DuÀÖ -X { AXnsâ Im -iàn \in- p- p. Dcp v Im ni t {X- nâ h mâ AXv iàn-tb-dnb Im am-ip- n-ã.

Transcription

1 DuÀÖ -X { w What is retardation? {]thkw Ipd-ªp-sIm- n-cn- p Hcp hkvxp-hnsâ Xzc- Ws aµo-i-cww F p ]d-bp- p. AXm-bXv bqwnäv ka-b- nâ {]th-k- n-ep- m-ip Ipd-hn\v aµo-i-cww F p ]dbp- p. DZm-l-c-W-ambn t\tc apifn-tebv v ew_-ambn Hcp IsÃdn-ªm AXnsâ {]thkw Hmtcm sk â nepw 9.8 m/s hoxw Ipd-ªp-h-cpw. Cu k mc- nâ IÃv kaaµo-i-c-w-t msv IqSn Nen- p p F p ]d-bmw. What is mean by banking of curve? What is the purpose of it? tdmunse hf-hp-i-fnâ _mly-`mkw DÄ`m-K-t - mä Aev]w DbÀ n tdmunsâ D]- cn-xew Ncn- mwv \nà½n- p- Xv. C{]-Imcw sn p- -Xn\v _m nwkv Hm^v IÀhv F v ]d-bp- p. C{]- Imcw snbvxn-«på `mk- p-iqsn tamt«mà hml-\- Ä k -cn- pt¼m-ä tdmunsâ {]Xn-{]- hà \w Ncnª Zni-bn-em-Ip- p. Cu _e- nsâ Hcp `mkw Xnc-Ýo\ Xe- nâ {]hà n v hml-\- n-\m-h-iy-amb A`n-tI- {µ-_ew \evip- p. What is stream lining? hkvxp- - fp ss BIrXn, LÀjWw ]c-am-h[n Ipd-bv - - -hn-[- nâ cq]-s -Sp n FSp- p- -Xn-s\-bmWv [mcm-tc-jn-x-am-  F p ]d-bp- Xv. Nne tamt«mà hml-\- Ä, aõc Hm«- n-\på Imdp-IÄ, Päp-hn-am-\- Ä, I -ep-iä XpS- nbh c - {K- -fn-tebv pw hcp-t¼mä h w Ipdªv IqÀ n-cn- p- -hn- [-amwv cq]-i-ev]\ snbvxn-cn- p- Xv. CXn-s\-bmWv [mcm-tc-jn-xam-  F v ]d-bp- -Xv. What are lubricants? Jc-cq-]- n-epå c v {]X-e- Ä n-s-bnâ LÀjWw Ipdbv p- -Xn-\p-th n D]-tbm-Kn- p hkvxp- sf s]mxpsh kvt\l-i- Ä F p ]d-bp p. (DZm: F, {Kmss^äv [Jcw]) {Zmh-I-cq-]- nepw Jc-cq-]- nepw DÅ hkvxp- Ä Cu Bh-iy- n- \mbn D]-tbm-Kn- m-dp v. kvt\l- I- Ä c v D]-cn-X-e- n\pw CSbv v t\à Hcp ]Sew krjvsn v {]X-e- Ä X½n t\cn-«på k¼à w Hgn-hm- p p. How soft iron differs from steel in magnetic properties? ] n-cp¼v Im ni t{]c-w- n\v IqSp-X tbmpy-am-wv. AXm-bXv Im ni t {X- nâ h mâ ] n-cp¼v iàn-tb-dnb Im -am-bn- o-cpw. F mâ Im iàn \ne-\nà m-\på Ignhv ] n-cp-¼n-\n-ã. Im ni t {X- nâ \n pw \o w snbvxmâ AXnsâ Im -iàn \in- p- p. Dcp v Im ni t {X- nâ h mâ AXv iàn-tb-dnb Im am-ip- n-ã. Im -iàn Ipd-hm-bncn- pw. F nepw e`n Im iàn kq n- p- h-bv m-\på Ignhv Dcp- n-\p- v. Im ni t {X- nâ \n pw amän-bmepw AXn\v e`n Im -iàn \jvss -Sp- n-ã. Eventhough Nichrome wire has very high resistance it is not used in filament lamps as filaments why? DbÀ {]Xn-tcm-[w, DbÀ {Zh-Wm w F o kz`m-h-ap-åxpw t\cnb I¼n-bm- m-hp- Xpw sshzypxn IS- p-t]m-ip-t¼mä Pzen- p- -Xp-am-bn-cn- Ww ^nesaâ v. \nt{imw-i-¼n-iä v DbÀ {]Xn-tcm-[hpw DbÀ {Zh-Wm- hpw Ds - nepw SMvÌ- Wn-s\-t mse AXns\ t\à I¼n-bm- m³ Ign-bp- n-ã. AXneqsS sshzypxn IS- p-t]m-ipt¼mä sshzyp-txmàöw Xmt]mÀÖ-ambn amdp- -Xn-\m AXv NqSm-Ip- -X-ÃmsX Pzen v {]Imiw e`y-am- p- n-ã. AXn- \mâ ^ne-saâ v Bbn \nt{imw D]-tbm-Kn- p- n-ã. 56

2 What are the specialities of tungsten metal for using it as filaments? 1. SMvk-äWv hfsc DbÀ - {]Xntcm-[-ap- v. 2. AXnsâ {Zh-Wmw w hfsc IqSp-X-emWv (3410). 3. SMvÌ I¼n-bn-eqsS sshzypxn IS- p-t]m-ipt¼mä AXv s]s«v Pzen v {]Im-in- p- p. 4. SMvÌs\ hfsc t\à I¼nbm- mw. Does three pin plug ensure better safety why? Ce-Iv{SnIv D]-I-c-W- -fnse teml BhcW- -fpss FÀ nwkv th -hn-[w Dd- p-h-cp- n-bmwv A]-I-S- Ä Hgnhm- p- -Xv. teml Bh-c-W-ambn _Ôn- n, {Xo]n³ ¹Knse I\hpw \ofhpw IqSnb ]n³ \ mbn FÀ p sn -s «tkm -änse henb Zzmc-hp-ambn _Ôn- n- -s -«n-cn- p- p. AXn-\m D]-I-c-W- nse teml-i-hà \ mbn FÀ p sn -s -Sp p. C³kpte-j³ XI-cmdv aqetam atäm teml-i-h-dnâ sshzypxn F nbmâ FÀ p-i-¼n-bn-eqss {]Xntcm[w Ipdª {]hmlw `qan-bntebv v D m-ip- p. {]Xn-tcm[w Ipd-hm-b-Xn-\m {]hm-lw s]s«v hà²n v ^yqkv Dcp-In kà o«v apdn-bp- -Xp-sIm v XpSÀ på A]-I-S- Ä Hgn-hm- Ip- p. What is critical mass? snbn³ dnbm- ³ A`n-hr-²ns -S-W-sa- nâ {]hà \w aqew D m-ip \yqt{sm-wp-iä \jvss -SmsX {]hà -\- n-teàs - S-Ww. \yq n-bmà ]ZmÀ - nsâ amkv Ipd-hm-sW- nâ {]hà \w \ne-bv m³ CS-h-cpw. C{]-Imcw kw`-hn- m-xn-cn- -W-sa- nâ BIväohv ]ZmÀ - nsâ amkv Hcp \nýnx Af-hn- Ipd-bm³ ]msn-ã. snbn³ dnbm- ³ XpScm³ Bh-iy-amb an\naw amkns\ {In«n-  amkv F p ]d-bp- p. What is tracer technic? snsn-i-fnepw P pi-co-c- nepw cmk-h-kvxp- Ä F s\ {]hà n- p p F p a\-ên-em- p- -Xn-\pÅ t{skà Bbn tduntbm sftkm-tsm- p- Isf imkv{x-ú³amà D]-tbm- K-s -Sp- p- p. Cu ]ZmÀ w Pohn-bpsS ]co- -W-hn-t[-b-amb Ie-bn Ft mä F{X-am{Xw F p p F v KnKÀ Iu À aptj-\tbm, tduntbm BIvänhnän Af- p-hm-\på atä-sx- nepw k{¼-zm-b- Ä hgntbm I p-]n-sn- m³ Kth-j-IÀ v Ign-bp- p. Cu k{¼-zm-bs t{skà ssiv\n-iv F p ]d-bp- p. What is the difference between nuclear reaction and chemical reaction? c m k-{]-hà -\- Ä v _mly-xa sjãnse Ce-Ivt{Sm- Wp-IÄ v Nne {Iao-I-c-W- Ä kw`-hn- p- p. ChnsS Ce-Ivt{Sm- Wp-IÄ kzoi-cn- -s -Sp-Itbm \jvs-s -Sp-Itbm ] p-h-bv --s Sp- Itbm sn p- p. cmk-{]- hà \w aqew Bä- -fpss \yq n-b-knâ bmsxmcp amähpw kw`-hn- p- n-ã. \yq nbknsâ LS-\-bn amäw hcp {]hà - \-amwv \yq n-bà {]hà -\w. \yq n-bà {]hà \w aqew tdun-tb-j³ aptj\ [mcmfw DuÀÖw ]pd-s -Sp- p. Hcp ]ZmÀ w asämcp ]ZmÀ -ambn amdp- p. What is the difference between nuclear fission and radio activity? Hcp \yq n-bkv _mly-t{]-c- W-IÄ v hnt[-b-am-imsx kzbw hnin-c-w- sf DÕÀÖ n v asämcp sftkm-tsm- n-sâtbm aqe-i- n-sâtbm \yq n-b-kmbn amdp {]{In-b-bmWv tduntbm BIvän-hnän. Cu -{]-hà \w \nb-{ -W-hn-t[-b-a-Ãm- Xpw hnhn[ L«- Ä IS- p-t]m-ip- Xpw BIp- p. _mly-t{]-c-w- IÄ v hnt[-b-ambn hfsc Npcp- nb ka-b- n-\p-ånâ \S- p {]{In-b-bmWv \yq n-bà ^nj³. \yq n-b-kv, ct m AXne-[n-Itam \yq n-b-kp-i-fmbn hn`- Pn- -s -Sp-Ibpw [mcmfw DuÀÖw kzx-{ -am- -s -Sp-Ibpw sn p- p. \yq n-bà ^nj³ \n-b-{ n- m³ km[n- p- p. What is displacement? Hcp hkvxp BZyw ØnXn-sN- p Øm\hpw Ah-km\w ØnXn-sN- p- Øm\hpw X½nepÅ t\àtcjm AI-e-amWv h- kvxphnsâ Øm\m- -cw. hyxykvx ]mx-i-fnâ IqSn-bmWv k -cn- p- -sx- nepw hkvxphnsâ Øm\m- -cw Ft mgpw H p Xs -bm-bn-cn- pw. What is spin motion? Give Eg: Hcp hkvxp AXnsâ kz w A w Bkv]-Z-am n Xn-cn-bp hn[- n-epå Ne-\- n\v {`aw Ne\w F p ]d-bp- p. DZm: `qan AXnsâ km -ev]ni A w Bkv]-Z-am n \S- p Zn\-N-e-\w. What is force? Hcp hkvxp-hnsâ \ný-em-h- Ø-bvt m, t\àtcjm ]mx-bn-eqss-bpå kam-\-n-e-\- nt\m amäw hcp- p-i-tbm, amäw hcp- m-\på {]h-wx Df-hm- p- Itbm sn p- -sx- mwv AXmWv _ew. What is momentum? How is it calculated? ]nwvu- n-sâbpw {]th-k- nsâbpw tbmpn- på {]hà \w aqew Hcp hkvxp-hn-ep mip ^es Ne-\- nsâ ]cn-amww AYhm B w F p ]d-bp- p. 57

3 ]nwvu-hpw {]th-khpw X½n-epÅ KpW-\-^-eambmWv B w IW- m- p- -Xv. B w = ]nwvuw x {]thkw ~ p = m x v Intem{Kmw aoäà / sk â v (kgm/s) BWn-Xnsâ bqwn-äv. State Newton's first law of motion? Hcp Ak- p-en-x-amb _mly- _ew {]hà n- m- n-s-t mfw Imew Hmtcm hkvxphpw AXnsâ \ný-em-h-ø-bntem t\àtc-j-bneq-ss-bpå kam\ Ne-\- ntem (uniform motion) XpS-cp- -Xm-Wv. What is inertia? Hcp hkvxp-hn\v kzbw AXnsâ \ný-em-h-øbvt m t\àtc-jm ]mx-bn-eq-ss-bpå kam\ Ne-\- nt\m amäw hcp m-\på Ign-hn-Ãm-bvasb AXnsâ PUXzw F p ]d-bp- p. State Newton's 2nd law of motion? What is its significance? Hcp hkvxp-hn-\p- m-ip B hyxym-k- nsâ \nc- v AXnt  {]tbm-kn- -s -Sp Ak- p-enx _e- n\v t\à A\p-]m-X- nepw B -hy- Xymkw kw`-hn- p- Xv _-e- nsâ Zni-bnepw Bbn-cn- pw. _ew Af- p- -Xn-\pÅ Hcp kahmiyw \nà½n- m³ c mw Ne- \-\n-b-aw klm-b-i-am-ip- p. What is the unit of gravitational force? Define it Kpcp-Xzm-IÀjW _e- nsâ bqwnäv Intem{Kmw shbväv BWv. Hcp Intem{Kmw ]nwvu-apå Hcp hkvxphnt  `qan {]tbm-kn- p BIÀjW _e-amwv Hcp Intem{Kmw shbväv. Hcp Intem{Kmw shbväv = 9.8 \yq«. State Velocity theory based on the velocity and mass relation? {]thkw IqSp- -X-\p-k-cn v Hcp hkvxp-hnsâ ]nwvuw hà²n- p- p. hkvxp-hnsâ {]thkw {]Im-i- nsâ {]th-k- n\v Xpey-am-Ip-t¼mÄ AXnsâ ]nwvuw A\- - (infinity) am-bn - Xo-cp p. What is velocity? What is its unit? bqwnäv ka-b- n-ep- m-ip- Øm\m c- n\v {]th-kw F p ]d-bp- p. AXm-bXv Øm\m- c- nsâ \nc- mwv {]th-kw. {]th-k- nsâ bqwnäv thk-xbpss bqwnäv Xs -bmwv. F mâ Zni-IqSn tnà p ]dtb bqwn-ämwv {]th-kw. AXn- \mâ {]thkw Hcp kzni Afhm-Wv (vector quantity). When a fast moving bus is suddenly stopped, a standing passenger tends to fall towards why? _kv k -cn- p-sim- n-cn- pt¼mä bm{x- m-csâ Hmtcm `mk- n\pw _knsâ AtX thk-ap- v. _kv s]s«v \nev p-t¼mä bm{x- m-csâ ico-c- nsâ ASn- `mkw am{xw \ný-e-am-hp-ibpw apiä`mkw PUXzw (inertia) aqew- N-en- psim ncn- p-ibpw sn p- p. CXn-\m-emWv _knse bm{x- mà apt m«v hogp- -Xv. A person tries to push the car sitting inside it. It does not move why? ChnsS {]tbm-kn- p XÅ _ew _mly-a-ã. B cn-i-am-wv. shfn-bnâ Cd- n-\n- psim- v XÅn-bm am{xta AXv _mly-_-e-am-ip- p-åp. _mly- _-e- n-\v am{xta Hcp hkvxphnâ Ne\w D m- m³ km[n- p-i-bp-åp. What is orbital velocity? What is the least orbital velocity that a satellite of earth must have? ]cn-{i-a-w-]-y- nâiqsn (revolutionary path) k -cn- psim- n-cn- p Hcp-]-{K-l- nsâ {]th-ks HmÀ_n-ä {]thkw F p ]d-bp- p. `qanbnâ\n pw GI-tZiw 200 In.-ao. AI-e- nâ k -cn- p Hcp- ]-{K-l- n\v D m-bn-cnt Gähpw Ipdª HmÀ_n-ä {]thkw 8 km/s BWv. `qan-bnâ\n- på AIew IqSp-t mdpw HmÀ_n-ä {]thkw Ipd-bp- p. `qan-bnâ \n pw 3,80,000 In.-ao. AI-se-bpÅ N{µsâ HmÀ_n-ä {]thkw 1 km/s BWv. How does a satellite stay in orbit? Hcp D]-{Klw `qansb Npäp- Xv GI-tZiw hr m-im-c-amb ]mx-bn-em-wv. hr -]m-x-bn-eqss k -cn- p Hcp hkvxp-hn\v A`n-tI-{µ-_ew Bh-iy-am-Wv. Cu _ew \evip- Xv `qkp-cp-xzm- IÀj-W-_-e-am-Wv. AXm-bXv D]- {K-ls HmÀ_n-ä-en \nà p- Xv `qkp-cp-xzm-iàjw _e-am-wv. A person in a satellite will experience weightlessness why? Hcp hkvxp-hnsâ `mcw, `qan AXn-t  {]tbm-kn- p BIÀj-W-_-e- n\v Xpey-am-Wv. `qansb {]Z- nww sn p Hcp D]-{K-l- n\v A`n-tI-{µ-_ew (centripetal force) Bh-iy-am-Wv. `qkq-cp-xzm-iàjw _ew apgph\pw A`n-tI-{µ-_ew \evip- - Xn-\p-th n hn\n-tbm-kn- p-- p. AXn-\m D]-{K-l- n-\-i- på hkvxp- Ä v `mc-an-ãmbva A\p- `-h-s -Sp- p. 58

4 What are synchronous satellites? What is the direction? How far is it situated from theearth. What are its uses? `qan-sb {]Z- nww sn p Hcp D]-{K-l- nsâ ]cn-{i-aw Imew 24 awn- qà BsW- nâ AXns\ GI-Ime D]-{K-l- Ä (Synchronous Satellites) F p ]d-bp- p. `qan-bpss AtX Znibn Ch {]Z- n-ww sn p- p. Ch `qan-bnâ \n pw GI-tZiw Intem-ao-äÀ AI-e- n-embn-cn pw. CXv {][m-\-ambpw hmà m-hn-\n-ab Bh-iy- Ä pw Sn.-hn., tduntbm F nh-bpss t{]j-w- n\pw D]-tbm- Kn- p- p. What is escape velocity? `qan-bnâ \n pw c -s]-sm³ Hcp hkvxp-hn-\p- m-bn-cn-t Gähpw Ipdª {]th-ks ]em-b\ {]thkw F p ]dbp p. `qan-bnâ\n- på ]emb\ {]thkw 11.2 km/s BWv. N{µ-\nÂ\n- på ]emb\ {]thkw 2.37 km/s BWv A cyclist negotiating a curve tilts the plane of the cycle a little from the vertical, towards the centre of curvature of the curve what is it for? ssk nä, tdmunsâ DÄ`m- K-t bv v Ncn- p-t¼mä Sbdpw tdmupw X½n DÅ LÀjW _ew (friction) tdmunsâ hfhnsâ ti{µw Bkv]-Z-am n {]hà n- p- p. C -s\-bp- m- Ip LÀj-W-_ew ssk nä bm{x- m-c-\v Bh-iy-amb A`n-tI- {µ-_ew \ÂIpw. C{]-Imcw hfhnsâ ti{µw e y-am n LÀj- W-_ew e`n- p- ns-ã- nâ hfhnsâ _mly-`m-k-t bv v sxdn- p-t]m-ipw. What is the principle behind the working of rocket propulsion? tdm -än\v Xo simfp p t¼mä AX-nsâ Pze\ Ad-bn CÔ\w I n AXy-[nIw Dujvamhpw aà±hpw DÅ hmxiw D m-ip- p. Cu hmxiw Hcp t\mknen-eqss iàn-bmbn ]pdt bv v XÅp- p. CXv {]hà - \-am-wv. ]pdw-x-å-s -Sp hmx- I-Päv Xpey-amb Hcp FXnÀ_ew tdm -änâ {]tbm-kn- p- p. CXmWv {]Xn-{]-hÀ \w. Cu {]Xn{]hÀ \w aqew tdm äv api-fn-tebv v IpXn- p- p. What is acceleration due to gravity? What is its value? `qan-bn-tebv v howp-sim- ncn- p Hcp hkvxp-hnsâ XzcWw kam-\-xz-c-w-amwv (uniform acceleration). Cu Xzc-Ws `qkpcp-xzm-iàjw XzcWw F p ]dbp p. CXnsâ aqeyw 9.8 m/s 2 BWv. What is friction? What is its causes? Hcp hkvxp asämcp hkvxphns\ kv]àin- p-sim v Nen- pt¼mä Ah-bpsS kv]ài-\-x-e- Ä n-s-bnâ kam- -c-ambn {]hà n- p _e- n\v LÀjWw F p ]d-bp p. Cu _ew Ne-\s XS-k-s -S- - - hn[w {]hà n- p p. k¼à - nâ hcp D]-cn-X-e- -fnse AXn-kq- va- -fmb Ip p-ifpw Ipgn-Ifpw X½n Iq«n-s m-fp- p- -Xnsâ ^e-am-bmwv Cu _ew A\p-`-h-s -Sp- Xv. In the surface of the earth where is the value of 'g' greater and where is it less? What is the reason for the difference? `qan-bpss `q{]-irxn ]qàwtkm-fm-ir-xn-bã. AXn-\m `qanbpss hymkmà²-amb R sâ hne hyxym-k-s -Sp- p. AXn-\m g bpss aqeyw `qan-bpss FÃm `mk pw Hcp-t]mse AÃ. g bpss aqeyw Gähpw IqSp-X {[ph-{]-tz-i pw Gähpw Ipdhv `qa-²y-tcjm{]tz-i pw Bbncn pw. `qan-bpss hymkmà²w Gähpw IqSp-X `qa-²y-tcjm {]tz-i pw Gähpw Ipdhv {[ph- {]-tz-i- p-amwv. What is viscosity? Give two examples for viscous liquids. What is the relation between viscosity and temperature? {Zmh-I-]-S-e- Ä X½n-epÅ Bt]- ni Ne\w Ipd-bv - - -hn-[- nâ Ah-bv n-s-bnâ _ew Df-hm- m-\på Hcp {Zmh- I- nsâ Ign-hn\v hnkvtim-knän F p ]d-bp p. DZm: nk-dn³, timä«mà, tx³, Bh-W-s F nh hnkvtim-knän IqSnb ]ZmÀ - fmwv. Dujvamhv IqSp-t¼mÄ hnkvtim-knän Ipd-bp p. What is surface tension? What is its reason? kzx-{ -amb Hcp {Zmh-tIm-]- cn-xew AXnsâ D]-cn-X-e-hnkvXoÀ w Ipd-bv p- -Xn-\pÅ {]h-wx ImWn- p p. CXn-\pth n {Zmh-tIm-]-cn-Xew Df-hm- p _es {]X-e-_ew F p ]d-bp p. {ZmhI X m-{x- IÄ X½n-epÅ simln-j³ _eam-wn-xn\v ImcWw. What is capillarity? What is the relation between the liquid rise and the diameter of the tube? Name the liquid that shows capillary depression? `qkp-cp-xzs Ah-K-Wn v kq va-kp-jn-c- -fn-eqss api-fntebv v Ib-dn-t m-im³ {Zmh-I- Ä på Ign-hns\ tiin-ixzw F p ]d-bp p. hymkw Ipd-bp- -X-\p-k-cn v tiini DbÀ IqSp p. ck-amwv (mercury) tiin-i-xmgvn {]ZÀin- n- p 59

5 {ZmhIw. ck- nsâ DbÀ {]Xe-_-e (AYhm simln-j³) - amwv CXn\v ImcWw. What is elasticity and elastic force? Hcp hkvxp-hns\ hen- p- Itbm hf-bv p-itbm Ncn- p- Itbm cq]-hy-xym-k- n\v hnt[- b-am- p-itbm sn p-t¼mä AXns\-Xn-cmbn Hcp B -cn-i-_ew Dfhm- m-\på hkvxp-hnsâ Ignhn\v Cem-kvXn-IX F v ]dbp p. Cu kz`m-h-apå hkvxp- Ä, hkvxp-hn\v taâ {]tbm-kn _ew \o w sn p-t¼mä ]qàh- Øn-Xn-bn-tebv v Xncn- p-hcpw. F mâ Hcp hkvxp-hnâ _ew {]tbm-kn- p-t¼mä AXn-s\-Xncmbn B hkvxp-hnâ D m-ip B -cni _e--s -bmwv CemkvXnI _ew F v ]d-bp- Xv. Soap water is preferred for cleaning purposes why? tkm p-em-b-\nbv v {]X-e- _ew hfsc Ipd-hmWv. AXn-\m {]X-e- sf s]s«v \\-bv m³ tkm p-em-b-\nbv v km[n- p p. Ipdª {]X-e-_ew ImcWw \qep-i-fpss kq va-c-{ô- -fnâ IqSn {]th-in v Agp- ns\ s]s«v Cf- n-am-äm³ tkm p-emb-\nbv v Ign-bp p. What will be the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the moon why? `qan-bpss Kpcp-Xzm-IÀj-W- nsâ GI-tZiw Bdn Hcp `mkw (1/6) am{x-amwv N{µ-\nse Kpcp-Xzm-IÀjW _ew. N{µsâ ]nwvu- nepw hymkmà²- nepw DÅ Ipd-hmWv CXn\v ImcWw. What is the advantage of pressing and massaging the body of a person who has received electric shock? tjmt ä Hcm-fpsS ico-tcmjvamhv s]s«v Ipd-bp p. At mä cà-[-a-\n-iä Npcp- p- -Xp-aqew Ah-bn qsn càw ]¼p-sN- m³ {]bmkw D m- Ip p. icocw \Ã-h w AaÀ n Xncp-½n-bm ico-tcm-jvamhv hà²n pw. At mä càw ]¼psN- p {]hà \w Ffp- -am- Ip p. Drops of liquid are always found to be spherical in shape why? Hcp \nýnx hym]vx-apå {Zmh-I- nsâ D]-cn-X-e-hnkvXoÀ w Gähpw Ipd-ªn-cn- p- Xv AXn\v tkmfm-ir-xn-bp-åt mä am{x-amwv. {Zmh-I nsâ {]X-e-_ew (surface tension) aqew D]-cn-Xe hnkvxoà w Ipdbv m³ {ian- p- -Xp-sIm v {Zmh- I-Xp-Ån-IÄ tkmfm-irxn kzoi-cn- p p. What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion? Htc-bn\w X m-{x-iä X½nepÅ BIÀjW _e-amwv simln-j³. hyxy-kvx-bn\w X m-{x-iä X½n-epÅ BIÀjW _e-amwv AUvln-j³. t_màunâ tnm p-sim-s -gp-xp-t¼mä A c- Ä sxfn-bp- -Xn\v ImcWw AUvln-j-\mWv. What are plastic materials? Give examples Hcp hkvxp-hnâ {]tbm-kn _ew \o w sn p-t¼mä cq]- t`zw kw`-hn hkvxp- Ä ]qàæ- Øn-Xn-bn-tebv v hcm³ Ign-hn-Ãm- -h-bm-sw- nâ A cw hkvxp- sf ¹mÌnIv hkvxp- Ä F p ]d-bp p. DZm: sagpiv, Ifn-a v Mercury does not wet glass why? ck- n\v {]X-e-_ew hfsc IqSp-X-emWv. ck-x- m-{x-iä X½nepÅ simln-j³ _ew ck-x- m-{x-ifpw mkv X m-{x-ifpw X½n-epÅ AUvln-j³ _e-t - mä hfsc IqSp-X-emWv. AXn- \mâ ck-x- m-{x-iä v mknâ ]än- n-sn- n-cn- m³ Ign-bp- nã. What is weight? Hcp hkvxp-hn-t  `qan {]tbm-kn- p BIÀj-W-_-eamWv B hkvxp-hnsâ `mcw. m ]nwvu-apå Hcp hkvxp-hnsâ `mcw mg \yq«ayhm m Intem{Kmw shbnäv BWv. Prove that a freely falling body appears to have no weight? Hcp kv{]nwkv {Xmknsâ simfp- nâ Hcp IÃv Xq n-bn-spi. AXnsâ `mcw Ipdn-s -Sp- pi. {Xm kv hkvxp- hn-t\ m-ssm w Xmtgbv v ]Xn-bv - hn[w {XmknÂ\n pw ]nsn-hn-spi. Xmtgm«v howp-sim- n-cn- p {Xmknse kqnn-bpss Øm\w t\m pi. AXv ]qpy- nâ \nev p- Xp ImWmw. CXn \n pw `qan-bn-tebv v kzx-{ ambn howp-sim- n-cn- p hkvxp-hn\v `mc-anã F p a\-ênem mw. Eventhough many meteors enter the atmosphere we are not being hit by meteors why? hfsc thk- nâ k -cn- p D -IÄ (meteors) hmbphnâiqsn IS- p-t]m-ip-t¼mä LÀjWw aqew NqSmbn I nt m-ip p. hfsc hen- w-iq-snb Nne D -IÄ am{xta A]qÀÆambn `qan-bnâ F p- påp. What is electrostatic force? What are its peculiarities? sshzypx NmÀPpÅ hkvxp- Ä X½n A\p-`-h-s -Sp _e-amwv sshzyp-xm-iàjw _ew. DZm: Ce-Ivt{SmWpw t{]mt«mwpw X½n-epÅ BIÀjW _ew c v t{]mt«m- Wp-IÄ X½n-ep-ÅXv hniàjw - _-e-am-bn-cn pw. Which is more elastic steel or rubber why? ÌoemWv IqSp-X CemkvXnIw. cq]-t`zw hc- - -hn-[- nâ hkvxp-hnâ {]tbm-kn- - 60

6 s -Sp _e- n-s\-xnsc hkvxphn\v Df-hm- m³ Ign-bp B cn-i-_-e-amwv Cem-kvXn-IX. CXv Ìoen\v hfsc IqSp-X-emWv. AXpsIm- mwv bqwnäv sszàly-hà²- \-hp- m- p-hm³ dºà \msbv v Bh-iy-ap-Å-Xn-t\- mä hfsc IqSp-X _ew Ìo hb-dn\v Bh-iy-ambn hcp- Xv. Campare sliding friction and rolling friction? Hcp hkvxp-hnsâ D]-cn-X-e- nâiqsn asämcp hkvxp Dc-ªp- \o- n-bmâ Ne-\- n-s\-xnàzn-ibnâ {]X-e- Ä n-s-bnâ A\p- `-h-s -Sp- _e-s -bmwv \nc-  LÀjWw F p ]d-bp- Xv. Hcp hkvxp asämcp hkvxphnsâ D]-cn-X-e- nâiqsn Dcp v \o p-t¼mä {]X-e- Ä n-s-bnâ Ne-\- n-s\-xnàzn-i-bnâ A\p-`h-s -Sp _e-amwv Dcp-f LÀjWw. Dcp-f LÀjWw \nc-  LÀj-W-t - mä Ipdhm-bn-cn pw. N{I- Ä D]-tbm-Kn- p- Xpw t_mä s_b-dn- p-iä D]-tbm-Kn- p- Xpw C m-c-w- memwv. What is the reason for the surface tension of liquids? {Zmh-I-X- m-{x-i-fpss simlnj³ BWv {]X-e-_-e- n\v ImcWw. Hcp {ZmhI D]-cn-X-e- n\v sxm«p-xm-sg-bpå X m-{x- IÄ Ahbv v Npäp-apÅ X m-{x- I-fm BIÀjn- -s -Sp p. AXn- \mâ Ah Xpe-\-Øn-Xn-bn-emWv. F mâ D]-cn-X-e- nse X m-{x- I-fn-t  FÃm hi- p-\n pw X m-{x-i-fmâ BIÀj-W-_-eanÃ. hi- -fn-tebv pw Xmtgbv p-saãmw BIÀjn- -s -Sp- ps - nepw api-fn-tebv v henhv A\p-`-h-s -Sp- nã. AXn-\m D]- cn-x-e- nse X m-{x-iä FÃmw DÅn-tebv v \o m-\på {]h- WX ImWn- p p. D]-cn-X-e- nse X m-{x-i-fn-t  A\p-`h-s -Sp DÄh-en-hmWv {]X-e- _ew D m- p- Xv. What is the working principle of sonar? i_vz- nsâ {]Xn-^-e\w Bkv]-Z-am- n-bmwv CXv {]hà n- p- -Xv. IqSnb Bhr- n-bpå AÄ{Sm-tkm-WnIv i_vz- X-cw-K- -fmwv CXn D]-tbm-Kn- p- -Xv. kap-{z- nsâ Bgw a\- kn-em- p- -Xn\pw axvky- q-«- - fp-ssbpw A Àhm-ln-\n-I-fpsSbpw km n²yw a\-kn-em- p- - Xn\pw tkmwmà D]-tbm-Kn- p- p. What is sonometer? What are its uses? ZoÀL NXp-cm-Ir-Xn-bn-epÅ Hcp s]«n-bpss apiä`m-k v Hcp t\à I¼n hen- p-si-«n-bn-«på Hcp-]-I-c-W-amWv tkmtwm-ao-äà. c p {_nuvpp-i-fpss klm-bt mss I¼-\-hn-t[-b-am-Ip I¼n-bpsS \ofw {Iao-I-cn- m- \p Å kuicyw CXn-ep- v. i_vzw ASn-Øm-\-am nbpå ]co- -W- Ä sn p- -Xn\v CXv D]-tbm-Kn- p- p. Campare sound waves and light waves? i_vzw Xcw-K- -fmbn {]k-cn- p- -Xn\v am²yaw Bh-iy-amWv. {]Imiw sshzypx Im ni Xcw- K- -fmwv. Ahbv v am[yaw Bh-iy-anÃ. i_vz-x-cw-k- Ä iq\y-x-bnâ k -cn- nã. F mâ {]Im-i-X-cw-K- Ä iq\y- X-bn ]c-am-h[n thk- nâ k -cn- p p. i_vz-x-cw-k- nsâ thkx GI-tZiw 340 m/ s BWv. {]Imi ntâxv 300,000 km/s BWv. {]Imi Xcw-K- -sft mse i_vz-x-cw-k- Ä pw {]Xn-^-en- p-hm³ Ign-bpw. Explain what is doppler effect. Bt]- ni Ne-\- nâ Ccn- p Hcp i_vz-t{km-x-kn\pw t{imxm-hn\pw CS-bn-ep- m-ip i_vz- nsâ Bhr- nhyxn-bm- \s tum¹à {]`mhw F v ]dbp- p. AXm-bXv ¹mävt^m-an \nâ p HcmÄ X\n v FXnsc-bpÅ s{sbn³ hcp i_vzw Zqsc-\n v tiä p-i-bm-sw- n-cn- -s«, s{sbn³ Abm-fn-tebv v ASp- pw-txmdpw i_vz-xo-{hx IqSn- qsn s{sbn³ Abmsf IS- pt]m-ip \nanjw s]s«v Xmgp- p. AtX-k-abw s{sbn-\pw, bm{x- m-c\pw Øncm-h-Ø-bn-em-bncn pitbm, bm{x- m-c³ s{sbn- \n-s\m w s{sbn-\nsâ kv]ounâ k -cn- p-itbm snbvxmâ i_vz- nsâ bymà Bhr- nbm-bn-cn pw tiä m-\n-s-bm-hp-i. What are the characteristics of musical sound? i_vzw snhn-bn-ep- m- p tiähn-bpss \ne-bmwv D -X. D X i_vz- nsâ Xo{h-X (Intensity) sb B{i-bn- n-cn- p- p. bqwnäv ka-b- n-\p-ånâ Hcp t]mbnânâ qsn IS- p-t]m-ip i_vtzmàö- nsâ Af-hmWv AXnsâ Xo{h-X. sh_à s^iv\à \nbaw (Weber Fechner Law) A\p-k-cn v i_vz- nsâ D -X (L) AXnsâ Xo{h-X-bpsS temk-cn-x- n\v t\à A\p-]m-X- n-em-bn-cn- pw. AXmb-Xv, D X (loudness), L = K log e I, ChnsS K F Xv B\p-]m-XnI Øncm- -am-wv. I = Xo{hX (i-_vz-xo-{h-x) (2) Ømbn (Pitch) tiä p i_vz- nsâ IqÀ½- X-bpsS Af-hmWv Ømbn. (3) KpWw (Quality) Htc Bhr- nbpw D -Xbpw DÅ i_vzw ]pd-s -Sp-hn- p hnhn[ t{kmx-kp-isf Xncn- -dn-bm³ klm-bn- p Ign-hmWv i_vz- nsâ KpWw. State Newtons' law of cooling \yq«sâ iox-f-\n-ba {]Imcw Hcp hkvxp-hnâ\n pw Xm]- \jvsw hnincww aqew D mip- 61

7 -Xv B hkvxp-hn-sâbpw ]cnk-c- n-sâbpw Xm]-\n-e-IÄ X½n-epÅ A -c- n\v B\p-]m- Xn-I-am-bn-cn- pw. AXm-bXv B hkvxp-hnsâ Xm]-\ne T 1 0 C Dw AXv kq n p h n-cn- p Bh-c-W- nsâ Xm]-\ne T 0 0 C Dw Bbm E (T 1 - T 0 ) What is humidity? What is relative humidity? A -co- - nse Pe-_mjv]- nsâ Af-hns\bmWv BÀ{ZX F p ]d-bp- -Xv. A co- - nâ bymà - n-epå Pe-_m-jv]- nsâ Afhpw A co w Pe-_m-jv]w-sIm v ]qcn- X-am-Im³ Bh-iy-amb Pe-_mjv]- nsâ Afhpw X½n-epÅ A\p-]mX kwjybmwv Bt]- ni BÀ-{ZX. What is the difference between temperature and heat? Hcp ]ZmÀ - nsâ X m-{x- I-fpsS icm-icn KXn-tImÀÖ ns â Af-hmWv AXns â Dujvam-hv. Hcp ]ZmÀ - nsâ FÃm X m-{x-ifpssbpw IqSnbpÅ BsI KXn-tImÀÖ nsâ Af-hmWv B ]ZmÀ - nâ AS- n-bn-cn- p Xm]w. What is conduction? Hcp ]ZmÀ - nsâ NqSp- IqSnb `mk- på IW- -fpss I¼\w hà²n- p-t¼mä sxm«- Sp IW- -fp-ambn Ah kwl- «-\- nâ GÀs -Sp- p. kwl-«- \-^-e-ambn DuÀÖ nâ Hcp ] v Ah-bn-tebv v ]IÀ v AhbpsS I¼-\hpw hà²n- p- p. C -s\-bp- m-ip- Xm]{]k-c- W-amWv Nme-\w. What is convection? hkvxp-hnse NqSmb IWn-I- IÄ Xs k -cn v a-äv `mk- - fn-tebv v Xm]w {]k-cn- n- p coxn-bmwv kwh-l-\w. {Zmh-I- nepw hmx-i- -fnepw C -c- n-emwv Xm]-{]-k-cWw \S- p- -Xv. Cu {]{Inb Is - n-bxv dwt^muv F imkv{x-ú-\m-wv. What are the uses of thermo flask? NqSpÅ ]ZmÀ - Ä XWp- m-sxbpw XWp ]ZmÀ - Ä NqSm-Im-sXbpw IqSp-X kabw kq n- p- -Xn-\pÅ D]- I-c-W-amWv sxàtamkv ^vfmkviv. hnhn[ coxn-bn-epå Xm]-{]-kc-W- Ä CXn XS-ªn-cn- p- p. The liquid used in thermometer is mercury why? saà p-dn v KW-\o-b-amb hnimk \nc- m-wp-å-xv. sxàtam-ao-ädnâ saà p-dn-bpss \nc v hyà- am bn ImWmw. saà pdn, mkv Syq_n ]än- n- Sn- p-i-bn-ã. km[m-cw Dujvamhn _mjv]-am-hp-i-bn-ã. What is evaporation? What is the relation between temperature and evaporation? {ZmhI X m-{x-i-fpss simloj³ _es AXn-Po-hn v KXntImÀÖw IqSp-X-epÅ Nne {ZmhI X m-{x-iä {Zmh-I-\n-c- n\v shfn-bnâ t]mip {]{Inb-bmWv _mjv]o-i-c-ww. Dujvamhv hà²n- p- -Xn-\-\p-kcn v {ZmhI X m-{x-i-fpss KXntImÀÖw hà²n- p- -Xn-\m IqSp-X X m-{x-iä \nàk-an- p- p. AXm-bXv _mjv]o-i-c-w- \nc v hà-²n- p- p. {]X-e- nsâ hnkvxoà w IqSp- -Xn-\- \p-k-cn pw _mjv]o-i-cw thkx IqSpw. What is absolute zero? sfkv Dcp-Ip Dujvam-hn-s\- mä Xmgv DujvamhpI-sf- pdn v ]T\w \S- nb imkv{x-imc- mà X m-{xm-n-e\w ]cn-]qà ambn \ne-bv p-ibpw icm-icn KXn-tImÀÖw ]qpy-ambn ocp Ibpw sn p Dujvamhv IW- p-iq«n I p-]n-sn- p. CXns\ tihe ]qpyw (A-_vk-eyq«v kotdm) Dujvam-sh p ]d-bp p. CXv sfkv Dcp-Ip Dujvam-hns\- mä C Xmsg-bm-Wv. Dujvamhf- m-\på siâhn³ (K) kvsibnenâ Cu Dujvam-hns\-bmWv ]qpyw K Bbn kzoicn- n-cn- p- -Xv. If compound bar of iron and copper is heated it will bend why? FÃm hkvxp- -fp-ssbpw hnimkw Hcp-t]m-se-b-Ã. sn¼nsâ hnimkw Ccp-¼nsâ hnim-k-s - mä IqSp-X-em-Wv. bpü-zwvuv NqSm- p-t¼mä sn¼p-x-in-snsâ \ofw, Ccp-¼p-X- In-Snsâ \of-s - mä IqSp-X-em- Ip- p. Hmtcm- n\pw {]txyiw {]txy-i-ambn hni-kn m³ km[n- msx hcp- -Xp-sIm v ZWvUv hf-bp- p. sn¼v XInSv hf-hn\v ]pd pw Ccp¼v XInSv hf-hn\v AI pw Bbn-cn- pw. What is super fluidity? loenbw hmxiw 4.1 K hsc XWp- n- mâ AXv {Zmh-I-ambn Xocp p. {Zmh-I-lo-enbw ho pw 2.2 K hsc XWp- n- mâ AXnsâ khn-ti-j-x-iä hyxym-k-s «v kq À ^vfqbnuv loen-bw BIp- p. hnkvikv _ew Xosc CÃm- Xm-Ip- -Xn-\m `qkp-cp-xz- n-s\- Xn-cmbn Hgp-Im³ Ign-bpw. Cu {ZmhIw Hcp Xpd ]m{x- n-se- Sp- mâ AXv ]m{x- nsâ hi- p-iqsn api-fn-tems«mgp-in ]m{x- nâ\n pw ]pd p IS- p- p. Xpd Hcp ]m{xw {Zmh-I-lo-enb- nsâ api-fnâ sh mâ {ZmhIw ]m{x- nsâ hi- p-iqsn api-fn-tem-s«m-gpin ]m{x- n-\p- Ån {]th-in- p- p. F mâ hfsc Ipdª Cu Xm]-\n-ebn loen-b- nsâ hnkvtimknän ]qà -ambpw CÃm-Xm-Ip- - Xn-\m {Zmh-I-lo-en-b- n\v Hcp {]X-e- nâ q-sn api-fn-tem-s«mgpip -Xn\v km[n- p- p. Cu kz`mh hnti-js kq À ^vfqbn-unän F p ]d-bp- p. 62

8 What is critical angle? {]Im-i-civan km{µ-x- IqSnb am[y-a- nâ\n pw km{µx Ipdª am[y-a- n-tebv v Ncnªv {]th-in- p-t¼mä A]- hà -\-tim 90 0 BIp Xn-\mh-iy-amb ]X\ timwns\ {In«n-  tim F p ]d-bp- p. What is optical fibre? mknsâtbm IzmÀSvknsâtbm Xe-apSn \mcp-iä t]mse I\w Ipdª \mcp-i-fmwv Hm]vän-  ss^_dpiä. mkn-t\- mä km{µx Ipdª hkvxp- ÄsIm v Cu \mcp-i-ä BhcWw snbvxn-cn- pw. What are the uses of fibre optics? (1) B[p-\n-IhmÀ m-hn-\n-ab cwk v DuÀÖ-X-cw-K- sf \jvsw-iq-smsx ZoÀL-Zq-cw hn\nabw \S- p-hm³ D]-tbm- Kn- p- p. (2) Btcm-Ky-cw-K v ikv{x-{in-b- IÄ \S- p-hm-\pw, ico-cm-hb-h- fnep mip Syqa-dp- IÄ \in- n- m\pw ss^_à Hm]vänIvkv D]-tbm-K-s -Sp- p- p. What is fluorescence? Xcw-K-ssZÀLyw Ipdª civan-isf BKn-cWw snbvxv Xcw-K-ssZÀLyw IqSp-X-emb civan- Isf DXvkÀPn- m-\på Nne ]Zm- À -fpss Ign-hmWv ^vfqdsk³kv. Why is a blackboard black in colour?»miv t_màuv AXn ]Xn- p {]Im-i-c-ivan-Ifnse Hcp LS-I-hÀ -s bpw {]Xn-^-e--n n- p- n-ã. AXn-\m»mIv t_màuv Idp \nd- nâ ImWs -Sp- p. Why does a white paper tooks white? shfp {]Xew Hcp LS-IhÀW-s bpw BKo-cWw sn p- n-ã. AXn ]Xn- p GXp hàw-{]-im-i-s bpw AXv AtX- ]-Sn {]Xn^en n- p p. [hf {]Im-is {]Xn-^-en- n- p- -Xn- \mâ shå- -S-emkv shå-bmbn ImW-s -Sp- p. Why is red colour chosen for signal lamps? Nph- p-hà w Gähpw Ipdª hnk-c-w- (scattering) n\v hnt[-b-am-ip- -Xn-\m Xo{hX KWy-ambn Ipd-bmsX Xs hmbp-hn-eqss ZoÀL-Zqcw k -cn v \½psS ZrjvSn-bn s]sp- p. AXn-\m knáâ em¼p-iä v Nph {]Imiw D]- tbm-kn- p- p. We can't see stars in the morning why? ]IÂk- a-b v hnk-cnx {]Im-iw sim v BImiw \ mbn {]Im-in-X-am-Ip- p. AXn- \mâ \ -{X- -fpss {]Im-is thàxn-cn- -dn-bp-hm³ \ap v km[y-a-ã. AXn-\m ]I kab v an n- n-f- p \- -{X- sf ImWm³ km[n- p- nã. Why are sodium vapour lamps used as street lamps in big cities? aq-sâaªv, ag, ]pi-a-ªv (smog), s]msn-]-s-e- Ä F nhbnâ aª-{]-imiw Ipdª Af-hn am{xw hnk-cww sn - s -Sp- -Xn-\m-emWv aª-{]-imiw {]Zm\w sn p- tkmunbw th À em¼p-iä henb \K-c- - fnâ kmàh-{xn-i-ambn D]-tbm-Kn- p- -Xv. You might have noticed some writings and drawings in paint on sign boards, shining brighter than their surroundings. Give reason. ssk³ t_màup-i-fnâ Fgp- p-ifpw hc-ifpw ^vfqd-skâ v s]bnâp-iä D]-tbm-Kn- mwv sn p- -Xv. Ch AÄ{Smh-b-eäv Inc-W- sf BKncWw snbvxv Zriy-{]-Im-i-am n amäp- p. AXn- \memwv ssk³t_màup-i-fnse Fgp- p-i-fpw hcifpw tim`tbmss Xnf- p- -Xv. Though we can see sun, moon and stars we can't hear the sounds from there why? {]Im-i- n-\v k -cn- m³ am[yaw Bh-iy-an-Ã. i_vz-x-cw- K- n\v IS- p-t]m-ip-hm³ am[yaw Bh-iy-am-Wv. kqcy\pw `qanbv pw CS-bn-epÅ {]tziw an -hmdpw iq\y-am-wv. AXn-\m-emWv kqcy- \nâ D m-ip i_vzw tiä m³ Ign-bm- -Xv. Why are infrared radiations used to take photos of very distant objects? C³{^m-sdUv Inc-W- -fpss Xcw-K-ssZÀLyw (wavelength) hfsc IqSp-X-em-Wv. AXn-\m Ah A -co- - nâ DÅ sndp- I-Wn-I-I-fnepw aäpw X«n hnkcww kw`-hn v \jvs-s -Sm³ km ²yX hfs c Ip dhmwv. X qew hnzq-c-h-kvxp- hnsâ t^mt«m FSp- p- -Xn\v [h-f-{]- Im-i-t - mä \ÃXv C³{^msdUv civan-i-fm-wv. What is light year? _ln-cm-im-i v Zqcw Af- m- \på GI-I-am-Wv {]Im-ihÀjw. Hcp hàjw {]ImihÀjw k cn- p Zqc-s -bmwv {]Im-ihÀjw F p ]d-bp- -Xv. Hcp {]Im-i-hÀjw = x 60 x 60 x 24 x 365 km = 9.46 x km Which type of lens is used by watch repairers? What is the scientific theory used here? tim shivkv se³kmwv D]-tbm-Kn- p- -Xv. hm n-\p-ånse AXn-kq-Ivjva-amb `mk- Ä hyàambn ImWp- -Xn-\mWv CXp-]-tbm-Kn- p- -Xv. Hcp tim shivkv se³knsâ 63

9 t^m -kn-\p-ånâ ØnXn sn p Hcp hkvxp-hnsâ \nhà Xpw hepxpw anyy-bp-amb {]Xn-_nw_w AtX hi- p-xs cq]-s -Sp p F XXz-amWv ChnsS {]mhà n-i-am- n-bn-cn- p- -Xv. What is terrestrial telescope? Hcp sse-kvtim v D]-tbm-Kn v `qan-bnâ AI-se-bpÅ hkvxp- sf \nco- n- p-t¼mä {]Xn- _nw_w \nhà p-xs ImW- Ww. CXn-\p-th n H_vP-IvSohn\pw sf]o-kn\pw CS-bv v asämcp tim shivkv se³kv D]-tbm-Kn- p- p. CXn cq]-s - Sp A na {]Xn-_nw_w \nhà -Xm-bn-cn- pw. What is photon? Energy of photon depends on what? Hcp \nýnx Afhv DuÀÖhpw \nýnx Xcw-K-ssZÀLy-hp-apÅ sshzypx Im ni hnin-c-w- nsâ Gähpw sndnb bqwnämwv t^mt«m. Hcp t^mt«m- Wnsâ DuÀÖw AXnsâ Bhr- nbv v t\à A\p-]m-X- nemwv. F mâ Xcw-K-ssZÀLyw IqSp-t¼mÄ DuÀPw Ipd-bp- p. What explanation was given by Einstein for photo electric effect? t^mt«m-wp-iä Hcp \nýn-x Afhv DuÀÖ-apÅ IWn-I-I-fm- Wv. Ch s]m«m-kyw, tkmun-bw, kn v apxemb teml- -fpss D]- cn-x-e- nâ AXn-i-àn-bmbn h n-sn- p-t¼mä Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wp-IÄ ]pd- -Å-s -Sp- p. Hcp t^mt«m- Wn-\v Hcp Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wns\ am{xta ]pdw-x-åm³ Ign-bp-I-bp- Åp. {]Im-i Xo{hX hà²n- pt¼mä IqSp-X t^mt«m-wp-iä h p ]Xn- p-ibpw IqSp-X Ce- Ivt{Sm-Wp-Isf ]pdw-x-åp-ibpw sn p- p. What is the colour of the sun during sun rise and sun set why? DZ-b-kq-cy-sâbpw AkvX-a\ kqcy-sâbpw \ndw Hmdt m Nnet mä Npht m Bbn \ mw ImWp p. DZ-bm-kvX-a\ ka-b- - fnâ kqcy-c-ivan-iä v aäp ka-b- sf At]- n v A -co- - neqss Gsd Zqcw k -cn-s - nâ am{xta `qan-bpss D]-cn-X-e- nâ F m³ km[n q. AXn-\m Xcw-K-ssZÀLyw Ipdª hà - Ä an -hmdpw hnk-c-w- n\v hnt[-b-am-ip p. DZ-b-kq-cy- \nâ\n pw AkvX-a\ kqcy- \nâ\n pw `qan-bnâ F p {]Im-i-c-ivan-I-fn Xcw-KssZÀLyw IqSnb Nph v, Hmd v, aª F o hà - Ä m-bncn pw {]mapjyw. Cu hà - - fpss kwtbm-pnx \nd-ambn kqcys\ Hmdt m Npht m Bbn ImWp p. Why does sky looks blue in colour? kqcysâ {]Im-i-c-ivan-IÄ hmbp-hnâ qsn IS- p-h-cp-t¼mä A -co- - nse hmx-i-x- m- {XIfnepw [qfo-i-i-e- -fnepw X«n hnk-c-w-hn-t[-b-am-ip- p. Xcw-KssZÀLyw Ipdª hb-e-äv, C³UntKm,»q, XpS- nb hàw- Ä IqSp-X hnk-c-w-hn-t[-bam-ip- -Xn-\m Ah-bmWv BImis {]Im-in-X-am- p- -Xv. X qew BImiw \oe-\n-d- nâ ImW-s - -Sp- p. What is mirage? \à shbn-epå Znh-k- -fnâ a v \Ã-h w NqSm-Ip-t¼mÄ D]- cn-x-e- n-t\msv tnà p- In-S- p hmbp NqSm-Ip- p. NqSp-Iq-Snb km{µx Ipdª Cu hmbp ]mfn v api-fn-epå hmbp-hn\v NqSv Ipdhpw km{µx IqSp-Xepw Bbn-cn- pw. kao-]-apå hkvxp- -fnâ\n- på {]-Imicivan-IÄ km{µ-xm-hy-xym-k-apå C cw hmbp-]m-fn-i-fn-eqss k -cn v \nco- -I-\n-se- p-t¼mä A]- hà -\-hpw ]qà B c {]Xn- ^-e-\hpw kw`-hn- p- p. \nco- - I\v hkvxp-hn-s\bpw {]Xn-_nw-_- s bpw Zriy-am-Ip -Xn-\m shå-apå {]XoXn P\n- p- p. Cu {]Xn-`m-k-amWv aco-nni F - dn-b-s -Sp- Xv. How is rainbow formed? Why is rainbow seen bent in the form of an arc? A -co- - nâ X n-\nev p Pe-I-Wn-I-IÄ kqcy-{]- Imiw X«p-t¼mÄ D m-ip {]IoÀW-\-^-e-am-bmWv ag-hn-ãp- m-ip- -Xv. ag-bpå Znh-k- -fnâ kqcy-{]-im-i-ap-å-t mä cmhnsetbm sshint«m kqcysâ FXnÀZn-i-bn ag-hnãv ImW-s - Sp- p. Hcp \nco- -I\v Hcp kab v Hcp Pe- I- Wn- Ibn \n på \nd- -fnâ GsX- nepw H p am{xta ImWm³ Ign-bp- p- Åp. B Pe-I-WnI c p {]txyi hàw- -fnâ ImW-s - Sp- p. Pe-I-Wn-I-bn \n på Nph {]Imi civan-iä \nco- - I-s\bpw kqcy-s\bpw tbmpn- n- p ZrjvSn-tc-J-bp-ambn Hcp \nýnx tim D m- p- p. Nph- mbn ImWp FÃm Pe- IWn-I-Ifpw ZrjvSn-tc-J-bp-ambn AtX tim Xs D m p p. asäãm hàw- fpw CtX-t]mse ImW-s -Sp- p. `qan-bpss tkmfm- IrXn ImcWw ag-hnãv BÀ pt]mse ImW-s -Sp- p. What are the peculiarities of infrared and ultraviolet rays? Write two differences and two similarities? c pw sshzypx Im ni hnin-c-w- -fm-wv. c pw Zriy-{]- Im-i- nsâ kvs]iv{s- n\v sxm«-sp v hcp- -h-bm-wv. c n\pw t^mt«m-{km-^niv t¹änâ 64

10 {]hà n- m³ Ign-bpw. AÄ{Smh-b-eäv Inc-W- Ä v {]Im-it - mä DbÀ Bhr- n-bmwv F mâ C³{^m-sdUv Inc-W- n\v {]Im-i-t - mä Bhr n Ip d- hm- Wv. Ah bymà - nâ Xm]-In-c-W- -fm- Wv. AÄ{Sm-h-b-eäv Inc-W- Ä v \½psS Xz nâ {]hà n v sshä-an³ þun Dev]m-Zn- n- m³ Ign-bpw. Aan-X-amb AÄ{Sm-h-beäv Inc-W- Ä I n\v tisp-hcp- pw. hnzq-c-h-kvxp- fpss hyà-amb Nn{Xw e`n- m³ C³{^m-sdUv hnin-c-w- Ä A\ptbm-Py-am-Wv. How can you identify concave and convex lens? (1) ASp- -Sp- n-cn- p Hcp hkvxp-hns\ se³knâ q-sn t\m p-i. se³kv s]s«v Hcp hi-t bv v amäp-i. {]Xn-_nw_w FXnÀZn-i-bn-tebv v \o p- -Xmbn txm p- p. F nâ AXv tim shivkv se³km-wv. {]Xn-_nw-_wse³kv \o nb hi-t bv v Xs \o p- -Xm-bntXm n p p-sh- nâ AXv hn{h- P\ ( tim ti-hv) se³km-wv. (2) se³knâ qsn t\m p-t¼mä {]Xn-_nw_w hepxpw anyy-bpam-sw- nâ AXv kw{h-p\ se³kpw (tim sh-ivkv), {]Xn-_nw_w sndpxpw anyybp-am-sw- nâ AXv hn{h-p\ se³kpw ( tim ti-hv) BWv. What is static electricity? hkvxp- Ä X½n Dc-kpt¼mÄ, H nâ\n pw asäm- ntebv v Ce-Ivt{Sm-WpIÄ ssiamäw sn -s -Sp- p. Ce- Ivt{Sm-Wp-IÄ e`n- p hkvxphn\v s\k-äo-hpw Ce-Ivt{Sm \jvs-s -Sp hkvxp-hn\v t]mknäohpw NmÀPp-IÄ e`n- p- p. Cu sshzyp-x-nmàpv aäp-`m-k- -fntebv v Nen- msx hkvxp- - fnâ AtX Øm\ v \nâ p, ssiamäw sn -s «C -c- nepå sshzyp-xnsb ØnX-ssh- ZypXn F p ]d-bp- p. Why are iron chains hanged from the chases of petrol trucks? s]t{smä Sm n-\p-ånâ s]t{smfpw Sm p-ambn XpSÀ bmbn Dc-k \S- p p. Sbdpw tdmupw X½n Dc-k \S- p- p. CsXms ImcWw {S nsâ teml-`m-k- -fnâ ØnX-ssh- ZypXn D m-ip-ibpw Xo]n-Sp- - n\v km[yx Gdp-Ibpw sn p- p. tnknâ\n- pw Xq n-bn-«n-cn- p N e FÀ nwkv Bbn {]hà n- p- -Xn-\m A]-ISw Hgn-hm- mw. What is intensity of electric current? Hcp kà o-«nse Hcp _nµphnâ qsn Hcp sk ânâ IS- pt]m-ip- NmÀPpI-fpsS Af-hmWv sshzypx {]hml Xo{h-X. Hcp sk ânâ Q Iqtfmw NmÀPv Hcp _nµp-hnâiqsn IS- p-t]m-bmâ sshzypx {]hml Xo{hX Q Bs¼-bÀ Bbn-cn- pw. What is an ampere? Define it? sshzypx {]hml Xo{hX Af- p- -Xn-\pÅ bqwn-ämwv Bs¼-bÀ. B³t{Um tacn Bs¼-bÀ F imkv{x-úsâ kvac-w-bv m-bn-«mwv Cu bqwnäv sxc-sª-sp- -Xv. Hcp sk ânâ Hcp kà o-«n-eqss Hcp Iqtfmw NmÀPv {]h-ln- p- p-sh- nâ kà o-«nse sshzypx {]hml Xo{hX Hcp Bs¼-bÀ BsW p ]d-bmw. What is a volt? Define it s]m«³jyâ hyxymk- nsâ bqwn-ämwv thmä«v. Hcp _nµphnâ\n- v, asämcp _nµp-hntebv v Hcp Iqtfmw sshzypx NmÀPv {]h-ln- n- p- -Xn\v 1 PqÄ {]hr n snt - n-h-cp- psh nâ B c p--_n-µp- Ä pw X½n-epÅ s]m«³jyâ hyxymkw 1 thmä«v BWv. What is the unit of e.m.f? What is the voltage of a source? Hcp t{kmx-ênsâ e.m.f. F p ]d-bp- Xv AXnsâ c -{K- Ä p-an-s-bn-epå s]m«³jyâ hy-xym-k-am-wv. AXpsIm v e.m.f. sâ bqwnäv s]m«³jyâ hyxym-k- nsâ bqwn-ämb thmä«p-xs bmwv. thmä«nâ e.m.f. AYhm s]m«³jyâ hyxym-ks km[m-c-w-bmbn thmät«pv F p hnfn- p- p. What is a safety fuse? Explain its working? tjmà«v kà o«v aqetam, HmhÀtem-Un v aqetam kà o- «nse {]hm-lw {Iam-Xo-X-ambn hà²n- mâ XÂ^-e-ambn D m- Ip NqSp-aqew hb-dnwkv I nt]m-im\pw D]-IcW -fpw, Nnet mä si«n-s- Ä Xs bpw sh p \in- m\pw CS-bm-tb- pw. Cu AXym-lnXw Hgn-hm- m- \mwv kà o-«nâ ^yqkv LSn- n- p- -Xv. {]hm lw {Iam-Xo-X- ambn hà²n- p-t¼mä NqSp-aqew ^yqkvhbà Dcp-Ip-Ibpw kà o«v hntñ-zn- -s -Sp-Ibpw sn p- -Xn- \mâ hb-dnwkv IqSp-X NqSmbn I n-t m-im³ CS-bm-Ip- n-ã. Copper wires or thick wires must not be used as fuse wire why? Aan-X-amb sshzyp-x-{]-hmlw D m-ip-t¼mä Dcp-In-s]m-«- h w Xmgv {Zh-Wm- -apå I¼n-I-fmWv ^yqkv I¼n-IÄ. sn¼p-i-¼nbpw I\-apÅ I¼nbpw sshzypx {]hmlw hà²n- p-t¼mä DcpInt mip- n- Ã. AXn-\m Ah ^yqknsâ [À½w \nàæ-ln- p- n-ã. 65

11 In an electric bulb the filament is broken. Rejoin the filaments and switch on. Will it glow brighter? Why? IqSp-X tim`-tbmss {]Im-in- p- p. s]m«n-t mb ^ne-saâ v ho pw tnà p-h-bv p-t¼mä \of- nâ Ipd-hv A\p-`-h-s -Sp- p. AXnsâ ^e-ambn {]Xntcm[w Ipd-bp-Ibpw {]hm-l-xo- {hx Iq-Sp-Ibpw sn p- p. What is the advantage of fluorescent lamps over incandescent lamps? ^vfqd-skâ v em¼p-i-fnâ C³Im³U-skâ v em¼p-isf At]- n v DuÀÖ-\jvSw Ipdhm-Wv. C³Im³U-sk-â v em¼p- I-fn DuÀÖ- nsâ \sãm-cp- `mkw Xm]-ambn \jvs-s -Sp- p. ^vfqd-skâ v em¼nâ DuÀÖ- nsâ Gdnb ] pw {]ImtimÀÖ-ambn amdp p. tnm v, thmät«pv 110 V Bbn Ipd-bv p- -Xp-aqew DuÀÖ-\jvSw Ipd-bp- p. C³Im³U-skâ v em¼v GItZiw 1000 awn- qà D]-tbm-Kn- pt¼mä ^vfqd-sk³dv em¼v 5000 awn- qà D]-tbm-Kn- mw. IqSmsX ^vfqd-skâ v em¼p-iä D]-tbm- Kn- p-t¼mä \ngâ D m-ip- panã. How is lightning and thunder caused? hmbp-hn-eqss sx n-\o- p tal- -fnâ ØnX-ssh-ZypXn D m-ip-hm-\på kml-ncyw D v. C cw hyxykvx NmÀÖpÅ tal- Ä X½ntem tal- fpw `qanbpw X½ntem sshzypx UnkvNmÀPv D m-imw. Cu sshzypx UnkvNmÀPmWv an -embn ImW-s -Sp- Xv. Hmtcm an -enepw 20-þ30 Iqtfmw NmÀPm- Wv A -co- - n-eqss {]h-ln- p- -Xv. GXm\pw anãn sk ân- \p-ånâ hmbp-hnsâ Xm]-\ne GI-tZiw ]Xn-\m-bncw Un{Kntbmfw Db-cp- p. Cu NqSp-sIm v hmbp hni-kn v amdp-ibpw B Øm\- t bv v Npäp-] mspw \n pw XWp- -hmbp Cc- p-i-bdp-ibpw sn p- -Xnsâ ^e-ambn hmbp-hnâ krjvsn- s Sp ià-amb Ae-I-fmWv CSn-\m-Zw-. What is nuclear fission? How is energy obtained from it? `mc- q-sp-x-epå Bä- -fpss \yq n-b-kp-isf GI-tZiw Xpey- `m-c-apå c p Ij-W- -fmbn hn`-pn- p {]hà -\-amwv \yq n-bmà ^nj³. ^nj³ \S- p-t¼mä Hcp sndnb Awiw {Zhyw DuÀÖ-ambn ]cn-hà \w sn -s -Sp- -Xp-aq-e-amWv \yq nbmà ^nj³ aqew `oaamb DuÀÖw \ap v DXv]m-Zn- n- m³ Ign-bp- -Xv. How does a Hydrogen bomb work? \yq n-bà ^yqj³ D]-tbm-Kn- mwv ssl{u-p³ t_mw_v {]hà n- p- -Xv. AXyp- X Dujvam-hn ssl{u-psâ 4 \yq n-b-kp-iä AXm-bXv 4 t{]mt«m-wp-iä kwtbm-pn v loenbw \yq n-b-kmbn Xocp- - XmWv {]hà -\w. AXyp- X Dujvamhv e`n- m³ th n Hcp Bäw-t_mw_v s]m«n- pi F - XmWv ]Xn-hv. ^yqj³ -\S- p- - txm-ssm w {Zhyw DuÀÖ-ambn amdp-ibpw sn p p. What is artificial radioactivity? {Sm³kvayq-t«-j³ aptj\ Ir{Xna \yq n-b-kp-iä Dev]m-Zn- n- p-t¼mä ]e-t mgpw tduntbm BIvSohv sftkm-tsm- p-iä IqSn e`n- m-dp- v. C s\ Ir{Xn-a-ambn D m- nb sftkm-tsm- p-iä {]ZÀiņ n p hnin-cw kz`m-hs Ir{Xna tduntbm BIvän-hnän F p ]d-bp- p. What is nuclear reactor? \nb-{ Ww snbvx \yq n-bmà ^nj³ aqew BW-thmÀÖw \nà½n- p kwhn-[m-\-amwv \yq n-bmà dnbm-ivsà. AXn \yq n-bmà ^nj³ \S- p-t¼mä Aev]w {Zhyw ]cn-hà \w sn s Sp -Xp-aqew [mcmfw DuÀÖw ]pd- p-h-cp- p. What is a fast breeder reactor? What is its advantages? DuÀÖw \nà½n- p- -txmssm w, ^nj³ CÔ\w IqSn Dev]m-Zn- n- p dnbm-ivs-dp-i-fmwv ^mìv {_ouà dnbm-ivs-dp-iä. Ah \yq n-bmà CÔ-\hpw ]hdpw Htc kabw Dev]m-Zn- n- p- p. Name the materials used as coolant in nuclear reactors? What is its function? km[m-c-w-bmbn Pe-tam, hmbp-thm, ImÀ_ ssu HmIvssk-tUm, ioxo-im-cn-i-fmbn dnbm-ivs-dp-i-fnâ D]-tbm-Kn- p- p. dnbm-ivs-dp-i-fnâ \n pw Xm]s \o w sn -pi-bmwv Ch-bpsS [À½w. C{]-Imcw \o w sn - s «Xm]w Pes Bhn-bm- p- Ibpw, Bhn SÀss_³ Id n sshzypxn Dev]m-Zn- n- p-ibpw sn p- p. Exposure to much radiation is dangerous why? tduntbm sftkm-tsm- nâ \n p-å tdun-tb-j³ Xo{h-ambn Xpf- p-i-b-dp- -h-bm-wv. AhsN p ]Xn-bv p P p-tim-i- Ä DÄs -ss-bpå ]ZmÀ - sf Atbm-Wo-I-cn- p p. IqSmsX t{]m«o³ X m-{x-isf ]c-kv]cw _Ôn- n- p cmk- _-Ô-\s Ah \in- n- p- p. Cu Imc-W- ÄsIm v tduntbm {]kcw ico-c- n-teâ p- Xv XnI pw B] -c-am-wv. What is average life period or mean life period? Hcp km¼n-fn-epå FÃm tduntbm BIväohv Bä- - fpssbpw PohnXIm-e nsâ (total life) XpS- - nâ km¼n-fnâ AS- n-bn-cn- p Bä- -fpss 66

12 BsI F w sim v lcn- mâ In«p- -Xm-bn-cn pw AXnsâ icmicn Pohm-bp-kv. AXm-bXv icmicn Pohm-bpkv F Xv hnl-s-\- \n-c v " ' (decay constant) bpss {]Xn-tem-a-amWv (reciprocal) icm-icn Pohm-bpkv (mean life) T = 1 / What is carbon dating? t^mkn-ep-i-fp-ssbpw ]gb ac Ij-W- n-sâbpw aäpw {]mbw \ný-bn- m³ D]-tbm-Kn- m-dp- ÅXv ImÀ_ tuänwkv F k{¼-zm- b-am- Wv. A -co- - nse ImÀ_ ssu HmIvssk- Unse C-14 Hcp \nýn-x Af-hnem-Wv. P p- -fp-ssbpw kky- - fp-ssbpw Ie-I-fnepw C-14 sâ A\p-]mXw CO 2 sexp Xs -bmbn-cn- pw. F mâ Pohn acn- mâ ]n osv C-14 ico-c- n\v e`n- m³ k m [ y - X - b n - à m - - X n - \ m  AXnsâ Afhv {ItaW Ipd-ªph-cp- p. Cu Afhv t\sc ]Ip- Xn-bmbn Xocp- -Xn\pw 5760 hàjw thww. 1/4 Bbn Xocp- -Xn\v ]ns bpw 5760 hàjw-iqsn Ign-b-Ww. C s\ ImÀ_ -þ14 F{X-am{Xw Ah-ti-jn- n-cn- p p F p ]cn-tim-[n- -dn-ªmâ AXnÂ\n pw t^mkn-ensâ Ime- -g w IW- m- m³ Ignbpw. What is the difference between isotopes and isobars? Htc aqe-i- nsâ Xs amkv hyxym-k-apå Bä- -sf-bmwv sftkm-tsm- p-iä F p ]d-bp- -Xv. AXm-bXv sftkm-tsm- p-ifpss Atäm-anI kwjy Htc kwjy-bm-sw- nepw amkv kwjy hyxym-k-s -«n-cn- pw. sftkm- _m-dp-i-fpss Atäm-anI kwjy hyxy-kvx-am-wv. ]t amkv kwjy Xpey-am-Wv. AXn-\m sftkm-_m-dp-iä hyxykvx aqe- I- -fpss Bä fmwv. What is the difference between nuclear fission and fusion? What are the advantage of fusion over fission? \yq n-b-knsâ hn`-p\w aptj\ DuÀÖw e`n- p {]hà -\s ^nj³ {]hà \w F pw Atbm-Wo-I-cn {Zhy- nse elp- \yq nbkp-iä kwtbm-pn v henb \yq n-bkv Bbn amdp {]hà \w aqtj\ DuÀÖw Dev]m-Zn- n- p {]hà -\s ^yqj³ {]hà \w F pw ]d-bp- p. ^yqj³ {]hà \w aptj-\-bp- m-ip- Dev]- - Ä tzmj-c-ln- X-am-Wv. ^nj³ {]hà -\- nse Dev]- - Ä tduntbm BIväo hv BWv. ^yq j³ {]hà -\- n\m-h-iy-amb ]ZmÀ w {]Ir-Xn-bn kpe-`-am- Wv. F mâ ^nj³ {]hà -\- n-\m-h-iy-amb CÔ\w hfsc ]cn-an-x-am-wv. Write 2 uses of gama rays? teml-hmà p- I-fn-setbm F, ss] v sse\nse shâunw-kn-setbm hnå-ep-ifpw \yq\-x-ifpw I p-]n-sn- m³ B `mk- -fnâ Kmam Xcw-K- Ä IS- n-hn«v t^mt«m-{km-^niv t¹änâ hogn- mâ axn-bm-ipw. AXypÂ]m- Z-\-ti-jn-bpÅ sa -s -«-bn\w kky-pm-e- Ä hni-kn- n-s -Sp- p- -Xn\pw hfà -bp-ssbpw {]P- \-\- n-sâbpw \nc v hà²n- n- p- -Xn\pw Kmam Xcw-K- Ä D]- tbm-kn- p- p. What is chain reaction? Hcp \yqt{sm Hcp bptd- \nbwþ235 \yq nb-knâ ap«pt¼mä \yq n-bà ^nj³ \S v ]pxnb \yqt{sm-wp-iä IqSn D m- Ip- p. \yqt{sm-wp-iä ho pw aäv \yq n-b-kp-isf ^nj\v hnt[-bam- p- -Xn-\m {]hà \w \nc- cw XpS-cp-Ibpw hà²n- p-h-cp- Ibpw sn p p. Cu {]{In-bsb irwj-em-{]-hà \w F p ]dbp- p. What is rectification and oscillation? sshzypx {]hm-ls Htc Zni-bn B n- oà p {]hà -\-amwv sdivän-^n-t - j³. t\à[mcm sshzypxn (d.c) sb DbÀ Bhr- n-bn-epå {]Xym-hÀ n-[m-c- (a.c) bm n amä-p {]hà -\-amwv Hmkn-tej³. What is the use of detector in radio receiver? tduntbm tìj-\p-i-fn-se-bpw Sn.-hn. tìj-\p-i-fn-sebpw Xcw-K- -fnâ i_vz-kn-á-ep-i-fpw Zriykn-á-ep-Ifpw AS- n-bn-cn- pw. Chsb ssh-zypx Im ni Xcw- K- -fnâ \n v thàxn-cn-s -Sp- p {]hà -\-amwv Unä- ³. CXn-\p-]-tbm-Kn- p kwhn-[m-\- amwv Unä-IväÀ. What is dopping? What is its aim? knen-, PÀta-\n-bw XpS- nb AÀ²-Nm-e-I- -fpss {InÌ LS-\-bn Nne {]txyi A]-{Zhyw DÄs Sp n Nme-IX hà²n- n- p {]{Inbsb-bmWv tum nwkv F p ]d-bp- -Xv. tum nwkv \S- p- Xv Nme-IX sa -s -Sp- m³ th n-bm-wv. What are Robots? What are its peculiarities? a\p-jy\v sn m³ {]bm-k-tadnb {]hà -\- Ä sn m³ Ign-hpÅ Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv D]-I-c- W- -fmwv tdmt_m-«p-iä. hyhkmb ime-i-fnepw imkv{x-k-thj-w- -fnepw a\p-jyà v A]mb-I-c-amb {]hà n-iä sn p- - Xn\v tdmt_m-«p-iä D]-tbm-K-s - Sp- p. Np«p-]-gp D]-I-c-W- Ä, tduntbm BIväohv ]ZmÀ - Ä apx-em-bh ssiimcyw sn m³ tdmt_m-«p-isf D]-tbm-Kn- p p. 67

13 What is the function of geostationary satellites in TV transmission? Sn.-hn. kná-ep-iä D -X Bhr- n-bnâ t\àtc-j-bnâ k -cn- p sshzypx Im n-i Xcw-K- -fm-wv. Pntbm tìj-\dn kmä-sse-äp-iä `qx-e- ns³d h{ix aptj-\-bpå XSkw Hgnhm n hnzq-c-tzi Sn.-hn. kwt{]- jww km²y-am- p- p. What is CPU in computer? I¼yq-«- dnsâ I t{ SmÄ bqwn-än-t\-bpw A.L.U. hns\bpw (A-cn- -sa-äniv B³Uv tempniv bqwn-äv) sa½dnsbbpw tnà v ]d-bp t]cmwv sk³{sâ t{]mk-knwkv bqwn-äv. bymà - nâ I¼yq-«-dnsâ {_bn-³ BWv AXnsâ C.P.U. CXnsâ [À½- -sfãmw \nàæ-ln- p Câ-t{K-äUv kà o«v D]-I-c- Ws ssat{im t{]mk-kà F p ]d-bp- p. What is the importance of Relay station in TV transmission? D- -X Bhr- n-bn-epå Sn.- hn. Xcw-K- Ä sshzypx Im ni Xcw-K- -fm-wv. Ch {]Im-i-s t mse t\àtc-j-bnâ k -cn- p- p. XS-k- sf Npäntbm `qanbpss h{i-xbv v A\p-k-cnt m Ch k -cn- p- n-ã. AXn-\m ChbpsS `q]-cn[n Ipd-hm-Wv. dnte tìj-\p-ifpw Pntbm tìj- \dn kmä-sse-äp-ifpw Sn.-hn. knáep-isf kzoi-cn v XpSÀ v t{]jww sn p- p. What are liquid crystals? What are its peculiarities? What are its uses? {InÌ-ep-I-fp-sSbpw {Zmh-I- - fp-ssbpw Nne kz`m-h- Ä Htck-abw {]I-S-am- p HmÀKm-\nIv kwbp-à- -fmwv {ZmhI {InÌep-IÄ. DZm: tkm p-ip-anf Dujvam-hn-epÅ sndnb hyxym-kw-sim-t m sndnb Id- p-simt m C cw {ZmhI {InÌ-ep-I-fp-sS \nd- nepw Xnf- - nepw hyxymkw hcp- m³ Ign-bpw. hm p-i-fnepw Im pte-ä-dp-i-fnepw A - fpw A c- fpw sxfn-bn- pi, Syqa-dp-IÄ t]mepå tcmkm-hø a\-ên-em- p-i, sxàtam-ao-äà Bbn D]-tbm- Kn- p-i, sndn-b-xcw Sn.-hn. \nà- ½n- p- -Xn\v D]-tbm-Kn- pi apxem-bh {ZmhI {InÌ-ep-I-fpsS D]- tbm-k- -fm-wv. What is the difference between Hard X-ary and soft X-ary? Soft X-ary are not used to take radio graph why? Xcw-K-ssZÀLyw Ipd-hpÅ FIvkvtd IqSp-X DuÀÖw DÄs m-åp- -h-bm-wv. Chbv v Xpf p Ib-dm-\pÅ iàn IqSp-Xem-Wv. Chsb lmàuv FIvkvtd F p ]d-bp- p. XcwKssZÀLyw IqSnb FIvkvtdbv v DuÀPw Ipdhm-Wv. Ahbv v Xpf p Ib-dm- \på iàn Ipd-hmWv. Chsb tkm^väv FIvkvtd F p ]d-bp- p. tkm^väv FIvkvtd-Isf ico-c-i-e-iä BKn-cWw sn p- p. Ah Po\p-I-fn amäw hcp- p- Ibpw A]-ISw D m- p-ibpw sn p p. AXn-\m Ch tduntbm-{km^v FSp- m³ D]-tbm-Kn- p- n-ã. What is modulation? Why is modulation done? BUntbm Xcw-K- sf {]kc-w- n\v ap³]v DbÀ Bhr- n-bn-epå tduntbm Xcw-K- - fnâ Ah-tcm-[n- p {]{In-bbmWv tamup-te-j³. BUntbm kná-ep-iä v t\cn«v A[n-I-Zqcw k -cn- m³ Ign-bp- n-ã. AXn- \m-emwv Ahsb tamup-teäv sn p- -Xv. Ah-bv v A[n-I-Zq-cw k -cn- m-³ Ign-bm- Xv Ah Bhr n Ipdhpw Xcw-KssZÀLyw IqSp-Xepw DÅ Xcw- K-am-b-Xn-\m-em-Wv. IqSmsX Ah Xmgv DuÀÖm-h-Ø-bn-ep-am-Wv. What is a radar? What is its working principle? What is its uses? hfsc Xmgv Xcw-KssZÀLyapÅ tduntbm Xcw-K- Ä D]-tbm-Kn v hnzq-c-amb hkvxp- -fpss km n-²yhpw Zqchpw Znibpw I p-]n-sn- m³ klmbn- p D]-I-c-W-amWv dumà. tduntbm Unä- ³ Bâ v sdbv nwkv F -Xnsâ BZy A -c- Ä tnà mwv dumà F ]Zw cq]w-sim Xv. Xcw-KssZÀLyw Ipdª tduntbm Xcw- K- Ä CS-hn-«n-S-hn«v kv]µ-\- - fmbn Ab- p- p. GsX- nepw hkvxp-hnâ X«n-bm {]Xn-^-en v kv]µ-\- Ä Xncn- p-h-cp- p. CXmWv dum-dnsâ {]hà -\-X- zw. cm{xn-bntem tami-amb Imemh-Ø-bntem t]mepw {]hà n- m³ Ign-bp- Xpw bp²-im-e- v i{xp-hn-am-\ fpss km n-²yhpw aäpw a\-kn-em- p- -Xn\pw kam- [m\ Ime v hnam-\-k-xm-kxw \nb-{ n- p- -Xn\pw D]-tbm-Kn- p- p. I  KXm-K-X-s bpw ao³]n-sp hyh-km-b-s bpw dumà klm-bn- p- p. What are IC chips? What is its advantages? {Sm³kn-Ì-dp-IÄ, Utbm-Up- IÄ, {]Xn-tcm-[-I- Ä, I ³kdp-IÄ XpS- nb FÃm LS-I- - fp-ssbpw [À½ Ä Hcp AÀ²- Nm-eI Nn nâ HXp n \nà½n- n-«på {InÌ-en-s\-bmWv IC Nn v F p ]d-bp- Xv. ta -IÄ : CeIvt{SmWnIv D]- I-c-W- -fpss h³txm-xn-epå \nà½mww km²y-am n. Ch hfsc sndp-xpw `mcw Ipd-ªXpw hniz-k-\o-b-hpw CuSp -\n-ev p- - Xp-am-Wv. km[m-cw Dujva hyxym-k- Ä Xm m-\på Ign- 68

14 hp- v. hfsc Ipd v ]hà am{xta Ahbv v Bh-iy-ap-Åp. How does a tape recorder record sound? sdt màunwkv sluv Hcp Ce-Ivt{Sm-am-sá-ämWv. AXnsâ Im n-i- {[p-h- Ä nsbv v Hcp hns-hp v. ssat{im-t^m-wnâ \nt m atäm hcp BUntbm kná-ep-isf Bw¹nss^ snbvxv dnt màunwkv slunse CeIvt{Sm amá-än-tebv v Ab- p- p. At mä CeIvt{Sm amáäv Im -hâ -cn- -s -Sp-Ibpw {[ph- Ä p kao]w hyxn-bm-\-s -«psim- n-cn- p Im -a-wvuew krjvsn- -s -Sp-Ibpw sn p- p. Cu kabw ts ns\ CXn\p ap neqss \nýnx thk-x-bnâ Nen- n- p- p. ts v sluns\ Nnen- n- p -sim p \o p-t¼mä Im - {[p-h- Ä n-s-bnep mip Im -ni^vf-ivkv ts n-epå AXnkq va Im -h-kvxp- sf Im hâ -cn- p- p. ssat{im-t^m-wnse- p i_vz- nsâ {Ia- nemwv Cu Im -hâ -c-ww. What is meant by LPG? Liquid Petroleum Gas BWv LPG. CXnsâ apjy-l-siw _yqt«bv³ BWv. aà±w D]-tbm- Kn v s]t{sm-fnbw Kymkv {Zmh-Iam n amän Dcp p knen- -dp-ifnâ KmÀln-Im-h-iy- n-\på CÔ-\-ambn hnx-cww sn p- p. Mention two uses of Solar cells? iq\ym-imi hml-\- -fnâ DuÀÖw e`n- p- -Xn\v kucsk-ãp-iä D]-tbm-Kn- p- p. sshzypxn e`y-am- m³ {]bm-kapå Øe- -fnâ sxcp-hp-hn-f- p-iä, ssen-hn-j³, tduntbm F nh {]hà n- n- p- -Xn\v kuc-skâ D]-tbm-Kn- p- p. Mention the use of a solar panel? tkmfmà ]m\â D]-tbm-Kn v kqcy Inc-W- sf ti{µo-i-cn v Xm]-t{km-X-Êmbn {]hà n- n m³ {]tbm-p-\-s Spw. Pew Xnf- n- p- -Xn\pw Blmcw ]miw sn p- -Xn\pw {]tbm-p-\- s -Sp- p. What is meant by a solar cell? kutcmàös sshzyp-xnbmbn amäm³ klm-bn- p D]- I-c-W-amWv tkmfmà skâ knen- sim på Hcp ]n.-f³.- kôn AÀ²-Nm-e-I-amWv tkmfmà skãmbn {]hà n- p- -Xv. Mention the conditions for a fuel to burn completely? CÔ\w ]qà ambpw I n- o-c-w-sa- nâ [mcmfw HmIvkn- P³ e`y-am- -Ww. Pze\w aqeap- m-ip D - - Ä cwk- p- \n v amän-s m- n-cn- p-ibpw thww. What is Einstien's famous massenergy relation? Explain. {Zhy-s bpw DuÀÖ-t bpw ]c-kv]cw ]cn-hà \w sn m³ Ign-bp-sa pw A{]-Imcw ]cnhà \w sn -s -Sp-t¼mÄ AhbpsS ]c-kv]-c-_ôw E = mc 2 F ka-hmiyw D]-tbm-Kn v IW- m- mw F pw sf³ìo³ I p-]n-sn- p. {]kvxpx ka-hm- Iy- nâ 'E' F Xv {Zhy- nâ \n pw DÂ]m-Zn- n- -s «DuÀÖw (PqÄ Af-hnÂ) BWv. 'm' F Xv ]cn-hà \w sn - s «{Zhy- nsâ Intem{Kmw Afhn-epÅ ]nwvuhpw 'C' F Xv {]Im-i- nsâ thkxbpw ( m/s) BWv. How is electrical energy produced from sea waves? h³txm-xnâ \o n-s m- ncn- p Xnc-am-e-I-fpsS KXntImÀÖw D]-tbm-Kn v SÀss_-\p- Isf {]hà n- n- mw. Ah-tbmsSm w LSn- n- n-«på P\-td-äÀ {]hà n- n v sshzyp-txmàöw D m-zn- n- -s -Sp- p. XpSÀ bmbn D -txmàöw AS- nb Xnc-am-e-I-fpsS e`y-xsb B{ibn- mwv e`n- p sshzyp-xnbpss iàn ØnXn sn p- -Xv. Biogas plants are considered to be a boon to farmers why? _tbm-kymkv Hcp hmxi CÔ-\-am-bXp sim v AXn\v DbÀ Item-dnI aqeyw D v. CXv ]qà -ambn Pzen- p CÔ- \-am-b-xn-\mâ ]pitbm aäv hnjhm-x-i- tfm D m-ip- n-ã. AXn- \mâ ]cn-kc aen-\o-i-c-whpw D m- p n-ã. F mâ NmWIw I p-t¼mä ]qà -Pz-e\w \S- p- n-ã. AXn-\m ]pibpw hnj-hm-x-i- fpw D m-ip- p. CXv ]cn-kc aen-\o-i-c-w- n\v Imc-W-am-Ip- p. am{x-aã _tbm- Kymkv D m-zn- n- p-t¼mä e`n- p Ah-injvSw \à hfam-wv. Zo]w sxfn- m\pw ]mni Bhiy- Ä pw CXv D]-tbm-Kn- mw. State Newtons law of motion H mw Ne\ \nbaw: ]pdta \n v Hcp _ew {]tbm-kn- m- n- S-t mfw FÃm hkvxp- fpw AXnsâ Øncm-h-Øtbm t\àtc- J-bn IqSn-bpÅ Ne-\tam amäan-ãmsx XpS-cp- p. c mw Ne-\-\n-baw: Hcp hkvxp-hnsâ B n\p mip amä- nsâ Afhv AXn {]tbm- Kn _e- n\pw AXnsâ Znibv pw A\p-]m-X- n-em-ip- p. aq mw Ne\ \nbaw: FÃm Ne-\- n\pw AXn\p t\cmbpw FXn-cmbpw Hcp {]Xn-{]-hÀ \w D m-ip- p. 69