DÄ m-gvn-tbmss am\-kn-i-tijn ]cn-tim-[\

Transcription

1 Hä-bms\ Is mw... _p²n-am- màt]mepw ASn-sXän hogm-hp hnj-b- -fnâ H mwv odd man. A\p-`-h-k-¼- -\mwv tnmzy-ià m-sh- nâ hfsc efn-x-amb tnmzy- -fnâ t]mepw hmcn- p-gn-sbm-cp- pw. GXm\pw Nne DZm-l-c-W- Ä ]cn-tim-[n mw. Hä-bms\ Is - pi. 1. (A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D 2. (A) ImÀ (B) kviq«à (C) temdn (D) Xoh n 3. (A) _olmà (B) D À{]-tZiv (C) alm-cmjv{s (D) cmp-øm³ 4. (A) tìunbw (B) dn v (C) timà«v (D) tìpv 5. (A) {]Im-i-hÀjw (B) aoäà (C) ]màsk v (D) slivsà D -c- Ä: 1. tnmzyw F{X efn-xw. X n-cn- p Xv Cw ojv BÂ^-s_-än BZys \mev A -c- Ä. CXnsâ cq]tam `mhtam H p-aã D -c- n-te v \bn- p-i. CXn aqs w Hcp KW- nâs Sp- p. H v am{xw AXnÂs -Sn-Ã. D cw 1. (A) A. ImcWw aäp-åh Consonants BWv. A am{xw vowel. DÄ m-gvn-tbmss am\-kn-i-tijn ]cn-tim-[\ Cw ojv BÂ^-s_-äp-I-fnse A, E, I, O, U F vowels s\ {]tbm-p-\-s -Sp- n-bpå tnmzy- Ä Hä-bm-\n am{x-a-ã, t{iwn, timun-mv-þuntimunmv F n-h-bnepw {]Xo- n- mw. 2. Cu Hcp tnmzyw km[m-cw mêp-i-fnâ Ah-X-cn- n- p-t¼mä 90% DtZym-KmÀ n-ifpw s]s«v {]Xn- I-cn- m-dp- v. AhÀ GI-kz-c- nâ hnfn p ]dbpw Xoh- n (sx-äv). Hä-bmsâ D cw ]e-t mgpw tnmzy-ià m-hnsâ bpàn A\p-k-cn v cq]-s -Sp- n-b-xm-bn-cn- pw. \n -fpss bpànbpw tnmzy-ià m-hnsâ bpànbpw s]mcp- -s -Sm-sX-h-cp-t¼m-gmWv D cw ]mfp-i. AXn-\pÅ ]cn-lmcw tnmzy-ià m-hnsâ bpànbpw Nn- m-co-xn-ifpw \nco- -W- n-eq-ssbpw ap³hàjtnmzy-t]- -dp-iä ]cn-tim-[n v DÄs m-åpi F -Xm-Wv. Xoh n F v D-tZym-KmÀ n-iä D cw \ÂIm³ ImcWw hfsc hyàw AhÀ t\m p-t¼mä AXv am{xw ]mf- n-eqss Hm-Sp- p. aäp-åh tdmun-eqss k -cn- p- p. ChnsS DtZym-KmÀ n-i-fpss bpàn icn-bm-wv. ]s, B bpàn tnmzy n\på D -c-am-ip- n-ã. \n Ä v X n-cn- p- Xv FÃmw hml-\- -fm-wv. Cu hml-\- -fpss D]-tbmKw H v ]cn- -tim-[n- p-i. ImÀ, kviq«à, Xoh n F nh bm{x sn m³ D]-tbm-Kn- p-t¼mä temdn km[-\- Ä sim p-t]m- Im\mWv D-]-tbm-Kn- p-i. D cw 2. (C) temdn. ImcWw,CsXm-gnsI aäp-åh-sbãmw ]mk À shln- näkm-wv. -HmÀ½n- p-i, km[-\- Ä sim pt]m-im³ Xoh- nbpw D]-tbm-Kn- m-dp- v. ]s, Ahsb s{sbn³ F à hnfn- pi, KpUvkv s{sbn³ F m-wv. Xoh n F v ]d-bp-t¼mä AÀ -am- p- Xv bm{x sn m-\på hml\w Xs - bm-wv. 3. X n-cn- p- hsbãmw C y³ kwøm\ fm-wv. Nne tnmzy- -fpss ASn-Øm\w s]mxp-hn-úm-\-am-bn-cn- pw. cmpy- -sfbpw kwøm-\- -sfbpw ]cn-k-wn- p-t¼mä H n-tesd km[y-x-iä v hsc Hcp KW- nâs -Sp- p-t¼mä Häbm³ D -c-ambn Hä-s -Sp- p. {]kàn-bp- v. DZm-l-c-W- n\v Z n-tw- y³ kwøm-\- -fpss A]-cn-Nn-X-\à D cw Häbm³ (odd man)f tnmzy- nsâ asämcp t]cmwv Xcw-Xn-cn-  (classification). Cu hnti-jww {]txyiw {i²-bm-iàjn- p- p. C cw tnmzy- sf t\cn-sp-t¼mä DtZym-KmÀ n-iä {ian-t - Xv Hm]vj³knse A]-cn-Nn- Xs\ ImWm-\-Ã. adn v kmay-ap-å-hsc Xncn- -dn-bpibmwv th -Xv. X n-cn- p 4 t]cpå {Kq nâ aq v t]à X½n GsX- nepw hn[- nâ _Ôw D m-bn-cn- pw. Cu _Ôw ] p-hbv msx Ah-cpsS Iq«- nâs Sm- h-\mwv Hä-bm³. ]c-kv]-c-_-ô-apå

2 Iq«- nâ Hcp- -tc- y³ kwøm\w h mâ AXm-bn-cn mw D cw. {ZmhnU`mj-IÄ kwkm-cn- p Hcp {Kq v kwøm-\- Ä n- S-bn B `mj D]-tbm-Kn- m kwøm\w h mâ AXmImw D -cw. X n-cn- p {Kq nâ Hs m-gnsi aäp-å-hsb `cn- p- Xv Hcp cmjv{sob ]mà«n-bm-sw- nâ AXm-bn-cn mw D -cw. ]s, ChnsS AsXm- p-aã ]cn-k-w\m hnj-bw. CXnse Hcp kwøm-\- n\v am{xta kap-{z-xo-c-apåq, aäp-åh em³uv tem vuv kwøm-\- -fm-wv. D cw 3. (C) alm-cmjv{s. Imc-Ww, CsXm-gnsI aäp-åhsbãmw Ic-bm Npä-s «p InS- p- p. 4. D cw (D) tìpv. aäp-åh ImbnI aõ-c-th-zn-i-fm-wv. s]àt^ma³kn-\på thzn-bmwv tìpv. dn v þ sfkv tlm n Ifn- m-\på thzn (dnmv þ t_mivknmv thzn) timà«ns\ timsxn-bmbn sxän-²-cn v AXv D -c-ambn amà v sn p DtZym-KmÀ n-ifpw ImWpw. Ft mgpw X n-cn- p aäp-hm- p-i-fp-ambn _Ô-s -Sp n th- Ww Hmtcm hm n-sâbpw AÀ - Xew a\-ên-em- m³. At mä timà«v, timsxn F -Xn\p ]Icw ss okv/_muvanâ timà«piä a\-ênâ sxfn-bpw. 5. D cw (D) slivsà. aäp-åh Zqcw Af- m-\på GI-I- -fmwv. {]Imiw Hcp hàjw k -cn- p Zqc-amWv {]Im-i-hÀjw {]Im-i-hÀj- Ä tnà Zqc-amWv Hcp ]màsk- v. hmcn- p-gn-i-sfm-cp n tnmzy-ià mhv Hcp tnmzy-ià mhnsâ a\ximkv{xw AbmÄ t_m[-]qàæw Hcp- p hmcn- p-gn-isf AXn-Pohn- m³ DtZym-KmÀ n-isf {]m]vx-cm- pw. Ht mà p-i DtZym-KmÀ n-iä, Xm³ D m- nb tnmzy- Ä sxän pt¼mgmwv tnmzy-ià m-hn\v kwxr]vxn D m-hp-i. AXp-sIm- p-xs AXnhnZ-Kv[-ambn tnmzy- -fnâ siwn-iä Hcp- p- -Xm- Wv. AXv aw- -dnªv Ipcp- p- I-f-gn- v, NXn Xncn- -dnªv icnbp- -c- n-te v apt -d-ww. HmÀ½n- p-i, siwn-bnâ howv tnmzy-ià m-hn\v s]m«n- n-cn- m- \på Ah-kcw am\-kn-i-tijn ]cntim[-\-bnâ Hcn- epw \ÂIcp-Xv

3 {ZpX-K-Xn-bn s]mxp-hn-úm\w temi- nse Gähpw sszàlyw IqSnb tzio-b-km\w {Kokn-tâ-XmWv. F mâ Be-]n- m³ Gähpw IqSp-X kabw Bh-iy-ap-ÅXv GXp cmpy- nsâ tziob-km-\- n-\mwv? DdptKz lnam-e-b-km-{am--py- nâ F Xv Fkv.- si.-s]m-ä- m-snsâ bm{xm-hn-h-c-w{kùw. ssla-h-x-`q-hnâ F Xv BcpsS bm{xmhn-h-c-w-{k-ù-amwv? Fw.-]n.-ho-tc-{µ-Ip-amÀ Nn -c-rvp³zm-knsâ cn-\-bmwv kmkà kwk oxv. F mâ kmk-c-kw-k oxw cnn Xmcv? Pn.-i- -c- p-dp v temi A[ym-]-I-Zn\w HIvtSm-_À 5 BWv F nâ tziob A[ym-]-I-Zn-\-sa v? sk]vxw-_à 5 "Hcp PmXn, Hcp axw, Hcp sszhw a\p-jy\v' F p ]d-ªxv {io\m-cm-b-w-kp-cp-hm-wv. F mâ "PmXn th, axw th, sszhw th a\p-jy\v' F p ]d-ª-xmcv? ktlm-z-c³ A - ³ dnkàæv _m v Hm^v C y-bpss BZy KhÀWÀ Hmkvt_m F.-kv-an- mwv. F nâ dnkàæv _m v Hm^v C ybpss BZy C ym m-c-\mb KhÀWÀ Bcv? kn.-un.-tz-ivapjv P\-kwJy IqSnb C y³ kwøm\w D À{]-tZ-imWv. F mâ P\-kwJy IqSnb C y³ \K-c-taXv? apwss_ DZ-b-kq-cysâ \msmwv P m³. F mâ ]mxncm-kq-cysâ \msv F -dn-b-s -Sp- Xv t\màsh C y-bnse BZy BIvSnMv {]kn-uâ v hn.-hn.-kncn Bbn-cp- p. F mâ C y bnse BZy BIv-SnMv {][m-\-a{ n Bcmbn-cp p? KpÂkmcnem \µ BZy-ambn `cxv AhmÀUv t\snb ae-bmfn-bmwv ]n.-sp.-bâ-wn. F mâ Gähpw IqSp-X XhW `cxv AhmÀUn-\Àl-\mbae-bmfn Bcv? a½q«n (3 Xh-W) Z n-wm-{^n- ³ KmÔn F mwv s\âk at e Adn-b-s -Sp- Xv. F mâ si v Iu Adn-b-s -Sp- Xv GXp t]cn-emwv? B-{^n- ³ KmÔn kp{]ow timsxn PUvPn-bmb BZy h-\nx ^m n-am-_o-hn-bm-wv. F nâ A m- Nm n Bcm-bn-cp p? sslt m-sxn PUvPn-bmb BZy h\nx hneyw tpm -kmwv Gjym-änIv skmsskän Hm^v _wkm-fnsâ Øm]-I³. F nâ tdmbâ Gjym-änIv skmsskän Hm^v _wkmä Øm]n- -Xmcv? hmd³ tlìnmvkv "BÝ-cy-Nq-Vm-aWn'bpsS IÀ mhv iàn-`-{z³ BWv F nâ "hnth-i-nq--vmawn'bpss IÀ m-hmcv? i -cm-nm-cyà {]mtz-ini ]{X-`m-jm-\n-baw d±m- n-bxv dn {]`p-hm-sw- nâ Cu \nbaw \S- n-em- n-b-xmcv? en«{]`p SmtKmÀ, KmÔn-Pnsb A`n-kw-t_m-[\ snbvxxv "almßm' F m-wv. F mâ Km-ÔnPn, SmtKm-dns\ A-`n-kw--t_m-[\ snbvxxv F s\? Kpcp-tZhv ktcm-pn\n \mbn-up-hns\ "C y-bpss hm\-¼msn' F mwv SmtKmÀ hn-ti-jn- n- -Xv. F nâ Km-ÔnPn Chsc hnti-jn- n- Xv F ns\-bm-bn-cp p? `mc-x-tim-inew - 3 -

4 KmÔnPn BZy-ambn ]s -Sp- -Xv 1901þ simâ - -bnâ h p-\-s tim -{Kkv kt½-f-\- n-emwv. F mâ KmÔnPn A[y- X hln Htc-sbmcp tim {Kkv kt½-f\w? 1924þse _ÂKmw kt½-f\w kzman Zbm-\µ kc-kzxn "thz- -fn-te v as- pi' F v Blzm\w snbvxp-sh- nâ kzman hnth-im-\-µ³ Blzm\w sn-bvxsx v? KoX-bn-te v as- pi kn.-cm-p-tkm-]m-em-nmcn Øm]n ]{XamWv "thmbvkv Hm^v t\j³' F nâ "thmbvkv Hm^v C y'bpss Øm]-I-\mcv? ZmZm-`mbv \h-tdmpn "C³Iznem_v knµm-_mzv' F ap{zm-hm- Iy- nsâ D]-Úm-Xmhv apl-½zv CIv_mem-Wv. F mâ Cu ap{zm-hmiyw BZy-apbÀ n-bxv? `-K-ÕnMv "Ck- Ä - pdw' F {KÙ- nsâ cnbn-xmhv Kp]vX³\mb-cmWv F mâ "Ck- Ä n- pd' nsâ cn-bn-xm-hmcv? ]n.-tkm-hn-µ-]nå h³hr- - sf apc-sn- n p hfà- p coxn-bmwv t_m kmbn F mâ kky- sf {]txyi BIr-Xn-bn-em n hfà p coxn-bmwv tsm n-bdn Xncp-þ-sIm n kwøm-\s BZy apjy-a- { n-bmwv Sn.-sI.-\m-cm-b-W-]n-Å. F mâ Chn-Ss Ah-km\ apjy-a{ n Bcm-bncp p? ]\-¼nÅn tkmhn-µ-ta-t\m³ s]mxp-hn-úm-\- nse Cc-«-IÄ C y-bnse BZy I¼yq-«Àh-XvIr-X-]- m-b v þ shå-\msv C y-bnse BZys I¼yq-«À km -cxm Pnà þ ae- pdw \mj-wâ Ubdn dnkà v C³Ìn-äyq«v þ IÀWm (l-cn-bm-\) \mj-wâ Ubdn suhe-]vsaâ v t_màunsâ BØm\w þ B\µv (Kp-P-dm v) e -Zzo]v kaq-l- -fnâ \n v an\n-t mbn Zzo]ns\ thàxn-cn- p- Xv þ 9 Un{Kn Nm\ B³U-am-\n-s\bpw \nt m-_m-dn-s\bpw thàxn-cn- p- Xv þ 10 Un{Kn Nm\ HmSnse LS-I-aq-e-I- Ä þ tim À, Sn³ ]n -f-bnse LS-I-aq-e-I- Ä þ tim À, kn v kmàhni kzoià- mhv F -dn-b-s -Sp cà-{kq v þ AB {Kq v kmàhni ZmXmhv F -dn-b-s -Sp cà-{kq v þ O {Kq v ]g- -fn-epå ] -kmc LSIw þ {^IvtSmkv Icn-¼n-epÅ ] -kmc þ kpt{imkv Ae- p-im-c- nsâ cmk-\maw þ tkmunbw ImÀ_-tWäv A - m-c- nsâ cmk-\maw þ tkmunbw ss_ ImÀ_-tWäv C y-bpss ]qt m«w F v hnti-jn- n- -s -Sp kwøm\w þ P½p-Im-ivaoÀ C y-bpss ]qt m«\kcw F v hnt-i-jn- n- -s -Sp- Xv þ _wk-fqcp ]q -fpss Xmgvhc F -dn-b-s -Sp kwøm\w þ D -cm-  sim n I  \nà½m-w-im-e-bpss \nà½m-w-hp-ambn kl-i-cn cmpyw þ P m³ sim n F -ip-²o-i-c-w-im-e-bpss \nà½m-w-hp-ambn kl-i-cn cmpyw þ bp.-f-kv.-f. Gähpw IqSp-X {Kma ]- m-b- p-iä DÅ Pnà þ ae- pdw Gähpw IqSp-X t»m v ] m-b- p-i-fpå Pnà þ XrÈqÀ Gähpw IqSp-X Xmeq- p-i-fpå Pnà þ Fd-Wm-Ipfw - 4 -

5 tic-f- nâ Gähpw IqSp-XÂ Imew apjy-a-{ n-bmbncp Xv þ C.-sI.-\m-b-\mÀ tic-f- nâ Gähpw IqSp-XÂ XhW apjy-a{ nbmbn-cp- Xv þ si.-i-cp-wm-i-c³ tic-f- nse Gähpw hs-t -b-äs Xmeq v þ ImkÀtImSv tic-f- nse hs-t -b-äs \nb-a-k-`m-a-þew þ at -izcw C y-bp-ambn Gähpw IqSp-XÂ AXnÀ n ] n-sp cmpyw þ _w- m-tziv C y-bp-ambn Gähpw Ipdhv AXnÀ n-bpå cmpyw þ A^vKm-\n-Øm³ c v kwøm-\- Ä v s]mxp-hmbn Hcp Xe-Øm-\-ambn hà n- p GI Xe-Øm\w þ NÞo-KUv (l-cn-bm-\-bp-ssbpw ] m-_n-sâbpw Xe-Øm-\w) c v Xe-Øm-\- -fpå GI kwøm\w þ P½p ImivaoÀ (iox-ime Xe-Øm\w þ P½p, th\âime Xe-Øm\w þ {io\-kà) enänâ Sn_äv F -dn-b-s -Sp- Xv þ eum v Z nw Sn_äv F -dn-b-s -Sp C y³ kwøm\w þ Acp-Wm-NÂ {]tziv \oäp-i- -bpss cmk-\maw þ ImÂkyw HmIvsskUv Ip½mbw AYhm Np m-¼nsâ cmk-\maw þ ImÂkyw sslt{um-ivsskuv kabw IW- m- p- -Xn\v B[m-c-am-bpÅ tcj-iä þ tcjmw-i-tc-j-iä c v Øe- Ä X½n-epÅ Zqcw {]Xn-]m-Zn- p- -Xn\v B[m-c-am-bpÅ tcj-iäþa mw-i-tc-j-iä C y-bpss timln-\qà F -dn-b-s -Sp kwøm\w þ B{Ôm-{]-tZiv C y-bpss cxv\w F -dn-b-s -Sp kwøm\w þ awn- qà Zo\-_Ôp F A]-c-\m-a- nâ Adn-b-s -Sp- Xv -þ kn.-f-^v.-b³{uqkv tzi-_ôp F A]-c-\m-a- nâ Adn-b-s -Sp- Xv þ kn.-bà.-zmkv Ggp ae-i-fpss \msv F -dn-b-s -Sp- Xv þ tpmà±m³ Ggp ae-i-fpss \Kcw F -dn-b-s -Sp- Xv þ tdmw hst Ata-cn- -bnse ]pâta-sp-i-fmwv þ {]b-dokv sxt Ata-cn bnse ]pâta-sp-i-fmwv þ ]m¼mkv t_mws_ tìm v FIvkvtN- nse {]apj Hmlcn kqnni þ _n.-f-kv.-kn. sk³skivkv \mj-wâ tìm v FIvkvtN- nse {]apj Hmlcn kqnni þ \n^vän s]mxp-hn-úm-\- nse sshäâ Umä tziob hcp-am-\- nsâ (GDP) hfà m-\n-c v þ % 2007 þ % 2008 þ % 2009 þ % temi v Gähpw thk- nâ hf-cp- Xv ssn\-bpss km¼- n-i-ta-j-e-bm-sw- nâ, Cu Imcy- nâ c mw Øm\w C y-bv m-wv. C y-bpss ]mâ DÂ]m-Z\w 2007 þ anãy S 2008 þ anãy S 2009 þ anãy S temi v Gähpw IqSp-XÂ ]mâ DÂ]m-Zn- n- p cmpy-amwv Ct mä -C- y. C y-bpss `t ym-xv]m-z\w 2006 þ anãy S 2007 þ anãy S 2008 þ anãy S C y-bpss P\-kwJy anãy S temi-hn-kvxr-xn-bpss 2.4% am{x-apå C y-bnâ temi-p-\-kw-jy-bpss 16.7% Bfp-IÄ A[n-hkn- p- p

6 Rapidly Build Up Your General English UNIT-1 Prepositions Usage Example on days of the week on Monday in months / seasons in August / in winter time of day in the morning year in 2010 after a certain period of time (when?) in an hour at for night at night for weekend at the weekend a certain point of time (when?) at half past nine since from a certain point of time (past till now) since 1980 for over a certain period of time (past till now) for 2 years ago a certain time in the past 2 years ago before earlier than a certain point of time before 2004 to telling the time ten to six (5:50) past telling the time ten past six (6:10) to / till / until marking the beginning and end of a period of time from Monday to/till Friday till / until in the sense of how long something is going to last He is on holiday until Friday. by in the sense of at the latest I will be back by 6 o clock. up to a certain time By 11 o clock, I had read five pages. Prepositions Place (Position and Direction) Usage Example in room, building, street, town, country in the kitchen, in London book, paper etc. in the book car, taxi in the car, in a taxi picture, world in the picture, in the world at meaning next to, by an object at the door, at the station for table at the table for events place where you are to do something typical (watch a film, study, work) at a concert, at the party at the cinema, at school, at work on attached the picture on the wall - 6 -

7 for a place with a river London lies on the Thames. being on a surface on the table for a certain side (left, right) on the left for a floor in a house on the first floor for public transport on the bus, on a plane for television, radio on TV, on the radio by, next to, beside left or right of somebody or something Jose is standing by / next to / beside the car. under on the ground, lower than (or covered by) something else The bag is under the table below lower than something else but above ground The fish are below the sur face over covered by something else Put a jacket over your shirt meaning more than over 16 years of age getting to the other side (also across) walk over the bridge overcoming an obstacle climb over the wall above higher than something else, but not directly over it a path above the lake across getting to the other side (also over) walk across the bridge getting to the other side swim across the lake through something with limits on top, bottom and the sides drive through the tunnel to movement to person or building go to the cinema movement to a place or country go to Delhi / Pune for bed go to bed into enter a room / a building go into the kitchen / the house towards movement in the direction of something go five steps towards the (but not directly to it) house onto movement to the top of something jump onto the table from in the sense of where from a flower from the garden Other important Prepositions Usage Example from who gave it a present from Jane of who/what does it belong to a page of the book what does it show the picture of a palace by who made it a book by Mark Twain on walking or riding on horseback on foot, on horseback entering a public transport vehicle get on the bus in entering a car / taxi get in the car off leaving a public transport vehicle get off the train - 7 -

8 out of leaving a car / taxi get out of the taxi by rise or fall of something prices have risen by 10 percent travelling (other than walking or horseriding) by car, by bus at for age She learned Russian at 45 about for topics, meaning what about We were talking about you UNIT-II accommodate cemetery dessert dictionary foreign Words with right spelling commonly asked for exam forty restaurant separate truly argument beginning committee definite exaggerate existence fulfillment grammar lightning maintenance muscles ninty parallel referred repetition vacuum UNIT-III an army of soldiers a band of musicians / of robbers a board of directors a caravan of gypsies a choir of singers a class of pupils / of students a company of actors a crew of sailors a crowd of spectators / people a dynasty of kings a galaxy of film stars a gang of crooks / labourers a gang of prisoners / robbers an album of photographs / stamps an anthology of poems a bale of cotton a basket of fruit a block of flats a book of exercises a bouquet of flowers a bowl of rice a bunch of bananas / flowers a bunch of grapes / keys a bundle of clothes /sticks/ hay a chain of mountains a chest of drawers Collective nouns a cloud of dust a clump of trees a collection of coins / stamps a constellation of stars a cluster of diamonds / stars a fall of rain / snow a fleet of ships / aeroplanes a flight of steps a grove of trees an army of ants a brood/flock of chickens a cloud of flies / insects a flight of birds / doves a flock of birds / geese/ sheep a shoal of fish a herd of buffaloes / cattle a herd of deer / elephants a herd of goats / swine a hive of bees a host of sparrows a kindle of kittens a litter of cubs/ piglets a pack of wolves a pride of lions a team of horses/oxen a zoo of wild animals

9 ae-bmf`mjsb ASp- -dn-bpi Gähpw sndnb `mj-w-l-siw hà w Ht m AXn-e-[n-Itam hà - Ä tnà, kzx--{ -ambn D m-c-w-apå `mj-w-l-siw A cw Fs - nepw HcÀ s hnn- p A -c-tam, A- -c-k-aq-ltam BWv i_vzw hà- - -sfbpw A -c- -sfbpw Fgp-Xn- m-wn- m-\på km-t -Xn-I-tc-J-I-fmWv en]n-iä hmiyw \nà½n- m³ kö-amb i_vzw ]Zw kzx-{ -ambn D- -cn- m³ Ign-bp A c- Ä kzc- Ä kzc-k-lm-b-t m-sp-iqsn D -cn- p A c- Ä hyrvp-\- Ä kzck-lmbw IqSmsX D -cn- m-hp A -c- Ä NnÃp-IÄ GsX- nepw {Zhy- n-sâbpw (h-kvxp), {]hr- n-bp-sstbm, KpW- n-sâtbm t]cmb i_vzw \maw \ma- n\v hmiy- nse aäp ]ZmÀ - - tfm-spå _Ôw ImWn- p {]Xy-bs bpw {]Xybw tnà cq]-s bpw ]dbp- Xv hn`àn hkvxp Ht m, AXn-e-[n-Itam F p ImWn- p- Xv hn\w GsX- nepw Hcp {]hr- nsb Ipdn- p ]Zw {Inb (Ir-Xn) ae-bmfw {Zmhn-U-tKm-{X- nâ DÄs - Sp `mj-bm-wv. ae-bm-f-`mj cq]wsim Xv F«mw \qäm- n-em-wv. C y³ `c-w-l-s-\--bnâ ae-bmf`mjbpss Øm\w F-«m-a-Xm-Wv. ae-bm-f-`m-jbv v BZy-ambn hymi-c-wap- m-bxv ]Xn- memw \qäm- n-em-wv. ae-bm-f- nâ hà -en]n kt -X-aÃ; A -c-en-]n-bmwv kzoi-cn- n-cn- p- -Xv. ae-bm-f-en]n k{¼-zm-bs Bcy-en]n AYhm {KÙ-en]n F p ]d-bp- p. A -c- -fpss [z\n-t`-z-a-\p-k-cn- på ]«ni Jcw AXn-Jcw arzp tlmjw A\p-\m-knIw I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a hà m- -c- Ä þ I, N, S, X, ] a[y-a- Ä þ b, c, e, h Dujvam- Ä þ i, j, k {Zmhn-U-a-[yaw þ f, g, d tlmjn þ l A -c- -fpss Øm\t`-Z-a-\p-k-cn- på hn`-p\w B, B þ IhÀ w þ IWvTyw C, Cu þ NhÀ w þ Xmehyw D, Du þ ShÀ w, c, j, f, g þ aqà²\yw e, k þ XhÀ w þ Z yw G, sf þ IWvTy-Xm-ehyw Hm, Hu h þ IWvTy-HmjvTyw þ Z y-hmjvtyw - 9 -

10 kôn hymi-cww hà - Ä X½n tncpt¼mä Ah-bv p- m- Ip amä- n-\mwv kôn F p ]d-bp- -Xv. kôn-iä \mev hn[w: 1. tem]kôn þ c p hà - Ä X½n tncp-t¼mä Hcp hà w tem]n pt]mip- -Xm-Wn-Xv. DZm: HscmäþHcp+Hä (C-hnsS DImcw tem]n- p) t]mbnãþt]mbn+cã (C-Imcw tem]n- p) 2. BK-a-kÔn þ hà - Ä X½n tncpt¼mä aq m-a-sxmcp hà w h ptn-cp- Xv BK-a-k-Ôn. DZm: Xncp-thmWwþXncp+HmWw("hv' BK-an- p- p) AWn-b-d-þ-AWn+Ad("bv' BK-an p) 3. BtZ-i-k-Ôn- þ -kôn sn p-t¼mä Hcp hà w t]mbn asämcp hà w h p-tncp- Xv BtZ-i-k-Ôn. DZm: sh oà-þ-sh +\oà(c- mw-]-z- nse "\v' t]mbn "Wv' hcp- p) I -Zw-þ-Iev+aZw("e'Imcw aim-c-t msp tncp-t¼mä "\'Imc-ambn amdp- p) 4. ZznXz-k-Ôn- þ- h-à Ä X½n tncpt¼mä Hcp hà w Cc-«n- mâ AXv ZznXzk-Ôn. DZm: ] +]pãv-þ-]- - pãv F +Bbn-cw-þ-F- m-bncw ]ncn-s -gp-xp-t¼mä {i²n-t Nne {][m-\-]-z- Ä hnzyp-ñà n þ hnzypxv+ i à n sh a þ shf v+ a b-ymà w þ bym+ A À w hn ew þ hn + Xew sn m-ac þ snw+ Xmac \ thm- m\ w þ \ h + D m\ w Et KzZw þ EI v+ thzw s] mâ n-e¼v þ s] m³ + Nn-e¼v {I nk vxz_ vzw þ {I nk vxp+ A _ vzw A \ zà w þ A \ p+ A À w al Àj n þ al m+ Ej n A Xyp-Ö zew þ A Xn+ DÖ zew B b pàthzw þ B bpx+ thzw Xr v þ Xncp+ I v hmkzmzw þ hmi v+ hmzw P\ m-hen þ P\ + B hen \ nè_ vzw þ \ nx+ i _ vzw A h³ þ A + A ³ {] txyi w þ {] Xn+ GI w Ne- n{xw þ NeXv+ Nn{Xw