LSS Examination Model Examination Paper 2 Part A Environmental Studies. Name :... School :... Phone :...

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1 k h- in m A`n-bm time-t cn _n-b kn, Sot gvkv v time-t cn sk v ]ot gvkv _n-fuv timtfpv time-t cn LSS Examination Model Examination Paper 2 Part A Environmental Studies (Total Score 20) Name : School : Phone : 1) Which is not a contagious disease a) Common cold b) Tuberculosis c) Cholera d) Vitalago Ans: 2) In which district Muthanga wild life sanctuary is situated? a) Kottayam b) Kozhikodu c) Idukki d) Wayanad Ans: 3) Plant in which dispersal of seeds takes place by breaking open the seeds a) Jack fruit tree b) Cashew Plant c) Pea plant d) Ilanji Ans: 4) Which direction is indicated on the top of an atlas a) North b) South c) West d) East Ans: 5) Which state is closely situated near Arabian Sea? a) Goa b) Telengana c) Odisha d) Andhra Pradesh Ans: 6) The number of regional languages approved by the Indian Constitution a) 20 b) 21 c) 22 d) 23 Ans: 7) Radio was invented by a) Edison b) Grahambel c) Marconi d) Issac Newton Ans: 8) Stamp collection is a hobby This is known as Ans: 9) The first aid to be given when dust enters your eyes a) Pour hot water b) Rub well c) close your eyes d) Pour pure water Ans: 10) The head of Grama Panchayath is dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv Sow Sow Sow Sow Sow Sot gvkv Sot gvkv Sot gvkv Sot gvkv Sot gvkv v v v v v t time-t cn Ime-t cn Xøm-dm- n-bxv dntkmgvkv Sow Sot gvkv v time-t cn

2 Activity - 1 A) India achieved a lot in space science India also can stand proudly with Japan, Russia, China etc Some of the phots of artificial satellites launched by India are shown below Write their names (Score - 1) 1) 2) 3) B) The organisation which takes a lead in India's space science achievements is (Score - 1) C) What are the usefulness of these satellites? (Score - 3) Weather Education Telecommunication dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv Sow Sow Sow Sow Sow Sot gvkv Sot gvkv Sot gvkv Sot gvkv Sot gvkv v v v v v t time-t cn Ime-t cn Xøm-dm- n-bxv dntkmgvkv Sow Sot gvkv v time-t cn

3 a) Friends, Write the names of some organisms which are familiar to your (Score - 1) Ans : b) What all basis you can classify them? (Score - 2) c) Write a brief not on the basis on which you classified them? Ans: dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv Sow Sow Sow Sow Sow Sot gvkv Sot gvkv Sot gvkv Sot gvkv Sot gvkv v v v v v t time-t cn Ime-t cn kkk Xøm-dm- n-bxv dntkmgvkv Sow Sot gvkv v time-t cn

4 k h- in m A`n-bm time-t cn _n-b kn, Sot gvkv v time-t cn sk v ]ot gvkv _n-fuv timtfpv time-t cn t^m : , LSS Examination Model Examination Paper 2 Part B Mathematics (Total Score 20) Name : School : Phone : 1) The sum and product of 3 natural numbers are same Which are the numbers? (Score 1) Ans: 2) A person buys a product for 7 Rs and sells for 8 Rs Again it is bought for 9 Rs and sells for 10 Rs What is the total profit? (Score 1 Ans: 3) Ans: If this pattern continues how many numbers will be there for the 10 th row? 4) A pen and pencil together cost 21 Rs The cost of pen is 10 Rs, more than that of pencil If so, what is the cost of pen? (Score 1) Ans: 5) If a grain of rice weighs 100Mg, how many such grains are there in 1Kg of rice? (Score 1) Ans: 6) 10 tonnes, 6 quintal, 1 kg means how much kg? (Score 1) Ans: 7) If 1/3 rd and 2 / 3 of a number when added we get 10 Which is the number? (Score 1) Ans: dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv Sow Sow Sow Sow Sow Sot gvkv Sot gvkv Sot gvkv Sot gvkv Sot gvkv v v v v v t time-t cn Ime-t cn 8) (Score 1) 9) a = 10 a b = 90 a + b =? (Score 1) Ans: 10) A Pinapple Costs 7 Rs and apple 5 Rs Pineapple and apple are bought for Rs43 Then how many apples are there? How many pineapples? (Score 1) Ans: Xøm-dm- n-bxv dntkmgvkv Sow Sot gvkv v time-t cn

5 Acticity - 1 a) The one day income of "Kannan" bus which runs in Aluva - Kolenchery route is given below:- Ticket Rate Sold Out Total a) What will be the total income of the bus one day? (Score - 2) b) 820 Rs is given to driver, 650 Rs to conductor, 500 Rs to cleaner and 4500 Rs for diesel If so how much amount the bus can keep back? (Score - 2) dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv Sow Sow Sow Sow Sow Sot gvkv Sot gvkv Sot gvkv Sot gvkv Sot gvkv v v v v v t time-t cn Ime-t cn c) How much income will the bus owner get in the month of January? (Score - 1) Xøm-dm- n-bxv dntkmgvkv Sow Sot gvkv v time-t cn

6 B) Activity 2 - Book Bag Under the leadership of PTA in Vamanapuram LP School, all classes started the scheme of Book Bag According to this students of each class collected books See the details below Selection Number Price Total Literature Novel Children's Literature Poems Digest Year book Total Find out the answers for the following questions based on the above table 1) How many books are collected? (Score - 1) 2) Which section collected the maximum number of books? (Score - 1) 3) Which section of books required maximum amount? (Score - 1) dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv Sow Sow Sow Sow Sow Sot gvkv Sot gvkv Sot gvkv Sot gvkv Sot gvkv v v v v v t time-t cn Ime-t cn 4) How much Rupees have been collected? (Score - 1) 5) If the books are equally divided for all four classes, how many books will each class get? (Score - 1) kkk Xøm-dm- n-bxv dntkmgvkv Sow Sot gvkv v time-t cn

7 k h- in m A`n-bm time-t cn _n-b kn, Sot gvkv v time-t cn sk v ]ot gvkv _n-fuv timtfpv time-t cn LSS Examination Model Examination Paper I Part C General Knowledge (Total Score 10) Name : School : Phone : 1) "To test our spelling he gave us five words One of them was "Kettle" I made a mistake Teacher came near and showed my mistake But I did not care'' These are the lines form an autobiography Whose autobiography is that? 2) United Nations declared 2015 as International Year of Soil FAO (Food and Agricultural Organisation) of UN lead it What was the message forwarded by UN in connection with this? 3) Frogs are amphibians They can breathe in water like fishes and can breathe in atmosphere like human beings Which organ is used by frogs to breathe in atmospheric air 4) Which wild animal is conserved in Iravikulam national park? 5) Identify the gas from the given indications The gas is colourless and odourless It extinguishes fire If egg shell is dropped in lemon juice this gas is liberated 6) India has launched a space telescope like the Hubble's telescope of America Name it 7) You might have observed the birds around us and also their habitats Around 500 types of birds have been found out in Kerala Birds make nests for laying eggs Some birds make nests on trees and some others on soil Name the bird which make nests on the burrows (holes) in soil 8) UN observed 2015 as international year of light and international year of soil 2016 has to be observed as International Year of pulses What is the slogan for year of pulses 9) On what aim, 2016 is to be observed as International Year of pulses 10) "She did not wait for a day with this much desire till day" That was the Tomo School which captivated the heart of the naughty girl Totochan Who is the author of "Totochan" the best seller in Japan dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv dntkmgvkv Sow Sow Sow Sow Sow Sot gvkv Sot gvkv Sot gvkv Sot gvkv Sot gvkv v v v v v t time-t cn Ime-t cn kkk Xøm-dm- n-bxv dntkmgvkv Sow Sot gvkv v time-t cn

8 IV ]cn-k-c-]-t\w h vjo v {]nba[ym-]-i-sc,c n-xm- -sf,hnzym n-i-sf, H mw m nepwc mw m nepwdzv{k-ynx kao-]-\-ambpw aq mw m n \n pw{]txyi]mt-]p-kvx-i-ß -fpss klm-b-tø m-ssbpwb cw-ǹ- p imkv{x kmaq-ly-]m-t-ß ƒ,db m p-i-fn sn p-tºmƒk o ÆX krjvsn- p Hcphnj-b-ambnamdn- -gn- p{]txy-in vkmaq-ly-]m-tw]ø mwxc- Ø n kmaq-ly-]m-t-ø n\vtxm p-itbm{]xo- n- mø t{kuvińmsx hcn-ibpwsnøp hnzym n-i-fpssfæwiqsnhcp- -XvA[ym-]-I-cnepwc n- Xm- -fnepwb i- -bp- m- p- p- vkmaq-ly-]mtw,]cn-k-c-]-t\wch-sbms A{]-k- -ambhnj-b-ß -fmbnimw p Hcpkml-NcywD- m-bm A Xv \msn\pxs B]-Ø m-w vncn-{x-t_m-[hpwkmaq-ly-t_m-[-hp-ap HcphnZym nbv vam{xta\ cmpy-kvt\-l-ap- m-hq\ tzikvt\l-ap- m-hqa XpsIm vss{]a-dn- m-p-i-fn Xs cmjv{s-t_m-[-ap -km-aq-ly-t_m-[-ap Hcphy n-bmbnhmtcmhnzym nbpwamd-w wncn-{x-a-dn va h hf-cp-ibpw ]Tn- p-ibpwthw w ]T-\-{]-h Ø-\-ß ƒipd- p-iqsnefn-xhpwiṕn-bpss_lp-apj_p nsbiw- n-se-spø pwa h\v]t-\-{]-h Ø-\-ß ƒ vhcpssiø m-ß mbn amdp- -Xn\pwth n-bmw v\memwxc-ø nse]cn-k-c-]-t\w]mt-]p-kvx-ihpwso ssivãpwa vd^-d kv]pkvx-i-ß fpwkq va-ambn]cn-tim-[n vcu h vjo p-iƒxøm-dm- n-bn-cn- p- -XvCuh vjo- p-iƒhcpsskum-b D]-tbm-Kn-t - -Xv]IcwIṕn-bpsSNn m-{]-{in-b-bn Hcpsh p-hn-fn-bmbn amdp hn[-ø n Cuh vjo p-iƒ{]tbm-p-\-s -Sp-Ø p-i-a-h\vkzbwis -Ø m\pwsnøp- -Xn\pwA h-k-c-sam-cp- p-isot gvkv ns A\p-hm- Z-an- msx Cuh vjo ns tim n-iƒd]-tbm-kn- -cp-xv hniz-kvx-x-tbmss, Sn-Sn]utemkv tim Hm Un-t\- dntkmgvkvsow Sot gvkv vtime-t cn,t^m : , resourceteamklcy@gmailcom

9 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v1, 1-1 ]T-\-t\ w: Pohn-Is fic-bn Pohn- p- -h,pe-ø n Pohn- p- -h,ic-bnepw Pe-Ø nepw Pohn- p- h F n-ß s\] n-i-s -Sp-Øp- p F\n v]cn-n-b-ap Pohn-Iƒ (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 6) (7) 8) (9) (10) (1) (12) CuPohn-I-fn Ic-bn Pohn- p- h Pe-Øn Pohn- p- h Ic-bnepwPe-ØnepwPohn- p- h R m B Zy-ambntI va\-n-em- nbpohn-iƒ: X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

10 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v2, 1-2 ]T-\-t\ w: Pe-Po-hn-I-fps S imco-cni khn-ti-j-x-iƒ Pe-Po-hn-X-Ø n\vfß s\ A \p-tbm-py-am-s W v Is Ønhni-Zo-I-cn- p- p Pe-Øn am{xwpohn- p Pohn-I-fpsSt]sc-gp-Xp-I (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) ao\ns imco-cni khn-ti-jxfs ms? (1)Pe-Ø n Xpg-bp- -Xn\vA\p-tbm-Py-amb Nnd-Ip-Iƒ (2)sh -Øn sx n\oß m klm-bn- p hgp-h-gp- p icocw (3) (4) (5) X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

11 ]cn-kc]t\w IVh vjo- v3, 1-3 ]T-\-t\ w:ic-bnepw Pe-Ø nepw Pohn- p Pohn-Is f] n-i-s -Sp-Ø p- p Ic-bn am{xw Pohn- p Pohn-I-fmb B\,IpXn-c,]ip,] ncupohn-i-fpss imco-cni khn-ti-jx (1) thk-øn k -cn- m Ignbpw (2) (3) (4) Ic-bnepwPe-Ø nepwpohn- p Pohn-I-fpsSimco-cnI khn-ti-jx (1)Pe-Ø n-eq-ssbpwic-bn-eq-ssbpwk -cn- m Ign-bp hn[-ø n-ep ico-c-l-s\ (2) (3) (4) X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

12 ]cn-kc]t\w IVh vjo- v4, 1-4 ]T-\-t\ w:pe-kkyß fpss{]tx y-i-x-iƒ X ncn- -dn-bp- p Pe-k-ky-ß -fmb B º,Xma-c,F nh-bpss{]txy-i-x-iƒ * sh -Øn-em-sW- nepwno p-t]m-ip- n * X nepwce-bnepwhmbpad-iƒ Ce-IƒPtem-]-cn-X-e-Øn s]mß n- n-s- p- p * * Ce-bn sagp-ip-t]m-ep Bh-cWw B º,XmacF n-h-b- msx F\n v]cn-n-b-ap Pe-k-ky-ß ƒ Hcphmg]q Æ-ambpwPe-Ø n apß n- n-s- m N o p-t]m-ipwf p-sim v? X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

13 ]cn-kc]t\w IVh vjo- v5, 1-5 ]T-\-t\ w:hmtcmpohn-iƒ pwa h-bpss Poh \ne-\n Ø m-\m-h-iy-amb ico-c-l-s\ Ds vx ncn- -dn-bp- -X n-\v sh -Ø nepwic-bn-ep-ambnpohn-x-n{iw]q Ø n-bm- p Pohn-I-fmW vd`-b-po-hn-iƒ HmtcmPohn pwa XvPohn- p ]cn-k-c-ø n\va\p-tbm-py-amb Pohn-X-km-l-N-cy-ß ƒ va\p-iq-e-\-ß ƒ F v]d-bpw Pohn-Iƒ Xmdmhv A \p-iq-e-\-ß ƒ FÆ-a-b-ap Xqh-ep-Iƒ,sh -Ø n \n pw C ctxsm Ign-bp sim p-iƒ, N a-_- n-x-amb hnc-ep-iƒ ]cp v Iq Ø \Jw,aq -bp Np p-iƒ,\ ImgvN-i n Im X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

14 ]cn-kc]t\w IVh vjo- v6, 1-6 ]T-\-t\ w:pohn-i-fps S]c-kv]-c-_ w Is Ø n{]kvx m-hn- p- p Pohn-Iƒ:]cp- v,sim v,b\,a\p-jy A Po-hn-b-L-S-I-ß ƒ :hmbp,kqcy-{]-im-iw ip -hmbp B acw Blmcw kky-ß -fpss\ne-\n n\vpoh-\n- mø Fs ms L S-I-ß -fmw vb hiyw? X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

15 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v7, 1-7 ]T-\-t\ w:poh-\p L S-I-ß fpw Poh-\n- mø L S-I-ß fpw]c-kv]cw_ -s - n-cn- p pf v DZm-l-c-W-k-lnXwhni-Zo-I-cn- p- p HcpB hm-k-hy-h-ÿ -bn Poho-b-L-S-I-ß fpwa Po-hn-b-L-S-I-ß fpw]c-kv]cwb{i-bn- p- pg sx- nepw HcpL S-I-Ø ns \miw a p- -hbv vtzmj-i-c-ambn_m[n- pw \ΩpsS\ḿnseIp p-iƒ C Sn- p- Xpw hb-ep-iƒ\ni-ø p- Xpw\ΩpsS\ne-\n ns\_m[n- ptam?\nß -fpss A `n- {]mbw HcpIpdn- mbntcj-s -Sp-Ø pi Bi-b-`q-]-Sw ta aæ v Pe-kw-`-c-W-im-e- asæ m-en v Ip n-sn- n- Pe-kw-c- W w Irjn hb \n-i-ø HmIvkn-P kky-ß ƒ ssph-ssh-hn[yw CuB i-b-`q-]-s-ø ns kl m-b-tø msst\ḿp-_p- n Ipdn vxøm-dm- p-i X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

16 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v8, 1-8 ]T-\-t\ w:t]mã \n Ωm-W w,]{x-hm Ø X øm-dm- F ohyh-l m-c-cq-]-ß ƒ]cn-n-b-s -S t]mã \n Ωm-W w {i n-t Imcy-ß ƒ * t]mã \n Ωm-W-Øn\v\ Inb hnj-b-hp-ambn_ -ap- m-h-w w * t]mã-dn \ In-bn- p ktµ-i-ß \ In-bn-cn- p hnj-b-ø n\vtbmpn- -Xm-h-W w ]{X-hm Ø Xøm-dm- {i n-t Imcy-ß ƒ * hm Øbv vbh-iy-ambhcpkw`hwthww * \S ÿ ew,xobxn * efn-xambhm p-iƒ * efn-xhpwbi j-i-hp-am-h-ww * thk-øn Imcywa\-n-em- p- -Xn-\p Xe-s v * t]mã hmbn- p hy n vthk-øn Bibw{Kln- p Xc-Øn Xøm-dm- -Ww * Bi-b-Øn\vtbmPn- p Nn{X-ß ƒhc ptn -Ww * * * * X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

17 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v9, 1-9 ]T-\-t\ w:poh-\p LS-I-ß fpwpoh-\n- mø LS-I-ß fpw]c-kv]cw_ -s - n-cn- p pf v DZm-l-c-W-k-l nx whni-zo-i-cn- p- X n\v Bi-b-`q-]Sw P p- ƒ an{i-`p v amwk-`p v Acp-hn-Iƒ GsXms Pohn-Iƒ kky-`p v h\w ] n-iƒ ip -hm-bp Ipfn a a\p-jy\vkl mbw \ḿnepw h\-ønepw Xma-kn- p Pohn-Iƒ HmIvkn-P hnd-iv ` Ww CuB i-b-`q-]-ssø D]-tbm-Kn viṕn]pxnb A dn-hp-iƒ cq]-s -Sp-Ø-W wa ht\ḿp_p n tcj-s -Sp-Ø p-i X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

18 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v10, 1-10 ]T-\-t\ w:xs {]tz-isø Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ -IsfIs Øn]d-bp- p B hm-k-hy-hÿ Iṕn-Iƒ v]cn-n-b-s -Sp-Ø p- -Xn\vth niṕn-isfkviqfns ]cn-k-cø virjn-sn-bvxn- p (F-t m-sg nepw) ÿ eø vsim p-t]m-ip- p\n _- -ambpw l m U vse kvssihiw D m-h-w wxps v\nco n- p- pl m -U vse kv D]-tbm-Kn vkq va\nco- W w\s-ø p- p I -Im-cy-ß ƒenãpsnøp- p Fs kviqƒ]cn-k-c-ø p-i Pohob,APo-hnbLS-I-ß ƒ hb-ense(s\ m-s-sø) Pohob,APo-hnbLS-I-ß ƒ h\-ø n-\p- nse Pohob, APo-hnbLS-I-ß ƒ h\-ß ƒ\in- n v,ip pifmb Ip p-i-sfms C Sn p\ncø n,hb-ep-i-sfm aæ n- p-\n-i-ø n, henb hni-k-\-{]-h Ø-\-ß ƒ\s-ø p- pc tx- p-dn v\nß -fpssa `n-{]mbwt\ḿp-_p- n Fgp-Xp-I X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

19 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v11, 1-11 ]T-\-t\ w:kzm`m-hnihmk-ÿ -e-ß ƒxi p a\p-jys CS-s]-S-ep-IƒIs Øn{]kvXm-hn- p- p Ip -Ø p-\m- nseip p-iƒ C m-xmbn asæ-sp- p Xns\-Xnsc P\-Iob Iq mbva Pe- mawcq w: \ḿp-im tdmu vd]-tcm-[n p aw am^n-b-bpssb{i-aww Fkv-s FA p-x-i-c-ambvc -s] p Pe-\n-c v{iam-x o-x-ambnx mgp- p, ÿ nxnbi- m-p-\iw CuA Sp-Ø nss\ωpss\ḿnse]{x-am-[y-a-ß -fn h hm Ø-I-fpsSXe-s - p-i-fm-w n-xv Cuhm Ø-Iƒ\ Ip ap -dn-bn vimw msx t]mip- XvA]-I-S-at?\nß -fpss A `n-{]mbw] p-sh-bv q X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

20 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v12, 1-12 ]T-\-t\ w:poho-b-l-s-i-ß fpw A Po-hnb L S-I-ß fpwx Ωn-ep ]c-kv]-cm-{i-bx zw a\-n-em- p-i A [nihnhcw Poho-b-L-S-I-ß fpwa Po-hn-b-L-S-I-ß fpwxωn-ep ]c-kv]-cm-{i-bxzwiqsp-x hy -am- p- -Xn\vNnekqN-\-Iƒ KpW-ta- -bp ta aæ v Pemwiw ta a-æ ns X\na\ne-\n Øp p ]md-s]m-sn v aæp- m-ip p Pemwiw, hmbp{]imiwf nhaænse Pohn-I-fpsS \ne-\n n\vb h-iy-am-w v NnX,aÆ n-c,ddpºvx ps-ß nb Pohn-Ifpw kq -va-po-hn-ifpw ssphl S-I-ß sfta a-æ n ebn- n- p p hmbp ta a-æns\kpwta- -bp- -Xm- p- p kky-ß -fpss hf bv v aæ n hmbp,pemwiw F nhbh-iy-am-wv hmbp,pew F nh hgnhnø p-hn-x-cw w \S- p- p- v kky-ß -fpss hnøp-hn-x-c-w-øn\vp p- ƒ klm-bn- p- p kky-s sh-hn[yw P p-ssh-hn-[y-ø n\v B h-iy-am-w v KpW-ta- -bp ta a-æ n kky-ß ƒ\ mbnhf-cp- p kky-ß ƒ\ mbn hf-cp aæn ssphm-h-in-jvs-ß ƒ IqSp-X-em-W v ]md-s]m-sn- v aæp- m-hp- -Xn-\v kky-ß ƒklm-bn- p- p hmbp,pew F nh ]md-s]m-snbp -X n\v Imc-W-am-Ip p CukqN-\-Iƒ N -bv p- -Xm-W vhmtcmkqn-\-i-fp-]-tbm-kn vpoho-b,a Po-hnb L S-I-ß -fpss ]c-kv]-cm-{i-bxzwn -sn-ø-w w X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

21 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v13, 1-13 ]T-\-t\ w:imgvn-sb- p-dn- p IqSp-X hnh-c-ß ƒ,` -W-co-XnbpwImgvNbpwXΩn-ep _ wxncn- -dn-b A [n-i-{]-h Ø\w \ḿnepw h\-ø nepw Xma-kn- p ark-ß -fpss t]cv] n-i-bm- p-i-c-hsb kky-`p- v,-amw-k-`p v,an{i-`p vf n-ß s\ aq mbnxncn- p-ixps vcupohn-i-fpssiæ p-i-fpssÿ m\hpwa h-bpss` -W-co-XnbpwFs va t\z-jn vis Ø pi DZmlcWw Pohn-bpsS t]cv kky-`p- v amw-k-`p v an{i-`p v IÆ p-i-fps S ÿ m\hpw ]q apj-ø n\vap hiw knwl w apj-ø n\vap hiw ]ip apj-ø ns C cp-h-i-ß -fnepw am apj-ø ns C cp-h-i-ß -fnepw C ß s\]c-am-h[nark-ß sf]t-\-hn-t[-b-am- p-iis -Ø t\ḿv_p n tcj-s -Sp-Ø p-i Ipdn v:c p-xcw ImgvN Ifp- va\p-jy,aqß,ipc-ß v,xps-ß nb Pohn-I-fpsS IÆ p-iƒ c pw Xe-bpsS ap n-em-w vc viæ p- IƒsIm pw HcphkvXp-hns\ Htckabw ImW p ImgvN sb ss_t\m- p-e ImgvN F p]d-bpwa tx kabw timgn,apb, ]ipf nhhmtcmhihpw HmtcmIÆ p-sim- mw vimw p-ic XvtamtW m- p-e- ImgvNss_t\m- p-e ImgvN-bn hkvxp- fpss\ofw,hoxn,db-cw,b gw,f nhkw_- n viqsp-x \ N n{xw IńpwHcpIÆ-S v]nsn vt]\bv vtsm n-sm Hcp{iaw m n Iṕn-I-tf-s m vsnøn- p-tºmƒ kwkxnhy -am-hpw X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn d^-d kv: bpdo {]Im-i- -Xn v2015

22 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v14, 2-1 ]T-\-t\ w:x s N p p-]m-sp-ap kky-ß sfx ncn- -dn vhyx ykvx cox n-bn ] n-i-s -Sp-Ø p- -X n-\v hosn\pwhnzym-e-b-ø n\pwn p p-ap kky-ß -fpsst]sc-gp-xpi Cukky-ß -fn Hcph j-ø n XmsgB bp-p- -hbpwhcph jw apx ]Ø ph j-ø n XmsgB bp-p- -hbpw Zo L-Imew\ne-\n p- -hbpw] n-i-s -Sp-Ø p-i Hcph j-øn Xmsg Hcph jw apx ]Øph j-øn Xmsg Zo L-Imew \ne-\n p- -h Hmj-[n-Iƒ:B bp vipd-hm-w va h-bpsshep wipd-hm-bn-cn- pw]c-am-h-[nc p-h jwhsc-bmw vc h-bpssb bp-v G hpw henb Hmj[nbmW vhmg Ip n-s Sn-Iƒ:c p-h j-ø n IqSp-X B bp-p- -h-bm-w vip n-s -Sn-IƒF m ac-ß sfa t]- n vc hbv vhep w Ipd-hm-bn-cn- pw ac-ß ƒ:a t\-i-h jwpohn- p-ibpw hfschep w IqSn-b-h-bp-amW vac-ß ƒ X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

23 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v15, 2-2 ]T-\-t\ w:kky-ß s faæ n Dd- n p\n Ø p- X vthcp-i-fm-w v Hmj-[n-I-fmb kky-ß -fpss thcns {]txyix F m-w v \mcp-th-cp-iƒ am{x-am-bn-cn pw Hmj-[n-Iß ƒ p- m-hp-if m Hcph jw apx ]Ø ph jw hscpohn- p kky-ß -fpssthcp-iƒ c vcoxn-bn ImW p- p-h- v\mcpthcv,c vxmbvthcv-zo L-Imew\ne-\n p H -Ø Snhr - Ø ns thcp-i-sf mw B W vkwi-b-ap-s - n \ap v]cn-tim-[n pt\m mw sxß v,]\,a S-bv m-a-cw C ß s\g Xvac-Ø n-t bpwthcp-iƒ\mcvthcm-w vc\na h-bpssc ebv pwhcp{]txy-i-x-bp- v F- m-wxv? X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

24 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v16, 2-3 ]T-\-t\ w:kky-ß -fps S thcp-]-s-e-ø ns khn-ti-j-x-iƒ Is Ø n\mcp-th-cp-]-sew,x mbvthcp-]-sew F n-ß s\ XcwXncn- p- p] n-is SpØp- p ]cn-k-c-\-søw Iṕn-Isf m n-\p-sh-fn-bn-te vsim p-t]m-ip- piṕn-i-tfmsva h n-jvs-ap kky-ß ƒ aæ n \n pw]ngp-sx-sp- m Bh-iy-s -Sp- p ]ngp-sx-spø kky-ß -fpss t]cv F p-sim- mw vhenb hr -ß ƒ]ngp-sx-sp- m Ign-bm-Xn-cp- -XvN - -Im-cW wfgp-xp- p ] ni]q Øn-bm- pi: \mcp-th-cp-]-s-ew X mbvthcp-]-sew C Xp-t]mseaÆ n hfscb g-ø n-te vthcp-iƒ Xmgv pt]mip- XvImcW wacw]ngp-sx-sp- m _p n-ap- m-w vf m hfscffp- -Ø n ]ngp-sx-spø kky-ß -fpss{]txy-ix F mw v?a h-bpssthcns {]txy-i-xtbm?\mcp-th-cp sxß v Ffp- -Ø n ]ngp-sx-sp- m Ign-bm-Ø XvF p-sim- mw v?\nß -fpssa `n-{]mbwtcj-s -Sp-Ø q X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

25 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v17, 2-4 ]T-\-t\ w:c e-i-fns ekncm-hn-\ymkw\nco- n vpmenimkncm-hn-\ym-kw,kam- ckncm-hn-\ymkwf n-ß s\ X cw X ncn v] n-i-s -Sp-Ø p- p Pmen-Im-kn-cm-hn-\ym-khpw kam- c kncm-hn-\ym-k-hpw Iṕn-I-tfmSvhoSn-t bpw hnzym-e-b-ø n-t bpw kao-]ø p\n pw hnhn[ kky-ß -fpss C e-iƒ tij-cn vhcm ]d-bp- p tij-cn C e-i-fpss B Ir-Xn,hen- w,a p{]txy-i-x-iƒ N sn øp- pxps vhmtcmc ebpw A h-bpss A{K-`m-K-Ø p- \n pw Xmtgḿv\of-Ø n ]eij-w-ß -fmbniodm B h-iy-s -Sp- pc ß s\ Iodn-sb-Sp- m Ign C e-ifpw Iodn-sb-Sp- m Ign-bmØ Ce-Ifpwc v`mk-ømbnhbv p- p Iodm Ign C e-bpss t]cv Iodm Ign-bmØ C e-bpss t]cv F p-sim- mwvnnece-iƒ\of-øn Iodm Ign- Xv?F p-sim- mwvnnece-iƒ\of-øn Iodm Ign-bm-Ø Xv?;N t{imu o-i-c-w w X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

26 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v18, 2-5 ]T-\-t\ w:c e-i-fns ekncm-hn-\ymkw\nco- n vpmenimkncm-hn-\ym-kw,kam- ckncm-hn-\ymkw F nhx ncn- -dn-bp- p ]mt-]p-kvxiw t]pv24 ImW p amxr-i-bn-ep c n-e-iƒ m n {]Z in- n va h-bpss{]txy-ix N sn øp- p PmenI kncm-hn-\ymkw Ce-I-fn he- -Æn-Iƒt]mse ImW p kncm-hn-\ym-k-amw v (R-c-ºp-I-fpsShym]-\w) PmenImkncm-hn-\ymkw PmenImkncm-hn-\ym-kw kky-ß -fps S t]cp-iƒ kam- ckncm-hn-\ymkw C e-i-fn kam- -c-ambn knc-iƒ(r-c-ºp-i-fpss hym]-\w)hn\y-kn- n-cn- p- -Xns\ kam- ckncm-hn-\ymkw F v]d-bp- p kam- -c-kn-cm-hn-\ymkw kky-ß -fps S t]cp-iƒ X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

27 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v19, 2-6 ]T-\-t\ w:n p p-]m-sp-ap kky-ß fps S C e-i-fns ekncm-hn-\ym-khpw thcp-]-s-ehpw\nco- n v]c-kv]c_ w Is Øn]d-bp- p \nß -fpss hosns kao-]-ø p Xmsg- -d-bp kky-ß ƒ\nco- n- p-i C h-bpssthcp-]-sew,kncm-hn-\ymkwf nh] n-i-s -Sp-Ø qis -Ø-ep-Iƒ tcj-s -Sp-Ø pi kky-øns t]cv 1 sxß v 2 amhv 3 ]\ 4 πmhv 5 Ihpß v(a -S-bv m-a-cw) 6 hmg thcp-]-sew kncm-hn-\ym-kw Xmbvthcv \mcp-thcv PmenI kam- cw Fs Is -Ø-ep-Iƒ X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

28 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v20, 2-7 ]T-\-t\ w:g I-_o-P-]-{X-k-ky-ß ƒ pwzzn_op-]-{x-k-ky-ß ƒ pw\n -N-\ß ƒ\ Ip- p apf- n ]b a-w n,s\ aw nf nh m n {]Z in- n- p- p]b a-w n-bpssc e-iƒ vxmsgi n-bp C e-iƒt]mse ImW p `mk-amw v_op-]-{x-ß ƒcu_op-]-{x-ß -fn-emw vhnø papf-bv p-hm B h-iy-amb B l mcw,kkyw tij-cn p hbv p- -XvsNSn-h-f-cp- -Xn-\-\p-k-cn v_op-]-{x-ß ƒ N pcpß nhen wipd vhcn-ibpwdw ß nxmtgbv v]xn-bv p-ibpw snøp- pkky-ß ƒ kz -ambnb l mcw\n Ωn vd]-tbm-kn- p- Xvhsc_oP-]-{X-Ø nseb l m-c-amw vcukky-ß ƒ D]- tbm-kn- p- -XvC Xp-t]mses\ a-w n-bn Hcp_oP-]-{XsaImW p- p phcpkkyw G I-_o-P-]-{X-amtW mzzn_o-p-]-{xamtw mf vffp- -Ø n Xncn- -dnbmwfß s\? G I-_o-P-k-ky-ß -fpssimw vu-ø n\v(x-sn) ]pdw `mkw\ ISp- hpw Dƒ`mKw ISp w Ipd-hp-am-W v DZm-l-c-Ww:sXß v,as-bv m-a-cw Zzn_oPkky-ß -fpss ImW vu-ø n\v]pdtaisp wipdhpw A IØ v\ ISp- w(-im-x )D m-hp-ibpw sn øpw, DZm-l-c-W w;tx v,πmhv G I-_o-P-k-ky-ß ƒ Zzn_o-P-k-ky-ß ƒ X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

29 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v21, 2-8 s{]mpivsvdnt m vx øm-dm- s{]mpivsvl -ß ƒ s{]mpivsvdnt m vl S\ {]iv\wis -Ø N Bkq-{XWw \n -l W w tij-cn hnh-c-ß -fps S{Iao-I-cW w A]-{K-Y\w \nk-a\ cq]o-i-cw w s{]mpivsvdnt m vx øm-dm- epw A h-x-cn- n- epw BapJw {]iv\w Dulw kma-{k-l n-iƒ A]-{K-Y\w Is -Ø-ep-Iƒ \nk-a\w \ap-s mcps{]mpivsvdnt m vxøm-dm- n-bmtem? X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

30 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v22, 3-1 ]T-\-t\ w:kzmx- y-øn\vapºp `mc-x-øns Zpc-h-ÿ -IƒXncn- -dn-bp- p Bi-b-`q-]Sw tcmk-ß ƒ Zmcn-{Zyw,] n-w n sxmgn-en- mbva \ḿp-cm-py-ß ƒ X Ωn ÿ ncwielw C y1947\vapºv GI-tZiw60 ]cw \ḿp-cm-py-ß ƒ s N dnb\ḿp-cm-py-ß -fmbn hnl-sn vign- p hnhn[pmxn-iƒxωn i{xp-xbpw s Ime-]m-X-I-hpw, h o-b-i-em-]-ß ƒ, tzio-b-x-bps S A `mhw hnhn[ cmpy-ß -fmbn Ign-bp- -X n-\m C y-sb t_m[ywc sfiy-an- m-bva-bpw,i{x p-xbpw ]ptcm-ln-x-cpss ta[m-hnx zw A -hn-izm-kw,a \m-n mcw PmXn-Nn-, hyxykvxaxm-nm-c-ß ƒ Ipdn v: B i-b-`q-]-s-ø n X n- p N m-kq-n-i-ß ƒ D]-tbm-Kn vkzmx-{ y-ø n\papºp C y-s b- p-dn vhcp[m-cw Iṕn-Iƒ v\ Ip p X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

31 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v23, 3-2 ]T-\-t\ w:c y kzmx-{ y-k-a-c-ønse{][m-\-kw-`-h-ß ƒ,hy n-iƒ,ÿ e-ß ƒf nhis -Øp p Km npn {][m\ kw`-h-ß ƒ {][m-\-hy- n-iƒ C y kzmx-{ y-k-acw {][m\ÿ e-ß ƒ {][m\xob-xn-iƒ X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

32 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v24, 3-3 ]T-\-t\ w:c y kzmx{ yka-c-n-cn-{x-ønse{][m\kw`-h-ß ƒah\s ÿ e-ß ƒah-bp-ambn_ -s hy n- Iƒ F nhxncn- -dn-bp- -Xn\v C y-bpsskzmx-{ y-k-acw HcpIpdn v H mwkzmx-{ y-k-acw in]m-bn-am v\ Inb]pXnb txm nseshsn-bp- -Iƒ]ip-hn-t bpw] n-bp-tsbpw simgp- p-]-tbm-kn- v\n Ωn- -XmsW pwcxvd]-tbm-kn p XvaX-]-c-ambXß -fpsshnizm-ksø tnmzywsnøp- -Xm-sW- p-ap hmzsø XpS v1857 G{]n 24\vIpd vssk\o-i C Ø cwtxm p-iƒ D]-tbm-Kn- m hnk-ω-xn- pc hscssk\y-ø n \n v]ncn- p-hn-sp-ibpw 10h jsø XS-hn\vhn[n- p-ibpwsnbvxpcukw`hwa pc y ssk\o-isc tcmjm-ip-e-cm- nsabv10\va h XS-hn-em- -s kl-{]-h Ø-IscXpd- p-hn- p-sim vhm^o-k am s Xnsc\nd-sbm-gn- pa txmss Iem]w B cw-`n- pcuiem-]- Ø ns XpS- - m-c sim -Ø-bv -SpØ _mc-iv]q-cn awkƒ]mw vsu F bphssk\o-i H bv piem-]-ap-b Ø n 1857am v29\v]mw vsu sb Xq n-te- nc y kzmx{ yka-c-ø nseb ZysØ c -km- n-bm-bn C y \mj-w tim {K v 1885apws_-bn \S ktω-f\-øn BWvC y \mj-w tim {Kkvcq]wsIm -XvAe HIvtSm-hn-b lypf {_ńo-jp-im-c-\mw vtim {K-ns ÿ m]-i Nºm-c kxym-{klw _ol m-dnsen ºm-c Pn -bn \oew IrjnsN øp txḿ-ß -fpss bqtdm-]y- m-cmb DS-a-Iƒs -Xnsc1917 kxym-{kl w F ka-cm-bp[w Km npnb Zy-ambn]co- n- psxmgn-em-fn-iƒ vhfscb izmkwe`n- pcuka-c-ø n-eq-ss X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

33 kzmx{ yka-chpambn_ -s {][m-\-kw-`-h-ß ƒ Nucn-Nucmkw`hw 1922s^{_p-hcn5\vDØ {]-tz-insetkmcjv]q Pn -bn s] N uco-n ucm{kma-ø n aqhm-bn-c-tø mfw I j-i ]s - SpØ HcptIm {K vpmy\s- ppmybv pt\sct]meokvshsn-sh- p p`n-x-cmbp\- q wt]meokvtãj B{I-an- p- Ibpw Xosh-bv p-ibpw sn bvxp22t]meo-kp-im CuXohbv]n sh pacn- p Pmen-b hm-em-_mkviq -s me 1919G{]n 13\v] m-_nsea ar-xvk Pn -bn s Pmen-b hm-em-_m-kn HcptbmKwtN paq phi-ß fpwsi n-s-ß - fm N p -s] Hscm {]th-i-\-am wam{x-ap- m-bn-cp Xpd-mb HcpssaXm-\-am-bn-cp ppmen-b hm-em-_m-kvp\-d U b- dpsst\xr-xz-ø n 50kmbp[ ssk\o-i \ncm-bp-[-cm-b-p\- q- -Ø n\vt\ vshsn-bp-xn Ø pb bn-c-ß ƒ sim -s - piq s mecmpysø \Sp- ncmpy-hym-]-i-amb{]xn-tj[w\s- pal m-ihncho{µ\my SmtKm k ÿ m\w Dt]- n- p ZWvUn-bm{X ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v25, am v12\vkm npnzw vu n-bm-{xbv vxps wipdn- p78a\p-bm-bn-iƒs m wk_ a-xn-bn \n v375intem-ao- AI-se-bp ZWvUnIS- p-d-tøbv vat±lwim \S-bmbn]pd-s - pg{]n 6\vZWvUn-bn FØn-t Km npnhcp- ]nsnd pfsp-ø p-sim v{_ńo-jp-im-cpss D p\nbaw ewl n- p d^d kv:c y-bpss kzmx-{ y-k-a-cw U n-kn_pivkv X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

34 C y kzmx-{ y-k-a-c-øn\vt\xrxzw\ Inbal-Xvhy- n 1tKm]m-e-IrjvW tkmjs e 1866al m-cm-jv{s-bn P\\w KW n-x-im-kv{x-ø n _ncpzw ]qsw-bn kviqƒ A[ym-]-I k h vkvhm^vc y skmssk nÿ m]n- p 1905C y \mjw tim {Kkv{]kn-U v Km n-pn-bpss cmjv{sob Kpcp 2_me-Kw-Km-[cX neiv kzcmpyw Fs P m-h-imiamw va XvR m t\spi Xs sn øpw F {]i-kvx-amb{]tbmkwc t±-l-ø n-t -Xm-W v1916 tlmwdqƒeokvÿ m]n- padm-ø,tikcnf o]{x-ß ƒÿ m]n- p 3ememePv]X vdmbv ] m_vtikcn 1865P\-\w_n]n N{µ-]m,_me-Kw-Km-[-c-Xn-e-IvF n-h s m wememepv]xvdmbviqsntn -t mƒ em ]m _m {Xnaq Ø n-kwk-aw{_ńojvssk\y-ø ns {Iqc-amb a -\-ß ƒ n-c-bmbnacn- p 4-kp-`mjvN{µ-t_m-kv 1897 I -Ø-bn P\-\wsF-F -F-bpsSÿ m]-i Km n-pnsb B Zy-ambncmjv{S-]n-XmhvF vhnfn- pcmpy-kvt\-l n- I-fnsecmP-Ip-am-c F mw vkm npnt_mkns\ hnti-jn- n- -Xv1945 Hcphnam-\-]-I-S-Ø n acn- -Xmbn]d-b-s -Sp- p d^-d kv:at\m-cac b _p v2015 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v26, 3-5 X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

35 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v27, 3-6 5Ph-l em s\lvdp 1889\hw-_ 14\vA e-l m-_m-zn P\n- pcmjv{s-in n-bmbn`mcxwb Z-cn- p- piṕn-i-fpssnm m-pn-bmb A t±-l-ø ns P - Zn\wIṕn-I-fpsSZn\-ambn`mcXwsIm m-sp- pizn vc ymka-c-ø n\vt\xrxzw\ InkzX{ C y-bpssb Zy{][m-\-a{ n Ct±-l-Øns ai-fmwvcµn-cm-km- n 6s ItIf- ticfkm nf -dn-b-s -Sp- pssh w kxym-{k-l w,kpcp-hm-bq kxym-{kl w F n-hbv vt\xrxzw\ IntIc-f-Ø n \S D p-k-xym-{k-l-ø ns ap W nt]mcm-fn-bm-bn 7`KX vknwkv C y kzmx{ yka-c-ønseg hpwxnf- -ta-dnbhnπ-h-im-cn] m-_n P\-\w1922seNucnNuckw`hw`KXv knwkns\ hfsckzm[o-\n- p\h-p-hm `mcxvk`ÿ m]n- p{_ńojvt]meokvhm^o-ksdshsn-sh psim tiknepw sk {S sepn-t - ohva kw-ª n-bn t_mws_-dn-bp-ibpwsn bvx-xns t]cn A d-ãn 23 mw hb-n Xq n-te- -s - p 8N{µ-ti-J B km-zv cmpy-ø ns kzmx{ ywhnπ-h-ø n-eqssic-k-x-amipwf p-d phniz-kn vb bp-[-sa-spø pt]mcm-snb[oc-\mb kzmx-{ y-k-ac t]mcm-fna y-{]-tz-in P\-\w15- mw hb-n kzmx{ yka-c-`-s-\m-bna dãvsn ø-s vapn-kvt{s- n\pap n l mp-cm- th kz w t]cvhntam-n n-x F -ap B kmzvf vsamgn\ InA papx N{µ-ti-J Xnhm-cnsb N{µ-ti-J B kmzv F -dn-b-s - p IqSp-X hnh-c-ß ƒ So ssivãvt]pv120,121,122 X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

36 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v28, 3-7 ]T-\-t\ w:c y kzmx{ yka-c-ønse{][m\kw`-h-ß -sf- p-dn vipdn vxøm-dm- Pmen-b hmem-_mkvkw`hw Izn vc ymkacw N ºm-c kacw \n -l-cw kacw D pkx ym-{kl w ae-_m Iem]w Kpcp-hm-bq kx ym-{kl w s s h w kx ym-{kl w X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

37 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v29, 4-1 ]T-\-t\ w:np p-ap ] n-isf] n-i-s -Sp-Øp- -Xn\pwA h-bpss{]txy-i-x-iƒtcj-s -Sp-Øp- -Xn\pw \nß -fpsshón hf Ø p ] n-i-fpsst]cvfgp-xp-i 1) 2) 3) 4) C h-sb- p-dn v\nß ƒs - -dnbmw timgn {]mhv X mdmhv aṕ,-c-d- n, Cha\p-jy ` -W-ambn D]-tbm-Kn- p p Hcphf Ø p ] n-bm-wv IqSvs I n aṕ-bn-sp p hf Ø p-]- n-bm-w v aṕ,c d n C ha\p-jy ` -W-ambn D]-tbm-Kn- p p Ic-bnepw Pe-Ø nepw Pohn- pw F\n va dn-bm-hp ] n-ifpsst]cv: X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

38 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v30, 4-2 ]T-\-t\ w:iqsp-iƒ,hmk-ÿ -ew,bir-xnf n-h-bn ] n-i-ƒsshhn[yw]pe Øp psh vis Øn]d-bp- p Ipbn abn Im {]mhv BWn\pws]Æn\pw {]txyi\nd-am-w v ] n-iƒ n-s-bnse ]ḿp-im-c kz -ambn IqSp- m- n km[m-cw \ḿn ]p-d-ß -fn ImW mw ] n-tem-isø \rø- m-c Xqh-ep-Iƒ at\m-l cw ag-bø v \røwnhńpw h\-ta-j-e-i-fn Xmakw Im -I-dp-º ]cn-kcw hrøn-bm- p- -h F mÿ e-ß -fnepw ImW m Ignbpw kz -ambniqsv D m naṕ-bnspw Iq Øv aq -bp Np v sh -cn-{]mhv ] n-i-sf- p-dn vrm a\-n-em- nbimcy-ß ƒ Np p-iƒ: Imep-Iƒ: Xma-k-ÿ ew: a\p-jy vkl m-bic-amb Imcy-ß ƒ: X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

39 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v31, 4-3 ]T-\-t\ w:k m-c-co-x n,b l m-c-k-ºm-z-\-co-x nf n-h-bv -\p-k-cn v] n-i-fps Simco-cnI{]tX y-i-x-iƒ X ncn- -dn vtcj-s -Sp-Ø p- p ] n-ifpwa h-bpssa \p-iq-e-\-ß fpw ] n A \p-iq-e-\-ß ƒ ]cp v Im aqß XØ sim v Xmdmhv \ ImgvNi- n,iq Øvaq -bp Np p-iƒ,ccsbhxp n]nsn- m ] p hn[-øn Imep-Iƒ \ tiƒhn-i- n,iq Ø vaq -bp N p p-iƒ,c csb HXp n]nsn- m ] p hn[-ø n Imep-Iƒ \ ImgvN-i- n,iq Ø N p v,imep-iƒ hnc-ep-iƒ Iq n-t Ø vac-s mºpi-fn _e-ambn]nsn- n-cn- m Ign-bp- piq Ø vhf \J-ß ƒ \o henbimep-iƒ,sh -Øns Bg-Øn \n p-t]mepwccsb]nsn- m Ign-bp- p Pe-Ø nepwic-bnepwk -cn pw ] n-i-fpssnp p-iƒ,a h-bpssimep-iƒ,iæp-iƒf nha h-bpss` -W-co-Xnbpwk mccoxn-bp-ambn hfsc_ -s - n-cn- p- p So ssivãnsek -cn- mw,cc-]n-sn mwf {]h Ø-\-tØm-sSm wcuh vjo vsnø-ww X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

40 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v32, 4-4 ]T-\-t\ w:] n-i-fpss{]m[m\yw X ncn- -dn v{]kvx m-hn- p- p ] n-i-fpssklmbw hnøp-hn-x-cww IoS-\n-b-{ Ww ]cn-ÿ nxnkwc- -Ww amß,iip-h- n,t]cbv XpS-ß nb]g-ß ƒcu] niƒ Ign- p- pcxns A h-injvsw a vÿ eß fn sim p sn n-sp- piqsmsxch-bpss ImjvT-Øn \n pwk-ky-ß ƒ apf phcpw-nm-w-iw how p-in-s ÿ eøv]p viqsp-x hf v \n - p- XvDZm-l-c-Ww aqß,]cp- v,im XpS-ß nb] n-iƒfensb dm n-sb-spøv` n- p- -Xv IqSmsXsNdnbXc-Øn-ep IoS-ß sfchsimøn Xn p- ptimgn-iƒ\ωpss hosn\pn p p-ap ] - -dn-ifnseios-ß sfsimøn Xn m-dp- v ssph-ssh-hn[yw \ne-\n Ø p- -X n\v] n-iƒ {][m\] phln- p- p a\p-jy-hm-k-an- mø ÿ - eß fnsekky-ß -fpss hnøp-iƒ] n-iƒaptj\ hnhn[ÿ e-ß -fn hnx-cww snøp- pa an-x-ambios-ß - fpsshf sbsspho-i-ambn Xs \nb- n- p- p tcmk-ß sf\nb-{ n- p- - XnepwCØcwklmbw ] n-iƒ\ Ip- p ] n-iƒ a\p-jy\pw{]ir-xn pw\nc-h[nkl m-b-ß -fmw vsn øp- XvF vapi-fn simspø ] n-i-bn \n pw a\-nem- n-b-t m\nß -fpssa `n-{]mbwn pcp-ß nb hm p-i-fn Fgp-XpI X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

41 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v33, 4-5 ]T-\-t\ w:hf Øp-]- n-isfsim p {]tbm-p-\-ß ƒ] n-i-s -Sp-Øp- p \nß -fpsshónepwkao-]sø hónepwiq p-im-cpss hospi-fnepwhf Ø p ] n-i-fpsst]sc-gp-xp-i ChsbA e- m-c-øn\v,blm-c-øn-\v,hn -\bv vf n-ß s\aq vhǹm-k-ß -fn-em n] n-i-bm- p-i A e- m-c-ø n\v B l m-c-ø n\v hn -\bv v hf Ø p-]- n-isfsim p {]tbm-p-\-ß ƒ X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

42 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v34, 5-1 ]T-\-t\ w:tic-f-ø nseiem-cq-]-ß ƒ Is Ø n] n-i-s -Sp-Ø p- p Hmtcm{]tZ-i-Ø n\pw B {]tz-i-ø n-t -Xmb kmwkvim-cn-i-ø-\na\ne-\n Ø p B tl m-j-ß ƒ,d -h-ß ƒ,\ms I-fn- Iƒ,Iem-cq-]-ß ƒ F nhbp vc Ø cw kmwkvim-cn-ihpw N cn-{x-]-c-hp-amb{]mtz-in-i-ø-\n-a-iƒ Xncn- -dn-bp-tºm-gmw vb {]tz-isø p-dn- p [mc-w-iƒ ka-{k-am-hp- -Xv Rm a\-n-em- nb B tl m-j-ß ƒ D -h-ß ƒ \ms I-fn-Iƒ Iem-cq-]-ß ƒ HmW w Xriq ]qcw timep-ifn sxøw tic-fø nse Iem-cq-]-ß -sf- p-dn vf\n va\-n-em-b-xv X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

43 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v35, 5-2 ]T-\-t\ w:tic-f-ø ns eb tl m-j-ß sf p-dn vipdn- p-iƒ X øm-dm na h-x-cn- n- p- p tic-f-ønsehnhn[btlm-j-ß ƒ] n-i-s -Sp-ØpI 1HmW w 2hnjp 3_{IoZv 4{InkvX p-akv 5\_n-Zn\w HmW-hp-ambn_ -s Imcy-ß ƒ C Xp-t]mse\nß ƒ n-jvs-s HcpB tl m-jsø- p-dn v HcpeL pipdn- vxøm-dm- pi HmW- q- fw : ]qhnfn : ]q -f-an-s : HmW- m- p-iƒ : HmW- -fn-iƒ : HmW-kZy : HmW-t msn : HmW- : X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

44 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v36, 5-3 ]T-\-t\ w:iebpw B tl m-j-ß fpw tic-fob kwkvim-csø {]X n-^-en- n- p pf vx ncn- -dn-bp- -X n\v ticfønseiem-cq-]-ß ƒ {][m-\-ambpw3coxn-bn XcwXncn mw sx tic-f-ø nse a y-ti-c-f-ø nse hs- tic-f-ø nse Iem-cq-]-ß ƒ Iem-cq-]-ß ƒ Iem-cq-]-ß ƒ X ncp-h-\- -]p-cw,sim w,]ø-\w-x ń B e- p-g,tiḿ-bw,c Sp n Fd-W m-ip-fw,-xr-»q ]me- m-sv,ae- p-dw,timgn-t msv hb-\m-sv,iæ q,imk timu v ]S-b-W n,hḿ Xp-, h w-i-fn,a Ø-tL m-j-bm{x, sxøw,h -\,A d-_-\-aṕv,ipωḿn h w-i-fn, ]pen- -fn,iy-ifn CuX n-cn- p Iem-cq-]-ß -fn G sx- nepwhcpiem-cq-]-sø- p-dn vhcpel p-hn-h-c-w wxøm-dm- p-i IebpwBtLm-j-ß fpwtic-fobkwkvim-csø {]Xn-^-en- n- p pf Xn\vssZh-Øn-s kz w\msvticfwf Xe-s - ns\ B kv]-z-am nhcpipdn vxøm-dm- p-i X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

45 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v37, 5-4 Ie-I-fpsSIfn-sØ m- n Pn kmaql ykmwkvim-cni{]h Ø-I kmwkvim-cni ÿ m]-\-ß ƒ, Iem-cq-]-ß ƒ \thm- m-\-{]-h ØI kvamc-i-ß ƒ Xncp-h-\- -]pcw sship-w vu-kzm-an-iƒ,n -ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ, ticf`mjmc Ãn- yq- v,ticftã vsse{_dn {io\m-cm-b-w-kpcp,a ø m-fn,d q Iu kn,kwÿ m\_me-km-l nxyc Ãn- yq v sim w ]Ø-\w-Xń B e- pg tiḿbw CSp n H-F -hnipdp v ]S-bW n XIgninh-i- -c- n h w-i-fn,am w-i-fn, cma-]p-c-ø p-hm-cy,tic-f-h Ω hen-b-tim-bn-ø-ºp-cm,_jo Nhn- p-\m-siw IYIfn Fd-W m-ipfw i -cm-nm-cy,hn-sn-`- -Xn-cn- msv ticf{]kva m-z-an,pqx- - n,l n m-ekv A Ø- -a-bw, Nhn- p-\m-siw Xriq DÆ m-bn-hm-cy tic-f-km-l n-xy-a- m-z-an,ticfiem-a-w vu-ew, IpΩm- n, tic-f-kw-kox\msia m-zan IY-I-fn,]pen- -fn ]me msv Ip \-ºym Ip \-ºym kvamciw IpΩḿn ae- pdw FgpØ-,]q m\w Xp kvam-ciw H -\,A d-_-\-aṕv timgn-t msv hb-\msv sndp-t»-cn,fwsn IpΩḿn IÆ q ticft^mivtem A m-zan sxøw Imk timu v sxøw,b- -Km\w X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn d^-d kv: at\m-cac b _p v2015

46 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v38, 5-5 ]T-\-t\ w:\ms I-fn-Iƒ] n-i-s -Sp-Ø p- p Nne-\m-S Ifn-Iƒ Ifn Fß s\ifn mw km vko pifn I vifn C qfnπokv kωxwifn I_SnI_Sn X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

47 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v39, 5-6 ]T-\-t\ w:tic-f-sø- p-dn- p A Sn-ÿ m\hnh-c-ß ƒis -Øp- -Xn\v {]nba[ym-]-i-tc hmbn mwhcbv mwf ]mt`mkwtic-fsø Npcp-ß nbhm p-i-fn-eqssam{xta A h-x-cn- n- m {ian- n- p- pcuipdhv]cn-l-cn- p- -Xn\vth ntic-f-sø- p-dn viqsp-x Dƒs -Sp-Ø n-bn- p- v kvamc-i-ß ƒ hnt\m-z-k- mc ti{µ-ß ƒ Pn -Iƒ Ncn-{X-{]m-[m-\y-ap ÿ e-ß ƒ ti-cfw `mj A b kw-ÿ m-\-ß ƒ AXn Øn CuB i-b-`q-]swd]-tbm-kn vtic-f-sø- p-dn v]c-am-h[nhnh-c-ß ƒ tij-cn- qipdn vxøm-dm- q X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

48 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v40, 6-1 ]T-\-t\ w:{`a-w w,]cn-{i-aw wf nhfs vx ncn- -dn-bp- p ]mt-]p-kvxiwt]pv60 Nn{Xo-I-cn- n-cn- p t]msekqcy,n{µ,`qanf n-h-bmbniṕn-isf\n Ø p- ptnm p- sim vhc hrø-øn-eqssiṕn-iƒk -cn- -WwCß s\k -cn- p-tºmƒ\n p `mkøvkzbwxncn-bp-ibpw apt ḿp\oß p-ibpwthwwcu{]h Ø-\-Øn-eqsSkqcy\pNp pw`qankzbwid-ß p- p-s pwcß s\id-ß p kabø v`qan-bpsshcp`mkø vkqcy-{]-imiwa Sn- p- p-s pwat `mkwc cp- m-sw pwhni-z-am- p- p`qan-bpsscukzbw Id-ß -en\p]d-bp t]cmw v{`a-w w(rotation)cuid wcm{xnbpw]iepwd m- p- pc ß s\ `qankzbwid-ß m-s\-sp- p kabw24aw n- q-dm-w vc XmW vhcpznh-kw`qan-bn-ß s\ kzbw Id-ß p txmssm wkqcys\ hebwhbv p-ibpw snøp- p- vcß s\kqcys\`qannp p- XvHcpZo L-hr-Ø-]-Y-Øn-em-WvCß s\`qanhcp{]mhiywkqcys\np p- - Xn\v]cn-{I-aW w(revolution) F v]d-bp- pc ß s\ `qanhcp{]mhiywkqcys\ N p p- -Xn\vth kabw ap q na dp-]- Ø n-b-t -Im Znh-k-am-W v(1h jw)`qankqcy\pn p pw kzbw Id-ß p- -Xns thkx 298Intem-ao- /sk m-w v A Xm-bXvan\n- n 1788Intem-ao- thk-x-bn `qanhmsp pf wa t mƒ\ωtfm? C{Xbpwhmbn pign- -t mƒf\n- p- mbkwi-b-ß ƒ: X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn d^-d kv: {]]- -tcj KSSP

49 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v41, 6-2 ]T-\-t\ w:`qan,n{µ,kqcy F n-h-s b- p-dn va [ni hnh-c-ß ƒ a\-n-em- p- -X n\v F\n va\-n-em-bx v `qan N{µ kqcy Poh-\p {]tziw BsI-bp {]tz-i-øns aq n c v`mkwpe-amwv `qand m-bńv1350timsnh jw kqcy-{]-im-i-øns 35%BWv `qan{]xn-^-en- n- p- Xv N{µ-\n \n pw`qan-bn-te v t\m n-bm `qantim`-\-amb HcptKmf-ambntXm pw kzbw{]im-in- p- n `qan-bn D Xns Bdn H v`mcw am{xtaa\p-`-h-s Sp kqcy-{]-im-i-ø ns 7iX-am\w N{µ {]Xn-^-en- n- p pc ß s\{]xn-^-en- n- p Xn\vB _ntumwf p]d-bp p N{µs\ p-dn- p ]T\w ske-t\m-{km^n `qan-bpss\ng N{µ-\n ]Xn- p-tºmƒ N{µ-{K-lWwD m-hp p kzbw{]im-in- p p `qan-bn \n pw 1496 timsn Intem-ao- Zqscÿ nxnsn øp p kqcys {]Im-i-amW v`qan-bn Pohs XpSn- n\vimcw w BIm-iØvImWp kwjy-b \ -{X-ß -fn H mwvkqcy kqcys A -co- sø simtdmw F vhnfn- p p F p-sim- m-bn-cn pw kqcy-{]-im-i-ø ns 35 ix-am\w `qan{]xn-^-en- n- m ImcW w?`qan-bpss aq n c v`mkw Pe-am-sW- -dn-bm-at m? C Xp-X-Ωn Fs - nepw_ -apt m?iqsp-x kwi-b-ap-s - n F t^m \º-dn hnfn- q X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn d^-d kv: {]]- -tcj KSSP

50 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v42, 6-3 ]T-\-t\ w:_l n-cm-im-i-hp-ambn_ -s A Sn-ÿ m\ hnh-c-ß ƒ a\-n-em- p- -X n\v 1kuc-bqYwF m F mwv? kqcy,axn-\p-np pwid-ß p {Kl-ß ƒ,ahbv pnp pwid-ß p D]-{K-l-ß ƒ,kqcy\pnp pwid-ß p p{z-{k-l-ß ƒayhm el p-{k-l-ß ƒ,d -Iƒ,[qa-tI-Xp- ƒ,f n-h-bvs mw IqSn-bp t]cmw vkuc-bq-yw 2{`aWwF m F v? `qanaxns A p-x- n kzbwxncn-bm-s\-sp- p ka-bsø {`awwf phnfn- p p(23awn- q 56an\n v41sk v) 3]cn-{I-aWwF m F v? `qankqcys\ Np m FSp- p ka-bsø ]cn-{i-aw Imew F p]d-bp- p(365 Znh-kw)94tImSnIntem-ao- Zqcw hcp Hcpk m-c-]-y-ø n-eqss aw n- q-dn G Xm vhcpe w Intem-ao- thk-ø n (107280)]m p-sim v36525 Znhkw sim v`qan kqcy\pn p pw Hcp]cn-{I-aW w]q Ø n-bm- p- p 4{Kl-ß fpwd]-{k-l-ß -fpwxωn-ep- {][m\hyxymkw? {Kl-ß ƒkqcy\pnp pwid-ß p- pd]-{k-l-ß ƒ{kl-ß ƒ pnp pwid-ß p p 5`qan vs hfn-bn-embna\p-jy Imep-Ip-Ø nb B Zys Ø temiw? N-{µ 61969apX 1972hscbp Ime-L- -Øn samøw12t] N{µ-\n Cd-ß n 7\o Bwkvt{Smß vh m-a-xv,bqpn k Æm ]{ - m-a-xv 8N{µ-s\- p-dn- p ]T\w s ke-t\m-{km^n _l n-cm-imi Iznkv 9N{µ-{K-lWwF m `qan-bpss\ng N{µ-\n ]Xn- p-tºmƒn{µ-{k-lwwd mhpw 10{Kl-ß -fps S t]cp-iƒ:1_p[,2ip{i,3`qan,4snm,5hymgw,6i\n,7bpdm-\-kv,8s\]vsyq X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn d^-d kv: {]]- -tcj KSSP at\m-cac b _p v _me-cassu PÃv

51 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v43, 6-4 ]T-\-t\ w:`qan-bpss G I{]Ir-X n-zø D]-{K-l-amb N{µ-s\- p-dn viqsp-x a\-n-em- p- -X n-\v {Kl-ß fpwd]-{k-l-ß fpwxωn-ep hyxymkwxncn- -dn-bp p N{µs A cn-in-te v `qan-bpss D]-{K-l-amW vn{µ,{kl-ß sfnp n-ø n-cn-bp hkvxp- -fmw vd]-{k-l-ß ƒkqcys\ Np p hkvxp sf mw {Kl-a- F m kqcy\vnp pwid-ß p F v{kl-ß -fmwvct m-gp- -Xv `qan-bn \n vn{µ-\n-te- p Zqcw 39e w Intem-ao- -dmw v `qan vshfn-bn-embna\p-jy Im Ip-ØnbBZysØ temiwn{µ-\m-wv a\p-jy B Zy-ambnN{µ-\n Im Ip-Ø n-bx v1969pqs s e21\mw v A ta-cn- -bn \n p- _ln-cm-im-i-bm-{xn-i-cmwvbzy-ambnn{µ-\n Cd-ß n-b-xv \o Bwkvt{Smß vapx bqpn k Æm hsc-bp 12t]cmWvCXp-hscN{µ-\n Cd-ß n-bxv(1969ap 1972hsc) `qan-bpss\ng N{µ-\n ]Xn- p-tºm-gmwvn{µ-{k-l-w-ap- m-ip- -Xv N{µ-\n Pe-an-,hmbp-hn-,Poh-\p H p-an- N{µs D]-cn-Xews]mSnbpwI p-ifpwsim v\nd- n-cn- p- p N{µ-\n kap-{z-an- an\p-k-ambni ka-xew\nc-h[nk Ø-ß ƒ\nd- -Xm-WvCØcwK Ø-ß sft{i -dp-iƒ F vhnfn- p- p N{µs `qan-im-kv{x s Ø s ke-t\m-{km^nf p]d-bp- p s Se-kvtIm- p-]-tbm-kn vb Zyw]Tn tkmf-amw vn{µ A ssk sa vxøm-dm- mw:hnjbw N{µ-bm 1 X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn d^-d kv: {]]- -tcj KSSP

52 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v44, 6-5 ]T-\-t\ w:ir{x nad]{kl ß -fpss D]-tbmKw X ncn- -dn-bp- -X n\v cmpy-ø n\vhcp-am\w a p-cm-py-ß -fpss B h-iy-ß ƒ v D]-{K-l-ß ƒ hms-ibv v\ In kmº-ø n-i-t\ w C y _ln-cm-imi]cn-th-jww Imem-hÿ hnzym-`ym-kw NnIn hnzym-`ymkn m\-ep-iƒ Ir{X nad]-{k-l-ß ƒ hnam-\w,i,zni-b-dn-bm A ta-cn- -bpss_l n-cm-imi ]cn-th-jw G P kn Im v,ag,kp\manf nh {]h-nn- p p kzimcysn-hnn m\-ep-iƒ hm Ø m-hn-\n-abw,kx m-kx w samss_ t^mw p-iƒ X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

53 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v45, 6-6 ]T-\-t\ w:_l n-cm-im-i-hp-ambn_ -s IqSp-X A dn-hp-iƒ Is -Ø he-tø ḿv 1G hpwhenb{klw 2he-b-ß -fp {Kl w 3 BZy_ln-cm-Imik mcn 4C y-bpss Ir{XnaD]-{Kl w 5N{µ-s\- p-dn v]tn- m C yab ]cy-th-jw ZuXyw Xmtgḿv 6sNm -sb- p-dn v]tn- m C yab ]cy-th-jw ZuXyw 7B Zy-ambnN{µs\ sse-kvtim vd]-tbm-kn v \nco- n hy n 8`qan-bpsS D]-{Kl w DØcw 1-hymgw 2i\n 3-bq-dn-K-Km-dn 4-B-cy-` 5-N-{µ-bm 6-aw-Kƒbm 7Keo-entbmKeoen 8N{µ _l n-cm-im-i-]z-{]iv\w hym 1 gw i 2 \n bq 3 dn X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn K 7 eo en tbm K eo en N 5 Km B 4 {µ dn cy 6 aw K ƒ bm N 8 {µ ` d^-d kv: {]]- -tcj KSSP

54 ]cn-kc]t\w IV h vjo- v46, 6-7 ]T-\-t\ w:_l n-cm-im-i-hp-ambn_ -s IqSp-X A dn-hp-iƒ Is -Ø _l n-cm-im-i-]z-{]iv\w hetø ḿv 1`qan-bpsS D]-{K-l w 4C y-bpssbzysø Ir{XnaD]-{Klw 6cmhpw]IepwD m-im ImcWw Xmtgḿv 2tIc-f-Ø nsetdm vhnt -]-W-tI{µw 3`qan-bpsSASp-Øp \ {Xw 5kqcy\pwkqcys\Np p {Kl-ß fpw D]-{K-l-ß fpwtn Xv 7D]-{K-l-hn-t -]W hml\w 8{`a-W-tØ m-ssm w `qankqcys\ hewhbv p- Xv 9-N-{µs\ XoscImW mø Znhkw Iq p-imsc kz -ambn]z-{]iv\wxøm-dm- m ]cn-io-en- p-ihe-tø ḿpwxmtgḿpw DØ-c-ß ƒ Fgp-Xp- -Xn\vIgn-bp hn[wsndnb tnmzy-ß ƒ Xøm-dm- p- IA h-bpssdø-c-ß ƒ CutImf-ß -fn Fgp-X-W ws] kn D]-tbm- Kn- p- -XmW v\ -Xv Iq p-ims cc Ø-c-Ø n Hcp]Z-{]iv\w kzbw X øm-dm- mtam? 6 X øm-dm- n-bx v:dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t -cn

55

56 Sot gvkv v sadn v kvtimf jn v 2015 mkv IV icn-bp-ø-c-øn\v t\sc snøpi ae-bmfw ]c-am-h[n kvtim 50 kabw 2 awn- q 1 apø- amhn\v Pohn-I-tfmSv Hcp-]mSv hm -eyhpw kvt\l-hp-ap-s v At±-l-Øns kwkm-c-øn-eqss Xncn- -dn-bmw AXn\v sxfnhv Xmsg ]d-bp- -h-bn GXv hm v? (a) Ipt (b) FSm (c) FtSm 2 Xmsg ]d-bp- -h-bn ]g-s m v GXv? (a) ImbwIpfw hmƒ (c) an p- sx mw s]m (b) A [-cm-{xnbv v IpS ]nsn-bv pi 3 -A -c- m\w Dt m F p t\m m At±lw R߃ v A p hm p-iƒ X p Ah-bn-sem v -si- n Bbn-cp- p Rm\Xv sx n- p A[ym-]-I Fs ASp-sØØn _q vkns A w sim v AS-bmfw ImWn- p Fs sx v Xncp-Øn- p-hm {ian- p CXv BcpsS Bfl-I-Y-bn \ns -Sp-Ø-Xm-Wv? (a) Ph-l em s\lvdp (b) alm-flm-km n (c) C-Fw-F-kv \ºq-Xn-cn- - msv 4 hmmvab Nn{X-߃ F m (a) Ihn-X-sb- p-dn- p Ipdn v (b) hm p-iƒ sim v hc-bv p at\m-l-c-amb Nn{X-߃ (c) Ihn-bpsS a\-knse Nn{X-߃ 5 F p-ap-dnsb ]Wn-Xm ] p-ap-dnsbøn mw Cu snm ns s]mcpƒ (a) \ mbn IjvS-s - m \ mbn Pohn mw (b) IqSp-X tpmen snbvxm IqSp-X kºm-zn mw (c) \ mbn A zm-\n- m \ mbn ` n- mw 6 hs- tic-f-ønse Hcp {][m\ Iem-cq-]-amWv sxøw Xmsg ]d-bp- -h-bn sxø-hpambn _ -an- m-øxv (a) Acn-sb-dn-s -Xn-tc p (b) AWn-b-d-tØm w (c) Xp 7 D-Æn- -Xn-tcms s]m \p-i- m-ts v hnæn hnf- msw tnm n-x-t m ChnsS s]m \p-i- m-ts v F -Xp-sIm v A -am- p- -Xv 1

57 (a) sh n-sh-fn w (b) kz W-sh-fn w (c) a -sh-fn w 8 Im jni Pohn-X-Øn-ep- mb am -߃ \ΩpsS kwkvim-csø _m[n- n- p- v Cu {]kvxmh-\-tbmsv tbmpn- p snm v GXv? (a) aæv sxmsm-ø-h ] n-wn-bmhpw (b) \msp ad- mepw aqsp ad- -cpxv (c) Ccn- p simºv apdn- -cp-xv 9 lrz-b-ønse ]qt m v F IY-bp-ambn tbmpn- mø {]kvxm-h-\ (a) Im n-emwv IY \S- p- Xv (c) IYm-]m-{X-߃ a\p-jy-cm-wv (b) {]Ir-Xn-kvt\lw {]Xn-]m-Zn- p- p 10 Cu hcn-iƒ Bcp-tSXv? At m-tg pw hmcn A -s\s ]p In Np p-i-fm-ses IÆp-\o XpS p (a) A nøw (b) sshtem- n n (c) kpk-x-ip-amcn Cw ojv 1 Arrange these words to make questions watch /to / films / you / like / do (a) Do watch films like to you? (b) Can you watch films? (c) Do you like to watch films? (d) Do you watch films like to? 2 Choose the correct spelt word : (a) mountan (b) langage (c) thousnd (d) daughter 3 Turn the sentence into the past by changing the verb Mr Anil teaches us English (a) Mr Anil is teached us English (b) Mr Anil has taught us English (c) Mr Anil taught us English (d) Mr Anil is teaching us English Use suitable collective nouns 4 The police used teargas to disperse the (a) servants (b) crew (c) crowd (d) thieves 5 Cheerful means the same as (a) good (b) high (c) pleasant (d) sad 6 Join the pair of sentences together I ran fast I missed the train 2

58 (a) I ran fast when I missed the train (b) I ran fast because I missed the train (c) I ran fast or I missed the train (d) I ran fast but I missed the train 7 I met her the way (a) at (b) behind (c) on (d) in 8 Can you answer the riddle? I am made of thin paper I have a string I have a tail I fly high in the sky What am I? (a) aeroplane (b) kite (c) candle (d) bird 9 Fill in the blanks using articles Earth moves round Sun (a) a, a (b) The, a (c) The, The (d) The, an 10 Rewrite the sentence ashok is teasing neena (a) Ashok is teasing neena (b) Ashok is teasing Neena (c) Ashok is teasing neena (d) ashok is teasing neena KWnXw 1 10 skao, 8 skao hi-ß-fp NXp-c-Øns Np -fhv 36 sk- ao BWv a[y-øn IpØp-I-fn `mk-øp-iqsn apdn- p-in- p Hcp NXp-c-Øns Np -fhv F{X? 8 (a) 18 cm (c) 365 cm (b) 72 cm (d) 26 cm 10 2 cmap hosns ssd- n 3 ag-am-]n\n D m- n-h- p Htc BIr-Xn-bn-ep Ch-bn H m-atø-xn\v 20 skao Np -fhpw (hm-h- w) c m-a-tø-xn\v 10 skao Np -fhpw aq m-a-tø-xn\v 80 skao Np -fhpw D v H m-asø ag-am-]n\n ]cn-tim-[n- -t mƒ 4 skao Db-c-Øn sh -ap- v aq m-asø ag-am-]n-\n-bn F{X skao sh -ap- m-bn-cn pw? (a) 12 cm (b) 4 cm (c) 8 cm (d) 2 cm 3 cmpp-hns IS-bn 5 hoxw Bbn-c-Øn-t bpw A q-dn-t bpw \qdn-t bpw Aº-Xn-t bpw t\m p-iƒ D v kpn IS-bn \n v km[-\-߃ hmßn Hcp Bbn-c-Øns t\m v \ In 3

59 km[-\-ß-fpss hne Ign- p cq] cmpp Xncn- p-\ In Ct mƒ IS-bn Bbn-c-Øns 6 Dw A q-dns 5 Dw \qdns 3 Dw Aº-Xns 4 Dw t\m p-iƒ D v F{X cq]-bpss km[- \-amwv kpn hmßn-bxv? (a) 250 cq] (b) 300 cq] (c) 750 cq] (d) 550 cq] 4 APn-bpsS A Znhkhpw ]Wn p t]mbm 400 cq] In pw ]Wn-bp Znhkw snehv 300 cq]bpw C mø Znhkw snehv 200 cq]-bp-am-wv P\p-h-cn-bn 20 ]Wn-bmWv In n-b-xv an tam IΩntbm? F{X? (a) an hpw IΩnbpw C (b) 200 cq] an w (c) 200 cq] IΩn (d) 400 cq] an w 5 1, 8, 16, 25, ASpØ kwjy GXv? (a) 34 (b) 35 (c) 36 (d) 37 6 Xmsg ]d-bp- -h-bn {Kq n s]sm-øxv GXv? (a) apgw (b) tim (c) CS-ßgn (d) Nm Unkw-_ 30 snmδm-gvn-bm-wv 2015 P\p-hcn 1 GXp Znhkw? (a) hymgw (b) _p[ (c) sh n (d) i\n 8 H -bm Bcv? (a) (b) (c) (d) 9 APn-X-bpsS kºm-zy- p-sp s]m n v FÆn t\m n-b-t mƒ 5 cq], 2 cq], 1 cq] F nßs\ \mw-b-߃ I p 65 cq]-bpss 5 cq] \mw-b-ßfpw 45 cq]-bpss Hcp cq] \mw-bßfpw D m-bn-cp- p BsI cq] 150 BsW- n c p cq] \mwbw F{X-bp v? (a) 40 (b) 20 (c) 10 (d) mw mknse 10 Ip n-iƒ tn v t] _mkv \n ΩmWw ]Tn v _mkv \n Ωn v hn m XpS-ßn 6 amksø BsI em`w 4800 cq] e`n- p Cu XpI Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-tSbpw t]cn _m n \nt -]n- m Xocp-am-\n- p Hcmƒ v F{X cq]-bpss \nt -]w D m-ipw (a) 500 (b) 480 (c) 580 (d) tjuv snbvx `mk-øn\v Xpey-amb `n -kwjy GXv? a 1 3 b 1 5 c 1 6 d , 100, 20 XpS p-h-cp kwjy GXv? (a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 40 (d) 4 13 Xmsg ]d-bp- -h-bn H v hyxy-kvx-am-wv GXmWv? (a) (b) (c) (d) 4

60 14 Fd-Wm-Ip-f-Øp-\n v Nne ÿe-ß-fn-te- p Zqc-amWv ] n-i-bn ImWn- n- p- Xv Xncp-h-\- -]pcw timgn-t msv Xriq sim w 200 In-ao 200 In-ao 80 In-ao 130 In-ao Xncp-h-\- -]pcw apx timgn-t msp hsc-bp Zqcw F{X? (a) 0 Inao (b) 400 Inao (c) 200 Inao (d) 280 Inao F{X 10 Iƒ D v? (a) 3846 (b) 384 (c) 4 (d) 46 ]cn-k-c-]-t\w 1 InWdpw I qkv Sm pw XΩn Npcp-ßn-bXv F{X ao AIew thww? (a) 0 apx 5 ao (b) 5 apx 10 ao (c) 10 apx 15 ao 2 H -bms\ Is -Øp (a) ticfw (b) Xan-gv\mSv (c) a y-{]-tziv 3 Pe-ip- o-i-c-w-øn\v \ms coxn-ifpw B[p-\nI am ßfpw D]-tbm-Kn- p- p Xmsg ]dbp- -h-bn Pe ip o-i-c-w-øn-\p-]-tbm-kn- p Hcp cmk-h-kvxp (a) s]m mkyw s] amwk-t\ v (b) tkmunbw t mssduv (c) Im kyw Im _-tw v 4 Iq -Øn s]sm-ø-xv (a) tx Sn (b) aq m (c) sske vhmen 5 Im v hgn hnøv hnx-cww \S-Øp kky-ß-fn s]sm-ø-xv (a) A q- XmSn (b) alm-kwn (c) I 6 A m-cmjv{s Alnw-kmZn\w F v? (a) P\p-hcn 30 (b) HIvtSm-_ 2 (c) \hw-_ 14 7 IS Øo-c-an- mø Hcp C y kwÿm\w (a) a[y-{]-tziv (b) KpP-dmØv (c) Hdok 8 Akw Ak-ao-kv, Hdo Hdn-b, Xan-gv\mSv Xan-gv, \mkm-em v (a) lnμn (b) Xangv (c) Cw ojv 5

61 9 hcni hcni kl-p-tc si tif- s t\xr-xz-øn timgn-t m- p-\n pw ]ø- q-cnte v ]pd-s D p-k-xym-{k-l-pm-y-bn D p-ti ]m m-bn-cp p CXv Cu Km\w cnn- Xv Bcv? (a) h -tømƒ (b) Awin \mcm-b-w-]n (c) aplωzv CIv_m 10 lnam-e-b-øn \n pw D -hn- p \Zn-I-fn th\ m-eøpw [mcmfw sh -sam-gp-ip- -Xn\v ImcWw (a) ]cn-ÿnxn {]iv\-߃ (b) Hmtkm ]mfnbnse hn (c) a p-cp-ip- Xv 11 `qim-wvu-ß-fn s]sm-øxv (a) tn\ (b) tnºv (c) ss]\m- nƒ 12 Unkw-_ apx am v hsc-bp Ime-b-f-hn BIm-iØp ImWm-hp \ -{X-k-aqlw (a) Hmdn-tbm (b) entbm (c) Imkn-tbm- nb 13 Blm-c-_- -߃ Iq n-t Øv Hcp Nße D m- p-i ]p v ]p msn Xhf (a) timgn (b) Xmdmhv (c) ]mºv 14 Xmsg- -d-bp- -h-bn Hcp h j-øn-\p- n Po Æn- m-øxv (a) t] _mkv (b) ]cpøn k n (c) XpI jq 15 ae-_m Iem-]-Øn-s\-Xnsc {_n o-jp-im ImWn \njvtq-c-x-bpss \Sp- p DZm-l-c-WamWv (a) Pmen-b hmem-_mkv (b) D p-k-xym-{klw (c) hmk {SmPUn kmaq-lym-h-t_m[w 1 \ΩpsS ] m-bøv `c-w-k-an-xn-bpss Imem-h[n F{X-bmWv? (a) 10 h jw (b) 4 h jw (c) 5 h jw 2 \mw ] -W-Ønse knkv\ sse v D Ih-e-bn-eqsS hml-\-øn t]mip-i-bm-sw v Icp- Xp-I Nph v knkv\ sse v I m F p snø-ww? a hml\w thkx Ipdbv- Ww b hml\w \n ØWw c hml\w thkøn IS- p-t]m-iww 6

62 3 Pohn- n-cn- p-tºmƒ Zm\w snøm Ign-bmØ ico-c-`mkw Xmsg ]d-bp- -h-bn GXmWv? (a) IÆv (b) hr (c) Icƒ 4 \ΩpsS kwÿm-\-amb tic-f-øns `q{]-ir-xn-bp-ambn _ -s icn-bmb {]kvxm-h\ GXv? (a) ticfw ]Sn- m-tdm v Ncn- p-in-s- p p (b) ticfw ka-xe {]tz-i-amwv (c) tic-f-øns Ncnhv hs-t m- mwv 5 \mb-isf s]meokv tk\-bn Dƒs -Sp-Øp- Xv Ah-bpsS GXv Ignhv D]-tbm-K-s -Sp-Øm- \mwv? (a) D -Øn Ipc v `b-s -Sp-Øm Ignbpw (b) thk-øn Ip -hm-fn-iƒ v ta NmSn-ho-gm Ignbpw (c) K w Xncn- -dn v Ip -hm-fn-isf Is -Øm Ignbpw 6 Xmsg ]d-bp- -h-bn {Kq n s]sm-øxv? (a) πmhv (b) amhv (c) hmg 7 tic-f-øns Xoc-{]-tZ-i-Øp P\-ß-fpsS {][m\ D]-Po-h\w? (a) Irjn (b) aw hm-c (c) ao ]n-spøw 8 Xmsg ]d-bp- -h-bn H -bm Bcv? (a) B\ (b) ]q (c) ISph 9 Ct mƒ \S- p tziob skbnw-kns `mky-nnlv\amb AΩp GXp Pohn-bmWv? (a) sim v (b) abn (c) thgm-º 10 C y-bpss hnzym-`ymk hip v a{ n BcmWv? (a) kvarxn Cdm\n (b) ]n-si A_vZp-d v (c) Acp Pbv ven 7

63 Sot gvkv _v sadn v kvtimf jn v 2015 DØ-c-kq-NnI LP A ae-bmfw 1 a 2 c 3 b 4 b 5 c 6 c 7 b 8 a 9 c 10 a B Cw ojv 1 c 2 d 3 c 4 c 5 c 6 d 7 c 8 b 9 c 10 b C ]cn-k-c-]-t\w 1 c 2 c 3 a 4 c 5 c 6 b 7 a 8 c 9 b 10 c 11 c 12 a 13 c 14 c 15 c D KWnXw 1 d 2 b 3 c 4 c 5 b 6 c 7 a 8 b 9 b 10 b 11 c 12 d 13 d 8 14 b 15 b F kmaq-lym-h-t_m[w 1 c 2 b 3 a 4 a 5 c 6 c 7 c 8 a 9 c 10 a

64 Sot gvkv vtime-t cn t^m : F -F-kv-F-kv-]-co amxritnmzy-t]- t]cv : kviqƒ : RegNo : F mtnmzy-ß ƒ pwdø-c-sa-gp-tx- -Xm-Wv {]h Ø\w 1 kvtim 12 Irjn-bn Xs c p-xcw Irjn-bp- vh vipspw-_-ir-jnas m vtxḿ-ir-jnc Xn txḿ-irjn vipd-hn- ]s IpSpw-_-IrjnXI -bn-em-w vhnj-a-sn- m-ø,hmsmø ] - -dnbpw Ing-ß p- Ifpw N ocbpw Hs h -t m-gp-sa- n-epw Ign- -t Iq p-im-sc tic-f-ø nseimem-hÿ Irjn vxni pw] n-b-xm-w vh jsø 27R m p-th-e-i-fmbnxncn- -Xn Hmtcm- nepw snøm-hp Irjn-I-sf- n\ḿ-dnhv\ap- p- m-bn-cp- pc Xn-s -b-sn-ÿ m-\-ø n Xmsg X n-cn- p ] n-i-bn Hmtcmhnf-Ifpw G sxms amk-ß -fn Irjn-sNømw F vkqnn- n- p p ] n-i{i -tbmss hmbn- p-i {Ia \º hnf-iƒ kok s\ v G{]n - -sabv (hn-cn- v) sk]vxw-_ - -H-IvtSm-_ Unkw-_ P\p-hcn (ap- -I ) (]p- ) 2 Noc F m-im-eø pw F m-im-eø pw F m-im-eø pw 3 sh s^{_p-h-cn- -am v Pq - -Pqsse HIvtSm-_ - -\-hw-_ 4 ]mh (ssi- ) P\p-h-cn- -s^-{_p-hcn sabv- -Pq sk]vxw-_ - -H-IvtSm-_ 5 ]S-hew P\p-h-cn- -s^-{_p-hcn sk]vxw-_ - -H-IvtSm-_ 6 sh cn P\p-h-cn- -s^-{_p-hcn sk]vxw-_ - -H-IvtSm-_ 7 XÆn-a-Ø Unkw-_- - -P-\p-hcn 8 Npcbv P\p-h-cn- -s^-{_p-hcn sk]vxw-_ - -H-IvtSm-_ 9 aø P\p-h-cn- -s^-{_p-hcn sk]vxw-_ - -H-IvtSm-_ 10 Ipºfw P\p-h-cn- -s^-{_p-hcn sk]vxw-_ - -H-IvtSm-_ 1 hgp-x\ sabv- -Pq sk]vxw-_ - -H-IvtSm-_ 12 ] -ap-fiv sabv- -Pq sk]vxw-_ - -H-IvtSm-_ 13 X mfn HIvtSm-_ - -\-hw-_ 14 Imt_Pv HmK-Ãv- -\-hw-_ 15 timfn-^vf-h HmK-Ãv- -\-hw-_ 16 Imc v HmK-Ãv- -\-hw-_ 17 _o vdq v HmK-Ãv- -\-hw-_ 18 dmunjv(ap- - n) HmK-Ãv- -\-hw-_ 19 tnmfw Pq - -Pqsse P\p-h-cn- -s^-{_p-hcn 20 ]b sabv Pq sk]vxw-_ - -H-IvtSm-_ 21 tn\ s^{_p-h-cn- -am v 22 tnºv sabv- -Pq 23 Im n am v- -G-{]n 24 C n G{]n - -sabv 25 a ƒ G{]n - -sabv 26 a[p-c- n-gß v Pq - -Pqsse HIvtSm-_ - -\-hw-_ 27 ac- o\n(i- ) G{]n - -sabv k]vxw-_ - -H-IvtSm-_ 28 \ne- -Se sabv- -Pq P\p-h-cn- -s^-{_p-hcn dntkmgvkvsowsot gvkv vtime-t cn kabw:2awn- q BsIkvtIm :50 Xøm-dm- n-bxv:dntkmgvkvsow,sot gvkv vtime-t cn