appm-ln-znsâ Xncsª-Sp \qdv sshcp²y Ä ]cnjvicn c mw ]Xn v Akvew kjm^n ]tømfn IHSAN

Transcription

1 appm-ln-znsâ Xncsª-Sp \qdv sshcp²y Ä ]cnjvicn c mw ]Xn v Akvew kjm^n ]tømfn IHSAN (Islamic Heritage Student's Arts Network) IPC Da-wa College, Payyoli

2 Mujahidinte Thiranjedutha 100 Vairuddiangal (Malayalam) Prepared by : Aslam Saqafi Payyoli ( ) Published by payyoli313@gmail.com : IHSAN (Islamic Heritage Student's Arts Network) IPC Da-wa College, Payyoli Mob: Prepress : Shafipokkunnu@gmail.com ( ) Printing : Printoclt@gmail.com ( ) Price : Rs: 60/- 2 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

3 BapJw axw kwhn-[m-\n- Xv A m-lp-hm-wv. AXv ]Tn- n- Xv Xncp\_n(-k)-bpw. axw ssiamdn-h- Xv AXn-hn-ip- -cmb, sx p-iƒ hcm kml-n-cy-an- m-ø{x hn]p-e-amb ]WvUnX irwj-ebneq-ssbm-wv. Ah-cn \n v axw ]Tn v hf -h-cmwv kp n-iƒ. hnizm-k-ønepw I Ω-Ønepw Cam-ap-I-fpsS ]n pw kp n-i-fn ImWpw. F m Akp- n-iƒ Ckvem-an\p hncp- -am-bn- {]-am-w-ß-fpss s]m pw s]msnbpw H n-s -SpØv axw \n Ωn- m {ian- p. {]amww t\m n axw ]d-bm-\p k n-^n- v F mh pw Ah \ In. Aßs\ Ah pƒs m m IgnbmØ hn[w AWn-Iƒ hf p. ]gb XuloZv ]pxnb in mbpw ]gb in v ]pxnb Xulo-Zmbpw amdn- -gn- p. ÿm]i t\xm fmb h w aue-hnbpw Aam\n aue-hnbpw ]Tn- n "A mlp' A C sø aue-hnam p- -Xv. {]m \ F m-sw p t]mepw BZy-Ime aue-hn-am -dn-bn-s v B[p-\nI aue-hn-am-cpss Is - Ø...- kp- n-iƒ Xulo-Z-dn-bm-Ø-h, {]m \ F msw v a\- n-em- m-ø-h, Im^n, apivcn v F v _lfw sh -h Ct mƒ kz w t\xm- ƒ p-t\sc Ip^vdpw in pw Btcm-]n- p p. aximcyøn a\pjy ssiisønbm sshcp yw IS phcpsa Xn\p hy amb sxfnhmwnsx mw. CamapIsf X n kzw KthjWØn\ndßnbt mƒ hnizmkønepw I ΩØnepambn \qdp W n\v sshcp yßfmwv auehnam FgpXnhn Xv. AXn \n pw Xncs SpØ 100 sshcp y߃ 3

4 GXm\pw sshcp yßfmwnxns D S w. CXn tn Ø D cwniƒ ]q Wambpw AhcpsS {]kn oicwßfn \n v t\cn v ]I ØnbXmWv. a\pjyklpamb sx piƒ CXnepw h n p mimw. {i bn s]sp h DW Ønbm AXv XncpØp XmWv PAYYOLI Akvew kjm^n ]tømfn 4 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

5 D S w A mlp...6 kzn^øv hymjym\w {]hmni m...32 _disøsp...38 {]m \...44 knlvdv...49 ItÆdv...53 ae- p-iƒ klm-bn psa hnizmkw...60 a m apivcn- p-iƒ...63 Ddp v...67 a{ w...73 Im^ndm...76 ip]m i...78 JpXp_bpsS `mj kv{xo PpapA PamAØv...87 kv{xoiƒ v J_ knbmdøv...94 Xdm-holv...98 azvl-_p-iƒ Jp\qØv ZnIvdv l J: \nkvimcønse ssisi XbΩpw Xe-adbv PwAv Jkvdv Zqc]cn[n Xe mhv [cn kzlm-_n-iƒ Cw ojv `mjm hntcm[w \_n(kz) P\n ZnhkØns {]txyix {]amwan msx hn[n ]db Jp B ]mcmbw a cw Nmen-e-I-Øns ]c-ºc AhImis Sp p sshcp y߃ 5

6 A mlp A mlp GI\mWv. \ncm{ib\mwv. k hkvxp fpw Ahs\ B{ibn mwv Ignbp Xv. Ah\mIs H ns\bpw B{ibn p n. k ÿeßfpw Imehpw krjvsn p ]cn]men p {kjvsmhmwh. Ah\n D mh \n _ amb Ccp]Xv kzn^øpifpw Hcn epw D mhm ]msn mø Ccp]Xv kzn^øpifpw PmCkmb Hcp kzn^øpw IrXyambn Adn v a\ nem nbhcmwv hnizmkniƒ. Cu hntijw߃ v \nc mø bmsxm pw \ΩpsS hnizmkøn D mbn qs. A mlphn\v ÿew, Imew, CSXv, hexv, apiƒ, Xmsg, Ahbh߃ H pw Bhiyan møh\mwv. ÿehpw Imehpsa mw Ahs krjvsnifmwv. A mlp Ahs krjvsnbmb Hcp ÿeømwv F v hnizkn Ah \ncm{ib\mwv F hntijwøns\xncmhpsa pw Ah\p Ahbhßfpw a p Ne\ßfpw Ds v hcptºmƒ cq]k ßfnte v hnizmkw sn p tncpsa pw ]dtb Xn t m. F m ÿeßfpw krjvsn pw apºv D h\mwv A mlp. Ah\p A yw C F Xpt]mse Hcp XpS hpan. BZy ]nxmhv BZw\_n(A) apx A y\mƒ hscbp k hnizmkniƒ pw A mlp H pxs bmwv. Hcp am hpw D mhm ]msn. F m CamapIsf Isømgn v {]amw߃ ]cntim[n v Zo Is Øm \ndßnb auehnam A mlphnep hnizmkøn 6 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

7 `n n XmbmWv \ap v ImWm km[n p Xv. A mlphn\p ÿetam `mktam icoctam Ds v hnizkn Ip^vdmsW v BZyImeØv ]Tn n h Xs A mlphn\p `mkhpw ÿehpw icochpaps mwv Ct mƒ ]Tn n p Xv. A mlphnep hnizmkøn auehnam ]d psh sshcp y߃ \nch[nbmwv. AhcpsS {]kn oicwßfn \n v \ap Xv hmbn mw. 100 sshcp y߃ 7

8 (1) A m-lp-hn\p `mkw Ds hnizmkw Ip^vdmWv A m-lp-hn\p `mkw, ÿew Ds hnizmkw Ckveman \n v ]pd-øp-t]m-im Imc-W-am-Ip- -Xm-Wv. si.-f.- Fw. apj-]-{x-amb "A a-\m ' Fgp-Xp p: ""A m-lp-hn\p PUw, cq]w, `mkw, ÿew apx-emb h Xpw Ds p hnizkn- p-i, apl-ωzv \_n v tijw h {]hm-n-icpw Ds t m D m-ip-sat m hniz-kn- p-i. apx-emb h Xpw snøp Bsf CXn\p (Im^ndmb A\m-Nm-cn) DZm-l-c- W-am-sb-Sp- mw.'' (A a\m 1952 P\p-hcn 20) A m-lp-hn\v `mk-ap v A m-lp-hn\p c v `mk-ap-s pw c p `mkhpw Hcp `mk-ømwv F pw hniz-kn- -W-sa- m-wv ]p-xnb KthjWw. "A a-\m ' Fgp-Xp p: ""A m-lp-hns Ccp ssiifpw (C-cp-`m-K-hpw) he-xp-`m-k-am-wv.'' (A a-\m 2004 Unkw_, t]pv 36) 1952se Ip^vdv 2004 Xulo-Zm-Ip p. tnmzyw: 1952 A mlphn\p `mkw Ds v hnizkn Ip^vdmsW Xn\pw 2004 A mlphn\v 2 `mkaps pw c pw hexp `mkamsw pw hnizkn emwv XuloZv F Xn\pw Jp B\n tcjbpt m? Ime g w sim v sszh hnizmkøn am w hcptam? am w h psh v hy amb ÿnxn v auehnamcpss AJoZ icnbs v a\ nem m h {]bmkhpapt m? 8 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

9 (2) A m-lp-hns\ Hcp ÿeøpw k n- -cpxv appmlnzv {]ÿm\øns ]nxmhv F dnbs Sp h w auehn Fgp-Xp p: ""sszhw Ime-tZi kw_- -an- m-ø-h-\m-sw pw kie ÿe-ßfpw sszh-øn\p Htc \ne-bn-ep- -Xm-sW pw {]txy-i-ambn bmsxmcp ÿeøpw sszhsø k n- p-hm ]msn-s - p-ap- Xv Ckvemw ax-øns aqe-x-xz-ß-fn s] kwk-xn-i-fm-ip- p.'' (CkvemwaX kn m kw{k-lw ]pdw 45, 46) A mlp BIm-i-Øn Da auehn Fgp-Xp p: ""bym -Øn A mlp BIm-i-Øn-em-sW- p- Xv Hcp ] - -c-am -am-ip- p.'' (^m-xn-l-bpss Xoc-Øv t]pv. 126,127) tnmzyw: sszhsø Hcp ÿeøpw k n cpsx Ckvemans aqexxzsø auehnam hens dn Xv Ft mgmwv? h w auehn bym sszh hnizmknbmbncp ns? \nßfpss hnizmkøn h w auehnbpss sszh hnizmkw icnb t m? ]ns At±lsØ Ct mgpw t\xmhmbn ]cnnbs SpØp Xv F psim v? BIm-i߃ A m-lp-hns he-xp-ssi-bn appm-ln-zns ZAvh _pivkv ]pd-øn-d- nb C_v\p A_vZn hlm-_ns AØu-loZv F {KŸ-Øn 100 sshcp y߃ 9

10 "A m-lp-hn\p \ ti Kmw`ocyw' Fs m-c-[ym-b-ap- v. AXn Nne lzo-kp-ifp -cn v AXn \n v Dƒs mt hnj-b-߃ At±lw tcj-s -Sp-Øp p: ""A m-lphns Ccp Xncp-I-c-ßsf Ipdn pw hexp ssibn BImi-ßfpw CS-Xp-ssI-bn `qanbpw BsW- p hy -am-. CSXp ssibn\p "inam ' F \ma-i-cww hy - am- n-b-xv.'' (A-Øu-loZv, t]pv 199) A m-lp-hns hexp ssibn A mlp! A a-\m Fgp-Xp p: ""A mlp BIm-i-ØmsW- p- -Xn\v hnip Jp -B-\n Hcp-]mSv Bb-Øp-Iƒ ImWm Ignbpw'' (A a-\m 2005 G{]n, t]pv 49) tnmzyw: A mlp BImiØnemsW v hnizkn p txmssm w BImiw Ahs hexpiønemsw pw hnizkn Was{X. At mƒ A mlp Ahs hexp Iønep BImiØnemtWm? BImiw krjvsn Xm cmwv? AXn\p apºv A mlp FhnsS? 10 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

11 (3) A mlp Ccp p F v hniz-kn- -cpxv si.-f.-fw. ]pd-øn-d- nb Aam\n aue-hn-bpss Jp - B hnh-c-w-øn ]Tn- n- p p: ""A in Ah Btcm-lWw snbvxp-sh hmiy- Øns _mlym sø am{xw ASn-ÿm-\-am n A mlp A in-t Ccn- p-i-bm-sw pw a pw Nne Bfp-Iƒ ]d- n- p- Xv kzoim-cy-a Xs. A m-lp-hns\ krjvsn-itfmsv ka-s -Sp-Øepw Ahs KpW-hn-ti-j-W-ßsf \ncm- I-cn- -ep-am-w-xv.'' (hn.-jp B hnh-cww. si.-f.-fw. ]pdw 1102) Ccp p F v hnizkn Ww Aam\n auehn Jp -B ]cn-`m-j-bn ]Tn- n Imcyw hnh-c-t -Sm-sW pw A mlp A in Ccn- p-i-bm-sw v hniz-kn- -W-sa pamwv Da aue-hn ]Tn n p Xv. ""knwlm-k-\-øn (A- m-lp) Ccp p F p ]d-bm ]msn-s v Nne ]d-bm-dp- v. AX-h-cpsS hnh-c-t -Sm-Wv. F p-sim-s - m Ccp p F v A mlp ]d- -Xm- Wv.'' (^m-xn-l-bpss Xoc-Øv. ]pdw 17, si.-f.-fw.) si.-f.-fw. ]pd-øn-d- p hnnn- \w hmcn-i-bn Cßs\ ImWmw. ""A mlp Ccp p F p ]d- m Aßs\ hniz-kn- p-i-b- msx kz w bp n- -\p-k-cn v hymjym-\n- -cp-xv. Ccp- n- n-s v ]d-bm\pw ]msn-.'' (hn- Nn- \w 2010 G{]n 9. ]pdw 5) 100 sshcp y߃ 11

12 tnmzyw: A mlp A in Ccp p F v ]db A mlphns\ krjvsnitfmsv kas SpØemWv F Aam\n auehnbpss hnizmkw {]Imcw Da auehn axøn\v ]pdøv. Da auehnbpss ASp Aam\nbpw axøn\v ]pdøv appmlnzpisf \n߃ axøn\itøm? ]pdtøm? c pt]scbpw t\xm fmbn ]cnnbs Sp Øp \nßfpss Imcyw IjvSw Xs! (4) A m-lp-hn\v CS-Xp ssi C si.-f.fw apj-]{xw A a-\m Fgp-Xp p: ""A mlp Ahs Hcp ssi sim v `qansb apgp-h-\mbn Npcp- n- n-sn- pw. Ahs at ssi sim v BIm-isØ Npcp- n- n-sn- p-ibpw snøpw. Ahs c v ssiifpw he-xm-wv. Ahbn CS-Xn-.'' (A a-\m 2007 sabv t]pv 57) A m-lp-hn\v CS-Xp ssi D v A a-\m Fgp-Xp p: ""A y-zn-\-øn A mlp BImi-ßsf Npcp- n-sb-sp- pw. ]n osv Xs he-xpssi sim v ]nsn tijw ]d-bpw. Rm\mWv cmpm-hv. FhnsS Al- mcn-ifpw [n m-cn-i-fpw. tijw `qansb Xs CS-XpssI sim v Npcp- n- n-sn- pw.'' (A a-\m 2009, P\p-hcn. t].24) tnmzyw: A mlphn\v CSXp ssi Ds pw Cs pw FgpXp Xv A a\mdmwv. A mlphn\v CSXp ssi Ds pw Cs pw HtckabØv hnizkn seßs\? 12 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

13 (5) A mlp Zqsc-bmWv F v hniz-kn- m-ø-h Im^n A a\m Fgp-Xp p: ""GsXm-cp-h A mlp A int Btcm-ln-X-\m-sW pw Ggm-\m-Im-i-߃ v api-fnem-sw pw krjvsn-i-fn \n pw AI- m-sw pw AwKo- I-cn- p- n- tbm Ah Im^n-dm-Wv. ] m-x-]n- -Ww. As - n Ahs ]ncsn sh -s -S-Ww.- Zn-Ωn-Iƒ pw apkvenw-iƒ pw Zp K w han- m-xn-cn- m Ahs\ Agp- n-te v Fdn-b-s -S-Ww.'' (A a\m 2009 Pq t]. 56) A mlp ASp-Øm-sW v hniz-kn- Ww A m-lp-hns hnti-j-w-ambn Jp -B\pw lzokpw ]d- Xv hymjym-\n- msx _mlym -Øn Xs hnizkn- -W-sa- m-wt m aue-hn-am-cpss ]pxnb Is -Ø. CX-\p-k-cn- mwv A mlq Zqsc-bm-sW v hniz-kn- n-s - n Im^n-dm-Ip-sa v Ah v ]Tn- n-t n h -Xv. F m Cu ]pxnb Bi-b-{]-Imcw (A-Yhm _mlym w Xs hniz-kn- -Ww) A mlp Zqsc-b hfsc ASp-ØmWv F pw Ah v Xs ]d-tb- n-h p. ""A mlp ]d-bp p: \nt msv Fs Zmk Fs - n tnmzn- m Rm G hpw ASp-Øp- -h-\m-ip p (F p ]d-bp-i).'' (A a-\m 2004 \hw-_, t]pv 11) Fw.-Fw. AIv_ auehn cnn Xulo-Zn-te v kp -Øn-te v F ]pkvxiw ImWpI: 100 sshcp y߃ 13

14 ""a\p-jy v A m-lp-hns\ ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øp-tºmƒ Ah kao-]-ÿ-\mwv F pw IWvT-\m-Un-sb- mƒ ASp- Ø-h-\mWv F pw Jp -B ]d-bp- p- v. \nt msv Fs Zmk Fs - n tnmzn- m Rm (Ah v G -hpw) ASp-Øp- -h-\m-ip p (F p ]d-bp-i) (Jp -B 2: 186) (Xu-lo-Zn-te v kp -Øn-te- v, t]pv 37. sf.-f-kv.-fw. tic-f) tnmzyw: A mlp Ggm\mImiØn\v apifn A int Ccn pibmsw pw A mlp krjvsnifn \n v AI msw pw Htckabw hnizkn seßs\? A ipw BImihpw krjvsnbs? A mlp krjvsnifn \n v AI msw v hnizkn møhs ]ncsn sh n Agp pnmen X Wsa pw CtX Ipdn n ImWp p. At mƒ BZyw ]ncsn sh n Nmen Fdntb Xv auehnamsc Xs bt? Ah Xs bt A mlp ASpØmsW pw krjvsnbmb A in Ccn p psh pw ]Tn n Xv. 14 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

15 (6) A m-lp-hn\v PUw Ds v hniz-kn- Ip^vdmWv "ap_vx-zn-av Im^n ' AYhm Ckvem-an \n v ]pdøv t]mip ]pø hm-z-øn\v DZm-l-c-W-ambn A a-\m Fgp-Xp p: ""A m-lp-hn\v PUw, cq]w, `mkw, ÿew apxemb h Xpw Ds v hniz-kn- p-i.'' (A a-\m 1952 P\p-hcn 20) A m-lp-hn\p ico-caps -XmWv ke^n hnizmkw si.-f.fw {]kn-u- m-bn-cns ac-w-a-s a S A_vZp Akokv auehn ke^n (ap-pm-ln-zv) {]ÿ-m- \sø ]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Øp- Xv ImWpI: ""ke^o am Kw AXm-bXv \_n-bp-ssbpw A\p-N-c- m-cp-ssbpw Ah-cpsS ]mc-ºcyw ]n p-s-cp- -h-cp-ssbpw am K-am-W-Xv. Ah A mlp-hn\v tbmpn- hn[-øn-ep ico-chpw Ah-b-h-ßfpw Ah-\p-s pw Ah Fß-s\-bm-bn-cn- p-sa v \ap- -dnbn-s pw hniz-kn- p- -h-cm-wv.'' (apkvenw Nn m {]ÿm- \-߃, bph-x, t]pv 95) tnmzyw: 1952 se A a\m ^Xvh {]Imcw A mlphn\v icocw, Ahbh߃ Ds v hnizkn p appmlnzpiƒ Ckveman\v ]pdøs? 100 sshcp y߃ 15

16 kzn^øv hymjym\w A mlphns knwlmk\w, ssi, apjw F nßs\ _mlym w hcp Jp B\ntem lzokntem h ]Zßsf AXns Dt±iyw A mlphn\v am{xta Adnbq F p ]d v Ah\n Xs `cta n pitbm, "A iv' F m A[nImcØns ASbmfamsW pw "hpvlv' F m kø F pw "bzv' F m Ignhv F pw hymjym\n pitbm BWv th Xv F mwv ]WvUnX ] w. appmlnzv auehnamcpw CtX A`n{]mbØn Xs bmbncp p BZyImew. ]n meøv hymjym\w kzn^øv \ntj[amsw pw _mlym Øn hnizkn v ]e ]ng hmzønepw Ah FØns p. am{xa hymjym\w kzn^øv \ntj[amwv ]msn F\v hmzn h Xs hymjym\n v kzbw kzn^øv \ntj[nbmbn amdp Xv ImWmw. (7) kzn^øns\ hymjym\n kzn^xv \ntj-[-amwv A m-lp-hns kzn^-xp-isf (hn-ti-j-w-߃) hymjym- \n- p- Xv bym -Øn \ntj-[-amwv F mwv appmln-zp-iƒ Ct mƒ ]Tn- n- p- -Xv. ""A m-lp-hn\p hnip Jp -B-\nepw kzlo-lmb lzo-kp-i-fnepw ]d hntij-w-ßsf AXns bmym y-ß-fn \n p am n as mcp Imcy-am n kzbw hymjym-\n- pi CXn\p kzn^xv 16 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

17 \ntj[w F p Xs -bmwv ax-sø- n hnh-c-ap GsXm-cmfpw ]d-bp-i.'' (hnnn- \w 2010 Pq 4, t]pv 10) hymjym-\n- Ww: h w auehn F m kzn^xv hymjym\w kzn^xv \ntj-[-a-s - mwv h w auehn apºv ]Tn- n- -Xv. At±lw Fgp-Xp p: ""_p n v Akw-`-hy-ambn ImWp _mlym -tømsv IqSnb h hmiy-ßfpw Jp -B-\ntem lzo-kntem ImWp- -Xm-bm B _mlym -a AhnsS Dt±-in- -s - n-cn- p- -sx pw _p n \ntj-[n- mø GtXm A w AhnsSbps pw \n -bn- -W-sa- p-amwv ax-kn- m- w. C{]-Im-c-ap hn-\-ßsf Ipdn v axm-nm-cy- m-cmb Deam- -fp-ss-bn-s-bn c v ] -ap- v. H v B hn-\-߃ v _p n v hntcm-[-an- mø A w D m-bn-cn- p-sa pw F m AXv \ap v Zp {K-l-am-bn-cn- p-sa pw AXn-\m B `mkw sszh-øn ka n v hnt - -W-sa- p-am-wv. CXv ]q - m-cmb De-am- -fpss (k-e-^n-s ) ] -am-ip- p. ]n m-esø De-am- -fpss ] w B `mksø `mjm- \n-b-a-a\p-k-cn v hymjym-\n v _p n v hntcm-[-an- mø A sø k n- -W-sa- m-wv.'' (CkvemwaX kn m kw{k-lw, h w aue-hn, t]pv 62) Aam\n hymjym-\n- p p si.-f.-fw. HutZym-KnI ]cn-`m-j-bn Aam\n auehn hymjym-\n- Xv IqSn ImWpI: ""Imcyw Kuc-h-Øn-se-Øp Znhkw'' 68/42 (]-cn-`m-j. t]pv 3392) ""bua bpivi^p A kmjv'' F kq -søbmwv ta ]d {]Imcw Aam\n hymjym-\n- -Xv. Ct mƒ Cu kq -Øns _mlym w ]nsn- psim mwv aue-hn-am A m-lp-hn\p IW- m Ds v hmzn- p- Xv. ""A m-lp-hn\p IW- m Ds v hniz-kn- \ap v \n _- -am-wv. IW- m shfn-hm- -s -Sp 100 sshcp y߃ 17

18 Hcp Znh-ksØ \n߃ Hm p-i. 68/42'' (hn-izm-k-im-cy߃ A m-lp, si.-f.-fw, t]. 203) tnmzyw: A mlphn\v IW meps Xn\v auehnam Ct mƒ Is Ønb kq sø Aam\n auehn hymjym\n p ]d Xv "Imcyw KuchØnseØp Znhkw' F mwv. Aam\n kzn^øv \ntj[nbmbn Ckveman\v ]pdøpt]mb ap رmtWm? kzn^øv \ntj[w ]Tn n p Aam\nbpsS Jp B ]cn`mj sif FΩns B[nImcnI Jp B hnhcwamb sxßs\? Aam\n auehnbpss hnizmkøn A mlphn\v IW men. Ct mƒ auehnam ]dbp p A mlphn\v IW meps v! \DuZp_n mlv... C{X ]ng hnizmkøn \n v A mlp \sω kwc n s. 18 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

19 (8) hymjym\w _p n-iq-\y-sa v si.]n si.-f.fw ap P\-d sk{i- -dn- si.]n apl-ωzv _n AlvaZv auehn A m-lp-hns kzn^m-øp-isf hymjym-\n- m ]msn-s v Fgp-Xn-bXv ImWpI: ""A mlphpw dkqepw A m-lp-hn-\p-]-tbm-kn- n- p \ma-hn-tij-w-߃ v \mw kz -amb hymjym-\-øn-eqss Hcm-ibw \n\- p- m- p- Xv F{X _p n-iq\yw! \mw \ncq-]n A -amwv A mlp Dt±-in- Xv F -Xn\v bmsxmcp sxfnhp-an- -t m. AXv A mlp Dt±-in- n- n- m-øxpw \ΩpsS tih-em-\p-am-\hpw am{x-am-bn-cn- m km[yx IqSp- p. F n \mw hºn Btcm-]-W-at A m-lp-hns ta \S-Øp- -Xv. AXv henb sx m-sw- -Xn ] m- -c-an-... F m ]n me ]WvUn-X- m-cn ]ecpw A mlp-hns \ma-hn-ti-j-w-ßsf hymjym-\n- p- -Xn CØcw A_- -Øn (A-dnt m Adn-bm-sX-tbm) sn p- Nm-Sn-bn-cn- p- p. Ah-cn ]e pw kzp-t±-i-am-wp- mbn-cp- Xv F Xv kxy-am-bn-cn- mw. tcmkw amd-w-sa kzp-t±-i-tømss hnjw Ign- mepw tcmkn acn- m-\n-s-bm- Ip-a-t m.'' (hn-izm-kw. ]pdw 124, 76 t\m p-i) si.-]n. hymjym-\n- p p kzn^xv hymjym-\sø i -ambn hna in si.]n auehn Xs AtX ]pkvx-i-øn hymjym-\n- p- Xv ImWmw. Dd-ßm InS- p-tºmƒ \S-tØ {]m -\ v A w ]d v At±lw \ Inb hymjym-\-an-ßs\: 100 sshcp y߃ 19

20 ""A m-lp-th, \obmwv BZy-am-bp- -h. At mƒ \n\ v apºv bmsxm- p-an-. \obmwv {]Xy- -\m-bp- h. At mƒ \ns aosx H p-an-. \o Xs -bmwv ]tcm- -\m-bp- -h-\pw. At mƒ \ns ASn-bn-embpw H p-an-. \o R߃ v ISw ho n-ø-cn-i. Zmcn-{Zy-Øn \n v R߃ v \o [\yx \ Ip-Ibpw snøp-i. (Cu hntij-w-߃ v auehn hymjym\w \ Ip- -Xn-ß-s\-bm-Wv) "\ns aosx H p-an-.' F -Xns hnh \ns AXn- P-bn- p-, \ns ta A[n-Imcw \S-Øp Bcp-an F pw \ns ASn-bn-embn H p-an F -Xns kmcw \o Adn-bmsX \ns \nb-a-]-cn-[n-bn \n v Hgn-hm-Ip Bcpw H pw C F p-am-ip- p.'' (hn-izm-kw, t]pv 90) (9) hymjym-\n- -cp-sx v Da auehn A m-lp-hns\ ] n ]d Imcy-߃ H pw hymjym- \n- msx A Sn ]d-b-w-sa v Da aue-hnbpw Fgp-Xp p: ""]cn-ip Jp -B-\nepw lzo-kp-i-fnepw A m-lp-hns\ Ipdn v F mtwm ]d- -Xv, F{X-tØm-f-amtWm ]d- Xv AXv A{X-tØmfw kzoi-cn- p- -h-cmwv Alvepp- -Øv. bmsxm pw Ah hymjym-\n- p-i-bn-.'' (^m- Xn-l-bpsS Xoc-Øv. si.-f.-fw. si. Da auehn t]pv. 126) Da auehn hymjym-\n- p p "buh bpivi^p A kmjv' F Bb-Øn\p Da aue-hn-bpss ]cn-`m-j-bn hymjym-\ta D q. _mlym w ]d- n- n-. ""hnjaw simsp-ºncn sim p \mfn (A-h-cpsS ] p-imsc lmp-cm- -s )'' (]-cn-`mj t]pv 569) 20 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

21 (10) hymjym-\-øn-s\-xnsc Fw.-Fw. AIv_ ""sszhni køsb Ipdn v Jp -B-\nepw lzo-knepw h Imcy-߃ hni-zo-i-c-wtam hymjym-\tam IqSmsX A Sn hniz-kn- p-i-sb- -XmWv k -cn-x-cmb ap Kman-I-fpsS \ne-]m-sv. \ΩpsS hi-bm-bp hni-zo-i-c-wßfpw hymjym-\-ßfpw \ Ip- Xv hnip Jp -B shfn-s -Sp-Ønb Imcy-߃ IqSp-X Zp {K-l-am-Ip- - Xn\p am{xta \nan-ø-am-iq. kz w _p n-bn bp - sa v txm nb hymjym-\-߃ \ In Jp -B-\n ]cn- N-b-s -Sp-Øp A m-lp-hns\ Adnbm {ian- -XmWv apkvenw temisø Nn m-{`w-i-߃ v \nan-ø-am-b-xv.'' (A- m-lp-hns\ Adn-bpI. t]pv 113) AIv_ hymjym-\n- p p hymjym\w apkvenw temisø Nn m-{`w-i-߃ v \nan- Ø-am-bn Fs -gp-xnb AtX ]pkvx-i-øn Xs AIv_dpw hymjym-\n- p- p- v. "Rm ASn-a-tbmSv IqsS F v _mlym w hcp kq -ßfpw lzo-kp-ifpw D cn- p-sim v Fgp-Xp p: ""Cu Jp -B kq -ß-fnepw lzo-kp-i-fn-ep-sam pw hnh- n- -s - n-cn- p- Xv sszhni kø a\p-jy -Sp- Øm-sWt m Ahs IWvT-\m-Un- p- n-em-swt m As hkvxpx {]mam-wn-i-cmb Jp -B hymjym-xm- ƒ hy -am- n-bn- p- v. A m-lp-hns Adnhpw Ign-hpam-Wn-hnsS hnh- n- -s - n- p- -sx v C mcyw ]cm-a in- 100 sshcp y߃ 21

22 p kq -߃ Xs kq va-ambn hni-i-e\w snbvxm hy -am-ipw. \ts kqnn- n lzo-kp-iƒ \ Ip hnh-chpw adn- -. IWvT-\m-Un-sb- mƒ ASp- Øm-sW p ]d- Xv A m-lp-hns hnip krjvsn-ifmb ae- p-isf Ipdn- m-sw v hymjym-\n ]WvUn-X- m-cp-ap- v.'' (A- m-lp-hns\ Adn-bp-I. t]pv 68) (11) hymjym-\-øn-s\-xnsc A a-\m ""A m-lphpw Ahs ZqX\pw A m-lp-hns\ Ipdn v F p ]d- p-x- pthm AXv Aßs\ Xs hniz-kn- p-i-bmwv th -Xv. AXns _mlym w hn v AXns s]mcpƒ txsn t]mhmt\m AXns\ hymjym-\n v H n- mt\m ]msp- -X-.'' (A a-\m 2004 Pqsse t]pv 33) A a-\m hymjym-\n- p p ""\nßsfhnss-bm-bn-cp- mepw Ah \nß-tfm-ssm- ap v'' F v _mlym w hcp kqd-xp lzozv 4 mw kq -Øn\v C_v\p Iko \ Inb hymjym\w AwKo- I-cn- p-sim v A a-\m Fgp-Xp p: ""F m Cu BbØv hni-zo-i-cn v {]apj Jp -B hymjym-xm- ƒ ]d-bp- Xv C{]-Im-c-am-Ip- p. Ah \nßsf \nco- n- p- p. \n߃ Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp- mepw Fß-s\-bm-bn-cp- mepw \nß-fpss {]h Ø-\-߃ Ah ImWp- p. F m-hcpw Ahs ImgvN pw Adn-hn\pw hnt[-b-cm-wv.'' (C_v\p Iko ) (A a\m 2005 G{]n ) 22 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

23 (12) hymjym\w ]msn-s v hnnn- \w si.-f.fw {]kn- o-i-c-w-amb hnnn- \w hmcn-i-bn Fgp-Xp p: ""A m-lp-hns kzn^-øp-iƒ Ckvem-ans AJo-Z(-hn-izm-k-Im-cy-߃) bn s] Imcy-am-Wv. hnizmk-im-cy-ß-fn CPvXn-lmZv snøm\pw hymjym-\-߃ Nabv m\pw \h-hn-b-s w Hcmƒ pw ]msn-.'' (hn-nn- \w 2010 Pqsse 23, t].10) hnnn- -\-Øn Xs hymjym\w hnnn- \w hmcn-i-bn Xs h Hcp lzokpw hymjym-\hpw ImWpI: ""\_n(k) ]d p: A mlp ]d- n-cn- p- p. Fs hen-øn-t\msv h -h\pw i{xpx ]pe Øp-I-bm-sW- n Ah-\p-ambn Rm bp w {]Jym- ]n- n-cn- p- p.... kp -Ømb I Ω-߃ aptj\ Fs ASna Rm\p-ambn ASp-Øp-sIm-t -bn-cn- pw. Aßs\ Rm Ahs\ kvt\ln- pw. Rm Ahs\ kvt\ln- m Ah\v tiƒ p ImXpw ImWp IÆpw ]nsn- p ssibpw \S- p Imepw Rm\m-bn-Øo-cpw. Ft msv tnmzn- m Rm Ah\p \ Ipw. F n A`bw txsn-bm Rm Ah\v A`bw \ Ip-Ibpw snøpw. (_p-jm-cn) bym ` - m Ah-cpsS Ah-b-h-ßsf A mlp hne- nb am K-Øn D]-tbm-Kn- p-i-bn-s pw B {ia߃ v A m-lp-hns XpW-bp- m-ip-sa pw Be- m-cni cq]-øn ]d lzo-km-wn-xv.'' (hn-nn- \w 2010 \hw- _ 26, t]pv 9) 100 sshcp y߃ 23

24 (13) kzn^xv hymjym\w ]msn : i_m_v kzn^xv hymjym-\-hp-ambn _ -s ]c-kv]c hncp Bi-b-߃ as-hq {Kq nepw ImWmw. i_m_v Fgp-Xp p: ""Ip -a \_n-h-n-\-ß-fn A m-lp-hns ssi -Ønsbbpw hnc-ep-i-sfbpw Ipdn p ]cm-a i-߃ h n- p- v... hymjym-\mxo-xhpw D]-an- m \n hm-l-an- m-øxpw \ncm- I-cn- m ]msn- m-ø-xp-am-wv. \_n-h-n-\-øn A m-lphns ssi Sw F {]tbmkw (I-^v^v) Xs {]hm-n- I-\n \n p- -cn- -s - n-cn- p- p F Xv {it -b-am-wv. D]-a-Iƒ pw hymjym-\-߃ pw AXo-X-ambn \ap- -hsb {Kln- p-i-b- msx hgn-bn-.'' (i_m_v 2004 am v) ""Jp - B\pw kp Øpw {]kvxm-hn- p A m-lp-hns kzn^- Øp-Iƒ A cw {]Xn AwKo-I-cn- m\pw XA-vho (hym- Jym-\w) Dt]- n- m\pw Blzm\w snøp- p.'' (i-_m_v 1999 k]vxw-. 3, t]pv 11) hymjym-\n- Ww: i_m_v kzn^-øp-iƒ hymjym-\n- -cp-sx pw _mlym w Xs kzoi-cn- -W-sa pw ]Tn- n i_m_v Xs ]n osv AXv bym Xulo-Z app- n-an-bm- -fpss hmzam-sw v! ""A m-lp-hns ssiiƒ, A m-lp-hns Cd w Fs mw ]d-bp kq -ßfpw lzo-kp-ifpw kµ t`m- NnXw Fhn-sSbpw hymjym-\n- m ]msn F v ]d-b 24 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

25 ke-^n-iƒ Dƒs m Xulo-Z-. {]XypX CXv app- n- an-ø-øn-s bpw Idm-an-ø-Øn-s bpw Xulo-Zm-Wv.'' (i-_m_v 2009 Pq 5 t]pv 29) ""A m-lp-hns hnti-j-w-am-sw v AwKo-I-cn- p ] w kµ `-Øn\p A\p-tbm-Py-amb \ne v hymjym-\n- m ]msn-s app- n-an-ø-øn-s bpw Idm-an-ø-Øn-s bpw hmz-amwv.'' (i-_m_v 2009 Pqsse 10, t] 28) (14) A mlp ÿe-ime k -߃ -Xo-X : i_m_v i_m_v hmcni Fgp-Xp p: ""ÿe-ime k ߃ -Xo-X-\mb A m-lp-hns AkvXn-Xz-sØ- p-dn- p Cu \ma-i-c-ww... '' (i-_m_v 2003 G{]n 25, ]pdw 5) A mlp BIm-i-Øn\p api-fn : i_m_v ""A mlp BIm-i-߃ v api-fn-em-sw v hy -am- p p... A mlp api-fn-em-bxv sim v Xs bmwv. kqdøv ap In am{x-a A mlp BIm-i-Øn\p apifn-em-sw v hy -am- n-bn- p- -Xv.''(i-_m_v 1999 k]vxw- _ 3, t]pv 11) 100 sshcp y߃ 25

26 (15) ]cn-`mj (_m-lym w) ]d-b-cpxv kn.-]n- D-a kp an Fgp-Xp p: ""hnip Jp -B\pw Xncpkp- -Øp-sa mw Ad_n `mj-bn-em-wv. Ad_n `mj-bnse Bi-b-߃ kºq W-ambn Dƒs m hnh Ø\w \ΩpsS ae-bmf `mj-bn Akm-[y-am-Wv. AXp-sIm- p- Xs ]cn-`m-j-bn- msx Jp -B-\nepw kp -Ønepw h kzn^-øp-iƒ AwKo-I-cn- -emwv G hpw DØ-aw.'' (i_m_v 2009 HIvtSm-_ 23, t]pv 11) _mlym -Øn hniz-kn- Ww ""hnip Jp -B-\nepw Ip -a {]hm-ni hn-\-ß-fn-epw D -cn- -s CØcw ]cm-a i-ß-sf mw AXns _mlyhpw hy -hp-amb Bi-b-Øn Xs \mapw kzoicn- m _m[y-ÿ-cm-ip- p.'' (i_m_v 2004 am v) 26 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

27 (16) A m-lp-hns apjw, Nncn F {]tbmkw Be- m-cniw i_m_v Fgp-Xp p: ""A m-lp-hns Ah-Im-i-Øn Nncn F {]tbmkw Ae- mc {]tbm-k-am-wv.'' (2009 Pqsse 10 t]pv 29) ""A m-lp-hns AkvXnXzw F -XmWv apjw F -Xns Dt±-iyw. apjw F p ]d- Xv kwkm-c-ønse Ae- mc {]tbm-k-am-wv.'' (i-_m_v 2009 sabv 15 t]pv 35) Be- m-cniw \ntj-[-øn-te- p am Kw A m-lp-hns kzn^-øp-isf hymjym-\n- m\pw Ae- mc {]tbm-k-am- m\pw ]msn-s v apºv Ch Xs Fgp- Xn-sh- n- p- v. ""XA-vho snø (hym-jym-\w) A]-I-S-I-c-amWv kmzriy-s -Sp-Ø \mi-i-c-am-wv. Be- m-cn-i-am- \ntj-[- Øn-te- p am K-am-Wv. Cu hkvxp-x-x-iƒ {Kln- m icn-bmb ]mx \ap v hy -am-ipw.'' (i-_m_v 1999 k]vxw- _ 3 ]pdw 11) 100 sshcp y߃ 27

28 (17) {kjvsm-hns bpw krjvsn-i-fp-ssbpw Imcy-Øn "t]mse' {]tbm-kw in v hnzq-c-øp- Xv ImWm\pw tiƒ m\pw alm- m v A mlp Ignhp \ Inbn p v F A -Øn "A mlp ImWpw t]mse ImWpw' F ]Z-{]-tbm-K-Øn ISn p Xqßn appm-ln-zp-iƒ kp n-isf apivcn- m- m {ian- m-dp- v. Hcp auehn Fgp-Xp p: ""ip in pw \pwbp-am-wn-xv. A m-lp-hn-t -sx v ]d-bp ImgvN-bpw tiƒhnbpw Ah-t Xv am{x-am-wv... -{k-jvsm-hns bpw krjvsn-i-fp-ssbpw Imcy-ß-fn Hcp-t]mse F {]tbmkw Akw-`-hyhpw ]d-bm ]msn- m-ø-xp-am-wv.'' (Xn-c-s - SpØ \pw-iƒ, t]pv 26) "t]mse' F v {]tbm-kn- p p A_vZp ljv kp an Fgp-Xp p: ""dlow'' F hntijww A mlp Ahs\ hnti-jn- n- Xv t]mse Ahs ZqXs hnti-j-w-ambpw ]d- n- p- v.'' (A- m-lp, t]pv 182, si.-f.-fw.) ""BIm-i-߃ Ahs (A- m-lp-hn-s ) hexp ssisim v Npcp- n- n-sn- -h-bm-wv. Ip n-iƒ ]s dn-bp- -Xp-t]mse Ahs he-xp-ssi-sim v Ah Fdnbpw.'' (A a-\m 2007 HIvtSm-. t].36) 28 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

29 (18) "bzv' F Xn\p ssi F w ]d-b-cpxv "bzv' F A m-lp-hns {]tbm-k-øn\p ssi F w \ I-cp-sX pw AXv Ah-b-h-ambn a\- n-em- -s -Sp-sa pw i_m_v hmcni hy -am- p- Xv ImWpI. ""bzv F Ad_n ]Z-Øn\v 25 Hmfw A -߃ kzlolp _pjm-cn-bpss hnh-c-w-amb ^Xvlp _mcn-bn Xs \ In-bn- p- v. ae-bmfw ]d-bp-tºmƒ AXn GXv A -amwv \mw ]d-bpi? ssi F v km[m-cw ]d-bp A w ]d- m AXv Hcp Ah-b-h-ambn a\- n-em- p- p. CXv A m-lp-hn\p Hcn- epw `qj-w-a- m-ø-xp-am-wv. AYhm Aßs\ `mjm- cw snøp-i-bm-sw- n AXv Ah-b-h-a-s v {]txyiw ]d-tb- -Xp-amWp Xm\pw.'' (i- _m_v 2009 HIvtSm.23) ssi F w ]d-bp p sndn-b-ap w laozv az-\n-bpss Jp -B ]cn-`mj ImWpI: ""C_veo-tk, Fs ssi sim v Rm krjvsn- p- m- n-b-xns\ \o {]W-an- p- -Xn\p \n\-s p XS- -am-wp- Xv?'' (]pdw 612) ChnsS bzv F -Xn\p hni-zo- I-c-W-an- msx Xs ssi F w \ In-bn-cn- p- p. 100 sshcp y߃ 29

30 (19) A mlp Cd-ßn-hcpw si.]n apl-ωzv auehn Fgp-Xp p: ""A m-lp-hns {]hrøn-i-fn s] Xv Xs -bmwv "Cd-ßn-h-c ' F A m-lp-hns hnti-j-ww. \ΩpsS c n-xm-hmb A mlp F m cm{xn-bnepw cm{xn-bpss aq n-sem- -h-ti-jn- ptºmƒ H mw BIm-i-tØ- n-d-ßn-h-cpw.'' (l-zo-kv)... lzokp-i-fn h t]mse hymjym-\tam \ntj-[tam cq]- I -\tbm IqSmsX A Sn kzoi-cn- pi F -XmWv (A mlphns hnti-j-w-ß-fnepw \ma-ß-fnepw {]hr-øn- I-fn-epw) ]q ni apkvenw-iƒ kzoi-cn- n-cp \ne-]m-sv. F m ]n m-e- m Nne A m-lp-hns Cu hntij-kp-wsø \ntj-[n- p- p. A mlp Cd-ßn-h-cnI F {]iv\-ta-bn F -Xm-W-h-cpsS \nk-a-\w. CXp hfsc A]- I-S-I-chpw sx m-b-xp-amb hnizm-k-am-sw- -Xn kwi-ban-.'' (hnizmkw t]pv ) CXv app- n-an-ø-øns hmzw A_vZp- emw kp an Fgp-Xp p: ""Ch Chn-sSbpw appn-an-ø-øn-s bpw Idm-an-ø-Øn-s bpw hmzw A m-lp-hns kzn^møv F p ]d v Ah-X-cn- n- p-i-bm-wv. A mlp knwlm-k-\-øn \n v Hgn-hm-Ip \ne- p Cd- -amwv ChnsS Dt±-iy-sa v ]d-bp- n-. AXp-t]mse \mw Cd w F -Xp-sIm v km[m-c-w-bmbn Dt±-in- p Dt±-iy-amWv hnh F pw {]kvxm-hn- p- n-. CsX mw A m-lp- 30 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

31 hn\p Ah-b-h-߃ D v F v ]d-bp ]ng I n-ifpss P -\-߃ am{x-am-wv. cm{xn-bpss aq n-sem- ns Ah-km\ `mkw \ne-\n mø Hcp \nan-j-t\cw `qanbn D m-hp-i-bn-. `qan ]Sn- m-dp-\n v Ing-t m v Nen- p-i-bm-wv. Hcp ÿeøp \n pw Cu kabw Ah-km-\n- p-tºmƒ Xs as mcp ÿeøv Cu kabw A\p-`-hs -Sp- p. Ccp-]-Øn-\mev awn- qdpw Cu {]{Inb \S- psim- n-cn- pw. At mƒ Cd w F -Xn\p Ch \ Ip _mlym {]Imcw knwlm-k-\-øn Btcm-lWw snøm A m-lp-hn\p ka-b-ap- m-bn-cn- p-i-bn-.'' (i- _m_v 2009 Pqsse 10, t]pv 29) 100 sshcp y߃ 31

32 {]hmni m ]m]kpc nx ae pisf t]mse ]m]kpc nxcmwv Aºnbm ƒ F v hnizkn \ap v \n _ amwv. clkyamtbm ]ckyamtbm BcpsSsb nepw Xr]vXn v th ntbm A msxtbm Hcp ]m]hpw Aºnbm fn \n v D mhpibn. \p_p Øn\v aptº Ah ]q W kpc nxcmwv. sndp Imew apx Xs sx mb Imcyßfn \n v amdn\n v PohnXw \bn hcmwv aplωzv \_n(kz) F v a bnse i{xp ƒ t]mepw kωxn pibpw A Aao F v ÿm\t cv Ah \_n(kz) v \ IpIbpw snbvxncp p. F m ticf hlm_niƒ ]Tn n p Xv PohnXØn [mcmfw hogvniƒ h hcpw ldmw lemem nbhcpw A mlp Bt ]n bmfpamwv aplωzv \_n(kz) F mwv. {]hmni mscipdn p hnizmkøn auehnam FgpXnhn sshcp y߃ ImWpI.. 32 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

33 (20) \_n (-k) ]m]-kp-c- n-x kp n-iƒ n-s-bn ]nsn- p-\n m th n Nne L ß-fn Cß-s\bpw FgpXpw: ""\_n(-k) ]m]-kp-c- n-x- \m-wv. CXv Jp -B sim v kwi-b-c-ln-x-ambn hy - amb Imcy-amWv. (hlm-_n-ifpw appm-ln-zp-i-fpw, t]pv 42, si.-f.-fw.) {]hm-n-i- m sx p snøp- -h {]hm-n-i- m sx v snbvxhcmwv F -Xn\p aue-hnam ]Tn n p Xv ImWpI: ""BZn ]nxm-hmb BZw (A)\v sx p-]- n-bxv A mlp \ap v hni-zo-i-cn p X Xv a\pjy-cn-em pw sx p kw`-hn- p-sa pw sx p snøm t{]cn- n- p ]nim-nns\ kq n- -W-sa pw DW Øm- \m-wv.'' (hn-nn- \w 2008 Pqsse 4, t]pv 9) ""BZw \_nbn \n v A\p-k-c-W-t Sv D mbn'' (A a\m 2010 Pqsse) ""\_n(-k)-bpss Nne ho -W-ß-fnepw \b-ß-fnepw ]nghp-iƒ kw`-hn- p-i-bp- m-bn- p- v. AØcw kw`-h-߃ Bh Øn- m-xn-cn- m A mlp \_nsb Bt -]n- p- I-bp- m-bn. h p-t]mb hogvn-iƒ s]mdp-øp-sim-sp- p- Ibpw snbvxp. `mcy-amsc Xr]vXn-s -Sp-Øm tx IpSn- n-s v {]hm-n-i ]d- p. CXv A mlp lem-em- nb-xns\ ldm-am- p-i-bm-wv.'' (A a\m 2010 Pqsse, t]pv 39) i_m_v hmcni Fgp-Xp p: ""{]hm-n-is Xocp-am-\- 100 sshcp y߃ 33

34 ß-fnepw {]h Ø-\-ß-fnepw h Nne hogvn-isf Jp B Xncp-Øp- p- v. \_n(-k)sb i -amb `mj-bn Xm oxv snøp-ibpw hna in- p-ibpw snøp hn-\-߃ Jp -B-\n-ep- v. \ap v \n m-c-ambn txm m-hp ]e hogvn-ifpw \_n(-k)-bn \n p- m-b-t mƒ ISpØ `mjbn A mlp \_n (k)sb Xncp-Øn-bXv ImWmw.'' (i- _m_v hmcni 2009 sabv 1, t]pv 22) tnmzyw: ]q Wambpw \ bneqss Pohn v Xn shsn v amxri ImWn m IgnbmØ Hcp hn`mksø bmtwm A mlp amxrim ]pcpjcmbn \ntbmkn Xv? Aºnbm ƒ v t]mepw PohnXØn sim phcm IgnbmØ \nbakwlnxbmtwm Ckveman\p Xv? 34 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

35 {]hmni m Akm[mcW m a\pjycnte v \ntbmkn s amxrim]pcpjcmb Aºnbm ƒ a\pjycmwv. Pnt m aet m A. ]t, km[mcw a\pjys Adnthm Ignthm A Ah p Xv. ae pisf ImWm\pw tiƒ m\pap {]IrXnb t m a\pjy\v. F m Ahsc ImWm\pw tiƒ m\pw kwhzn m\pw {]hmni m v A mlp Ignhp \ Inbn p v. AhcpsS P\\w apx Akm[m cwxzw \ap v Z in m Ignbpw. Aºnbm fpss Ncn{Xw ]Tn møhcmwv Ah \sωt mse km[mcw a\pjycmwv F v hmzn p Xv. Aºnbm ƒ \sωt m se km[mcw a\pjy am{xamsw v ]dbptºmƒ Ah v ae pifpambp _ søbpw AXphgn hlvbns\bpamwv \ntj[n p sx v hna ii a\ nem p n. (21) \_n(-k) km[m-cw Ad_n _me \_n(-k) \m Xv hb v hsc Hcp km[m-cw Ad_n _me-\mbn hf p-sh- mwv appm-lnzv hnizm-kw. \_n(- k)-bpss al-xzsø \ntj-[n- epw CIgvØn ImWn- ep-am-wn-xv. sf.-f-kv.fw ticf ]pd-øn-d nb "Xulo-Znte v kp -Øn-te v' F ]pkvx-i-øn Hcp auehn Fgp-Xp- p. ""{In. 570 BKÃv 29\p Ban-\-bp-sSbpw A_vZp- -bp-ssbpw ]p{x-\mbn apl-ωzv P\n- p. Hcp km[m-cw Ad_n _me-\mbn At±lw hf p.'' (t]pv 72, 73) 100 sshcp y߃ 35

36 \_n(-k) v Akm-[mcW _meyw \_n(-k) _mey-im-eøpw bph-xz-im-e-øp-sa mw Akm-[m-cW mc Xs -bm-bn-cp- p-. A a-\m Xs Hcn- Cu kxyw Xpd-s -gp-xn-bn- p- v. ""Ip n-{]m-b-øn Xs {]hm-n-is a\- n ]nim- Nn-\nSw \ ImsX a\- ns\ ip -am- n. A\-kv(-d) \nth- Z\w: \_n(-k) Ip n-i-tfm-ssm w Ifn- p-sim- n-cn- p-tºmƒ Pn_vco h v \_nsb ]nsn p \ne-øp-in-søn s\ v ]nf Øn Hcp amwk-]nwvuw ]pd-tø-s -SpØp F n p ]d p CXv ]nim-nn\v \n n-ep Hml-cn-bm-Wv. ]ns Hcp Xfn-I-bn AXv sh v kwkw sh w sim v Igp- In. ]ns AXns\ icn-s -SpØn X ÿm-\øv sh p. Ip n-iƒ hf Øp-Ω-bpsS ASp-tØ v HmSn Ah ]d p: apl-ωzv sim -s - p. Ah h v \_nsb FSp-Ø-t mƒ {]hm-n-i hnh W-amb ÿnxn-bn-em-bn-cp- p. A\-kv(-d) ]d-bp-i-bm-wv: \_n(-k)-bpss amdn-s-øn Xp n-b-xns AS-bmfw I n-cp- p. (ap-kvenw) ana-vdm-pns kw`-h- Ønepw CXp-t]mse \_n(-k)-bpss s\ v Iodn kwkw sh w sim v Igp-Inb kw`hw _pjm-cnbpw apkvenapw D -cn- n- p- v.'' (A a-\m 2009 Unkw-_, t]pv 28) 36 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

37 (22) \_n(-k) km[m-cw a\p-jy F p ]d-bp- -h Im^n ""\_n(-k) tihew km[m-cw a\p-jy am{x-amwv F v ]d-bp- -h Im^n-dm-Wv. \_n-bpss {]txy-i-x-iƒ \ntj-[n- -h\pw Im^n-dm-Wv.'' (k k-_o 1993 am v, t]pv 22) ""\_n(-k) km[mcw a\pjy\-. Akm-[m-cW a\pjy-\m-wv. Akm-[m-c-WXzw hfsc hy -am-wv.'' (k k- _o 1993 am v. t]pv 21) {]hm-n-i km[m-cw a\p-jy si.-f.fw azvd-k-bn ]Tn- n- n-cp Hcp BZ i-ambn-cp p {]hm-n-i km[mcw a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp p F - Xv. aq mw mknse Ckvem-anI hnizm-k-im-cy-߃ ImWpI: ""F m {]hm-n-i- mcpw km[m-cw a\p-jy Xs -bm-bn-cp- p.'' 100 sshcp y߃ 37

38 _disøsp Jp B, ZnIv, alm mcpss BkmdpIƒ XpSßnbh sim v A\p{Klw txspitbm tcmkia\w {]Xo n pitbm snøemwv X_ dpiv sim v Dt±in p Xv. CXn\p kzlm_øns amxri A\h[nbp v. \_n(kz)bpss hnb v hsns Sp p DΩpkpssew(d)tbmSv \_n(kz) tnmzn p. F n\mwv hnb v hsns Sp p Xv? CXv R߃ v kpk Øn Ie Øm\pw a ƒ v _dixn\pth nbpamwv F mbncp p adp]sn. (kzlolv apkvenw) A_q_ kzn±ojv(d)hns aiƒ AkvamAv(d) Hcp Pp FSpØpIm n ]d p: ""CXv \_n(kz) [cn XmWv. R߃ Cu Pp IgpIpIbpw B sh w sim v tcmkia\w txspibpw snøp hcmwv. (apkvenw) Cßs\ H \h[n kw`h߃ kzlm_nifpss PohnXØnep v. ticf hlm_niƒ X_ dpins hnjbønepw ]ckv]c sshcp yßfmwv kaqløn\v kw`mh\ snbvxxv. 38 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

39 (23) Xncp-tI-i-Øn\p {]txy-i-x-bn {]hm-ni tiisø \n m-c-s -SpØn Hcp auehn Fgp- Xp p: ""tii-øn\p h {]txy-i-xbpw D m-bn-cp- p-sh- n kz w Poh-s\- mƒ {]hm-n-is\ kvt\ln kzlm- _n-iƒ AXns\ kq n- p-sh- p-am-bn-cp- nt? Ah kw`cn v hnzqc apkvenw \msp-i-fnse ktlm-z-c- m v FØn v ]pwyw hmcn- q- p-am-bn-cp- nt? Xncp-tIi {]Z i-\-øneqss F v ktµ-i-am-wn-h kaq-l-øn\p \ Ip- Xv?'' (hnnn \w 2008 am v 21, t]pv 11) {]txy-ix \ntj-[n- p- -h ax-bp- n-hm-zn-iƒ \_n(-k)-bpss tii-øns {]txy-ixsbbpw Ahn- SpsØ "Bkm ' sim v _d-i-sø-sp- -en-s\bpw \ntj- [n- -h-cm-bn-cp p ticf appm-ln-zp-iƒ. F m Ct mƒ Xncp-tI-i-Øn\pw hnb n\pw a p Bkm-dp-Iƒ pw _ I- Øp-s pw AXv kzlm-_n-iƒ kzoi-cn- n-cp- p-sh pw hnnn- \w Xs lzo-kp-iƒ D -cn v ka n- p- p- v. hnnn- \w Fgp-Xp p: ""{]hm-n-i (k)-bpss Ic-Øns _ IXv {]am-w-ßfn kzlo-lmbn h n- p- v.... kzlm-_øv \_n(-k)- bpss ssi ]nsn v _ I-sØ-Sp-Øn-cp- p. hnb p-sim- p _ I-Xv... Ahn-SpsØ Xncp-tIiw sim p kzlm-_n-i-fpss X_ dp-iv. A\-kv(-d) ]d-bp p: \_n(k) 100 sshcp y߃ 39

40 an\m-bn-seøn Pwd-I-fn Is -dn- p. ]n osv an\m-bnse Xs Xºn-te v h p. F n v pc-i-t\msv Xs incns he-`mkw ImWn p ]d- p. hsn- p-sim- -s. Aßs\ he-xp-`mkw hsn- p. tijw CS-Xp-`m-K-hpw. ]n osv B apsn-iƒ P\-߃ n-s-bn hoxn p (ap-kvenw). ChnsS hoxn- -s P\-߃ alm- m-cmb kzlm-_n-i-fm-wv. Ahcmcpw Xs CXv tihew Hcp apsn-bm-sw pw AXn-\m R߃ Xv ths pw ]d- n-. kzlm-_n-bmb A\- kv(-d)s kzlo-lmb Cu dnt m p-i-sf- mƒ kzoim-cyx ]n m-eøv CXns\ \ntj-[n- p ax-bp- n-hm-zn-i-fpss _p n-lo-\-x- n-.'' (hnnn- \w 2011 Pqsse 8, t]. 10) (24) \_n(-k)-bpss hnb n\v _d-i-xn X_ dp-ins hnj-b-øn as-hq {Kq nepw `n -X-bp- v. Hcp auehn Fgp-Xp p: \_n(-k) Xs hnb s -Sp- m A\p-h-Zn- Xpw apsn hnx-cww snøm ]d- Xpw Ah-Iƒ _ I-sØ-Sp pw F \ne-bn-. A{]-Imcw Fs apsn pw hnb n\pw _ I-Xp-s v Ahn-Sp v ]d- n- p-an-.'' (i-_m_v 2011 HIvtSm-_ 21) hnb n _ I-Xp v \_n(-k)-bpss hnb v hsn-s -SpØ DΩp-kp-ssew(-d) \_n(-k)-tbmsv Rm CXn _ IXv {]Xo- n- p- ps v ]d- p-sh pw \_n(-k) AXw-Ko-I-cn- p-sh pw as-hq {Kq ns {]kn- o-i-c-w-amb X_ dpiv F ]pkvxiw Xs hy -am- p- p. ""... At mƒ DΩp-kpssew (d) h p. Xncp-ta-\n(-k) hnb Ø-Xn-\m hncn- n-ep- m-bn-cp txmens IjvW- Øn hnb v IqSn-\n p- p- m-bn-cp- p. Ah Xs kpk- -{Zhy sn v Xpd- v. F n v B hnb v H n-sb- 40 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

41 SpØv Ip n-bn ]ngn- p. At mƒ \_n(-k) DW p. Ahn-Sp v tnmzn p: DΩp kpssew. \n߃ F p-sn-øp p? Ah ]d- p. R߃ AXns _ IXv \ΩpsS Ip n- Iƒ v {]Xo- n- p- p. \_n(-k) ]d p: \o snbvxxv icn-bm-wv.'' (ap-kvenw) (X-_ dpiv: A hpw bmym yhpw. t]pv 16, bph-x) (25) "Bkm ' sim v X_ dpiv in v A_vZp- emw kp an Fgp-Xp p: ""A m-lp-hn\p ]pdsa-bp krjvsn-i-fn \n v AZr-iyhpw A`u-Xn-I-hp-amb \ne v \ B{K-ln- in pw Ip^vdp-am-Wv. {]hm-n- Is apsn-simt m hkv{xw simt m hnb v simt m at m AZr-iyhpw A`u-Xn-I-hp-amb \ne v \ B{K-ln- p-sim v _ I-sØ-Sp- Cu hip- n (in v, Ip^v ) s]sp- p.'' (i-_m_v 2011 G{]n 1, t]pv 22) Bkm sim v X_ dpiv in \_n(-k)-bpss apsn, hkv{xw a p Bkm sim v _ IsØ-Sp- in t m Ip^vtdm A. adn v AXv kzlm- _n-i-fpss am K-am-Wv. kn.]n Da kp an sxfn-hp-iƒ \ncøn C mcyw ka n- p- Xv ImWpI: ""\_n(-k)-tbmsv _ -s ]e hkvxp- -fp-ssbpw _ IXv kzlm-_n-iƒ {]tbm-p-\-s -Sp-Øn-bn- p- v. lpssz- _n-ø-bn sh v apivcn- p-i-fp-ambn kam-[m\ k n-bnte s tijw \_n(-k) Clvdm-an \ns m-gn-hm-ip-ibp- m-bn. \_n(-k) Xe-ap-WvU\w snbvx-t mƒ B apsn A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ v hn`-pn p simsp-øxmbn lzo-kn h n- p- v.'' (D-Ωp-kp-ssew(-d) hnb v hsn-s -SpØ kw`-h-a-s w \nc-h[n lzo-kp-iƒ sxfn-hmbn kn.]n kp an D -cn- n- p- v.) (i-_m_v 2010 \hw_ 12, t]pv 30) 100 sshcp y߃ 41

42 (26) appm-ln-zp-iƒ X_ dpiv \ntj-[n-i-f sim - pdw kwhm-z-th-zn-bn kp n-i-fn in m-tcm- ]n- m\pw Rß-fmWv bym Xulo-Zns h m- sf pw hmzn- p-sim v cwkøv h {]mbw sn c v aue-hn-am-cmwv kn.]n Da kp -anbpw A_vZp- emw kp an-bpw. Ct mƒ c p t]cpw Xulo-Zns t]cn ]c-kv]cw simºp-tim p-i-bm-wv. X_ dp-imwv hnj-bw. kemw kp -an-bpss hmz-{]-imcw kn.]n apivcn- m-wv. kn.-]n-bpss hmz-{]-imcw kemw kp an Xulo-Z-dn-bm-Ø-h-\pw. kn.]n Da kp an Fgp-Xp p:""appm-ln-zp-iƒ Hcn- epw X_ dpiv \ntj-[n-i-f-.'' (i-_m_v 2010 \hw-_ 12) \_n(-k)-bpss Bkm sim v X_ dpiv Bhm-sa pw AXv appm-lnzv \ntj-[n- p- n-s - p-amwv kn]n-bpss hmzw. F m \_n(-k)-bpssxmbmepw krjvsn-i-fn \n v X_ dpiv kzoi-cn- in m-sw v kemw kp anbpw. kn.-]n-bpss Bi-bsØ JWvUn- p-sim v kemw kp an i_m-_n Xs Fgp-Xp- Xv ImWpI. appm-ln-zp-iƒ X_ dpiv \ntj-[n-i-fmwv X_ dpiv krjvsn-i-fn \n v kzoi-cn- p-tºmƒ in v hcp-sa pw AXn-\m AXv kzoim-cy-a-s pw i_m-_n \n v Xs hmbn- pi: ""\_n(-k)-bpss Xncp-ti-jn- p-i-fmb aew, aq{xw, \Jw, hnb v, apsn, hkv{xw XpS-ßnb \_n(-k) Igp-In- -f-bp- Itbm Hgn-hm- p-itbm snbvxn- p hkvxp- ƒ v a p- -h v _ IXv (A-\p-{K-lw) \ Ip-I-sb- Xv km[mcw \ne-bn km[y-a-. adn v AZr-iy-amb \net km[n- q. F Xv Hcp hkvxp-x-bm-wv. AZr-iy-amb \ne v _ IXv \ Ip- -h A m-lp-hm-wv. \_n(-k) v t]mepw kz w ico-c-øn\v Hcp KpWtam tzmjtam snøm km[y- 42 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

43 a-. ]ns -sb-ß-s\-bmwv Ahn-SpsØ \n Po-h-ß-fmb tijn- p-iƒ v _ IXv \ Im km[n- pi?'' (i-_m_v 2011 HIvtSm-_ 21, t]pv 28) kemw kp an Fgp-Xp p: ""\_n(-k)-bpss apsn-sim v _ I-sØ-Sp- p-i-bm-sw- n AZr-iyhpw A`u-Xn-Ihpw ad- -Xp-amb am K-Øn-eqsS AXn \n v \ {]Xo- n- p-sim- m-sw v Ch Xs {]Jym-]n- p- p. in ns ASn-Ø-dbpw Bcw-`hpw Cu _ I-sØ-Sp- -em-wv.'' (i- _m_v 2011 G{]n 1, t]pv 23) kp an XpS-cp- p. ""AZriyhpw A`u-Xn-I-hp-amb am K-Øn-eqsS Hcm-fn \nt m Hcp hkvxp-hn \nt m \ tbm A\p-{K-ltam {]Xo- n- m AXv B a\p-jys\/hkvxp-hns\ sszh-am- -em-wv. sszh-am- pi F hnizmkw Cs - n t]mepw.'' (i_m_v 2011 G{]n 1, t]pv 24) C\n ]d-bq. appm-ln-zp-iƒ X_ dpiv \ntj-[n-i-f F v kn.]n ]d- n-s p Imcyw? {]txy-in pw X_ dpiv in Ins ASn-Ø-dbpw Bcw-`-hp-am-sW v i_m_v Xs hy -am- nb ÿnxn- v. 100 sshcp y߃ 43

44 {]m \ Ckvemans kmt XnI i_vzßfmb ZpBAv ({]m \), XuloZv, in v, _nzvaøv XpSßnb ]Zßsf Zp hymjym\n psim mwv ]pø hmzniƒ cwkøv h Xv. CamapIƒ \ Inb \n hn\߃ v ]Icw ta ]Z߃ v ]pxnb \n hn\w \ In Hcp ]pxnb axøn\v cq]w \ IpIbmbncp p Ah. AXn {][m\s H mwv {]m \. Camw dmkn(d) ZpB v \ Inb \n hn\w Cßs\bmWv: ""ASna Xs d nt\msv ]cnkw\bsb txspibpw Aht\mSv klmbw txsepamwv ZpBCs ASnÿm\w.'' (dmkn X^vko 3/ 111) CemlmWv F hnizmktømss Hcp ASna Xs d nt\msv txsp tx amwv {]m \ F efnxamb Hcp BibsØ Zp hymjym\n v apkvenw kaqløn On{ZXbp m p Ibpw in mtcm]ww \SØpIbpw snbvxh {]m \ v \ Inb \n hn\øn \n pw Ct mƒ ]n hen v ]ckv]cw in mtcm]n p Xv ImWptºmƒ {]m \ v Ah BZyw \ Inb \n hn\w sx msw v Ah v Xs t_m[ys p F s a\ nem m Ignbp Xv. {]m \bpss \n hn\øn auehnam ]Tn n Xv sshcp yßfmsw v AhcpsS {]kn oi cwßfneqss \ap v a\ nem mw. 44 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

45 (27) a\p-jy-i-gn-hn s]sm-øxv txs-emwv {]m \ {]m -\ v appm-ln-zp-iƒ \ Inb \n h-n\w Cßs\: "a\p-jy-cpss Ign-hn s]smø Imcy-߃ k^-eo-icn p Xcm-\mbn as mcp i n-tbmsv hn\-b-tømspw AXoh Xmgva-tbmSpw IqSn tnmzn- p- -Xn-\mWv {]m \ F p ]d-bp- -Xv.'' (kz-`mh ]mt-߃, 3 mw mkv, t]pv 46) ""Xs Bh-iy-߃ GXv cq]-øn-ep Xmbmepw a\pjy Xs \n -lm-bx {]I-Sn- n v hnfn- p GXv hnfnbpw {]m -\-bm-wv.'' (hn-nn- \w 2012 HIvtSm-_ 19, t]pv 7) CXm-sc- nepw ]d-bptam? ap Km-an-Ifmb Cam-ao-߃ v {]m \ F mwv F dn-bn F v Ko hmww apg- n-b-h Ct mƒ _lfw sh p-sim- n-cn- p- Xpw ]c-kv]cw in pw Ip^vdpw Btcm-]n- p- Xpw CtX {]m -\-bpss Imcy-Øn-em-Wv. C m-e-a-{xbpw \mw ]Tn- n {]m \ icn-b-s pw Cu \n h-n\w Bsc- nepw ]d-bptam F p-amwv kicnø kzemln A p-x-tømss tnmzn- p- -Xv. At±lw Fgp-Xp p: ""a\p-jy\v Ign-bm-ØXv a\p-jy-\- mø a p Pohn-I-tfmSv tnmzn- m in m-ip-sa v Bsc- nepw ]dbptam? a\p-jy-\n- mø h Ignhpw a p h Pohn pw Ds - n AXns\ Ipdn v A`u-XnIw F v hi-xn-cn-hp- -h ]d-bptam? henb ac-ø-sn-iƒ ]nsn v hen v sim v 100 sshcp y߃ 45

46 hcm a\p-jy ]e-t mgpw B\-bpsS klmbw txsmdnt? AXv A`u-XnI klmb tx -amtwm? henb {LmWti-jn-bp \mbsb tikp-iƒ sxfn-bn- m D]-tbm-Kn- m-dnt? Aßs\ a\p-jy-\n- mø {LmW-i- n-bp t]meokv \mbsb sim v tikv sxfn-bn- m kp -anbpss ho -W-Øn ip in m-int?'' (A- w-si tnmzy-߃, t]pv 27) (]-gb \n h-n-\w Xs -bmwv icn-sb v hmzn- p kzem-ln-bpss Kpcp IqSn-bmb kemw kp -an-sb-bmwv apifn kp an F XpsIm v Dt±-in- -Xv.) ticf apkvenw-isf Im^n-dm- m th n aue-hn-am sim p-h ]pxnb {]m -\m-\n h-n\w Ah v Xs X n- -d-tb n h p. ImcWw AXv a\p-jy-\n an-x-am-bncp- p. Jp -B-\ns tbm lzo-kn-s tbm Cam-ap-I-fp-sStbm ]n pw AXn-\n ac-w-s diozp dnf F bp n-hm-zn-bn \n m-wnxv aue-hn-am kzoi-cn- -Xv. A_vZp- emw kp an Fgp-Xp p: ""C_m-Z-Øn\v \n h-n-\-ambn \mw ]d-bm-dp- Xv Cu ]nf - m v (si.-f.-fw) Akzo-Im-cy-\mb dio-zp-cnf Xs X^vko-dn ]d A`n-{]m-b-am-Wv. Cu \n h-n\w ke-^p-i-fn (ap Km-an-I-fn ) Hcp ]WvUn-X-s\- nepw ]d- Xv \ap v D -cn- p-hm km[y-a-.'' (A Ckvemlv 2007 s^{_p-h-cn, t]pv 16) 46 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

47 (28) ad hgn F m \ap- -dn-bmø hgn aue-hn-am {]m -\ v \n h-n\w ]d-bp-tºmƒ ad hgn, A`u-Xn-Iw, AZr-iyw, a\pjy Ign-hn-\- pdw Fs m s {]tbm-kn- m-dp- v. F m F mwv A`u-Xn-Iw, ad am Kw, AZriyw F -Xn Ah Xs Ct mƒ `n n- n-cn- -bm-wv. si.-f.fw ]pd-øn-d- nb hnizm-k-imcy-߃ F ]pkvx-i-øn Fgp-Xp p: ""a\pjy-i-gn-hn-\- Xo-X-amb {]iv\-ß-fn ad hgn-bn-eqss Fßs\ klmbw e`n- p- p-sh- -dn-bm-sx GXp klm-bhpw FØn- p-hm Ign-hp- -h A mlp am{x-am-wv.'' (t]pv 298) A`u-Xn-I-sa- m \ap- -dn-bmø hgn, Fßs\ klmbw e`n- p- p-sh- -dn-bmø am Kw F hni-zo-icww ]e ÿe-ß-fn-embn aue-hn-am tcj-s -Sp-Ønbn- p- v. Cu Bi-b-Øn-eq- n-bmwv F.]n A_vZp JmZn auehn Ign Ime-ß-fn-se mw kwhm-z-øn-\n-d-ßn-bsx v hnnn- \w hmcn-i-bn hni-zo-i-cn- n- p-ap- v sabv 15 t\m p-i. ad hgn F m \ap- -dn-bmø hgn F Pn n-t\mspw ae- n-t\mspw txs in F hmzhp-ambn A_vZp P m auehn h -t mƒ At±-l-Øn\v CXp kw_- -ambn h tnmzyhpw adp-]-snbpw {i n- pi: ""tnmzyw: Ah Fß-s\- klm-bn- p-i-sb v a\p-jy\v Adn-bn-.'' 100 sshcp y߃ 47

48 adp-]sn: Ah-cpsS (Pn- v, ae- v) klmbw Fß-s\-bmsW v Adn-tb Bhiyw \ap- n-. tnmzyw: At mƒ Cu klm-b-tx w ad hgn-bn IqSn D]-Imcw {]Xo- n v sim p- -Xm-I-bm CXv in ns KW-Øn s]sp-i-bn-s v sxfn-bn- m Ignbptam? adp-]sn: in ns Hcp Imc-Whpw AXn-en-. AXpsIm v AXv in p-a-. ad hgn F m \ap v ImWm Ign-bm-ØXv, Fß-s\-bm-sW v \ap- -dn-bm-øxv XpS-ßn-b-h-bm-sW v Cu tej-i a\- n-em- n-bn- n-.'' (C-kvemlv amkn-i, 2009 Pq, t]. 24) 48 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

49 knlvdv knlvdn\v bmym yaps mwv Alvep p bpss hnizmkw. imcocniambn tcmkw, thz\, th ]msv XpSßn bhbpw am\kniambn kvt\lhpw ZpxJhpap m m knlvdv aptj\ km[yamipw. C_v\p lp (d) Xplv^bnepw C_v\p lpdp AkvJem\n(d) ^Xvlp _mcnbnepw CXv hnizoicn n p v. F m ticf hlm_niƒ ]ckv]c sshcp yßfmwv knlvdns hnjbønepw ]Tn n Xv. (29) knlvdv ^ew A mx hgn- mwv appm-ln-zp-iƒ ]Tn- n- p p: ""KqVhpw A m-x-hp-amb hgn- mwv knlvdn ^ew {]Xo- n- p- Xv A mx i n-isf B{i-bn- p- Xv Ip^vdpw in p-am-bn-øo-cpw. (kz-`mh ]mt-߃, 4 mw Xcw, t]. 15) knlvdv ^ew A mx hgn- ki-cnø kzemln Fgp-Xp p: ""km[m-cw Imcy-Im-cW _ -Øns ASn-ÿm-\-Øn kw`-hn- p Imcy-߃ t]mse Xs -bmwv knlvdv aptj\ kw`-hn- p Imcyß-fpw.'' (C-kvemlv 2006 Unkw_, t]pv 4) P m auehn Fgp-Xp p: ""knlvdns GXv C\-am- Is AXns {]Xn-^-e\w A`u-XnI am K-Øn-eq-sSbm-sW v hniz-kn- p- -h ]ng Nn m-k-xn- m-ct\m hnuvvntbm Bbn-cn- pw.'' (C-kvemlv amkni, Ppsse 2009, t]pv 41) 100 sshcp y߃ 49

50 (30) knlvdv Ip^vdmWv: Da auehn Da auehn Fgp-Xp p: ""B`n-Nm-chpw a{ -hm-zhpw ]nim-nn-s bpw Pn n-s bpw klmbw txsn-s m v snøp {]hr-øn-bm-i-bm AXv Ip^vdm-sW- -Xn bmsxmcp kwi-b-hp-an-.'' (^m-xn-l-bpss Xoc-Øv, si. Da aue-hn, t]pv 90) Da auehn Aßs\ ]d- n- n Da aue-hn-bpss ]pkvx-i-øn ] -a-e-bm-f-øn Fgp-Xn-b-Xns\ ki-cnø kzemln \ntj-[n- p- Xv ImWpI. ""Pn n-t\mspw ]nim-nn-t\mspw klmbw txs knlvdn-ep- Xp sim m-wv knlvdv in pw Ip^vdp-am-bsX v Da auehn ]d- n- n-.'' (A- w-si tnmzy-߃, ki-cnø kzem-ln, t]pv 20) (31) knlvdv ^en pw: si.-fw. auehn BZy-Ime aue-hn-am knlvdv ^en pw F hnizkn ncp p si.-fw. auehn Fgp-Xp p: ""`mcym-` Øm- - msc XΩn `n n- n v At\ym\yw hntcm-[n-i-fm n Xo pi F Xv knlvdns ^e-øn s] -Xm-Ip- p.'' (si.-fw. auehn ^Xvh-Iƒ, bph-x, t]pv 19) 1960 Ifn Aam\n aue-hn, Aehn aue-hn, aqk auehn XpS-ßn-b-h tn s -gp-xnb Jp -B ]cn-`m-j-bnepw knlvdv ^en- p-sa p ]Tn- n- p- p- v. ""knlvdn\p bmym y-an KpW-amtbm tzmj-amtbm D Fs - nepw ^e-ap- m- p Xc-Øn Hcp knlvdp-an-. tihew a\p-jys\ ]In- m- p sn Sn hnzy-iƒ v am{x-ap t]cmwv knlvdv F n-ßs\ Nne A`n-{]m-b-߃ apºpw 50 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

51 Ct m-gp-ap v apa-vx-kne hn`m-k- m-cn \n mwv CXns D hw'' (hnip Jp -B hnh-c-ww, si.-f.-fw, t]pv 338, AΩ Ppkp-Av) knlvdv ^en- n-s v 1982 tbmk Xocp-am\w appm-lnzv t\xmhpw Fgp-Øp-Im-c-\p-amb A_vZp-d-lvam Ccn-th n Fgp-Xp p: 1982 apx-se- nepw (30 h jw) Cu kwl-s\ hmsam-gn-bmepw hcsam-gn-bmbpw {]N-cn- n p t]m Hcm-i-b-amWv knlvdv (am-c-ww)\v bmym y-an m F -Xv.'' (tx-pkv Zn\-]{Xw 2012 k]vxw-_ 11 snm ) timb- p n ^mdqjn Fgp-Xp p: ""1982 Ifn ticf PwCø-Øp Dea (ap-pm-lnzv ]WvUnX k`) Iqe- -i-ambn N snbvxv Xocp-am-\-sa-SpØv kap-zm-bsø t_m[y-s - Sp-Ønb Nne kp{]-[m\ hnj-b-ß-fp- m-bn-cp- p.... {]hm- N-I\v knlvdv _m[n- p-sh- Xv {]hm-ni i{xp- -fpss hmzam-wv. AXv hnip Jp -B-\ns hy -amb \ zn\v FXncm-Wv. F m ]c-º-c-sbmø lzo-kp-i-fn knlvdv _m[n- p-sh v ]d-bp- -Xns\ Ipdn v \ap v \njv] au\w Ah-ew-_n- m axn.'' (A ^-\m 2012 \hw-_, t]. 10) 2011 apx ho pw knlvdv ^en- p-sa v BZy-Imew knlvdv ^en- p-sa pw ]n osv AXn-s\- Xnsc "]WvUn-X-k`' Xocp-am-\-sa-SpØv ^en- n-s v {]Jym-]n- Xpw \mw hmbn- p. F m 2011 knlvdv ^en- p-sa v ]pxnb Xocpam\w h p. AXn-ß-s\-bmWv: ""knlvdv h ]m]-ß-fn s] -Xm-sW pw AXn\p lizo- I-Xp-s - p-amwv Alvep- p- -Øns \ne-]m-sv. (Pn- v, ]nim-nv, dnizvb id-cø 7, sisp-bp) Cu Xocp-am-\sØ (am- -sø) kzoi-cn- m-ø-xns t]cnem-ws{x Fgp-Øp-Im-c\pw "Nn -I\p'amb A_vZp-d-lvam Ccn-th- nsb kwl-s\ ]pdw-x- n-b-xv. Ccn-th n Fgp-Xp p: ""2011 Cu kwl-s-\-bpss ]WvUnX kwl-s-\-bmb 100 sshcp y߃ 51

52 si.-sp.bp t\sc FXn-cmb Hcp Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-Øp. knlvdn\v bmym y-ap v F ]pxnb Xocp-am\w {]Jym- ]n- p-tºmƒ \mfnxp hsc {]t_m-[\w snbvxp-t]m-, knlvdn\p bmym y-an F hmzw ]n h-en- -Xmtbm sx p-]- n-t m-b-xn tjzw {]I-Sn- n- -Xmtbm H pw ImWp- n-. Cu ]pxnb Xocp-am\w kzoi-cn- m-ø-xns t]cnemwv 1965 apx kwl-s-\-bpss hnhn[ ÿm\-ßfnencp p {]h Øn- p-t]m Fs -t m-ep- -hsc Cu kwl-s-\-bpss {]my-ani AwK-Xz-Øn \n v ]pd-øm- nbn- p- -Xv.'' (tx-pkv Zn\-]-{Xw, 2012 k]vxw-_ 11 snm ) knlvdv ^en- p-sa hnizmkw in v Xs knlvdv ^en- p-sa hnizmkw Xulo-Zn\p aue-hn-am \ In-h-cp \n h-n-\sø s]mfn- p-i-f-bp-sa v kemw kp -an. At±lw Fgp-Xp p: ""knlvdn\v bmym y-aps v ]d-b AZr-iy-am K-Øn-eqsS A m-lp-hn\p ]pdsa a p- -hcpw D]-{Z-hn- p-sa v ]d-bp- -Xn bmym y-ap-s v {]Jym-]n- -em-bn-øo-cp- p. Aßs\ hnizm-k-øn in v kw`-hn- p- p.'' (Xu-loZpw \h-bm- Ym-ÿ-nXn-I-cpsS hyxn-bm-\-hpw, t]pv 129) 52 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

53 ItÆdv ItÆdv kxyamsw v \_n(kz) ]Tn n Xmbn Camw _pjmcn(d) ]Tn n p p v. (_pjmcn 5488 lzokv) F m auehnam nsbn CXnepw sshcp y hmzßfpw in mtcm]whpw \ap p ImWmw. (32) ItÆdv ^en- n ItÆdv ^en- p-sa hmzhpw hnizm-k-øn-s\-xn-cm-ws{x. i_m_v Fgp-Xp p: ""ItÆdpw ]ncm pw H p-x-s. H v IÆv sim pw as m v \m p sim pw F hyxymkw am{xw. c n-s bpw ^ew H p-x-s. AZr-iyamb \ne-bn \miw hcp-øn-sh- p- p. Imcy-Im-cW _ - Øn-\-Xo-X-ambpw A`u-XnI \ne-bnepw IÆn\pw \m n\pw \mi-ap- m- m Ign-hp-s v hniz-kn- -s -Sp- p.... NmØ-\m-bmepw AΩ-Zm-bmepw h Ko-km-bmepw ItÆdpw ]ncm pw X p-sa- mwv hniz-kn- -s -Sp- -Xv. ssjdpw i dpw hcp-øn-sh- p- Xv A mlp BsW- Xv Cuam- \ns Bdp Imcy-ß-fn H m-wv. B hnizmkw ItÆdpw ]ncm pw bmym y-am-sw v hniz-kn- p- -Xn-s\-Xn-cm- Wv... ItÆdv _m[n- p-i, ]ncm v X pi F n-h-sb mw Cuam-\n\v hncp- -am-wv.'' (i-_m_v 2012 G{]n 27, t].23) ItÆ-dn hniz-kn- m-ø-h aqv- m Aam\n auehn Fgp-Xp p: ""ItÆ-dns\ Xs \ntj- 100 sshcp y߃ 53

54 [n- p- -hcpw Aß-s\-sbm v Ds v ]d-bp- -hsc hnuvvn-i-fmbn KWn- p-ibpw snøp- -h-cp-ap- v. F m ItÆdv Ds v hy -am- p lzo-kp-iƒ \mw I p-ign- p. AXn-\m lzo-kn hniz-kn- p h m pw Xs Aß-s\-sbm v Cs v ]d- p-iq-sm. C_v\p Jønw ]d-bp- p. _p n-sim pw Adnhp sim pw hf-scsbm pw A\p-{K-ln- -s - n- n- mø Nne-bm-fp-Iƒ ItÆdv \ntj-[n- p- p- v. AXv bmym y-a-. shdpw Dulm-t]ml-am-sW- mwv Ah ]d-bp- -Xv. _p nbpw A\p-`-h- m- \hpw ax-]-c-amb Adnhpw Ipd aqv- mcpw aqu-[m-c- W-I-fpsS I n-tb-dnb ad-bv -IØv Ign-bp- -hcpw AtXk-abw sxmen- n IqSn-b-h-cp-am-W-h. a\- n-s\tbm Bflm-hn-s\tbm kw_- nt m Ah-cpsS KpW-ß-sftbm {]h Ø-\-ß-sftbm {]Xn-^-e-\-ß-sftbm kw_- nt m hnzqc m\ta Ah p- q. PmXn-a-X-t`-Z-at\y Hcp kap- Zm-b-Øn-sebpw _p n-am- m ItÆdv \ntj-[n- p-itbm X p-itbm snøp- -h-c-. ItÆ-dns Imc-W-sØ- n Ah n-s-bn A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-ap- m-bn-cn- m-sa p am{xw.'' (C-kvem-anI Pohn-Xw, Aam\n aue-hn, t]pv 458, 459) 54 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

55 (33) ae- n-t\mspw Pn n-t\mspw txs A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amWv XuloZv hna i-\-߃ v adp-]sn F ]pkvx-i-øn A_vZp P m auehn Fgp-Xp p: ""]c-kv]cw I psim- n-cn- p a\p-jy ]c-kv]cw At\ym\yw klmbn- p- p. klmbw txsp- p. CXp-t]mse Atßm p ImWp- n-s - nepw ae- p-i-tfmspw Pn p-i-tfmspw klmbm-`y \ \S-Øm-sa v Xplv^-Xp-±m-In-co-\n iuim\n ]d- Xpw CXp-X-s -bm-wv.'' (t]pv 207) ""hnp\ ÿe-ß-fn ae- p-isf G s -Sp-Øn-bn- p v F pw Bhiyw t\cn-sp-tºmƒ Ah-tcmSv ]d-tb- Xv F m-sw v \sω Adn-bn- -X-\p-k-cn v \mw AXv {]mh Øn-I-am- p- Xv sim v AXn {]m \ Btcm- ]n- m-\mbn H p-an-. CX-\p-k-cn v lºen Camw Xs bm{x-bn hgn-b-dn-bmsx hnj-an- -t mƒ ASn-a-Isf F\n p hgn-im-wn- -tw... F p ]d kw`hw kzlolv Bbn ÿnc-s - -Xm-sW- n Xs A`u-XnI am K-Øn-ep Hcp tx w Xs AXn-en '' (AtX ]pkvx- Iw, t]pv 208) Pn n-t\mspw ae- n-t\mspw txs in mwv hnnn- \w Fgp-Xp p: a\p-jy-cmb \mw klmbw txsnbmtem hnfn- mtem DØcw snbvxv klm-bn- m-\p Ignhpw {]Ir-Xnbpw A mlp \ InbXv a\p-jy v am{x- 100 sshcp y߃ 55

56 am-wv. Pn p-iƒ pw ae- p-iƒ pw Cß-s\-sbmcp Ignhpw {]Ir-Xn-bp-an-. AXn-\m Xs GXv hn] L ß-fn-em-bmepw c {]Xo- n v a\p-jy Ahsc hnfn- m AX-h-tcm-Sp {]m -\bpw in pw A`u-Xn-Ihp-am-hpw.'' (hn-nn- \w 2012 \hw-_ 9, t]pv 10) (34) ae- n-s bpw Pn n-s bpw Ignhv A`u-XnIw Pn n-s bpw ae- n-s bpw Ignhv `uxn-i-am-sw hmzsø JWvUn- p-sim v hnnn- \w Fgp-Xp p: ""apkvenamb Pn n-t\msv klmbw tnmzn- m-sa pw ImcWw Pn v `uxni krjvsn-bm-sw pw AXn-\m klm-b-øn A`u-Xn-I-X-bn-s - p-amwv Hcp Iq hmzn- p-sim- n-cn- p- -Xv. Pn ns klmbw `uxn-i-am-sw- n F n\v Im^ndmb Pn ns\ am n-\n ØWw F v h -hcpw tnmzn- m C q- v F p v adp-]sn? Im^n-dmb sxmgn-em-fn-i-tfmsv \mw klmbw tnmzn- m-dnt? AXv ]msn-s v \mw ]dbm-dn- t m? (hn-nn- \w 2012 Unkw-_ 7, t]pv 5) ""ae- p-i-fn \n pw c {]Xo- n- p-sim- p tx w Ah-tcm-Sp {]m -\bpw in p-am-ip-sa v hy w. ImcWw a\p-jysc kw_- n- n-s-tømfw Ch AZr-iyi- n-iƒ Xs -bm-wv. Chsb \ΩpsS ]t -{µn-b-߃ sim v Is -ØpI km[y-a-.'' (hn-nn- \w 2012 \hw- _ 19, t]pv 10) Pn n-s bpw ae- n-s bpw Ignhv A`u-Xn-I-a ki-cnø kzemln Fgp-Xp p: ""ae- p-i-fp-ssbpw Pn p- I-fp-sSbpw Ign-hp-I-fp-sSbpw {]h Ø-\-ß-fp-sSbpw Imcy- Im-c-W-߃ \ap v ]nsn-in- p- n-s - nepw AsX mw 56 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

57 Ah v A mlp \n -bn Imcy-Im-c-W-߃ Xs -bm- Wv. AXv sim p Xs AXns\ Ipdn v A`u-Xn-I-sat m Imcy-Im-cW _ -߃ -Xo-X-sat m _p nbpw hi-xncnhpw D -h ]d-bp-i-bn-.'' (k-e^n {]ÿm-\w hna i- \-ßfpw adp-]-sn-bpw, t]pv 104) CtX Bibw P m aue-hnbpw Fgp-Xn-bn- p v: ""ae- p-iƒ pw ]nim-np- ƒ pw A mlp \ Inb Ignhv A`u-Xn-I-am-sWt m Imcy-Im-c-W-_- -Øn s]sm-ø- Xm-sWt m {]N-cn- n- p- Xv Plm-e-Øm-Wv.'' (Xu-loZv hna i-\߃ v adp-]-sn, t]pv 206) (35) ]nim-nns\ Bcm-[n- m klm-bn- p-sa- Xv in hnizmkw aue-hn-am ns-bn Xocp-am-\-am-ImØ Hcp hnj-b-amwv ]nimnv klm-bn- ptam Ct F -Xv. ]nim-nns\ Bcm- [n- m Ah klm-bn- p-sa p Hcp hn`m-kw. C, AXv in hnizm-k-am-sw v as mcp hn`m-kw. i-_m_v Fgp-Xp p: ""Pn p-isf Bcm-[n- p-itbm ]qpn- p-itbm snbvxm Ah klm-bn- p-sa v Jp -B ]Tn- n- p- n-. AXv in hnizm-k-am-wv F mwv Jp -B ]Tn- n- p- - Xv.'' (i-_m_v 2012 Pqsse, t]pv 27) A_vZp- emw kp an Fgp-Xp p: ""A m-lp-hn\p ]pdsa Bcm-[n- -s -Sp- -h bmsxmcp D]-Im-chpw D]-{Z-hhpw snøp-i-bn-s v ]cn-ip Jp -B kaq-lsø ]Tn- n- p- p... ]nim-nns\ Bcm-[n- p-ibpw Ah\v hgn-s -Sp- Ibpw snbvxm bmsxmcp D]-Im-chpw Ah snbvxp Xcn-I-bn-, Ah-t\mSv {]m n- mepw. C{]-Im-c-amWv GIssZh hnizm-kn-iƒ Cu Bb-Øns\ (a bw 44) hymjym- \n- p- -Xv. ]nim-nn-t\msv \mw {]m n- m \ΩpsS {]m -\ v DØcw \ Ip-hm Ah\v km[y-a sshcp y߃ 57

58 F m Ahs\ tkhn- p-ibpw ]qpn- p-ibpw Bcm-[n- p-ibpw in v, ldmw apx-em-bh {]h Øn- p-ibpw snbvxm Ah D]-Imcw snbvxp-xcpw F hnnn{x hymjym\w Hcp ]WvUn-X\pw \ In-bn- n-. \h-bm-ym-ÿn- Xn-I-c- m-sx.'' (Xu-loZpw \h-bm-ym-ÿn-xn-i-cpss hyxnbm-\-hpw, t]pv 89, 90) Bcm-[n- mepw Cs - nepw klmbn pw ]nim-nns\ Bcm-[n- mepw Cs - nepw ]nim-nn \n v ]e klm-bhpw In p-sa v Ign Ime aue-hn-am ]Tn- n- p-t]m-bn- p- v. Aam\n auehn Ckvem-anI PohnXw F ]pkvx-i-øn Fgp-Xp p: ""GsX- nepw Hcp ]nim-nns\ {]txyiw tkhn- n-s - n IqSn ad Imcyw, KWn pw {]iv\w t\m nbpw ]d-bp Imcy-Øn ss]im-nni klmbw In pw. CXn bmsxmckmwk-xyhpw C Xs. ]nim-nns\ {]txyiw ]qpbpw a p I Ω-ßfpw \SØn tkhn- p- -h v Ahs tkh e`n- p-sa- -Xnepw Akmw-K-Xy-an-.'' (Ckvem-anI Pohn-Xw, t]pv 429) si. Da aue-hn-bp-ssbpw F.hn A_vZp- emw auehn (A-co-t m-sv)-bp-ssbpw Bio hm-z-tømss "a\p-jys bym i{xp' F t]cn tum. Dkvam (si.-f Fw ap kwÿm\ {]kn-u- v) ]pd-øn-d- nb ]pkvx- IØnepw C mcyw Gsd hni-zo-i-cn- -s - n- p- v. ""]nim-nns\ Bcm-[n- p ]nim-nns C p hnt[- b-ambn {]h Øn- p a\p-jy v Ah Nne-t mƒ Nn d D]-Im-c-߃ snbvxp simsp-tø- mw... Bcm-[-\- bn-eqss ]nim-nns an{x-ß-fmbn amdp- -h v ]nim-nn \n p Nne D]-Im-c-߃ e`n-t - pw... Bcm-[-\-bn-eqsS ]nim-nns an{x-ß-fm-ip- -h v am{xta ]nim-nn \n- p D]-Im-c-߃ e`n- p- p- q.'' (a\pjys bym i{xp, t]pv 21, 23, 78, tum. Dkvam ) 58 appm-ln-zns Xncs -SpØ

59 (1971epw 1992epw k k-_o amkn-i-bn c v Xh- W-bmbn h XpS te-j-\-amwv "a\p-jys bym i{xp, apjy i{xp' F o t]cp-i-fn-embn ]pd-øn-d-ßnb Cu ]pkvx-iw) (36) Pn n\pw ae- n\pw \sω klm-bn- m km[y-a Ign- -Ime t\xrxzw ]Tn- n- Xv in n-te- p hgnbm-sw- mwv B[p-\nI aue-hn-am-cpss ] w. i_m_v Fgp-Xp p: ""F m a\p-jy\p \ I-s Ign-hp-I-fpsS ]cn-[n pw ]cn-an-xn pw A p-døv (Im-cy-Im-c-W _ -߃ -Xo-Xam-bn) \sω klm-bn- m Hcmƒ pw km[y-a F v Jp -B Ak- n-kv[-ambn {]Jym-]n- p- p.'' (i-_m_v 2012 Pqsse 27, t]pv 34) Pn v, ae- v \sω klm-bn- pw Pn pw ae pw \sω klm-bn- p-sa v Ign Ime t\xm- ƒ ]Tn- n- n-cp- p. tum. Dkvam Fgp-Xp p: ""hfsc hy -ambn Hcp Ai-co-cn-bpsS a{ w {i n v Fgp-Xp alm-i-hn-ifpw kmln-xy-im-c- m-cp-ap- v. Nne v tis -gpøv simsp- p- -Xp-t]mse D -Øn ]d- p-sim- SpØv Fgp-Xn- n- p AZr-iy-amb an{x-ß-fp-ap- m-bn-cn- pw... Ad_n kmlnxy Ncn-{X-Øn ]e Ad_n alm-ihn-iƒ pw Cßs\ Pn p-i-fn \n pw Cu klm-bn-iƒ D m-bn-cp- -Xmbn {]kvxm-hn- p- p- v. Cßs\ ]e \nehm-c-ønepw a\p-jy\pw Pn p-ifpw XΩn ktµ-i-߃ Adn-bn- p-sim v kmlnxy \n ΩmWw \S-Øp- p-s - p- Xv Hcp bmym y-amwv.'' (a-\p-jys bym i{xp, t]pv 33) Aam-\n-bpsS Ckvem-anI Pohn-X-sa ]pkvx- I-Ønepw CØcw Bi-b-߃ ImWmw. 100 sshcp y߃ 59