cmjv{sobþashv \bs p-dn- på IcSv AhtemI\ dnt mà«v

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1 I½yq-WnÌv ]màsn Hm^v C y (amàivkn-ìv) cmjv{sobþashv \bs p-dn- på IcSv AhtemI\ dnt mà«v (2015 P\p-hcn 19þ21 Xob-Xn-I-fn ssl{zm-_m-znâ tnà ti{µ-i-½nän tbmkw AwKo-I-cn- Xv) 1. ti{µi½nän 2014 PqWn AwKo-I-cn ""temivk`m sxcsªsp p AhtemI\'' nâ Xmsg ]dbp \mep \S]SnIÄ kzoicn m³ Xocpam\n ncp p. (1) \mw ]n p-sà phcp cm{ãob AShv \b nsâ ]p\x]cn-tim-[\. (2) ]màsn kwls-\bpss {]hà -\- n-sâbpw P\- - fpss CSbnepÅ {]hà \ nsâ Znim-t_m-[- n-sâbpw AhtemI\w. (3) _lpp\ kwl- S-\I-fp-sSbpw AhbpsS {]hà -\- n-sâbpw Ah-tem-I\w: AXv kzx{ {]hà \w Dd m p pt m F pw cmjv{sob {]hà -\hpw ]màsn si«n- -Sp- epw Gsä-Sp- p- pt m F papå ]cn-tim-[\. (4) DZm-c-h -cww \S- m- m³ XpS- n-bxp apxâ kmaq-ln-iþ km¼ ni ØnXn-K-Xn-Ifn D mbn«på amä fpssbpw, hnhn[ hàk fpss taâ Ah G n BLmX fpss ]T-\- fpw Ah-bpsS ASn-Øm-\- nâ cq]-s -Sp- mhp ap{zm-hm- Iy- -fpw. Cu \mep NphSpIfpw ]ckv]cw _Ô-s -«-Xm-Wv. Ah Gsä-Sp v \S- m- m³ ssis m-åp \S-]-Sn-IÄ \s½ cmjv{sobhpw kwls\m]chpw- Bb t]mcm-bva-iä ]cn-l-cn- m\pw ]màsnsb apt m«p \bn m\pw klm-bn- pw. 2. ti{µ I½nän Cu \mep \S-]-Sn-I-fn BZyt Xmb cm{ãobþashv \b nsâ ]p\-c-t-tem- I\w GsäSp p p. ti{µi½nän kzoicn sxcsªsp p AhtemI\ tcj C s\ ]dbp p. ""XpSÀ bmbpå ]màsn tim {KÊpIfn ]màsnbpss kzx{ iàn hà²n- n- p- - Xnsâ BhiyIX \mw Du n d-ªp-sim- n-cp- p. _qàjz ]màsnifpambn Iq«p-Iq-Sp AS-hmWv \½psS kzx{ iàn-bpss tnmà bv v \nzm-\sa v Nne kwøm\ Ä kqnn- n p. ]màsn-bpss kzx{ iàn ]cn-t]m-jn- n- p- Xn D mb ]cmpbw \mw ]n p-sà p-h-cp cm{ãobþashv \b nsâ ]p\chtemiw Bh-iy-am- n- oà p- p.'' 3. cmjv{so-b-þ-a-shp \b- nsâ Cu hnaài-\m-ßi ]cn-tim-[\ \mw GsäSp p Xv 21þmw ]màsn tim {Kkn\pÅ X m-sd-sp- nsâ `mk-am-bm-wv. C s \ne-bnâ ^e-{]-z-amb cmjv{so-b-þ-a- Shv \bw tim {K-Ên Bhn-jvI-cn- m³ Cu A`ymkw \s½ klm-bn-t - -Xm-Wv. Ignª 25 hàjamwv cmjv{so-b-þ-a-shv \bw kw_-ôn v \mw ]cn-tim-[\ \S-t Ime-b-f-hv. tkmhnbäv bqwnb³ XI-cp-Ibpw XÂ^-e-ambn A ÀtZiob Xe nâ hàk iànifpss ]ckv]c _Ô nâ amä Ä D m-hp-ibpw snbvxp; \hen_dâ Zi A\m-hr-X-am-hp-Ibpw km{am-pyxz [\aqe[\w \bn BtKmfhXvIcWw \½psS kaql nâ {]Xy- - n-epå BLmXw G n- p-ibpw snbvxp. lnµpxz hàkob iàniä cm{ãob iànbmbn iàn hà²n n pibpw PmXn ASn-Øm-\- n-epå kzxzcm{ãobw {]I-S-am-hp-Ibpw snbvxp. 13-þmw tim {Kkv apxâ Bcw`n Ime-b-fhv BWv CXv. 4. \½psS X{ ]camb e yamb P\Iob P\m[n]Xy hn¹h nte v apt -dm³ Imem-Im-e- - fnâ \nb-x-amb Hmtcm kµà`- nepw \mw kzoicn n«på AS-hmWv cmjv{so-b-þ-a-shv \bw. _qàjzmþ`q{]`p hyh-ø-bv v _Z Bbn CSXp P\m[n]Xy ap Wn Du«n-bp- m- pi F - XmWv cmjv{so-b-þ-a-shv \b- nsâ AShp e y-ambn \mw \ný-bn- n-«p-å-xv. hàk-iàn-i-fpss ]c-kv]c _Ô- nâ amäw hcp phm\på \½psS bxv\- nsâ `mkamwv CSXp] P\m[n]Xy ap Wn Du«n-bp- m- m-\på ka-cw. F nâ am{xta \ap v \½psS X{ ]camb e y nâ F nt cphm³ km[n q þmw tim {Kkv apxâ XpSÀ bmbn AwKo-I-cn cmjv{so-b-þ-a-shv \b- Ä \ne\nâ p kmlncy sf t\cn-sp- -Xn-\pÅ AS-hp-Ifpw D]m-b- fpw cq]-s -Sp- p- -Xn\pw ASnb c `ojwnsb t\cnsp Xn\pw ]màsnsb klmbn p. \½psS ]cnanx iànsb ^e-{]-z-ambn D]- tbm-kn- p-sim v tim {Kkv Kh saâpifpss P\hncp² \S]SnIÄs Xnsc t]mcm-sphm\pw, cmpohv KmÔn Kh- saân-s\bpw ]n osv \cknwldmhp Kh sâns\bpw ]cm-p-b-s - Sp- m-\på X{ Ä sa\bphm\pw cmjv{so-b-þ-a-shv \bw \s½ {]m]vxcm n. hàkob hn]- n-t\msv t]mcm-sm\pw tim {Kkv CXc ax-\n-c-t] I nisf AWn-\n-c n _n.sp.]n 1996þ A[nImc nse p Xv XSbphm\pw CXv ]màsn v hgn-sx-fn- p. ]n o-sv, 2004-þ _n.sp.]nþf³.-un.f Kh saâns\ ]cmpbs Sp p Xn\v AXv IrXyamb Znim-t_m[w \ÂIn. H mw bp.]n.f Kh saânsâ Ime v \½psS AS-hp-]-c-amb kao]\w sxmgn-ep-d- p-]-²xn (F³.BÀ.C.Pn.F), h\mhimi \nbaw XpS nb Nne Pt\m-]-Im-c-{]-Z-amb \S-]-Sn- IÄ \S- m- n- n-«p- -Xn\v klmbicambn. XpSÀ bmbpå AShv \b Ä thdn-«p-t]m-iâ hmzw, hn`m-ko-b-x, {]mtzini k pnnxhmzw, km{ampyxz \pgªpibäw F nhtbmsv t]mcmsp Xn\pÅ amàk\nàtziw \evin. kv{xoifpw ZfnXcpw BZnhmknIfpw t\cnsp

2 2 {]iv\ Ä Gsä-Sp- p- -Xn\pw kmaqlniamb ASn aà epiäs Xnsc t]mcmsphm\pw Cu AS-hp-\bw klmbiambn. s^udâ hyhøsb kwc n p Xn\pw ti{µþkwøm\ _Ô fnâ amäw hcp phm\pw DÅ Nm m-«-an-ãm iàn-bmbn ]màsn \nesim p. 6. AShp\bw \hen_dâ \b tfmsv GtIm-]n sndp- p-\nâ v si«n- -Sp- m³ Blzm\w snbvxp. 1991þ\ptijw \S s «15 s]mxp]wn-ap-s v ssih-cn- -s «t{suv bqwn-b³ sfiy nsâ DXv] ambncp p. Ignª c p ]Xnäm pifnâ CSXp] sfiyhpw \mep CSXp] ]màsnifpss GtIm-]-\hpw ]ptcmkan pibpw iàn {]m]n pibpw snbvxp. {][m\ambn Cu Imebfhn hfà n-sb-sp AShp\bw ticf nepw {Xn]pcbnepw CSXp t\xr-xz- n-epå Kh saâp-iä Øm]n- m\pw ]Ýna_wKmfn CSXp`cWw Ac- n-«p-d- n- m\pw klm-bn p. cmpys Gähpw henb CSXp iàn-bmbn tziob cm{ãob nâ kn.]n.sf (Fw) \v hà²n txmxnâ CSs]S \S m³ Cu c c]xnäm nâ hfà n-sb- Sp- p-ibpw \S nem pibpw snbvx cmjv{sob-þ-a-shv \b- Ä CS-bm- n. 7. F mâ cmjv{so-b-þ-a-shv \bw F{X-am{Xw ]màsnbpss kzx{ amb hfà sb klm-bn- p- Ibpw hn]p-e-amb t]mcm«n\pw CSXp P\m[n]Xyap Wn si«n- -Sp- p- -Xn\papÅ kacs apt m-«p-sim- p-t]m-hp-ibpw snbvxp F v hnaài\mß-i-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-t - -Xp v. ]màsnbpss kzx{ hfà bnse t]mcm-bvabv pw CSXp P\m-[n-]-Xy-ap- Wn si«n- -Sp- p- - Xn ]ptcm-kxn t\sp- -Xnse \½psS Ign-hp-tI-Sn\pw CS-bm- nb GsX- nepw sxtäm hogvntbm D mbn«pt m F v Is - p- -Xn\v Cu c c ]Xnäm v Imes cmjv{so-b-þ-a- Shv \b- nsâ ]cn-wmaw \mw ]cn-tim-[n-t - -Xp- v. CSXpP\m[n]Xy ap Wn F k  \w 8. ] mw tim {KÊnembncp p CSXp] þp\m[n]xyap Wn F k  \w BZyambn hyà-ambn AhXcn n s «Xv. AXn\p ap¼v Ggp apxâ H³]Xv hsc DÅ tim -{K-Êp-Ifn tim {Kkv- Kh saân\v Hcp P\m[n]Xy _Zen\p-th n Bbncp p \½Ä Blzm\w snbvxncp Xv. ] mw tim {Kknse cm{ãob {]tabw CS-Xp-]- -þ-p-\m-[n-]xy ap Wnsb Xmsg ]dbpw t]mse hni-zo-i-cn p. ""Cu ap Wn si«n Sp- p-hm³ \mw \S p kacw hàk-i-àn-i-fpss ]c-kv]c _Ô- nâ amäw hcp- m-\på bxv\- nsâ `mk-amwv; c v _qàjzm-þ-`q-{]`p ]màsn-i-fnâ H ns\ sxc-sª-sp- m³ am{xw P\- Ä v Ign-bp ØnXnbpw C s hyh-øbpss N«- q-«n-\p-ånâ Ipcp- p- Xpw Ah-km-\n- n- m-\på \½psS DZy-a- n-sâ `mkamwv. FÃm CSXp] þp\m[n]xy iànisfbpw IqSp-X apt -ä- n-\mbn H n- -Wn- \nc n `mhn-bnâ P\Iob P\m[n]Xy n\på kjyw sxmgnemfn hàk nsâ t\xrxz n³iognâ si«n Sp p Xn\v ]màsn XpS w Ipdn p p. CS-Xp-]- -þ-p-\m-[n- ]Xy ap Wnsb tihew sxcªsp nt\m a{ n-k-`bvt m DÅ kjy-ambn sxän-²-cn- p- Iq-Sm. adn- v, km¼- n-i-þ-cm-jv{sob iàn-i-fpss s]mcp-xp kjy-ambpw k¼zvhyh- Øsb X -fpss ]nsn-bnâ HXp- p ]n n-cn- ³ hàk- sf Hä-s -Sp- p- -Xn-\p-apÅ s]mcp-xp kjy-ambn Xncn- -dn-b-ww.'' 9. ] mw tim {Kknse cm{ãob {]tabw _lp-p\kac sf si«gn p hnsp Xnsâ Bhiyhpw CS-Xp-]- -þ-p-\m-[n-]-xy- sfiy- nsâ ASn- d ]Wn-bp- -Xn _lpp\kwl-s-\-ifpss {][m\s «] pw ASnhcbn«p ]dbp p. ""CSXp] þp\m[n]xy ]màsn-iä v Cu henb _lp-p\ kwl-s-\-isf s]mxp t]mcm-«- n-te v BIÀjn- m³ Ign-bp-t¼mÄ am{x-ta, {]tbm-k- -a-amb CS-Xp-]- -þ-p- \m-[n-]xy ap Wn v Fs - nepw km[yx DÅq.'' 10. c maxmbn {]tabw Xmsg ]d-bp- -Xv apt m-«p-h-bv p- -Xnsâ {]m[m\yw Nq n- m-«n. ""_qàjzmþ`q{]`p ]màsn-i-fpss ]cn-]m-sn pw {]tbm-k- n\pw XoÀ pw FXncpw hyxn-cnà-hp-amb cmjv{so-b-þ-km-¼- ni ]cn-]msn km m-xvi-cn- m³ _lp-p-\- sf \bn- psim v _qàjzmþ`q{]`p ]mà«nifnâ \n v AI- p-amdm\pw Hcp _Z t\xrxz n\p Npäpw hà²n txmxnâ AWn-\n-c- p- -Xn\pw Ahsc CS-Xp-] þp-\m-[n-]xy iàn-iä {]m]vx-cm- p- p.'' 11. aq maxmbn 1978 Unkw_dnse kmâinb ¹o\w kwls\m {]tabw ]màsn-bpss h¼n hym]\ n-\på \nà m-bi LSIw Xmsg ]d-bp {]Imcw {]kvxm-hn p: ""A c nepå Hcp CSXp] þp\m[n]xy sfiyw Du«n-bp- m- p- -Xn\v kwl-s-\- I-fpsS A`q-X-]qÀÆ-amb hfà bpw A[zm-\n- p FÃm hn`mkw P\hn`mK fpss kachpw Bhiys Sp p... CXv Xncn v sxmgn-em-fn-hàk ]màsnbpssbpw iàn-bnâ A`qX]qÀÆamb hfà Bh-iy-s -Sp- p. hnhn[ kwøm\ fnse AwK fpss F w,

3 3 AhÀ GÀs -«n-«på Din-c³ {]hà -\w, aäp km{am-pyxzhncp²þ`q{]`p hncp²þ Ip I hncp² P\m-[n-]Xy iànifpw Bbn«pÅ Ah-cpsS sfiyw F nh Bhiys Sp p.'' 12. Ah-km-\-am-bn, ] mw tim {Kknse cm{ãob {]tabw C s\ Du n- -dªp: ""CS-Xp-] þ-p-\m-[n-]xy iàn-i-fpss ap -Wn-bpsS \nà½m-w- n\v sxmgnemfn hàk- n-sâbpw AXnsâ ]màsnbpssbpw kzx{ cmjv{sob {]hà -\hpw AXnsâ hà²n- p-h-cp iànbpw Bhiyam-Wv.'' CtXm-sSm- w, ap -Wn-bnse aäv LS-I- -fp-am-bpå {]Xybimkv{X kachpw \S-t - - Xm-Wv. A -s\-bm-bmâ am{x-ta, _qàjzm-þ-s]-än-_qàjzm {]Xy-b-im-kv{X- Äs Xn-cmbn sxmgnemfn hàk nsâ {]Xybimkv{Xw DbÀ n- n-sn- m-\m-hp-i-bp-åq. {]m[m\yw Ipd-bp CSXpP\m[n]Xy ap Wn 13. \mw ]n p-sà p-h cmjv{so-b-þ-a-shv \b-w CSXp] þp\m[n]xy ap Wn si«n Sp p Xc nâ \½psS {ia sf {Iao-I-cn- p- -Xn\p klm-b-iambn-cpt m F pw \½Ä ]cn-tim- [n-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. ] mw ]màsn tim {Kkv- \S p kab v {Xn]pcbnepw ]Ýn-a-_w- Km-fnepw CSXpap Wn D mbncp p. tic-f- nâ kn.]n.sf (Fw) t\xrxz nep mb kjyw ]n osv CS-Xp-]- -þ-p-\m-[n-]xy ap Wnbmbn amdn. tziobxe nâ hmàs -Sp- m- \på CS-Xp-]- -þ-p-\m-[n-]xy ap -Wn-bpsS `mkniamb Bhn-jvIm-c- -fm-bn-cp p Ah. aq c ]Xnäm n\p tijhpw Cu aq p kwøm\ fnse Cu ap WnIÄ - pdw \mw apt m«p t]mbn«nã. CSXp] þp\m[n]xy ap Wn bymà - nâ si«n- -Sp-t tzio-b-x-e- nâ bmsxmcp ]ptcmkxnbpw D mbn«nã. 14. cmjv{so-b-þ-a-shv \b- nâ Xs CXn\pÅ ImcW Ä \mw At\z-jn-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. ]Xnaq mw tim {Kkv- (1988) apxâ \mw CSXp] -þ-a-x-\n-c-t] iàn-i-fpss sfiyw NÀ sn m³ XpS nbncp p. ka-ime kmlncy nâ tim {Kkv- CXc ax-\n-c-t] _Z Du«n-bp- m-t - -Xnsâ ASn-b- c IS-abpw CSXp] -þ-p-\m-[n-]xyap Wn si«n- -Sp- p IS-abpw X½n \mw thàxn-cn-hp- m- n. ]Xn\ mw tim {KtkmsS CSXp] -þ-p-\m-[n-]-xyþ-a-x-\n-c-t] iàn-i-fpss sfiyw F ap{zmhmiyw \mw Bhn-jvI-cn- p-xp-s- n-bn-cp p. Cu kabamb-t m-tg v ]Xns\m mw ]màsn tim {Kkn BhÀ n v ]d-ªn-cp- -Xp-t]mse bmymà y-am- m-hp ap{zm-hm-iy-a-ã, hnzqc e y-am-wv CS-Xp-]- -þ-p-\m-[n-]-xy-ap- Wn F \nk-a-\- nâ \mw Gsd- psd F n-bn-cp p. {ItaW CSXp] þp\m[n]xy ap Wn F Bibs {]NmcW ap{zhmiyambn \mw Xcw-Xmgv n amänh p. CS-Xp-]- -þ-p\m-[n- ]XyþaX\nc-t] kjyw ]pxnb CS me ap{zmhmiyambn- oà p. _n.-sp.-]n-bnâ \n v thàxn-cn v tim {K-Ên-Xc _qàjzm ax\n-c-t] ]màsnisf cmpohv- KmÔn Kh -saân\v FXnsc AWn-\n-c- p- -Xn\pÅ ap{zm-hm-iy-ambn XpS- nb AXv ]n osv _n.-sp.-]n-s -Xn-cmbn D w h ap{zm-hm-iy-ambn amdn. B ASnØm\ nemwv \mw 1996 se sfiy-ap- -Wn-bnÂ, Kh saânâ ]s -Sp- msx tnà Xv-. aq mw _Z 15. sfiy-ap- -Wn-bpsS ]X\ n\p tijw ]Xn\mdmw tim {K-kn (1998) aq mw _Z F Bibw \mw apt m-«p-h p. ax\n-c-t] _qàjzm ]màsnisf ({][m\ambpw {]mtzini ]màsniä) CSXp] ]màsn-i-fp-ambn kjy- n-em- pi F Xmbncp p Bibw. tihew sxcsªsp v kjyw F -Xn-\- pdw s]mxp-]-cn-]m-sn-i-fp-sstbm Hcp-Iq«w \b- -fp-sstbm ASnØm\ nâ Bbn-cn- Ww aq mw _Z D m-th- Xv F v \mw ]Xnt\gmw ]màsn tim {Kkn hyàam n. ]Xns\«mw tim {Kkv Bb-t m-tg v Cu I nisf Hcps]mXp]cn]mSnbpsS ASn-Øm-\- nâ sim p-h-cp- -Xn-\pÅ _p²nap«piä \mw Xncn- -dn-ªncp- p. _qàjzm ax\nc-t] ]màsnifpss ImgvN- msnâ amäw hcp msx aq mw _Z cq]o- I-c-W- n-te v \o m-\m-hn-sã pw \mw Xncn dnªncp p. ]s m¼xmw tim {Kkn \mw ]d-ªxv kwbpà {]Øm-\- -fn-eq-ssbpw ka-c- -fn-eq-ssbpw am{xta ax\nc-t] _qàjzm ]màsnisf kzm[o\n m\pw s]mxp]cn]msnbpss ASn-Øm-\- nte v sim p-h-cp-hm\pw km[n pibpåq F mbn-cp- p. 16. aq mw _Z km m-xvi-cn- p- Xv IqSp-X hnzq-c-am-bn- oà -txm-ss, \nà±njvs sxc-sª-sp- p-iä mbn tim {K-Ên-Xc _qàjzm ]màsn-isf tnà v sxc-sª-sp v [mcw D m- p- Xpw aq mw _Z si«n- -Sp- p- Xpw X½n ]Xns\«mw ]màsn tim {Kknsâ cm{ãob {]tab nâ asämcp thàxn-cnhv D m- n. A s\ CSXp] þp\m[n]xy ap Wn \½psS IS-a-bpsS aq m-as L«- n-te v XÅ-s -«p. H mas L«w, tim {K-Ên-Xc _qàjzm ax-\n-c-t] ]màsn-isf tnà p-sim v Hcp \nà±njvs sxc-sª-sp- n-\mbn [mcw D m- p-isb ASn-b- c ka-ime IS-a. kwbpà {]Øm-\- fpw ka-c- fpw Du«n-bp- m n s]mxp ]cn-]m-sn-bpss ASn-Øm-\- nâ aq mw _Z cq]o-i-cn- p- Xv c mw L«w. CS-Xp] þ-p\m- [n-]xy ap Wn si«n- -Sp- pi F Xv aq m-as L«w. ]Xnt\gmw tim {Kkv- AhtemI\w

4 tebpw 1998 tebpw temivk`m sxcsªsp piä cm{ãob AShv \bw ]p\x]cn-tim-[nt - -Xnsâ Bh-iy- n\v ASnhcbn«p. CXv tim {Kknsâ]cm-P-b nâ\n v Imcy-amb apt äsam pw ]màsn v ssih-cn- m³ Ign-bm-Xn-cn- p-ibpw apjy KpW-t`m-àmhv _n.-sp.-]nbm-bn-cn- p-ibpw snbvx kml-n-cy- n-emwv. Nne {ia Ä \S nsb nepw, _qàjzm ]màsnifpambpå sfiy-ap- Wn AS-hp-Isf kw_-ôambn cmjv{so-b-þ-a-shp \bw \S- m- nb-xns\ am{xta t]mfnäv _yqtdmbv v Ah-tem-I\w sn m³ Ign-ªp-Åq. ]Xnt\gmw tim {Kkn \S AhtemI\w _qàjzm ]màsnifpambn {]txy-in v sxc-sª-sp- nsâ kml-n-cy- nâ D m- nb sfiy-ap- Wn AS-hp-Isf hniie\w sn pibpw t]mcm-bva- Ifpw hogvn-ifpw IrXyambn Nq n ImWn pibpw snbvxp. CSXp] þp\m[n]xy ap Wn XpS-cp-I-sb cm{ãob AShv \bw AhtemI\w iànbmbn kaà n p. CXns\ IrXyambn CSXp] -þ-p-\m-[n-]xy ax-\n-c-t] I ni-fp-ambn D mt hnim-e-amb sfiyw F ASn-b- c IS-a-bn \n pw aq mw _Z-en \n pw thàxncn p I p. ]s ASn-b- c ISa \S- m- p- Xv kzx{ ] v hni-kn- n- p- -Xn\pw CS-Xp-] þp\m-[n-]-xy- iàn-i-fpss {]t m`w apt m-«p-sim- p-t]m-ip- -Xn\pw XSÊw krjvsn- p- -Xmbn Ah-tem-I\w \nà m-b- I-ambn Xncn- -dnªp. 18. AXn ]dªp: ""ka-im-eni ØnXn-K-Xn-I-Ä Bh-iys Sp- -X-\p-k-cn v DbÀ p-h-cp ]màsn-bpss kzx-{ amb {]hà \s hni-kn- n- p-ibpw CS-Xp-]- -þ-p-\m-[n-]xy iàn-i-fpss ka-cs apt m-«p-sim- p-t]m-hp-ibpw sn pi F cmjv{so-b-þ-a-shp \b- nâ hyà-am- n-bn- «påxp-t]mse Xpey{][m-\yap-ÅXpw ASn-Øm-\-]-c-hp-amb IS-a-I-fn \n pw ASn-b- c cmjv{so-b-þ-sx-c-sª-sp v IS-a-Isf thàxn-cn- p- -Xn\n-S-bm- p ASn-b- c IS-a-bm-bncp p {]tbm-k- nâ apjy Nn m-hn-j-bw.'' (17þmw tim {Kkv AwKo-I-cn sfiy-ap- Wn AS-hp-I-fp-ambn _Ô-s -Sp n cmjv{so-b-þ-a-shp \b- nsâ Ah-tem-I\w). aq mw _Z Dt]- n p 19. F mâ CS-Xp-]- -þ-p-\m-[n-]-xy-ap- Wn F AS-hp-\b e y-t m-ssm w aq mw _Zen\p th nbpw ]cn-{i-an- pi F ASn-b- c ISa apt m-«p-h-bv p- Xpw cmjv{sob AS-hp-\bw XpSÀ p. \mw BZyw Cu Blz\w \ÂIn-b-ti-j-apÅ 15 hàj- n-\n-s-bnâ BhÀ n v bxv\n- n«pw {]mtbm-kn-i-amb _Z-sem pw DbÀ phcm- -Xn-\m aq mw _Z Du«n-bp- m- p Xp kw_-ôn A\p-`hw apgp-h³ \mw 20-þmw tim {K-Ên ]p\-c-h-tem-i\w snbvxp. FÃm ax-\n-c-t] {]Xn-] ]màsn-i-tfbpw Hcp s]mxp ]cn-]m-sn- p Npäpw AWn-\n-c- pi {]mtbm-kn-i-aã F \nk-a-\- n-se nb \mw B ap{zm-hmiyw Dt]- n- p. CS-Xp-] þp\m-[n- ]Xy ap Wn si«n- -Sp- pi F Xn\mWv apjyambpw {ian-t - Xv F v \mw BhÀ n- pd n p. sxc-sª-sp v AS-hp-Isf kw_-ôn- n-s-t mfw, ]màsnbpss XmÂ]-cy- Ä v Bhiy-ambn hcp- n-s- -fn-seãmw _qàjzm ax\nc-t] I nifpambn kjy nâ GÀs -Smhp- -XmWv F v cmjv{sob {]tabw {]kvxmhn p. 20. ]Xn\ mw tim {Kkv- apxâ ImemIme fnâ cq]s Sp nb cmjv{so-b-þ-a-shv \b- Ä ka-im-eni ØnXnsb t\cn-sm\pw ASn-b- c `oj-wnsb FXn-cn-Sm\pw ]änb sxcsªsp v AS-hp-Ifpw ]màesaâdn D]m-b- fpw BhnjvIcn m³ klmbn t mä Xs, C -c- nepå ASn-b- c ISaIÄ \nd-th-äp- Xv \s½ ]màsnbpss X\Xv iàn hà[n n m³ klmbn nã F pw AXn-ÃmsX cm{ãob iànifpss k p-e-\- nâ amäw hcp- m-\m-hnã F pw Xncn- -dn-tb- -Xp v. tim {Kkv-, _n.sp.]n F o c v {][m\ `cwhàk ]màsniä v Npäp-ambn cmjv{so-b-i-àn-i-fpss _em-_ew h«w-i-d- p-i-bm-wv. _n.sp.]nsb 1996-þ ti{µ nâ A[nImcw t\sp- -XnÂ\n v AI-än-\nÀ n-sb- nepw 1998 epw 1999 epw Kh saâv cq]o-i-cn- p- -Xn AhÀ hnpbn p se _n.sp.]nþf³.-un.-f-bpss ]cmpbw ] p hàjw \o p\n tim {Kkv- t\xr-xz- n-epå bp.]n.f Kh saânsâ `cw nte v \bn p. ]s, CXn-s\- p-sà v 2014þ _n.sp.]n IqSp-X iàn-tbmss Xncns p -Xn\v CXv CS-bm n. ]màsnbpss X\Xv iàn hà²n- n- p- -Xnepw CS-Xp-]- -þ-p- \m-[n-]xy iàn-ifpss apt -äap m p- -Xn-ep-apÅ ]cm-pbamwv ASn-h-c-bn«p ImWn- p- Xv. 21. \mw aq mw _Zen\v Du  simsp pi-bm-bn-cp C m-e-a-{x-bpw ]màsn-bpss X\Xv -iàn hfà n-ã F -XmWv bmymà yw. ]màsn-bpss X\Xv -iàn C m-e-b-f-hnâ hf-cm- -Xn-\m Cu ]màsn-isf kwøm-\- -fnâ sxc-sª-sp v kjy- n-te v sim p-h-cp- Xpt]mepw {]bm-k-am-bn. CubnsS \S temivk`m sxcsªsp nâ ]e {]mtzini _qàjzm ]màsnifpw \½-fp-ambn sxc-sª-sp v [mc-w-bp- m- p- -Xn\v X m-d-ãm-bn-cp- p. ax-\n-c-t] _qàjzm ]màsn-i-sf- p-dn v \mw ]d-bp-t¼mä AJn-te- ym-x-e- nâ Hcp tim {K-Ên-Xc ax-\n-c-t] ]màsn-bp-an-ã. AXn-\mÂ, aq mw _Z-en-\p-th n CS-Xp-]- -þ-p-\m-[n-]xy ax-\n-c-t] iàn-ifpss sfiyw Icp- n-sn- n- p- -Xn-\m-bpÅ \½psS \o - Ä {]mtz-ini ]màsn-isf ti{µo-i-cn- mbn amdn.

5 5 {]mtzini ]màsnifpss ] v þIÄ apxâ \½psS [mcw {]mtzini ]màsniä {]mtz-ini _qàjzm `q{]`pxz hàk sf {]Xn-\n-[m\w sn p p F mwv. AhÀ v h³ins _qàjzmknbpambn sshcp[yw Ds pw Ahsc ti{µ- nse tim {Kkv Kh saân-s\-xn-scbpw kwøm\ fpss AhImi Ä kw_-ôn {]iv\- -fnepw AWn-\n-c- m³ Ign-bp-sa- m-bn-cp- p se ]pxn-b- ]-cn-xx-øn- Xnbpw IS-a-Ifpw F kn.kn tcj-bnâ \mw AhbpsS ] v kw_-ôn v hyàx hcp- n-bn-cp- p. F mâ DZmchXvIcW nsâbpw \hen_dâ \b fpssbpw hc-hn\v tijw {]mtzini ]màsnifpss ] nâ amäw kw`-hn- p. ]Xn\mdpw ]Xnt\gpw tim {KkpIfn \mw CXv {i²n pibp mbn. ""apxemfn nsâ hnim-k-t mss {]mtzini _qàjzm `q{]`p hàk sf {]Xn-\n-[m\w sn p {]mtzini ]màsnifpss ho W nâ amäw h p.. {]mtzini _qàjzmkn DZmc-h -c-w-\-b- -fnâ X -fpss Xmev]cy Ä apt m«v sim p-t]m-im-\på Ah-k-c- Ä ImWp- -Xn-\m {]mtzini ]màsniä sshtzini aqe[\t mspå \ne-]msv amäp- Ibpw DZm-c-h -c-w-\-b- -tfmsv A\p-Iqe kao-]\w kzoi-cn- p-ibpw snbvxp.'' (]Xnt\gmw tim {Kkv-, 2002, cm{ãob {]tabw) 23. BtKmfhXvIcW nsâ BLmXhpw \hen_dâ \b fpss Zi-bnepw {]mtzini _qàjzmknbnse Nne hn`m-k- Ä h³ins _qàjzmknbpss AWn-I-fn tnà p. IqSmsX h³insbãm- Xpw h³in-s-bp-amb _qàjzmkn X½nepÅ sshcp[y nsâ iàn Ipd-ªp. XÂ^eambn F s\bmwv {]mtzini _qàjzm ]màsniä \hen_dâ \b sf BtÇ-jn- Xv F v \mw I p. kao]ime v C cw ]màsn-iä km¼ ni \b Äs Xncmb GsX- nepw kwbp-à-th-zn-bnâ hcp- -Xn\v k -²-cà F v \mw I p. am{x-aã ChÀ {KmaoW k¼- Iq«m-bvasb {]Xn\n[m\w sn p Xn\m Zcn{Z IÀjIcpw IÀj-I-s m-gn-em-fn-ifpw t\cnsp {]iv\ tfmspå Ah-cpsS kao-]\w XnI pw hyxy-kvxhp-amwv. X Ä v {]tbm- P-\-I-c-am-sW v txm p-t¼mä _n.-sp.-]n-tbmtsm tim {K-kn-t\mtSm Iq«p-Iq-Sp- -Xn AhÀ Ønc-amb Ah-k-c-hmZw {]I-Sn- n- p- p. C -s\-sbm-s -bm-sw- nepw tziob Xe- nâ s]mxp-hmb Hcp Iq«w _Z \b- Ä p-npäpw AWn-\n-c- pi F \bw \mw ]n p-sà v hcn-i-bm-bn-cp- p. Ab-YmÀ hpw sxäm-b-xp-am-sw v sxfn-bn- -s -«-Xm-WnXv. sfiyap Wn AS-hp-IÄ 24. Fgmw tim {Kkv- apxâ kwbpà {]t m-`- -fpss {]m[m\y nâ \mw Du p- p- m-bn-cp- p. hàk-þ_lpp\ {]Øm\ fpss kwbpà {]t m-`- fpw ]màsn Xe- nâ Iq«mb {]Øm-\- Ä hfà p- Xpw _qàjzm ]màsn-i-fpss kzm[o-\- n³ Iogn-epÅ P\- sf kao- ]n- p- -Xn\v \s½ {]m]vx-cm- pw. {]mtzini I nifpambn tnà v km[yamb CS- -fnâ {]iv\- sf ASn-Øm-\-am- n-bpå kwbpà {]hà \ Ä v bmsxmcp hnapjxbpw \mw Im«n qs. Du n ]d-tb hi-an-xmwv. CXv ]màsn-bpss X\Xv -] pw iànbpw hni-kn- n- p- -Xp-ambn t\cn«v _Ô-s -«n-cn- p- p. F mâ, {]mtz-ini _qàjzm ]màsn-i-fpss \ne-]m-sp-iä ImcWw sfiy-ap- Wn AS-hp-IfpsS {]tbmkw sxc-sª-sp v cwk- p- am-{x-ambn ]cn-an-x-am- - s -«p. tbmpn {]hà -\- nt\m _qàjzm {]mtz-ini ]màsn-iä P\- -fpss {]iv\- -fn-t  kwbpà {]t m-`- Ät m hcp- -Xn\v X m-dm-bn-cp- n-ã. GsX- nepw sxc-sª-sp v kjyw hcp L«- n-emwv GsX- nepw Xc- n-epå kwbpà {]N-c-W- nt\m tbmk- Ät m AhÀ k -²-am-Ip- -Xv. 25. Nne kµà` fnâ _n.-sp.-]n-s -Xnsc CSXv P\m[n]XyaX\n-c-t] iàn-isf AWn-\n-c- p- Ibpw Ah-bpsS sfiyw Du«n-bp- m- p-ibpw sn pi F Xv, tim {K-kp-ambn [mc-wbp m- pi F- at\m-`m-h- n-se n. CXv 2004þ \S B{Ô \nb-a-k`m sxc-sª-sp- nepw ]n osv HUo-j, ] m_v, almcm{ã sxcsªsp pifnepw tim {Kkpambn D m nb sxc-sª-sp v [mcwbmbn ]cnwan p. \½psS t]mcm-«- nsâ apjy-zni _n.-sp.-]ns -Xn-cm-bm-sW- nepw tim {K-kp-ambn [mc-wtbm kjytam ]msn-ã F v ]Xnt\gmw tim {Kkn (2002) \mw F nt À [mc-wbv v FXn-cm-bn-cp- p CXv. kwøm\ fnâ CSXp] P\m[n]Xy ap Wn cq]-s -Sp-  26. tziob Xe- nâ aq mw _Z AYhm CSXp] P\m[n]Xy ax\n-c-t] _Z DbÀ n- Im-«m-\pÅ bxv\- Ä ]màsn-bpss kzx-{ -amb ] v hni-kn- n- p- -Xn\v DX-Ip- -Xm-bn-cp- n-ã. tziob Xe- ntem kwøm\ Xe- ntem (ZpÀ_e kwøm-\- -fnâ F nepw) ax-\n-c-t] _qàjzm ]màsn-i-fp-ambn kjy- Ä D m- m-\på \o w CS-Xp-] P\m-[n-]-Xy-ap- Wn F ]²Xn ]n p-s-cp- -Xn\v hnlm-x-am-bn. _qàjzm-þ-`q-{]`p ]màsn-i-fpss \b- Ä pw \S-]- Sn pw hyà-ambpw ià-ambpw FXn-cmb cmjv{sob km¼- ni ]cn-]msn apt m«v sh pi F IS-a v ka-im-eni ØnXn t\cn-sm-\mbn Hcp aq mw-_-zâ si«n- -Sp- pi F ASn-b- c AShv \bw Iogvs -Sp- -s -«p. _qàjzm-þ-`q-{]`p ]màsn-i-fpss (Hmtcm kwøm-\-s bpw {]apj {]mtz-ini _qàjzm ]màsn DÄs ss) \b- -fnâ \n pw {]tbm-k- nâ \n pw hyxy-

6 6 kvx-amb A -c-samcp ]cn-]msn apt m«v sh p-sim- -ÃmsX AXns\ ASn-Øm-\-s -Sp- nb aqà -amb ap{zm-hm-iy- -fn-t  ka-c- Ä \S- p-ibpw {]Øm-\- Ä hfà p-ibpw snbvxp sim -ÃmsX _qàjzm cmjv{sob ]màsn-isf A\p-Iq-en- p _lp-p-\- sf \½psS hi- m- m³ Ign-bn-Ã. 27. CS-Xp-] t\xr-xz- n-ep-å-ap- Wn \ne-\nâ p ià-amb kwøm-\- -fnâ sndnb _qàjzm ]màsnifpam-bpå _Ôw CSXp] P\m[n]Xy ]cn-]msn DbÀ- n- m-wn- p- -Xn\v \ap v XS-Ê-am-Ip- nã. F mâ, ZpÀ_e kwøm-\- -fnâ \mw IqSp-X iivx-amb {]mtzini ]màsn-i-fp-ambn Iq«p-Iq-Sp- Xv CSXp] P\m-[n-]-Xy-ap- -Wn-sbbpw AXnsâ ]cn-]m-snsbbpw DbÀ n mwn- p- -Xns\ XS-k-s -Sp- p- p. ]e-t mgpw \mw CS-Xp-] P\m-[n-]-Xyap- -Wn-bn AWn-\n-c- p- -Xn\v B{K-ln- p hàk- -fpss ka-c- fpw {]Øm-\- fpw {]mtz-ini ]màsn-iä \bn- p kwøm\ Kh saâp-iäs -XncmtI- Xmbn hcpw. Nne kwøm-\- -fnâ {]mtz-ini ]màsn tim {K-kn-t\- mfpw _n.-sp.-]n-sb- mfpw Gsd ià-ambn-cn- pw. A cw kµà`- -fnâ \½psS {]Nm-c-Whpw ka-c- fpw {]ap-j-amb {]mtz-ini ]màsn-s -Xnscbpw Xncn- p-hn-ts- -Xp- v. ticf nepw {Xn]pcbnepw ]Ýna_wKm-fnepw CS-Xp- ] P\m-[n-]-Xy-iàn-I-fpsS ap Wn apt -dn-b-xp-t]mse aäp kwøm\ fnepw CSXp] P\m-[n-]-Xy-i-àn-I-fpsS AWn-\n-c- -en\v AS-hp-\bw amàk-\nàt±iw \ÂI-Wsa v \mw kzm HmÀt - -Xp v. ax\n-c-t] _qàjzm ]màsn-isf kjy- n\pw AWn-\n-c- pi F AJnte ym \bw ]e-t mgpw kwøm-\ fnâ CS-Xp-] P\m-[n-]-Xy-i-àn-Isf AWn-\n-c- p- -Xn \n pw \s½ hyxn-n-en- n- p- p. 28. ]màsnbpss XmÂ]-cy- Ä pw CSXp] P\m[n]Xy iànisf AWn-\n-c- p Xn\m-bpÅ XmÂ]-cy- Ä pw A\p-tbm-Py-amIp kwøm-\- -fnâ {]mtz-ini ]màsn-i-fp-ambn [mcw D m- pi F sxc-sª-sp v AS-hp-IÄ ]màsn v kzoi-cn- m\mipw. F mâ CXv Hcn- epw ax-\n-c-t] _qàjzm ]màsnisf tziob kjy- n-te v sim p-h-cni F GsX- nepw AJn-te ym \b- n\v Iogvs -Sp- n-bm-bn-cn- -cp-xv. ]Xnt\gmw tim {Kkv Ah-tem- I\- dnt mà«nâ hyà-am- -s -«n-«på icn-bmb kao]\w a\ênâ sh p-sim- p-thww \mw sxcsªsp p [mcwifnâ GÀs -ts -Xv. hg apå AShv \bw 29. cm{ãob kml-n-cy- -fnâ BI-kvan-I-amb amä fp mhmw. _qàjzm ]màsniä X½nepw Ahbv p-ånâ Xs bpw ]pxnb sshcp[y Ä s]m«n- p-d-s -Smw. cm{ãob ]màsniä ]nfàt m Ah X½n tnàt m ]pxnb ]màsniä cq]o-i-cn v, amä- Ä v hnt[-b-amimw. C cw ØnXn-K-Xn-IÄ ssiimcyw sn m³ hg apå AShpIÄ Bhn-jvI-cn-t - -Xm-Wv. Iq«mb ka-c- Ä mbpå \½psS \o - Ä v \nà±n-jvs-amb cmjv{so-bhpw P\-Io-b-hp-amb {]iv\- -sf B[m-c-am- n-bpå kwbpà thzn-iä cq]-s -Sp-t nhcmw. X\Xv iàn 30. Ignª c p ZimÐ fnâ XpSÀ -bmbn \mw AwKo-I-cn- n-«på cmjv{so-b-þ-a-shv \b- -fnâ ]màsnbpss X\Xv iàn hà²n- n-t -Xnsâ BhiyIX \mw Du n- -d-bm-dp- v. ]màsnbpss kzx-{ -amb ] pw ASn-Øm\ hàk- Ä n-s-bn-epå {]hà \ fpw hni-kn- n- p-sim p am{xta AJn-te ym Xe- nâ ]màsnsb ià-am- m³ Ign-bq. kmâ nb ¹o\- nsâ {]tab nâ Du n ]d-ª-xp-t]mse CSXp] P\m-[n-]-Xy-ap- Wn Du«n-bp- m- p- - Xn\pÅ ap p-]m-[n-bm-wv CXv. ]n osv ]Xnt\gmw tim {Kkv {]tab nâ C s\ Nq n- m«n: ""kn.]n.sf (Fw) AJn-te ym Xe nâ iàn {]m]n msx CSXp] P\m-[n-]-Xyap Wn si«n- -Sp- p- -Xn-te v apt -dm³ Ign-bnÃ.'' 31. ]t ]màsnbpss X\Xv iàn hà²n n p Xn ]ptcm-kxn ssih-cn- m³ \ap v Ign- ªnÃ. Ignª c c ZiI fmbn tziob Xe nâ ]màsnbpssbpw AJn-te ymxe- nâ hàk-þ-_-lp-p-\-kw-l-s-\-i-fp-ssbpw AwKXz nâ {Ia-amb ]ptcm-kxn ssih-cn- p. ]Xn\memw tim {Kknsâ Ime- p- m-bn-cp 5.8 e w AwK fnâ \n v Ccp]Xmw tim {Kkv Bbt mä ]màsn AwKXzw e w Bbn hà²n- p. _lp-p-\-kw-l-s\m AwKXzw sam - nâ 14-þmw tim {Kkv Ime v 2.88 timsn-bm-bn-cp- Xv 20-þmw tim {Kkv thf-bnâ 6.10 timsn-bmbn DbÀ p. F mâ Cu hà²\ apjy-ambn ti{µo-i-cn- n-cn- p- Xv aq v kwøm-\- -fn-em-wvþ]ýn-a-_w-kmä, ticfw, {Xn]pc F n-h-bnâ. Cu aq p kwøm-\- -fnse ]màsn AwKXzw Ct m-gs sam w AwK- -fpss 73 ixam\w hcpw. ASp c p henb kwøm- \- -fmb Xangv\m«nsebpw (Ahn-`à) B{Ôm-{]-tZinsebpw ]màsn AwK-Xz- n-sebpw _lp- P-\-kw-L-S\m AwK-Xz- n-sebpw hà²\ ]màsn-bpss kzm[o-\- nepw X\-Xmb i-àn-bnepw Fs - nepw Imcy-amb hfà sb kqnn- n- p- n-ã. sxc-sª-sp- -Sn-Øm-\- nâ Cu c v kwøm-\- -fnepw CSnhv D m-bn-«p-ap v.

7 7 32. CXv ImcWamWv ]Xns\«mw tim {Kkn (2005þÂ) AhXcn n cmjv{sob kwl-s\m dnt mà«nâ \mw C s\ tcj-s -Sp- n-bxv. ""]màsn AwK-Xz- nsebpw _lp-p-\-kw-l-s\m AwK-Xz- n-sebpw hà²-\, AWn-\n-c-  tijn, ]màsn-bpss sxc-sª-sp v tijn F nh Cu Ime-b-f-hn ]màsn hnimkw {]m]n p F v ImWn- p- nã. sam - n-epå ØnXn ]màsn Ià-amb kwøm-\- - fnâ AXnsâ iàn \ne-\nà p p F pw ]e ZpÀ_e kwøm-\- -fnepw {]tzi fnepw kmh-[m\w bn- p p F p-am-wv.'' AXn-\p-tijw ZpÀ_e kwøm-\- -fnâ ØnXn sa -s -«n-«n-ã. AtXm-sSm w ]Ýn-a-_w-Km-fn \½psS ]n p-w-bnâ CSnhpw D m-bn-«p v. \hen_dâ apxem-fn nsâ Zi 33. \hen_dâ \b Ä v FXnscbpw, _qàjzmþ`q{]`p hyh-øbvs Xnscbpw sxmgn-em-fn-hàks bpw IÀj-I-P-\-km-am-\y-s bpw IÀj-I-sXm-gn-em-fn-I-sfbpw A[zm-\n- p P\- -fpss aäv hn`m-k- -sfbpw AWn-\n-c n t]mcm-spi F ISabmWv \mw apt m«v sh n-«påxv.- A- txm-ssm w {]Xy-b-imkv{X ka-chpw kmaq-ly-amb ASn- -aà -en-s\-xn-cmb ka-chpw \mw \S- -Ww. Cu ka-c- -fp-ssbpw {]Øm-\- -fp-ssbpw apt -äs bmwv ]màsn-bpss apt -ähpw kzx-{ -amb hfà -bpw ASn-Øm-\-]-c-ambpw B{i-bn- n-cn- p- Xv se DZm-c-h -c-w- n-\p-tijw \h-en-_-dâ \b- -fpss hc-hn-s\ p-sà v apxemfn hnik\ amxr-i-bnâ ]qà -amb amäw D m-bn. DÂ]m-Z\ {]{In-b-I-fnepw kaq-l- nepw hnhc kmt -Xn-I-hnZy {]NÞ-amb kzm[o\w snep- n. \h-en-_-dâ apx-em-fn- - nsâ Cu Zisb Ipdn v ka-{k-amb [mc-w-bn-se- p- -Xn ImeXma-k-ap- m-bn. CXp- m- nb AKm-[- amb amä- -sfbpw hnhn[ hàk- -fn-ep m nb BLm-Xs bpw hni-i-e\w sn m-sx, sxmgnemfn hàkw, IÀjIÀ, bphm- Ä, hnzymà n-iä, aäv hn`m-k- Ä F n-h-bpss hnhn[ _lp-p-\-{]-øm-\- Ä hni-kn- m- mt\m icn-bmb ap{zm-hm-iy- fpw AS-hp-Ifw Bhn-jvI-cn- mt\m Ign-bn-Ã. ""hnhn[ hn`mkw P\- -fpss Pohn-X-s _m[n- p \h-en-_-dâ \b- - fpss kmi-ey-t msv s]mcp-xp-i-bmwv apjy-i-sa'' (20þmw tim {K-kv) F v \mw {]kvxm-hn- ncp-s - nepw _lp-p-\-{]-øm-\- Ä mbn icn-bmb AS-hp-Ifpw ap{zm-hm-iy- fpw Bhn-jvI-cn- p-ibpw hàk-k-a-c- Ä hfà p-ibpw sn pi F IS-asb \mw th {X ssiimcyw snbvxn-cp n-ã. ti{µ-i-½n-än-bpss Ah-tem-I\ dnt mà«v Xocp-am-\n- Xp t]mse, hnhn[ hàk- - fnepw taj-e-i-fnepw D mb amä- -fpss aqà -amb ]T\w \mw \S- n-bn-«p- v. B ASn-Øm- \- nâ aqà -amb AS-hp-Ifpw ap{zm-hm-iy- fpw Bhn-jvI-cn- m\pw 21-þmw tim {K-knsâ cmjv{sob AShv \b- nâ Ahsb DÄs m-ån- m\pw Ign-b-Ww. 35. `q{]-`p- fpw [\ni Irjn- mcpw Icm-dp-Imcpw h³ins hym]m-cn-ifpw aäpw tnà \m«n³-]pd v {KmaoW k¼ Iq«mbva D mbn-«p v F v \mw Imtem-Nn-X-am- nb ]màsn ]cn-]m-snbnâ tcj-s -Sp- n-bn-«p v. Cu hàk-hp-ambn«mwv Zcn{Z Irjn- m-cp-ssbpw IÀj-I-s m-gn-em-fn- I-fpsSbpw sshcp-²y- Ä hfà n-«påxv. Zcn{Z Irjn- m-cp-ssbpw IÀj-I-sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fpsSbpw {]iv\- Ä Gsä-Sp v {]Øm-\ n\v B Zni-bneqsS amàk-\nàt±iw \ÂIm³ \ap v Igntªm? C s\ sn p- Xnep mb ]cm-p-b- nsâ ImcW fn-sem v {KmaoW k¼ Iq«mbvasb {]Xn-\n-[m\w sn p {]mtz-ini _qàjzm ]màsn-isf \mw `mhn-bnse sxc-sª- Sp v kjyi ni-fmbn ImWp- -Xm-Wv. 36. `cw-hàk- -fpss IÂ]\ {]Im-c-am-Wv \hen_dâ \b Ä ]n p-s-cp- Xv. GsX- nepw Hcp ti{µ-kà mà am{x-aã AXn-\p-th n hmzn- p- -Xv se \c-knw-l-dmhp kà mà apxâ XpSÀ -bmbn A[n-Im-c- nâ h FÃm ti{µ kà m-cp-ifpw AtX ]mxbmwv ]n p-sà Xv. Imem-Im-e- -fnâ \mw Cu his th {X Kuch nse-sp- n-ã. hàkob hn]- ns\ AIäp- -Xnsâ t]cnâ sfiy-ap- Wn Kh saânsâ s]mxp an\naw ]cn-]msn (kn.-fw.-]n)-bnâ \½fpw I n- tnà p. DZm-c-h -cwþkz-im-cy-hâ -cw \b- Ä ]n p-s-cp-i-bm-bn-cp p AXnsâ apjy-]m-x. ]n osv 2004  \mw bp.-]n.-f-kà m-cn\v ]pdsa \n v ]n pw \ÂIn. AXv icn-bmb \S-]-Sn-bm-bn-cp- p. F mâ s]mxp an\naw ]cn-]msn hgn bp.-]n.-f-kà m-cnsâ apjy Du  \h-en-_-dâ \b- Ä \S- m- pi Xs -bm-bn-cp- p. 37. \h-en-_-dâ ]cn-jvim-c- Âs -Xn-cmb ka-c- nsâ asämcp hiw CS-Xp-]- -t\-xr-xz- n-epå Kh saâv \S- m-t kao-]-\hpw \S-]-Sn-Ifpw kw_-ôn- m-bn-cp- p. \mw \bn Kh saâp-i-fnâ Gä-hp-a-[nIw Imew \ne-\n ]Ýn-a-_w-Km-fnse CS-Xp-ap- Wn Kh saân\v Cu {]iv\w ssiimcyw snt Xmbn h p. hyh-kmbhâ -c-w- n\v `qan Gsä-Sp- p {]iv\- nâ Cu kaky ap n-te v h p. \µn-{km-anepw aäp Nne ]²-Xn-IÄ pw `qan Gsä-Sp- m-\på \nàt±iw Irjn- mà n-s-bnse Nne hn`m-k- s-f A\y-h -cn p -Xn-\n-Sbm n. AJn-te ym Xe- nâ AXv ho n- -s -«Xv \h-en-_-dâ hmgvnbv v Iogn `qan I - S- m-\på timà -td-äp-i-fpss AP- -bpss `mk-am-bm-wv. B {]iv\- n\v ]Ýn-a-_w-Km-fnÂ

8 8 \mw henb hne simsp-t n h p; AJn-te ym Xe- nâ ]màsn-bpss {]Xn-Ñm-bbv v a - teâ n- pibpw snbvxp. \h-en-_-dâ \b- Ä \ne-hn-ep-cp Ime v CS-Xp-ap- Wn Kh saânsâ `cw Imem-h-[n-bpsS Ahkm\ ]Xn-äm- nâ \S- m- s «\b- Ä hnaài-\- ]-c-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-t - -Xp- v. AXnÂ\n v \mw DNn-X-amb ]mt- Ä DÄs m-tå- -Xp- v. F nâ am{xta `mhn-bnâ Bhiyw hcp-t¼mä DNn-X-amb {]hà \]²-Xn v cq]w \ÂIm³ \ap v {]m]vxnbp- m-iq. 38. AwKo-I-cn-t Imcyw BtKm-f-hÂIrXþ\-h-en-_-d hmgvnbv v Iogn \S- n-em- nbn-«på {]{In-b-IÄ CS-Xp-]- s kw_-ôn- n-s-t mfw ]pxnb ka-ky-iä D -bn- n-cn- p p F pw sxmgn-em-fn-hàk- n-sâbpw Irjn- m-cp-ssbpw hnzymà n-i-fp-ssbpw bphm- -fp-ssbpw {]Øm-\- Ä hfà n-sb-sp- p- -Xn\v {]Xn-Iq-e-amb kml-n-cy- Ä krjvsn ncn- p p F pam-wv. \S- n-en-cn- p {]{In-b-IÄ \mw a\-kn-em-t - Xpw ]pxpxpw A\p-tbm-Py-hp-amb AShp-Ifpw kwl-s\m coxn-ifpw X m-dm-t - Xpw AXy- m-t]- n-x-am-wv. AXm-bn-cn pw ]màsnbpss X\Xv iàn-bpss hfà -bv på ASn-Øm-\w. cmjv{sob AShp\bw \S- m- p- -Xnse hogvniä 39. cmjv{sob AShv \b- nsâ hnhn[ hi- Ä \S- m- p XnÂ, Hmtcmtcm kµà`- -fnsebpw hne-bn-cp- -enâ Nne sxäp-ifpw hogvn-ifpw kw`-hn- n«p v. ka-im-eni AShv \b- nsâ ASn-Øm-\- n-emwv hnhn[ s]mxp sxc-sª-sp- p-i-fnâ \mw sxc-sª-sp v AS-hp-IÄ v cq]w \ÂIn-bXv. Ch ]n osv Ah-tem-I\w sn -s -«p. sxämb Nne hne-bn-cp- -ep-ifpw ]ni- Ip-Ifpw Xncn- -dn-ªn«p-ap v. DZm-l-c-W- n\v, sxc-sª-sp v {]N-c-W- n-\n-s-bnâ t\xrxzw \S- nb Nne {]kvxm-h-\iä \mw tim {K-k-\p-Iqe \ne-]m-smwv ssis m-åp- -sx {]XoXn ]c- nbxmbn 1999 se temivk`m sxc-sª-sp- nsâ Ah-tem-I-\- nâ {]kvxm-hn- n- «p- v. tim {K-kp-ambn kl-i-cn- p- -Xn\v \mw AXoh XÂ]-c-cm-sW {]XoXn A cw {]kvxm-h-\-iä krjvsn p F v kzbw hnaài-\-]-c-ambn hne-bn-cp- -s «p. sxc-sª-sp- n-\ptijw aq mw _Z ]p\à\nà½n- p- -Xns\ \mw Kuc-h-ambn I ncp- nã F pw ImWp-Ibp- mbn. sxc-sª-sp v {]N-c-W- n-\nsbnâ ]màsn ti{µw \S- nb hne-bn-cp- -enâ tim {K-knsâ iàn AXn-cp-I-S v axn- -s -«p se temivk`m sxc-sª-sp- nâ tziob Xe- n-â hnizm-ky-amb sxc-sª-sp v _Z \ne-hn-en-ãm-xn-cns _Z Kh saâv F ap{zm-hmiyw DbÀ n-bxv sxäm-bn-cp p F pw \mw Ah-tem-I\w snbvxv \nk-a-\- n-se- nbncp p. 40. \½psS AS-hp-IÄ \S- m- p- Xn Nne ]ng-hp-iä D m-bn þ99 Ime v sfiy-ap- Wn Kh sa-âns\ \mw ]n m- n-b-t mä B Imes \½psS ] v \mw Ah-tem-I\w snbvxncp p; Kh saânsâ DZm-c-h -cwm\p-iqe \b- -fnâ \n v th {X AI p \nâ p- Xn \mw ]cm-p-b-s -s«\nk-a-\- n-se- n. IqSmsX Kh saâns\ \ne- \nà pi F Imcy- nâ \mw apgp-inbxp aqew \½psS {i² _lp-p-\-k-a-c- fpw _lp-p- \-{]-Øm-\- fpw si«n- -Sp- p- -Xn \n v AI-em-\n-S-bm- n. 41. bp.]n.f Kh saân\v \ÂIn- h ]n pw 2008 Pqssebn ]n³hen- Xocp-am-\s 20þmw ]màsn tim {Kkv Ah-tem-I\w sn p-ibpw B ka-b v ]n pw ]n³h-en- p-ib-ãmsx aäv amàk-ap- m-bn-cp- nã F \nk-a\ n-se- p-ibpw snbvxp. F mâ ]n pw ]n³h-en- Xv t\c-s, 2007 HIvtSm-_Àþ\hw-_-dn BtI- n-bncp- p; AXm-b-Xv, Kh saâv sf.-f.-c.-fbp-ambn kw`m-j-w- n\v apxnà Ah-k-c- nâ Xs ]n pw ]n³h-en-t - -Xm-bn-cp- p. B kab v AXv sn m-xn-cp- Xv ]ni-im-bn-cp p. X{ -]c-amb -k-jy- nsâ `mk-ambn BWh-I-cmÀ ]n p-s-cp- -Xn `c-w-hàk- Ä pw Ata-cn- ³ km{am-py-xz- n-\p-apå \ný-b- ZmÀVyhpw tijnbpw ]n.-_n-bpw kn.-knbpw Ipd pi p. \½psS iàn-sbbpw kw`-h- sf kzm[o-\n- m-\på tijn-sbbpw \mw AXncp IS v axn- p. kw`m-j-w- Ä mbn sf.-f.-c.-fbn-te v t]mim³ kà m-cns\ A\p-h-Zn- Xpw IcmÀ \S- m- p- -Xn-te v \o nã F [mcw tim {Kkv ]men- p-sa {]Xo- bpw sxäm-bn-cp- p. 42. asäm-c-h-k-c- nâ Nq n- m-«n-b-xp-t]mse, hàkob iàn-isf sndp- p- -Xn-\pÅ {]hà -\- Ä hni-kn- n- p- Xnepw Nne ZuÀ_-ey- Ä D m-bn-cp- p. hàkob iàn-isf sndp- p- - Xn-\pÅ amàk \nàt±iw cmjv{so-b-þ-a-shv \bw \ÂIn-sb- nepw,hàkob iàn-i-tfmsv s]mcp- Xp Xn\v, {]txy-in v kmaq-ly-þ-kmw-kvim-cni aþe -fnâ \S-]-Sn-I-sf-Sp- m³ {]mtbm-kn-i- X-e- nâ kzoi-cn \o - Ä A]-cym-]vX-ambncp- p. AtX-t]m-se-X-s, AShv \b- nâ \nàt±-in- -Xp-t]msebpÅ kmaqly {]iv\- Ä Gsä-Sp- p- -Xnepw ]màsn- p mb ]cm-pbw XpSÀ -bm-bpå ]màsn tim {K-kp-IÄ {i²n- n-cp- p. 43. cmjv{so-b- A-Shp\bw \S- m- p- -Xnse ]ni-ip-ifpw sxäp-i-fpw AXnÂ\n v Dcp- n-cn-ªp-hcp sxc-sª-sp v AS-hp-Ifpw AS-hp-]-c-amb e y- -fn-te v apt -dm-\på \½psS {]m]vxn pd-hn\v Imc-W-am-bn-«p- v.

9 9 hàko-b-x-b-s -Xn-cm-bpÅ t]mcm«w 44. _n.sp.]n A[nImc nencn- p-t¼mä \½psS B{I-a-W- nsâ {][m\ Zni AXn\p t\sc-bm- I-Ww. ]t, CXn\À w tim {K-kp-ambn sxc-sª-sp v [mcw F m-bn- q-sm. \h-en-_-dne-k- n-s\-xnsc t]mcm-spi F {][m\ IS-a-sb hàko-b-xbvs -Xn-cmb t]mcm-«- n\v Iogvs - Sp- p kao-]-\-hp-ambn qsm. hàko-b-xbvs Xn-cmb t]mcm-«s bpw \h-en-_-dâ \b- Äs -Xnscbpw, P\- -fpss D]-Po-h-\- n-\mbpå t]mcm-«s bpw kw_-ôn \½psS kao-]\- nâ hyxn-cn-àx D m-bn- q-sm. BÀ.Fkv.Fkn\pw _n.sp.]n pw FXn-cmb t]mcm«s sxsc-sª-sp v AS-hmbn am{xw Npcp- n- q-sm. A[zm\n p P\ fpss sfiys XIÀ p hàko-b-x-bvs -Xn-cmb \½psS t]mcm-«- nsâ `mk-am-w-xv. \h-en-_- dâ \b- fpw _qàjz-þ-`q-{]`p hyh-øbpw krjvsn- p Akw-Xr-]vXnsb hgnxncn- p-hn-sm³ `c-w-hàk- Ä D]-tbm-Kn- p D]-I-cWw IqSn-bm-W-Xv. `qcn-] hàko-b-x-bp-ss DZbw \yq\- ] hàko-b-xbv ns-bm- p p. AXns\bpw sndpt- - -Xp- v. \½psS [mc-w-b-\p-k-cn v \h-en-_-dâ \b- Ä pw hàko-b-x pw FXn-cmb t]mcm-«- Ä ]c-kv]c _Ôn-X- -fm-wv. P\- -fpss D]-Po-h-\- n\v th n-bpå ka-cs hàko-biàniä pw lnµpxz {]Xybimkv{X n\pw FXn-cmb t]mcm-«-hp-ambn kwtbmpn n- p kao-]\amwv th -Xv. Cu ka-c- sf GtIm-]n- n p sim p am{xta hàko-biàniäs -Xn-cmbn \ap v _lp-p-\-]n- p-w BÀÖn- m³ Ign-bq. kmaqly ImgvN- m-snâ t\m n-bmâ lnµpxz hàko-b-xbv-s -Xncmb t]mcm«n\v PmXn pw kv{xoiä ASn- -aà -s -Sp- -Xn\pw FXn-cmb kacw IqSn Bhiy-amWv; ImcWw, lnµpxz {]Xy-bimkv{Xw PmXn hyh-ø-bnepw ]pcp-jm-[n-]-xy- nepw A[njvTn-X-am-Wv. 45. hàkob iàniä DbÀ p A]IS nsâ ]Ým- -e- nâ, ax-\n-c-t]- -þ-p\m-[n-]xy iàn-i-fpss hnim-e-amb sfiy- n-\mbn \mw bxv\n- -Ww. hàko-b-x-bvs -Xn-cmb IqSpX hym]-i-amb AWn-\n-c- -en\v A cw kwbpà thzn-iä Bh-iy-am-Wv. F mâ A cw thzn-isf sxc-sª-sp v kjy- Ä på ASn- -d-bmbn ImW-cp-Xv. ]màesaâdnkw 46. ]màe-saâ-dnkw F Xv Hcp ]cnjvicwhmz ImgvN msv BWv, AXv ]màsnbpss {]hà- -\- sf sxcsªsp v {]hà -\- nepw ]màsnbpss apt äw apjy-ambn sxc-sª-sp v t]mcm-«- nepw IqSn Dd v hcp- m-sa hymtam-l- n-ep-ambn ]cn-an-x-s -Sp- p- p. AXv _lp-p\ {]Øm-\- Ä kwl-sn- n- p {]hà \s bpw ]màsn si«n- -Sp- ens\bpw {]Xy-bimkv{Xkacw \S- -en-s\bpw Ah-K-Wn- p- -Xn\nS-bm- p- p. _lp-p\ {]Øm-\- -sfbpw cmjv{sob ka-cs bpw iàn-s -Sp- p- Xn\v ]màe-saâ-dn-bpw -]màe-saânxc-hp-amb {]hà -\- sf Iq«n-tbm-Pn- n-t - -Xp v. 47. cmjv{sob AS-hp-\bw Cu hi- n\v th {X {]m[m\yw \ÂtI- -XmWv. ]màsn-bpss kzx-{ amb ] v iàn-s -Sp- epw CS-Xp-] P\m-[n-]-Xy-ap- Wn (AsXmcp hàkm-sn-øm-\- n-epå kjy-am-wv, sxc-sª-sp v kjy-a-ã) si«n- -Sp- epw Bbn-cp p {i²mti{µ-sa- nâ C p \mw {]tbm-k- nâ ImWp sxc-sª-sp v AS-hp-I-fn ti{µo-i-cn- p- Xpw _qàjzm ]màsn-i-fpambn sxc-sª-sp v [mcw D m- m³ {ian- p- Xpw sxc-sª-sp- ns\ B[m-c-am- n am{xapå _Z DbÀ n-s m v hcp- Xpw Hgn-hm- m³ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp- p. 48. \h-en-_-dâ kwhn-[m-\hpw h³ ]W- n-sâbpw timà]-tdäv am[y-a- -fp-ssbpw cmjv{so-b- nte- på IS phchpw ]màe-saâdn P\m-[n-]-Xys ]cn-an-x-s -Sp- n-s m- n-cn- p- p. CXpw IW- n-se-sp-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. sxcsªsp v cwk- på {]hà -\s \mw Ah-K-Wn- Wsat m Ipd p ImWn- Wsat m Aà CXn\À w. bymà - nâ ]màsn AXnsâ kzx-{ -amb ] v sxc-sª-sp v t]mcm-«- -fnâ cmjv{so-b-ambn DbÀ n-im-«-ww. kzx-{ -amb ] pw {]hà -\- fpw iàn-s -Sp- m- -Xp-sIm pw hàkþ_lp-p-\- -k-a-c- Ä hfà n-sb- Sp- m- -Xp-sIm pw Ch-bn-eq-sS \½psS kzm[o\s kwl-s\m]c-ambn Ac- n-«p-d- n- m³ \ap v Ign-bm -Xp-sIm pw DÅ ZuÀ_eyw aqe-amwv sxc-sª-sp v cwks \½psS {]hà \w ZpÀ_-ehpw tami-ambn kwl-sn- n- -s -«Xpw BIp- -Xv. D]kwlmcw 49. \ne\nâ p kmlncy sf t\cnsm\pw tim {K-kn-t\mSpw _n.-sp.-]n-tbmspw t]mcm-sp- - Xn\v icn-bmb sxc-sª-sp v AShv s]mxp-hnâ Bhn-jvI-cn- m\pw AXm-Xp-Im-es cmjv{sob-þ-a-s-hp-\-b- Ä \s½ klm-bn- n-«p- v. cmjv{sob AShp \b- Ä CSXp] sfiyw iàns -Sp- m\pw CSXp] t\xr-xz- nepå kwøm\ Kh saâpiä cq]oicn m\pw Ahsb Ac- n-«p-d- n- p- -Xn\pw klmbn n«p v. 50. kaq-l- nepw hàk- -fnepw \hen_dâ apxemfn w D m- p BLm-Xs Ipdn- på ka-{k-amb [mcw D m- p- -Xn h Ime-Xm-akw, A[zm-\n- p P\- -fpss ka-c- fpw

10 10 {]Øm-\- fpw si«n- -Sp- p- -Xn\v Bh-iy-amb Znim-t_m[hpw Du epw \ÂIp- -Xns\ ZpÀ_-e-am- n. 51. s]mxp]cn]msnbpss ASnØm\ nâ aq mw _Z t]mepå Hcp Xm m-eni ap -Wnbmbn CS-Xp-] P\m-[n-]Xy ax-\n-c-t] ]màsn-i-fpss kjys DbÀ pi F ISa cmjv{sob AS-hp-\bw Bhn-jvI-cn- p-h-cn-i-bm-bn-cp- p. Cu At\zjWw \njv^-e-am-bn-cp- p. {]Øm-\- -sfbpw ka-c- -sfbpw hfà n-s m v ]màsn-bpss kzx{ iàn hfà pi F e y- nâ\n v hyxn-n-en- m\pw Nne-t mä XpSÀ -bm-bpå kà m-cp-i-fpss \h-en-_- dâ \b- Äs -Xnsc t]mcm-sp- -Xn\v apjy ]cn-k-w\ \ÂIp- -Xn\v {]m[m\yw \ÂIm-Xn-cn- p- -Xn\pw CS-bm- n. 52. CXn-sâ-sbÃmw Hcp {][m\ A\- -c-^ew CS-Xp-] P\m-[n-]-Xy-ap- -Wnsb bmymà y-am- mhp e y-am-ip- -XnÂ\n v Hgn-hm- p-ibpw Hcp {]N-cW ap{zm-hm-iy-ambn amäp-ibpw Bbn-cp- p. \h-en-_-dâ hyh-ø-bpss bmx-\-iä t\cn-sp hnhn[ hn`m-kw A[zm-\n- p P\- - fpss ka-c- fpw kwbpà {]t m-`- fpw \nc- cw si«n- -Sp- p-ibpw XmsgXe- nâ kwtbm-pn- -s «coxn-bnâ hàko-b-x-tbmsv t]mcm-sp-ibpw F apjy-e- y- nâ \n på hyxn-n-e-\hp-am-bn-cp p CXv. kzoi-cn-t \S-]-Sn-IÄ 53. cmjv{sob AS-hp-\-b- nsâ hnaài-\m-ßi ]p\x]cn-tim-[\ \s½ Xmsg ]d-bp \nk-a-\- -fnte v F n-t - -Xm-Wv. 54. CSXp] P\m[n]Xy ap WnbpsS ap³k-w-\bpw AXn-\p- ]n- nâ hàk- sf AWn-\n-c- p ]cn-]m-snbpw ]p\xøm]n- Â. (] mw tim {KÊn AwKo-I-cn- -s «Imew apxâ) Cu ap -Wn-bpsS kz`m-h- n-\v IqSp-X Ig-¼p- m- p Imcys p-dn v \mw IqSp-X Nn n-t - n-bn-cn- p- p. CXnsâ `mk-ambn CS-Xp-] sfiy nsâ Bghpw ]c pw hà[n n m³ \mw kxzc\s]sniä kzoicnt XmWv. 55. ]màsnbpss kzx{ ] v sa -s -Sp- m\pw AXnsâ iànbpw _lpp\ ASn dbpw hni-kn- n- p- -Xn\pw ap³kw\ \ÂIWw. 56. sxmgnemfniä, Irjn mà, IÀjIs mgnemfniä F o hn`m-k- -fpss hàk-k-a-chpw aäp P\-hn-`m-K- -fpss _lpp\ka-c- fpw hnikn n m³ Bhiyamb aqà amb AS-hp-Ifpw ap{zmhmiy fpw Bhn-jvI-cn- Â. 57. C\n X m-dm- p AS-hp-\bw lnµpxz iàniä pw hàkob {]Xy-b-im-kv{X- n\pw FXncmb ka-c- Ä v cm{ãob, {]Xybimkv{X, kwls\m am\ fnâ aqà -amb Znim-t_m- [hpw DÅ-S- hpw \ÂI-Ww. 58. hàkob ASn aà -ep-itfmsv t]mcm-sp- -Xn\pw kzxzcm{ãobs FXncnSp- -Xn\pw aqà amb amàk-zài\w \ÂIm³ cmjv{sob AShv \b- n\v Ign-b-Ww. kv{xoifpss Ah-Im-i- Ä- p-th- nbpw enwk-]-c-amb ASn aà -ep-iä v FXn-cm-bpapÅ t]mcm-«- n\v IqSp-X Du  \ÂIWw. kmaqly {]iv\ Ä ]màsn henb txmxnâ GsäSp Ww; ZfnXÀ, BZnhmknIÄ, \yq\] Ä, F nhcpss {]iv\ Ä GsäSp p Xn\v {]txyi CS-s]-S \S- p p F v ]màsn Dd- p-h-cp- p-ibpw thww. 59. hàk-þ_lpp\ kwls\ifpss kwbpà ka-c- Ä pw _lp-p-\-{]-iv\- -fnâ kwbpà thzn-iä pw Iq«mb ka-c- Ä pw th n-bpå ]màsn-bpss bxv\- Ä pw cmjv{sob AShv \bw amàk-\nàt±iw \ÂI-Ww. 60. CSXp] P\m[n]Xy ap Wn si«n- -Sp- p-i-sb {]Ya IS-abv p Iogvs -Sp- -Xm-IWw sxc-sª-sp v AShv \bw. Ct mgs L«- nâ, {]mtz-ini ]màsn-i-fpss ] v ]cn-k-wn- pt¼mä, tziob ASn-Øm-\- nâ Ah-bp-ambn kjyw Du«n-bp- m- p- -Xn\v ASn-Øm-\-anÃ. AXn\p ]Icw kwøm-\- -fnâ ]màsn-bpss XmÂ]-cy-a-\p-k-cn v CS-Xp-] CXc ]màsn-i-fpambn sxc-sª-sp v [mc-w D m- mhp -XmWv. B kwøm-\ v CS-Xp-] P\m-[n- ]Xyiàn-Isf H n p sim p-hcm³ AXv klm-biam-ipw. 61. cmjv{sob AS-hp-\-b- nsâ \nàhlww ]màsn kwls\sbbpw AXv Imcy- -a-ambn \S- m- m-\på tijn-tbbpw B{ibn n-cn- p- p. P\ fpss CSbn {]hà n m\pw, Ahsc hàk-_lpp\ kac fnte v sim p hcm\pw _lp-p-\-kzm-[o-\s cmjv{so-b-ambn Ac- n- «p-d- n- m\pw kö-am- -s «kwl-s-\-bn-ãmsx AShp \bw icn-bmbn \S- m- m-\m-hn-ã. ]màsn tiuàamcpss {]Xy-b-imkv{X \nehmchpw Hcp LSIw BWv. \ap v ]màsn kwl-s-\- bpss ØnXn ]p\chtemi\w sn pibpw FÃm Xe- -fn-ep-apå {]hà -\- -fpss coxn-ifpw ssienbpw hnaài-\-]-c-ambn ]cn-tim-[n- p-ibpw thww. CXnsâ ASn-Øm-\- nâ \ap v

11 11 kwl-s-\bv v ]pxnb DuÀÖ-kz-eX \ÂI-Ww. hnhn[ P\-hn-`m-K- -fn-te v sns - m³ ]pxnb amàk- Ä cq]-s -Sp- p-ibpw thww. hàkþ_lp-p-\ kwl-s-\-i-fpss icn-bmb Znim \nàw-bw, AhbpsS kzx{ amb {]hà \w, _lp-p-\-kwl-s-\-i-tfm-spå ]màsn-bpss icnbmb kao-]\w F nh Dd v hcp-t - -Xp- v. Ccp] nsbm mw tim -{Kkv ka-im-eni cm{ãob-ashv \bw AwKoIcn p Ignªm kwls\sb kw_ôn på ¹o\w tnà v Cu {][m\s «ISa ssiimcyw snt - -Xm-Wv. * * *

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