsS bym B{Klhpw At] Ifpw am ]m sb Adnbn m hcm pg sa{xm am Xm ]cyw ImWn n 18 ImcpWnI am v 2012

19 F v am{xa, XS w \n p Ibpw Nnet msgm s AkXy߃ tdm ans\ Adnbn pibpw snbvxncp p. am txmam {InkvXym\nIfpsS Xo{hamb B{Klw F m Ahkm\ sø ioivabmb taeqkv ioivabneqss (1874) tdman \v t_m[ys p. setbm sahvdn Fkv.sP (1876) sa mt\mbpss FXn ns\ hihbv msx s{]m Km tim {KntKj A sø t_mws_ hnimcn A kvtxmen bmbncp setbmsahvdn s\ A kvtxmeni kμ i\øn\mbn ae_mdn tebv v Ab p sabv 6\v At±lw ticf ØnseØn. hfsctbsd ]T\Øns bpw At\zj WØns bpw shfn Øn kpdnbm\n ItØmen v {]txyi `cwkwhn[m\w \ ti Xm sw v At±lw \nka\ønseøn. ticf k` bnse {]iv\߃ v ]cnlmcw kpdnbm\n ItØm en v am{xambn Hcp sa{xms\ \ IpI F XmsW v At±lw s{]m Km tim {KntKjs\ Adnbn p. CKvt\jykv {] knt m HF^vFw 1877 c maxmbn ]cn. ]nxmhv XXvImcyØn \mbn ticføntebv v Ab Xv C en mc\mb I p n k`mwkamb CKvt\jykv t] knt m sbbmwv s^{_phcn 23 \v At±lw ticf ØnseØn. eøo ItØmen pw hyxykvx hnimcnbmøpiƒ \ ti Xns BhiyIX At±lw FSpØpImWn p. kpdnbm\n ItØmen v kz ambn Hcp sa{xms\ \ ti Xm sw v At±lw A`n{]mbs p. XXv^eambn ]cn. ]nxmhv 9 mw ]obqkv am ]m s_cm Zn am sken F I ΩeoØm sshznis\, kpdn bm\n ItØmen v am{xambn, F m sa m t\mbv v Co-adjuctor auxiliary _nj mbn, hmgn p HIvtSm_ 21\mbncp p At±lØns ÿm \mtcmlww. F m am tømam {InkvXym\nIƒ XpS pw tdman\v AhcpsS ]cmxniƒ Adnbn v FgpXn. kz wdoøn s Hcp sa{xms\bmwv X߃ v Bhiysa pw, Cs n ioivabv v ho pw km yxbps pw tdmans\ Adnbn p. AhcpsS ]cmxniƒ ]cnkwn v Hcp sshznis\ hnimcn P\dmfmbpw \mep sshznisc D]tZiIcmbpw kpdnbm\n ItØmen cn \n pw sxcs Sp m s{]m Km tim {KntKj am sken sa{xmt\msv Bhiys p. kpdnbm\n mcpss Bhiy߃ AhtcmSv BtemNn v snøwsa v tdmw \njv jn ncp psh nepw hnimcn P\dm sftbm D]tZiIsctbm \nban m am sken sa{xm Iq m nbn. B Wn Aenbm Un 1884 sabv 23\v B Wn Aenbm Uns\ East Indies se BZyA kvtxmeni {]Xn\n[nbmbn \nban p At±lw ticfw kμ in p. ticfk`bnse AkzkvYXbv v ImcWw kz w sa{xm\v th nbp AhcpsS Xo{hamb A`nem jamwv F v At±lw a\ nem n. kpdnbm\n ItØmen v c v hnimcnbmøpiƒ \ Ip XmWv IqSpX A`nImaysa v At±lw s{]m Km bv v FgpXp p v. F m \m psa{xms\ DSs\ simsp p Xv _p n]cambncn pibn F v IqSn At±lw tdmans\ [cn n p p v. am v

20 ]{ZphmtZm "]{ZphmtZm' F t]m pkokv ]ZØns A w "c m[nimcxzw' F mwv. \nt m fmkv A ma am ]m m 1455 P\phcn 8\v FgpXnb Romanus Pontifex F tcjbmwv ]{ZphmtZmbpsS ASnÿm\w. Cu I ]\bn Bs{^m Gjy cmpy߃ apgph t]m pk en\v hn psimsp pibpw {]kvxpx cmpyß fn I hsw \SØphm\pw anj\dnamsc Ab bv phm\pw ] niƒ ÿm]n m\pap Ah Imihpw NpaXebpw t]m pk cmpmhn\v \ IpIbpw snbvxp. `mcxønse am tømam \{kmwnisf kw_ n nstømfw DZbwt]cq kq\ltzm kn\ptijw 1599 Unkw_ 20\v Cutim k` mc\mb {^m kokv tdm v BZysØ eøo sa{xm\mbn \nbanx\mbtxmss ]{Zp hmtzm `cww HutZymKnIambn Bcw`n p sh p ]dbmw. ]{ZphmtZm`cWw GItZiw 300 h jtømfw `mcxøn XpS p apx 1777 hsc \{kmwnisf `cn kn htzm tzmkv tdmbv mbncp p Ahkm\ sø ]{ZphmtZm sa{xm. ]n osv AUvan\nkv t{s v mcneqssbmbncp p ]{ZpthmtZm `cww XpS Xv G{]n 24 Multa Praeclare F ss«lni IØneqsS {KnKdn ]Xn\ m a am ]m ]{ZphmtZm `cww C ybn \n Øem n. F m 1857 ]{ZphmtZm `cww ]p\xÿm]n s p am tøm am \{kmwniƒ mbn aq v hnimcnbmøpw ÿm]nxamhpibpw aq p\m psa{xm m \nbanxcmhpibpw snbvxtxmss ]{ZphmtZm `cwøn\v am tømam \{kmwnifpss CSbn {]k nbn mxmbn. tum. tpmk^v sim m-d, Nß-\m-t»cn "AhcpsS Bhiyw Ct mƒ t\sns mspøm AXv AhcpsS AhImiamtb ImWq; Ah AXv t\snsbsp p Xmbpw hcpw. F m Ah \n\ ncn mø AhkcØn ]cnkwn m AXv \ΩpsS `mkøp\n pw Ah v snbvxpsimsp p HuZmcyambn txm pw' CXmbncp p Aen bm UnbpsS A`n{]mbw. ]{ZphmtZm \n Øem p p; C ybn eøo lbcm n ÿm]n p p. tdmw Ab aq v {]Xn\n[nIfpsSbpw A`n {]mb߃ s{]m Km ]cnkw\bvs SpØp. kpdnbm\n m v {]txyi hnimcnbmøv \ Ip Xns aqs mcp ambn mbncp p Cu kμ i \ßfpw dnt m v AhXcWßfpw. F m ticf Øn kpdnbm\n msc {]txyiambn ]ckwn Wsa n AXn\papºmbn eøo ImcpsS X\n abpw sfiyhpw BZyambn hy amt Xp m bncp p. ImcWw eøo k`bpw s{]m Km `cwkoaifnembn hn`pn s ncp p. CXp apgph\pw 4 t]m ØpKokv ]{ZphmtZm cq]xi fmbn hn`pn s ncp Xn\m tdman\v t]mepw C ybn cq]xiƒ ÿm]n mt\m sa{xm msc hmgnt mt\m \nbaw A\phZn p n mbncp p. AXn\m s{]m Km snbvxncp Xv hnimcnbm ØpIƒ ÿm]n pibpw hnimcn A kvtxmen amsc hmgn pibpambncp p. AXn\m t]møp Kokv ]{ZphmtZm AhImiw \n Ømem pi bmwv AXymhiyambn sntø nbncp Xv C ybn Bcw`n t]m ØpKokv ]{ZphmtZm `cww 1838 ]eimcwßfm Xm meniambn \n Øem nsb nepw 1860 AXv ]p\xÿm]n s p. {_n ojv B[y]Xy tømsqiqsn C ybn t]m ØpKokv ]{ZphmtZm bv v \ne\n m AhImian mbncp p sh nepw \n Øem m t]m ØpKokpIm kωxn n. AXn\m ]{ZphmtZm C ybn 19 mw \q m n t]cn\v am{xta D mbncp p q PqWn t]m ØpKokv ]{ZphmtZm C ybn 20 ImcpWnI am v 2012

21 ]q Æambpw \n Øem s p. XpS v 1886 sk]v w_ 1\v C ybn eøo lbcm n s{]m Km bpss Iogn Bcw`n p. A papx emwv C ybnse eøo k` H mip Xpw GI`cWØn Iogn (tdmans ) BIp Xpw. AtXmsS C ybnse eøo k`sb F v k`m t{]mhn kpifmbn Xncn p. 1. tkmhbpss Iogn, ]gb ]{ZphmtZm cq]xiƒ F mw IqSn tn p t{]mhn kkv; 2. {ioe bnse simfwt_m (Pm^\bpw Im Unbpw AXns kam ccq]x Ifpw). IqSmsX AXphsc D mbncp s{]m K bpss Iognembncp p 18 hnimcnbmøpiƒ cq]xifm n 6 k`mt{]mhn kpifmbn {]Jym ]n p. B{K, t_mws_, I, a{zmkv, t]m n t cn, hcm pg. am tømam {InkvXym\nIƒ mbn ÿm]n ]{ZphmtZmbpsS simspß q cq]x \n Øem n AhnsSbp kpdnbm\n msc IqSn hcm pg sa{xmt meoøbpss Iogn, AhnsS bp kpdnbm\n mcpss IqsS sim ph p. eøo lbcm n ÿm]\tømspiqsn hcm pg eøo (am{x) cq]xbmbncp Xn\m kpdnbm\n mcpss AhnsSbp \ne\n v Ah n mbn cp p. F m CsXmcp Xm meni kwhn[m \ambncp p, 1887 sabv 20 hsc am{xw. am tømωm \{kmwniƒ v hnimcnbmøpiƒ 1886 Unkw 20\v tdman tn s{]m Km ^osztim {KntKjs s]mxptbmkøn C y bnse eøo lbcm n ÿm]\sø XpS p ticf kpdnbm\n ItØmen cpss ÿnxn hnebncpøn. _mw qcn tncm\ncn p C y bnse eøo sa{xm mcpss {]YaktΩf\ Øn ticfønse kpdnbm\n ItØmen v {]txyiambn hnimcnbmøpiƒ \ Ip Xns BhiyIXIfpw {]k nbpw N snøphm tim {KntKj Aenbm Uns\ NpaXes Sp Øn. XZ\pkmcw _mw q ktωf\w 1887 P\phcn, 25 \v \S p. Aenbm UnbpsS A y Xbn tn tbmkøn kpdnbm\n ItØmen v {]txyiamb hnimcnbmøpiƒ \ Ip Xv bp amwv F {]tabw ]mkm n. XZvImcyØn\v C y eøo sa{xm mcpss ]q WklIc Whpw hmkvzm\w snbvxp sabv 20\v Quad Iampridem F Xncpshgp Øv hgn setbm ]Xnaq mw am ]m ticfønse kpdnbm\n ItØmen sc hcm pg AXncq]X bn \n pw am n, Ah mbn c v {]txyi hnim cnbmøpiƒ Xriqcpw tim bhpw \ In. aebm q apx sim nhscbp Beph pgbmwv Cu hnimcnbmøpisf XΩn th Xncn p AXncv. F m Cu hnimcnbmøpifpss a p AXn Øn Iƒ Cu XncpshgpØn tcjs SpØnbn. ao\ n Xmeq n ]membspøv CfwtXm w ti{μ am nb tdmt mkv ioivabpw Xr»q ti{μam nb taeqkv ioivabpw hnimcnbmøp ÿm]\øn\v Ifsamcp nb sxm SpØ kw`hßfmbncp p. Quod Iampridem XncpshgpØnemWv kotdm ae _m F t]cv BZyambn D]tbmKn Xv. "kotdm ae_m ' F kw XpS v {Iaambn D]tbm Kn Wsa pw F n am{xta kotdmae_m k`, kotdm ae_m doøv F o {]tbmk߃ km[mcwamhpibp q F pw Cu Xncpshgp Øn ]dbp p. kpdnbm\n ItØmen Aen bm Un v XmaknbmsX Ab IØn Xßsf ]cnkwn Xn\v am ]m bv v \μn]dbpibpw F m C\nbpw I ΩeoØm[nImcnIƒ v Xßsf G n psimsp cpsx v At] n p Ibpw snøp p v. F m 1887 Pqsse 25 \v tn s{]m Km bpss tbmkøn I ΩeoØ mcmb am skens\ Xr»qcpw t]mfnim ns\ tim bøpw hnimcn A kvtxmen am B m \mwv Xocpam\saSpØXv. F m DS Xs am ]m setbm ]Xnaq ma Cu hnjbøn t\cn v C]s]SpIbpw tim {KntKjs Xocp am\w d±m pibpw 1887 BKÃv 23\v Nmƒkv eho v Fkv.sPsb tim bøpw _wkmfn P\n CShI sshzni\mb AtUmƒ^v sauven tim ns\ Xr»qcpw hnimcn A kvtxmen amcmbn \nban p. XncpshgpØv {]Imcw Xs tim bøv FΩm\pth \n[ocntbbpw Xriqcv tpm Pv amºn ntbbpw hnimcn P\dmƒamcmbpw c v ÿeß am v

22 temiw apgph\pap anj\dn {]h Ø\ ßsf GtIm]n n m 1622 Pq 22\v {KnKdn 15 ma am ]m ÿm]n XmWv s{]m Km. CXv ÿm]n Xns e yw anj {]h Ø\ ߃ tdmans Iogn \S nem m\pw, \ne \n ncp Cutimk` mcpss t\xrxzøn ep ]{ZphmtZmsb \nb{ n m IqSnbm bncp p. am tømam k`-bn : ]{ZphmZ m `mcx k`bpssta ASnt n ncp `cwøns\ Xnsc am tømam \{km-wn-iƒ \S-Ønb 1653 P\phcn 3se Iq\ IpcnipkXytØmsS t]m pkokv ]{ZphmtZ A[nImcØn Iognepw am tømam H mas Iognepambn `n n p. CcpIq tcbpw H n n m A sø am ]m bmb AeIvkm VII ( ) ]cn {ian p. CXn\mbn I ΩeoØm anj\dnbmb s{]m Km tpmk^v sk_ãym\nsb At±lw ae_mdn te v Ab p. I ΩeoØm sshzni s{]m Km bpss {]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ Bbn- mwv `cww \- Øn-bXv s{]m Km bpss `cww Bcw`ns nepw, 1658 sk_ãym\n Xncn pt]mbn ae_mdns hnimcn A kvtxmen mbn sk_ãym\n \nban s p. 1886hsc s{]m - Km- -bpss `cww XpS p. X-\n- pw, Htc kabhpw ]{ZphmtZmbpw s{]m Km bpw am tømam \{kmwnisf `cn p. F m 1896 am tøm-a- \-{kmwn k`bv v 3 \m psa{xm amtcbpw 3 hnimcnbm ØpIfpw e`n p txmss s{]m -Km- - -]{Zp hmtzm `cww Hut±m-Kn-I-ambn Ah-km-\n- p- p. tum. tpmk^v sim m-d, Nß-\m-t»cn fnepw 4 sshznisc hoxw D]tZiIcmbpw \nb an p. D]kwlmcw kz ambn hnimcnbmøpiƒ F am txmam \{kmwnifpss NncImem`nemjw Aßs\ 1887 sabv 20 \v ]qhwn p. 2 hnimcnbmøp fpss ÿm]\w Hcp XpS w am{xta Bbncp p q. Ch ti{μoicn v kotdm ae_m k`sb ]p\x kwl Sn n pi t iicamb ZuXyambncp p. Iv\m\mb kapzmbøns {]Xn\n[nIfmbn ^m. amxyp am nens\ c masø hnimcn P\dmfmbpw a v c v sshznisc D]tZiI mcmbpw tim bw hnimcnbmøn 1889 \nban Xpw Nmƒkv eho v sa{xm Xs Bÿm\w 1890 Nß\m t»cnbnte v am nbxpw sxm SpØp \S kw`h ßfmWv apx tim bw hnimcnbmøns t]cv HutZymKnIambn tim bw BbnØs \ne\n p am v 28\v setbm ]Xnaq ma am ]m m Quae rei sacrae F XncpshgpØv hgn tim bw hnimcnbmøv \n Øem pibpw ]Icw tim bw hn`pn v Nß\mt»cn, FdWmIpfw F o c v ]pxnb hnimcnbmøpiƒ D m pibpw Xr»q, Nß\mt»cn, FdWmIpfw F o hnimcnbmøp Iƒ mbn tpm ta\mt cn, amxypam n, Atemjykv ]tg]dºn F nhsc hmgn pi bpw snbvxtxmssbmwv am tømam {InkvXym\n IfpsS \q m piƒ \o p\n \m psa{xm m pw kzbw`cwmhimiøn\pw th nbp {ia ߃ ^eawn Xv. ]Ømw ]obqkv am ]m m In universi F Xncp shgpøv hgn 1911 BKÃv 21 \v Iv\m\mb kpdnbm \n m v am{xambn tim bw hnimcnbmwv ÿm ]n Xpw 1923 Unkw 21\v ]Xns\m mw ]obqkv am ]m m Romani Pontifices F XncpshgpØv hgn FdWmIpfw ti{μam nbpw Xr»q, Nß\mt»cn, tim bw kma cq]xifm nbpw kotdm ae _m lbcm n ÿm]n txmssbmwv hnim cnbmøp ÿm]\ßfpss e yw ]q ØnbmbXv tap B n F nkvtim k`bmbn Db s kotdmae_m k` 2003 Unkw 23 apx tap B v_nj v "Xeh\pw ]nxmhp ambp, kn\un\m \bn s Sp, ]q Wamb A Øn ]uckvxy k`bmbn hf p Ign p. 22 ImcpWnI am v 2012

23 k`m-n-cn{xw Nmhdb \pw kzbw `cwm[nimchpw ^m. txmakv ] πm kn.fw.sf kn.-fw.-sf. P\-d-te- v, Im -\msv kotdm-a-e-_m k`-bpss Ncn-{X-Ønepw AXv kzbw-`-cww t\sp- -Xnepw Nmhd-b- s bpw kn.-fw.sf k\ym-kkaql-øn-s bpw kw`m-h-\-iƒ F m-bncp p? _ nt\ n ]nxmhv hcm- p-g-bpss AUvan- \n-kvt{s- -dmbn ÿm\tas SpØv A[nIw XmaknbmsXbmWv ioiva p ImcWamb t] jy sa{xm tdmt mkv ticfønseøp Xv. Xs ]nsnbn Hcp hn[ønepw k`sb \nb { n p \n Øm km[n pibns p I At±lw 1861 Pq 8\v Nmhdb s\ kpdnbm\n ItØmen cpss hnimcn P\dmfmbn \n bn p. Im pxot]mse ]S p]nsn psim ncp tdmt mkns IS p Ib sø \nb{ n m Cu A[nImcw axnbmin F p IcpXn F p ZnhkØn\p n Pq 15 \v At±lsØ klmb sa{xm\mbn hmgn Wsa mhiys p sim v _ nt\ n ]nxmhv tdmantes gpxn. Nmhd]nXmhns bpw A\pbmbnIfpsSbpw GXm \pw \mfsø {iaw hgnbmbn tdmt mkv sa{xms\ t] jybnte p Xncn b m km[n p. tdmt mkv ioivasb t\cnsm Nmhd ]nxmhv FSpØ t\xrxz ]mshtøbpw im amb CSs]S episfbpw Xncn dn XncpkwLw 1865 At± lsø sa{xm B nbmtem F Dt±iytØmsS Ct mgsø Ahÿbdnbphm _ nt\ n sa{xmt meoømbn \n pw dnt m v Bhiy s p. CXn\v sa{xm\pw, am ken etbmt mƒzv anj\dn aq mcpw simspø adp]sn Nmhdb s\ H n\pwsim møh F p Nn{XoIcn p sim mbncp p. k`bnse kvynxnkxniƒ amdn hcp p F p Xncn dn Nmhd ]nxmhv 1869 s{]m Km XncpkwLØns A y AeIvkm _ Wt_m n\v Imcy߃ hnebncpøns m v FgpXn ""Ct mƒ Ch kam[m\øn Pohn p psh nepw A\p`hØn \n p ]dbphm km[n pw, A[nIw \mƒ Cu \ne XpScpIbn... AXpsIm v AXyp X Xncpta\o, \ sx v F\n p txm p Hcp kwkxn Adnbn pi bmwv. ChnsS c p sa{xm m D mip Xv hfsc \ XmWv; H p eøo k` pw at Xv kpdnbm\n k`bv pw. Cßs\ kz w sa{xm D miwsa p B{Klw C mxmipw. Aßs\ _mt_epambp _ hpw Ahkm\n pw. CXp D]Imc{]Zambncn psa p am{xa, bmt m_mb mcv F dnbs Sp AItØmen RßfpsS c _ nifpw _ p fpambn At\Icp v. Ah v XßfpsS ioiva Dt] n v ItØmen m sfiyønte v Xncn phcphm\pw CXp hfsc klmbn pw''. Nmhd ]nxmhv C{]Imcw tdmante v FgpXnb am v

24 Padroado & Propaganda Prelates of Padroado Francis Ros SJ ( ) Stephen Britto ( ) Francis Garcia ( ) John Ribeiro SJ ( ?) Antony Pimentel SJ ( ) Vasconcellos SJ ( ) Salvador dos Reis ( ) Joseph Cariattil ( ) Prelates of Propaganda Joseph Maria Sebastiani ( ) Alexander Parambil ( ) Raffael Figueredo ( ) Angelo Francis of St. Teresa, ( ) John Baptist Multedi of St. Teresa ( ) Florence of Jesus of Nazareth ( ) Francis de Sales ( ) Aloysius Mary of Jesus ( ) Raymond of Joseph ( ) Miles Pendargast ( ) Francis Xavier Pescetto of St. Anne ) Loudovico Martini of St. Teresa ( ) Bernardine Baccenelli( ) Leonardo Mellano of St Luis ( ). IØns\ pdn v am eqbnkv ]tg]dºnepw, 1875 a p Iptdt tdmantes gpxnb IØnepw FSpØp ]dbp p v. Nmhd ]nxmhv FgpXnb as mcp "BtemN\'bnepw hcm pg cq]xbnse `cw{iasø hniie\w snbvxtijw C{]Imcw FgpXp p: ""CXp IqSmsXbpw ]pø Ip pim tcmsv (bmt m_mb ) Ctßm p IqSphm ]dbp tºmƒ AhcpØcnbp XS w kpdnbm\n {Ia Øn sa{xm Cs p XmIp p'' Nhd ]nxmhv apºv {]hnn ncp Xp t]mse k` ho pw taeqkv ioivasb A`napJo Icnt nh p. Cu kmlncyøn tdman \n p 1874 HmKÃv 4 \v hcm pg sa{xm\v ho pw FgpØp h p, Nmhdb s\ sa{xm\m Wsa Dt±iytØmsS km yxiƒ Adnbp Xn\pth n. AXn\p aq p h jw apºpxs 1871 Nmhd ]nxmhv acn p Ign Imcyw tdma Adn n mbncp p. taeqkv ioivambpss kmlncyøn Nmhd ]nxmhns A\pbmbnIfmb Ggp CMI sshzni \m nse Zpchÿsb hnhcn psim v am ]m m pw a p]esa{xm m pw kz w doøn sa{xm D mti Xns BhiyIXsb Nq n mwn psim v FgpXpIbp mbn. CXn tim]njvs\mb hcm pg sa{xmt meoø sa ms\m Cu Ggp sshznisc CMI k`bn \n p _lnjv cn pibp mbn. ChcmWv Ggv hymipe߃ F dnbs Sp Xv. A kvtxmen v hnkn B p_nj v setbm sambvdn F v.sp GXm v Hcp h j tømfw am m\øpw G ØpcpØpw B{iaß fn Xmakn psim p ]T\w \SØn. CXns ]cnwnx ^eambn 1887 Xriqcpw tim bhpw ti{μam n c p kotdmae_m hnimcnbmøp Iƒ D mbn. 1887se hnimcnbmøv {]Jym]\w am m\øpw G ØpcpØnepamWv \SØnbXv. am m\w Bÿm\am n `cww Gs SpØp eho psa{xm Nß\mt»cnbn ÿekuicyamb Xn\p tijamwv AhntS v ÿm\w am nbxv. 24 ImcpWnI am v 2012

25 k`m-n-cn{xw hnim-cn-bm-øp-i-fpw k`m-h-f bpw tum. {^m kokv txmwn- md kn.-fw.-sf. {]kn-u v, [ Ωmcmw hnzym-t {Xw, _mw q Xr»q, tim bw hnim-cn-bm-øp-i-fpss ÿm]\w Hcp XpS w am{x-am-bn-cp- p. AXn-s\-Øp-S v kotdm-a-e-_m k` t\snb hf -bn-te v Hct\z-j-Ww. I Ω-eoØm `c-w-øn Iogn izmkw ap n- I-gn- n-cp kpdn-bm\n ItØm-en- ]Xn-s\ mw \q m- ns Ah-km-\ `mkwapx kzpm-xnb sa{xm-\p-th n hfsc i -amb coxnbn hmzn- n-cp- p se A -amen ]Sn-tbm-ebn hfsc i -amb coxn-bn kz w doønepw, ]mc-º-cy-ønepws] `c-w-i Øm- ƒ k`bpss hf bv v Bh-iy-am-sW v hy -am- nbn-cp- p. ]t Hcp \q m- ns tij-amwv `mkn- Iam-sb- nepw Cu kz]v\w km m-xv -cn- p- q. kn.-fw.-sf. k`mw-k-߃ kzpm-xnb sa{xm-\p-th- n-bp t]mcm- -Øn ap \n-c-bn Øs D mbn-cp- p. am m\w ti{μ-am n \S-Ønb i -amb apt - -Øn 1876 k`bn \n v Ggp-t]sc ]pd- Øm-t - n-h- p. ]pd-øm- -en\v ImcWw anj-\- dn-am-cpss A\p-hmZw IqSmsX tdma A[n-Im-cn- Iƒ v IsØ-gpXn F -Xm-Wv. Cu ]pd-øm- kzpm-xob sa{xm-\p-th- n-bp hmzw IqSp-X i n-s -Sp-ØpIbpw, tdmw Imcy-߃ Aev]w IqSn Kuc-h-tØmsS ImWp-hm XpS-ßp-Ibpw snbvxp. I Ω-enØm anj-\-dn-am XXz-Øn tziob sa{xm- msc \nb-an- p- -Xn-t\mSv FXn-cm-bn-cp- p. Ah v Ah-cp-tS-Xmb \ymb-߃ D m-bn-cp- p. C y- m v `c-w-]m-s-h-an-s pw sa{xm `c- W-Øn\v tbmky-cm-b-h kpdn-bm\n ItØm-en- cpss CS-bn Cs pw Hcn- Ch \m p-sa- {Xm- m-cpss Iognembm Ah ioiva-bn-tebv p t]mip-sa pw XpSßn ]c-º-cm-k-x-amb hmz-߃ I Ω-eoØm anj-\-dn-am XpS p-sim- n-cp- p. kpdn-bm\n ItØm-en- sc pdn v CXph-scbpw tdman hnh-c-߃ \evin-bn-cp- -h I Ω-eoØm anj-\-dn-am am{x-am-bn-cp- p. kpdn-bm\n ItØmen- -sc- p-dn v ]Tn v hnh-c-߃ \ Im s{]m - Km tim {Kn-tK-j t_mws_-bpss hnim A -kvtxm-en Bbn-cp _nj v entbm sambndn Fkv. sp. sb ae-_m-dn-te-bv -b- p am m\w F Øp-cpØv XpS-ßnb ÿe-ß-fn h v kpdn-bm\n {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn Ct±lw N \S-Øp-Ibpw kpdn-bm-\n- m v kz -ambn sa{xm- msc \ Ip- -Xp-hgn am{xta Cu {]iv\-øn\v am v

26 ]cn-lmcw D m-hp-i-bp p F pw s{]m -Km tim {Kn-tK-js\ Adn-bn- p. XpS v Ct -jykv s] knt m sa{xm\pw kpdn-bm-\n- m-cpss {]iv\-߃ ]Tn- p-hm s{]m - Km- -bm Ab- -s - p. At±lw X\-Xmb `c-wkw-hn-[m\w kpdn-bm\n ItØm-en- -cpss hf bv v Bh-iy-am-sW v \n t±-in- p. BZy-ambn s{]m -Km tim {Kn-tK-j\v I Ω-eo-Ø - A- m-ø-h-cn \n v kpdn-bm-\n- m-sc- p-dn v hnhc-߃ e`n- p. Imcy-Øns Kuchw a\- n-em- nb tdma A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ 1877 tam kn-t m _cm Zn a kn-en-t\m-kns\ ]n Xp-S m-h-im-iap sa{xm-\m- n, tam kn-t m sa m-t\msb klm-bn- p-hm \nb-an- p. kzpm-xnb sa{xm- msc thw-sa- p hmz- Øn\v thsdbpw ]e Imc-W-߃ D m-bn-cp- p. sshzni ]cn-io-e-\-øn IqSp-X {i Bh-iyam-sW pw, hnzym-`ymkw {]txy-in v Cw ojv hnzym`ymkw kap-zmb hf bv v Ah-iy-am-sW pw, hntzi `c-w-øn Iogn icn-bmb t\xrxzw hf Øn-sb-Sp- m km[n- p- n-s pw, ka-{k-amb kap-zmb hf -bn I Ω-eoØm anj-\-dn-am v XmXv]-cy- p-d-hm-sw pw XpSßn \nc-h-[n-bmb hmz-߃ kpdn-bm-\n- m Xß-fpsS \nc- -c-amb satωm-dm- ßfn Fgp-Xn-bn-cp- p. kmh-[m\w hf ph psim n-cn- p tziob {]_p- X kpdn-bm-\n- m-cpss IØp-I-fn \n- pw, {]txy-in v 1883 se IØn \n pw hfsc hy -am-wv. XßtfmSv ImWn- p hnth-n-\-sø- p-dn v kpdn-bm\n ItØm-en- IqSp-X t_m[-hm- m-cm-ip-hm XpSßn. Xßsf ASn-a-I-sf-t mse Icp-Xp-I-bmsW pw hnebv v hmßs ASn-a-I-sf-t mse Xß-tfmSv anj-\-dn-am s]cp-am-dp- -Xmbpw kpdnbm-\n- m v txm n. hnzy-m`ymk Imcy-ß-fn Xß-fpsS ktlm-z-cß-fmb bmt m-_m-b- m hf-sc-b-[niw apt m v t]msb pw Cw ojv hnzy-m`ym-k-øns B\p-Iqey-߃ Ah v [mcm-f-ambn e`n- p- p-s pw kpdn-bm\n ItØm-en- v a\- n-em-bn. skan- \mcn ]cn-io-e\w A[x-]-X-\-Øns ]mx-bn Xs -bm-sw v s]mxp-hn F m-h pw Adn-bmhp Imcy-am-bn-cp- p. A v hfsc i -ambncp tziob t_m[hpw AtXm-tSm w Xs Xß-fpsS hy n-xzsø- p-dn- p t_m[hpw kpdn-bm\n ItØm-en- -cpss CS-bn hf-cp-hm XpS-ßn. Cu kml-n-cy-øn `c-w-kw-hn[m\-am w hfsc A\nhm-cy-am-bn-Øo p. CtXm-sSm w Xs FSpØp-]-d-tb Hcp ImcyamWv HºXmw ]obqkv ]m m-bpss ]n Km-an-bmbn h ]Xn-aq mw entbm ]m m-bpss i -amb t\xr-xzw. "`mc-xta \ns c \ns k m-\- ß-fn ' F p ]d ]m mbv v hy -amb [mc- W-Iƒ hntzi anj-\-dn-am-sc- p-dn v D m-bn-cp- p. `mc-x-k-`-bpss ka-{k-h-f bv v Hcp ]p\ kw- L-S\ Bh-iy-am-sW v a\- n-em- nb ]m m B Imcy-km- y-øn-\mbn BZy-]-Sn-sb \ne-bn Hcp 26 ImcpWnI am v 2012

27 høn- m ÿm\-]-xnsb (A- -kvtxm-en v suetk- n-s\) C Uy-bn-te- -b- p- p. C Uy-bn-te v h BZysØ høn- m ÿm\-]-xn-bmwv tam kn-t m B Wn Aen-bm Un C Uy-bn FØnb At±lw C Uy-bnse k`sb- p-dn v ]Tn- p-ibpw 1886 C Uy-bnse eøo sslbcm n ÿm]n- p- -Xn ap ssi FSp- p-ibpw snbvxp. kpdn-bm-\n- m-cpss {]iv\-߃ pw ]cnlmc ap m-i-w-sa v ]ecpw B{K-ln- p. hcm- p-gbpw simsp-ß- qcpw c v cq]-x-iƒ kpdn-bm-\n- m m bn ÿm]n- -W-sa v Nne \n t±-in- p-ibpw snbvxp. am m-\øv \evi-s Dujva-f-amb kzoic-w-øn A\-Xn-hn-Zq-c`m-hn-bn kpdn-bm-\n- m v kz w doønepw kap-zm-b-ønepws] sa{xm- msc e`n- p-sa v AhnsS IqSnb P\-k-aq-lsØ høn- m {]Xn-\n[n Adn-bn- p. Bcw` \S-]Sn F \ne-bn c p {]txyi hnim-cn-bm-øp-iƒ kpdn-bm-\n- m mbn XpS-ßp-hm-\pw, Xev mew Cu hnim-cn-bm-øp-i-fpss `cww kpdn-bm-\n- m pw, I Ω-eo-Øm m pw \ ImsX thsd Bscsb- nepw G n- p-hm\pw høn- m {]Xn-\n[n ] -Xn-Iƒ Bkq-{XWw snbvxp. kpdn-bm-\n- mcp-ss-bn-sbn sa{xm ]Z-hn v tbmky-\mbn ]escbpw Is - nepw DSs\ tziob sa{xm- msc hmgn-t F Bi-b-amWv tam kn-t m B Wn Aen-bm {Un v D m-bn-cp- -Xv. AtXmsSm w Xs I Zmb k`-bpss kzm[o\w kpdnbm-\n- m-cp-ss-ta Ign-bp- Xpw Ipd-t - Xv Bhiy-am-sW pw At±-l-Øn\v A`n-{]m-b-ap- m-bn-cp- p P\p-h-cn-bn _mw q \S Z n-tw- y sa{xm- m-cpss ktω-f\w kpdn-bm-\n- m-cpss {]iv\w N snøp-ibpw Ign-bp- -Xpw -thkw kpdn-bm-\n- m v kz w doønepw PmXn-bnepw s] -hsc sa{xm-\m n \ I-W-sa p N -bp- mbn. Xriqcpw, tim -bhpw Bÿm-\-ßfm n \n t±in- p. høn- m {]Xn-\n-[n-bpsS a\ v Hcp I ΩeoØm hnim A -kvtxm-en m D m-i-w-sa- mbn-cp- p. F nepw kpdn-bm-\n- msc Xo Øpw X n- -f- n-. Imc-Ww \n[o-cn- am-wn- -Ø- \msc Ipdn v hni-z-amb clky At\z-jWw \S- p. ]t I Ω-eoØm sa{xm- m \n[ocn- amwn- -Ø-\m v FXn-cm-bn-cp- p. \n[o-cn-bpss kzim-cy-po-hn-x-sø- p-dn pw [m ΩnI Pohn-X-sØ- p-dn pw sa ms\m sa{xm\pw a k-en-t\mkv kzbw `cwmhimiøn\pth nbpw \m p sa{xm msc In p Xn\pth nbpap am txmam {InkvXym\nIfpsS {iaw Xp pt]m p. _ W Zn _ ns\ n ( ) hcm pg hnimcn A kvtxmen bmbncp ImeØv a mt\ n ]cnioe\w t\snb sshzni hnzym niƒ v ] w simsp m At±lw asn p. B kabøv ticføn Z\lm _ tbm\ Fs mcp I Zmb sshzni Xmakn ncp p. At±lØns t\xrxzøn _mkv ZmZnte v as mcp UetKj\pw IqSn t]mim Xocpam\n p. B Wn IpS nd, B Wn sxm \msv F o c p sshznicmbncp p Cu UetKj\nse AwK߃. ^m. B Wn IpS tdmt mkv ioiva nd bm{xmat y acwas p. ^m. B Wn sxm \m v _mkvzmznseøn ]m{xnbm o kns\ Imcy߃ [cn n p. At±lw txmakv tdmt mkv Fs mcp sshznis\ sa{xm\mbn hmgn v 1861 ticføntebv v Ab p. ^m. sxm \m v At±lsØ A\pKan p. \m nse ØnbXpw Chsc ]e] n mcpw kzoicn p. XmaknbmsX _m nt\ n Nmhd Ipcym t mkv A s\ tdmt mkns\xnsc {]h Øn m\mbn hnimcn P\dmfmbn \nban p. 9 mw ]obqkv am ]m bpss \n t±i {]Imcw 1861 \hw. 30\v tdmt mkns\ ticføn aps n _nj v tdmt mkpw ^m. sxm \m pw _mkvzmznte vt]mbn. am v

28 taeqkv ioiva 1862 sk]vxw_ 26 9 mw ]nbqkv ]m m _mkvzmznse I Zmb ]m{xnbm okv HutZmbv v Ab IØn ae_mdnte v sa{xm msc Ab cpxv F v Bhiys ncp psh nepw 1874 HutZm ]m{xnbm okv Genbmkv taeqkv Fs mcp I Zmb sa{xm s\ ticfønte v Ab p. sa{xm\mbncps nepw AXphsc Hcp sshzni\mbn {]h Øn ncp am A_vZotim (B Wn sxm \m v) taeqknt\msv tn p. ticfønse Nne ] niƒ Ahsc kzoicn p. am ]m bpss \n t±i {]Imcw At mgsø hnimcn A kvtxmen bmbncp seb\m t±m sa mt\m taeqkns\ aps n. tdmw Bhiys X\p kcn v ]m{xnbm okv taeqkns\ _mkvzm Znte v Xncn phnfn p. taeqkv XncnsI t]m sb nepw Npcp w Nne] niƒ ioivabn Dd p\n p. AhcmWv ]n osv Xr»q ti{μ am nbp iqdmbn k`bmbn amdp Xv. sa{xm\pw H pw kwxr-]vx-c- m-bn-cp- p am v 31 \v A{ bm AbqØn ]pxnb høn- m ÿm\-]-xn-bmbn Npa-X-e-tb- p. I Ωeo-Øm- msc kpdn-bm-\n- msc `cn- phm hnim -A- -kvtxm-en mcm n \nb-an- phm t]mip p F hm Ø ]c- -txmss A{ bm AbqØn tdman-te v sse{kmw snøp-ibpw a k-en-t\m-knt\-bpw, t]mfn- m n-s\bpw kpdn-bm-\n- m-cpss sa{xm- m-cmbn \nb-an- p-hm-\p ]cn-{i-a-ß-fn \n v ]n hm-ß-w-sa v ]cn-ip ]nxm-hn-t\msv Bh-iy-s -SpIbpw snbvxp. I Ω-eo-Øm- m v A\p-Iq-e-ambn Hcp Xocp-am-\-ap- m-bm ChnsS ho pw Hcp ioivabp m-ip-sa pw kpdn-bm\n kap-zm-bsø tzmj-ambn _m[n- p-sa pw At±lw ap -dn-bn v \ In. XXv^-e-ambn am m t\cn v CS-s]-Sp-Ibpw 1887 BKÃv 23 \v Cutim k`mwkw Nmƒkv eho- ns\ tim -b-øns hnim -A- kvtxm-en- -bm-bpw, bqtd-jy-\mb AtUmƒ^v sauven-t m- ns\ Xriq hnim A -kvtxm-en- bmbpw \nb-an- p. s]m n^n- I Ω-߃ kz w doøn \S-Øp-hm-\p A\p-hm-Z-tØmsS ^m. tpm v amºn- nsb Xriq-cns hnimcn P\- dm-fm-bpw, \n[o-cn- amwn- -Ø-\msc tim -b- Øns hnim-cn P\-dm-fmbpw \nb-an- p. \mep kpdnbm\n sshzn-isc Ah-cpsS Btem-N-\- m-cmbpw \nb-an- p. c v e -Øn-e-[nIw kpdn-bm\n ItØm-en- cpw 360 CS-hI sshzn-icpw 59 k\ym-k-ssh-zn- Icpw, 4 skan-\m-cn-ifpw ae-_m-dn D m-bn-cp- p Hcp {]txyi hnim-cn- P-\-dm-fn-s\-bpw, c v Btem-N-\- m-scbpw sx pw-`m-k mbn am{xw \evin. ^m. amxyp am o Bbn-cp p sx pw`mk- m-cpss hnimcn P\-dm-fmbn \nb-an- -s - -Xv am m hnim A -kvtxm-en- m-bpss Bÿm \w tim -bøv \n v Nß-\m-t»-cn-bn-te v am phm A\p-hmZw \ In, t]cv \ne-\n Ø-W-sa pw tim -b-øns ]ptcm-kxn t\s-w-sa- p-ap hyhÿ-tbm-sp-iqsn. tim -bøv ItØm-en- Ipd-hmsW pw, hnim A -kvtxm-en- m-bpss hmk- Øn\v ] nb ÿe-a-s pw Nq n- m-wn- mwv Bÿm-\-am w Bh-iy-s - -Xv. XpS p Ncn{Xw ]Tn- m a\- n-emipw Nmƒkv ehn v sa{xms\ hs- pw`m-k- m kzm[o-\n- n-cn- Ww Cu ÿm\- am- -Øn. ImcWw sx pw`mk-k-ap-zmbw kz w sa{xm-\p-th n ]cn-{i-an- n-cp- p se tim bw cq]-x-bpss ÿm]\w Cu ]cn-{i-a-øns ^e-am- W-t m. Ipd-hn-e-ßmSvImcpw sa{xm ÿm\w In phm ]cn-{i-an- n-cp- p. km[n- m \n[o-cn- amwn- -Ø-\m Xß-fpsS sa{xm\mbn \nb-an- s -S-W-sa v kap-zmbw B{K-ln- -Xn sxs m pw ]d-bm km[n- p-i-bn-. F m Cu ]ucm-wni k`-sb- p-dn- p sszh-]- -Xn-Iƒ thsd hn[-øn-em-bn-cp- p se A -amen ]Sn-tbm-e-bn-eqsS Bh-iy-s kzbw `c-wm-h-imiw `mkn-i-ambn e`n- p-hm Hcp \q m- p-iqsn ImØv \nevt - n-h- p se ]Xnaq mw entbm am m -bpss Ncn{X Xocp-am\w kotdm-a-e-_m k`-bpss hf -bnse \mgn-i- - m-bn-cp- p. 28 ImcpWnI am v 2012

29 tizmzv bmw{]oszw k`m-hn- m-\obw k`mfliam\hpw k`mz i\hpw tum. B Wn a fn s{]m^-k, k`m-hn- m-\obw tizmzv bmw{]oszw F ss«lni Xncp-shgp-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv ]Xn-aq mw setbm am ]m m kpdn-bm-\n- m mbn c p hnim-cn-bm-øp-iƒ ÿm]n- -Xv. AXns k`m-fli am\-ß-fn-te v Hct\z-j-Ww. am txmam«olmbpss `mcxk`sb kw_ n nstømfw \n ÆmbIamb Hcp Ime L Øn\v XpS w Ipdn `mkykvacwm l\mb 13 mw setbm am ]m bpss ""tizmzv bmw{]oszw'' (Quod Iampridem) F ss«lni XncpshgpØn s\ k`mfli ho WtØmsS hnebncpøm\mwv Cu {lkz hnnn \ØneqsS DZyan p Xv. tizmzv bmw{]oszw D S w sabv 20\v 13 mw setbm am ]m ]pds Sphn Cu XncpshgpØneqsS C Uybnse am tømam {InkvXym\nIƒ pth n Xr»q, tim bw F o c v A kvtxmeniv hnimcnbmøpiƒ ÿm]n p p. 2. Chbv pth n hntzinifpw, eøo k`mw Kßfpamb _. AtUmƒ^v FUzn sauven t msv, Nmƒkv eho v Fkv.sP F o sshzni sc hnimcn A kvtxmen amcmbn \nban p p. 3. t]m pkokv ]t{zmhmtzmbpss ta t mbva bpss ImeØv 1610 Unkw_ 20\v ]cnanxs Sp Ønbncp A[nImc ]cn[nbn Øs `mcx pgbv pw ]ºm\Znbv pw at[ybmbn am tømam \{kmwnisf XpS pw \ne\n Øn. Ccp hnimcnbmøpifpss `qanimkv{x]camb A[nImc ]cn[n Bephm pgbpss Ccp`mKØpambn \n Æ bn p. k`mfliho Ww ""kotdm ae_m '' k`mwk߃- mbn CZw {]Yaambn ÿm]nxamb 2 hnimcnbmøpifpss {]myani hnhcamwv ta d h. CXntebv v \bn kmlncy߃, CXv Dƒs m p k`m fli ho Ww XpSßnbhbmWv Gsd {it b ambn p Xv. hy nk`ifpss Iq mbvabmwv km Δ{XnI k` F XXzw CXneqsS AwKoIcn p p. 1. am txmam«olmbpss `mcxk`sb kotdm ae_m k`sb v \maicww snøp p; AXns\ Hcp hy nk`bmbn AwKoIcn p p. 2. ]s{zmhmtzm `cwøntem hcm pg sa{xm t meoømbpss Iogntem kotdmae_m k`mwk ߃ XpS v \n p Xv KpWIcamhn F \nka\øn FØp p. AXn\pth n X\Xv lbcm n ÿm]n m {ItaW km[n p am v

30 Quod Iampridem (Excerpts)...Itaque motu proprio,atque ex certa scientia et matura deliberatione Nostris, praesentium vi mandamus,ut peracta rituali separatione catholicorum Syro-Malabarensium a latinis, duo pro illis constituantur Vicariatus Apostolici committendi Episcopis Iatinis, qui sibi assumant Vicarium Generalem Syro-Malabarensem privilegio condecorandum exercendi proprio ritu pontificalia, et confirmationis sacramentum, chrismate tamen ab Episcopo consecrato, conferendi; nec non alios quatuor viros ecclesiasticos eiusdem gentis et ritus elegant, quorum consilio in omnibus ecclesiasticis negotiis utantur. Insuper praecipimus ut praedictorum Vicariatuum Apostolicorum territorialis divisio fiat per naturales limites fluminis Alavay quod ab urbe Maleater Malabaricam regionem intersecat usque ad mare prope urbem Cochin, ita ut primus Vicariatus sit septentrionalis cum ordinaria residentia Apostolici Vicarii in urbe Trichoor unde appellationem sumet; alter sit meridionalis cum ordinaria residentia proprii Vicarii Apostolici in urbe Cottayam a qua nomen accipiet......therefore, with proper initiative, and also from Our certain knowledge and mature deliberation, We order by the present [Brief] that to accomplish the ritual separation of the Catholic Syro-Malabarians from the Latins, two apostolic vicariates are to be constituted for them, they are to be entrusted to Latin bishops who assume a Syro-Malabar vicar general adorned with the privilege of celebrating the pontifical in the proper rite and administering the sacrament of confirmation, however, with the chrism consecrated by the bishop. Also they may elect four other ecclesiastics from the same people and rite whose counsel they may make use of in all the ecclesiastical affairs. Besides, We order that the territorial division of the above said apostolic vicars be made along the natural limit of the Aluva river that divides the Malabar region from Malayattoor town up to the sea, near the town of Kochi, in such way as the first northern vicariate be the ordinary residence of the apostolic vicar in the Thrissur town whence it obtains its name, the other southern be the ordinary residence of the proper apostolic vicar in the town of Kottayam from which it receives its name hn[øn Ritual Separation \SØpIbpw am ]m bpss t\cn p A[nImc]cn[nbn Apostolic Vicariate Iƒ ÿm]n pibpw snøp p. 3. t] jy k`bpambn Bcm[\m{IaØnepw lbcm nbnepw Zo LImew At`Zyw _ s ncp psh nepw kz amb ss«lni ]mcºcy hpw k`m]camb a pkhntijxifpw D am txmam{inkvxym\nifpss `mcxk`sb I Zmb kpdnbm\n k`bpss `mkambn AhnSsØ ]m{xn bm okns A[nImc ]cn[nbnte v hnsmsx kzx{ amb hf bv v ] møesamcp p p. 4. Ct mƒ ÿm]nxamb hnimcnbmøpiƒ pth n hntzinifpw eøo Imcpamb sshzni scbmwv hnimcn A kvtxmen amcmbn \nban n cn p sx nepw Bcm[\m {Iakw_ amb Imcyßfn th {X klmbiamim th n XZ\pkmcw hn]peamb A[nImcßtfmSpIqSn kotdmae_m k`mx\bcmb Hmtcm hnimcn P\dmf mscbpw \mev BtemN\mkanXnbwK ßsfbpw \nban phm I n p p (setbm 13 ma am ]m Xs bmwv Quae Rei Sacrae F XncpshgpØv hgn {]kvxpx c v hnimcnbmøp Iƒ aq mbn ]p\xkwlsn n v Ahbv v kztz inifpw kz w k`mwkßfpamb hnimcn A kv txmen amsc \ InbXv F hkvxpx CtXm ssm w Adn ncnt XmWv). 5. kotdmae_m k`mhnizmknifpss Imcy Øn {]txyi{i snepøpibmwnxneqss e yam p sx v Cu XncpshgpØns Bcw` Ønte simspøn p v F Xv {i m lw Xs. Ncn{XØns KXnhnKXnIƒ c mw knwl{km_vzøns Bcw`tØmSpIqSn tdmans ti{μoirx kz`mhw ASn Sn h n pibpw AwKkwJybpsS ASnÿm\Øn am{xw k`bpss hf hnebncpøpibpw bqtdm 30 ImcpWnI am v 2012

31 ]y kwkv mchpw kao]\ßfpw km Δ{XnI sa hn[øn IcpXpIbpw snbvxncp ] m ØeØn h ptn ]mfn Isfbpw ]cmpb ßsfbpw Bflm ambn hnebncpøn, ASnÿm \]camb kao]\øn kzoicnt ]pø \ne]mspifpss kqn\bmwnxv kotdm ae_m k` Hcp hy nk`bmsw AwKo-I-cn-. `mcxk`m] møew X\Xmb ss«lni ]mcºcyhpw Bcm[\m{I ahpw sszhimkv{xhpw B ymflni PohnXssi enbpw k`min W{Iahpap Hcphy nk` bmwv kotdmae_m k` F t]cn Adnb s Sp am tømam \{kmwnk`. BZy\q m n Øs am tømam«olmbm ÿm]nxamb Cu k`mkaqløns k`mpohnxssienbmwv am tømambpss am w. am tømam `mcxøn Adnbn {InkvXp am amwnxv. Htc ss«lni ss]xriw AhImis Sp hy nk`bmwv t] jy k`bpw. t] jymbnse ]uckvxykpdn bm\nk`bpambn Bcw`n kº w {ItaW Bcm[\m{Iaw, lbcm n F o Xeßfnte v FØpIbpw 16 mw \q m phsc At`Zyambn \ne \n pibpw snbvxp. t] jybn \n p h sa{xmt menøamcmwv ChnSsØ k`bv v B[ymflnI t\xrxzw \ Inbncp -Xv. F m t]m pkokpimcpss BKa\hpw kao]\ßfpw aqew Cu _ Øn De n X n. A sø sa{xmt meoøbmbncp am A{_m lans \ncymwsøøps p (t]m pkokv) A[nImcnIfpsS A\[nIrXamb CSs]S, DZbw t]cq kq\ltzmkv, t]m p-kokv ]t{zm-thm tzmbpss ta t mbva (Conquistada) F nh am txmam{inkvxym\nifpss Bcm[\{Iaw, k`m LS\, sfiyw F nhbv v BLmXw G n p. am tømam {InkvXym\nIfpsS sa{xm-t m-eo-øbpss (Metropolitan and Gate of all India) A[n-Im-chym]vXn `mcxw apgph\nepambncp Xv `mcx]pg bv pw ]ºm\Znbv pw at[ybmbn Ah ]cnanx s SpØn. AXpt]mse A Znbmt ms A[n Imc]Zhnsb AhKWn p. C{]Imcw hnhn[ ImcW߃ aqew Iq\ Ipcnip kxyhpw Ass\ Iyhpw k`bn D mbn. s{]m -Km m aptj\ ]cnlmcøn\pth n ]cn{ians nepw th {X ^e-{]-z-am-bn-. ]s{zmhmtzm, s{]m -Km m F nhbneqssbp Zzb`c W k{ºzmbw KpWIcambns v A\p`hw km ys SpØn. am tømam {InkvXym\nIfpsS ImgvN- m-sn kpdnbm\n mcmb \m psa{xm msc e`n pisb Xmbncp p GI]cnlmc am w. CXn\v I ΩeoØm mcpw a phntzinifpw A\p Iqeambncp n. tdmanepw t]m pkenepw _mkvzm- Znepw \m psa{xm m pth n \n t±i߃ \SØn. I Ω-eo-Ø-m m-cpss FXn p-aqew \m psa-{xm- m-cpss Imcyw A\n- n-x-ambn \o p-t]mb kml-ncyw tic-f-øn tdmt mkv, taeqkv F o ioiva-iƒ v CS-h-cp-Øn. H mw høn- m kq\- l-tzm-kns Ah-k-c-Øn kotdm-ae-_m {]iv\w Adn-bm CS-bmb I ±n-\mƒ spmhm n s] nbmwv 1878 setbm 13 m-a am ]m- -bm-b-xv. sfiycq]y-amwv sfiyøn\v Bhiysa pw bqtdm]y PohnXssienbpw eøo Bcm[\ am v

32 {Iahpw am{xamwv AwKoIrXsa pw ItØmen m k`bn eøo k`m]mcºcyøn\v am{xta km[yxbp qsh pw [cn hcmb anj\dnamcpss sx mb kao]\߃ km Δ{XnI k`bv v hcp Ønh hn\iƒ v kotdmae_m k`bpss Zo LIme Ncn{Xw km nbmwt m. `n XIƒ pw ioivaiƒ pt]mepw CShcpØnb aq p \q m p ImesØ ]s{zm-hmtzm, s{]m -Km m `c-w-øns Xn m\p`h߃s Xnsc k`bpss B[nImcnI \ne]msv hy am pibmbncp p am ]m. c mw høn m kq\ltzmkns k`m]c amb Dƒ mgvnbpss apt msnbmbn mwv setbm 13 ma am ]m bpss \S]SnIsfbpw at\m`mhß sfbpw kotdmae_m k`bv mbp A kvtxm eni hnimcnbmøpifpss ÿm]\søbpw ]cnk Wnt Xv. XpS v ImeImeßfn kotdmae _m k`bpss ImcyØn D mbn p am ]m m am-cpss \n ÆmbI CSs]SepIƒ C mcyw hy am p p. hnhn[ hy nk`ifpss Iq mbvabmwv ItØmen mk`. \mgni piƒ 1887 sabv 20 kotdmae_m k`mwkßsf eøo sa{xm mcpss `cwøn \n v th s]sp Øn 2 A kvtxmeni hnimcnbmøpiƒ ÿm]n p p. Leo XIII. Quod Iampridem 1896 Pqsse 28 Xr»q, FdWmIpfw, Nß\m t»cn F o hnimcnbmøpifpss ÿm]\w - Leo XIII Quae Rei Sacrae. Ahbv pth n kztzinifpw kotdmae_m k`mwkßfpamb hnimcn A kvtxmen amsc \nban p p Unkw_ 21 kotdmae_m lbcm n ÿm]\w. Pius XI - Romani Pontifices 1955 G{]n 28, 29 kotdmae_m k` lbcm nbpss A[nImc]cn[n `mcx pgbv pw ]ºm \Zn pw ]pdøp ÿeßfnte v hnikn n p p. Pius XII Multorum Fidelibus, Sape Fidelium, Profidelium & Quae Suddistica. k`bpss AP]me\ tijn p AwKo-Imcw am v 31 kotdmae_m k`bv v Omμm anj FIvkm t v ÿm]n p p. Pope John XIII am tpmk^v Icnbm n FdWmIpfw AXncq]Xbnse BeßmSv CShIbn 1742 tpmk^v Icnbm\n P\n p. skan\mcn ]cnioe\w tdmanse s{]m Km timtfpn \n hln p. \m n seønb At±lw hcm pg skan\mcnbn A ym]i\mbn. ]pø Iq hn`mkønse am txmam Bdma (Ub\ojykv H ma ) ItØmen m k`bpambn ]p\ssciys Sm {ia߃ \SØnbncp Imeambncp p AXv. At±lØns Cu {iaw A sø ticføn se sshtzini k`mt\xrxzøns Aew `mhw ImcWw ]cmpbs SpIbmbncp p. am Ub\ojykns B{Klw Bflm hpw i hpamsw v a\ nem nb Icn bm n a ]m, Ub\ojykns\ A`y \ {]Imcw, C mcy km yøn\mbn tdmw enkv _ bm{x \SØn. ]mtdam txmam IØ \mcpsamøv At±lw 1778 sabv 7\v Beßm p \n pw Im \Sbmbn a{zmknseøn. AhnsS \n pw I am w tdmante pw bm{xbmbn. XpS v enkv_wnseønb Icnbm n 1783 s^{_phcn 17\v t]m ØpKokv cm nbpss Xm cy {]Imcw sa{xmt meoøbmbn A`n jn \mbn sabv 1\v Ah tkmhbn Xncns Øn. F m 1786 sk_vxw_ 10\v 45 masø hbkn Icnbm n sa{xmt meo Øm tkmhbn h v BIkvanIambn \ncymx \mbn. hntziøv, s{]m Km bn BZyw sshzn I]cnioe\w t\sp aebmfnbmwv am Icnbm n. t]m pkokv t]mt{zm]mtzm A[n ImcØn Iogn sa{xmt meoøbmbn \nban s Sp BZysØ C ym mc\pw At±lw Xs. 32 ImcpWnI am v 2012

33 tkmh WtZm txmakv ]mtdam ]mem cq]xbn IS\mSv CShIbn txmakv ]mtdam sk]vxw-_ 10 \v P\n p. Beßm v skan\mcnbn sshzni]t\w \SØn sshzn] w kzoicn p. XpS v kz w CShIbmb IS\mSv hnimcnbmbn tkh\a\pjvtn p se tdmw enkv_ bm{xbv v am Icnbm nens klnmcnbmbncp p. Ah cpss hntzi bm{xbpss hnhcwamwv ]mtdam cnn "h Øam\ ]pkvxiw'. CXv `mcx `mjifnse BZy bm{xmhnh cwamwv. AKm-[-]-fin-X\pw kmln-xy-imc\pw -k`m - kvt\ln-bp-amb Hcp ]mtd-am- en-s\b-bmwv \Ωƒ Cu {KŸ-Øn ImWp- -Xv. am Icnbm nens acwsøøps v 1787 Unkw_dn ]mtdam ticføn seøn. simspß q AXncq]XbpsS `cww Gs SpØp. sa{xmt meoømbpss A`mhØn tkmh WtZm F ]Zhn bmwv At±lØn\v D mbncp Xv A am enbmbncp p BZy Bÿm\w BZyw At±lw kpdnbm\n {InkvXym\nIfpsS Hcp s]mxptbmkw A amenbn hnfn piq n. Cu ktωf\ønemwv {]kn amb "A amen ]Sntbme' FgpXn D m nbxv. tkmh WtZmdns `cwimeømbn cp p Sn phns ticfm{iaww. A amen bn \n pw At±lw Bÿm\w hsbm v ] nbnte v am n. tkmh WtZmdns kuicym w X n amøpci 1790 ]WnIgn n XmWv hsbm v ] n. ]n osv At±lw Xmakn Xv cma]pcømbncp p. cma]pcøph v 1799 am v 20\v 63 masø hbkn At±lw Cu temihmkw shsn p. Ad Lucem Sancti. k`bpss t{]jnx {]h Ø\ ani hn\v AwKoImcw. Hmtcm hy nk`bpw anj\dn bmwv sabv 28 hy n k`iƒ v t{]jnx {]h Ø\Øn\p XpeyAhImiw, {]hmknifpss AP]me\Øn\v ]uckvxyk` p AhImiw F o hnjbßsf n am ]m m `mcxønse sa{xm m v Ab IØv G{]n 30 {]hmknifmb kotdmae_m k`mwk߃ mbn Ieym cq]xbpss ÿm]\w John Paul II 1992 Unkw_ 16 kotdmae_m k`sb tap B nf nkvt m k`bmbn Db Øp p. John Paul II Quae Majori Christifidelium. D]kwlmcw setbm 13 ma am ]m bpss Quod Jampridem F XncpshgpØns\ ka{kambn A]{KYn p tºmƒ \ap v hy amip Xv, am tømam {Inkv Xym\nIƒ v (kotdmae_m k`) th n c p A kvtxmeni hnimcntbøpiƒ Xr»q, tim bw F nh ÿm]n p Xn\p \S]Sn H s kw `hambn ]cnanxs SpØ km[ya. AXnep]cn k`mfli ho Ww Dƒs m p Imcyambn AXns\ hnebncpøww. kotdmae_m k`sb Hcp hy n k`bmbn AwKoIcn mt\m A{] Imcw kº Ønte s Smt\m XømdmImXncp t]m pkokp ]ms{zmhmtzmbpssbpw s{]m K bpss Iognep I ΩeoØ anj\dnamcpssbpw at\m`mhsø XncpØn pdn p ho WamWv `mkykvacwm l\mb setbm ]Xnaq ma am ]m ]pe ØnbXv. kotdmae_m k`bpss A{]Xo nxamb hf bv v Ifsamcp m\mwv ta ]d hcpss A[nImc ]cn[nbn \n v kotdmae_m k`sb tamnn n Xv. XXv^eambn {Ia_ amb hf t\sp Xn\pw 1992 tap B n F n-kvt m- ]Zhnbn FØnt cp Xn\pw CSbm n. Zzb`cWØn \n v kzbw `cwønte p hntamn\øns ]mx Xpd p Xn hgnøncnhmbncp p setbm 13 ma am ]m bpss XncpshgpØv. am v

34 Imt\m\n Iu sk A]-cn-NnX\mb sshzn-i Ip m-\-b n- m hcp-tºmƒ tum. tpmkv Nndta Im\ \nba hnzkv[, kotdm ae_m tap B n F nkvtim ss{s_yqwens sshkv {]knu v k`m\nbaßsf (Im\ \nbaw) kw_ n p kwib\nhmcwøn\mbn p ff ]w nbmwnxv. tnmzy߃ v adp]sn Xømdm p Xv Im\ \nba]fin X\mb tum. tpmkv Nndta BWv. \nßfpss tnmzyßfpw kwibßfpw ImcpWnIs hnemkøn Abbv pi. Rm Hcp CShI hnimcnbmwv. Xo Øpw A]cnNnX\msbmcp sshzni Hcp RmbdmgvN cmhnse Fs kao]n v At±lØn\v Rmb dmgvn Ip m\bn Ft mssm w klim ΩnI\mIm Xm ]cyaps v Adnbn p. Hcp CShI hnimcnsb \nebn Rm F v \ne]msv kzoicn Ww? RmbdmgvN Ip m\ bn Ft mssm w _enb n m Xo Øpw A]cnNnX\mb sshznis\ A\phZn mtam? ^m. tpmkv sx n-t\øv, sim n ]utcmlnxyw ]hn{xamb Hcp IqZmibmWv. «ol mcpss ]n ps mcmb sa{xm mcpss ssisbm phgn ]utcmlnxyw kzoicn h v am{xta hnip Ip _m\b n m A[nImcap q. F m A]cnNnX\mb Hcp sshznis\ Ip m\b WØn\v A\phZn ptºmƒ Kuc hamb Nne Imcy߃ {i nt Xp v. Ch eøo \nbakwlnxbn (Code of Canon Law) hy am nbn ps nepw ]uckvxy\nba kwlnxbn hnizamb {]Xn]mZ\ßsfm pw ImWp n. F nepw eøo \nbakwlnxbnse CXpkw_ amb \n t±i߃ GXp kzbm[n Imck`bnse (Churches Sui Juris) sshzni pw _m[iam mhp XmWv. ]cnnbs SpØ tcj lmpcm Ww eøo \nbaw hn`mh\w snøp X\pkcn v A]cnNnX\mb sshznis\ _enb WØn\v A\phZn Wsa n At±lw Xs cq]xm y t tbm, k\ymksshzni\msw n _ s A[nImcnbptStbm ]cnnbs SpØ tcj (Letter of recommendation) lmpcm Ww. Cu tcj sb 'Celebret' F mwv ]dbpi. CXv Hcp h j Øn IqSpX ]g ap XmIm ]msn. CXv sshzni v \ Ip Xv cq]xm y \mwv. k\ymksshzni v AhcpsS ÿesø tae y 34 ImcpWnI am v 2012

35 t\m, tap kp ocnb t m ÿesø A[nIm cnt m Cu tcj \ Imhp XmWv. Cu sshzni GXv h jamwv ]utcmlnxyw kzoicn sx pw Ct mgpw cq]xbn ]utcmln Xyip{iqj snøp bmfmsw pw hnip Ip m\b WØn \n pw Ct±lsØ XSbmhp bmsxmcp {]iv\ßfpan msb pw hy am p tcjbmwv "sken{_ v' (Celebret). sshzni \nbam\pkrxw IqZmiIƒ ]cni Ωw snøp Xn \n v hne s Bf F v Dd phcpøp XmWv Cu tcj. F m Nne ÿeßfn Cu tcj Bhiys Smdn. sshzn I A]cnNnX\msW nepw IqZmiIfpsS ]cn I ΩØn \n v XSbs n n F v Dd p kmlncyøn Cu Xncn dnb tcj C m sxbpw hn. Ip _m\b n m A\phZn mhp XmWv. IqZmiIfpsS ]cni Ωw \ntj[n s Sp kmlncy߃ Xmsg ]dbp kmlncyßfn sshzni v IqZmiIfpsS ]cni Ωw \ntj[n s Sp XmWv:- 1. km[phmbpw \nbam\pkrxambpw Xncp w kzoicn p Xn\v k` \n t±in n p XS ߃ \ne\n s, \nbahncp ambn Xncp w kzoicn pi. hnizmkxymkw, ]mjfix, ioiva F o sx pifpw Cu KWØn s Sp hbmwv. Xncp kzoicwkabøv C mcy߃ clky ambncp ncn mw. Bcpw CtX n Adn n p m IpIbpan. F m Xncp kzoicwøn\p tijw Ch ]ckyamhpibmsw n Xncp Øns hn\ntbmkw XSbs Smw; 2. \nehnep hnhml_ tam, Xncp tam, ]cky \nxy{_ Ncy {hxtam hgn hnhmløn {]thin p Xn \n v XS s ncn p Ah kcøn hnhmlw \SØpI; 3. km[phmb hnhml_ w As n CtX XcØnep {hxtam D kv{xobpambn hnhmlw \SØphm (knhnƒ hnhmlw BsW n t mepw) {ian pi; 4. a\ q Δw \clxytbm K `On{Ztam \SØp Itbm ChbnteXnse nepw hy ambn klicn pitbm snøpi; 5. Xs Øs tbm as mcmsftbm KpcpX cambpw Zpcpt±iy]cambpw AwK`wKs SpØp Itbm BfllXy v {ian pitbm snøpi. 6. sa{xm ] tam sshzni] tam D h mbn kwhcww snøs ncn p Hcp I Ωw am v

36 X\n v {]kvxpx ] w C mxncp t mtgm Imt\m \ni in bm Xm AXns hn\ntbmkøn \n v hne s ncp t mtgm snbvxn p h tcbpw Xncp ßfpsS hn\ntbmkøn \n v XS bmhp XmWv (CIC.C.1044; CCEO. C.763). A\yÿeØv Ip m\ A n ptºmƒ ta d XS ßsfm pan mø sshzn I v Xncp Øns hn\ntbmkøn\v XS an s v hy amwv. F m A\yÿeØv Ip m\b WØn\v Bhiys Sp sshzni\v Xncp Øns hn\ntbmkøn\v XS ßfns v Dd phcpøww. CXn\v klmbn p tcjbmwv Celebret. ss{]h mbn Ip m\ A n ptºmƒ A]cnNnX\mb sshzni ss{]h mbn _en b n Wsat Bhiys Sp p psh n Xncn dnb tcj \njv jnt Xn. CXv A{X {][m\s Xmbn IW m s SWsa n F w. F m B sshzni XnI pw A] cnnnx\pw kwibmkv]zamb Np p]mspifps v hnimcn v txm pibpw snøp ] w Bhiy amb At\zjWw \SØn _enb WØn\v XS ßfns v Dd phcptø XmWv. ]cn]q ÆX {]m]n m ]ptcmlnx ISs hcmwv {InkvXp Xs injy mbn \n t±in ]cn ]q ÆX {]m]n m ]ptcmlnx {]txyi hn[øn ISs hcmwv. sszhp\tkh\øn \mbn \nxy]ptcmlnx\mb {InkvXphns IqSp X DØaßfmb D]IcWßfmbn Xocp Xn\pw APKWØn\v t{ijvtamb amxriifmbncn p Xn\pambn Ah Xncp Øm \hamb coxnbn sszhøn\v ISs ncn p hcmwv (CCEO.C.368). sszhhn\øn \n pw hn.ip _m\bn \n p amwt m Du w kzoicn v B ymflni Pohn XØn Ah hftc Xv. X qew F mznh khpw sshzni Ip _m\b n Wsa mwv k`bpss B{Klw. hntziøv t]miptºmƒ kz w cmpywhn v ]pdøpt]miptºmsg mw sshzni Xncn dnb tcj IqsSs m p t]mti XmWv. hnip \msv kμ in ptºmƒ Ip m \b nt kμ `ßfnepw tdmam\kcøn hnip Ip m\ A nt nhcptºmgpw AXp t]mse {][m\s Xo ms\ ti{μßfn Ip m\b nt nhcptºmgpsams sshzni cpss Xncn dnb tcj Bhiys Smdp v. Cu tcj ssihian møh v ta d ÿe ßfn Ip m\b n m\p A\phmZhpw \ntj[n s Smdp v. kz w cmpyøn\p n CØcw Xncn dnb tcj ]et mgpw Bhiyambn hcmdns nepw A]cnNnXamb ÿetø v t]miptºmƒ Cu tcj AXymhiyamWv. A]cn NnXcmb sshznicpss Xncn dnb Im Uv ]cntim [n p t_m ys m Ah v hn. Ip m\b n m th kuicy߃ snbvxpsimsp Wsa XmWv \nbaøns A Ø. klim ΩnI hn.ip m\b n m\p AhImiw sshzn I v D v F v ]dbptºmƒ AXv GXv A]cn NnX sszhmebønepw RmbdmgvN Ip _m\bv v {][m\ Im ΩnIt\msSm w klim ΩnI\mhpI F v AXn\ an. Nne kmlncyßfn A]cnNnX\mb sshznis\ klim ΩnI\mhm A\phZn p Xmbncn pw, Ahsc H bv v Ip _m\b n phm A\phZn p Xnt\ mƒ A`n ejwobw. Nne kmlncyßfn a v {IaoI cwßfpw sntø nht mw. DZmlcWambn, ticføn \n v tdmanseøp sshzni\v Ahn ssbp kplrøp fmb aebmfniƒ pth n kuicyamb kabøv aebmføn Ip m\ b n m\mbncn pw IqSpX Xm ]cyw. CShI hnimcnbpss AhImiw ChnsS A]cnNnX\mb sshzni RmbdmgvN 36 ImcpWnI am v 2012

37 Ip _m\bv v klim ΩnI\mIm\mWv hnimcn tbmsv Bhiys ncn p Xv. CXv A\phZn mt\m \nckn mt\m CShIhnImcn v AhIm iap v. \nckn ptºmƒ AXn\p hy amb ImcW߃ D mbncn Wsa pam{xw. hy amb ImcW߃ C msx CØcw A`y \Iƒ \nckn p Xv ]utcmlnxyiq mbvabv pw kl IcWØn\pw D]hn pw hncp amb \S]Snbmbn cn pw (CCEO.C.379;CIC.C.275). sszhimkv{x]camb {]m[m\yw IqZmiIƒ k`bpss HutZymKnImcm[\bmWv. AXpsIm v IqZmiIfpsS {]txyin v hn.ip _m \bpss ]cni Ωw k`bpss {]hrøn F \ne bn km[n p nstømfw ss{ikvxh hnizm knifpss kpoh`mk`mknxztømssbmbncn Wsa v k`m\nbaøn \njvi jn n p v. (CCEO.C.673; CIC.C.837/2). X qew hnizmknifpss kaqløn _enb n p sshznit\mssm w klim ΩnI\mbn _enb n m A\phZn Wsa A`y \bv v sszhimkv{x]camb {]m[m\yap v. cq]xm y s \n t±i߃ ]men s SWw. sshzni\v hn.ip _m\b n m\pw sszh hn\ {]tlmjøn\pw Xncp kzoicwøn eqss A[nImcw e`n p psh nepw Hmtcm cq] Xbnepw ChbpsS ]cni Ωw kw_ n v cq] Xm y \ Inbn p \n t±i߃ ]men t XmWv. ]utcmlnxyw kzoicn hy n IqZmiIfpsS ]cni ΩØn \n v XSbs n ns n At±lØn\v Znhkhpw hn. Ip _m \b n m\p AhImiap v. F m Hcp {]txyi CShIbpsS NpaXe hln p hnimcn CShIP\Øns kuicym w G s SpØn bncn p AP]me\{IaoIcW߃ am n adn m a v sshzni v AhImian. X Xmb ImcWßfps n hnizmknkaqltømssm w _enb n m\p A`y \ \nckn pibpw snømw. CShI hnimcnbpss NpaXeIƒ Hcp {]txyi CShIbnse Bflm fpss kwc Ww kz w CSbs\ t]mse `cta n s n p sshzni\mwv CShI hnimcn. Ip m \b WØns kab{iaw, BcmWv Ip _m \bv v Im ΩnIXzw hlnt Xv, BcmWv hn\ {]tlmjww \StØ Xv F o Imcy߃ Xocp am\n m\p A[nImcw CShI hnimcn p v. AP]me\]camb Xocpam\߃ ssis m p tºmƒ APKWßfpsS AhImi߃ kwc n s Sp ps v Dd phcpøpibpw thww. kab{iaw ]men msx Gsd t\cw {]kwkw ioeam nbn p hcpw, Ip m\b WØns AP]me\]camb Xocpam\߃ ssis m p tºmƒ APKWßfpsS AhImi߃ kwc n s Sp ps v Dd phcpøpibpw thww. kabw A\nb{ nxambn \o ns m v t]mhpi bpw, kz w {]iv\߃ AhXcn n v P\ßsf apjn n pibpw snøp hsc Xs CShI sszhm ebøn Znhy_enb n p Xn \n v \nb { n mhp XmWv. Cu Imcyßsf n hnimcn v hy amb Adnhp mbncn pibpw, AXns ASnÿm\Øn am{xw \nb{ W߃ G s Sp ØpIbpw snøphm ]msp q. tnmzyi Ømhv {]Xn]mZn n p A]cnNnX \mb sshzni IqZmiIƒ ]cni Ωw snøp Xn\v XS ßfp Bf møxn\m At±lsØ klim ΩnI\mtbm, AYhm GsX nepw kab Øv kz ambn Ip _m\b n mt\m A\phZn msa v am{xa A{]Imcw snøp Xn\v CShI hnimcn v ISabpap v. am v

38 IYm \ncq]ww A\pIcWßfpsS ]cnanxniƒ s{]m^. amxyp XmgtØ B[p-\nI Ime-L- -Øn kxy-øn\v kw`-hn- p ]ovm-\p-`-h-øns Nn{Xw hc p Im p hn. Zneo-]ns "anan{in', kv{xobpss Akz-X-{ Xbv v kv{xo Xs \nan-ø-am-ip- p-sh v Nq n- m- p t{kkn-bpss "hc-øvt]m v' F o IY-I-fmWv Cu e -Øn ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øp- -Xv kw `hn hsb am{xa kw`hn mhp h sb qsn ImWn pxcp h\mwv Iem Imc. AXpsIm mwv IemImcs\ {]hmni kz`mhap h\mbn ]cnkwn p Xv. Ihn {Im Z in F v `mcxob kmlnxykn m ßfpw ]d bp p v. {Im Z in F m IS p ImWp h, ap Iq n ImWp h Fs ms bmwv A am p Xv. kmwkv mcni \mbi mcmbn \mw IemImc msc AwKoIcn pibpw snbvxp hcp p. a\pjya\ n aqeyßfpss hnøp]min apf n v ^e{]m]vxnbnte v hf Øns m p hcphm Hcp IemImct\mfw as mcmƒ pw Ignb Wsa n. IemImc krjvsni ΩØn\pth n PohnXØns ]e kpjt`mkßfpw XyPn p h \mwv. henb [ym\ønt bpw a\\ønt bpw ]cnwx^eambn mwv ani krjvsnisf mw P sasp p Xv, F m C sø IemImcs PohnXw ImeØns ta C{Xhenb kzm[o\w t\sp psh v ]dbm\mhn. {]hmnizuxy tømss cn\bnte s Sp IemImc mcpss FÆw Ipd phcp p. ]etajebnepsa Xp t]mse kmaqlymhÿifpambn henbs]mcpø s SepIƒ v IemImc kzbw XømdmIp p v. ImfnZmks\ pdn v ap t»cn hntijn n Xp t]mse C sø FgpØpIm ImeØns Zmk mcmbn amdp p v. IemImc t\cnsp CØc samcp AkvXnXz{]iv\amWv 2012 am v 11 e Ønse amxr`qan BgvN Xn n hn. Zneo]v Fgp Xnb "anan{in' F IY AhXcn n p Xv. tpm i_vzm\picw IemImc\mWv. Adp] Øn\mep arkßfptsbpw ap nsøsb p ] nifp ssbpw P\\w, hf, CctXS XpSßnbp i_vz߃ Abmƒ A\pIcn pw. kn\nam cmjv {Sob tajeifnse {]ikvxcptsbpw i_vz߃ Abmƒ v hgßpw. Xncame hoip i_vzhpw ImSn\p Xo ]nsn p i_vzhpw a pw Abmƒ AhXcn n mdp v. {]] Ønse tiƒ s Xpw tiƒ m\ncn p Xpamb i_vzßfnte v ImXpIq n PohnXamWv tpm \bn p Xv. i_vz߃ p ]ndtibmwv AbmfpsS PohnXw. Ccp]sØ phb pimc\mb tpm sxmgn clnx\mwv. sat{smkn nbnse sslssiv F temuvpn kplrømb jaodns\m amwv tpm Xm meniambn Ct mƒ Xmakn p Xv. cm{xn bn tpmenign v apdnbnseøp jaodns\ 38 ImcpWnI am v 2012

39 ]m p]msntiƒ n pibpw i_vz߃ A\pIcn p tiƒ n pibpw snøpw tpm. tpmwns kn n sb jao AwKoIcn pibpw t{]m mln n p Ibpw snøpw. temuvpns FXn hiømbn kn\na kwhn [mbi lcn\μ\ Xmakn p p. sslss n se as mcp apdnbn Xmakn p Pb sim t m n lcn\μ\s ASpØ kn\nabn Ah kcw {]Xo n v Ignbp p. cm{xnbn henb H msv ti v Ah ]pdøndßn. chncmpv F AtUzt ns apdnbn \n mwv B i_vzw ti Xv. Pb simt m n F bmƒ ]d p. chncmpns apdnbn Hcp s]æp v. chncmpv ]pd Øndßn tpmwns\ t\m n ncn p. acptamfpw ` Ømhpw h n ps v ]dbpibpw snbvxp. snin ØSnbpsS i_vzw, AtΩ F Aedn c n Hs bpw i_vzßfpss t\sc ImXp Iq n p tpm ti p. chncmpns apdnbn \n pw GßeSnbpsS i_vzw Xmgv phcp Xv tpm a\ nem n. F mwv sntø sx XdnbmsX tpm Bi bnset msgm Ddßnt mbn. t\cw shfpøt mƒ chncmpns apdn ]pdøp \n pw ]q nbncn p p. \n wkx Hcp kndn n \nd v IpØnh Xpt]mse icocøn\v txm n. tpm Ct mƒ ho nemwv. jao t^m snbvxt mƒ ]d p. A sø ]ou\cm{xn {]amzamb ti kmbncn p p. t]meokv F mhtcbpw tnmzyw snbvxphcp p. t]meokv tnmzn m F p ]db Wsa pw jao ]d p. ""H pw Adnbn. H pw ti n '' samgniƒ Hcpt]msebmhm Aßs\ ]dbww. B[p\nI ImeL Øn kxyøn\p kw`hn p ]oum\p`hamwv Cu IY AhXcn n p Xv. IemImc kmaqlymhÿifpss ASnabm bncn p p. \ΩpsS kaq-l-øn kw`-hn- p sx pip ߃ v \msa mw DØc hmznifmip p v. IemImcs \njv{inbxzw AhXcn n p IY BJym\Øns bpw hnjbønt bpw ]pxpasim v Ht sd {i n s Sp p. s^an\nãv BibßfpsS I ikzcw sndp IYIfn tiƒ n FgpØpImcnbmWv t{kkn. ]pcpj \n ΩnXtemIsØ {]Xntcm[n v kv{xobp ss kzxz]p\ \n ΩnXnbmWv IYmcN\bneqsS Ah e yan Xv. ]e s^an\nãv FgpØpImcn Ifnepw \ne]mspam w Zriyambncp p am v e w "Krle van'bn t{kkn FgpXnb "hcøv t]m v' F IY kv{xobpss AkzX{ -Xbv v kv{xo Xs \nanøamip psh v kqnn n p p. AΩ `mkhxw hmbn p p. ]pdøv ais ImapInbmbncp tamwmenk F kv{xobpss Bflmhv ap Øp \n p p. ais hnhml hm Ø Adn Ah temdnbv Snbn s SpI bmbncp p. ai s]æpimwm t]mip Xns Xte v AhtfmSv Cdßnhcm ]d ncp p. X\n v Xmsg c \ppønam D XpsIm v Ah ƒ Xømdmbn. tamwmenk acn Xdn v ai sh and msx InS psh pw C\n CXnse Np n nbm XInSv Xømdm n hbv psa pw AΩ AhtfmSv ]d p. Xm \{kmwnbmbxpsim v XInsSm pw Xs _m[n ns v Ahƒ adp]sn ]d p. ai \ns hnhmlw Ign ncps n ]ctemipohnxw t]mepw \jvsamipambncps pw AΩ ]d p. Ahsf ]n Xncn n phm `mkhxw hmbn p Xp ti v Ae pxncn Bflmhn\p tam w In nb IYIqSn AΩ ]d p. AXptI v Bflmhv Xncn pt]mbn. kv{xobpss kzmx{ yøn\v Adnhn mbvabpw BNmcm\pjvTm\ßfpsa mw FXncmsW [z\nbmwv IYbnep Xv. \q m piƒ ]g ap kmaqlnils\sb ]n XpScpIbmWv kpjpohn XØn\p hgn F sfdwnbmwv Cu IY P\n n p Xv. am v

40 IhnXm \ncq]ww AXn-Po-h-\-Øns KmY s{]m^. txmakv ]mdbv \nxym- -Im-c-Øn \n p AXn-Po-h-\-Øns t\ m-gvn-iƒ ]I p-xcp hnp-b-e- van-bpss "Bg-Øn ' (amxr-`q-an s^{_p-hcn e w) F Ihn-X-sbbmWv Cu e -Øn ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øp- -Xv. A Xn-Po-h-\-Øns KmY-bmWv hnp-b-e- vanbpss Bg-Øn F Ihn-X. amxr-`q-anbpss 2012 s^{_p-hcn e -Øn-emWv IhnX hmbn- m Ign-bp- -Xv. AXn-Po-h-\-Nn- -Iƒ s m w Poh-Pm-e-߃ t\sn-sb-sp- p kzxz-ip- n-bpss IqSn Bem-]-\-amWv Ihn-X. Pohs D ]Øn Pe-Øn-em-Wt m? IS-ens ASn-Ø- n- `qan kq n- n-cn- p NpSp-tem-l-{ZmhIw Dd- p-iq-snb Ipg-ep-Iƒ D v; Cu Ipg-ep- I-fpsS Np p-h- -ßfn- IÆp-Iƒ C mø ]e-xcw Pohn-I-fpw. Nne snωo-\p-ifpw CØ-c-Øn s] h-bm-wv. hf -bpss BZyL -ß-fn Ptem-]-cn- X-e-Øn Ign-bp Ch cq]-]-cn-wm-a-]q Øn-bnse-Øp-tºmƒ ASn-Ø- nse 450 Un{Kn sk jykv NqSn sn p-] n Ahn-SpsØ \nxy A -Im-c- Øn Ign-tb- n-h-cp- p. AtXmsS Ah-bpsS IÆp-Ifpw \jvs-s -Sp- p. A -Im-c-Øns \Sphn Ccpƒ {Kkn t\{x-ß-tfmss Ign-bpI F Xv Ah-bpsS \ntbm-k-ambnøocp- p. \nxym- -Im-c-Øns \Sp-hn-ep Cu PohnXw AXn-Po-h-\-Øn-t -Xm-Wv. ]pi-xp- p Ipg-ep-Iƒ -cnti Pohn-Xw, simspwnqsn \Sp-hn-ep PohnXw AXn-Po-h-\-a{ w snm n-bp- -Xm-Wv. Poh-im-kv{X- am v \nxy-iu-xp-i-im-cn-bmb AXn-Po-h-\- Øns ]mt-߃ Ah Icp-Xn-h- n-cn- p- p; Poh s D -Øn-bn-te v \bn- m-hp ]mt-øns Icp-X. Bg- -S-ens Bt -b-ta-j-e-i-fn Is Øn-s m- n-cn- p AXn-Po-h-\-Øns \nxy-hn-kva-b-ß-fn-ep IpSn-bn-cn- p-isf Ihn-bpsS kq va-\n-co- W-k-a -amb `mh-\-bn hf Øn-sb-Sp- p- -XmWv "Bg-Øn ' F Ihn-X. A -Im-cm-hr-X-amb ASn-Ø- n-em-bn-cn- p IÆp-]q- nb snωo Xs A -cw-k-øn ]q Δ- Im-e-ß-fn-te v IpXn- p-i-bm-wv. I \n-d- t m I q ] p-rm, ta Ø- n-s\, Fs mcp N w, i_vzw, hk w, Pothm- -hw. hnim-e-amb IS-ens ta -c- n-em-bn-cp- -t mƒ X n \nd- msnb Pothm- -h-øns ki-e- `m-h-i-_-f-xbpw CXm Ae-b-Sn- p-b-cp-i-bm-wv. ta Ø- ns \b-\m-`n-cm-anxzw C pw X\n v \jvss - n- n-. AhnsS \nd p \n n-cp N w Nm Ønb hk- -Im-e-`w-Kn-Iƒ Iqºn-b-S IÆp-Ifn Ct mgpw \jvs-s -Sm-Xn-cn- p- p. F nepw ta -S-ens \oxn-bnse ]mcp-jyßfpw hnkvar-x-a-. Iq Øv ] p-fn-t]mse X nem-gv n-d-ßnb IS \oxn ssiøq- n-t -Xm-Wv. 40 ImcpWnI am v 2012

41 A\p-tbm-Py-am-b-Xns\ am{xw Ah-ti-jn- n- p imkv{x-øns \oxn I -j-]q-cn-x-am-wv. IS hocy-øns cq m-hn-jv m-c-amwv. Adn-hn asp- m-se ]q Δ-tIm-i-߃ t`zns mcp-\mƒ, ]q Æm-Imcw ]q p-rm-\p-w -t mƒ IÆp-Iƒ th m-øxmw ISpw Iqcn-cp- t m ssi]n-sn-t n teml pspnnωn-\n-t m- n. ta Ø- n \n v Iqcn-cp pw simspw NqSpw \nd NnΩn-\n- p-h- n FØn-bXv Adn-hns \ndhn-ep ]cn-wm-a-am-bn-cp- p. ]q Æm-Imcw {]m]n- -t mƒ Adn-hp-Iƒ s\dn-hp-i-fmbn cq]-s -Sp-Ibpw snøp- p. A n-bn kv]psw snø-s -Sp kz Æw, X\n-Ø- -ambn cq]m- -c-s -Sp `mhm-fl-i-{]-{inb AXmWv Xncn- -dn-hn-se-ønb ]q Æ-X-bpsS \n\- hp-iƒ. IÆp-Iƒ A{]-k- -amb simspw Iqcn-cp- n Ign-bp Xm Bg-ß-fn-se-Øn-bn-cn- p p F Xncn- -dn-hmwv AXn-Po-h-\-Øns {]Y-a-]m-Tw. Bgß-fn a -c-øns t]m ho-cy-ß-fn-. AhnsS az-øns Cf-In-a-dn-b-en-. t{im[-øns thentb- hpw then-bn-d- -hp-an-. Bbp-[-ß-fpsS cnwjw \mz-hp-an-. hmnm-tsm-]-ß-fpss s]cpw-]s- p-ifn. F mw X\n v {]im- -X-bmbv ]cn-w-an- n-cn- p- p. im -X-am-{X-amWn v ioew. kuay-x-bpssbpw im -X-bp-sSbpw kwkvimcw Xfw si n \n p- n-s-amwv Bgw. ta -S Ae-dn- p-xn- t ; CfIn adn-bt ; Iq Xnc-am-e-Iƒ Ah-bpsS Du w {]tlm-jn- s. hepxv sndp-xns\ Bl-cn- -t. sndpxv hep-xn-\p- n Zln- -t. hep-xns Z -tømsv AXns\ hoin- n-sn- p- -h FXn-cn-St. ÿehpw Imehpw C v X\n v A{]-k- -am-wv. apßn- - -ep-iƒ ImgvNIƒ I v Ae- p-sim- t. Rm \n m-c-øns \ng-emb Aev]-{]m-Wn-am-{Xw. Bgn-bpsS AI-Ø- nse A -]m-zp-i-ß-fn Ignbp Xp -Po-hn-bm-Wv Rm. C p -Rm \n w-k- Xsb hcn- n-cn- p- p. Ccpfpw ]Iepw IS- mø Cu Iqcn-cp- n Rm h p-s]- Xv alm-`m-ky-ambn. IÆp-amt Sw hmgq sas \niq\y-øns Nn- n h p-zn-t q a\p-[ym-\-øns \oew: C p Xm kz -am- n-bn-cn- p im X A\p- [ym-\-øns \oen-a-bn-te v Db-cm-\p Ah-kc-am-Wv. Bg-ß-fn \n v [ym\m-fl-i-x-bpss \oehn-lm-b- n-te- - p IpXn- n\v hgn-sbm-cpßnb-xn B\-μn- p-i-bmwv Ic-Wo-b-am-bn- p- -Xv. {]im- - X-bnte [ym\-øns ]c-tim-sn-bn-te v Db-cm-\mhq F Dƒ mgvn Bflo-b-X-bp-sSbpw auxn-i-x-bpssbpw kq va-a-fi-e-ß-fn FØm X\n v Imc-W-ambn. sfiz-cy-]q Wn-a-bpsS \oe-n-{i-hmf-߃ AI- -Æp-I-fn Z in- p-hm Xs {]m]vx-\m- n-bxv _mly-t\-{x-߃ v kw`-hn A -X-bm-Wv. A -X-bn \n v Dƒ -Æns Xpd-hn-bn-te v F ]mtw Ihn-X-bp-tSXv Xs. C ns A -Po-hn-X-Øns t\c-dn-bm Ignbp sh n-\- {Xw B -cn-i-ambn sxfnbpsa ip``mh-øn-emwv Ihn-X-bpsS hne-bw. A -Im-c- Øn \n v {]Im-i-{]-Np-cn-a-bn-te- p hy n- Po-hnX]cn-h Ø-\-Øns `mh-km-\-ambn AXn-Poh-\-Øns IhnX amdp-i-bm-wv. Poh\w AXn-Po-h- \-Øn-te v hgn-am-dp- p. AXn-Po-h-\-]m-T-߃ hy n v al-xz-øn-te- p IpXn- m-bn-øo-cp `mhm-fl-i-x-bpss Du -amwv Ihn-X-bn Xfw si n \n p Xv. A -Im-c-Ønse simspwnqsnepw AXn-Po-h\w `mhm-flikø-bmbn cq]-s -Sp Ihn-I Ωw km[p-hm-wv. am v

42 {]XnIcn p hnizmkw X Øns ASbmfw tum. amxyp C Øp]dºn tamd XntbmfPn s{]m^k, awke pg {InkvXp-hns\ Np n- n hnhm-zhpw X hpw Db p-h-cp-tºmƒ ss{ikvxhcpw k`bpw Ah-tbmSv {]Xn-I-cn-t - Xv Fß-s\-bmWv? IΩyq-WnÃp hnπh-im-cn-i-fp-ss-iqss {InkvXp-Nn{Xw {]Xn-jvTn Xns bpw Xncp-h-Øm-g-Im q-wns bpw ] m-ø-e-øn Hct\z-j-Ww. ` \mb inatbms \mhp s]m mbn. F p \mƒ {]mbap mbncp iniphn\v Cutim sb t]cn Znhkw inatbm {]hnn p: Ch X Øns ASbmfambncn pw (eq 2: 34). Ahs\s m nbp HSpßmØ X Øns XcwKßfnsem v ticfønepw ASpØ ImeØv h pt]mbn. hnπh ph ps mcp cm{ ob {]ÿm\w hnπhimcnifpssiqss {InkvXphns\ {]XnjvTn Xpw A yaømgøns Im q ]Xn pambncp p ChnsS X hnjbambxv. {InkvXob kaqløn\iøp\n pw ]pdøp \n pw CtX pdn v Ht sd {]XnIcWßfp mbn. B Znhkßfnep mb {InkvXob {]Xn IcW߃ hnhmzøns XncsbmSpßnb Cu t\cøv Xpd hnebncpøepiƒ A ln p p v. {]XnIcWßfnse {InkvXpkv] iw {InkvXphns\{]Xnbp \ΩpsS {]XnIcW ßfn {InkvXob ssienbp mtb Xocq. {Inkv Xphns\ {]Xntcm[n pi F e ytømsp IqSnb {]XnIcWßfpw Ahs aqeyk ev] tømsp tncww F v {InkvXphn\v \n _ ap v. AXpsIm mwv Ahs\ kwc n m\mbn hmfphoinb ]t{xmkns\ Cutim XncpØp Xv (aøm. 26: 52). {InkvXphns\ Nph hnπhimcn IfpsSIqsS FÆp Xv hnizmkniƒ AhKWn piftb Imcya. ImcWw, {InkvXphns\ IayqWnÃv hnπhimcnifpss \ncbn {]Xn jvtn p Xv {InkvXpktμihpw am Ivknkhpw XΩn hyxymkßfn F {]XoXn kr n pw. AXpsIm v {InkvXobXbpw am Ivknkhpw XΩn FhnsSb mw AIep p, Fs mw Imcy ßfn ]q ÆhyXymkap v Fs mw hy am m k`mkaqløn\p ISabp v. CXmIs I Ømhns\ IayqWnÃpIq Øn \n v c n s Sp m th nb ; a\pjycn {]txyin v {InkvXob hnizmknifn sx n mcwiƒ D m ImXncn m th nbmwv. axhnizmksø FXn pibpw ]e \mspi fn ss{ikvxhsc ]oun n pibpw snbvx Hcp cm{ ob {]ÿm\w {InkvXp sim mw, Bsfmcp hnπhimcnbmwv F a n Ahs\ kz am m t\m p Xv B {]ÿm\øns cm{ ob ]m cøamwv. As n ap hogvniƒ G p ]d v axhnizmktømsp ]gb \ne]mspiƒ XncpØp Xv ImWm\mhWw. AXn møxp sim v CsXmcp XmXvImenI AShp\bw am{x 42 ImcpWnI am v 2012

43 amsw v B pw a\ nem mhp txbp q. CsXms hy amt Xpw {]XnIcnt Xpw {][m\ambpw ChnSpsØ cm{ ob{]ÿm\ß fmwv. ss{ikvxh {]tlmjn p CutimbpsS hy nxzøns sxfnhv s]mxpkaqlw Z in t Xv ss{ikvxhcpss PohnXssienbnepw {]XnIcWßfnepamWv. sszhw kvt\lamsw ktμihpw \maxv {]ISn n p ssienbpw XΩn s]mcpøw thww. sszhw kvt\lam sw v sxcphnendßn Bt{Imin m\mhn. sszhw kvt\lamsw v F mhtcmspw kvt\l tømsstb ]dbm\mhq. {InkvXp kvt\løns hnπhimcnbmsw v ap nnpcp n FXncmfnIsf `ojwns SpØpwhn[w hnfn p]dbm Ignbn. {InkvXpNn{X߃ Ncn{X]pcpj\mb Cutimsb ImemImeß fn a\pjy ]excøn AhXcn n n p v. AXn\v a p h v kzmx{ yan F v \ap v ]dbm\mhn, {]txyin pw Hcp _lpkzc kaq løn. Cutimsb Ncn{X]pcpj GsX n epw axkaqløns kz amsw pw ]dbm\m hn ; ]t Cutimsb pdn p {InkvXob hnizmkw ss{ikvxh pam{xw kz amwv. Ahs\ Bt ]n p kmlncyw Xo bmbpw hnizmknisf thz\n n pw; C mcyøn hnizm kniƒ v XßfpsS \ne]msdnbn m\pw kzmx { yap v. F m CXnep]cn, {InkvXphns\ \mam{kln mø coxnbn a\ nem pitbm Nn{XoIcn pitbm snøp hsc ` n pibpw sh phnfn pibpw Ah s Xntc sxcphnend ßpIbpw snøp Xv F pam{xw {InkvXobam sw v BtemNn m\p v. Ncn{X]pcpj\mb Cutimsb XßfpsS kui cya\pkcn v ]e axßfpw {]ÿm\ßfpw hy n Ifpw a\ nem pibpw hymjym\n pibpw Nn{Xo Icn pibpw snbvxn p v. ap masø tzhmebw ]Wnbpw (Fk n. 37: 26 28), kie blqztcbpw Ah C{kmtben Hcpan piq pw (Giø 43: 5 6) XpSßnb ss nƒ {]hn\߃ ]q Øn bm møxpsim v blqz Cutimsb hcm \ncp aninlmbmbn ImWp n. C mwaxw Cutimsb Hcp {]hmni\mbn mwv ImWp Xv; Ah Ipcnin acn n n F pw Ah hniz kn p p. btlmhkm nifn Nnesc nepw Cutimsb apjyzqx\mb anjmtb Bbn mwv IcpXp Xv. bpssw Uv s] timã kaql Øn\v Cutim kz ÿ\mb ]nxmhpambn hyxym kan mø `qanbnse Ahs ]Xn pam{xamwv. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (Moscow, 1952) F {KŸØn Cutim F Xes n\p Xmsg am v

44 tihew c p hcnam{xwhcp Hcp JfinIbn Cutimsb hntijn n p Xv {InkvXpaXØns Iev]nX ÿm]i F mwv. Cutim Pohn ncp n n F v {]Ncn n p hcpw temiøn ep v. Cu \ne]mspisfm pw {InkvXob hnizmktømtsm ItØmen m]mcºcytømssm tn pt]mip hb. ]t AXns t]cn ss{ikvxhk` ChtcmsS mw ]S pd msv \S Ømdn ; Aßs\ snbvxmexv bp nklambn cn pibn ; k`bpss ]mcºcyøn\pw \nc p XmhpIbn. ImcWw, axxo{hhmzøns sndp ]Xn mwnxv. F m {InkvXob kapløn\iøv hnizmk {`wißfp mhptºmƒ k` AXv XncpØmdp v; hn. {KŸØn\pw k`m]mcºcyøn\pw hncp amb \ne]msssp p h k`mkaqløn\p ]pdømsw v k` {]Jym]n mdpap v. AXv th XpamWv. {InkvXob Acq]nbn Pzen p hy nifpw kaqlßfpamwv {InkvXp hns FXncmfnIƒ p icnbmb adp]sn hnhmzønse km[yxiƒ Cutimsb pdn v cm{ ob cwkøv Db p h hnhmzw hmkvxhøn ticf ss{ikvx h v henb km yxifmwv Xpd n Xv. Cutim bpss hy nxzsø pdn pw [ ΩsØ pdn pw s]mxpkaqlw {i n m CSbmb {]txyi kμ `ambncp p AXv. CutimbpsS cm{ ob \ne]mspisf pdn pw s]mxp{]k nsb pdn pap kwhmzhpw N mkμ `hpam n AXns\ am m \ap v Ign n. {InkvXphns ktμiøns cm{ obhpw kmºønihpamb ImenI {]k n s]mxpkaqløns {i bn sim phcm\p \ AhkcamWv \ap v \ s Xv. \ΩpsS hnizmkhnjbhpw \ap v sszh]p{x\pamb {InkvXphns\ F mhcpw Aß s\ IcpXns m Ww F v \ap v itn m\m hn. ]t Ah\n hnizkn møh pw {i m lamb ktμiw Ah\p v. AXv kpxmcy am m\p thznifmwv {InkvXphns\ Np n n Db phcp X ߃. Cutimsb A[nt ]n p h s Xnscbp Xo{h {]XnIcWß fn \ΩpsS {i HXpßnbXpaqew Cu hnhmzw sim ph km[yxiƒ \ap v {]tbmp\s Sp Øm Ign n. k`bpw {InkvXphpw X Øns ASbmfß fmbn amdp kμ `߃ C\nbpap mipw. \nkm cßfmb Bt ]ßsf AhKWn m\pw AYhm ]cnkwn m\p htbmsv A lamb KuchtØm ssam{xw {]XnIcn m\pap ]mix hnizmkkaq løn D mti Xp v. H mtemnn m, GXm\pw h jßfmbn IaypWnkw F v G hpw IqSpX tiƒ p Xv ItØmen mthznifn \n mbncn p p. IaypWnksØ ]d p]d p FXn p Xphgn \ntj[mfliambn msw nepw \maxn\v ]ckyw simspøpsim ncn p ÿn XnbmWp Xv. FXn s ts hnjbßtfmsp kao]\øn A\pIcWm lamb ]IzXbpw IcpXepamWv ]cnip knwlmk\w ]pe Ømdp Xv F Xpw \mw {i nt Xp v. {InkvXob Acq]nbn Pzen p hy nifpw kaqlßfpamwv {InkvXphns FXncmfnIƒ p icnbmb adp]sn. AXn\v kphntijm\p krxhpw AXphgn {InkvXptI{μoIrXhpamb PohnXssiensb n k` IØv \nc cw ]db s ts Xp v. AXpt]mse k`bpss FXncmfnI tfmsv kw`mjwøns bpw kwhmzøns bpw km[n p nsøv klicwøns bpw kao]\w \mw kzoicnt Xp v. ]t Cu k`mssi en v "BscSm' F ntßm v tnmzn ptºmƒ "Fs Sm' F tßm v tnmzn p Xns hodpw ]ncnapdp hpw Bƒ q P\yamb elcnbpw H pw txm pibn. AXßs\tb hcq. ImcWw Ipcnin acn tijw aq mw\mƒ Dbn Øht XmWv k`. 44 ImcpWnI am v 2012

45 tbmkkm[\ ] abtimiw ^m. sskpp XpcpØnbn M.Sc. (Yoga), PG Diploma in Yoga Therapy ZnhyImcpWy B{iaw, ss{iãv tbmk dn{so v sk, Xm n pg, ImeSn: `mcxøns Bflobkm[\bmbncp tbmkkm[\sb ]cnnbs SpØm\pw efnxambn ]cnioen n m\pap ]cn{iaamwv Cu ]w n. \ \ΩpsS icocsø Abhp Xm n am m \p \nch[n ]cnioe\ßfneqss \mw IS pt]mbn. Ct mƒ \ΩpsS icocw tbmkmk\ ßfnte v {]thin m k ambncn p p. AXn\p ap ]v a\ nemt Hcp ImcyamWv ] ab timiw. tbmkmimkv{x{]imcw timi߃ F v hnti jn n mhp A v icocßfmemwv a\pjy hy ncq]ønemhp Xv. Ahsb bym{iaw A abtimiw, {]mwab timiw, at\mab tim iw, hn m\ab tim iw, B\μabtImiw F nßs\ hnfn mw. Cu A v Xeßfnep mip Xmf ngiƒ Fßns\ tcmk߃ v ImcWamIp psh pw tbmk ]cnioe\øn eqss Ahsb Fßs\ ]cnlcn msa pw Xmsg hnhcn p p. 1. A ab timiw `uxni temiønse hyxykvx LSIßfn \n pw cq]wsim n p `uxni icocamwv A abtimiw. Blmc]Zm ßfmWv Ahsb ]cnt]mjn n p Xv. ] abtimißfn h v C{μnb {Kmlyamhp Xv A ab timiamwv. P\\w, hf, ]cnwmaw, Po ÆX, acww F nh CXns {]txyixifmwv. B {]txyixiƒ kzbw A\p`hn m\pw a p h v I dnbm\pw Ignbpw. kmxzni ` Ww (Acn, tkmxºv, dmkn, F mxcw ] dn Ifpw ]gh ßfpw, Ingßv h ߃, \mc ßmsh w, tx, tamcpw sh w XpSßnbh) j Uv{InbIƒ, tbmkm k\߃, tbip \akv mcw (kqcy\akv mcw) F nhbpss Nn bmb ]cnioe\w A ab timiønep mhp tcmkßsf \nb{ n m am v

46 \pw ian n m\pw tcmk{]xntcm[ tijn h n n m\pw klmbn pw. 2. {]mwabtimiw `uxni icocøns {]h Ø\Øn\v AXy mt] nxamb Du t{kmx mwv {]mwob timiw. kq vvaicocøn, {]mw, A]m\, kam\, hym\, DZm\ F o A v Du ßfmemWv CXv cq]wsim n p Xv. i_vzw, {]Imiw, sshzypxn XpSßnb Du ßtf mƒ AXnkq vahpw Du \nba߃ XoXhp amwv {]mw. A ab timiønse Hmtcm X p hnte pw {]mw Hcpt]mse {]hln ptºm gmwv {]kvxpx timi߃ v ssnx\yhpw ku Jyhpw e`n pi. \mw ap ]v I izk\ ]cnioe\߃ F mw {]mwab timiønse A]mIXIƒ ]cnlcn phm DXIp p. 3. at\mabtimiw Nn IfpsSbpw hnimcßfpssbpw kwkaamwv a\ v. cmptbmk kn m {]Imcw {]amww, hn] cybw, hni w, \n{z, kvarxn F A v hyxy kvx `mhßfp v a\ n\v. a\pjya\ nepbcp XcwK߃ \pkrxambn kpjßtfm ZpxJßtfm D mhp p. at\ma\timiønse Al mcw (CutKm) F XeamWv hnimc߃ v B[mcw. ChbmWv a\pjys kie B\μ߃ pw, B[nIƒ pw aqeiw. a\pjya\ ns D nse BibßfmWv `qcn] w tcmkßfpw krjvsn p Xv. at\mab timiønep mip {]iv\ ߃ [ym\øneqss (Meditation) ]cnlcn m Ignbpw. ZnhyImcpWy ` n, at\mab timi Øns ]q WX v AXymhiyamWv. 4. hn m\ab timiw _p nbpssbpw m\øns bpw XeamWv hn m\abtimiw. GsXmcp ImcyØns bpw bym {]IrXw _p n hniie\w snøpibpw AXns ASnÿm\Øn at\mab timisø \bn pibpw snøp p. tihew \ΩpsS hnimc hnnmc߃ ]cn[n hn v t]mimsx kq n p XeamWv hn m\ab timiw. CXmWv a\pjys\ arkßfn \n pw th Xncn p Xv. AWapdn hnimc߃ B[nIƒ pw hym[niƒ pw hgn sbmcp pw. bym amb Iu kenwkv, \ mkpiƒ, icnbmb hmb\, Adnhv F nh hn m\ab timiøns {]h Ø\Øn\v klmbiamwv. 5. B\μab timiw B\μw, kt mjw kam[m\w, im X XpS ßnbh {]ISamIp Xv Bflmhns Xeamb B\μab timiønemwv. Rm Bflmhpw IqSn bmwv F Nn bneqss tbmkn v k Δhym ]nbpw, k Δi \pamb sszhøn hnizkn v Pohn m Ignbp p. AtXmsS am\pjniamb kie ]ncnapdp ßfpw BIpeXIfpw, Awlw `mhhpw ]mss AI v ]cn]q Æ Bflim n ssihcp p. CXmWv \n hni ]amb Ahÿ. Hcp ss{ikvxh\v kzÿxbnte pw sszhm {ibønte pw IS phcm Cu hgnifpw Gsd klmbn pw. C\n \Ωƒ tbmkmk\ßfnte v {]thin p IbmWv. ÿnchpw kpjichpambxmwv Bk\w. atbmss Zo Lkabw ]cnioent H v. {]IrXntbmSv XmssfIyØn Pohn Ejnam, tzh`h\ønse ]q sf v hntijn s Sp Ip nisfbpw AhcpsS P kn amb hymbmaß sfbpw \nco n psim mwv Bk\߃ imkv {Xobambn t{imuoicn Xv. ]q tδmøm\mk\w: Zo Lt\cw ap t]m v Ip\n ncp v tpmen snøp BfpIƒ ]pdsø t]inifn A\p`h s Sp ImTn\yhpw thz\bpw AI m th n ]ndtim v ssiiƒh v \s pw Acs pw Db Øn hen v \nh Ømdp v. a\pjys kzm`mhn Iamb Cu imcocni{inbtbmsv kam\x ]pe Øp XmWv ]q tδmøm\mk\w. icocøns ]q Δ`mKØv \ hen n e`n p XpsIm mwv Cu Bk\Øn\v ]q tδmøm\mk\w F t]cv e`n Xv. 46 ImcpWnI am v 2012

47 KpW߃: icocøn\v apgph Hcp hen n e`n p p. txmfpiƒ ssiimepiƒ, Acs v F nh i ns Sp p. \Sphv thz\ amdp p. c Nw{IaWw h n p p. t]inifpss kwxpe\mhÿ kwpmxamip p. ]cnanxniƒ: txmsf n\v ÿm\{`wiw kw` hn h Cu Bk\w ]cnioen cpxv. sntø hn[w: 1. Nn{Xw 1 ImWp Xpt]mse {]mcw` ÿnxnbnte v hcni. 2. ssi Øn icocøn\p ]n n \neøpd n p hbv pi. ssihn cepiƒ ]pdtim v Xncn ncn Ww. Nn{Xw 1 3. izmkw D n te v FSpØpsIm v Nn{Xw 2 ImWp Xpt]mse Acs v Ignbp {X Db ØpI. D q n \neøv ]Xn ncn Ww. ]mz߃ tn Øv hbv pi. Im ap piƒ hfbcpxv. icocw ew_ambncn Ww. Nn{Xw 2 4. Cu \nebn 10 hsc FÆp kabw \ne \n pi. 5. izmkw D nte v FSp pibpw ]pdtø v hnspibpw snøww. Hcn epw izmkw ]nsn p hbv cpxv. 6. Cu \nebn XpScptºmƒ, DZc`mKØpw, ]pdw `mkøpw, ssiifnepw izmtkmozmkønepw {i n pi. 7. AXn\ptijw kmhimiw Acs v XmgvØn, {]mcw` ÿnxnbnte v hcni (Nn{Xw 1). 8. hn{iaøn\ptijw ho pw Bh Øn pi. Cu {]mhiyw 20 hsc FÆpI. Aßs\ kabw Iq n q n ]cnioe\øn Bgs SpI. hy n PohnXØn hcp AXnibn n p hyxymk ߃ a\ nem n tbmkmpohnxøn \ap v \ne\n mw. "\n߃ Fs kvt\løn \ne\n phn ' (tbml. 15:9). Karunikan Statement of Ownership and Other Particulars about Newspaper (Monthly) 1. Place of Publication : MCBS House, Perumanoor P.O, Kochi , Kerala. 2. Periodicity of its publication : Monthly Language : Malayalam 3. Printer s Name : Fr. Jacob Naluparayil Nationality : Indian Address : MCBS House, Perumanoor P.O, Kochi , Kerala. 4. Publisher s Name : Fr. Jacob Naluparayil Nationality : Indian Address : MCBS House, Perumanoor P.O, Kochi , Kerala. 5. Editor s Name : Fr. Jacob Naluparayil Nationality : Indian Address : MCBS House, Perumanoor P.O, Kochi , Kerala. 6. Name and Address of the Individuals who own the newspaper : Fr. Jacob Naluparayil, MCBS House Perumanoor P.O, Kochi , Kerala. I, Fr. Jacob Naluparayil, hereby declare that the particulars given above are true to the best of my knowledge and belief sd/- Publisher am v

48 ]pkvxi]cnnbw sk v txmakv C C Uy {]km[i : Hmdnb C Ãn yq v Hm^v dnen Pob kv ÃUokv t]pv : 328 hne : ` 160 sk v txmakv C C Uy spbnwkv ]pen-bp-dp-ºn txmam«olmbpss `mcxønse t{]jnx{]h Ø\w hnhcn p {KŸw. txmam-«olm C y bn c v t{]jnxbm{xifmwv \SØnbXv. H v AD 42\pw 48\pw CSbv v A sø ]m nbm cmpyøns `mkamb hst C ybnepw, c ma tøxv, AD 52\pw 72\pw CSbv v sxt C y bnepw. kpdnbm\n, {Ko v, eøo k`m]nxm mcpss hnhn[ {KŸßsf Bkv]Zam nbp Hcp ]T\amWnXv. 1 mw \q m nse `mcxønse {][m\] W߃, kmºøni kmaqlyÿnxn F nh Cu ]pkvxiøn {]Xn-]m-Zn- p- p. txmam«olm am{xamwv tdmam km{ampyøn\v ]pd Øv kphntij {]NcWw \SØnbXv. Cu t{]jnx h j-øn «olm \SØnb t{]jnx{]h Ø\ sø pdn v ]Tn pi Ah-k-tcm-Nn-X-am-Wv. {]km[i : aounbm lukv t]pv: 224 hne: ` 120 A o nbnse sim p-]q- ƒ samgn-am w: tum. txmakv Xptº- -d-ºn temincn-{x-øns A px {]Xn-`m-k-ambn amdnb hn. {^m kn-kns PohnX IYm-Jym-\-amWv C m-en-b `mj-bn hnc-nn-x-amb "^ntbm-tdøn (Fioretti)' "A o-kn-bnse sim p-]q- ƒ'. Cu m n- IrXn lrz-b-kv] in-bmb BJym-\-ssien-bn samgn-am w \S-Øn-bn-cn- p-i-bm-wn-hnss. aqe-i-y-bn \n v km[mcw mcmb Bfp-Iƒ CjvS-s -Sp kw`-h-ßfpw hnh-c-w-ßfpw tijcn mwv Cu {KŸw samgn-am w \S-Øn-bn-cn- p- Xv. Ihn-X-bpsS `mh-\bpw IYmIY\Øns HmP pw at\m-l-c-amb ssienbpw HØp tn IrXn. Ffn-abpw emfn-xyhpw kmtlm-z-cyhpw apj-ap- {Z-bm n kzpo-hnxw Xs kphn-ti-j-am n am nb B {]Im-i-[m-c-bpsS Inc-W-߃ Cu IrXnbn-eqsS \sω h p ]p Ipw. 48 ImcpWnI am v 2012

49 ac߃, sszhøns {]XnOmb߃ tum. tdmkn Xºn ss{ikvxh kmlnxy kanxn t]pv: 95, hne: ` 60 ]cnip {XoXzØnepw Xncp pspw_ønepw ^m. h okv timsn Hmdnb C Ãn yq v Hm^v dnen Pob kv ÃUokvv t]pv: 375 hne: ` 160 {]IrXnbn sszhøns {]XnOmb Xncn dnbp A t\zjw bm{xbpss km^ eyhpw B\μhpw ] phbv p [ym\ hnnn \ß fpss kamlcamwv tum. tdmkn XºnbpsS Cu ]pkv XIw. kv{xobpw ]pcpj\pw ]c kv]cw A\\ycmbn {]IrXn sbbpw sszhsøbpw Dƒ s m v Pohn p Hcp kz cmpysø FgpØpImcn Xs tej\ßfneqss A\mhcWw snøp p. kv{xopo-hnxw Fßs\ [\yam mw, {]Ir-Xn- -B-flo-b-X- -Po-hnXw F o {XnXz kxy-ßsf Fßs\ crvpn n mw F nß-s\-bp At\z-j-W-ß-fmWv Cu {KŸ-Øn {]Xn-]m-Zn- p- -Xv. `qan sszhøns hmkÿeam sw pw a\pjy AXns\ aen\am cpsx pw Cu {KŸw Hm Ω-s -Sp-Øp- p. B ymflni PohnXsØ pdn p efnx kpμcamb Hcp ]T\amWv ]cnip {Xn XzØnepw Xncp pspw_øn epw F ]pkvxiw. Kl\ amb sszhniz i\߃ efn Xhpw kpμchpamb ssien bn CXn Ah-X-c- n- n-cn- p- p. Nn{XßfpsS klmb tømss B ymflni Nn I ƒ BI jiambpw {]mtbm KnIambpw Cu ]pkvx-i-øn Z in m-\mipw. B ym flni ]cnioe\cwkøv hym]cn p h pw ip{iqj snøp h pw, X\n p {]m \ bv pw, {]hr-øn-isf {]m -\-bm- m B{Kln p- -h pw Cu {KŸw Gsd klmbiamipw. hnnn- -t\m-zym\w km[p C n-b-hnc Pohn-X-Ønse sim psim p kw`-h-ß-fn ad n-cn- p sszhn-i-km n [ysø Nq n m-wn p Xcp ]pkvx-i-amwv "hnnn- -t\m-zym\w'. ]p nepw ]qhnepw ]pgp- fnepw hsc sszh-øns Im cpwyhpw Icp-Xepw F{XtØm-f-ap-s v Cu ]pkvx Iw shfn-hm- p p. sszh-kvt\-l-øns Aaq-eykv] i-ßsf hfsc efn-x-amb `mj-bn Ccp- qdv Nn m-]p-jv]-ß-fn-embn DZym-\-tim-`-tbmsS A\phm-N-I-cn-te v kwth-zn- n- p-i-bmwv Cu ]pkvx- I-Øn-eq-sS. XI-cp IΩyq-Wn-khpw hfcp lnμp-xz-hm-zhpw ^m. F. AS- q Fkv.-sP. aounbm lukv t]pv: 192, hne: ` 125 aounbm lukv t]pv: 144, hne: ` 100 IΩyq-Wn-k-Øns am\- hni apjw GIm-[n-]-Xy- Øns apjw -aq-sn-bm-sw v ka n p IrXn-. IΩyq- Wn-k-Øns Akv X-a-btØmsS axm-fl-ix, ax-auen-i-hm-z-]-c-amb apj-tøm-ss- Xncn- p-h- ncn- p- psh v Hs m cp Bi -tbmss {KŸ- Im-c Nq n- m p- p. \nco-izcøzhpw ax-\ntj-[hpw a\p-jy-a-\- pisf Gsd- mew ]nsn p \n ØpIbns kxyw Cu {KŸw ASn-h-c-bn- Sp p. am v

50 A y-hn[n ]nd-hsø t_mw_v a\p-jy-]p-{x B. si h-cmpv ki-e-scbpw sr n- n-cn- p p! Cu ]d- -Xn A w t]mepw AXn-i-tbm- nbns v Xe-aqØ am Ivkn-Ãp-Im t]mepw kω-xn- pw. km m ]nw-dm-bnsb t mepw sr n- n-s-ømwv si h-cm-pv ssien-bpss aq shfn-s -Sp- - Xv? ]pd-øp-h {]Xn-I-c-W-ß-fn G hpw {it bw s{]m^-k-dp-ts-xmwv s{]m^-k N{μ-Nq-U-t Xv. CXnepw hen-sbmcp t_mw_v s]m m-\n-s - m-bncp p At±-l-Øns BZy Ia v. s{]m^-k Ft mgpw Aß-s\-bmWv D Xp ]d-bpw. AXv hf- p-si- n- msx Aßv Xpd p ]d-bpw. kxyw ]d- m AXp Xs -bmwv Imcyw ]ndhw A -Øn\v sxm p-apºv h G hpw henb t_mw_m-bn-cp p si h-cm-pns cmpn. ]nd-hsø _em-_-e-øns _me kv sx n- m-\mbn F - Xn-emWv si h-cm-pns sssan-mns anihv ASßn-bn-cn- p- -Xv. ]ndhtømss DΩ Nm nbpss i\n-zi XpSßptam F m-bn-cp p ki-e-cp-ssbpw t]sn. Imc Ww Iq q v F pw Hcp `mky-tzm-jn-bm-bn-cp- t m? 1970 apx XpS -bmbn ]pxp- - n-bpss Fw.-F.F Bbn-cp- n pw, 1977 apx ]e-{]mhiyw a{ n-bm-bn pw, B`y- -chpw, [\-Im-cyhpw ssiimcyw snbvxv `c-w-an-ihv sxfn-bn- n pw apjya-{ n-bm-im 60 hb- v Ign-bp- -Xp-hsc ImØncn-t n h p! F n v `cww ssibn In n-bt mtgm? `cn- m In n-bxv IjvSn v H c h jhpw. sxm p-ap-ºsø aq ch j-øns sisp-imcy-ÿ-xsb H c-h j-øns `c-w-an-ihvsim v adn-i-s- m At±lw I p-]n-sn kq{x-hn-zy-bmbn-cp p "AXn-thKw _lp-zqcw'. F n pw ticf- P-\X 2006 At±-lsØ \njv -cpww txm n p If p. Icp-Wm-I-c\pw B -Wn-bpw XΩnep ]Se- n-w- -Øn\v hne-sim-sp-t n h txm {io DΩ Nm- nbv pw! ]n osv ticfw I Xv tim {K- n-s\-t mepw e n- n- p ]S-e- n-w- -Øns IΩyq-WnÃp ]Xn- m-bn-cp- p. ]nw-dm-bnbpw, hn.-f pw XΩnep ] -Kp-kvXn-bn hni-k-\-øns as mcp ] -h- -c-w IqSn tic-f-p-\-xbv v \jvs-am-bn. Aßs\ Aø v h j-߃ Ccp ap -Wn-Ifpw amdn amdn \jvs-s -Sp-Øn-b-tijw hni-k-\-øns GI {]Xo- -bmb Ip q v apjy-a-{ n-bm-ipsa v Dd- mb Xnc-s -Sp- n ae-bmfn At±-l- Øn\p simsp-ø-txm, G hpw sndn-sbmcp `qcn-]- -hpw. hn.-f- ns `mj-bn ]d- m H pc- p-t] v aq{x-i h m \jvs-s -Sm-hp- {X t\cnb `qcn-] w! C{X t\cnb `qcn-] w h psim v arkob `qcn-]- - m-cp-t]mepw ImWn- mø ani-hmwv DΩ Nm n Ign Hcp h jambn ]pd-sø-sp- p- -Xv. Aß-s\-bn-cn-s -bmwv Sn.-Fw. tp -_ns ac- Whpw ]ndhw D]sXc-s -Sp- pw. {]K- -\mb A IjvSn p IS- p-iq-snb afi-e-øn A_- e-\mb ai hnp-bn- p-tam-sb v Bcpw kwi-bn- p-t]m-ipw. AXn-s -IqsS ae-bm-fn-bpss ]Xnhv s\k- ohv coxn-iqsn IW- n-sespømtem? DΩ Nm n k m-cns Imcyw ]cp-ß-en-em-sw v Bcpw ]d-bpw. Chn-tS- mwv si h-cm-pns t_mw_p h p hown-cn- p- -Xv. C\n F mipw ^ew? ]ndhw ^ew F m-bmepw Hcp Imcyw Xo. ]m n s]mfn- n-ivkn-\-xo-x-ambn \msns hni-k-\sø {]Xn-jvTn- m ae-bm-fn v Ign-bm-Øn-S-tØmfw Imew ticf-øns `mhn tim`-\-am-bn-cn- n-. 50 ImcpWnI am v 2012

51 am v

52 52 ImcpWnI am v 2012