hm jn-i-k-tω-f\w ]pc-kvim-c-k-a Ww

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1 ti c f k m kmw kv Im -cn- I- h- Ip v ti c f km ln Xy A m -Z an {] kn- o- I c Ww sabv 2016 hne 10 cq] ticf kmlnxy A mzan mw hm jn-i-k-tω-f\w ]pc-kvim-c-k-a Ww ]nw-dmbn hnp-b ap-jy-a{ n F.sI._me kmwkvim-cni hip- p-a{ n

$tic-f-km-ln-xy-a- m-z-an-bpss hnin-jvsmw-kxzw A m-z-an-bpss hm jn-im-tlm-j-th-zn-bn {]kn-u v s]cp-º-shw {io[-c, s{]m^. Fw.$ $sjm Wq Im Øn-tI-b, P\-d Iu kn AwKw tum. APn-X tat\m-øv, tum. tpm v Ccp-º-bw, inh-sdõn F n-h kao-]w.$

2 tic-f-km-ln-xy-a- m-z-an-bpss hnin-jvsmw-kxzw A m-z-an-bpss hm jn-im-tlm-j-th-zn-bn {]kn-u v s]cp-º-shw {io[-c, s{]m^. Fw. txmakv amxyp-hn\v kωm-\n- p- p. A m-zan sk{i- dn B. tkm]m-e-ir-jvw, \n Δm-l-I-k-anXn AwK-ß-fmb tum. Un. s_ an, tum. sjm Wq Im Øn-tI-b, P\-d Iu kn AwKw tum. APn-X tat\m-øv, tum. tpm v Ccp-º-bw, inh-sdõn F n-h kao-]w. tic-f-km-ln-xy-a- m-z-an-bpss hnin-jvsmw-kxzw {]kn-u v s]cp-º-shw {io[-c, Imhmew \mcm-b-w- -Wn- v At±-l-Øns hk-xn-bn FØn kωm-\n- p- p. P\-d Iu kn AwKw tpm kmap-h kao]w.

3 kmlnxy hm Øm-am-knI sabv 2016 ]pkvxiw 42 e w 8 hne: hm jni hcn-kw-jy 100 cq] D -S w Fgp-Øp-Im-cs \ni-_vzx Ip -I-c-amWv si. inh-sdõn 4 A`n-cp-Nn-Isf Xncp-Øn-sb-gp-Xp-tºmƒ tum. ap n-\msv ]fl-ip-am 8 Imew-sIm-s -gp-xnb Ihn-X-Iƒ {]Zo-] ]mºn-cn- p v 10 h Ø-am-\-Øns kv]μ-\-ßƒ Ime-Øns AS-bm-f-ßƒ {]Zo]v ]\-ßmSv 14 \ncq-]-is hmb-\-iƒ tum. kpcp C.-Fw. 18 ]{Xm-[n-]-k-anXn s]cp-º-shw {io[-c {]kn-u v B. tkm]m-e-ir-jvw sk{i- dn & FUn- hnemkw: ticf kmlnxy A m-zan, Xriq , t^m : keralasahityaakademi@gmail.com Web: keralasahityaakademi.org hn. F. Atim-I k_v FUn- - hn\-bvem, {Inb Xriq Ih Unssk a[p Imcym v {]q^v I Ω-\n-c-X-amb A m- p-iƒ ticf kmlnxy A m-z-an-bpss Ncn-{X-Ønse G hpw Xnf- ap ] -h- -c-ß-fmwv IS p t]mip- -Xv. {]h Ø-\-Øn sshhn-[y-ap Xpw IqSp-X Pt\m- p-j-am-bxpw am{x-a G -hp-a- [niw ^e-{ipxn kn n- Xpw Cu Ime-L- -Øn-em-Wv. A m-z-an-bpss km[m-c-w-k-xn-bn-ep {]h Ø-\-ßsf mw kpo-h-am-bn- \n-e-\n Øn-sIm- p-xs \h-kw-cw-`-ßƒ v XpS- an-sp-hm\pw h Db-c-ß-fn FØn-s -Sm\pw kmlnxy A m-z-an v km[n- p. A m-z-an-bpss ap ssi-tømssbmwv ae-bm-f-`m-jbv v t{ijvt-]-zhn e`n- p-hm-\p {]h Ø-\-ßƒ ap `-c-w-k-an-xnbpss ImeØv XpS- -an- -Xv. B e y-{]m-]vxn-bn {]h Ø\w sim p-sn v FØn- m km[n p F Xv G hpw Xnf- -ap t\ -am-wv. "hniz-a-e-bm-f-a-tlm- hw' F henb ]cn-]msn Bkq- {XWw snbvxp \S-Øn-bXpw ticf kmlnxy A m-z-an-bpss t\xr- Xz-Øn-em-Wv. C y-bpss {]kn-u v {io {]W_v apj Pn DZvLm- S\w \n Δ-ln Cu ]cn-]m-sn-bn C y-bnepw hntz-i-øp-ap Fgp-Øp-Imcpw ae-bm-fn-i-fpss kmln-xy-kw-l-ßfpw ]s -Sp-Øp. hnhn[ hnj-b-ßsf A[n-I-cn- p 62 skj-\p-iƒ hnhn[ thzn- I-fn-embn aq p Znh-k-Øn-\p- n \S- p. ae-bm-fn-iƒ [mcm-f-ambn \nh-kn- p tic-f-øn-\p-]p-d-øp C y \K-c-ß-fnepw hntz-i-\-k-c-ß-fnepw ticf kmlnxy A m- Zan skan-\m-dp-ifpw kmln-xy-in-ev]-im-e-ifpw \S-Øn. AXp-t]mse AXXv tziøv P\n p hf alm- m-cmb ae-bm-f-km-ln-xy-im-c- m-cpss kw`m-h-\-iƒ ]pxnb Xe-ap-dbv v ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øp-hm DX-Ip ]cn-]m-sn-iƒ tic-f-øn-ep-s-\ofw kwl-sn- n- p -"\m- p-s]- cpa' F mwv Cu ]cºc-bpss s]mxpio j-iw. ]pkvx-i-{]-kn- o-i-c-w-cw-køpw h IpXn- p-nm- -ßƒ v km yw hln Ime-L- -am-bn-cp p CXv. Ah-bn FSp-Øp-]-dtb Xv H ]Xv hmey-ß-fmbn {]kn- -s -Sp-Øp "ae-bmf kmln- Xy-N-cn{-X'-am-Wv. aps-ßn- n-s "{KŸ-kqNn' {]Im-i\w ]p\-cm-cw-`n- p. ]pxp-am-[y-a-cw-køpw ticf kmlnxy A m-zan henb t\ ßƒ ssih-cn- p. ae-bm-f-øn BZyw {]kn- o-i-cn "kwt - ]-th-zm w' apx {]mno-\-amb Bbn-c-Øn ]cw Aaq-eyhpw A]q Δ-hp-amb {KŸ-ß-fpsS UnPn- ]Xn- piƒ C s\- n {]kn- o-i-cn- p-ibpw Ahbv v kup\y Uu tem-unwkv A\ph-Zn- p-ibpw snbvxp. `mjm-t{]-an-i-sfbpw Kth-j-I-scbpw kw_- n v CsXmcp Ncn-{X-]-c-amb t\ -ambn Xs hnti-jn- n-t - - Xm-Wv. Cu Ime-b-f-hn 180 ]cw ani {KŸ-ßƒ {]kn- o-i-cn- phm A m-z-an v km[y-ambn. Kth-j-W-{]-[m-\-am-b-h-bmWv Ch-bn ]e-xpw. `mjm-km-ln-xy-k-th-j-wsk-an-\m kmlnxykthj-i v Gsd {]tbm-p-\-s H m-bn-cp- p. IqSmsX \nc-h[n alm- m-cpss P -i-xm_v[n ktω-f-\ßfpw BI j-i-ambn. A p h j-ambn aps-ßn- n-s Zi-Zn\ ]pkvx-tim- -h-ßƒ ]p\-cm-cw- `n- Xv Dƒs ss \nc-h[n t\ -ß-fpsS GSp-Iƒ-F-gp-Xn-t ØmWv Ct m-gsø A m-zan `c-w-k-anxn {]h Ø\w XpS-cp- -Xv. `mjm- -km-ln-xy-t{]-an-i-fpssbpw kmwkvim-cn-i-{]-h Ø-I-cp-sSbpw AIa-gn kl-i-cww A m-zan `c-w-k-an-xn v Du hpw IcpØpw ]I p-x- p. B. tkm]m-e-ir-jvw FUn- (sk-{i- -dn, ticf kmlnxy A m-z-an) Printed & Published by R Gopalakrishnan on behalf of Kerala Sahitya Akademi, Thrissur , and printed at Santhibhavan Press, Kannamkulangara, Thrissur, Kerala and Published at Thrissur, Thrissur District, Kerala State. Editor : R. Gopalakrishnan

$59- mw hm jnim-tlm-jhpw ]pc-kvim-c-k-a -Whpw Fgp-Øp-Im-cs \n»_vzx Ip -I-c-amWv si.-in-h-sdõn ticf kmlnxy A m-zanbpss 59 mw hm jn-im-tlm-jhpw ]pc-kvim-c-k-a -Whpw sxep v Ihn inh-sdõn DZvLm-S\w snøp p.$ $ticf kmlnxy A m-zanbpss 59 mw hm jn-im-tlm-jhpw ]pc-kvim-c-k-a -W ktωf\hpw DZvLm-S\w snbvxv kwkm-cn- p-i-bm-bn-cp p At±lw. FgpØv F Xv k Km-fl-Iamb Hcp {]{In-b-bm-Wv.$ $a\pjys\ a\p-jy-s\ p ]d-bm, cm{xnsb cm{xn-sb p ]d-bm, ]I-ens\ ]I-se p ]d-bm, arksø ark-sa p ]d-bm D kzmx{ yw FgpØp-Im-c\v D m-i-ww.$

4 59- mw hm jnim-tlm-jhpw ]pc-kvim-c-k-a -Whpw Fgp-Øp-Im-cs \n»_vzx Ip -I-c-amWv si.-in-h-sdõn ticf kmlnxy A m-zanbpss 59 mw hm jn-im-tlm-jhpw ]pc-kvim-c-k-a -Whpw sxep v Ihn inh-sdõn DZvLm-S\w snøp p. Fgp-Øp-Im-cs \n»_vzx Xmtgm- p ]X\-amsW pw AXp Ip -I-c-am-sW pw {]ikvx sxep- p-ihn si.-in-h-sdõn ]d- p. ticf kmlnxy A m-zanbpss 59 mw hm jn-im-tlm-jhpw ]pc-kvim-c-k-a -W ktωf\hpw DZvLm-S\w snbvxv kwkm-cn- p-i-bm-bn-cp p At±lw. FgpØv F Xv k Km-fl-Iamb Hcp {]{In-b-bm-Wv. kaq-l- Øn-\p- th- Xv Bi-b-ß-sfbpw A\p-`-h-ß-sfbpw Bhn-jvI-cn- m-\p kzmx-{ y-am-wv. a\pjys\ a\p-jy-s\ p ]d-bm, cm{xnsb cm{xn-sb p ]d-bm, ]I-ens\ ]I-se p ]d-bm, arksø ark-sa p ]d-bm D kzmx{ yw FgpØp-Im-c\v D m-i-ww. B{ -bp-ssbpw sxep- m-\- bp-ssbpw hn`p-\-øns thz\ A\p-`-hn- -dn- -h-\mwv Rm. dmb ko-a-bn-eqss k -cn- v, Ahn-SsØ PohnXZpcn-X-ßƒ A\p-`-hn- -dn- n- p- v. hn`-p-\-øn-\ptijw ]gb B{ -{]-tz-inse Hcp-]mSv kmwkvim- ticf kmln-xy-a- m-z-an-bpss ka-{k-kw-`m-h\m]pc-kvim-c-ßƒ {io[-c NºmSv, them-bp-[ ]Wn- -t»cn F n-h A m-zan {]kn-u v s]cp-º-shw {io[-c-\n \n v kzoi-cn- p- p. s{]m^. Fw. txmakv amxyp, inh-sd-õn, A m-zan sk{i- dn B. tkm]meirjvw, \n Δm-l-I-k-anXn AwKw tum. sjm Wq Im Øn-tI-b, P\-d Iu kn AwKw tum. APn-X tat\møv F n-h kao-]w. 4 -km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

$ticf kmln-xy-a- m-z-an-bpss ka-{k-kw-`m-h\m]pc-kvim-c-ßƒ tum. tpm v Ccp-º-bw, tzi-aw-kew cma-ir-jvw-, N{μ-Ie Fkv. IΩØv F n-h A m-zan {]kn-u v s]cp-º-shw {io[-c-\n \n v kzoi-cn- p- p. s{]m^. Fw.$ $F m, ticfønte v hcp-tºmƒ Rm kt m-jh - m-\m-hp- p. ticfw F\n v c m-asø hosm-wv. tic-f-ønse Pe-ti-Jchpw ] pw Fs IÆns\ kam-[m-\n- n- p- p.$ $mkniv IrXn-Iƒ \sω ]Tn n- p- Xv kln- m\pw s]mdp- m-\p-am-wv. kmlnxyw am[y-aa - mbn sxc-s -Sp-Øh - t- cmsv Ht ]d-bm-\p- q. \nßƒ A\p-`-h-ß-tfmSv Bﬂm - X ImWn- Ww. FgpØv XpS -bp PohnXkm[-\-bm- Ww.$ $1980 apx tic-fhpw hninjym Xriqcpw F\n v ]pxn-b-x-.$

5 ticf kmln-xy-a- m-z-an-bpss ka-{k-kw-`m-h\m]pc-kvim-c-ßƒ tum. tpm v Ccp-º-bw, tzi-aw-kew cma-ir-jvw-, N{μ-Ie Fkv. IΩØv F n-h A m-zan {]kn-u v s]cp-º-shw {io[-c-\n \n v kzoi-cn- p- p. s{]m^. Fw. txmakv amxyp, inh-sd-õn, A m-zan sk{i- dn B. tkm]m-eirjvw, \n Δm-l-I-k-anXn AwKw tum. sjm Wq Im Øn-tI-b, P\-d Iu kn AwKw tum. APn-X tat\møv F n-h kao-]w. cniapt - -ßƒ \n Δo-cy-am-bn. F m, ticfønte v hcp-tºmƒ Rm kt m-jh - m-\m-hp- p. ticfw F\n v c m-asø hosm-wv. tic-f-ønse Pe-ti-Jchpw ] pw Fs IÆns\ kam-[m-\n- n- p- p. ticfo-b p G hpw henb khn-ti-jx Ah v ani kmwkvim-cn-imht_m[w Ds - -Xm-Wv inhsdõn ]d- p. kmlnxyøn\v Ime-tZ-iß - ƒ -Xo-Xa - mb {]kivxnbp- v. tsmƒtãm-bnbpw s\cqzbpw tjivkv]n-bdpw \sω AXmWv ]Tn- n- X - v. mkniv IrXn-Iƒ \sω ]Tn n- p- Xv kln- m\pw s]mdp- m-\p-am-wv. kmlnxyw am[y-aa - mbn sxc-s -Sp-Øh - t- cmsv Ht ]d-bm-\p- q. \nßƒ A\p-`-h-ß-tfmSv Bﬂm - X ImWn- Ww. FgpØv XpS -bp PohnXkm[-\-bm- Ww. Hmtcm Xe-ap-d-bpw cq]-s -Sp- Xv hyxy-kvx A\p-`-h-ßƒ Dƒs m- p-sim- m-wv. F nepw, a\p-jy a\p-jy-\msw p ]d-bm-\p Bﬂ-ss[-cyhpw kxy-k - X - bpw GsXm-cmfpw ImWn- W - s - a v At±lw ]d- p apx tic-fhpw hninjym Xriqcpw F\n v ]pxn-b-x-. F ]-Xp-I-fn-te v Xncn- p-t]m-ip-tºmƒ A m-zan h{p-pq-_nenbm-tlmjw kwl-sn- n- pw ticf kmln-xy-a- m-z-an-bpss 60- mw hm jni Zn\-amb HIvtSm-_ 15 apx Hcp-amkw \o p\n p h{p-pq-_nenbmtlmj ]cn-]m-sn-iƒ kwl-sn- n- p-sa v A m-zan {]kn-u v s]cp-ºshw {io[-c hm jn-im-tlmj ktω-f-\-øn {]Jym-]n- p. k n-zm-\-μ, Aø- - -Wn- F n-h-cp-am-bp kulr-z-sø- p-dn v Rm Hm Øp-t]m-Ip- p. ticf k h-i-em-im-e-bpss hnh -Ø-\-in-ev]-im-e-I-fp-ambn _ -s - mwv BZy-ambn ChnsS hcp- X - v. `mjm-]n-xmhmb Fgp-Ø- s P -ÿe-amb Xncq-cn-te v aq v XhW h n- p-.v ASn-ÿm-\] - c - a - mbn Rms\mcp A[ym]-I\pw Ihn-bp-am-Wv. Ihn-tbm A[ym-]-I-t\m F p tnmzn- m, H v as m- ns ]mc-kv]-cy-am-sw v ]dtb n hcpw. Rm ]Tn- n- p-ibpw, ]Tn- p-ib - p-am-wv. ticf kmln-xy-a- m-zan {]kn- o-i-cn `mjm-i-_vz-i-ev]-{zpaw F {KŸw inh-sdõn {]Im-i\w snøp- p. sk{i- dn B. tkm]me-ir-jvw, s{]m^. Fw.-tXm-akv amxyp, A m-zan {]kn-u v s]cp-º-shw {io[-c, tum. B. hnp-b-ip-am, tum. F. kmw, tpm v tpmk^v si. F n-h kao]w 2016 sabv 5

$A m-zan Ahm Uv tpxm- -fmb Sn.-]n.-cm-Po-h, ]n.-f.-tkm-]o-ir-jvw, hn.-si.-{]-`m-i-c, hn.-b.-kp-[o-jv, tum.-fw.-kw-km-[- c, tum.-f.-a-nyp-x F n-h A m-zan {]kn-u v s]cp-º-shw {io[-c-\n \n v ]pc-kvimcw kzoi-cn- p- p.$ $B Ihn-X-bp-ambn _ -s v ]d-bp-i-bm-sw- n \ap v th Xv Aev]w kzmx- yam-wv F mwv. "Sp _n {^o Hm ssd v {^oen' F Bib-Øn \n v Freedom of Everything F Bi-b-Øn-te v FØn-t -tc- -Xp- v.$ $Xmgv CS-Øcw IpSpw-_-ØnemWv Rm P\n- -Xv. Fs P -ÿ-e-øp-\n pw In nb sshhn-[y-ap {KmaoW A\p-`-h-ß-fmWv Fs Rm\m n hf Ønb-Xv.$ $Ia-em-Zm-kns\ s^an-\n-sãt m en_-d-ensãt m D IqSn-\-I-Øm n HXp n \n Øm-\m-In-. Ah AXn-s\ mw A p-d-øm-wv. ]pg-t]m-se-bmwv kmlnxyw. AXv k -cn- p-simt -bn-cn- p- p.$ $tic-f-ønse hyxykvx Iem-cq-]-ßfpw `mjm- D -bv p-tijw \S k-tωf-\-øn s]cp-º-shw {io[-c A m-zan Ahm UpIfpw F kmln-xy-a- m-z-an-bpss Ahm UpIfpw F tum-hvsa v Ahm Up-Ifpw ka Wk-tΩ-f- \-Øn A m-zan sk{i- dn B.$ $CXn-lm-k-ßƒ v \ham-\-ßfpw ]pxp-kw-th-z-\-ßfpw D m-is. kwth-z\w hfsc {][m-\-s - -Xm-Wv inh-sdõn A`n-{]m-b-s - p.$ $hniz-a-e-bm-f-a-tlm- hw, ae-bmfw Ad_n A t±-iob kmln-txym- hw, tzis -cpa skan-\m-dp-iƒ, P -i-xm_vzn BtLm-j-ßƒ, hntz-i-ß-fnepw adp-\m- nepw \S-Ønb kmln-txym- -hßƒ, kmln-xy-n-cn-{x-øn \mgn-i- - mb$

6 A m-zan Ahm Uv tpxm- -fmb Sn.-]n.-cm-Po-h, ]n.-f.-tkm-]o-ir-jvw, hn.-si.-{]-`m-i-c, hn.-b.-kp-[o-jv, tum.-fw.-kw-km-[- c, tum.-f.-a-nyp-x F n-h A m-zan {]kn-u v s]cp-º-shw {io[-c-\n \n v ]pc-kvimcw kzoi-cn- p- p. Ip n-i-tfmsv kwh-zn- p- -Xp-t]mepw Ihn-X-bm-bn- m-wv, AsXs apt m p \bn- p- p. "t]mb{sn Hm^v Z kv]mtcm' F Ihn-X-bpsS hnh Ø-\-hp-am-bmWv Rm Imhy-tem-I-Øn-te v Imse-Sp-Øp-h-bv p- -Xv. B Ihn-X-bp-ambn _ -s v ]d-bp-i-bm-sw- n \ap v th Xv Aev]w kzmx- yam-wv F mwv. "Sp _n {^o Hm ssd v {^oen' F Bib-Øn \n v Freedom of Everything F Bi-b-Øn-te v FØn-t -tc- -Xp- v. Rßƒ Fgp-]-Xp-I-fnse CS-Xp- ]- apt - -Øns Dev]- -ß-fm-Wv. Fw.-Sn.bpw k n- Zm-\-μ\pw F\n v Gsd {]nb-s - -h-cm-wv. {Kma-Øn-sebpw \K-c-Øn-sebpw Fgp-Øp-Im p- X-Ωn hyxym-k-ap- v. Xmgv CS-Øcw IpSpw-_-ØnemWv Rm P\n- -Xv. Fs P -ÿ-e-øp-\n pw In nb sshhn-[y-ap {KmaoW A\p-`-h-ß-fmWv Fs Rm\m n hf Ønb-Xv. Ia-em-Zm-kns Ihn-X-bn ]d- -Xp-t]mse {]kn n Hcp ]pi-t]m-se-bm-wv, A[n- Imcw Hcp ]pi-t]m-se-bm-wv, AXv \nßsf Ip - m-c- \m- p- p. Ia-em-Zm-kns\ s^an-\n-sãt m en_-d-ensãt m D IqSn-\-I-Øm n HXp n \n Øm-\m-In-. Ah AXn-s\ mw A p-d-øm-wv. ]pg-t]m-se-bmwv kmlnxyw. AXv k -cn- p-simt -bn-cn- p- p. Rm P\-ß-tfmSp ]d-bp- Xv Pohn-XsØbpw a\p-jy-scbpw kvt\ln- m-\m-wv. a\p-jys B -cn-i-x-bmwv kvt\lw. Rm Pohn-XsØ IqSp-X kvt\ln- p- p. \nßƒ v ]mc-º-cysø hnt -Zn- m Ignbpw. tic-f-ønse hyxykvx Iem-cq-]-ßfpw `mjm- D -bv p-tijw \S k-tωf-\-øn s]cp-º-shw {io[-c A m-zan Ahm UpIfpw F kmln-xy-a- m-z-an-bpss Ahm UpIfpw F tum-hvsa v Ahm Up-Ifpw ka Wk-tΩ-f- \-Øn A m-zan sk{i- dn B. tkm]m-e-ir-jvw A y- -{]-kwkw \S-Øp- p. 6 ]n-xm-hmb Fgp-Ø- \pw CØ-c-samcp ]mc-º-cy- Øn \n v cq]w sim -Xm-Wv. Ime-tZ-i-ßƒ v A pdøv k -cn- p- -h-\mwv Ihn. CXn-lm-k-ßƒ v \ham-\-ßfpw ]pxp-kw-th-z-\-ßfpw D m-is. kwth-z\w hfsc {][m-\-s - -Xm-Wv inh-sdõn A`n-{]m-b-s - p. kmlnxy A m-zan AXns Ncn-{X-Ønse kph ÆIme-L- -Øn-eq-sS-bmWv IS- p-t]m-ip- -sx v ktω-f-\-øn A[y- X hln A m-zan {]kn-u v s]cp-º-shw {io[-c ]d- p. hniz-a-e-bm-f-a-tlm- hw, ae-bmfw Ad_n A t±-iob kmln-txym- hw, tzis -cpa skan-\m-dp-iƒ, P -i-xm_vzn BtLm-j-ßƒ, hntz-i-ß-fnepw adp-\m- nepw \S-Ønb kmln-txym- -hßƒ, kmln-xy-n-cn-{x-øn \mgn-i- - mb ]pkvx-ißfpss {]km-[\w F n-h-sb mw A m-z-an v km m- Xv -cn- m km[n- p. tic-f-ønse kmwkvimcn-i -s]m- Xp-a-fi-e-Øn kpo-h-ambn CS-s]-Sm A m-z-an v Ign- n- p-s pw At±lw ]d- p. hnin-jvsmw-kßfmb s{]m^.-fw.-txm-akv amxyp, Imhmew \mcm-b-w- -Wn- F n-hsc A m-zan \n Δm-l-I-k-anXn AwKw tum.-un.-s_- -an ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øn. ka-{k-kw-`m-h-\m- ]p-c-kvim-c-tp-xm- sf tum.-sjm Wq Im Øn-tI-b ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øn.hnin-jvSmw-KXzw e`n s{]m^.-fw.-txmakv amxyp, ka-{k-kw-`m-h-\m-]p-c-kvimcw t\snb {io[- c NºmSv, them-bp-[ ]Wn- -t»cn, tum.-tpm Pv Ccp- º-bw, tzi-aw-kew cma-ir-jvw, N{μ- e Fkv.-I- ΩØv F n-h adp-]sn {]kwkw \S-Øn. A m-zan sk{i- dn B. tkm]m-e-ir-jvw kzmk-xhpw A m- Zan ]ªn-t -j IΩn n I ho- \ tum.-a-pn-x tat\møv \μnbpw ]d- p. XpS v A m-zan {]kn- o- I-cn ae-bm-fkmln-xy-n-cn{xw, `mjm-i-_vz-i-ev]-{zpaw F o ]pkvx-i-ßƒ si.-in-h-sd-uvvn, s{]m^.-fw.-txm-akv amxyp-hn\v \ In {]Im-i\w snbvxp. tum.- F.-kmw, tum.-b.-hn-p-b-ipam, A m-zan AwKw tpm Pv tpmk-^v si.- F- n-h kwkmcn- p. -km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

$A m-zan Ahm Uv tpxm- -fmb kn.-hn.-_m-e-ir-jvw, si.-f.-{^m kn-kv, kp\n Rmfn-b-Øv, Fw.-in-h-{]-km-Zn\pth n ]Xv\n B.$ $tkm]m-e-ir-jvw A[y- X hln- p. Ahm Uv tpxm- sf A m-zan \n hm-li-k-anxn AwKw tum.-un.$ $-s_- -an\pw F tum-hvsa v Ahm Uv tpxm- sf A m-zan AwKw ssi\icn jmpnbpw ]cn- N-b-s -Sp-Øn.$ $-kw-km-[-c, tum.-f.-a-nyp-x, kn.-hn.-_m-e-ir-jvw, si.-f.-{^m kn-kv, kp\n Rmfn-b-Øv, Fw.$ $-{io-[-c, Sn.-sP.-Fkv.-tPm Pv, ]n.-f.-zm-kn\pth n cmtpjpw, k y F.-]n., hn.-fw.$ $A m-zan \n hm-li-k-anxn AwKw jmpp ]pxq kzmk-xhpw A m-zan AwKw tum.-tdmkn Xºn \μnbpw ]d- p.$ $Aaq-ey-amb H m-bn- mwv Xm IW- m- p- -sx pw CsXm-cn- epw Xncn- p-sim-sp- p-i-bn-s pw Imhmew \mcm-b-w- -Wn- ]d- p.$ $Xncp-h-\- -]p-csø hk-xn-bn kzoi-cn v kwkm-cn- p-i-bm-bncp p At±-lw.$ $Fs kw_- n- n-s-tømfw AsXm-cp-]m-k-\-bm-bn-cp- p.$ $\mtsmsn Iem-cq-]-ßsf \ms-i-hpambn ka-\z-bn- n v ae-bm-f-\m-s-i-øn\v Hcp ]pxnb `mhp- IXzw krjvsn- p-i-bm-bn-cp p$ $Ata-cn- -bnepw P Ω-\nbnepw djy-bn-ep-sams \ms-i-øn\v Bcm-[-I-cp- v. Aß-s\-sbm-c-hÿ \n `m-ky-h-im tic-f-øn-\n-.$

7 A m-zan Ahm Uv tpxm- -fmb kn.-hn.-_m-e-ir-jvw, si.-f.-{^m kn-kv, kp\n Rmfn-b-Øv, Fw.-in-h-{]-km-Zn\pth n ]Xv\n B. B\-μ-h n, Sn.-Pn.-hn-P-b-Ip-am F -nh A m-zan {]kn-u v s]cp-º-shw {io[-c-\n \n v ]pc-kvimcw kzoi-cn- p- p. A m- Z-an sk{i- dn B. tkm]m-e-ir-jvw kao-]w. tum-hvsa v Ahm Up-Ifpw ka n- p. A m-zan sk{i- dn B. tkm]m-e-ir-jvw A[y- X hln- p. Ahm Uv tpxm- sf A m-zan \n hm-li-k-anxn AwKw tum.-un.-s_- -an\pw F tum-hvsa v Ahm Uv tpxm- sf A m-zan AwKw ssi\icn jmpnbpw ]cn- N-b-s -Sp-Øn. A m-zan Ahm Uv tpxm- -fmb Sn.-]n.- cm-po-h, ]n.-f.-tkm-]o-ir-jvw, hn.-si.-{]-`m-i-c, hn.- B.-kp-[o-jv, tum.-fw.-kw-km-[-c, tum.-f.-a-nyp-x, kn.-hn.-_m-e-ir-jvw, si.-f.-{^m kn-kv, kp\n Rmfn-b-Øv, Fw.-in-h-{]-km-Zn\pth n ]Xv\n B. B\- μ-h n, Sn.-Pn.-hn-P-b-Ip-am F n-hcpw F tum-hvsa v Ahm Uv tpxm- -fmb tum.-f.-fw.-{io-[-c, Sn.-sP.-Fkv.-tPm Pv, ]n.-f.-zm-kn\pth n cmtpjpw, k y F.-]n., hn.-fw.-tz-h-zm-kv, at\mpv amxn-c- - n F n-hcpw ]pc-kvim-c-ßƒ G p-hm-ßn. ]pc-kvimc tpxm- ƒ adp- ]Sn {]kwkw \SØn. A m-zan \n hm-li-k-anxn AwKw jmpp ]pxq kzmk-xhpw A m-zan AwKw tum.-tdmkn Xºn \μnbpw ]d- p. l kmln-xy-a- m-z-an-bpss ]pc-kvimcw Aaqeyw Imhmew \mcm-b-w- -Wn- ticf kmln-xy-a- m-z-an-bpss ]pc-kvimcw hfsc Aaq-ey-amb H m-bn- mwv Xm IW- m- p- -sx pw CsXm-cn- epw Xncn- p-sim-sp- p-i-bn-s pw Imhmew \mcm-b-w- -Wn- ]d- p. ticf kmln-xy-a- m-z-anbpss ]c-tam- X_-lp-a-Xn-bmb hnin-jvsmw-kxzw A m- Zan {]kn-u v s]cp-º-shw {io[-c-\n \n v Xncp-h-\- -]p-csø hk-xn-bn kzoi-cn v kwkm-cn- p-i-bm-bncp p At±-lw. "Zo L-\m-fp-I-fmbn tic-f-ønse \ms-i-km-ln-xy-iem-cw-k-ß-fn \nc- cw {]h Øn- p-t]m-cp- p. Fs kw_- n- n-s-tømfw AsXm-cp-]m-k-\-bm-bn-cp- p. aebm-f-\m-s-i-øns ]ptcm-k-xn- - p-th n Rm F\n- mhp- -sx mw snbvxp. \mtsmsn Iem-cq-]-ßsf \ms-i-hpambn ka-\z-bn- n v ae-bm-f-\m-s-i-øn\v Hcp ]pxnb `mhp- IXzw krjvsn- p-i-bm-bn-cp p Fs Dt±-iyw. \ms-iß-fp-ambn temi-øns hnhn[ `mk-ß-fn k -cn- m- \p `mkyw F\n- p- m-bn. Ata-cn- -bnepw P Ω-\nbnepw djy-bn-ep-sams \ms-i-øn\v Bcm-[-I-cp- v. Aß-s\-sbm-c-hÿ \n `m-ky-h-im tic-f-øn-\n-. ChnsS Ct mgpw kn\n-a-bv mwv ta ss. bym - Øn kn\na F Iem-cq-]-Ønepw \msiw Xs -bm- Wp- -Xv. \ms-im w IhnXzw F snm v ae-bmfn ad- p-t]m-tbm. \ms-i-øns kph Æ-Imew Xncn- p-h-cpsa v Rm\m-in- p- p. Cu ]pc-kvimcw \evin Fs BZ-cn A m-z-an-tbmsv F\n v \μn-bp- v' Imhmew ]d- p. F tum-hvsa v Ahm Uv tpxm- -fmb tum.-f.-fw.-{io-[-c, Sn.-sP.-F-kv.-tPm Pv, ]n.-f.-zm-kn\pth n cmtp-jv, k y F.- ]n., hn.-fw.-tz-h-zm-kv, at\mpv amxn-c- - n F -nh A m-zan {]kn-u v s]cp-º-shw {io[-c-\n \n v ]pc-kvimcw kzoi-cn- p- p sabv 7

$IYbpsS h Ø-am\w A`n-cp-Nn-Isf Xncp-Øn-sb-gp-Xptºmƒ tum. ap n-\msv ]fl-ip-am A`n-cpNnIsf Xncp-Øn-sb-gp-Xp-tºmƒ kw`-hn- p A]-I-S-I-c-amb A\p-`-h-ßƒ v ae-bm-f-i-y-bn hfsc- p-d v amxr-i-itfbp q.$ $sl _ v Un vƒ (Herbert dingle)s\t m-ep \ncq-]-i CXn-s\, PohnXØns AIØpw ]pdøpw Hcp-t]mse \S- p kwl- -\- ßfn \n v ]pxn-sbmcp `mjbpw krjvsnbpw cq]-s - Sp- p-sh pw AXv Bkzm-Z-\-Øns BÀm-ZsØ (Aesthetic$

8 IYbpsS h Ø-am\w A`n-cp-Nn-Isf Xncp-Øn-sb-gp-Xptºmƒ tum. ap n-\msv ]fl-ip-am A`n-cpNnIsf Xncp-Øn-sb-gp-Xp-tºmƒ kw`-hn- p A]-I-S-I-c-amb A\p-`-h-ßƒ v ae-bm-f-i-y-bn hfsc- p-d v amxr-i-itfbp q. ] -Øp-hnfbpsSbpw Fw.]n \mcm-b-w-]n- bp-ssbpw H.-hn. hnp-b-s bpw, Sn Bdns bpw IY-I-fn \ap m Iem-em-hWyw (Artistry) A\p-`-hn- m\m-ipw. sl _ v Un vƒ (Herbert dingle)s\t m-ep \ncq-]-i CXn-s\, PohnXØns AIØpw ]pdøpw Hcp-t]mse \S- p kwl- -\- ßfn \n v ]pxn-sbmcp `mjbpw krjvsnbpw cq]-s - Sp- p-sh pw AXv Bkzm-Z-\-Øns BÀm-ZsØ (Aesthetic pleasure)hn]pes Sp-Øp- p-sh- p-amwv ]d-bp- -Xv. Cu Blvfm-Zm-\p-`hw \oxn-bp- -amb H m-bn-cn- p-ibn-. BZy w Zpc- -]q W-amb Hc-\p-`-h-am-bn-cn pw AXp ] p-h-bv p- -Xv. Hmtcm hf-hnepw Hmtcm A]- ISw ]Xn-bn-cn- p- Xpt]mse, 8 hn.-b.-kp-[ojv \ΩpsS \ni-_vz-xbv pta Ft mƒ thw-sa- nepw NmSn-ho-gp Ae -bm-w-xv. BapJambn C{Xbpw Fgp-Xn-b- Xn\p ]n n ka-im-eni ae-bm-fiy AXns A`n-cp-Nn-Isf A]-I-S-I-cambn Xncp-Øn-sb-gp-Xm ss[cys Sp p F p Xncn- -dn- -Xp-sIm- m-wv. `mh-\-bpssbpw `mj-bpssbpw ]n _-e-øn-\- p-d-tø v Hsc-gp-Øp-Im-c\v hfcm Ign-bWw F v A P- o\nb t\mh-enãv txmakv Gtembv am n-s\kv (Thomas Eloy Martinez) ]dbp- p v. "] tk dn' F t\mh-en Fanen ` Ørt\zjWØneqsS AXp IrXy-ambn \n Δ-ln- p- Xp ImWmw. t\mh-en-ãns ssi n-sn-bn \n v Imew sx n-t m-ip- p. AtXmsS `mh-\bv pw `mjbv pw AXp-hscbp m-bn-cp ]ncn-ap-d w (Tension) \jvs-amhp-ibpw IrXn Hcp kzx-{ -eoe (Free play)bmbn ]cn- W-an- p-ibpw snøp- p. AØ-c-samcp A\p-`hw ]pxn- b-i-y-bn kw`-hn- p-sim- n-cn- p p F Xv BÀmZw ]I-cp H m-wv. hn. B. kp[o-jns IY-bn (A-Sn-hmcw AYhm Hcp Imcq IY/ ae-bm-fw hmcni) api-fn ]d- - Xns \hy-am-sbmcp ckm-\p-`hw {]Zm\w snøp- p- v. Xma-c-t»-cn-bn \n v ASn-hm-c-tØ pw Ahn-sS-\n v XncnsI Xma-c-t»-cn-bn-te- p-amwv tem^vtfm Fkn- _- kns bm{x. A ym-]-i IqSn-bmb IYm-Ir-Øns injy- {]-Pn-j-bmWv _kvi- -IvS. {]Pnj Kpcp-\m-Ys\ Xs I -IvS A\p-`-h-ßƒ ] n-sm bm{xbv p Wn- p- p. Kpcp-\m-Y _kn bm{x-sn-bvxp-sim v Ah-fpsS sxmgn-ens Hmtcm-tcm -N-e\-ßfpw H n-sb-sp- p- p. {]Pn-j-sb- mƒ F{Xtbm PohnXw I -bmfmwv Kpcp-\m-Y. _ ns Ne-\-th- K-Øn-s\m w _me kn \n m kml-k-s Sp {]Pn-j-bpsS {iaßsfbpw hnp-b-ßsfbpw Abmƒ IuXp-I-tØmsSbpw AXv`pX-tØm-sSbp-amWv t\m n- m-wp- -Xv. IYbpw Ihn-Xbpw _nfupw Hs -bp {]Pnj-bpsS _me kv Pohn-X-sa {S okn IrXy-X-tbmsS \n p Xp Atim-I Ncp-hn ImWp-tºmƒ Kpcp\mY D ns D n kt m-jn- p- p- v. AhfpsS BIp-e-X-Iƒ pw hn{im- n-iƒ pw CS-bn Kpcp- \m-y Hm Ω-bpsSbpw Pohn-X-Øns bpw Hcp henb `mwvuw Xpd- p-h-bv p- p. AhnsS {]Pm-]-Xn-sb-t mse Imew Ibdn \n p-i-bmwv. Ah-bv n-s-bn-eqssbmwv Imcq I-Y-bpsS sxfn-\o mev Hgp-Ip- -Xv. ""kz w I Ω- Øns al-xz-a-dn p Pohn- p IpS \ m- p Hcphs Pohn-X-I-Y. Pohn-X-sa _me kn- mø Ahÿsb _me kn ]nsn p \n Øm Cu Imcq IY Ct mgpw XpW-bm-Ip- p-sh v {]Pnj ]d-bp- n-s-øp- \n v ]pxn-sbmcp A\p-`hw XpS-ßp-I-bm-Wv. ASn- -km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

$hmchpw temihpw {]Pn-jbpw Kpcp-\m-Y\pw F mw im -am-wv. im -X-bn \n v Akz-ÿ-X-bpsS apcƒ tiƒ m-\m-im-sa v tem si ]d-bp- p v.$ $s_\ym-ans IY (_p- m-dmans ai / amxr-`qan) kp`mjvn{μs LSn-Im-c-ßƒ \ne-bv p ka-b-øns c mw- `mkw F ]c-ky-tøm-ss-bmwv {]kn- o-i-cn- -Xv. CØ-c-samcp hc- ]-c-ky-øns Bh-iy-sa- m-wv.$ $Cu IYbv v Hcm-W-Ø-ap- v. inc v \nh Øn- n-sn- mwv CXns \n v. Hm Ω-I-fpsS s]msn-]-s-e-ßƒ p n \n v _n qdmw-hn-ø \S p hcp- Xv \ΩpsS s\ -S-cp-I-fn-te- m-wv.$ $IYm- y-øn ]-d-bp- -Xp-t]mse ]pxnb Ime-Øn\p kωm-\n- m al-ømb {]tnm-z-\- Iƒ H p-an- m-ø-hs PohnXw `qan-bnse G hpw hnck-am-sbmcp ^en-x-am-bn-cn- p-sa v Hm Ωs]Sp- Øp Cu IY \ap v t\sc \o p- Xv$

9 hmchpw temihpw {]Pn-jbpw Kpcp-\m-Y\pw F mw im -am-wv. im -X-bn \n v Akz-ÿ-X-bpsS apcƒ tiƒ m-\m-im-sa v tem si ]d-bp- p v. AXp-sIm v Xs A`n-cp-Nn-Isf Xncp-Øn-sb-gp-Xm ss[cys Sp Hcp IYm-Ir-Øns B PnX hy nxzw Cu IY-bn \n v Db p tiƒ m-\m-ipw. s_\ym-ans IY (_p- m-dmans ai / amxr-`qan) kp`mjvn{μs LSn-Im-c-ßƒ \ne-bv p ka-b-øns c mw- `mkw F ]c-ky-tøm-ss-bmwv {]kn- o-i-cn- -Xv. CØ-c-samcp hc- ]-c-ky-øns Bh-iy-sa- m-wv. AXn\v Hsc-gp-Øp-Im-c Iq p-tn-cp- sx- n-\m-wv. s_\ym-an kz -amsbmcp hn]wn Xpd Bfm-Wv. AbmfpsS {]Xn` as m- ns H w Iq n-s t H -. ]d- phcp- Xv "_p mdm-ans ai ' s_\ym-ans i -amsbmcp IY-X-s -bm-wv. Cu IYbv v Hcm-W-Ø-ap- v. inc v \nh Øn- n-sn- mwv CXns \n v. Hm Ω-I-fpsS s]msn-]-s-e-ßƒ p n \n v _n qdmw-hn-ø \S p hcp- Xv \ΩpsS s\ -S-cp-I-fn-te- m-wv. AhnsS kabw tamjvsn- p Hcp \mb-i-s\bpw adp-`m-køv _p m-dm-ans ai _n qdmwhnø F {]Xn-\m-b- I-s\bpw ImWp- p. IYm- y-øn ]-d-bp- -Xp-t]mse ]pxnb Ime-Øn\p kωm-\n- m al-ømb {]tnm-z-\- Iƒ H p-an- m-ø-hs PohnXw `qan-bnse G hpw hnck-am-sbmcp ^en-x-am-bn-cn- p-sa v Hm Ωs]Sp- Øp Cu IY \ap v t\sc \o p- Xv Ibvt]m-Sp-IqSn am{xta Bkzm-Zn- m-\m-ip. CXv ]pxnb Nne Pohn-X-]m- T-ßƒ Xncn- -dn-bm\p kmlnxy DZy-a-ß-fmWv. _p mdm-ans ai _p mdm-ambn Xs Pohn- p-sim v, ImesØ tamjvsn p- - h-enb I m n-s-bn \n v \ap- v-t\sc s\ p-b Øn-]n-Sn v \S- p-h-cp- p. \jvs-s - p-t]mb Ime-Øn \n v, Pohn-XsØ Xncn- p ]nsn- m-\mwv _n qdmw hcp- -Xv. Cu Xncn p ]nsn- A\p-k-cWsI Ime-Øn\p t\sc \S- n-em- p Hcp in -Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. CXpw A`p-cp-Nn- Iƒ v ]pd-øp-\n- p-sim v Ib - p Hcp IY-bm-Wv. s_\ym-ans IYm-]-cn-kcw IqSp-X {]_-ehpw kpμ-c-hp-am-ip p F -Xns t\c-sbmfw IqSn-bmbn amdp- p Cu IY. Bh Øn p hmbn-t Hcp G{_lmw amxyp ]n.-f.-hn-p-b IY-bmWv Atim-I Ncp-hn-ens azy-hn-ap- -amb ]pfn- -Shv (am-xr-`qan). Ncp-hn-ens IYm-tem-I-Øn\v apjya- m-sømcp PohnX ]cn-k-c-ap- v. m pam-cpssbpw _yqtdm-{i-kn-bp-ssbpw A[n-Im-c-Øn-s bpw IpSpw-_-_- -ß-fp-sSbpw AXn-cp-Iƒ p n-emwv ]et mgpw IY kw`-hn- p- -Xv. Ahn-SsØ a\p-jy v Imep-I-fn-, ]Icw thcp-i-fm-wp- -Xv. AXv Nhn- n- pg aæn ]pxnb Nne A\p`-h-ßƒ Xo p- p. aæns bpw a\- n-s bpw bp n-bp-ssbpw kmaqly {]Xn- _- -X-bp-sSbpw Xo p-i-fn \n mwv ]mwn-s m-dp p F p hnfn-t -cp ]me-bq ]mwn-i-ime s]mdp p hcp- -Xv. ]pfn- -S-hn ]pxn-sbmcp CXn-lmkw 2016 sabv s_\ym-an Xo m\mwv Abm-fpsS hc-hv. azy-hn-ap ]pfn- -Shv AXm-bn-cp p Abm-fpsS kz]v\-]- -Xn. AXn-\-bmƒ cm]-i A[zm-\n- p- p. t\m o-kp-iƒ `h-\-k-μ i-\w, t_m[-h-xv cww, ]p\-c-[n-hmkw XpSßn F m-hn[ t a- -Im-cpWy {]h Ø-\-ß-fnepw s]mdp p ] mfnøw Dd- m- p- p. AXn-\mbn s]mdp p s]mg- c ]dºv hn p. c p-apdn ]dºv hn p. ]ns bpw Bhiy-ßƒ _m n-\n p-i-bm-wv. CXn-s\ mw A p-d-amwv "azyhnap -\mbnøocp s]mdp- phns ]cn-wm-aw. Abmƒ kz w Pohn-XsØ amxr-i-bm n F v kaqlsø [cn- n- p-ibpw AXns adhn \ mbn IpSn- p-ibpw snbvxpsim n-cn- p p F n-s- ØmWv Cu IY-bnse {Intb- ohvc Ivj. AXn\mIs {] - am-sbmcp timamfn `mh (Disguished comic expression)-ap v. Cu sshcp- y-ßƒ n-s-bn \n mwv s]mdp- p-hns ]nd-hn. a\pjy kzx-{ \msw v Xncn- -dn-bp-tºmƒxs Ah- \n Af-hn Ihn DXvI-WvTbpw GIm-In-Xz-t_m- [hpw A\m-Y-Xzhpw hf p hcp- p. AXns\ adn-i-s- m-\mwv s]mdp p X n Xs -bp (Being in itself) C sb \nkq-v-am-sbmcp B\-μ-Øn\p th n Xnc-s - Sp- p- -Xv. azy-hn-ap- n-bn-eqss kºq Æ-am-sbmcp kmaq-ly-tam w F v hnfn- p-]-d- p-sim v kaqlsø azywsim v Xs hnip- -am- p-i. CXn-\p- n IrXy-am-sbmcp cmjv{sob ^en-x-ap- v. lcn-zmkv Icn-sh- q-cns ani- -I-Y-I-fn-sem- mwv kn nw-kq- (AIw amkn-i). lcn-zm-kns s]mxpiym-]-cn-k-c-øn \ns mw amdn k -cn- p H mwv kn ow kq. kaimeni cmjv{sob ] m- Ø-e-Øn Nhp- n-\n- p-sim v, kxy-øn-t\msv hnap- JX Im msx Xpd- p-]-d-bp- -Xns apg w kn nw-kq- hmbn p Ign-bp-tºmgpw \sω ]n Xp-S-cpI Xs snøpw. hn.si kzm-\-μ F A -dns efnx Pohn-X-Øn-eqsS cmjv{so-bhpw A[n-Im-c-hp-sa mw Fßs\ e y-th-[n-bm-ip p F mwv IYm-IrØv ]d-bp- -Xv. IYhmbn- p-tºmƒ \ap v ap neqss H n-e-[niw hn.si kzm-\- μ m \S- p-t]m-ip Xp ImWmw. lcn-zmkv Icnsh- q F m \m nepw CØ-c- m-cpss CS-s]- S-ep-Iƒ ImWm Ign-bpw. Ah-cn F{X-t] v bym y-hp-ambn _ -ap v F v Btem- Nn- p-tºm-gmwv IY apt m p hbv p Iq Øp aq Ø ^enxw s\ p-xp-f- p-sim v ]pd-tø v ]mbp- -Xv. ChnsS hn.si kzm-\-μs Bcm-[y-]p-cp-j ]nwdmbn hnp-b-\m-wv. At±-lsØ kzm-\-μ\v Bg-Øn ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øm Xøm-dm-Ip- Xv tkm]m-e-ir-jvw amjmwv. "]cn-n-bw' ZrV-am-Ip- -txmss kzm-\-μ-\n henb am -ßƒ kw`-hn p XpS-ßp- p. ]pxn-sbmcp A[n-Imc ti{μ-ambn kzm-\-μ amdn- -gn- p-sh v kl-{]-h Ø-I clkyw ]d-bp-tºmƒ Abmƒ AXptI v cl-ky-ambn Xs Bkz-Zn- p- p. HSp-hn hn.si kzm-\-μ A hn.si kzm-\-μ-\mbn amdp-tºmgpw 9

$Ihn-X-bpsS h Ø-am\w ImewsIms -gp-xnb Ihn-X-Iƒ {]Zo-] ]mºn-cn- p v 10 ""AXn Øn-bnse ] n-iƒ henb Ipg- - m-cmwv Hcp hi-xn-cn-hp-an- msx Atßm pw Ctßm pw ]mdn-s m- n-cn pw H n\v t\sc D w ]nsn- p-tºm-tg pw$

10 Ihn-X-bpsS h Ø-am\w ImewsIms -gp-xnb Ihn-X-Iƒ {]Zo-] ]mºn-cn- p v 10 ""AXn Øn-bnse ] n-iƒ henb Ipg- - m-cmwv Hcp hi-xn-cn-hp-an- msx Atßm pw Ctßm pw ]mdn-s m- n-cn pw H n\v t\sc D w ]nsn- p-tºm-tg pw AXns ]ucxzw amdpw'' (am-xr-`qan, G{]n 10) tzi-kvt\-lw, tzi-t{zmlw XpS-ßnb `mh-\-isf ka- Im-enI C y kμ `-Øn Ihn-X-sIm v \n Zm- nwyw Ie-ln- p p d^o v Al-aZv ""Bfl-l-Xy-sNbvX I j-i ]mxncmhns \n»-_vz-x-bn simbvtøm Ω-bn \røw Nhn- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. At cw AIse \n v tzio-b-km\w ti p t{]x-ßƒ s]msp- s\ A j-\mbn AcpXv t{]x-aq- ]d p \Ωƒ acn -h-cmwv acn P\-X-bpsS Km\-am-W-sX v hcp-øn-øo -cpxv'' tzio-bx `b-ambn ]cn-w-an- n-cn- p p C y-bn. Hcp cmpyw AXnse ]uc- m-sc-øs tzi-t{zm-ln-ifmbn kwi-bn- p- p. P\m-[n-]Xyw ASn-bn \n v Cf- In-Øp-S-ßn-bn-cn- p- p. `c-w-l-s-\-t]mbn ax-aq-ey-ßƒ \msphm-gm XpS-ßp- p. k Δ-I-em-im-e-Iƒ mt\mev]m-z\ ti{μ-ß-fm-hp- -Xns\ `c-w-iqsw Xs `bs p XpS-ßn-bn-cn- p- p. axw F m ]pcp-j F pw ]ptcm-ln-x F pw A w amdn-bn-cn- p- p. \obpw Rm\pw F bmym y-øn \n v Rm am{xw _m n-bm-hp C y `mh-\-sn-ø-s -Sp- p. C y ASp- -f-bn `bw ]miw snø-s -Sp- p. ASnb- cm-h-ÿ-bp-ssbpw tziob {]ÿm-\-øn-s bpw hn`-p-\-ß-fp-ssbpw Ime-Øn-\p-tijw Fgp-Øp-Im tzio-b-xsb C{X-ta N -bvs -SpØ as mcp kμ `an-. hn`-p-\-sø-ip-dn- p kmzøv lk afip-hns IY-Iƒt]mse shdp- ns \n Ωm-W-ßsf Bg-Øn A]-{K-Yn- p- p- v ae-bm-f-i-hn-x-iƒ. d^o v Al-Ω- Zns "tzi-`- n-sb-ip-dn v Nne hcn-iƒ' F IhnX kao-]-im-e-øp-h ani Ihn-X-I-fn-sem- p-x-s. hgn-b-cn-inse tem -dn-ãm-fn \n v Sn -s -Sp- p-tºmgpw Aº-e-Øn t]mip-tºmgpw ]Øp-an-\n pt\csø Hm^okn FØp-tºmgpw Gcn-bm-sk-{I- -dnbv v A qdv cq]-\ Ip-tºmgpw kw`-hn- p \n -lm-bhÿ A\nhm-cy-am-sbmcp Xncn- -dn-hns `mkw IqSn-bm-Wv. AXpsIm- v Xs Cu IYbv v e yw am{x-a D Xv, AXn\p ]n n IrXyam-sbmcp aqey-tim-[i (Censor)Is {]Xy-b-imkv{X -a-cymz IqSn-bp-s p hcp- p. N snø-s -ts Hcp IY-bmWv cmtpjv NnØnc-bpsS "Pn vtkm]-kn ' (N-{μn-I). cmpy-øns \c- Im-Xn Øn-Isf Xo vw-ambn \n Δ-Nn- p- -Xn-eqsS I\ym-Im-Xz-Øns bpw A_-e-Xz-Øn-s bpw A\p-`-hßƒ IqSnN snøp Pn vtkm-]-kn Ime-Øns bpw Poh\Øn-s bpw kz K- -\-c-im-xn Øn-Isf Iog-S- p ImgvNbpw {it -b-am-wv. Pn.-\n-[o-jns snhn-i-fpss h Ø-am\w (a-e-bm-fw), _o\- k-po-hns "amcp-`q-an-iƒ GIm- -am-ip- Xv (k-^-ew), F{_lmw amxyp-hns ]iphpw ]penbpw (am-xr-`q-an), Zo] _ntpm Ae-Ivkm- -dns Hfn-I th (kvxo-i-_vzw), ka-zv]-\- b- n- n-bpss Hcp \K-c- mgvn (kv{xo-i-_vzw), si. APojns ac-w-hym-]mcw (tz-im-`n-am-\n), ]n F hn Pbs As m F mw ]d- -t]mse (N-{μn-I), kæn-xm-b- -cnbpss ac-w-hym-]m-cn-iƒ (km-ti-xw) F o IY-Iƒ A`nc-pNn-Isf am n-sb-gp-xm ss[cy-s -Sp IY-Iƒ IqSnbm-sW v A`n-am-\-]q Δw ]d p hbv -s. l -km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

${ioip-am-c Xºn Sn.-]n.-cm-Po-h \oetºcq a[p-kq-z-\ \m-b Fk$ $Cc-Ifpw th Im-c-\p-ambn tzisø hn`- Pn- p- p. In v Bth-i-ß-fn- msx Ah bmym y-ßsf A] \n Ωn- p- p.$ $A -Øn-te- -Sp- p-i-b kmam-\y-amb A -Øn \n v ]n hm-ßp-i-bmwv ]pxnb Ihn-X-bnse hm p-iƒ snøp-i.$ $Ihn-X-bpsS B Imhy k m-c-sø-iq-sn-bmwv ""cmtpjv Fkv. tpmk-^ns "Abmƒ' F Ihn-X. A -s\-ipdn- mwv Cu Ihn-X.$ $\o acn- Xv Adn- n-cp p Aev]w sshin ]nsn- Xp ]Wn-bm-bn-cp p temiøv Hcp-h-gn-am-{X-ta-bp q F -t]mse H$ $GXp-ho- n I s\ Ab-bv Ww Fs _ p-ti n hn n v Abmƒ t]meo-kns\ Ab-bv Ww bm{x XpS-cp- p.$ $_n Cßs\ Fgp-Xp- GtXXv hosp-iƒ cmhnse Xpd- -Ww, Xpd-t p.$ $n-itfm F\n o cmpysø hgn-sx n h AÆmt\m H p-ap- n- n-gn-bww si n-b-xp-sim p am{xw I n B -Sn v Ae- Ww H w \n p$ $"hc-thev]v' F Ihn-X-bn ]hn-{x Xo p-\nbpw Bhn-jvI-cn- p- p.$ $simsp- m- ns IrjvW-a-Wn-bn Xfn pw "t] v' F Ihn-X-bn k y. C AΩsb CSn-bpsS hcm- -bn hymjym-\n- p- p.$

11 {ioip-am-c Xºn Sn.-]n.-cm-Po-h \oetºcq a[p-kq-z-\ \m-b Fkv. tpmk^v d^o v Al-ΩZv ]n. F. tkm]o-ir-jvws " A[n-Im-cn-bpsS A\ptim-N\w "Iptd-IqSn {]Xy- -am-wv. AXv tcmlnxv shape-bn sxm v cmpysø acn- -hcpss cmpy-ambn C ysb hc-bv p- p. Cc-Ifpw th Im-c-\p-ambn tzisø hn`- Pn- p- p. In v Bth-i-ß-fn- msx Ah bmym y-ßsf A] \n Ωn- p- p. sshhn[yßsf Bhn-jvIcn- p- p. A -Øn-te- -Sp- p-i-b kmam-\y-amb A -Øn \n v ]n hm-ßp-i-bmwv ]pxnb Ihn-X-bnse hm p-iƒ snøp-i. Ihn-X-bpsS B Imhy k m-c-sø-iq-sn-bmwv ""cmtpjv Fkv. tpmk-^ns "Abmƒ' F Ihn-X. A -s\-ipdn- mwv Cu Ihn-X. F m a\p-jy-sc- p-dn- p-am-w-xv. \o acn- Xv Adn- n-cp p Aev]w sshin ]nsn- Xp ]Wn-bm-bn-cp p temiøv Hcp-h-gn-am-{X-ta-bp q F -t]mse H -h-cntb-bp q Ihn-Xbv pw cmpy-ønse `h-\-ß-sf mw AXnse k m-cn-bm-w-bmƒ cm{xn AS- p-]q- Ww Abmƒ v thsd hgn-bn GXp-ho- n I s\ Ab-bv Ww Fs _ p-ti n hn n v Abmƒ t]meo-kns\ Ab-bv Ww bm{x XpS-cp- p. (a-e-bmfw, G{]n 2016) ac-wsø Ab-bv Ww F p Xocp-am-\n- Ww "apcp n' s\ lrjn-ti-i ]n._n Cßs\ Fgp-Xp- GtXXv hosp-iƒ cmhnse Xpd- -Ww, Xpd-t p. F p \n -bn- Ww ""ap p-i-fp- -Xp-sIm v Xmt -ep-iƒ sh p-amdn Bcp-ambpw ASp w Ipd-hmbn Ii-]n-i-bp- m- Ww h ] n-itfm F\n o cmpysø hgn-sx n h AÆmt\m H p-ap- n- n-gn-bww si n-b-xp-sim p am{xw I n B -Sn v Ae- Ww H w \n p ]ipthm tx p as n HgnsI Ae-am-c-bn sh Ww'' (a-e-bmfw, G{]n 18) hfcpw txmdpw Ihn-Iƒ sim -s -Sp ImesØ "hc-thev]v' F Ihn-X-bn ]hn-{x Xo p-\nbpw Bhn-jvI-cn- p- p. Iem-]-Øn sim -s -Sp Ihn apcpßn h p ]mgvacw'' bmym yw Hcp hymjym\w am{x-am-sw v ]pxnb Ihn-X-Iƒ hymjym-\n- p- p. simsp- m- ns IrjvW-a-Wn-bn Xfn pw "t] v' F Ihn-X-bn k y. C AΩsb CSn-bpsS hcm- -bn hymjym-\n- p- p. ssihoin \n pw ""D]-Im-c-an- mø H pw an -ens XSm-I-Øn AΩ-bn-Xp-hsc I n- n- t{x \røw-shbv pw'' (tz-im-`n-am\n, G{]n 24) D]-tbm-K-an-s v k -S-s v tzio-bx F Xv Xß-fpsS Poh-nX-bm-Ym yw \Ωƒ am n-sh-bv p kvt\lw t]mepw BsW v Ihn-Iƒ (My nationality is reality) Bh Øn- FhnsStbm as m- mbn am s Sp p- t{x'' psimt -bn-cn- p- p. (am-xr-`qan, G{]n 13) ]pxnb Ihn-X-Iƒ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn PohnX AΩ-sb- p-dn v At\Iw Ihn-X-I-fp- mbn p- v. aebm-f-øn Fgp-Ø- s "Km mcn' apx sshcp- y-ß-fpss AS-bm-f-s -Sp-Ø-ep-I-fm-Wv. {]txy- kmhn{xn ]n.-f.-tkm-]o-ir-jvw Iev] \mcm-b-w ]n.-si.-tkm]n hn.-sn.-p-b-tz-h cml-h AtØmfn 2016 sabv 11

$Be-t msv eoem-ir-jvw sk_m-ãy taml-\-ir-jvw ImeSn F.-tXm-a-kvIp n KncnP ]n. ]mtx- c cmpo-hs "AΩsb Ipfn- n- p-tºmƒ' hsc At\Iw hymjym-\-ßƒ.$ $]cn-wm-a-ß-sf- p-dn v henb D -WvT-Iƒ ]pxnb Ihn-X-I-fn-ep- v. Pnt\- jvip-am Fc-a-Øns c p Ihn-X-Iƒ Chsb {]Xy- -am- p- p.$ $..'' kmt -Xn-I-X-bn ]gbxe-ap-dsb txmev]n- p- -h-tcmsv ""]\n- p ] -a-cp v ]dn- p-sim- p-h-cm '' Ihn-X-sh- p-hn-fn- p- p.$ $(sh- p-hnfn, FXn Zn-i-am-kn-I) "A -t\msv' F Ihn-X-bn-em-hs ""apø-»n- Y tiƒ n- n s]m sxøw ImWn- n aæn-en-d- n-bn ae-bmfw sxmso- n ''$ $""F n- n-t mƒ \ne-hn-fn- p p a ƒ hr -k-z-\-øn-e-s-s v'' IhnX Bfl-hn-a i-\-øns hgn Xpd- p- p.$ $AXpw kt mjw sk_m-ãys "XShv' F IhnX samss_ t^m km{am-pysø XS-hp-Im-sc- p-dn- m-wv.$ $Dta-jv_m-_p-hns F^v _n IhnX F Ihn-Xbpw CtX Bibw ] p-sh- p p(`m-jm-t]m-jn-wn, G{]n ) H -sbm hmiy-ß-fm-bmwv ]pxnb Ihn-X-bpsS \ne.$ $""-]in'' F IhnX Cßs\ D p-a-sp-ø-h-cm-bn-cn- n BZysØ Ian-Xm- ƒ Ah, hnfºnb-xn-\m-em-hww \ap o hni-s m-sp-ßm-øxv'' (am-[y-aw, G{]n 11) Cu$

12 Be-t msv eoem-ir-jvw sk_m-ãy taml-\-ir-jvw ImeSn F.-tXm-a-kvIp n KncnP ]n. ]mtx- c cmpo-hs "AΩsb Ipfn- n- p-tºmƒ' hsc At\Iw hymjym-\-ßƒ. CS-t»-cn-sb-gpXn ""AhƒIpfn-cn\p Iºnfn t\sn ]n o-sst m Rm sn ti Hc naæp ]px p InS q Xocm- -S-ta -a-a- P w'' F v kmt -XnI Ime-Øns ]cn-wm-a-ß-sf- p-dn v henb D -WvT-Iƒ ]pxnb Ihn-X-I-fn-ep- v. Pnt\- jvip-am Fc-a-Øns c p Ihn-X-Iƒ Chsb {]Xy- -am- p- p. sh p-hn-fn, A -t\msv F o Ihn-X-I-fm- W-h. ssk_ bph-xz-sø- p-dn- m-wh B[n-sIm- p- -Xv. ""samss_ t^mwns Poh-c-lkyw H kv] i-øm H n-sb-sp-øv...'' kmt -Xn-I-X-bn ]gbxe-ap-dsb txmev]n- p- -h-tcmsv ""]\n- p ] -a-cp v ]dn- p-sim- p-h-cm '' Ihn-X-sh- p-hn-fn- p- p. (sh- p-hnfn, FXn Zn-i-am-kn-I) "A -t\msv' F Ihn-X-bn-em-hs ""apø-»n- Y tiƒ n- n s]m sxøw ImWn- n aæn-en-d- n-bn ae-bmfw sxmso- n '' Aßs\ hf Ønb ssk_ inip HSp-hn c n-xm- sf Dt]- n- p- p. ""F n- n-t mƒ \ne-hn-fn- p p a ƒ hr -k-z-\-øn-e-s-s v'' IhnX Bfl-hn-a i-\-øns hgn Xpd- p- p. Cu c p Ihn-X-Ifpw s^bvkv_p- nepw hmsvkm- nepw [mcmfw {]N-cn- p- p- v. AXpw kt mjw sk_m-ãys "XShv' F IhnX samss_ t^m km{am-pysø XS-hp-Im-sc- p-dn- m-wv. ""Xna pw agsb apgp-h kvam v t^mwn H n-sb-spøv sxfn-bp-i-bmbo hm\w'' (F-gpØv G{]n ) F n kvam v t^m ImesØ {]Ir-Xn-sb- p-dn v AXv thh-em-xn-s m- p- p. Dta-jv_m-_p-hns F^v _n IhnX F Ihn-Xbpw CtX Bibw ] p-sh- p p(`m-jm-t]m-jn-wn, G{]n ) H -sbm hmiy-ß-fm-bmwv ]pxnb Ihn-X-bpsS \ne. As - n AsXmcp `mh-sø-am{xw Bhn-jvI-cn- p- p. ]n.-b. cxo-jns IhnX DZm-l-cn- mw.""-]in'' F IhnX Cßs\ D p-a-sp-ø-h-cm-bn-cn- n BZysØ Ian-Xm- ƒ Ah, hnfºnb-xn-\m-em-hww \ap o hni-s m-sp-ßm-øxv'' (am-[y-aw, G{]n 11) Cu BJym\ kzcq]w ]pxnb Ihn-X-bpsS kmam- \y-kz-cq-]-am-wv. taml-\-ir-jvw Ime-Sn-bpsS "Cd' F Ihn-Xbpw CXp-Zm-l-cn- p-\-\p. Hcp-sh-bn Ipsd t\c-ambn ap Øp \n p- p. Hcp XW timem-bn Dd w \Sn- p p Ah n-s-bn-embn Cd-sh- -ambn Hcp ag-s]-øp p shbn-en-s\mcp IpS simsp p As - n XW-ens IS-em-kp-tXmWn Fdn- p-sim-sp q (`m-jm-t]m-jn-wn, G{]n 2016) ]pxnb Ihn-X-Iƒ sshhn-[y-ß-fn-eqss k -cn- p- p. Hmtcm Ihnbpw hyxy-kvx-amb A\p-`-h-a-fi-e-ßfn-eq-sS, BJym-\-h-gn-I-fn-eqsS apt -dp- p- v. F nepw Ah-bvs mw Htc Ime-Øns kz`m-h-ap- v. Htc 12 ]hn-{x Xo p\n ayqkv tacn si.-kn. Dtajv _m_p ]n.-b.-c-xojv ae-bøv A pæn -km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

$bmym ysø ]e Xhn-IƒsIm v timcn-sb-sp- p p Ah. kz w hgn-i-fn-eqss t\ctø k -cn- p- -h-cpss Ihn-X-Ifpw ]pxnb Ihn-Xm-tem-IØv kpo-h-am-bp- v. Iev] \mcm-b-w-s bpw Sn.-]n.$ $cmpo-hns Ihn- Xbpw"IqtSm{Xw'F Iev]- -bpss Ihn-Xbpw Xoh- nb-\p-`-h-ß-fmwv. c v GIm bm{x-iƒ `mj-bn-eqssbpw Ihn-X-bn-eq-sS-bpw. a -t\iw Ihn-X-I-fp v F\n pap n. ]n.-si.$

13 bmym ysø ]e Xhn-IƒsIm v timcn-sb-sp- p p Ah. kz w hgn-i-fn-eqss t\ctø k -cn- p- -h-cpss Ihn-X-Ifpw ]pxnb Ihn-Xm-tem-IØv kpo-h-am-bp- v. Iev] \mcm-b-w-s bpw Sn.-]n. cmpo-h-s bpw Ihn-X- Iƒ `mjm-t]m-jn-wn-bn. ae-bm-fhpw Fw. tkmhn-μ\pw g F ae-bmfø\n-a-bp kz\n-ahpw Np n-h-cp "azncm-in- sabn ' F Sn.-]n. cmpo-hns Ihn- Xbpw"IqtSm{Xw'F Iev]- -bpss Ihn-Xbpw Xoh- nb-\p-`-h-ß-fmwv. c v GIm bm{x-iƒ `mj-bn-eqssbpw Ihn-X-bn-eq-sS-bpw. a -t\iw Ihn-X-I-fp v F\n pap n. ]n.-si. tkm]n-bpss "k y-bpss ] -ßƒ' t\m p-i. ""Fs t]sc-gp-xnb s\ Wn Is Øn Rm s\m p-cp-inb tndn- - pdw ]ms-øns hn v Iodnb IÆn '' {]tamzv si.-fw. s \ BJym\ Ihn-X-bmb ]ncn- p-hn-s (`m-jm-t]m-jn-wn), hn.-f- v.-zn-cm-dns "{]hm-n- I- m `qan kμ in- p p' sh IhnX, {ioip-am-c Xºn-bp-sSbpw (A-h-ti-jn- p-iƒ) A n-ø-sø- p-dn v Be-t msv eoem-ir-jvw-s bpw Ihn-X-Iƒ, ssies (t^m-d kniv thh-em-xn-iƒ) bpw icxvn{μemens bpw (a-g- m-esø ] n-iƒ) Ihn-X-Iƒ, \oe-tº-cq a[p-kq-z-\ \mb-cpss Ihn-X-Iƒ (G psnm- p- -h Rm ) XpS-ßnbh, sk_m-ãys Xs "lm' F Ihn-X, ayqkvta-cn-bpss "I p v', Aºnfn A am t mkns "]em-b\w', kpdm-_ns "{`m v', KncnP ]mtx- -c-bpss "L jww', {]tim-`ns "Dua-I-fpsS Km\w', kpip-am A - q-cns "H -piƒ', _npp Im -ßm- Sns "\n»-_vz-xsb' klod Xß-fpsS "Nn{X-Øq-hm-e, "]mtybw' F o Ihn-X-Iƒ, Bcym-tKm-]n-bpsS "H mb-xn-ßs\', F.-tXm-akv Ip n-bpss "]pgp-]q- -em-zn', hn.- Sn. Pb-tZ-hs "{`m v', ae-bøv A p-æn-bpss "DØ-can- m-ø-tnmzyw', cml-h AtØm-fn-bpsS "DΩmcw' XpSßnb FÆ-a Ihn-X-Iƒ C m-eøv {]kn- o-i-cn- s - p. F m Ihn-X-I-fnepw ae-bmf Ihn-X-bpsS Ime-]-cn- Wm-a-Øns an kv] i-ß-fp- v. ""DΩm-c- -Sn-bn-en-cp- m De-Io-tcgp apdn-bn mwmw'' F v (amxr-`qan) cml-h AtØm-fn-bpsS hniz-cq- ]-Z i-\w. H mw-]m-t-sa enpn-bpss Ihn-X-bn ""A cw Npa- p-sim- n-dßn t mipw NnX -sam-c w ImWm-h-cn-t]m Zo Ln- p p'' F hmiyw Iev]-\m-]-c-amb hnkvabw Xo p- p. C. k y-bp-ss- I-hn-XIfpw kq va-x-sim pw BJym\w sim pw Du -kz-e-am-wv. Iymºkv Ihn-X-Ifpw kpo-hw. {Zp]Zv KuX-ans "Izt -j ' F IhnX t\m q ""\sω icn-bm- m \mw Xs Bsf G -Sm- p Hcp-Xcw FS-]m-SmWv P\m-[n-]Xyw'' (amxr-`qan) \n bw, ae-bm-f-i-hnx Ime-tØmSv kxy-k- -ambn kwhm-z-øn-em-wv. l tic-f-ønse ÿe-n-cn{xßƒ Xncp-h-\- -]pcw Pn hn.-hn.si. hmeøv Xncp-h-\- -]pcw Pn -bnse hnhn[ {]tz-i-ß-fpss t]cp-iƒ cq]-s - -Xns ] m-øe Bib khn-ti-j-x-iƒ At\z-jn- p IrXn. hne : clp-hwiw Imfn-Zm-k ]cn-`m-j, Bkzm-Z-\m-flI hymjym\w am[-h Aø- Øv si.-si. bxo-{μ hne : 325 tim n-iƒ v : ticf kmln-xy-a- m-zan, Xriq sabv 13

$Ihe Bfl-IY Ah-km-\n- p- Xv Cß-s\-bm-Wv. ""A\p-`-hßƒ Gsd-bp v ]d-bm.$ $BhnjvI-cn- p-ibpw snøp- p. Ie, kwkvim-cw, A[n-Imcw, cmjv{so-bw, enwk-\o-xn, hni-k\w XpSßn Hmtcm taj-e-tbbpw kv] in- p ]T-\-ßƒ pw \nco- -Wßƒ pw, kwhm-z-ßƒ pw CSw \ Ip- p.$ $kpo-h-amb kaq-løns t\sc ]nsn IÆm- SnIfmWv ae-bm-f-ønse B\p-ImenI {]kn- o-i-c-w-ßƒ. AXn-eqsS IS- p-t]m-ip-tºmƒ \mw Pohn- p ImesØ Xncn- -dn-bp- p. Btem-Nn- m\pw Nn n- m-\pap khn-tij kμ `-ßƒ Hcp- p- p.$ $A Pp-\s Bfl-IYm`mKw {]kn- oi-cn- p. hnim-e-amb B kwkox- Pohn-XsØ ASp-Ø-dn-bm Cu Hm Ω- p-dn- p-i-fn-eqss Ign-bp- p. Pohn-X-Øns hyxy-kvx-ap-j-ßƒ, Km\-kw-hn-[m-\-Ønse khn-ti-j-kμ `-ßƒ F mw ] p-sh- p- p.$ $Hcp kwkox Ime-L- - Øns Ncn{Xw IqSn-bmWv Cu Bfl-I-Y. {ioip-am-c Xºn-bpsS Ne- n{xkm\-tem-isø pdn- p \nco- -W-ßfpw, ]T-\-ßfpw hnnm-c-ßfpamwv {KŸ-mtem-I-Øns {][m\ D -S- w. Fw.-sI.-km\p, ]n.-f-kv.$

14 Ihe Bfl-IY Ah-km-\n- p- Xv Cß-s\-bm-Wv. ""A\p-`-hßƒ Gsd-bp v ]d-bm. ]t Hm a-iƒ v _ew t]mcm, C{X-tØm-f-sam pw {]Xo- n PohnXw XpSh Ø-am-\-Øns kv]μ-\-ßƒ Ime-Øns AS-bm-f-ßƒ {]Zo]v ]\-ßmSv ae-bm-f-ønse B\p-Im-en-I-ßƒ Ft mgpw ImetØmSv {]Xn-I-cn- p-ibpw, AXns kv]μ-\-ßƒ BhnjvI-cn- p-ibpw snøp- p. Ie, kwkvim-cw, A[n-Imcw, cmjv{so-bw, enwk-\o-xn, hni-k\w XpSßn Hmtcm taj-e-tbbpw kv] in- p ]T-\-ßƒ pw \nco- -Wßƒ pw, kwhm-z-ßƒ pw CSw \ Ip- p. kaq-l- Øns hyxykvx KXn {Ia-ßfpw, Pohn-X-Øns Bg-Øn-ep A\p-`h-ßfpw Ah-X-cn- n- p- p. hmb- \sb khn-ti-jhpw Kuc-h- ]q Æhpam p-hm C v B\p-Im-en- I-ßƒ v Ign-bp- p. kpo-h-amb kaq-løns t\sc ]nsn IÆm- SnIfmWv ae-bm-f-ønse B\p-ImenI {]kn- o-i-c-w-ßƒ. AXn-eqsS IS- p-t]m-ip-tºmƒ \mw Pohn- p ImesØ Xncn- -dn-bp- p. Btem-Nn- m\pw Nn n- m-\pap khn-tij kμ `-ßƒ Hcp- p- p. ae-bm-fn-bpss Ne- n-{x-km\ncn-{x-ønse c p kph Æ km n-[y-ßsf ASp-Ø-dn-bm\pw, ]Tn- m-\pap c v Ah-k-c-ßƒ G{]n amk-øn D m-bn. `mjm-t]m-jnwn G{]n e -Øn "kwkoxa]n PohnXw' F t]cn kwkox kwhn-[m-b-i Fw.-sI. A Pp-\s Bfl-IYm`mKw {]kn- oi-cn- p. hnim-e-amb B kwkox- Pohn-XsØ ASp-Ø-dn-bm Cu Hm Ω- p-dn- p-i-fn-eqss Ign-bp- p. Pohn-X-Øns hyxy-kvx-ap-j-ßƒ, Km\-kw-hn-[m-\-Ønse khn-ti-j-kμ `-ßƒ F mw ] p-sh- p- p. 14 kpk-x-ip-amcn Fw.-sI.-A p-\ ßn-b-Xv. Kpcp-\m-Y ]d- -t]mse kwkoxw sim p- Xs CXp-hsc Pohn- p''. Fw. si. A Pp-\ kwhn- [m\w snbvx {it -b-amb Km\-ß-fpsS Hcp ] nibpw CtXm-sSm w tn Øn- p- v. Hcp kwkox Ime-L- - Øns Ncn{Xw IqSn-bmWv Cu Bfl-I-Y. {ioip-am-c Xºn-bpsS Ne- n{xkm\-tem-isø pdn- p \nco- -W-ßfpw, ]T-\-ßfpw hnnm-c-ßfpamwv {KŸ-mtem-I-Øns {][m\ D -S- w. Fw.-sI.-km\p, ]n.-f-kv. cm[m-ir-jvw, tum.-_n.-hn.-iin Ipam, B. {ioex h Ω, ]qδ- JmZ, tum. AP-b-]pcw tpymxnjv Ipam F n-h-cmwv Fgp-Xp- -Xv. Fw.-sI.-km\p {ioip-am-c Xºn-bpsS Km\-tem- IsØ Bg-Øn ]Tn- p tej-\- amwv ]n.-f-kv. cm[m-ir-jvws "Km\-ho-Nn-I-fnse GIm- -Xmcw' F tej\w. tic-f-øns kmaq-ln-i- cmjv{sob Ncn-{X-Øn-s bpw hyxy-kvx- Km-\ -kw-kvim-c- Øn-t bpw ] m-ø-e-øn-ep At\z-j-W-amWv Cu tej-\w. XnI A m-z-aniv Kuchhpw, kmaq-ly-imkv{x-]-c-amb kao-]-\hpw Cu tej- \sø khn-ti-j-am- p- p. ]n.-fkv cm[m-ir-jvw Fgp-Xp p ""{]W-b- Øn hmgvøp-ibpw, Nncn-bn hogvøp-ibpw hnc-l-øn i]n- p- Ibpw snøp ae-bmfn ]pcp-js ap hn-[n-i-fn- møhbmwv XºnbpsS Km\-ßƒ. {]W-bKmXm-hmbn tum.-cm-p Kpcp- ƒ am{xw At±-lsØ ]cn-an-x-s -Sp-Øm- \m-hn ''. ayqkn v tp W-enkw am{xw kpo-h-amb ae-bm-f-øn CØcw Kuc-h-ap Km\-\n{ZhW-ßƒ D m-th- -Xm-Wv. t\mh-enãv, Ne- n{x\n am-xmhv, cmjv{sob Nn -I, -km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

$]{X-{]-h Ø-I F o hyxykvx taj-e-i-fn Pohn- X-ap{Z ]Xn- n- m _m_p `c-zzm-pn\v Ign- n- p v. At±-l-Øns ac-ww, B Pohn- Øns hyxykvx taj-e-i-fn-te- p k m-c-ßƒ p- Ah-kcw Xpd- p.$ $""_m_p `c-zzmpns Fgp-Øntem Nn -bntem hc- XmØznI hnnm-c-ßƒ ImWmt\-bn-. At\z-j-W-ßƒ Ah-km-\n- n hn[n Xo p- I-fp-an-. Dd- p hnim-c-ß-fpss \s - pw, kz]v\w ImWp IÆpw B PohnXtØmsSm w k -cn- p''.$ $""simøn hen- mø Hm Ω-I-fpsSbpw k -S-ß-fp-tSbpw CS-bn-eqsS InX-t msn pw Bscbpw Ip -s -Sp-Øm-t\m, Bscbpw Fgp-Xn-Ø- mt\m _m_p Hcn- epw Xøm-dm-bn '-. tum. tkma IS-eq, hn.-si.$ $ssewkn-i-\yq-\-]- -Øns Pohn- Xm-h-ÿ-I-fpsS, Ah-cpsS kmaq-lni kmº-øni AXn-Po-h-\hpw C v Kuc-h-tØmsS N snøp- p- v. hyxykvx A\p-`-h-ßƒ, Pohn-X-{]-Xnk- n-iƒ, \n-b-a-]-cn-c Chbpw Ah-X-cn- n- -s -Sp- p.$ $C ybnse apjy-[mcm am[y-a-ß-fnse BZysØ LGBTQ timfw Bcw-`n- p p F mwv apj-nn-{x-tøm-ssm w tn ØXv. ssewkni \yq\-]- -Øns kzmx{ ysø- p-dn v Nn n- p-sim- mwv tej-\w Bcw-`n- p- Xv Xs. ioxƒ iymw Fgp-Xp- p.$ $Rm\-h-cpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-bmWv-''. Xß-fpsS Pohn-X- Øns hyxykvx {]Xn-k- n-iƒ iymw ioxƒ Ah-X-cn- n- p p v. im w amkn-i-bpss G{]n e -Øns apj-te-j-\hpw "C\nbpw hcptam Hcp lnpu hk w?' F - XmWv.$

15 ]{X-{]-h Ø-I F o hyxykvx taj-e-i-fn Pohn- X-ap{Z ]Xn- n- m _m_p `c-zzm-pn\v Ign- n- p v. At±-l-Øns ac-ww, B Pohn- Øns hyxykvx taj-e-i-fn-te- p k m-c-ßƒ p- Ah-kcw Xpd- p. kplr-øp- ƒ, kl-bm-{xn- I, Fgp-Øp-Im _m_p `c-zzm-pns\ A\p-kva-cn- p. amxr-`qan BgvN-]-Xn- n (2016 G{]n 10-16) inlm-_p±o s]mbvøpw IShv Fgp-Xp- p. ""_m_p `c-zzmpns Fgp-Øntem Nn -bntem hc- XmØznI hnnm-c-ßƒ ImWmt\-bn-. At\z-j-W-ßƒ Ah-km-\n- n hn[n Xo p- I-fp-an-. Dd- p hnim-c-ß-fpss \s - pw, kz]v\w ImWp IÆpw B PohnXtØmsSm w k -cn- p''. N{μnI BgvN-]-Xn- n (9 G{]n 2016) F.-hn. A\n Ipam Fgp-Xp- p. ""simøn hen- mø Hm Ω-I-fpsSbpw k -S-ß-fp-tSbpw CS-bn-eqsS InX-t msn pw Bscbpw Ip -s -Sp-Øm-t\m, Bscbpw Fgp-Xn-Ø- mt\m _m_p Hcn- epw Xøm-dm-bn '-. tum. tkma IS-eq, hn.-si. kptcjv F n-hcpw A\p-kva-c-W- p-dn piƒ Fgp-Xn. _m_p `c-zzm-pns kmlnxy kw`mh-\-iƒ C\nbpw hne-bn-cp-ø-s -ts- -Xm-Wv. ssewkn-i-\yq-\-]- -Øns Pohn- Xm-h-ÿ-I-fpsS, Ah-cpsS kmaq-lni kmº-øni AXn-Po-h-\hpw C v Kuc-h-tØmsS N snøp- p- v. hyxykvx A\p-`-h-ßƒ, Pohn-X-{]-Xnk- n-iƒ, \n-b-a-]-cn-c Chbpw Ah-X-cn- n- -s -Sp- p. ae-bm-f-ø-nse B\p-Im-en-I-ßƒ aq mw-enw-k- m v {]k amb CSw \ Ip- p- v. amxr-`qan BgvN- -Xn v (2016 G{]n 17 ) ioxƒ iymans tej\w henb {]m[m-\y-tømssbmwv {]kn- o-i-cn- -Xv. C ybnse apjy-[mcm am[y-a-ß-fnse BZysØ LGBTQ timfw Bcw-`n- p p F mwv apj-nn-{x-tøm-ssm w tn ØXv. ssewkni \yq\-]- -Øns kzmx{ ysø- p-dn v Nn n- p-sim- mwv tej-\w Bcw-`n- p- Xv Xs. ioxƒ iymw Fgp-Xp- p. ""BWn-s\bpw s]ænt\bpw t]mse B kzmx{ yw A\p-`-hn- m ] m-øh-cmwv Rßƒ. Rßƒ F m ssewkn-i hyxykvxx A\p-`-hn- p- -h, As - n ssewkn-i \yq\-]- -ßƒ F kaql hnfn-t]- cn Adn-b-s -Sp- -h. Rm\-h-cpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-bmWv-''. Xß-fpsS Pohn-X- Øns hyxykvx {]Xn-k- n-iƒ iymw ioxƒ Ah-X-cn- n- p p v. im w amkn-i-bpss G{]n e -Øns apj-te-j-\hpw "C\nbpw hcptam Hcp lnpu hk w?' F - XmWv. lnp-u-i-fpss Pohn-X-Øn- -te- ]qδ- JmZ p k mcamwv hnp-b timst cn Ah-X-cn- n- p- -Xv. Ncn-{X-]-c-amb hni-i-e-\- ßfpw, \nb-a-]-c-amb km[y-x-i-fpw Cu tej-\-øn N snøp p. hnp-b tims-t cn Fgp-Xp p. ""kzx{ y-m-\- cw C y-bn Xß-fpsS ]ou-\-imew 2016 sabv _n.-b.-]n.-`m-kvi F.-]n.-cm-tP-{μ Ah-km-\n mw F v lnp-u-i-fpss kaqlw kz]v\w I n-cp- p-sh- n Ah v AXnepw ]nghv ] n. kzx{ C y-bn ssewkni \yq\- ]- -ß-fpsS IjvS- m-sp-iƒ h [n- p- I-bmWv snøp- -Xv. ""aq mw-enw-k- msc AwKo-I-cn mw'' F F.-Fw. JZoPbpsS tej-\hpw CtXm-sSm w tn Øn- p- v. kp`mjv N{μ-t_mkv ho pw N I-fn-te pw ]T-\-ß-fn-te pw A`-b-tZ-hns\ Ipdn v Fgp-Xp- -Xv kn.-b Hma-\- p- \mwv. At±-l-Øns Ne- n-{x-km-\-ß-fn-eq-ssbpw Pohn-X-Øn-eq-sS-bp-ap A]q Δ-bm-{X. Kk Kmbkn.-B.-Hm-a-\- p- FØn-bn-cn- p- p. At±-l-sØ- pdn p \nc-h[n Ncn{X tcj-iƒ ]pd- tum.-]n.-si.-cm-p-ti-j-c Øp-h- p-sim- n-cn- p- p. `cwiq-s-øn-s bpw Nne Ncn-{X-Im-c- m-cp-ssbpw Bkq-{XnX e y-ßƒ CXn\v ]n n-ep-s v Icp-Xp- p. Cu ] m-ø-e-ønemwv ]n. IrjvW-\p-Æn-bpsS, amxr-`qan BgvN-]-Xn- nse (2016 G{]n 24-30) "Ncn-{X-Ønse N{μ-t_mkv IY-bnse N{μt_mkv' F tej\w {]k- -am-ip- -Xv. IrjvW-\pÆn ]pxnb Ncn-{X-]-T-\-e- ysø ImWp- Xv Cß-s\-bm- Wv. ""t_mkns Nn -bnepw {]h - Øn-bnepw \nd p \n p tzik-ao-]-\sø At±-l-Øns Km ntbm-sp Bi-bm-[n-jvTn-X-amb hntbm-pn p-ambn Iq n tbmpn- n- p-ibmwv _n.-sp.]n k m snøp Xv. t_mkns\ Icp-hm ns m v Km n- Pnsb A[n-t -]n- p-i-bmwv CXns e yw''. CØcw Bi-b-ßfpsS Nn -Ifpw, Ak-ln-jvWpX \nd ka-im-en-i-k-aq-l-øn Gsd {]m[m-\y-tømss N sntø- -Xm-Wv. amxr-`qan BgvN-]-Xn ns Cu e -Ønse Xs B\-μns "DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-an- mø {]Xn-tcm-[-ßƒ' F tej-\hpw C y kaq-l-øn IS p-h-cp ^mknãv A[n-\nth-i-Øns cmjv{sob am\-ßƒ Nq n- m- p- - Xm-Wv. H.-F.hn F Ihnsb "H v \n p Hm a- I-fn-'eqsS kpkp-x-ip-amcn kvacn- p- p. Aø- - -Wn- sc \ Ω a[p-c-amb Imhy[njW' F tej-\-øneqss I \mcm-b-w hne-bn-cp-øp- p. ae-bmfw hmcn-i-bnepw (11 G{]n 2016) tzio-b-xsb- p-dn- p hni-z-amb N \S- p. _n.-b.-]n.-`mkv si. Ac-hn-μm-, sp. clp F n-h-cmwv N -bn ]s -Sp-Ø-Xv. h Ø-am-\- Im-esØ cmjv{so-b, am[y-a-{]-k- nsb Ipdn- mwv _n.b.-]n. `mkv N snøp- -Xv. {KmaoW C y-bpss Ah-ÿ-bn-te- mwv si. Ac-hn-μm- hnc Nq p- -Xv. {]`m-x-c-ivan-bpss G{]n e w A\p-kva-c-W-ßƒ \nd- -Xm-Wv. ]n.-ir-jvw-\pæn hyxykvx taj-e-bn-ep khn-ti-j -hy nxzßsf Hm Ωn- p- p. ae-bmf-øn ani- -Km-\-ßƒ Fgp-Xnb 15

$I Dºmbn, H.-F.hn. Ipdp- ns\ Hm Ωn- p- p. H.- F.hn Fgp-Xnb \nc-h[n Kk Km\-ßƒ Dºmbn Be-]n- n- p- v. Dºmbn Fgp- -Xp p.$ $F pw Hcp ]qhv tnmzn v ssi\o pw s] sim-sn-sbt mse Aß-bpsS Hmtcm Km\- Øn\pw Rßƒ ImtXm p-ibmwv''. hniz-km-ln-xy-ønse sndp- I-Y-bpsS Xºp-cm-\mb H.-sl dn-sb- p-dn v hn. kpip-am-c\pw Fgp-Xp- p. F.-hn.$

16 I Dºmbn, H.-F.hn. Ipdp- ns\ Hm Ωn- p- p. H.- F.hn Fgp-Xnb \nc-h[n Kk Km\-ßƒ Dºmbn Be-]n- n- p- v. Dºmbn Fgp- -Xp p. ""thzn-i-fn AßbpsS ]m v ]msp-tºmƒ, ]mhamw Rms\- -apƒs -Sn- p- m-ip Bfl-l jw F{X hep-xmsw v hnnm-cn- m-\m-hn-. F pw Hcp ]qhv tnmzn v ssi\o pw s] sim-sn-sbt mse Aß-bpsS Hmtcm Km\- Øn\pw Rßƒ ImtXm p-ibmwv''. hniz-km-ln-xy-ønse sndp- I-Y-bpsS Xºp-cm-\mb H.-sl dn-sb- p-dn v hn. kpip-am-c\pw Fgp-Xp- p. F.-hn.-A-\n Ip-am FgpØv amkn-i-bpss Hmtcm e -hpw {]txyi hnjb-ßsf t^m kv snøp- -h-bm-wv. A[n-Imc X{ -ßfnse axw, imkv{xw, Adn-hv, Ie, ssewkn-ix F n-hsb- p-dn- p hni-zhpw Bg-Øn-ep N -bn-emwv G{]n e -Øn D -Xv. cmp Kpcp- ƒ Fgp-Xp p ""cmpyøv kmaq-lni kmº-øni cmjv{sob Ne-\-ßƒ D m- p Hcp \h km{am-pyxzw cq]-s -Sp-I-bm-Wv. kmt - XnI hnzy-tbbpw ]pø Is -Ø-ep-I-tfbpw \nb-{ n- p- -Xn-\m tim ]-td nksø i -am- m CXv klmbn- p- p. ax-ßƒ A[n-Im-c-tI-{μ-ßfm-Ip- -Xn-s\- p-dn- mwv ayqkvtacn tpm Pv Fgp-Xp- -Xv. imkv{xhpw A[n- Im-c-hp-amWv Poh tpm_v txmakv N snøp- -Xv. A[n-Im-c-sØ- p-dn- p a\:imkv{x hni-i-e\w h okv ]p qkv \S-Øp- p. ]n m-eøv Hcp- ]msv kwhm-z-ß-fn-te pw N -I-fnte pw \bn- m Ign-bp hnj-bß-fmwv Fgp-Øn N snøp- -Xv. ""CSn-an- -ens Akv{X-ßƒ tn Øp Xp nb Ihn-X-bpsS DS '' F t]cn ao\m-iμkzm-anbp-ambn tcmjv\n kz]v\ \S-Ønb A`n-ap-Jhpw CXn-t\msSm- -ap- v. Imd am Ivkns A{X-sbm pw Adn-b-s -SmØ apj-amwv ] - p-xn-c-bpss G{]n e -Øn F.- ]n. cmtp-{μ Ah-X-cn- n- p- -Xv. hfsc sndp- -Øn Xs am Ivkv ]{X-{]-h Ø\ cwktø v h n-cp- p. ]{X-ß-fn Fgp-XpI am{x-a-, AhnsS tpmen t\m p- Ibpw snbvxp. At±-l-Øns ]{X-dn-t m p-iƒ kaml-cn- n- pap v. F.-]n. cmtp-{μ Cßs\ Fgp-Xp p. ""]{X-{]-h Ø\w am{x-am-bn-cp p A m-esø At±-l- Øns Pohn-X-am -sa- nepw Hcp D]- Po-h\hrØn F -Xn-\- pdw AXn\p hne-a-xn- n-cp p F v Poh-N-cn-{X-Imc- m Icp-Xp- p. Xs dnt m p-iƒ Ata-cn- -bn \ t]cp- m- p- p v F Xv At±lw ad- p-sh- n- ''. CØcw Akm-[m-cW Ncn-{X-Zr-iyßƒ apxn ]{X-{]-h Ø-I Ah- X-cn- n- p- Xv {it -b-am-wv. tum: tdmkn-x-ºn-bpss A\p-`-h-ßƒ \nd "s] Im-ep-Iƒ' ]n.-si. kptc- {μs "Hfn pis-ø-s kn\n-a-iƒ' {io{]nb _me-irjvws "hf Ø-ens ss\xni cmjv{sobw' F n 16 Dºmbn tkma IS-eq tej-\-ßfpw ]pxnb A\p-`-h-ßƒ ]I-cp- -Xm-Wv. ae-bm-f-ønse {it -b-\mb imkv{x tej-i-\mwv Poh tpm_vv txma-kv. imkv{xsø ]pxnb ImgvN- m- Sn-eqsS hni-i-e\w snøp-ibpw, B taj-e-bn D m-hp \ho-\-nn- - Isf Ah-X-cn- n- p-ibpw snøm-dp- ]n.-f-kv.-cm-[m-ir-jvw v. Poh tpm_v v txma-kp-ambn tum. {ioie Fw. \mb \S-Ønb Zo Lamb Hcp A`n-apJw N{μnI BgvN- - Xn- n (23 G{]n 2016) D v. imkv{xc-n-\-iƒ, imkv{x-øns Fgp-Ønse kzm[o\w XpS-ßnb Imcy-ßƒ N snøp- p. am{x-a kz w cn-\-ifpss ] m-øehpw hni-z-am- p- p. Poh tpm_vv txmakv ]d-bp- p. ""kxy-øn ae-bm-fn-bpss I]S kzm- Nmct_m[sØ sh p-hn-fn- p-i F Dt±iytØmsSb "cxn-c-lkyw' Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. tic-f-øn AØ-c-Øn-ep Adn-hp-Iƒ N snø-s -ts- -XmsW v Icp- -Xp p''. ka-im-eni Ihn-X-bnse khn-tij km n-[y-amb ]n.-f. tkm]o-ir-jvw-\p-ambn Fkv. Itejv \S-Ønb Hcp A`n-apJw, ae-bmfw hmcni (16 G{]n 2016) bn D v. Xs Imhy-\n-e-]m-Sp-Iƒ hni-zo- I-cn- p- p. am{x-a ]pxnb ae-bmf Ihn-Xsb Ipdn p Hcp N IqSnbmW-nXv. tkm]o-ir-jvw ]d-bp- p. "" \ Ihn-X-bn \n v H pw th Xn-cn-s -Sp- m-\m-hn. BJym-\-co- Xn-tb-tbm, cmjv{so-b-tø-tbm, k -Sß-tftbm, {]W-b-tØ-tbm- kulrztø-tbm- H pw. H v H n-t\msv tn p mip ]pxnb ]pxnb tum.-hn. kpip-am-c Bflob amxr-i-iƒ BWv Hmtcm Ihn-X-bp-tSbpw ASn- Ø- v''. tkm]o-ir-jvw-t\m-ssm w Xs ae-bm-f-i-hn-xbn kpo-h-amb Fkv. tpmk-^ns "k -c-kw-kvimchpw Fs Ihn-Xbpw' F tej\w ae-bmfw hmcni (11 G{]n 2016) bn D v. Xs IhnX cq]-s p hcp kml-n-cy-ß-sf- p-dn- mwv tpmk^v Fgp-Xp- -Xv. tpmk- ^ns IhnXIfn-te- p hgn-øm-c-i-fmwv Cu tej- \w. Xnc-s -Sp- ns ] m-ø-e-øn-emwv am[yaw BgvN-]-Xn v (2016 G{]n 25) am\n-s^-tãmsb Ipdn v N \S-Øp- -Xv. apjy-[mc cmjv{sob ]m n-i-fpss am\n-s^-tãm-bn \n v ]mts hn`n- -amb Nne Nn -I-fmWv Ah-X-cn- n- p- -Xv. KoX, tum. hn.- Fkv. hnp-b, si.-fw. kenw-ip-am, kæn Fw. I]n- msv F n-h-cmwv ]pxnb am\n-s^-tãm-iƒ Fgp-Xp- -Xv. kv{xo, Zfn-Xv, ]cn-ÿn-xn, BZn-hmkn B.-{io-e-Xm-h Ω {]iv\-ßƒ {]m[m\yw simsp- p Nn -I-fmWv CXn-ep- -Xv. henb N - I-fn-te v \otß Bi-b-ß-fmWv Ah-X-cn- n- p- - Xv. ]{X-ß-fn-tebpw A\p-Im-en-I-ß-fn-tebpw kpoh km n-[y-amwv ]w n-iƒ. Fgp-Øp-Imcpw cmjv{sob -km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

${]h Ø-Icpw Ne- n-{x-imc mcpsa mw ]w n-im-c- m-cm-hm-dp v. ]{X- Øn-t tbm amkn-i-bp-tstbm \bßƒ p-døp \n p-sim- v Nn n- m Ah Xøm-dm-hp- p. ae-bm-f- Øn ]w- n v Zo L-Ime Ncn-{X-ap- v.$ $ae-bm-fn-bpss ImenI Nn m-[m-c-bpss Ncn-{X-tØbpw ae-bmf ]{X-{]-h Ø-\-Øns Ncn-{X-sØbpw _ n- n- p tej-\-am-wn-xv. \nc-h[n At\z-j-W-ßƒ Cu taje-bn Ncn-{X-Im-c- m pw hmb-\- m pw XpS-cm-hp- - Xm-Wv.$ $tpzmjzm FgpXnbXmWv; "Bh-cp-tXm, en]n-bn CØn-cn-IqSn bp n `{ZX..' tpzmjzm Fgp-Xp p. ""]pxp- X-e-ap-d-bn \ne-\n p Nne -a-e-bmfw {]iv\-ßƒ Xocm \ΩpsS en]n-bnse {]iv\-ßƒ Xo Øm axnbm-hpw.$ $I]n- msv Ifn \S- m-cnepw hmzy-i-em-im-c- mcnepw ]m pim-cnepw HXp-ßpw. IY-Ifn v emhwyw \ Ip Np nipøv Iem-Im-c- msc ad- pw. Ah-cpsS Iem-Nm-cp-Xsb ]cn-k-wn- m-dn-.$

17 {]h Ø-Icpw Ne- n-{x-imc mcpsa mw ]w n-im-c- m-cm-hm-dp v. ]{X- Øn-t tbm amkn-i-bp-tstbm \bßƒ p-døp \n p-sim- v Nn n- m Ah Xøm-dm-hp- p. ae-bm-f- Øn ]w- n v Zo L-Ime Ncn-{X-ap- v. ae-bm-f-ønse ]w n Fgp- Øns Ncn{Xw ]n.-si cmp-ti-j-c amxr-`qan BgvN-]-Xn- n (2016 G{]n tdmkn Xºn 10-16) Fgp-Xp- p. BZy-am-bmWv ]w n FgpØns\ Ipdn v CØ-c-samcp Ncn{XcN\ D m-hp- - Xv. ae-bm-fn-bpss ImenI Nn m-[m-c-bpss Ncn-{X-tØbpw ae-bmf ]{X-{]-h Ø-\-Øns Ncn-{X-sØbpw _ n- n- p tej-\-am-wn-xv. \nc-h[n At\z-j-W-ßƒ Cu taje-bn Ncn-{X-Im-c- m pw hmb-\- m pw XpS-cm-hp- - Xm-Wv. `mjm-]-wvun-x- m-cp-ssbpw, kmln-xy-hn-zym- ni-fpssbpw {i -bn s]-ts Hcp tej\w `mjm-t]mjnwnbnep- v. ae-bm-f-en]n ]cn-jv -c-w-sø- p-dn v ]n.-sp. tpzmjzm FgpXnbXmWv; "Bh-cp-tXm, en]n-bn CØn-cn-IqSn bp n `{ZX..' tpzmjzm Fgp-Xp p. ""]pxp- X-e-ap-d-bn \ne-\n p Nne -a-e-bmfw {]iv\-ßƒ Xocm \ΩpsS en]n-bnse {]iv\-ßƒ Xo Øm axnbm-hpw. hen-sbmcp ]cn-lm-c-np-h-smhpw AXv''. XnI pw imkv{xob-amb Hcp Ah-tem-I\amWv ChnsS \S-Øp- -Xv. IY-I-fn-sb- p-dn- p FgpØpw ]T\ßfpw IY- kæn Fw. I]n- msv Ifn \S- m-cnepw hmzy-i-em-im-c- mcnepw ]m pim-cnepw HXp-ßpw. IY-Ifn v emhwyw \ Ip Np nipøv Iem-Im-c- msc ad- pw. Ah-cpsS Iem-Nm-cp-Xsb ]cn-k-wn- m-dn-. im w amkn-i-bnse "Bcq-V-ßƒ' F Iem-N-cn{X ]w n-bn F. cm[m-ir-jvw \mb Ah-X-cn- n- p Xv Np n-ipøv Iem-Im-c- m-scbmwv. Np n-ipøv F Ie-bpsS khn-tij {]k- n-bpw Fgp-Xp- p. cm[m-ir-jvw \mb Fgp-Xp p ""Np n- m-c F v Ae-k-ambn \mw ]d p t]mip Iem-Im-c, Ahs hnc XpºneqsS Bhn-jvI-cn- p IYm-]m{Xw I ØrtI{μ-Øn \n v IYm-]m-{X-ß-fn-te v cq]m- c {]m]vxn t\sp- - Xns {]`-h-ÿm-\-ambn ad p \n p- Xv \ma-dnbmdn ''. Bcq-V-ßƒ F ]w n ]pxnb hmb-\- mc\v IY-IfnbpsS khn-tij emh-wym-\p-`-h-ß-fn-te- p Znim-kq-Nn-bm-Wv. Xnc-s -Sp- ns kμ `-am-b-xp-sim v an B\p- Im-en-I-ß-fpw AXn\v {]m[m\yw simsp- m {ian- p. F mepw kaq-lhpw a\p-jy\pw t\cn-sp Bg-Ønep {]Xn-k- n-iƒ Ah-X-cn- n- m {ian- p. Ncn-{X- Øn ap{zn-x-amb Pohn-X-Øns k m-c-]-y-ßƒ Is -Øm-\m-bn. FgpØpw Nn bpw ]S p Ibdp Xns BÀm-Zm-\p-`-h-ß-fmWv G{]n amksø B\p-Im-en-I-ß-fn \n pw \mw Is -Øp- -Xv. l AI-\m-\qdv hnh Ø\w, hymjym\w : s\ md ]n. hniz-\m-y \mb kmwkvim-cni ]Tn-Xm- ƒ pw `mjm N-cn{X Kth-j-I pw kmln-xy-hn-zym n-iƒ pw F m-eøpw Bh-iy-amb {KŸw. hne : Xmc-Xay kmln-xy-nn kºm-z-\w, FUn- nßv : Fw.-F. Imc-t»cn Xmc-X-ay-km-ln-Xy-Nn- -I-fpsS ]cn-an-xn-ifpw km[y-x-ifpw N snøp IrXn. hne : tim n-iƒ v : ticf kmln-xy-a- m-zan, Xriq sabv 17

${KŸm-h-tem-I\w \ncq-]-is hmb-\-iƒ tum. kpcp C. Fw. \ncq-]-w-øn\v ]e-apjßfp v. ssk m- n-ihpw kuμ-cym-fl-i-hpw {]Xo-Xn-\n-jvThpw Hs -bmb ]e ]mcm-b-w-km- y-x-iƒ.$

18 {KŸm-h-tem-I\w \ncq-]-is hmb-\-iƒ tum. kpcp C. Fw. \ncq-]-w-øn\v ]e-apjßfp v. ssk m- n-ihpw kuμ-cym-fl-i-hpw {]Xo-Xn-\n-jvThpw Hs -bmb ]e ]mcm-b-w-km- y-x-iƒ. F m I pioen ImgvN-Ifn \n- pw, \S p ]cn-n-bn hgn-i-fn \n pw IpXdn-amdn hmb-\-bpss auen-ix AS-bm-f-s -Sp-Øp ]{ - p -{]uv {]_- -ß-fpsS kam-lm-c-am-wv, tum. Fkv. si. hk- s " \ncq-]-is hmb\'. \ncq-]-icpss hgn-iƒ, k -em-hwyw F n-ßs\ c p-`m-k-ßfmbn kwhn-[m\w snbvxn- p ]pkvx-i-øns H mw- `mkw F.-hn., Ago-t m-sv, kztz-im-`n-am\n, tik-cn, hnem-kn\n F n-h-cpss \ncq-]-w-ß-tfbpw ae-bm-f-kmln-xy-ønse CS- n ]mc-º-cy-tøbpw hni-ie\hnt[-b-am- p- p. Bim, sshtem- n- n, ]n. Fkv hmcy, h -tømƒ, simsp-ß- q sim pæn Xºpcm, hs- pw-iq F n-h-cpss Imhy-tem-I-sØ- p-dn- p-ff N -bmwv c mw-`m-k-øn. hnj-b-ßƒ sxcs SpØ-Xnse sshhn- yhpw Ah-X-c-W-Øns kq va-x-bpamwv Cu ]pkvx-isø {it -bam- p {][m-\-l-s-i-ßƒ. F mhcpw ]d- p-sim- n-cn- p- -X-, a p- -h ]d-bm km[y-x-bn- m-øxpw F m F m-hcpw Adn- n-cn-t - -Xp-amb hnj-bßƒ ssiimcyw snø-w-sa Hcp \n _ w Cu cn-\-iƒ p ]n n ImWmw. a p- -h-cpss {]Xn-I-cWw F mhpw F Imcy-Øn {KŸ-Im-c\v Bi- - tb-xp-an-. ""ae-bm-f-`m-j- pth n PohnXw Dgn- p-h-, kwkvir-x-`m-jm-`- \pw, ]fin- X\pw bmym-ÿn-xn-i-\p-amb \ntbm- m-kniv Ihn F \nebn t]mepw hs- pw-iq cmp-cm- P-h Ωsb C sø kmln-xyhn-zym n-iƒ Hm m-dn-... ÿnxn AXm-bn-cns At±-l- Øns Hcp Jfi-Im-hy-sØ- n 18 \ncq-]-is hmb-\ Fkv.-sI. hk-, tic-f-km-ln-xy-a- m-z-an, hne:120 t]pv -162 Hcp tej\w Fgp-Xp- -sx- n-\v, thsd ]Wn-bnt F tnmzy-øn\v Fs adp-]sn CXmWv thsd ]Wn C '' ({ZuWo {]`m-hw, ]p.154). CXv hs- pw-iq-dn-s\- pdn pam{x-a-, Xs GXp sxc-s -Sp- n-s\- p-dn- p-amhmw. Xs -bp-a-, kmln-xy-hn-zym n-iƒ ad- p-t]m- Im ]msn- mø {]Xn-`m-im-en-Isf tihew Ncn-{X-]p-kvX- Ønse t]cp-iƒ am{x-ambn ]cn-k-wn- p- -h-tcm-sp FXn mbn ]pkvx-i-øn-ep-s-\ofw Cu Dd v {]Xn-^-en- p- Xpw ImWmw. {]Jym-X-cm-b, Ct mgpw hmb-\-ifpw ""]p\ hmb\'' Ifpw \S- p Fgp-Øp-Imsc kao-]n- p-tºm-gm-hs, AXv a p- -h Is -ØmØ cn-\ma Ω-ßƒ Is -Øm-\p i n-bmbn amdp- p. DZm-lc-W-Øn\v, Ipam-c-\m-ims IYm-]m-{X-ß-sf- p-dn v Nn n- p-tºmƒ At±lw ASn-ÿm-\-am- p Imcy-ßƒ {i n- p-i. (I) Ah Ihn-bpsS D -`m-jn-wn-iƒ am{x-amtwm? (II) CXnhrØ-Øns \ms-io-b-hn-im-k-øn\v Ah hneßp-x-sn-bm-ip- pt m? (III)Bims k ]-hp-ambn s]mcp-ø-s -Sp GsX- nepw Bi-b-ßsf Ah A`n-hy-RvPn- n- p- pt m? Cu am\-z-fißƒ D]-tbm-Kn v hne-bn-cp-øptºmƒ Hcp ]pxnb angn-thmss B IYm-]m-{X-ßƒ \ap v ap n {]Xy- -s -Sp- Xp ImWmw. ( Bim Ihn-X-bnse IYm-]m{X krjvsn, ]p. 95) kpip-am Agnt m-sns \ncq-]-w-ß-sf p-dn v hnnn- \w snøp-tºmƒ, AhbpsS ASn-ÿm-\-ine ]uckvxy Imhy-aoamw-k-bmWv F \nk-a- \-Øn FØn-t -cp-ibpw DZm-lc-W-k-lnXw AXv ÿm]n- p- Ibpw snøp- n-søpw Cu kq vax Zriy-am-Ip- p. (Agot msv: \ncq-]-w-ønse \ Ωhpw a Ω-hpw) hy n-]-c-amb CjvSm-\n-jvSßƒ \ncq-]-is hmb-\sb Hcn- epw _m[n- p- n-. F -XmWv -km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

19 Cu {KŸ-Øns as mcp khn-ti-j-x. sshtem- n- ntbmspw sshtem- n- n-i-hn-x-tbmspw khn-ti-j-amb Bfl-_ w ]pe Øn-sIm- p-x-s, Ah-bn DƒtNcp sshcp yßfn-tebv v IS- p-sn- m ImWnbv p B hw {]txyiw FSp-Øp-]-d-tb- -Xp- v. ]ptcm-k-a\ kmln-xy-{]-ÿm-\sø ap n \n p \bn Ihn-bv v. ASn-ÿm-\-h -tøm-sp- Xv `bw Ie - Xpw, kl-xm]p\y-hp-amb kvt\l-am-sw \nco- Ww {it -b-am-ip- Xv Cu kml-n-cy-øn-em-wv. At±lw Fgp-Xp p: ""B sxmgn-emfn cl-ky-ambn apjvsn Np-cp- m hf p F kxyw Ihn-bpsS D]-t_m-[-a-\- ns\ `b-s -Sp-Øp- p. apjvsn Np-cp- m X Bflss[cyw Ah t\sn F -Xn-e Ihn-bpsS kt mjw adn v AXp I t mƒ Xe snmdn-bm {ian-bv p- a- n AXv Hfn-bv m {ian p F -Xn-em-Wv...'' (h - t_m[w sshtem- n- n- -hn-x-bn, ]p. 112). sshtem- n- n hn-x-bnse kv{xo k -ev]-ønepw CØcsamcp ^yqu ImgvN \ng-en-bv p- -Xmbn At±lw Nq n- m-wn-bv p- p- v. "IÆo m-s-'ønse Hcp kμ `sø ap \n Øn "" h j-ßƒ p-ap-ºv, \h-h[p F \nebn, CtX hgp- p hc-ºn-eqss Ahƒ Xs ho ntebv p h Xv Xs ]n n \S- m-wv. Ct mƒ Fßs\-bm-Wv, F p apx-emwv F -dn-bn-, Ah-fmWv apºn \S- p- Xv! B Aº-c- ns t\cw t]m -emwp "Ihn-lr-Zbw' F pw, D z-e-aq-lq Ø-Ønse Ejn-]- Xv\n-bpsS hm p-isf ap \n Øn. ""...-kz w Xd-hm- Sns ]mc-º-cy-øn c -tx-sm-\mwv Ihn {ian- p- - Xv. AhnsS kv{xo X\nbv v Xmßpw XWepw BI- Ww...'' F pw (A-tX te-j-\w, ]p. 116,117) At±lw \nco n-bv p- p- v. sshtem- n n hn-xsb apgph\pw Hcp ]pxn-b-i-æn hmbn- p-xp-s-ßm-\p Du w Cu tej\w {]k-cn- n-bv p- p- v. X\nbv v A{X t_m[y-s -Sm-Ø IrXn-I-sf-t mepw Ah-bpsS Ncn-{X-]-c-amb {]k- nsb ap \n Øn N -bvs Sp- m {KŸ-Im-c ImWn-bv p {i - IqSn CtXm-sSm- n v ]cn-k-wn-t - -Xm-Wv. ""\ntbm mkniv kmln-xy-im-j-bn s]sp Xc-t -Sn- mø Hcp IrXn'' am{x-amb "{ZuWo-{]-`m-h-tØ-bpw,' {]Xn-]Zw sshcq]yap-s p txm n- n- p "I mwo \ms- I'sØbpw hne-bn-cp-øp-tºmƒ At±lw kzoi-cn- p \ne-]m-sp-iƒ ]pxnb hmb\ mtcbpw \ncq-]-i-tcbpw A p-x-s -Sp-Øpw. akvz-e-\-a-dn-b-øn-s\-xn-cmbpw AXns\ ap \n Øn h -tømƒ Ihn-X-bvs -Xn-cmbpw D mb Btcm-]-Wß-fpsS ap\-sbm-sn- v, B Imhy-Øns aqe-]m-tw, ]cs hniz-kn- -s -Sp t]mse ss n-fnse eq mbpss kphn-ti-j, adn v kpdn-bm-\n- {In-kvXym-\n-Iƒ n- S-bn {]Nm-c-Øn-en-cp {]qan-tbm F {]m \m- ]pkvx-i-ønse Nne-`m-K-ß-fmWv F v ÿm]n- p "akvz-e-\-a-dn-b-øns aqe-]mtw' F {]_ w. hfsc ]g-bx mø kmln-xy-tøm-sp-t]mepw \Ωƒ sh p-]pe Øp Aew-`m-hhpw Ncn-{X-tØm-Sp- Ah-K-W- \bpw Xpd- p-im-wn-bv p p. kq va-amb Hcp Ncn-{Xt_m-[-Øns ASn-ÿm-\-Øn kmln-xy-tøbpw kmln-xy-n-cn-{x-tøbpw kao-]n- p- -Xp-sIm- mwv hk- amã v Cßs\ Fgp-Xm km[n- p- -Xv sabv Cu IrXn-bnse F m ]T-\-ßfpw AXv {]Xy- o-i-cnbv p- p- v. aebmfønse kwkox-\m-sikzm[n- \sø pdn pw ]n. Fkv. hmcy-cpss cn-\-i-fnse Zriy- I-em-kw-kvIm-c-sØ- p-dn pw hni-zo-i-cn-bv p {]_ w CXn\v ani DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. ]d-bp- Xv Ip n- Iƒ v a\- n-em-i-w-sa v \n _- -_p- n-bp Hc- ym-]-i Cu {]_- -ß-fn-ep-S-\ofw \nd- p-\n-ev p- Xv ImWmw. efn-x-ambn ]d-bpi F -XmWv AXn\v At±lw kzoi-cn-bv p H m-asø hgn. X\n v IrXy-ambn t_m[y-s Imcyw a p- -h v t_m[ys -Sp coxn-bn ]d-bp-tºmƒ am{x-ap- m-ip Hcp emfn-xy-am-w-xv. as m- v, ""awk-f-iote am -cp-fo-sp-i, Rß-sS -\m-hn hcp- o-e, Nºq-Im-c- mcmw \n {]nb \ºq-cm-cpsS \ Ω-ckw'' F p ]d-bp-tºm-gpw, DS-\ofw ImØp-t]m-cp \ Ω-Øns a Ω- -X-bpw. Hcp-Zml-cWw am{xw Nq n- m-wn-bv -s. Zpc-h-ÿ-sb- n d-bp-tºmƒ kmhn-{xn-bpss Dujva-f-amb {]W-btØbpw NmØs \n Δn-Im-c-X-tbbpw ap \n Øn At±lw Fgp-Xp- p. ""\mbn-i-bpss t]cv ]e-b-h-k-c- Ønepw Xs Jfi-Im-hy-Øn\p \evinb Bim Cu hn[w XWp- -\mb Hcp-hs IqsS \nd Xmcp-Wyhp-ambn Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h\pw Ign p Iqt n h Hcp s] Ip- n-bpss Ah-ÿbv v"zpc-hÿ' F - msx F p-t]-cp -\-evip-hm? PmXn-bpsS AXn h-c- ºp-Iƒ AS p-hn-gp- -X- t m Zpc-hÿ!'' (Bim Ihn-X-bnse ]m{x-kr-jvsn. ]p.105) tik-cn-bpss \ncq-]-w-øns ÿmbo-`m-hw, \n tδ-z-amwv F p ÿm]n-bv p \ncq-]-i-\mb tikcn; B\μ-h -\-s - Imew apx p- m-bn-cp {]Xy- -I-ev]-kw-th-Z\w F Bi-bsØ ]pxnb kmln-xy-cq-]-amb t\mh-en-tebv v A y-h-km\w snbvx-xmwp \ncq-]-i-\mb hnem-kn-\n-bpss G hpw henb kw`m-h\ F v Is -Øp "hnem-kn-\n-bpss kmln-xy-ho- Ww; si. ]n. ]vxa-\m-`-ta-t\m, kn.-\mcm-b-w-]n-, si.-]n. am[-h \m-b, CS- n n Icp-Wm- I-c-ta-t\m, tae-ßøv ANyp-X-ta-t\m, Nß-ºp-g, CS- n n cml-h ]n-, kn.-b. tic-f-h Ω (hn-{i-a ), si. chn-h Ω, {imºn- ]fl-\m-`-ta-t\m, Ip n- - me \mcm-b-w- n XpS-ßn-b-h apx Ae v theph-sc-bp {]kn- cpw A{]-kn- -cp-amb kmln-xo-`- - sc- p-dn- pw, kmln-xy-ta-j-ebnse {Inbm-fl-I-amb CSs]-S-ep-I-sf- p-dn pw as m-cmƒ pw km[n-bv m-ø-hn- [-Øn _mey-im-em-\p-`-h-ßfpw kvac-w-ifpw IqSn Dƒt Øv ("Rm\pw \nev]p- -h-cpss IqsS' F psshtem n n ]d- Xv Hm Ωn- n-bv p- -Xp-t]m-se) D]- \y-kn-bv p "CS- - n-bpss kmln-xy-]m-c-ºcyw' F nßs\ CXnse Hmtcm tej-\hpw aueni-x-sim v {it b-am-wv. hnkvxmc `b-øm am{xw hni-zmw-i-ß-fntebv v IS- p- n-. F.-hn. IrjvW-hm-cy-cpsS \ncq-]-w-øns khnti-j-x-i-sf- n tum. Fkv. si. hk- s \nco- - W-ßƒ D -cn v Npcp- -s. ""]d-bm-\p Imcy-ßƒ hfsc efn-x-am-bn, bp n-]q Δ-ambn At±lw ]d-bp- p.. \ncq-]-w-øn\v FSp- p ]pkvxiw {i m-]q Δw hmbn-bv p-i, Aßs\ hmbn-bv p ka-bøv AsXgp-Xnb hy nbpw in n-sn-ifpw ap n-en F Imcyw 19

$]pxnb Fgp-Øp-Iƒ \njv -f- -X, Adn-hv, B cyw si.fkv. sh nsmnew \njv -f- -X-tbmsS B cyw {]I-Sn- n- p-tºmƒ \Ωƒ hnim-e-a-\- p Ip n-i-fm-hp- p. F p-sim- mwv \ap v Pohn-X-Øn AXv XpS-cm-\m-hm-ØXv?$

20 ]pxnb Fgp-Øp-Iƒ \njv -f- -X, Adn-hv, B cyw si.fkv. sh nsmnew \njv -f- -X-tbmsS B cyw {]I-Sn- n- p-tºmƒ \Ωƒ hnim-e-a-\- p Ip n-i-fm-hp- p. F p-sim- mwv \ap v Pohn-X-Øn AXv XpS-cm-\m-hm-ØXv? F n-\mwv AXv \Ωƒ ad- p-h-bv p- Xv? Cu hnj-bamwv Hmtjm Xs Innocence, Knowledge and Wonder F ]pkvx-i-øn N snøp- -Xv. Hmtjm-hn-s - Im-gvN- m-sp-iƒ \sω A p-x-s -Sp-Øpw. AtX-k-abw \Ωƒ am\-kn-i-ambn F{X-tØmfw sndp-xm-sw p ImWn- p-x-cp-ibpw snøpw. Cu temiøv F{X-Xcw hnuvvn-i-fp-s tnmzytøm-ss-bmwv Hmtjm N Bcw-`n- p -Xv. X\nbv v Ad-n-bn F kxyw Ad-n-bm-Ø-h km[m-cw ]mhw hnuvvn-; H pw-a-d-nbn F n-epw -A-d-nbpw F hnnmc-ap- h ]Tn v Ipg w ]nsn hnuvvn-; X\nbv v H pw Ad-nbn F dnbp- -h A\p-{K-ln- -s hnuvvn-. F m Zp:Jßƒ pw ImcWw Ah-\-h Xs -bmsw v Hmtjm hy -am- p- p- v. Zp:JØn\v Hcp ]cni-o-e\w Bh-iy-amWv; Zp:Jw krjvsn m Ipd v Ign-hp-th-Ww. kmt -Xn-I-hn-Zybpw. Adnhn msx \ciw krjvsn- m-\m-hptam? Hmtjm tnmzn- p p. B -cy-øns IÆp-Iƒ; lrz-bhpw a\- pw; Adnhv F Xv Adn-b-ep-t]m-se-b ; DØ-c-ßƒ A]-I-S-Ic-am-Wv; ]gb kz`mhw amdn ; Ip n-sb-t mse; F nßs\ Bdv A ym-b-ß-fmwv ]pkvx-i-øn-ep- -Xv. B -cy-øns IÆp-Iƒ F A ym-b-øn - A- t±lw ]d-bp p: Po\n-b v Bbn- p-x-s -bmwv F mhcpw P\n-bv p- -Xv. ]s Bfp-Iƒ thk-øn HØp-Xo n\v Xøm-dm-hp- p. HØp-Xo n\v Xøm-dm-hptºmƒ Ah-cpsS Ig-nhv A{]-Xy- -am-hp- p. _p n acn- p p. Bflm-hns\ Hcp D]-tbm-K-hp-an- mø Imcyßƒ p hn p- p... AXp-sIm- mwv B _ v G Ãn C\n-sbmcp P -ap-s - n Hcp km[m-cw Ipg -Wn m-c-\m-h-w-sa v ]d- -Xv. -{]-ikvxn, A v, ]co- -W-ßƒ F nh H pw Xs Pohn-X-Øn XS- -am-hmsx Pohn- m-a-t m... F mwv \njv -f- X? F mwv kuμcyw F - Xn\v Hmtjm Xcp hymjym\w t\m q: DZn- p-h-cp- kqcy-\n, \ -{X-ß-fn, ]q -f-n, kv{xobpss apj- Øn, ]pcp-js apj-øn FhnsS Bbmepw Ft mgm-bmepw kuμcyw \nßƒ Im-Wp- p-sh- n A\p-`hn- p- p-sh- n {i -n Ww: At mƒ Hcp Imcyw a\ n-emhpw: ap hn-[-n-i-fn- m-sx-bmwv \nßƒ {]h Øn- -Xv, s]msp- -s\-bm-wv \nßƒ {]h Øn- -Xv. B \nanjw \nßsf ]nsn- p-\n Øn. B \nanjw \nßs\ `qx-im-e-øn- \n pw AI n \n Øn. Bkzm- Z-\-Øn\v XS -am-ip- Xv ap hn-[-n-i-fm-sw- mwv Hmtjm ]d-bp- -Xv. \njv -f- X Hcp hmxn-em-wv. \njv -f- -Xbn-eqsSbmWv \nßƒ kuμ-cy-øn-se-øp- -Xv.- A-an-Xamb Adnhv ap hn-[n-iƒ kr-jvsn- p-ibpw kuμcysø Bkz-Zn- p- -Xn\v XS- -amhpw F pw Hmtjm Cu A ym-b-øn -D-Zm-l-c-W-k-lnXw hy -am- p- p- v. tbip ]d hmniw Hmtjm D cn- p- p v: Ip n- I-sf-t mse BsW- n am-{xsa Fs sszh-cm-py-ønte p \nßƒ p {]th-in- m km[n- p-i-bp- p. F mwv anãn-knkw? \nßƒ Ft m I p, A\p- `-hn p ]s hnhcn- m Ign-bp- n-. Hcp kxy- -hpambn \nßƒ I p-ap- p- p.- AXv \nßsf Aº-c- n v \n»-_vz-am- n- -f-bp- p. hm p-i-fn HXp-ßmØ hn[w hep-xm-w-xv. Cuizcm F hm n t]mepw AXv HXp-ßp- n-, AXp-sIm- mwv _p Cuiz-c F hm v Dt]- n- -Xv. Bflm-hnepw AXv HXp-ßp n-. _p Bflmhv F hm v AXp-sIm- mwv Dt]- n- -Xv. axß-fpss Bflm-hm-Wv anãn-kn-kw. Innocence, Knowledge and Wonder: Osho. St Martin s Griffin, New York. Page 178, Price Rs. 350/- Dd- p-h-cp-øp-i, Xs Akm-[m-c-W-amb ]mfin-xy-øns bpw, InS-b klr-z-b-xz-øns bpw shfn- -Øn, AXns \yq\-x-iƒ kuay-ambn Nq n- m-wn-bv p- Ibpw ta -Iƒ Aev]w Dds Øs ]d-bp-ibpw snøp-i. ]d-bp Imcy-ßƒ a\p-jy\v a\- n-em-ip 20 `mj-bn Ø-s -thww F p itn-bv p-i''. F hn. IrjvW-hm-cy-cpsS kmln-xy-\n-cq-]ww A -cm - Øn Øs Ch-tbm-tcm- pw, At±-l-Øn\pw _m[-iam-wv, F -Xns t\ km- y-am-ip p "\ncq-]-is hmb\'. l -km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

21 A ym-b-øns Ah-km-\-Øn Hmtjm ]d-bp p: \njv -f- -Xbv v apºn F m hmxnepw Xpd- p-in-s- pw. \nßƒ p ]expw Adn-bm\pw Ig-n-bpw. H pw Adn-bn-s hnnm-c-tømss hcp- -h-\mwv IqSp-X Ad-nbp- -Xpw a\- n-em- p- Xpw. lrz-bhpw a\ pw F A ymbw Bcw-`n- p- Xv Cßs\! \nß-fnse Ip n Pohn- n-cn- p-ibpw \nßtfm-ssm w \røw snøp-ibpw snøp- p-s - n AXv \nß-fpss Pohn-X-Øns A -co- -sø-øs am n- -fbpw AXv Xami ]d-bm\pw Bkz-Zn- m-\p-ap Ignhpw, at\m-l-c-amb Nncnbpw Xcpw. \nß-fpss Xe- - \sø \i-n- n- pw. \nßsf k -\- p- -h-\m- pw. emf-nxy-tøbpw AXn \n v Db-cp tnmzyßsfbpw ]WvUn-X- m `bs -Sp- pt m? Cu hnjbsø at\m-l-c-amb Hcp hni-i-e-\-øn\v A[ym-b- Øn hnt[-b-am- p- p v. emf-nxyw As - n ip - KXn Btcbpw \nß-fn-te v BI jn- n-. \nßƒ Ip n-s\-t mse ip -K-Xn- m-c-\m-sw- n P\-ßƒ \nß-fn \n v AI-epw. Ip n-sb-t m-se-bmwv \nßƒ F p ]d-bpw. Nne-t mƒ i{xp-x-tbmss s]cp-amdpw ImcWw \njv -f- -X-tbmsS \nßƒ tnmzn- p tnmzyßƒ -v -A-h v DØcw ]d-bm Ign-bn-. Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-øns thc-dp- p- -Xm-bn-cn pw \nßfpss tnmzy-ßƒ. CXn\v DZm-l-c-W-ambn Hcp A\p-`-hhpw Hmtjm ]d-bp- p- v. sszhsø Xm ƒ I n- pt m F v Hcp ]WvUn- X-t\mSv Hmtjm Ip n-bm-bn-cn- p-tºmƒ tnmzn- p p. \o Ip n-bmwv. \o hep-xm-hp-tºmƒ CsXms a\- n-emhpw F v ]WvUn-X ]d-s m-gn-bp- p. ]Tn v hen-b-h- \mbn timtfpv A ym-]-i-\m-hp Hmtjm tnmzy-hpambn ho pw ]WvUn-Xs ASp-sØ-Øp p. tnmzyw Bh Øn- p- p. Ah-km\w ac-w-øn\v sxm papºv ]WvUn-X KoX-bn ssish- p-sim v Hmtjmhnt\mSv ]d-bp p: an- -Ww. a -p- h-tcmspw an- m ]d-bww. F-\nbv v H pw Adn-bn-. Rm a p- -hsc NqjWw snøp-i-bm-bn-cp- p. F\nbv v F mw Adnbp-sa- pw Ah s m pw Ad-n-bn-s pw `mhn- p-sim- pw. temi-tøm-sp Fs Ah-km-\sØ hmniw CXmWv: F\n-bv -dn-bn-. \njv -f- -X- p- ap-ºn XI p-t]m-ip Al- mc-øns Ip p-i-sf-bmwv Hmtjm ImWn- p-x-cp- -Xv.- F- \nbv v H pw Adn-bn- - F p ]d-bm-\p IcpØv tkm{i- okv {]I-Sn- n- n-cp- p. \ne-\n v F Xv Hcp \nkq-u-x-bm-wv. B pw H pw AXns\ Ad-n-bn F m-wv Hmtjm hy -am- p- -Xv. kv{xo ]pcp-j-_- -sø- - nbpw Hmtjm Cu A ymb-øn hnh-cn- p- p- v. F p-sim v ax-ßƒ kv{xoisf `b-s -Sp p F tnmzyøn\v Hmtjm ]dbp- p. ]pcp-j- m-cmwv ax-ßƒ ÿm]n- -Xv. Xe-bn \n mwv Ah-cpsS sszh-imkv{xw h -Xv. kv{xo-isf kl-bm-{xn-i-cm- n-bm AXv {]iv\-ßƒ kr-jvsn- psa v ]pcp-j- m Icp-Xn. ImcWw kv{xoi-fpss `mj hyxy-ÿ-am-wv. ]e-`m-j-ifpw kv{xoiƒ p a\- n-em-hp-ibpw snøpw. ]e-x-e-ß-fn \n m-wv kv{xoiƒ hcp- -Xv. ]ns {][m-\-ambpw kv{xoiƒ v 2016 sabv kln-jvwpx ]pe Øm Ign-bpw. A -\m-co-iz-c-k- sø hymjym-\n- p- p v Hmtjm. {]Ir-Xnbn \n s \Ωƒ ]Tn-t - Xv? `mj Bh-iy-amtWm? {KŸ-ßƒ Bh-iy-am-tWm? Cu hnjbsø kxy-im-as IY-bn-eqsS Hmtjm N p hnjb-am- p- p- v. Kpcp-hns B -b-\p-k-cn v ]ip- -fp-ambn kxy- Im-a Im n-te pt]mip- p. a\p-jy-k-aql-hp-ambn Hcp _ hp-an- msx Hcp-]mSv Imew Ign-bp- p. BZyw Ipd v {]bmkw txm n-sb- n ]n osv Ipd p Ipd- mbn ]ip- ƒ am{x-am-hp p Iq v. -Ah kwkm-cn- n- t m! HmS- p-g hmbn pw \røw snbvxpw acøns Iogn InS pw Ign-bp- p. Ime-{I-taW `mj Xs ad- p-t]m- Ip kxy-im-a ]WvUn-X-\m-Ip- n ad-n v DZv_p- - \m-hp-i-bm-wv. ]mwvun-xy-a ad-n v {]Ir-Xn-bn \n p ]mt-amwv a\p-jys\ DW Øp- -sx v Hmtjm hy -am- p-i-bm-wv. \masø {Inb B p-tºm-gmwv kxy-øns ]mxbn \Ωƒ FØp- Xv F m-wv Adnhv F Xv Adn- p-sim- n-cn- p- -Xp-t]mse A F A ym-øn At±lw ]d-bp- Xv knowledge s\ knowing F m- Ww; Lifes\ Living B Ww Love s\ Loving B Ww Death s\ Dying B Ww F m kxyw F m-sw v IqSp-X hy -am-ipw. PohnXw F Xv Hcp \ma-a-, {Inb BsW p a\- n-em- n-bm Hcp \ng-ens\ ]n Xp-S-cp- -Xp-t]mse Pohn-XsØ a\- n-em- m-sa- m-wv Hmtjm ]d-bp- -Xv. Knowing is a process, knowledge is conclusion thz-ß-fpss hymjym-\-sø- - nbpw Hmtjm-hn\v {]txyi ImgvN- m-sp- v. Aøm-bncw h j-ß-fmbn thz-ßƒ \ne-\n p- p. A-øm-bncw h j-ßƒ ]g- -ap- -Ft m Nne- Xns\ Ah {]Xn-^-en- n- p- p. ]e hymjym-\-ßfpw h p- I-gn- p. h p-sim- n-cn- p- p. \Ωƒ t\cn- thzßsf Adn-bp- -Xv. hymjym-\-ßfn-eqss hymjym-xm- -fpss ImgvN- m-smwv Adn-bp- - Xv. kxy-sø- - n-bmwv \Ωƒ Adnbp- -Xv. kxysø Bh-W-sa- n.- Ip n-sb-t]mse F Ah-km-\sØ A ym-b-øn Hmtjm Ip n-i-fpss `mhn Xeapd-bpsS `mhn F m- Ip-sa v t]sn- p- p- v. ip -amb _p -ntbmss BWv Ip n-iƒ P-\n- p- -Xv. F m \ap v AXns\ _lpam-\n- m-\p Ign-hn-. G -hp-a-[niw NqjWw snøs -Sp hn`m-k-amwv Ip n-iƒ.- kv{xo-i-sf- mfpw IqSp- X. Ipd- p-imew Ign-bp-tºmƒ woman s lib F t]mse children s lib hf p-h-cpw. AXv Bh-iy-hp-am-Wv. ]pcpj kv{xosb ASn-a-bm- n. ]pcp-j\pw kv{xobpw IqSn Ip n-isf ASn-a-I-fm- p-i-bmwv snøp- -Xv. Ip n-iƒ \n -lm-b-cm-b-xp-sim v amxm-]n-xm- sf B{i-bn- p- p. Cu NqjWw t_m[-]q Δ-a kw`-hn- p -Xv. snøp- Xv F m-sw v amxm-]n-xm- ƒ Adn-bp- n-. temi-ønse F m {]iv\-ßƒ pw ImcWw CXm-Wv. Ad-nt m Adn-bm-sXtbm Hmtcm Xe-ap-dbpw ASpØ Xe-ap-dsb \in- n- p-sim- n-cn- p- p... l 21

$Hm Ω 1873-1936 XchØv AΩmfpAΩ ]me m p ap kn AXn ØnbnemWv XchØv XdhmSv. AhnsS 1873 G{]n 26 \v (sim. h. 1048 tasw AizXn) AΩm-fp-AΩ P\n p. A simsphmbq Nnß d ho n i c \mb. AΩ XchØv IpΩnWn AΩ.$

22 Hm Ω XchØv AΩmfpAΩ ]me m p ap kn AXn ØnbnemWv XchØv XdhmSv. AhnsS 1873 G{]n 26 \v (sim. h tasw AizXn) AΩm-fp-AΩ P\n p. A simsphmbq Nnß d ho n i c \mb. AΩ XchØv IpΩnWn AΩ. AΩmfpAΩbpsS A ae_mdn ]ebnsøpw ap kn^v Bbncp p. Ah Xncqcnse Hcp \ms gpø \n \n v _me]mtßƒ ]Tn p, Xangpw ]Tn p. Hcp {_m W kwkoxhpw ]Tn n p. hnzym`ymkw apgph ho n h mbncp p Ahsc ]p Øq timhneisø Hcp Xºpcm hnhmlw snbvxp. c p Ip niƒ P\n tijw B _ w Ahkm\n p. Ah ]me mt bv p Xmakw am n. Ipd p\mƒ Ign v [\ni\pw, sshzy\pw, Ab mc\pw Bb cma]pcw hmcysø IrjvWhmcysc hnhmlw snbvxp. AΩmfp AΩbpsS PohnXw, _ p fpss acww aqew timimipeambncp p apx acww AhcpsS _ p sf Hs m- mbn A]lcn p. A, ai, A\pPØn, A\p- PØn-bpsS aiƒ, c masø aiƒ, tpyjvt, AΩ, A\pP, aifpss Ip n, aq masø aifpss aiƒ, aiƒ, ]u{x ChcpsS F mw acwøn\v AΩmfp- AΩ km nbmbn. kzm`mhniambpw Ah B[ymflnIXbntebv v Xncn p. Cw n h v A cn Hcp tpyjvts NnXm`kvaw KwKbn Hgp- m Iminbm{X \SØnbt mƒ Ah KwK, {]bmk, Atbm[y XpSßnb ]pwyÿeßƒ kμ in p. AΩ nsemcp Xo bm{x ipno{μw I\ymIpamcn `mkøpw \SØn. Cu bm{xbn cawal jnsb sn p I p. ktlmzcs kvacw mbn hs pw- Xdbn AΩmfpAΩ kv qƒ ÿm]n p. \mspisøs kztzim`nam\ntbbpw ]Xv\ntbbpw hfsc mew Ah kzkrløn Xmakn n v kwc n p. sim n Xºpcm \evinb kmlnxykjn _ncpzw Ah 22 khn\bw \nckn pibmwp mbxv Pq 6 \v acn p. Nne t\mhepifpss hnh Ø\ßfpw, ` n{kÿßfpw BWv AΩmfpAΩbpsS kw`mh\. ` name F IrXn AtX t]cn D kwkvirx{kÿøns ]cn`mjbmwv {]kn s SpØnb IrjvW` n- N{μnI kwkvirx\msi hnh Ø\as{X. FUzn B t\mƒuns sse v Hm^v Gjy F {]kn - IrXnsb Ahew_am n Ah Xømdm nb KZy{KŸamWv _p NcnXw. FUzn B t\mƒuns IrXnbn _p s \nδmww C. _p NcnXØn B `mkhpw D v. AXn\v Ahew_w kzman\my Aø Xangn FgpXnb Hcp IrXn BW.v knkme F {_m W\v \evip XtØzm]tZiw BWv _p KmYbpsS {]tabw. i cmnmcycpss k ΔthZm kn m kw{klhpw Ah aebmføn B n. eoe Hcp Xangv t\mhens hnh Ø\w BIp p. Ipw`tImWw Sn.Fkv.Un. kzman Hcp Cw ojv t\mhens\ B[mcam n cnn Xangv t\mhens hnh Ø\w BWv 1914 {]kn oirxamb timafh n. {ioi chnpbhpw Xangn \n p hnh Ø\w BWv. Imin Dƒs ss D DØtc y ]pwyÿeßƒ kμ in pht m Ah. B bm{xbpss hnhcww BWv Hcp Xo bm{x. tic-f-km-lnxy A m-z-an-bpss ""kmln-xy-]m-c-ºcyw'' B t -hvkn \n v -km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

$k m l n - X y - N - { I - h m f w k n-zm-\-μ I-hn-X-Iƒ am\p-jn-i-xbv p th n-bp kacw AtimIv hmpvt]bv am\p-jn-i-amb temi-øn\v th n-bp ka-c-amwv k n-zm-\- μ Ihn-X-I-sf v hnjymx lnμn Fgp-Øp-Im-c AtimIv$

23 k m l n - X y - N - { I - h m f w k n-zm-\-μ I-hn-X-Iƒ am\p-jn-i-xbv p th n-bp kacw AtimIv hmpvt]bv am\p-jn-i-amb temi-øn\v th n-bp ka-c-amwv k n-zm-\- μ Ihn-X-I-sf v hnjymx lnμn Fgp-Øp-Im-c AtimIv hmpvt]bv ]d- p. F. Aø- Ihn-Xm-]-T\ ti{μw {SÃpw hnhn[ kwl-s-\- Ifpw tn v simsp-ß- q sk t{sm amfn kwl-sn- n Ihn si. k n-zm-\μs Fgp-]Xmw ]nd- mƒ BtLm-j-Øn apjy-{]-`mjww \S-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp p At±lw. ]mc-º-cy-øns thcp-i-fp B[p-\nI Ihn-X-bm-Wv k n-zm-\-μt -Xv. am\p-jn-i-amb temi-øn\v th n-bp Hcp ka-c-amwv k n-zm- \-μ-t -sx pw At±lw ]d- p. k n-zm-\-μs Ihn-X-Iƒ F hnj-b-øn kp\n ]n. Cf-bnSw {]`mjww \S-Øn. hn.-si. {iocma, \Pva _m_p, hn.si kpss_- Z, chn, sk_m-ãy F n-h {]kw-kn- p. Ihn-b-c-ßn AtimIv hmpvt]-bv, B q chn-h Ω, k n- Zm-\-μ, kmhn{xn cmpo-h, ]n.-]n. cma-n-{μ, d^oiv Al-Ω-Zv, ]n sabv cma, A h Aen, sk_m-ãy, ]n. F. tkm]o-ir-jvw, si.-b.- tsm-wn, Fw.-F-kv. _t\jv, _ taøe F n-h Ihn-X-Iƒ Ah-Xcn- n- p. H hn hnp-bs FgpØv PmXo-b-Xbv v AXoXw F Fkv am[-h H hn hnp-bs FgpØv Hcn- epw PmXo-bhpw h Ko-b-hp-am-bncp- n-s v F Fkv am[-h ]d- p. PmXnbpsSbpw h Ko-b-X-bpsSbpw `mj-bp-ssbpw enwk-øns bpw kq va-amb \nco- Ww At±-l-Øns `mj-bn-ep- v. Jkm timgn-t m-sns `mkambn H.hn hnp-b kvamci {]`mjww \S-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp p At±lw. Jkm- ns CXn-lm-k-Øn kwkv m-c-sø- p-dn- mwv hnp-b {]Xn-]m-Zn- p Xv. {] p-_v[-amb Ime-tØmSv A v Fß-s\-bmtWm AXp-t]mse t\mh C pw {]k- -ambn \n p- p. Hcp Xc- Ønepw ]nsn-sim-sp- møhy n-xz- Øn-\p-S-a-bm-bn-cp p H.hn hnp-bs\ pw At±lw ]d- p. F am[- h Ip n A[y- -\mbn. ""Nºm-S hnp-b Ahm Uv'' IÆq bqwn-th-gvkn n sshkv Nm k-e tum. JmZ aßmsv tum.-sjm Æq Im Øn-tI-b\v kωm-\n p p. -kmw-kvim-cni hm Ø-Iƒ F.-hn.bpw `mc-xob Ihn-Xbpw: skan-\m kwl-sn- n- p ti{μ-km-lnxy A m-z-anbpw F.-hn. IrjvW-hm-cn-b {Skv pw tn v "F.-hn.bpw `mc-xob Ihn- Xbpw' F hnj-b-øn skan-\m \S-Øn. kn. cm[m-ir-jvw DZvLm- S\w snbvxp. kmlnxy ]{X-{]- h Ø\w hm Øm ]{X-{]-h Ø-\- Øns `mk-am-sw- nepw BXy- n-iamb e y-ønepw {]h Ø-\-co-Xnbnepw Ah XnI pw hyxy-kvx-ßfm-sw v F.-hn. hniz-kn- n-cp- Xmbn At±lw ]d- p. kmlnxy A m-zan HmUn-t m-dnb-øn \S NS-ßn F.-hn. IrjvW-hm-cn-b kvamc-i-{sãv P\- d sk{i- dn si.-hn. cma-ir-jvw A y- -\m-bn. kmln-xy-a- m-zan s_wk-fqcp tajem sk{i- dn Fkv.- ]n. alm-enw-tk-iz-c, ticf kmlnxy A m-zan sk{i- dn B. tkm]m-e-ir-jvw, si.-]n. i -c, Fkv.-sI. hk-, Fw.-tXm-akv amxyp F n-h kwkm-cn- p. N{μ-Im v ]m o, a\p N{Ih Øn, eoeo-[ a -tem-bv, Bflmcm-a, kp\n ]n. Cf-bn-Sw, F. AP-b-Ip-am, ]n. ]hn-{x, F. Achn-μm-, ]n.-hn. IrjvW \mb F n-h F.-hn.-bp-ambpw `mc-xob Ihn-X-bp-ambpw _ -s hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-fn {]_- -ß-f-h-X-cn- n- p. Ahm Uv kωm-\n- p. IÆq {io\m-cm-bw kmwkvimcni kan-xn-bpss ""Nºm-S hnp-b Ahm Uv'' IÆq bqwn-th-gvkn n sshkv Nm k-e tum. JmZ aßmsv tum.-sjm Æq Im Øn-tIb\v kωm-\n- p. {]kn-u v si.-cm- L-h A y- X hln- p. ]n. DÆn- Ir-jvW, BIm-i-hmWn Ub-d-IvS hn.-si. _me-n-{μ F n-h {]kw- Kn- p. 23

24 k m l n - X y - N - { I - h m f w am _p ]pckvimcw e Cw ojv t\mh-en-\p {it b ]pc-kvim-c-amb am _p ss{]kv Z n-w-sim-dn-b Fgp-Øp-Imcnbmb lm Im-ßpw "Z shpnt dn-b ' F t\mh- Cw ojn-te v ]cn-`m-j-s -Sp-Ønb sut_md kvanøpw ] n- p. _p ss{]kns Ncn-{X-Øn-em-Zy-ambn ]cn- `m-j-i-s m w ]pc-kvimcw ] n-sp-ibmwv lm ImMv ]u pw (G-I-tZiw 48 e w cq]) in ]-hp-amwv kωm-\w. F.-hn. IrjvW-hm-cy Ahm Uv tum.- _n.civ_m-en\v ssh m-\ni kmln-xy-øn- \p F.-hn. IrjvW-hm-cy Ahm Un\v ticf k h-i-em-ime ap sshkv Nm k-e tum. _n. CIv_m cnn "C y Huj-[-ta- J-e C se C v' F {KŸw Xncs -Sp- -s - p. ticf `mjm C Ãn- yq pw F.-hn. kmln-xy-thznbpw kwbp- -am-bn \ Ip- -XmWv Cu ]pc-kvimcw. 10,001 cq]bpw ^e-i-hp-a-s-ßp- - XmWv Ahm Uv. F.-hn.-]pc-kvImcw A n-ø-øn\v kakvx ticf hmcy kampw ti{μ kanxn G s -Sp-Ønb {]Ya F.-hn. IrjvW-hm-cy kvamc-i -]pc-kvim-c-øn\v alm-ihn A n- ØsØ sxc-s -Sp-Ø-p. 10,001 cq]bpw {]i-kvxn-]-{xhpw ^e-ihpw AS-ßp- -XmWv Ahm Uv. kmln- Xyw, Ie, ]{X-{]-h ØI taj-e-ifn {]h Øn- p hsc-bmwv Ahm Un-\mbn ]cn-kwn p -Xv. s{]m^.-si.-hn. cma-ir-jvw snb -am\pw snmδ- q IrjvW - Ip- n, s{]m^. ]n.-ap-cfn F n-h AwK-ß-fp-am-bp kan-xn-bmwv ]pc-kvimc tpxm-hns\ sxc-s -Sp- Ø-Xv. 24 ]fl-cm-p ]pc-kvimcw C. ]n. {ioip-am-dn\v ani sndp-i-y-bv p 2015 se ]fl-cm-p ]pc-kvim-c-øn\v C.-]n. {ioip-am Fgp-Xnb "A[z-m\-th ' Xnc-s -Sp-Øp. ]Xn-\m-bncw cq]bpw ^e-ihpw AS-ßp- -XmWv ]pc-kvim-cw. si.-pn. tpm Pn\v ap -Øp-h n Ahm Uv {]apj kwhn-[m-b-i si.pn tpm v ap Øph n kmlnxy Ahm Un\v A l-\m-bn. At±-l- Øns "Cc-Iƒ' F Xnc- -Ybv mwp ]pc-kvimcw 50,000 cq]bpw inev]hpw {]ikvxn-]-{x-hp-amwv ]pc-kvim-cw. XØz-akn kmwkvim-cni thzn ]pc-kvimcw kpip-am Agn-t msv XØz-akn ]pc-kvim-c-øn\v Sn.Fw txmakv sfk pw XØz-akn ^vf-bnßv Hm^o-k kqcpv]n ]pc-kvim-c- Øn\v kwhn-[m-b-i\pw Km\-c-N-bn- Xm-hp-amb {ioip-am-c Xºnbpw A l-cm-bn. \hm-k-x p XØz-akn kmln-xy-]p-c-kvim-c-ßƒ Pn. cmlh \mb (t\m-h ), hnt\mzv sh m-b-wn (I-hn-X) F n-h pw \ Ipw. cmpohv Ccn-ßm-e- p-sbv v kzman hnth-im-\μ ]pc-kvimcw [ Ω kwc- W kan-xn-bpss kzman hnth-im-\μ ]pc-kvim-c-øn\v cmpohv Ccn-ßm-e- ps A l-\m-bn. 10,001 cq]-bmwv ]pc-kvimcw Atim-I ]pd-\m- p-ic ]pc-kvimcw C.-Sn. h Ko-kn\v Cu h jsø AtimI ]pd- \m- p-ic `mcx ap{z ]pc-kvim-c-øn\v Ahm Up-Iƒ _lp-a-xn-iƒ C.-Sn. h Kokv A l-\m-bn. 10,000 cq]bpw {]ikvxn ]{Xhpw ^e- Ihpw ASßp- -XmWv ]pc-kvimcw. \msi cwksø ka{k kw`m-h\ am\n- mwv ]pc-kvimcw \ Ip- -Xv. kwkox \msi A m-zan sshkv snb am Sn.-Fw. F{_lmw snb am\pw tum.-hn.si hnp-b, F. cmp-tkm-]m F n-h AwKß-fp-amb kan-xn-bmwv Ahm Uv \n -bn- Xv sh awn Ahm Uv sndp-ip w hmkp-tz-h\v Cs m- sø sh a-wn-kvamci Ahm Un\v sndp-ip w hmkptz-hs " Cf-\o \nthzyw' F Ihn-Xm-k-am-lmcw A l-am-bn. Ihn F si tziw, tum. hn hn A\n Ip-am, hn Pn inh-zmkv F n-h-cm-bn-cp p ]pc-kvim-c-\n Wb-k-anXn AwK-ßƒ ae-bm- q ]pc-kvimcw Iemw simt -d v D]m-k\ kmwkvim-cni thznbpss {]Ya ae-bm- q ]pc-kvim-c- Øn\v Iemw simt -d-bpss IYm-kam-lm-c-amb "eaqd-nbpss XocØv' F IrXn v e`n- p. tum. Fw. B Xºm, tum. Bd pf lcn-l-c-]p-{x, tum. ]n. tkxp-\m-y F n-h-c-s-ßp kan- Xn-bmWv ]pc-kvimcw \n W-bn- -Xv. 11,111 cq]bpw {]i-kvxn-]-{xhpw ^e-ihpw AS-ßp- -XmWv ]pckvimcw hn. A_vZp ]pc-kvimcw ssicfn \mcm-b-w\v hn. A_vZp ]cn-`mjm ]pckvim-c-øn\v ssicfn \mcm-b-w A l-bm-bn.- kn.cm[m-ir-jvws aptº ]d- p ] n-iƒ F t\mh-ens Cw ojv ]cn-`m-jbv mwv ]pc-kvim-cw. 2013, 14, 15 -km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

$- bp.-si. Fkv Nulm ti{μ ` y-h- Ip v tpmb v sk{i- -dnbpw Fgp- Øp-Im-c-\p-amb bp.- si.-fkv Nulm (D-tajv Ipam knßv Nulm 57) sabv 4 \v \yqu ln-bn A -cn- p.$ $timgn-t msv If-IvS-dm-bn-cns, cma-zmkv sshzy XpS-ßnb sxßp-i-b ]cn-io-e\ timtfpv sxßp-i-bdn DZvLm-S\w snbvxxv hm Ø-I-fn CSw-]n-Sn- n-cp- p.$ $1987- tim bw ]mem k_vi-f-ivs-dm-bmwv HutZym-Kn-I-PohnXw XpS-ßn-b-Xv. ]n osv hb-\msv, timgn-t msv Pn -I-fn If-IvS-dm-bn. Ipd- p-imew timgn-t msv tab-dpss Npa-X-ebpw hln- n-cp- p.$ $at\mpv IrjvW sabv 4 \v (45) Fd-Wm-Ip-fØv A -cn- p. ap txmfw kn\n-a-i-fn ]msn-bn- p- v.$ $Ct±-l-Ønt -Xmbn kwkox B _-ß-fp-ap- v. Akv eq_v AlvaZv A kmcn kmlnxy A mzan Ahm Uv tpxm-hpw Aen-KVv k -Δ-Iem-ime dn. {]^kdpw {]apj ]fin- X-\p-amb Akv eq_v A Zv A kmcn (91) sabv 4 \v AenKVn A -cn- p.$

25 - bp.-si. Fkv Nulm ti{μ ` y-h- Ip v tpmb v sk{i- -dnbpw Fgp- Øp-Im-c-\p-amb bp.- si.-fkv Nulm (D-tajv Ipam knßv Nulm 57) sabv 4 \v \yqu ln-bn A -cn- p. ae-bmf `mjsb Gsd kvt\ln k-lr- -Z-b\pw Ihn-bp-ambn-cp p Nu-lm. ae-bm-f-øns {]nb Ihn-I-fpsS Ht sd Ihn-X-Iƒ At±lw lnμn-bn-tebv v samgnam w \S-Øn _m nse ticf tiu sf.-f.-fkv DtZym-K-ÿ- \mwv. timgn-t msv If-IvS-dm-bn-cns, cma-zmkv sshzy XpS-ßnb sxßp-i-b ]cn-io-e\ timtfpv sxßp-i-bdn DZvLm-S\w snbvxxv hm Ø-I-fn CSw-]n-Sn- n-cp- p. Irjn-a-{ m-e-b-øn Im -jni hn]- W\ D]-tZ-i-I, \ms^-uv amt\- PnMv Ub-d-IvS F o Npa-X-e-Iƒ hln- p. F.sI AZzm\n B`y- c-a-{ n-bm-bn-cp ImeØv Hcp-h jtømfw ss{]h v sk{i- -dn-bp-am-bncp- p tim bw ]mem k_vi-f-ivs-dm-bmwv HutZym-Kn-I-PohnXw XpS-ßn-b-Xv. ]n osv hb-\msv, timgn-t msv Pn -I-fn If-IvS-dm-bn. Ipd- p-imew timgn-t msv tab-dpss Npa-X-ebpw hln- n-cp- p sabv Ncaw kvt]m Svkv- -bp-h-p\imcyw, ] n-ih Kw, Sqdnkw hip- p-i-fn Ubd-IvS-dmbpw ticf l v IΩn n snb am-\mbpw {]h Øn- n- p- v. at\mpv IrjvW ]n -Wn-Km-b- I\pw kwko-x-kwhn-[m-b-i-\p-amb Fw.-sI. at\mpv IrjvW sabv 4 \v (45) Fd-Wm-Ip-fØv A -cn- p. ap txmfw kn\n-a-i-fn ]msn-bn- p- v. F p-h j-tømfw Cf-b-\nem F h j-ß-fn ae-bm-f-øn \n v Cw o-jn-te v ]cn-`m-j-s -Sp-Ønb IrXn-I-fmWv ]pc-kvim-c-øn\v ]cn-k- Nm\ kwko-x-]-cn-]msn \S-Øn. \qdne-[niw ` n-km\ knun-iƒ v kwkoxw \ In-bn- p- v. Ct±-l-Ønt -Xmbn kwkox B _-ß-fp-ap- v. Akv eq_v AlvaZv A kmcn kmlnxy A mzan Ahm Uv tpxm-hpw Aen-KVv k -Δ-Iem-ime dn. {]^kdpw {]apj ]fin- X-\p-amb Akv eq_v A Zv A kmcn (91) sabv 4 \v AenKVn A -cn- p. Aeo-KVv k Δ-I-em-im-e-bnse Cw ojv Un m vsa v Xe-h-\m-bn-cp- p. D Zp-hnepw Cw o-jn-ep-ambn \nc-h[n IrXn-I-fpsS I Øm-hm-Wv CIv_m In txcmlv \kvta F D Zphnep IrXn- mwv kmlnxy A m-zan Ahm Uv e`n -Xv. D Zp Ihn A ma apl-azv CJv_m-ens IrXn-I-fpsS hna i-\m-fli ]T-\- Øn\v DØ {]-tziv D Zp A m- Zan Ahm Uv, Kmen_v Ahm Uv, _lp-zq jm k^ Ahm Uv F nhbpw e`n- p. Aeo-KVv k h-i-emim-e-bnse ]q h hnzym n-bmb Ct±lw HmIvkv^Uv k Δ-I-em-ime-bn \n- mwv Cw o-jn _ncpzw t\sn-b-xv. tsmwkv t_m_\pw tamfnbpw F Ip n- -Ym-]m-{X-ß-fneqsS Bdp ]Xn- m v ae-bmf Im q cwksø Ipe-]-Xnbm-bn-cp tsmwkv (hn.sn txmamkv 86) G{]n 27 \v tim -bøv A -cn- p. IYm-]m-{Xßsf At±lw Is -Øn-bXv Xs P -{Km-a-amb Be- p-g-bnse shfn-b- \m- p-\n- m-bn-cp- p. P\Xm {] n \n v ]pd-øn-dßn-bn-cp "IpSpw-_-Zo]Øn tpmen- p-i-b-dn. ]{X-{]-h Ø-I-\mbmWp XpS- w.1952 IpSpw-_-Zo-]w, Wn- -Xv. s{]m^. hn. kpip-am-c snb am-\mb kan-xn-bmwv tpxmhns\ Xnc-s -Sp-Ø-Xv. 25,000 tic-f-`q-jww ]{Xw F n-h-bn t]m v Im q-wp-iƒ hc-bv m XpS-ßn. su m sldmƒunepw it gvkv ho n-en-bnepw kz -amb CSw Is -Øn ae-bm-f-at\m-c-a-bn Im q-wn-ãm-bn. B h jw at\m-c-a-bn "t_m_\pw tamfnbpw' Im q ]c-º-cbv p XpS- -an- p. 40 h j-øn-\p-tijw at\m-c-a-bn \n p cmpn-sh- p. XpS v kz w DS-a-ÿ-X-bn tsmwkv ]ªn-t -j kv Bcw-`n- p. Chsc ti{μ-i-ym-]m-{x-ß-fm n 1971 Hcp kn\n-abpw Cd-ßn-bn-cp- p t_m_\pw tamfnbpw A\nta-j Ne- n-{x-am-bn. t_m_\pw tamfnbpw ]pkvx-i-cq-]-ønepw Cdßn-bn- p- v. am\-th-{μ-_m_p {]ikvx \msi kwhn-[m-b-i\pw Kth-j-I-\p-amb si.-kn. am\-th-{μ- _m_p (_m-_p- 62) sabv 11 \v Kpcphmbqcn A -cn- p. Ihnbpw Nn -I-\p-ambn-cp Fw. tkmhn-μ-s bpw Ipc- n-bq Imfnbw ho n NotcmØv ]flm-h- Xn-bp-tSbpw ai-\m-wv. B[p-\nI \ms-i-ß-fpss {]Nm-c- I-\m-bmWv am\-th-{μ-_m_p Adn-bs - -Xv. B[p-\nI \ms-i-ß-fpss Ah- X-c-W-Øn\pw Kth-j-W-Øn\pambn cq]w-sim A Ww Xntø- {Kq ns ÿm]-i\pw snb am-\pam-wv. Ht sd Cw ojv \ms-i-ßƒ aebm-f-øn\v ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øn. hntz-icm-py-ß-fn A -W-Øns t\xr- Xz-Øn ÿnc-amb \ms-i-th-zn-i-fp- m- n. ae-bmf\ms-i-ß-sf- p-dn v ]Tn- m {^m kv, e XpSßnb cmpy-ß-fnse \msi {]h Ø- I A -W-Øn-emWv FØn-bn-cp- - Xv. ti{μ am\-h-hn-`-h-tijn hip- nt bpw Ata-cn- t^m Uv ^ut -j-s bpw s^t m-jn- p-i-fpss klm-b-øm \nc-h[n ]co- - W-\m-S-I-ßƒ At±lw Nn -s -Sp- Øn. Xriq {Uma kv q-fnse KÃv eivn-d-dmbn {]h Øn- n-cp- p. cq]bpw {]ikvxn]{xhpw ^e-i-hpa-s-ßp- -XmWv ]pc-kvimcw 25

$amlωzw s]m Ip w skbvzv aplωzv {]hm-n-i-\mb aplωzv \_n-bpss PohnXw$ $00 cma-n-cnx am\kw Xpf-ko-Zmkv hnh: hn.$ `-c-hp-amb alm-im-hy-øn-s ]cn-`m-j.

$kºm-z\w: ]mbn-{]- cm-[m-ir-jvw kwkvir-x-`m-j-bnse$ $: 140.00 bm{xm hnh-c-w-ßƒ ]søm-ºxmw \q m- n kam-l-cww: tum.$

26 amlωzw s]m Ip w skbvzv aplωzv {]hm-n-i-\mb aplωzv \_n-bpss PohnXw Nn{Xo-I-cn alm-imhyw t]pv : 238 hne : cma-n-cnx am\kw Xpf-ko-Zmkv hnh: hn.si lcn-l-c-\p-æn-øm lnμn-`m-j-bnse G hpw P\-Io-bhpw ` n-\n `-c-hp-amb alm-im-hy-øn-s ]cn-`m-j. t]pv : 765 hne : 530 Kmcp-U-]p-cmWw AI-Øq v Zmtam-Z-c I Ømhv kºm-z\w: ]mbn-{]- cm-[m-ir-jvw kwkvir-x-`m-j-bnse AjvS-Z-i-]p-cm-W-ß-fn H mb Kmcp-U-Øns ae-bmf hnh Ø\w t]pv : 200 hne : bm{xm hnh-c-w-ßƒ ]søm-ºxmw \q m- n kam-l-cww: tum. t]mƒ aw-en 1848 apx 1906 hsc h j-ßfn cnn ]Øv bm{xm- hn-h-cw {KŸ-ßƒ Is -SpØv hymjym-\-k-lnxw Ah-X-cn- n- p IrXn. t]pv : 796 hne : tim n-iƒ v : ticf kmln-xy-a- m-zan, Xriq km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

$Fs {]nb t\mh-se- p-iƒ Fw.$ $t\mh-se- p-iƒ, "Idp- n'se \njbpw, cmk-eoe-bnse eoebpw, "acn-bbpss a[y-hn[p' hnse acn-bbpw' In n I p I '- \nse tch-xnbpw, ]mco-knse "tch-xn'bpw Hs, Zm i- \ni$ $\ -{X-ß-fpsS Nncn AIv_ I - n IY ]d- n-ens khn-ti-j-xsim v ae-bm-fn-isf hnkva-bn- n Fgp-Øp-Im-cs tej-\-ßƒ.$ $A\p-`-htem-I-ßsf {]Im-in- n-bv p- p v CXnse Hmtcm Ipdn- pw. {]km : amxr-`qan _pivkv, timgn-t msv hne: 100cq, t]pv: 134 Nmhp-Ifn C.$ $IY-I-fpsS kam-lmcw. IY-bpsS ]pxnb BJym\ amxr-i-i-fn-eq-ssbpw, A\p- `-h-øns ]pxnb N{I-hm- -fßfn-eq-ssbpw, hmb-\-bpss hk w hns Øp IYIfmWv CXn-ep- -Xv.$ $sluvam-ãdmb ANyp-X- -Wn- -cp-tsbpw IpSpw-_-Ønt bpw ] m-ø-e-øn kv{xo[\w, azy-]m-\w, Iq -B-fl-l-Xy, sime-]m-x- Iw, ]en-i- Ww XpS- -ßnb kmaq-lni hn]-øp-iƒs Xnsc$ $DW- -a-c-øn {]Wbw ]q ƒ hns Øp- Xp-t]mse, a\ ns \nkq-v-amb CS-ßsf B\μw sim v Aº-c- n-bv p sndnb IY-I-fpsS kam-lmcw.$

27 Fs {]nb t\mh-se- p-iƒ Fw. apip-μ t]sn-s -Sp-Øp iq\y-x-i-fn \n v Bcw-`n- p-ibpw s] I-Ym-]m- {X-ß-fn-eqsS k cn v ka-im-eni a\p-jy-po-hn-x-øns Zmcp-Wm-\p-`-hßsf Zriy-h-Xv -cn-bv p-ibpw snøp A p t\mh-se- p-iƒ, "Idp- n'se \njbpw, cmk-eoe-bnse eoebpw, "acn-bbpss a[y-hn[p' hnse acn-bbpw' In n I p I '- \nse tch-xnbpw, ]mco-knse "tch-xn'bpw Hs, Zm i- \ni hyy-bpss `n `mh-ßfpw ka-im-en-i-x-bpss kwl j-ß-fp-ambn hmb-\- msc th -bm-sp- p. {]km : Henhv, timgn-t m-sv, hne : 170 cq, t]pv : 194. \ -{X-ß-fpsS Nncn AIv_ I - n IY ]d- n-ens khn-ti-j-xsim v ae-bm-fn-isf hnkva-bn- n Fgp-Øp-Im-cs tej-\-ßƒ. cmjv{sobhpw kmaq-ln-ihpw Bb {]iv\-ßtfm-sp Hcp \m p-ºp-d-øp-im-cs {]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ, IpSpw-_-hn-ti-jßƒ, tzi-s m-en-a-iƒ, {]nbs hy n-iƒ, Hm Ω-Iƒ XpSßn hyxy-kvx-amb A\p-`-htem-I-ßsf {]Im-in- n-bv p- p v CXnse Hmtcm Ipdn- pw. {]km : amxr-`qan _pivkv, timgn-t msv hne: 100cq, t]pv: 134 Nmhp-Ifn C. kt m-jvip-am Nmhp-I-fn, Hcp ac-ww, \nc-h[n ac-w-ßƒ, tn, -X-Sm-Iw, Im m-sn-ac-ßƒ, I si- p-i-y, k -k-{xw, Nn{X-]p-cp-j, I\ym-Zm-\w, ]mip- ]Xw XpSßn ]Xn-s\m p IY-I-fpsS kam-lmcw. IY-bpsS ]pxnb BJym\ amxr-i-i-fn-eq-ssbpw, A\p- `-h-øns ]pxnb N{I-hm- -fßfn-eq-ssbpw, hmb-\-bpss hk w hns Øp IYIfmWv CXn-ep- -Xv. {]km : lcnxw _pivkv, timgn-t msv, hne: 110cq, t]pv: sabv ]pkvx-i -]-cn-nbw k m l n - X y - N - { I - h m f w am{ n-i-s v Ipcy-\mSv N{μ dn -tbuv kv qƒ sluvam-ãdmb ANyp-X- -Wn- -cp-tsbpw IpSpw-_-Ønt bpw ] m-ø-e-øn kv{xo[\w, azy-]m-\w, Iq -B-fl-l-Xy, sime-]m-x- Iw, ]en-i- Ww XpS- -ßnb kmaq-lni hn]-øp-iƒs Xnsc {]Xn-I-cnbv p \ms-iw. i -amb `mjbpw cwk-`m-j-bpw. {]km: Aar-X-_pIvkv, IqØm p-ip-fw hne : 90cq, t]pv : 80 ]q p- -Xns cl-ky-ßƒ ]n.-si. ]md- -S-hv. DW- -a-c-øn {]Wbw ]q ƒ hns Øp- Xp-t]mse, a\ ns \nkq-v-amb CS-ßsf B\μw sim v Aº-c- n-bv p sndnb IY-I-fpsS kam-lmcw. {]Wbhpw, ]cn-ÿn-xnbpw, bp hpw, IpSpw- _hpw Bƒ q- -hp-sa mw sndnb sndnb hm p-i-fneqss hmn-i-ß-fn-eqss hmb-\- m-cn-tebv v kw{i-anbv p- p. {]km : amxr-`qan _pivkv, timgn-t msv hne: 90cq, t]pv: 104 kmap-zm-bni cmjv{sobw C y-bnepw tic-f-ønepw si.-th-wp. axhpw, hwi-hpw, h Æhpw PmXnbpw F mw IqSnt k o Æ-amb C y kmap-zm-bni cmjv{sobsø kq va-ambn hne-bn-cp- Øp ]pkvx-iw. ]m e-sa dn cmjv{so-b-øn thm p _m v kam-lm-cwøn-\p Ffp- -am -ambn kmap-zmbni cmjv{sobw amdnøps-ß-p-tºmƒ {]iv\w ]ns bpw cq -ambnøocp- p. {]km : Henhv, timgn-t msv hne: 170cq, t]pv:

$Ad_v \msp-i-fn-eqss bm{x AUz. Fw. bq\p-kvip v bp.-f.-c.-bn-te v \S-Ønb bm{x-bmwv "Ad_v \msp-i-fn-eqss bm{x bp F Cbn ' F ]pkvx- Iw. bp.-f. bpss Ncn-{X-]-chpw `qanimkv{x]c-hp-amb {]txy-i-x-iƒ {KŸ-Øn D -S w snbvxn-cn- p- p.$ $c bnse Sqdn-kw, dnb Fkvt v _nkn-\- v, s]t{sm-fn-bw, ^nj-dokv hyh-kmb-ßƒ F n-hsb Ipdn- p hnh-c-ßƒ bp.- F.CbpsS kmº-øni \ne-hmcw \n Æ-bn- p- -Xn kp{]-[m\zøw BIp- p.$ $cho-{μ Imº- ns ] m-ø-e-øn Fgp-Xn-Øømdm nb Xnc- Y. Xmfhpw tafhpw Iebpw Ie-lhpw CWßn \nev p {][m-\-ambpw hmb-\- msc Dt±-in p Xøm-dm- nb cn\.$ ${]km: k{am v ]ªn-t -j kv, Xriq, hne : 285 cq, t]pv : 274 DØ-tc- y {Kojva-Øn-eqsS Bjm tat\m DØ-tc- y ImgvN-I-fpsS sshhn-[yhpw kwkvimcøns _lp-ap-j-ßfpw {]Xy- -s -Sp bm{xm ]pkvx-iw.$ $a\- -Æns IÆp\o-cpw, `mh-øns ] -Øp-cpØp-Ifpw Hfn- n Cu Ihn- X-I-fn `mhn-bpss {]Xo bpw, Bi- bpw BIp-e-XIfpw {]Xy- -s -Sp- p.$ ${]km : sbkv{]kv _pivkv, s]cp-ºm-hq hne : 50 cq, t]pv : 46 Irjn \ -I-fpsS Imh m ]n.-sn.$

28 Ad_v \msp-i-fn-eqss bm{x AUz. Fw. bq\p-kvip v bp.-f.-c.-bn-te v \S-Ønb bm{x-bmwv "Ad_v \msp-i-fn-eqss bm{x bp F Cbn ' F ]pkvx- Iw. bp.-f. bpss Ncn-{X-]-chpw `qanimkv{x]c-hp-amb {]txy-i-x-iƒ {KŸ-Øn D -S w snbvxn-cn- p- p. `c-w-{i-aw, Pohn-X-co-Xn, BNm-c-\pjvTm-\-ßƒ, {Ib-hn-{I-b-ßƒ F n-h-sb- p-dn- p hy -amb t_m[yw ]pkvxiw \ Ip- p. 16 A[ymbßfn-em-bn- mwv A\p-`-h-ßƒ Bhn-jvI-cWw km[y-am- n-b-xv. bp.-f.c bnse Sqdn-kw, dnb Fkvt v _nkn-\- v, s]t{sm-fn-bw, ^nj-dokv hyh-kmb-ßƒ F n-hsb Ipdn- p hnh-c-ßƒ bp.- F.CbpsS kmº-øni \ne-hmcw \n Æ-bn- p- -Xn kp{]-[m\zøw BIp- p. k ssh`hw Xnf-ßp Cu IrXn hmb-\-bn Ac-kn-IX D m- p- n F sxmcp ani-hm-wv. {]km. {]nb-z in\n ]ªn-t -j kv, Xncp-h-\- -]pcw t]pv 144, hne 120. akr-w-in-e-iƒ hn.-si. cho-{μ Imº- ns ] m-ø-e-øn Fgp-Xn-Øømdm nb Xnc- Y. Xmfhpw tafhpw Iebpw Ie-lhpw CWßn \nev p {][m-\-ambpw hmb-\- msc Dt±-in p Xøm-dm- nb cn\. {]tab kzoi-c-wønepw ]cn- N-c-W-Ønepw D hyxykvxx sim v {it -bw. {]km: k{am v ]ªn-t -j kv, Xriq, hne : 285 cq, t]pv : 274 DØ-tc- y {Kojva-Øn-eqsS Bjm tat\m DØ-tc- y ImgvN-I-fpsS sshhn-[yhpw kwkvimcøns _lp-ap-j-ßfpw {]Xy- -s -Sp bm{xm ]pkvx-iw. lnam-eb io j- Øn-te v, ssiem-k-`q-an-bn-tebv v, JPp-cm-tlm-bn-te- v, simwm n-te-bv v, k_ a-xnbn-te-bv v, Aßs\ A\p-`-h-ß-fpsS `n -tz-i-ß-fntebv v hmb-\- msc ssi]n-sn p \S-Øp hmivnm- Xpcn. {]km : Henhv, timgn-t m-sv, hne : 100 cq, t]pv : Fcn-bp- -`qan BXn-c-Zmkv amxrxzw, kv{xoxzw, {]IrXn, `mj XpS-ßnbh-sb- p-dn v Hcp Iuam-c- mcn-bpss Nn -Iƒ Ihn-Xm-cq-]-Øn. a\- -Æns IÆp\o-cpw, `mh-øns ] -Øp-cpØp-Ifpw Hfn- n Cu Ihn- X-I-fn `mhn-bpss {]Xo bpw, Bi- bpw BIp-e-XIfpw {]Xy- -s -Sp- p. {]km : sbkv{]kv _pivkv, s]cp-ºm-hq hne : 50 cq, t]pv : 46 Irjn \ -I-fpsS Imh m ]n.-sn. apl-ωzv kmznjv Irjn-bpsS _Z {ia-ßƒ F \ne-bn, AXn-Po-h-\-Øns ]pxphgn-iƒ Is -Ønb I j-i-tcbpw Irjnim-kv{X -tcbpw ]cn-n-b-s - Sp-Øp ]pkvx-iw. kp`mjv ]te-, tum. sz_ tz_v, tum. \Ωmƒhm, A Ω tzhky, si.-]n. Ceym-kv, tum. Fw. Fkv. kzman-\m-y XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS ]co- -W-ßfpw Irjn-co-Xn-Ifpw A\p- `-h-ßfpw CXn hni-z-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-bv -s -Sp- p. {]km : Henhv, timgn-t m-sv, hne : 110 cq, t]pv : 129. ae-_m-dnse tkmjy-enãv {]ÿm\w ap-ºn \S- -h _n.-si. Xncp-thm-Øv. ae-_m-dnse tkmjy-enãv {]ÿm- \-Øn\v ASn-Ød ]mim A{im w ]cn-{i-an t\xm- -sf- p-dn- p Hm Ω-Ifpw Ah-cpsS Xqen-Im-Nn-{Xßfpw. tum. si. _n tat\m, ]n.- Fw. Ip n-cm-a \ºym, si. Ip n-cm-a- p-dp- v, Fw.- si. ]fl-{]-`m-ku-u, ]n.-b. Ipdp v, Ac-ßn {io[- c, si. N{μ-ti-J-c F o t\xm- ƒ XnI angnthmss hmb-\- m v apºn-se-øp- p. {]km : amxr-`qan _pivkv, timgn-t m-sv hne : 75 cq, t]pv : 88. kn\n-a-bpss kzx{ dn -ªn- p-iƒ si.-_n. thwp. C y, B{^n, em n-\-ta-cn-, Gjy, bqtdm- v, Ata-cn XpS-ßnb {]tz-i-ß-fnse kn\n-a-i-sfbpw kwhn- [m-b-i-tcbpw ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øp Ipdn- p-iƒ. temi-øns hyxy-kvxamb kn\nam kwkvim-c-ß-fn-eq-ss-bp k mcw F p hnfn-bv m-hp ]pkvx-iw. Zo L-amb ]T-\-ßf-, kq va-amb ho -W-ß-fmWv CXn ImWp-I. {]km : amxr-`qan _pivkv, timgn-t m-sv, hne : 90 cq, t]pv : km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

$kºq Æ hy nxzw kv{xoi-fn kt mjv kv{xo PohnXØn A\p-`-hnbvt n hcp kwl j-ßsf p-dn v, hyxy-kvx-amb Nn m-]- cnk-c-ß-sf- p-dn v, Hs hni-i-e\w snøp IrXn.$ ${]km : Henhv, timgn-t msv, hne: 130cq, t]pv: 154 ]pxp-i-hn-x-bnse _lp-cq]n jn_qjv {io\m-cm-b-w Bg-ß-fn H -s \h-i-hn-xbpss ]pxn-b-tem-i-ßƒ At\z-jn- p F$ $A\n XpSßn Ccp-]-tXmfw {]apjcpss ]T-\-ßƒ CXn Dƒs m- n- n- p- v.$ ${]km : ticf`mjm C Ãn- yq- v, Xncp-h-\ ]pcw hne: 90cq, t]pv: 176 IYm-am-{ niw \an-xm-a-t\m-l hnh: si.-kn.$ $Ip n-iƒ v CjvS-s -Sp hn[-øn Fgp-Xnb ]Xn-t\gv IY-I-fmWv CXn-ep- -Xv.$ ${]km : ]q Æ ]ªn-t -j kv, timgn-t msv hne: 60cq, t]pv: 56 apjw-aq-sn-sh- -h tiin-\o-ir-jvw ]md-»me Ihn-Xm-k-am-lmcw.$ $XpSßn Ccp-]- Øn-sb p cn-\-iƒ. ka-im-en-i-x-bpss kv]μ-\-ß-fpw, Iev]-\-bpsS I\-I-a-Wn-Ifpw CS-I-e-cp lrzyamb BJym\w {]km.$ $t]pv 66 efn-xmw-_ni A \w Fs AΩ awn-ir-jvw ae-bm-f-ønse {]apj Fgp-Øp- Im-cn-bmb efn-xmw-_ni A P-\- sø- p-dn- p ai-fpss Hm Ω-Iƒ.$

29 kºq Æ hy nxzw kv{xoi-fn kt mjv kv{xo PohnXØn A\p-`-hnbvt n hcp kwl j-ßsf p-dn v, hyxy-kvx-amb Nn m-]- cnk-c-ß-sf- p-dn v, Hs hni-i-e\w snøp IrXn. ]pxnb Ime-L- - Øns khn-ti-j-amb Nne {]iv\-ß-fn-tebv p IqSn angn]mbn-bv p- p v F -XmWv Cu ]pkvx-isø {it -b-am- p- -Xv. {]km : Henhv, timgn-t msv, hne: 130cq, t]pv: 154 ]pxp-i-hn-x-bnse _lp-cq]n jn_qjv {io\m-cm-b-w Bg-ß-fn H -s \h-i-hn-xbpss ]pxn-b-tem-i-ßƒ At\z-jn- p F txma v Ip n-bpss Ihn- X-sb- p-dn- p ]T-\-ß-fpsS kamlm-cw. k n-zm-\-μ, k -dn-b, Sn.-Sn. {ioip-am, Da X-dta, si.fw. A\n XpSßn Ccp-]-tXmfw {]apjcpss ]T-\-ßƒ CXn Dƒs m- n- n- p- v. Hcp Ihn-bpsS Ihn-X-I-fpsS ]T\w F -txm-ssm w ae-bm-f-ønse ]pxp-i-hn-x-bpss ]T\w IqSn-bm-Ip- p- v. CXnse ]ecn-\-i-fpw. {]km : ticf`mjm C Ãn- yq- v, Xncp-h-\ ]pcw hne: 90cq, t]pv: 176 IYm-am-{ niw \an-xm-a-t\m-l hnh: si.-kn. Ir-jvW-Ip-am IY-Iƒ ti p ckn-bvt {]mb- Øn IY ]d p ckn- n-bv p Hsc-gp-Øp-Im-cn-bpsS Ip n- -Y-Iƒ. Ip n-iƒ v CjvS-s -Sp hn[-øn Fgp-Xnb ]Xn-t\gv IY-I-fmWv CXn-ep- -Xv. hm p-i-fpss Nmcp-X-sIm- pw, `mh-\-bpss ]c- p-sim pw hmb-\- msc hnkva-bn- n-bv p Cu ]pkvx-i-ønse Nn{X-ßfpw Fgp-Øp-Im-cn-bp-tS-Xm-Wv. {]km : ]q Æ ]ªn-t -j kv, timgn-t msv hne: 60cq, t]pv: 56 apjw-aq-sn-sh- -h tiin-\o-ir-jvw ]md-»me Ihn-Xm-k-am-lmcw. `qan-bpss PmX- I-^-ew, acn-bv p ae-bm-fw, N{μ- -e-bpss `ua-ho- -Ww, s_mω hnev]-\- m-cn, DZ-bhpw ImØv, Icnh pw Im p-]qhpw, Ahƒ Fs tzhn, Im p ]qhn-t\msv XpSßn Ccp-]- Øn-sb p cn-\-iƒ. ka-im-en-i-x-bpss kv]μ-\-ß-fpw, Iev]-\-bpsS I\-I-a-Wn-Ifpw CS-I-e-cp lrzyamb BJym\w {]km. Fh {Ko _pivkv Xncp-h-\- -]pcw 60 cq. t]pv 66 efn-xmw-_ni A \w Fs AΩ awn-ir-jvw ae-bm-f-ønse {]apj Fgp-Øp- Im-cn-bmb efn-xmw-_ni A P-\- sø- p-dn- p ai-fpss Hm Ω-Iƒ. AΩ-bmbpw apø-»n-bmbpw IpSpw- _n-\n-bm-bpw, Hs `n -`m-h-ßƒ kzoi-cn-bv p Hcp Fgp-Øp-Im-cnsb sxm -Sp-Øp-\n v, lrzbw sim v t\m n- m-wp-i-bmwv Cu ]pkvx-i- Øn. efn-xhpw lrz-b-kv] in-bp-amb BJym-\w. {]km : ssk h _pivkv, sim w, hne: 55cq, t]pv: 72 ho pw kqtcym-z-bw kn hn sh -\msv t\mh. \ncm-ew-_-bmb {]nbbpss Pohn-X-Øn IcpØpw {]Xo- -bp-ambn hcp aiƒ Im -\- bpss hf bpw Db bpw BhnjvI-cn- p t\mh. efn-x-amb `mj-bn k o Æ-X-I-fn- mø ssien-bn cnn Cu IrXn A\m-bm-k-amb hmb-\m- \p-`hw ]I-cp- p. {]km: {]`mxv _p v lukv Xncp-h-\- -]p-cw, hne 120 cq], t]pv 148 `mjmi_vz-i-ev]-{zpaw (kw-kvir-x- -a-e-bmf alm-\n-l- p) (c- p-`m-k-ßƒ) kwkvir-x-aqew : cmpm cm[m-im- -tzhv `mjm- -cww : tum. B. hnp-b-ip-am ae-bm-f-`m-j-bn kwkvirx ]T-\-Øn\v \mgn-i-i- m-ip {KŸw hne : tim n-iƒ v : ticf kmln-xy-a- m-zan, Xriq sabv 29

30 v kvacwob Zn\-ßƒ 2015 Pq 1. Pb-\m-cm-b-W, P -Zn\w 1944 si.-f-kv.-si. Xfn- p-fw, P -Zn\w C.-hn.-Pn. P -Zn\w am[yaw ]{Xw XpSßn 1986 hnzym n-an{xw _piv Unt m, XpSßn hn.-sn. tkm]m-e-ir-jvw, P -Zn\w s{]m^. si. tkm]m-e-ir-jvw Nc-a-Zn\w cmp-e- van, P -Zn\w Id _pivkv XpSßn C ym hn`-p\{]jym-]\w timhn-e (h w ]d-ºn the- Aø- ) Nc-a-Zn\w Pn. i -c- p-dp- v, P -Zn\w k Zm si.-fw. ]Wn- P -Zn\w 1895 ]n.-si. inh-i- -c-]n-, P -Zn\w ]Ω (]c-ta-iz-c-ta-t\m ) Nc-a-Zn\w AUz. Fw. IrjvW Ip n Nc-a-Zn\w Sn.-sI.-Pn. \mb, Nc-a-Zn\w kpcmkp (_m-e-tkm-]m-e- p-dp- v), Nc-a-Zn\w kn.-sf.-kn.kn. _p v lukv (F-d-Wm-Ip-fw) XpSßn temi]cn-ÿnxn Zn\w 1962 B q IrjvW- n-jm-c-sn, Nc-a-Zn\w F.-hn. {ioi-wvt-s m-xp-hmƒ, Nc-a-Zn\w tem\- \ºm-S Nc-a-Zn\w Xc-hØv AΩm-fp-h-Ω, Nc-a-Zn\w Hd-h- c \oe-i-wvt \ºq-Xn-cn, P -Zn\w D q P -Zn\w ]m p aqø-xv, P -Zn\w AºmSn \mcm-b-w-s m-xp-hmƒ, P -Zn\w IÆ P\m ±-\, P -Zn\w s{]m^. si.-hn.-tzhv P -Zn\w tum. si. `mkvi-c \mb, Nc-a-Zn\w C - -hm-cn-b, Nc-a-Zn\w Ddq_v (]n.-kn. Ip n- r-jvw ), P -Zn\w 1915 C. sambvxp-au-e-hn, Nc-a-Zn\w s{]m^.-fw.-f. hnp-b P -Zn\w F. tkm]m-e-]n-, Nc-a-Zn\w sp.-si.-hn. (tpm-k-^v. si.-hn.) Nc-a-Zn\w s{]m^. ]n. i -c \ºym, P -Zn\w ]n.-f. DØ-a Nc-a-Zn\w ] fw tic-f-h Ω, Nc-a-Zn\w ]mem-\m-cm-b-w \m-b Nc-a-Zn\w kn. IrjvW (an-x-hm-zn), P -Zn\w 1867 kzman {_ -{h-x, Nc-a-Zn\w 12. si. \mcm-b-w- p-cp- ƒ, Nc-a-Zn\w Sn. kp{_- -Wy Xncp-ap-ºv, P -Zn\w 1906 ]n. A\- ]n-, P -Zn\w kn.-f- v. Ip -, P -Zn\w si.-f. Zmtam-Z-c-ta-t\m, P -Zn\w C.-Fw.-F-kv. \ºq-Xn-cn- m-sv, P -Zn\w krvp-b (Fw.-B. \mb ), P -Zn\w tum.-si.-si. cmlp-e Nc-a-Zn\w temi c -Zm\ Zn\w, si.-si. \oe-i-wvt (C-μp-Nq-U ),Nc-a-Zn\w Ip n- r-jvw-am-cm, P -Zn\w D q Fkv. ]c-ta-iz-c-ø, Nc-a-Zn\w txmakv t]mƒ, P -Zn\w 1889 IS-Ø-\m p am[-hn-b-ω, P -Zn\w 1909 \mj-w _pivãmƒ kmln-xy-{]-h ØI kl-i-cw kwl-øn ebn p 1949 tzim-`n-am\n hmcn-i, XpSßn 1969 Fw.-F. Ipdp v P -Zn\w hn.-si. tkm]n-\m-y, Nc-a-Zn\w 2001 ae- pdw Pn cq]o-i-cn- p Nß-ºpg IrjvW-]n-, Nc-a-Zn\w hn.-fw. \mb, P -Zn\w 1896 ]p -t»cn \ºn \oe-i-wvt-i Ω, P -Zn\w 1858 ap jn ]c-ap-]n-, Nc-a-Zn\w ]n.- A-ø-t\Øv (]t{xmkv F.]n.) Nc-a-Zn\w si.-fw. tkmhn P -Zn\w tum. si.-]n. iin-[-c F.-B. cmpcm-p-h Ω, Nc-a-Zn\w Aø- m-fn, Nc-a-Zn\w amivknw tkm n Nc-a-Zn\w ]n.-f. ]Wn-, Nc-a-Zn\w hmb\zn\w ]n.-f. k\ Ip-am P -Zn\w Aa Øym-\μ (F-kv. am[-h \mb ) Nc-a-Zn\w \n[o-cn- amwn- -Ø-\m, Nc-a-Zn\w DZ-bw-t]-cq kq\-l-tzm-kv, XpSßn 1599 cml-h Xncp-ap msv P -Zn\w temi-kw-kox Zn\w ]pem- m v cho-{μ, Nc-a-Zn\w si.-f-kv.-si. Xfn- p-fw, Nc-a-Zn\w hnzzm si. {]Im-iw, P -Zn\w 1909 Pn. i -c- n-, P -Zn\w 1930 ]h-\ Nc-a-Zn\w hnem-kn\n (Fw.-sI. tat\m ), P -Zn\w 1928 simsp- p tkmhn-μ-k-w-i P -Zn\w 1924 AUz. F.-kp-P-\-]m N-c-a-Zn\w Pb-tZ-h (P-\m ±-\-ta-t\m ]ma-søv) P -Zn\w Ip q \mcm-b-w-ta-t\m, P -Zn\w 1861 knã tacn-_-\o-rvp, P -Zn\w 1901 Kpcp tkm]n-\m-yv, P -Zn\w 1908 H.-Fw.-kn. \mcm-b-w \ºq-Xn-cn msv P -Zn\w F.-]n. If-bv m-sv, P -Zn\w 1931 aq t møv Ipam-c, Nc-a-Zn\w A`-b-tZ-hv, P -Zn\w temi-a-b- -a-cp v hncp- -Zn\w DZ-bw-t]-cq kq\-l-tzmkv Ah-km-\n p 1599 F.-]n. tkm]m-e Nc-a-Zn\w hnzzm ]n. tifp-\m-b, P -Zn\w 1901 kn.-si. tkmhn-μ \m-b, Nc-a-Zn\w ap jn ]c-ap-]n-, P -Zn\w 1891 sle si P -Zn\w F.-F.-C. kph Æ-h n Nc-a-Zn\w tum. F. Aø-, Nc-a-Zn\w si. hmkp-tz-h aq -Xv (si.-hn.fw),p -Zn\w 1888 F.-sI. temln-x-zmkv Nc-a-Zn\w s{]m^. ]n.-sn. Nmt m P -Zn\w tum. si. tkmz-h Ω, Nc-a-Zn\w Un.-Un. timkm-ºn, Nc-a-Zn\w 1968 ]n.-hn. De-l- m am n-f, Nc-a-Zn\w CS-a-dpIv (tpmk^v Sn.-kn.) Nc-a-Zn\w hn.-sf. kp{_- Wyw Nc-a-Zn\w {_ -{h-x, P -Zn\w km-lnxyn{i-hmfw

$ticf kmln-xy-a- m-z-an-bpss ]pc-kvim-c-tp-xm- ƒ... -ti-c-f-km-ln-xy-a- m-z-an-bpss ]pc-kvim-c-tp-xm- fmb tum. F. ANyp-X, at\mpv amxn-c- - n, Fw. inh-{]-km-zns ]Xv\n B. B\-μ-h- n, Sn.-]n. cmpo-h, Sn.$ $tkm]m-e-ir-jvw-t\mspsam w. tic-f-km-ln-xy-a- m-z-an-bpss hm jn-im-tlm-j-th-zn-bn ae-bmf kmln-xy-n-cn-{x-øns \mev hmfy-ßƒ sxep v Ihn inhsdõn {]Im-i\w snbvx-t mƒ. tum. B.$

31 ticf kmln-xy-a- m-z-an-bpss ]pc-kvim-c-tp-xm- ƒ... -ti-c-f-km-ln-xy-a- m-z-an-bpss ]pc-kvim-c-tp-xm- fmb tum. F. ANyp-X, at\mpv amxn-c- - n, Fw. inh-{]-km-zns ]Xv\n B. B\-μ-h- n, Sn.-]n. cmpo-h, Sn.-Pn. hnp-b-ip-am, hn.fw. tzh-zm-kv, ]n.-f. tkm]o-ir-jvw, k y F.-]n., Sn.-sP. Fkv. tpm v, tum. Fw. KwKm-[-c, tum. F.-Fw. {io[-c, hn.-b. kp[o-jv, hn.-si. {]`m-i-c, kn.-hn. _me-ir-jvw, si.-f. {^m ko-kv, kp\n Rmfn-bØv F n-h A m-zan {]kn-u v s]cp-º-shw {io[-c-t\mspw sk{i- dn B. tkm]m-e-ir-jvw-t\mspsam w. tic-f-km-ln-xy-a- m-z-an-bpss hm jn-im-tlm-j-th-zn-bn ae-bmf kmln-xy-n-cn-{x-øns \mev hmfy-ßƒ sxep v Ihn inhsdõn {]Im-i\w snbvx-t mƒ. tum. B. hnp-b-ip-am, A m-zan sk{i- dn B. tkm]m-e-ir-jvw, {]kn-u v s]cp-º-shw {io[-c, s{]m^. Fw. txmakv amxyp-, tum. F. kmw, tpm v tpmk^v si. F n-h kao-]w sabv 31

C ybn thcpd- n- p ^mkn-ãv kºzvhyhÿ

\nco- Ww [ C-Xv A-k-ln-jv-Wp-X-bp-sS cq-]-øn-epw A-{I-a-Øn-s cq-]-øn-epw {]-Xn-^-en- mw [ t\m v \ntcm-[\w, Pn.-F-kv.Sn, \oxn BtbmKv C ybn thcpd- n- p ^mkn-ãv kºzvhyhÿ ^m-kn-ãv A[n-Imchyhÿ `-c-w-iq-s-øn-s