Rqbyj nk wmk`vi. e wzµgx e w³z

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2 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z

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4 iii Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z ew`d¾vgvb PŠayix

5 iv Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z ew`d¾vgvb PŠayix cö_g cökvk : gvp 2016 wøzxq cökvk : A ±vei 2018 cökvkk gy`ªy : Aa vck W. gvt Avgvbyjø vn& DcvPvh (g bvbxz) RW. GBP. wmk`vi weávb I cöhyw³ wek we` vjq gaycyi, KvwZ Kcyi, f`imä, kixqzcyi : gviæd G UvicÖvBR 372/11, kvnv`vz nv mb mok cwðg RyivBb, k vgcyi, XvKv-1204 dvb: g~j : $ QqkZ UvKv gvî (weµqjã A_ gkd&i DwÏb dvd Ûkb KZ K Mwie I gavex QvÎ-QvÎx `i wkÿvq e q Kiv n e ) Zainul Haque Sikder Batikromi Baktitto Published by : Prof. Dr. Md. Amanullah Vice Chancellor (nominated) Z. H. Sikder University of Science & Technology Modhupur, Kartikpur, Bhedergonj, Shariatpur First Published : March 2016 Price : Tk US$ : 10 (Sale Proceeds of this Book will be spent for the education of poor meritous students through Mokfor Uddin Foundation.) ISBN :

6 v DrmM Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii RvbœvZevmx gv Rwibv wmk`vi

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8 vii RvwZi wczv e½eüz kl gywreyi ingvb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi wczv-gvzv K hfv e fw³-kö v Ki Zb, Zgwb fv jvevm Zb e½eüz KI e½eüzi kvnv`vr-gi Pvi w`b ci kz wec` gv_vq wb q PviwU Miæ RevB K i KzjLvwb K iwq jb avbgwûi wbr evwoi AvwObvq GB wbg g b ksm nz vkv Ûi cöwzev ` ev ivwu eqi wzwb Lv U bv Nywg q d v i ï q KvwU q Qb

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10 ggzvgqx x g bvqviv wmk`vi whwb my L `yt L m`v cv k _ K wmk`vi mv ne K cöiyv hywm q Avm Qb ix

11 x Av gwikvi wbr evmfe b wmk`vi ` úwz

12 xi

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14 xiii f~wgkv Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei mv _ cö_g `Lv nq XvKv K v Ub g U, mbv Mv q `v ms v wwwrgdavb-gi mbd nvd m 1976 mv ji 15 gvp Zvwi L ZLb ` k KwVb `ytmgq 1975 mv ji 15 AvM KvjivwÎ Z mcwiev i RvwZi RbK e½eüy kl gywreyi ingv bi KiæY g Zÿ ; Kvivf ší i e½eüyi wek Í mnpi RvZxq Pvi bzvi wbg g nz vkvû, c`-c`we I ivóª gzv Kzw MZ Ki Z kxl mbv bz e `i G K A b i weiæ AvZ NvZx msn l wjß niqv; Gm ei weiæ mbvevwnbx _ K Aemi biqv gyw³hy i Ab Zg m±i KgvÛvi Avgvi AMÖR hy vnz K b j Avey Zv ni exidë gi bz Z I RvZxq mgvrzvwš K ` ji mn hvwmzvq wmcvnx Afÿ Ìvb, Zv ni I wmcvnx `i AvbyK~ j ew `Z _ K gy³ n q gzv jvf K ib Rxeb`vZv K b j Zv ni I wmcvnx `i cöwz Rbv ij wrqvdi ingv bi wek vmnvzkzv, XvKv wek we` vj q Avgvi wk KZv Rxe b Q` Gme NUbvi Wvgv Wv ji g a ˆ ^i mbvkvmk wn m e Avwef Z n q Qb Rbv ij wrqvdi ingvb MÖßvi Gov Z cjvzk Rxeb e Q wb Z n q Q Avgv K Ggwb Ae vq wwwrgdavb Avgv K MÖßvi K i K v Ub g U Zv `i mbd nvd m wb q Av m mlv bb `Lv nq wmk`vi mv ne I Zvui åvzz úyî hyejxm bzv Gg G irvi mv _ wrqvi mvgwik kvm b ZLb mviv ` k AvIqvgx jxm, Rvm` I gyw³ hv v `i Dci b g G m Q `ytmn wbcxob Zv `i KI MÖßvi Kiv n q Q e½eüy I AvIqvgx jx Mi mv _ mswkø ózvi Rb wwwrgdavb Gi wefxwlkvgq mbd nvd m mb mv v Zi ci eû NUbv N U M Q Zv ni fvb qi dvuwm n q Q, Avgv `i wzb fvb qi mvrv n q Q wewfbœ gqv ` cövq cvup eqi Kviv fv Mi ci cybivq XvKv wek we` vj q wk KZvq wd i G mwq

15 xiv ZviI eû eqi c ii GKwU NUbv XvKv wek we` vj qi GKv WwgK KvDwÝ ji mfv Pj Q mlv b Rvbv bv n jv, Rbve Rqbyj nk wmk`vi wek we` vj qi Kz qz ˆgÎx n ji QvÎx `i Rb GKwU feb wbg v Yi mgỳ q A_ `vb K i Qb gyn~ Z gb P j Mj 1976-i gvp gv mi w`b jv Z Avwg D V `vuovjvg Rvbvjvg KwVb `ytmg q wmk`vi mv n ei mv _ Avgvi cwip qi K_v m mgq GKRb ^vaxb PZv wbf xk gvbyl wn m e hgb Zvu K ` LwQ, Zv Rvbvjvg wcbczb bxiezvq mevb ïb jb wmk`vi mv n ei K_v wecyj KiZvwj w` q Zvu K Awfbw `Z Ki jb Aa vc Kiv ZviciI K qk eqi K U M Q Avgvi GKRb wk K mnkg xi gva g wmk`vi mv ne iv qi evrv i Zvui gww Kj K j R Avgv K Avgš Y Rvwb q Qb wb Ri MvwowU cvwv q w` q Qb Avgv K wb q h Z wzb hy MiI ewk mgq c i Avevi `Lv n jv wk Mfxi AvMÖn wb q wb R Ny i Ny i Avgv K `Lv jb ïaygvî g q `i Rb Zvui wzj wzj K i M o Zvjv ^ cœi gww Kj K jrwu K XvKv wek we` vj q RxeweÁvb Abyl `i wwb wn m e G K j Ri mybv gi K_v Av M ï bwq ev Í e Zv wbr Pv L `Ljvg wmk`vi mv ne Zvui Av ikwu ^ cœi K_v ej jb iv qi evrvi GjvKvq GKwU wek we` vjq cöwzôv Ki Z Pvb wzwb wmk`vi gww Kj K j Ri Kv QB eoxevu ai jv Mvqv A bk jv wbg xqgvy eûzj feb `Lv jb Avgv K Avwg ejjvg, XvKvq A bk wek we` vjq Av Q Avcwb MÖv g GKwU wek we` vjq M o Zzjyb Mfxi cwiz wßi K_v! wmk`vi mv ne ivwr n jb Z e ej jb, GK k Z Avwg Zv Ki ev, hw` Zzwg G Kv R mvnvh Ki wøavnxb wp Ë Avwg m wz w` qwq mva gz Zvui gnr D ` v M kvwgji _ KwQ wew Z n qwq GB Kv R Zvui wbôv, GKvMÖZv I MwZ ` L kixqzcy ii wbf Z cjøx gaycy i ej Z M j ivzvivwz M o DV jv AvaywbK ` wób `b RW. GBP. wmk`vi weávb I cöhyw³ wek we` vjq vcz we` wmk`vi mv ne wb RB Gi

16 xv g a cwipq n jv Zvui eo Q j ggzvryj nk wmk`vi gäzi mv _ Ggb wbinskvi I Kg wbô gvbyl Kg ` LwQ Rvbjvg 1971 mv j e½eüyi GKwbô Abymvix wmk`vi mv ne hlb gyw³hy kvwgj n q Qb, ZLb gäz _vk Zb wczvi mv _ RjgMœ kixqzcyi A j bškvq _v Kb wczv-cyî Gev i ^vaxb evsjv ` k MÖv gi gvby li Rb bzzb wek we` vjqwu M o Zvjvi AwfhvÎvq wczvi ^cœ K ev Í e iƒc w` Z GwM q G jb gäz-av gwikvq cwievi-cwirb I Av qwk Rxeb Q o Zvu K mv _ wb q wek we` vj qi wk K wb qv Mi KvRwU m úv`b Kwi gav- hvm Zv Ges gyw³hy i PZbvi cöwz Av v Av Q Ggb gvbyl `i Avgiv wbe vpb K iwq B Zvg a wmk`vi mv ne K PvPv m ^vab Ki Z ïiæ K iwq Mfxi cwiz wßi mv _ RvbvB, wk K wbe vp b Avgv `i we epbv KB webvev K MÖnY K ib PvPv Zvui mv _ e w³mz mylki wzi `yõgkwu K_v ej ev XvKv wek we` vj qi Dcv`vbKí K jr evsjv `k Mvn A_ bxwz K jrwui Mfwb s ewwi Pqvig vb g bvbxz Kiv n q Q Avgv K emikvwi wkš e w³gvwjkvbvaxb bq-gb K jrwu wzj wzj K i M o Zz j Qb gwnjv wk Kiv PvPv K Rvbvjvg, K j Ri Rb GKLÛ Rwg wkb Z PvB Avgiv wzwb ej jb, Kbvi cö qvrb wk, K j Ri Rb Avwg Rwg `vb K i `e hgb K_v, Zgb KvR wmk`vi gww Kj K j Ri fz i iv Ívmn GMv iv KvVv Rwg `vbm~ Î wzwb K jr K wj L w` jb gyw³hy i GKwU I qe AvK vbf M o Zvjvi D ` vm wb qwq, A_ cö qvrb PvPv `ivr nv Z GwM q G jb K b j Zv n ii Dci WKz g Uvwi n e A_ mnvqzv cjvg PvPvi KvQ _ K Gev i cȳ ÍK wb q wkqz K_v wkqzw`b Av M ew`d¾vgvb PŠayix cwip q GKRb f`ª jvk Avgvi mv _ `Lv K ib GKwU cvûzwjwc nv Z wb q Zvui evwo dwi`cyi Rvbv jb, gyw³hy Kv j wzwb PvPvi mv _ wq jb Aeiæ evsjv ` k mvsevw`kzvi RM Z eû eqi KvwU q Qb gyw³hy i mgq cökvwkz Rqevsjv cwîkv, hv `k ^vaxb nevi

17 xvi cii K qk eqi P j Q, Zvi cökvkbvi mv _ hy³ wq jb ew`d¾vgvb PŠayix Rvbv jb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei Rxeb I K g i Dci wzwb KvR Ki Qb wkqzw`b _ K mëziæa k köægwûz gvbylwu K cö_g `Lv ZB fvj j M Mj Rvbv jb, gyw³hy i cövq Pwjøk eqi ci kixqzcyi AÂj cwiåg Y wm q wzwb ` L Qb, Õ71 G Zvi hy bzv wmk`vi mv n ei K wëmvu_v, we kl K i wbf Z cjø x Z gww Kj K jr I weávb Ges cöhyw³ wek we` vjq cöwzôvq Zvui we kl Ae`v bi K_v ZLbB f e Qb, Ggb GKRb gvby li Rxeb I Kg wb q M elyv niqv DwPr eb jlv KZ e Avgv `i GB ` k gnr gvbyl `i RxebKv j Zv `i K g i ^xk wz w` Z Avgiv Abỳ vi _vwk Avevi g Zz i ci Zvu `i gwngvwš^z Kwi Ggb ms wzi cwiez b niqv cö qvrb ZvB PŠayix mv ne eb jlvi iæfviwu wbr Ü wb q Qb wmk`vi mv n ei mv _ ïay bq, Av iv eû gvby li mv _ K_v e j Qb, Z_ vw` msmön K i Qb ZviB dmj Zvui nv Z aiv cvûzwjwcwu GKwU Aby iva wb q G m Qb, PvPvi c _ K cvûzwjwcwu ` L w` Z n e Avwg mvb ` Zv MÖnY K iwq Avgvi fv jv j M Q GB ` L h, wmk`vi mv n ei K Vvi Rxeb msmövg, j AR b GKvMÖZv, mvnm, bxwzwbôzv, mvdj, I c ivckvix Rxeb-`k b m ^ Ü wjl Z wm q evsjv ` ki Av iv `yrb gvby li K_vI PŠayix mv ne wj L Qb Guiv n jb wgr vcy ii iy`v cömv` mvnv I wk kvim Äi Rûiæj Bmjvg GB wzbrb gvby li Rxeb hb GKm~ Î Mvu_v Avgv `i GB ` k gymjgvb mgv R we Ëi AwaKvix n q Qb A b K, `yf v M i welq wp Ëi AwaKvix n Z c i Qb Lye Kg gvbylb fvebvq GB wpšívi Gj, evsjv `k ^vaxb niqvi d j nvrvi KvwU UvKvi welq-m ú `i AwaKvix n q Qb, Ggb gvby li msl v Zv Kg bq wkš KZRb Zv `i m m ú` K Kv R jvmv Qb mvaviy Mixe-`ytLx gvby li gy L nvwm dvuv Z?

18 xvii m Kvi YI gnrcövy `i Rxebv jl cökvwkz niqv cö qvrb Kwe ngp `ª wj LwQ jb: ÒgnvÁvbx gnvrb h c _ K ib Mgb n q Qb cövzt iyxq mb c_ j K i ^xq KxwZ aÿrv a i AvgivI ne eiyxqó Avgv `i mvg b D¾ j ` óvší cö qvrb hv ` L AbycÖvwYZ n e ciez x cörb ` óvší vc b GwM qi Avm e m Kvi Y Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii Rxebx MÖš wu iæz c~y n e ew`d¾vgvb PŠayix `yiƒn KvRwU K i Qb wmk`vi mv n ei Rxe bi bvbv w`k Zz j a i Qb Z_ mg K i Zvi Dci wfwë K i fwel r M elkmy GB gnvb gvbylwui Dci GKwU c~b v½ Rxebv jl ipbv Ki eb, Ab vb fvlvq Zv Abyev` n e-g K_v Avwg wek vm Kwi Avgv `i kª q PvPv Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Av iv eû eqi eu P _vkzb, Kv qvgbev K GB cöv_ bv Kwi W. gvt Av bvqvi nv mb Aa vck cövyimvqb I AbycÖvY weávb wefvm XvKv wek we` vjq I cöv³b DcvPvh Rvnv½xibMi wek we` vjq

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20 xix jl Ki K_v Rxebvemv bi Øviv gvby li g Zz n ji AwZ bmy msl K gvbyl Agi n q _v K Zvi KxwZ i gva g GB Agi Z i ^xk wz mvaviyz gvbyl cvq Zvi g Zz i ci wkš Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Ggb GK e w³ whwb RxeÏkv ZB Agi Z i ^xk wz jvf Kivi hvm Zv AR b K i Qb Zuvi gnr Kg h Ái gva g h evsjv ` ki ^ cœ 1971 mv j gyw³hy n q Q, ev Í e m ^cœ GL bv c~iy nqwb e U, wkš ÔGK`j gvbylõ Zuv `i Kg w` q mb ^cœ K R vwj q i L Qb bzzb cör b i Kv Q mvgvwrk D ` v³v, wk ív ` v³v, wkícwz, e vskvi GB Kg exi gvbylwui Rxe bi cq b jywk q Av Q GK `xn msmöv gi PovB-DrivB nvi bv gvbv GB gvbylwu GKRb mdj gvby li cözxk wn m e AvR we` gvb mvnmx, úóev`x, ^cöwzwôz Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Kej GKRb wkÿvbyivmx e w³b bb, wzwb GKRb `k cöwgk exi gyw³ hv v gvbe Dbœq b wbr A_ vq b cöwzôv K i Qb kixqzcy ii cöz ší A j GKwU AvaywbK c~y v½ emikvwi wek we` vjq, ivravbx Z ` ki cö_g gwnjv gww Kj K jrmn `yõwu gww Kj K jr, hvi AciwU kixqzcy ii gaycy i wzwb wbr GjvKvq Ges XvKvq `kwu zj I K jr, Aa kz Ki ewk gmwr` I gv`ªvmv cöwzôv K i Qb wqqvwk eq iii ewk eq GB gvbylwu GLbI PŠÏ-c bi NÈv kög w` q `k-we ` ki e emv cwipvjbv K i wb RB GKwU cöwzôv b cwiyz n q Qb GB K wz gvbylwui jlvi Kvb Af vm wqjbv, Ges GL bv bb e w³mzfv e wewfbœ mg q Zuvi mv _ Avjvc-Av jvpbv I M íi gva g Zuvi ^cœ-msmövg, Av`k, mskí I A jšwkk kw³i mnvqzvi K_v ï bwq, R bwq mme K_vi wkqz Ask eb AvKv i cökvk n Z hv Q hw`i GUv Kvb e w³i avivevwnk Rxebx MÖš bq, ZeyI AvkvKwi Zuvi NUbveûj Rxe bi K_v cvvk R b ivgvwâz I PgrK Z n eb

21 xx Ggb GKRb gnvb wkse`wšíõi Rxebx wjwce Kivi AvMÖn cökvk K iwq jb wkÿvwe` Ges mv ek gš x I ivóà ~Z W. G Avi gwjøk, w` wccjm& cwîkvi m úv`k I gvwjk Avwe`yi ingvbmn A bk bvwg- `vwg jlk I mvwnwz KMY cöpviwegyl wmk`vi PvPv ZLb Zv `i AvnŸv b mvov bv w` q Avgv K G weij my hvm `qvq Avwg Zuvi Kv Q FYx Avgvi G Kv R huviv wewfbœfv e mnvqzv K i Qb Zuv `i g a Ab Zg n Qb Rvnv½xibMi wek we` vj qi mv ek DcvPvh Aa vck W. gv. Av bvqvi nv mb, Kwe gyn ` b~iæj û`v, W. gvnv ` RKwiqv, mvsevw`k I jlk gwdr Bgvg wgjb Ges e vskvi G Gm Gg eyjeyj ebwu g~`ª Yi ÿ Î níjvbb wi mv m m wjt-gi ^Ë vwakvix byiæj AvKZvi, Avkivdzj Bmjvg I gvt Qvw`Kzi ingvb wicbmn A b Ki AvšÍwiK mn hvwmzv c qwq G `i mk ji cöwz Avwg K ZÁ Rbve wmk`vi mv n ei K_vgvjv eb AvKv i cökvk niqvq wkí, e emv-evwy R i m ½ mswkøó mk jb DcK Z n eb me P q ewk hv `i Kv R jvm e Zviv zj, K jr I wek we` vj qi QvÎ-QvÎx e ` mgvr wb q hviv wpšív K ib, gvby li Kj vy Kvgbv huv `i KvR, Zviv Av iv ewk DØy n eb e j AvkvKwi KviY, ^cœgylxb jovkz gvby li Rxe bi AwfÁZv Avgv `i Rb GK Ag~j m ú` ew`d¾vgvb PŠayix mfvcwz e nëi dwi`cyi BwZnvm HwZn cwil` gvevbj :

22 xxi cökvk Ki K_v cȳ ÍK cökvkbvi Î evsjv `k A bklvwb AMÖmigvb wewfbœ welqe I wfbœ Avw½ K cökvwkz eb qi msl v A bk Z e Rxeb _ K biqv AwfÁZvi cwi cöw Z G ` ki mdj K wz mšív bi Dci jlvi msl v A bk Kg wvk GKBfv e mdj D ` v³v Ges e emv-evwy R i evb i Rbwn Zlx Kg KvÐ, ^ Q ivr bwzk aviyvi avik G ` ki gnvb mšívb `i wb q eb mvaviyz Pv LB c o bv wewkó gyw³ hv v, RvwZi RbK e½eüy kl gywreyi ingv bi wek Í mnpi Rbwn Zlx Rbve Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Zvui ey vx Rxe bi ewy j Kvwnwb wb q GB cȳ ÍKwU iwpz n q Q GB eb q Zvui Rxe bi `yj f AwfÁZvi cvkvcvwk D ` v³v wnmv e Zvui cöqvm Ges wpšív PZbvi K_v mvejxj fvlvq ewy Z n q Q Avgv `i wek vm, Zvui GB AwfÁZv Avgv `i fwel Z cörb K mdj D ` v³v wn m e M o Zvjvi Î Acwi gq Ae`vb ivl Z m g n e GB we epbvq ZvuiB cöwzwôz Rqbyj nk wmk`vi weávb I cöhyw³ wek we` vj qi m e v P KZ c Uªvw evw GB cȳ ÍKwU wek we` vjq KZ K cökv ki wm vší MÖnY K i Qb Avgiv GB cöwµqvi mv _ RwoZ _vk Z c i ab g b KiwQ Ávb weáv bi cöwz Ae`vb wn m ei GB wek we` vjq _ K cökvwkz GB cȳ ÍKwU GKwU gvbj djk wn m e we ewpz n e e j Avgiv wek vm Kwi Avgiv Rbve Rqbyj nk wmk`vi-gi cöwz Avgv `i K ZÁZv cökvk KiwQ GB cȳ Í Ki eûj cöpvi Kvgbv Kwi Aa vck W. gvt Avgvbyjø vn& EcvPvh (g bvbxz) RW. GBP. wmk`vi weávb I cöhyw³ wek we` vjq gaycyi, KvwZ Kcyi, f`imä, kixqzcyi 8 deªæqvwi, 2016

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24 `xix ev iv mv ji ZiB b f ^i wm qwqjvg kixqzcyi Rjvi KvwZ Kcyi MÖv g wm qb Rvb Z cvijvg A`~ i f`imä Dc Rjvi gaycy i e w³mz D ` v M GKwU wek we` vjq cöwzwôz n q Q GwU cöwzôv K i Qb GKRb exi gyw³ hv v, mdj e emvqx I mgvr mek wzwb KvwZ Kcy iib mymšívb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi evsjv ` ki ^vaxbzvi Pzqvwjøk eqi cii ` ki cöz ší AÂ ji cðvrc` wecyj Rb Mvôxi Rb B Zvc~ e emikvwi D ` v M Kv bv wek we` vjq cöwzwôz n q Q e j Avgvi Rvbv bb cÿvší i, XvKv I e `i bmix PÆMÖvgmn ` ki eo kni jv Z emikvwi D ` v M awbk köwyi mšívb `i D Pwkÿvi Rb cªwzwôz n q Q Aa kz Ki ewk emikvwi wek we` vjq ZvB KŠZ~njx n q wek we` vjqwu `Lvi Rb ewi q cwo wek we` vjq GjvKvq cušqvi c~ e B iv Ívi `yb cv k A bk jv wu bi N ii g a Wvb w` K GKwU mỳ k `vzjv cvkv feb Pv L coj febwu Z i q Q b vkbvj e vs Ki kvlv c i Rvbv Mj G AÂ j G e vs Ki 10wU kvlvi Kvh µg Pvjy n q Q ZLbB Rvb Z cvijvg 1983 mv ji 23 gvp cöwzwôz b vkbvj e vsk wjwg U Wi D ` v³v cwipvjk I ez gvb Pqvig vb Rbve Rqbyj nk wmk`vi wb RB kixqzcyi AÂ ji gvby li g a mâqx g bvfve M o Zvjvi gva g RbMY K mvwe K w`k _ K AvZ wbf ikxj K i M o Zzj Z wzwb e vs Ki GZ jv kvlv vc bi e e v K i Qb

25 24 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Rvb Z cijvg, kixqzcyi Rjvi A bk gvbyl Av gwikv, Rvcvb, gvj qwkqv, BZvwjmn BD iv ci wewfbœ ` k Kg iz Av Qb Zuv `i cvvv bv UvKv ˆeafv e MÖv g cviqvi mye e v B Zvc~ e wqj bv ZvB we ` k Kg iz AvZ xq- ^R bi UvKv MÖvgevmx K A ea cš vq MÖnY Ki Z n Zv b vkbvj e vsk wj. RW. GBP. wmk`vi BDwbfvwm wu Ae mvbý A vû UK bvjwr, gaycyi kixqzcyi Rjvi wewfbœ v b b vkbvj e vs Ki kvlv Pvjyi ci mb Amyweav A bkvs k `~i n q Q d j GjvKvi gvby liv ^Rb `i cöwiz A_ b vkbvj e vs Ki kvlvi gva g MÖnY Ki Z cvi Q we ` k Kg iz gvby li KóvwR Z ˆe `wkk gỳ ªv Øviv ïay H GjvKvi gvby li A_ bwzk DbœwZ mvabb n Q bv, eis RvZxq Dbœq b H A_ weivu f wgkv ivl Q

26 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 25 D jøl, 2015 mv ji ww m ^i gv mi kl mßv n kixqzcyi Rjvi b vkbvj e vs Ki 10wU kvlvq cövq 700 KvwU UvKv Rgv wqj GB A _ i kvlvwfwëk Rgvi cwigvy wb œiƒc: 1. bwoqv 129 KvwU UvKv, 2. Nwolvi 74 KvwU UvKv, 3. kixqzcyi 67 KvwU UvKv, 4. KvwRinvU 65 KvwU UvKv, 5. f`imä 65 KvwU UvKv, 6. gaycyi 50 KvwU UvKv, 7. fv Rk i 47 KvwU UvKv, 8. KvwZ Kcyi 45 KvwU UvKv 9. MvmvBinvU 35 KvwU UvKv Ges 10. AvsMvwiqv 88 KvwU UvKv GKUz GwM q h ZB `~i _ K iv Ívi Wvb w` K `Lv Mj g bvqviv wmk`vi gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj Avi evg w` K Rqbyj nk wmk`vi BDwbfvwm wu Ae mvbý A vû UK bvjwr (Z. H. Sikder University of Science & Technology) K v úvm g bvqviv wmk`vi gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj, gaycyi, kixqzcyi kixqzcyi Rjvi mvgwmök wkÿv, ^v, hvmv hvm e e v I fšz AeKvVv gv Z AvaywbK Dbœq bi Qvc Zgb Pv L jv Mwb Mv ½q e-øxc we ašz evsjv ` ki `wÿyvs ki G Rjv cùv b`xi fvo b hgb ÿwzmö Í, Zgwb Dchy cwi eb vq A_ bwzkfv e wech Í gvby li `ytl- `y` kv jvn e Rqbyj nk wmk`vi G wek we` vjq QvovI zj, K jr, gmwr`, gv`ªvmv I GwZgLvbvmn Aa kzvwak wewfbœ mvgvwrk cöwzôv b mnvqzv K i Avm Qb

27 26 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z GKK A_ vq b kixqzcyi, XvKv, PÆMÖvg, wm ju, Kzwgjøv, Uv½vBj, ivrkvnx Ges fvi Zi AvRgxi kwidmn wewfbœ v b cövq kzvwak zj, K jr, gmwr`, gv`ªvmv, C`Mvn, gvrvi kwid I i nvdr wbg vy I Dbœqb K i Qb ïay kixqzcyi I XvKv ZB 10wU zj-k jr cöwzôv K i Qb AbybœZ kixqzcyi A ji wecyj Rb Mvôxi g a AvaywbK Dbœqb MwZkxj Ki ZB g b nq wzwb my ^v I eyw e wë wekv ki j ÿ gaycyi MÖv g iv Ívi GKcv k g bvqviv wmk`vi gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj Ges Aci cv k M o Zz j Qb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi BDwbfvwm wu Ae mvbý A vû UK bvjwr bv g weávb I AvaywbK cöhyw³i eûgylx wek we` vjq RW. GBP. wmk`vi BDwbfvwm wu Ae mvbý A vû UK bvjwr, gaycyi, kixqzcyi wbr GjvKvi gvby li mevi Rb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi KvwZ Kcyi A j cöwzôv K i Qb AviI A bk wkÿv cöwzôvb e½eüz D P we` vjq, g bvqviv wmk`vi D P we` vjq f`imä, ww. Gg. Lvwj g bvqviv wmk`vi D P we` vjq, Ave`yi iv¾vk D P we` vjq, kvgmybœvnvi D P we` vjq, g bvqviv wmk`vi evwjkv D P we` vjq f`imä, emg jyrdzb bqv gwnjv gv`ªvmvmn A bk cöwzôvb Zvi cögvy enb Ki Q GQvov ag xq cöwzôv bi g a i q Q Mvjvi gvv evbzzj Avgvb

28 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 27 Rv g gmwr`, KvwZ Kcyi evrvi Rv g gmwr`, klcvov Rv g gmwr`, c~e w`bviv ZvjyK`vi evwo Rv g gmwr`, my ik i Rv g gmwr`, Mdzi gvijvbv Rv g gmwr`, gaycyi Rv g gmwr`, ivgf`ªcyi Rv g gmwr`, `wÿy ww½vgvwbk ingvwbqv evqzzj mvjvg Rv g gmwr`, Avj-gw`bv Rv g gmwr`, my ik i `dv`vi evwo Rv g gmwr`, PifvMv Rv g gmwr`, Nwolvi evrvi Rv g gmwr`, Wv. gvm jn& DÏxb Rv g gmwr`, PifvMv Rv g gmwr`, my ik i mywd g nidjøvn& Rv g gmwr`, ga w`bviv evbzzj Avgvb Rv g gmwr`, w`bviv Kvivb nvmjv evbzyj Avgvb Rv g gmwr`, mvbv Lvjv Avj-gw`bv b~i Rv g gmwr`, fv Rk i Rv g gmwr`, wesvwi evrvi Rv g gmwr`, Lwjdvevwo Rv g gmwr`, Kvivb nvmjv Rwibv wmk`vi Uªv Rv g gmwr`, Kvbvi gmwr`, ivgf`ªcyi `qvwjqv Rv g gmwr`, gy³vipi PzK`vi evwo Rv g gmwr`, gaycyi P vwi Uej wwm cbmvwi KvwW qvk Kqvi m Uvi D Øvab K ib cöavbgš x kl nvwmbv DwjøwLZ RbwnZKi cöwzôvb QvovI wzwb 1992 mv ji AvM gv m XvKvi avbgwûi cwðg cöv ší iv qi evrvi GjvKvq cöwzôv K ib evsjv ` ki cö_g emikvwi nvmcvzvj, hv RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv

29 28 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj bv g cwiwpz 1998 mv ji ww m ^i gv m G gww Kj nvmcvzv j KvwW qvk Kqvi A vû wimvp m Uvi Pvjy nq 2000 mv ji 11 g KvwW qvk Kqvi m UviwU AvbyôvwbKfv e D Øvab K ib e½eüz Kb v cöavbgš x kl nvwmbv ` ki cö_g gwnjv gww Kj K jr I KvwW qvk Kqvi A vû wimvp m Uvi cöwzôv m ^ Ü 2000 mv j dv wmwkdwiwu e vsk wjwg U Wi ZrKvjxb GmGwfwc Lv `Kvi gwndwïb GK wbe Ü j Lb, Ôevsjv ` ki Ae nwjz gwnjv Rb Mvôx K DbœZ mev`v bi j ÿ wzwb gwnjv gww Kj K jr vcb K i Qb Gi d j cöwzeqi GLvb _ K cöpzi gwnjv Wv³vi m wó n e, m Rb MvUv RvwZ Zuvi Kv Q K ZÁ _vk e KvwW qvk Kqvi m Uvi D Øvab k l gvbvrvz K ib cöavbgš x kl nvwmbv Avgv `i ` k eû weëevb jvk i q Qb, wkš gvbekj v Y wmk`vi mv n ei g Zv A_ e q Kivi jvk LyeB weij Rqbyj nk wmk`vi GKwU bvg, GKwU BwZnvm, GKwU wkse`wší, GKRb ÿyrb v cyiæl hy M hy M mgvrms v ii Rb, gvbezvi Kj v Yi Rb, Ae nwjz gvbe Mvôx K mnvqzv Kivi Rb G ikg gnvgvbe Rb jvf K i _v Kb

30 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 29 wzwb AviI wj L Qb, Rbve wmk`vi evsjv ` ki ü` ivmx `i DbœZ wpwkrmv mev cö`v bi Rb RW. GBP. wmk`vi KvwW qvk Kqvi A vû wimvp m Uvi vcb K i ü` iv Mi wpwkrmv mvaviy gvby li Avq Ëi g a G b w` q Qb GLb Avi G ` ki ü` ivmx `i DbœZ wpwkrmvi Rb KóvwR Z ˆe `wkk gỳ ªv e q K i we ` k h Z n e bvõ (m~î : Souvenier on the occasion of formal inauguration of Z. H. Sikder Cardic Care & Research Centre by Honourable Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina.) wkk oi Uv b DØy n q nz`wi`ª MÖv gi gvby li fvm Dbœq bi Rb AKvZ i A_ e qi ` óvší Avgv `i mvg b AwZ weij h `y-pviwu D`vniY Avgiv cvb Zvi g a Uv½vB ji Kzgyw`bx I qj dqvi Uªv i cöwzôvzv iy`v cömv` mvnv ev Avi wc mvnv, wk kvim Äi evwrzcy i gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzv ji cöwzôvzv Rûiæj Bmjvg Ges Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Ab Zg mgvrm PZb gvbyl gvîb Dcjwä K ib, e w³mz hvm Zv I K Vvi kögmvabvi gva g gvby li h KóvwR Z Avq Zv gvbekj v Y e q ev `vb Kivi Rb Ab K Dc `k `Iqv hz mnr, ev Í e wb Ri c ÿ G ai bi `vb Kiv ZZB KwVb KvR Avgv `i mgv Ri AwaKvsk gvbyl wbr ^v _ Db v`cövq mgv Ri gvbyl ïayb c Z Pvq, cövq mk jb cviqvi Rb nvz c Z iv L; wkš w` Z Pvq bv c w_ex Z w` Z cvivi msl v ev A b i g½ ji Rb KvR Kivi g bvfvem úbœ gvby li msl v eob bmy cöpð AvZ kw³ Avi gnvbyfezv Qvov Ac ii g½ ji Rb AKvZ i A_ e q Kiv eob Kómva wbr GjvKvi gvby li `ytlkó jvne K i mk ji Rb my `i I mylki cwi ek M o Zvjvi cö Póvq eªz _vkvi wpšív KB gnëi KvR wn m e MY Kiv n q _v K wewkó wkÿvwe` I mvwnwz K Aa vck Ave`yjøvn Avey mvqx` mgvr m ú K wj L Qb, ÒAvgv `i ` k cvmj gvbyl GLb Avi cviqv hvq bv mme gnr cvmj hviv GKwU RvwZi wbqwz K cv ë w` Z cv i mb cvmj Wv³vi, cvmj wkÿk cviqv hv Q bv, hviv ej e gvby li `ytl gvp bi Rb, mg w i Rb, mevi Rb Avwg Avgvi QvÆ RxebUv w` q w` Z PvB AvR Avgv `i Kv Q Avgv `i RxebUv eo g~j evb

31 30 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z evkvi g Zv Zvi GKwU KYvI AvR Avgiv envz Ki Z ivwr bv Avwg XvKv K j R cövq cuwpk eqi wkÿkzv K iwq ` ki miv QvÎ `i cwo qwq Zv `i we kl K i weáv bi QvÎ `i Avwg cövqb wr M m KiZvg, Kx n Z PvI? A b KB ejz, Wv³vi Kb? gvby li Kj vy Ki Z PvB wkš ciez xkv j Zv `i hlb Wv³vi wn m e c qwq ZLb Zv `i A b KiB h Pnviv ` LwQ Zv Z gvbekj v Yi wpý Lye ewk Pv L c owb mlv b Kej wb Ri cövwß, wb Ri mg w, wb Ri ^v_ GKwU DbœZ ` k G ikguv NU j nq Zv Pj Z cv i wkš Avgv `i g Zv Abœ-e nxb `ytlx ` k c ii Rb Rxeb `Iqvi g Zv e`bvwe gvbyl hw` Ggbfv e k~b n q Av m Z e Avgv `i Pj e Kx K i Avgv `i mgv R GLb Avi mȳ ga weë bb Avgvi PvIqv GLv bb klñg K_v ejvi jvk bb _vgevi, cöz vl vb Kivi jvk bb mevb ïay QzU Q `yb `yõ Y Pvi, Pvi `yõ Y AvU, AvU `yõ Y lv jv, lv jv `yõ Y ewîk, ewîk `yõ Y PŠlwÆ, PŠlwÆ `yõ Y GKk AvUvkÑGgwbfv e gv_vq i³ IVv GKUv wek Z gw Í Amȳ mgvr GLb Avgv `i Pvicv k GKUv Lyb-Pvcv EaŸ k vm `k KejB MwZ _ K MwZ Z, Nvi _ K Nv ii fz i DavI Avi weaÿ Í niqv GKUv AvZ NvZx wekjv½ cwicvk mevb cvm ji g Zv ïay jyé b e Í AvR h hv cvi Q, hv K cvi Q jyu Ki Q Ó [m~î : iy`v cömv` mvnv, Ave`yjøvn Avey mvqx`, (mfvcwz, wek mvwnz K `ª) iy`v cömv` mvnv vikmöš, mvwnz cökvk, cökvkkvj Rvbyqvwi-2013, c ôv-27] Aa vck Ave`yjøvn Avey mvqx `i K_vi cöwzdjb cviqv hvq mv ek K UbxwZK I Kjvg jlk gwndwïb Avn g `i jlvq wzwb Avgv `i mgv R ivzvivwz MwR q IVv GK köwyi weëevb `i gvbwmkzv m ^ Ü wj L Qb, ÒAviwc mvnvi wecix Z Avgv `i jyébkvix `i ÔjvBd vbjõ Zzjbv Kiæb avbgwû, jkvb, ebvbx, evwiavivq _v K Zviv Zv `i KviI KviI AvPiY-K_vevZ vq g b n e Zv `i Rb Kv bv weªwuk ÔjW Õ cwiev i Avi jlvcov-bub, n v iv, A dvw, K vgweª R wkš K_v nj avbgwûi eqm Zv gvî 40 eqi, jkvb-ebvbxi 30, evwiavivi AviI Kg, 20 eqi avbgwû, jkvb, ebvbx, evwiavivi Av M Zv `i

32 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 31 Rb cövq wbwðzfv eb ejv hvq; wkš Zviv evev-gvi K_v fz j M Q R b i BwZnvm g b bb Zv `i B Qv K ib g b iv L bv Zviv g b ivl j Zv `i nvvr cviqv ÔAvwfRvZ Õ h av v LvqÓ [m~î : evsjv ` k Avi GKRb `vbexi Avi wc mvnvi Rb nj bv Kb? gwndwïb Avng`, mv ek K UbxwZK Kjvg jlk (ˆ`wbK msev` cwîkvi mšr b, cökvkkvj 2 ww m ^i 2004) iy`v cömv` mvnv vikmöš, mvwnz cökvk, cökvkkvj Rvbyqvwi-2013, c ôv-182] D jøl, iy`v cömv` mvnv, Rûiæj Bmjvg Ges Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii wpšív- PZbv I Kg c wzi ÿ Î ek wkqz wgj Luy R cviqv hvq GB wzbrb e w³i ÿ ÎB ejv P j, Guiv Self made man A_ vr ^cöwzwôz e w³z wzbrb e w³b wbr cö Póvq cöwzôv jv fi Rb Rxe bi ïiæ Z cöwzk j cwi e ki m ½ msmövg K i Qb jÿ e Z AwePj _ K K Vvi kög I mvabv Øviv Zuviv n q Qb weëevb Zuv `i weë I cövpzh Zuv `i mgvr Rxe b cöwzôv w` q Q, G b w` q Q L vwz wkš wecyj weë-ˆefe Gu `i Rxeb K weåvší Ki Z cv iwb, hv AwaKvsk weëevb `i Rxe b N U _v K eis Zuv `i ü` q mâvi K i Q GK bzzb evañae nwjz, D cwÿz, weënxb `ytlx gvby li mev, gvbyl K AÜKvi _ K Av jv Z wb q Avmv Ges wcwq q cov bvixmgv Ri g a wkÿv cömv ii gva g mgv Ri Dbœqb mvab Kiv Rûiæj Bmjvg wecyj A_ -we Ëi gvwjk nb g~jz wvkv`vwi e emv I AvevwmK cökí cwipvjbvi gva g hw`i Kg Rxe bi ïiæ Z wzwb wq jb mikv ii c~z gš Yvj qi Aaxb GKRb mvaviy Kg Pvix Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii Kg Rxeb ïiæ nq BwcAvi-Gi dzuej L jvqvo wn m e PvKwi cvevi gva g, ciez xkv j Uªv Ki e emv, wvkv`vwi I AvevwmK cökí e emv w` q cöpzi A_ -we Ëi gvwjk nb Rûiæj Bmjv gi Avw_ K mn hvwmzvq M o IVv A bk cöwzôv bi g a Zuvi wbr MÖvg evwrzcy i 1992 mv ji 26 AvM cöwzwôz gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj Ab Zg Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii Avw_ K mnvqzvq M o IVv cövq kzvwak cöwzôv bi g a wbr KvwZ Kcyi MÖv gi cvk ez x MÖvg gaycy i Aew Z g bvqviv wmk`vi gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj Ges Rqbyj nk

33 32 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z wmk`vi BDwbfvwm wu Ae mv qý A vû UK bvjwr Ab Zg gaycy i Aew Z nvmcvzvjwu K K `ª K i GKwU gww Kj K jr cöwzôvi cö Póv P ovší ch v q mikvwi Aby gv`b cviqvi A cÿvq wqj ek K qk eqi wkÿv eq i gww Kj K jrwu mikvwi Aby gv`b c q QvÎ fwz Kvh µg ïiæ n q Q D jøl, mikvwi Aby gv`b cviqvi ÿ Î K qk eqi AwZevwnZ niqvq Rqbyj nk wmk`vi gww Kj K jr bv Kivi wm vší wb qwq jb wkš evsjv `k mikv ii evwyr gš x Zvdv qj Avng` welqwu Rvb Z c i ^cö Yvw`Z n q e w³mz cö Póvq K j Ri Aby gv` bi e e v K ib KviY, Zvdv qj Avng` QvÎRxeb _ K wmk`vi mv ne K PvPv m ^vab K i Avm Qb Ges m m úk GLbI iÿv K i P j Qb Aciw` K wmk`vi mv nei Zvdv qj Avng` K memgq wbr mšív bi g Zv fv jvev mb evwyr gš x Zvdv qj Avng` MYcÖRvZš x evsjv `k mikv ii ^v gš Yvjq KZ K mkj emikvwi gww Kj K j R wkÿv_ x fwz i Rb 15.5 jÿ UvKv avh _vkvi cii g bvqviv wmk`vi gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzv ji cöwzôvzv Pqvig vb exi gyw³ hv v Rqbyj nk wmk`vi wbr GjvKvi

34 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 33 wkÿv_ x `i gyw³ hv v KvUv, Avbmvi I wfwwwc KvUv, cöwzeüx, Mwie I gavex `i my hvm-myweavi K_v wpšív K i 3 jÿ UvKv Kwg q 12.5 jÿ UvKv wba viy K i w` q Qb Avevi GB 12.5 jÿ UvKvI GKKvjxb Rgv bv wb q fwz i mgq cö_ g A a K I evwk UvKv ciez x 4 eq i 4 wkw Í Z cwi kva hvm GQvov gavex I Mwie wkÿv_ x `i Rb webvg~ j fwz i my hvmi i L Qb wzwb evsjv `k mikv ii gwš cwil `i `yrb gš x h_vµ g ^v gš x gvnv ` bvwmg Ges evwyr gš x Zvdv qj Avng` 9 AvM 2015 g bvqviv wmk`vi gww Kj K jrwu cwi`k b K ib g bvqviv wmk`vi gww Kj K jrwu cwi`k bkv j evsjv `k mikv ii gwš cwil `i `ybrb gš x h_vµ g ^v gš x gvnv ` bvwmg Ges evwyr gš x Zvdv qj Avng`mn Ab iv nwjkþvi _ K b g K jr fe b hv Qb MZ 9 AvM 2015 Zvwi L RW. GBP. wmk`vi weávb I cöhyw³ wek we` vj q Gg. BD. dvd Ûkb e wë cö`vb Abyôv b e³e cö`vbkv j ^v gš x Avkv cökvk K ib, Rqbyj nk wmk`vi KZ K cöwzwôz XvKvi RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I

35 34 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z RW. GBP. wmk`vi weávb I cöhyw³ wek we` vjq, Gg. BD. dvd Ûkb e wë cö`vb Abyôvb-2015 evsjv `k mikv ii gwš cwil `i `ybrb gš x h_vµ g ^v gš x gvnv ` bvwmg Ges evwyr gš x Zvdv qj Avng` nvmcvzvj hgb wek e vcx mycwiwpwz jvf K i Q Zgwb Zuvi wbr GjvKvq cöwzwôz g bvqviv wmk`vi gww Kj K jri GKw`b RvZxq ch v q köô gww Kj K jr wn m e cwiwpwz jvf Ki e iy`v cömv` mvnvi Rb 1896 mv ji 15 b f ^i gvî 7 eqi eq m gvzv Kzgyw`bx `ex cömekv j webv wpwkrmvq g Zz i ci wczv ` e `ªbv_ cvïvi wøzxq weevn K ib GKw` K wegvzvi wbôzi AvPiY Aciw` K jlvcovq AbMÖmiZvi Kvi Y iy`v cömv` Z Zxq köwyi ci Avi G Mv Z cvi jb bv G Ae vq Zv K gvgvevwo wkgywjqvq cvwv q `Iqv nq mlv bi œ ni Kv½vj hyek iy`v ewkw`b _vk Z cvi jb bv gvî 16 eqi eq m fvm AbymÜv bi Rb Avi wc mvnv gvgvevwo _ K cvwj q KjKvZv P j hvb mlv b RVi R vjv wbe wëi Rb KzwjwMwi, wi v Pvjv bv, KLbI-ev dwiiqvjv A_ev KjKvZv ij k b Le ii KvMR weµq K i Qb wbwø avq iy`v cömv` mvnv 1914 mv j cö_g wek hy i mgq e½j A v ^y jý Kv i ^ Qv mex wn m e mvgwik evwnbxi PvKwi Z hvm w` q 1917 mv j e½j iwr g U A vqx my e`vi gri nb Gici wzwb 1932 mv j i ji wuwku Kv j± ii PvKwi _ K B Ídv w` q e emv ïiæ K ib

36 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 35 iy`v cömv` mvnvi gvzv cöm~wz Ae vq webvwpwkrmvq g Zz eiy Kivi e vcviwu Zuvi Rxe b Mfxifv e ilvcvz K i ZvB wzwb ^v mevi Rb cöwzôv K ib Kzgyw`bx nvmcvzvj Ges bvix wkÿv cömv ii Rb cöwzôv K ib Kzgyw`bx gwnjv K jr I fvi Zk ix nvgm& iy`v cömv` mvnv Kzgyw`bx nvmcvzv ji Kv Q GKwU gwnjv gww Kj K jr vc bi j ÿ `ªæZ KvR K i hvw Q jb GwU wqj Zuvi A bk w` bi ^cœ 1971 mv j evsjv ` ki ^vaxbzv hy i mgq cvwk Ívb mvgwik evwnbx Zuv K nz v Ki j Zuvi mb ^cœ Avi mdj nqwb Zuvi g Zz i 30 eqi ci 3 Ryb 2001 mv j Kzgyw`bx gwnjv gww Kj K j Ri D Øvab nq (m~ît iy`v cömv` mvnvi Rxeb K_v, nbv myjzvbv, cökvkbv : wek mvwnz K `ª, PZz_ ms iy, mßg gỳ ªY, c ôv t 41) D jøl, 1947 mv j wm ju MY fv Ui mgq ZrKvjxb evsjvi cöavbgš x nv mb knx` mvniviqv` xi Aby iv a wb R GKRb wn `y n qi `vbexi ivq evnv`yi iy`v cömv` mvnv cvwk Ív bi c ÿ gymwjg Kg x `i e env ii Rb K qkwu jâ w` qwq jb e½eüzi Amgvß AvZ Rxebx eb qi G welqwu D jøl Av Q fv M i wk wbg g cwinvm, mb cvwk Ívwb mbvevwnbxi nv Z Rxeb w` Z n q Q iy`v cömv` mvnv K evsjv ` k emikvwi D ` v M cöwzwôz me cö_g nv U i wpwkrmvm ^wjz c~y v½ myweavmn nvmcvzvj I ` k cö_g gwnjv gww Kj K j Ri ( vwcz 5 AvM 1992) cöwzôvzv Rqbyj nk wmk`vi ejv P j, G ÿ Î wzwb cw_k r Rqbyj nk wmk`vi wb R K cöwzôv Kivi c~ e evwo _ K cvwj qwq jb gvî 19 eqi eq m abx wczvi R`x cyî Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii evwo _ K cvwj q XvKv Avmvi cöÿvcu wqj wfbœ evjk eq mb `~i`k x Rqbyj nk wmk`vi wczvi Kv Q 50 nvrvi UvKv P qwq jb bemwvz c~e cvwk Ív bi ivravbx XvKvq Rwg µ qi Rb wczv Zuvi cy Îi `~i`wk Zv eys Z bv c i cö Íve cöz vl vb K ib wczvi Kv Q _ K cöz vl vz n q Ges wczvi m ú `ib DËivwaKvix niqvi cöz vkv bv K i wbr

37 36 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z cö Póvq Rxe b cöwzwôz niqvi gb K i evwo _ K cvwj q hviqvi wm vší bb evjk Rqbyj nk wmk`vi D jøl, 2016 ch ší Zuvi GB 86 eqi eq m wzwb XvKv Z 400 wenv Rwg, wbr MÖvgv j 1500 wenv 2012 mv ji 13 b f ^i RW. GBP. wmk`vi BDwbfvwm wu Ae mvbý A vû UK bvjwr cwi`k b hvb jlk ew`d¾vgvb PŠayix Qwe Z jl Ki Wv b I ev g Zwjcvov Rqwgqv cxi mv n ei es ki `yb mšívb h_vµ g ˆmq` Igi dviæk I ˆmq` wbmvi Avn g` bv e` Rwgmn evsjv ` ki evb i we k i wewfbœ v b AviI K qkkz wenv Rwg wbr AwR Z A _ µq K i Qb Avmv gi evwo _ K cvwj q XvKvq G m GKRb `ÿ dzuej L jvqvo wn m e AvavmvgwiK evwnbx Z hvm w` q PvKwii cvkvcvwk iv Z wb R Uªv Ki WªvBfv ii KvR Ki Z wøav K ibwb KwVb Aa emvq, Aweivg mvabv, ` p cöz q Øviv Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Zuvi evjk eq mi wpšív ÔAvevmb e emvõi mdjzv ev Í e iƒc `b DwjøwLZ welq jv wb q wpšív Ki Z Ki Z iv Ívi cv ki cöavb duk cvi n q wkqz`~i GwM q wek we` vj qi g~j K v úvm fe bi Mvwoeviv `vq G m Avgiv _vgjvg GLv b K qkrb wkÿv_ x Q j g qi m ½ `Lv

38 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 37 n jv Giv KD Bs iwr, KD AvBb welq wb q Abvm Ki Q Zv `i cö_g mwg vi kl n q Q ez gv b (2012) Zviv wøzxq mwg v ii wkÿv_ x Rvbv Mj, wek we` vj qi wkÿvµ g Zviv mš ó KviY D Pwkÿvq wkwÿz wkÿkgðjx KZ K cwipvwjz cöwkÿy e e vq GLv b Pvjy Kiv n q Q gvwëwgwwqvmn AvaywbK c wz RW. GBP. wmk`vi BDwbfvwm wui wkÿv_ xiv hv `i m ½ K_v nw Qj, Zviv cvk ez x MÖvg jv _ K GLv b co Z G m Q MÖv g emevm K i AvaywbK DbœZgv bi cöwkÿy cviqv Zv `i Kv Q wqj Awek vm wek we` vj qi gvu PviwU d vkvjwui bqwu wefv M wkÿv_ x fwz Kiv n Q wefvm jv n Q Bs iwr, AvBb, e emv cökvmb, cwi ek weávb I `y h vm e e vcbv, Rb ^v, wmwfj BwÄwbqvwis, B jkwuªk I B jkuªwbk BwÄwbqvwis, Kw úduvi BwÄwbqvwis Ges KwgK vj BwÄwbqvwis we ÍxY gv Vi Dci e ËvK wzi mywekvj febwui g a i q Q g bvgy»ki meyr PZ i 200 wenv Rwg wb q wewfbœ AeKvVv gv

39 38 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z RW. GBP. wmk`vi BDwbfvwm wu fe bi mvg b we ÍxY meyr PZ i wbg v Yi KvR Pj Q 6 GKi Rwgi Dci wbwg Z n q Q wek we` vj qi g~j K v úvm feb e ËvKvi `vzjv febwu Z `yb jÿ em dzu e env ivc hvmx iæg úm i q Q wek we` vj qi wfwë vcb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi weávb I cöhyw³ wek we` vj qi wfwë cö Íi vwcz nq 2011 mv ji 18 RyjvB G m ^ Ü XvKvi ˆ`wbK bqv w`mší cwîkvq 20 RyjvB cökvwkz wi cvu _ K Rvbv hvq h, Ò2011 mv ji 18 RyjvB kixqzcyi Rjvi f`imä Dc Rjvi KvwZ Kcy ii gaycy i wmk`vi gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzv ji cöwzôvzv, wkícwz, wkÿvbyivmx I mgvr mek Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii wbr ^ A_ vq b 18 wenv, (6 GKi) Rwgi Ici RW. GBP. wmk`vi weávb I cöhyw³ wek we` vjqmn PviwU RbKj vyg~jk cöwzôv bi wfwë cö Íi vwcz nq Ab cöwzôvb jv n Q RW. GBP. wmk`vi weávb I cöhyw³ wek we` vjq QvÎvevm, cvifxb nk wmk`vi cöexy wn Zlx wbevm I cvifxb nk wmk`vi `ȳ wbevm G Dcj ÿ MZ mvgevi 18 RyjvB we K j b vkbvj e vs Ki mv ek Pqvig vb cvifxb nk wmk`v ii mfvcwz Z D Øvabx Abyôv b cöavb AwZw_ wq jb-wmk`vi gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzv ji cöwzôvzv,

40 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 39 b vkbvj e vs Ki Pqvig vb, wkícwz, wkÿvbyivmx I mgvr mek Rqbyj nk wmk`vi we kl AwZw_ wq jb XvKv wek we` vjq wkÿk mwgwzi mfvcwz cö dmi W. Av bvqvi nv mb, mv ek Ggwc (Ae.) gri Av³viD¾vgvb XvKv wek we` vj qi cywó I Lv` weávb wefv Mi cö dmi W. AvãyR Rv ni I W. wbrvgyj nk Ab v b i g a e³e iv Lb f`imä cšimfvi gqi Avãyj gvbœvb nvijv`vi, f`imä Dc Rjv cwil `i fvbm Pqvig vb Avãyj gvbœvb ivpx, gwnlvi BDwbqb cwil `i Pqvig vb byiæj Bmjvg wmk`vi, ivgf`ªcyi BDwbqb cwil `i Pqvig vb wecøe wmk`vi, bvivqycyi BDwbqb cwil `i Pqvig vb mvjvn DwÏb gvzei Abyôvb cwipvjbv K ib b vkbvj e vs Ki GgwW mwdkzi ingvbó wek we` vjq cöwzôvi Mvovi K_v RW. GBP. wmk`vi weávb I cöhyw³ wek we` vjq cöwzôvi Mvovi K_ v jv cökvk K i Qb Aa vck W. ˆmq` ivwk`yj nvmvb, XvKv wek we` vjq, cöv³b DcvPvh, RvZxq wek we` vjq Ges Dc `óv, RW. GBP. wmk`vi weávb I cöhyw³ wek we` vjq wzwb Ôwj RÛvix RW. GBP. wmk`vi 2003 wksev 2004 Gi K_vÕ wk ivbv g GK wbe Ü j Lb, ÒAvwg ZLb ` ki m e v P we` vwcv XvKv wek we` vj qi UªRvivi wek we` vj qi Avw_ K w`kqvovi Avgvi `vwqz c owqj XvKv wek we` vj qi Awafy³ emikvwi gww Kj K jr jvi `Lfvj Kiv GKw`b Avgvi Kv Q msev` G jv ` ki GKgvÎ gwnjv gww Kj K j Ri wkqz Ae e vcbvi Kvi Y Zv `i QvÎxfwZ mn Ab vb Kg KvÛ eü ivlvi wb ` k w` q Q wek we` vjq Avgvi Kv Q wkqzuv Awek vm g b n jv GiB gv S Avwg Avgvi GK eüyi nv U i wkqz mgm v _vkvq Zvi mv _ RW. GBP. wmk`vi gww Kj K j R hvevi my hvm n qwqj K j Ri Wv³vi, bvm, AvaywbK hš cvwz Ges ivmxi msl v ` L Avgvi AevK nevi cvjv Avgvi ` p wek vm n jv, Ggb GKwU cöwzôvb whwb M o Zz j Qb wzwb wbðqb A bk DuPzg bi gvbyl

41 40 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z ciez x Z Rbve Rqbyj nk wmk`vi m ú K Rvbjvg A bk wkqz kª vq gv_v by q G jv Ggb gnvb e w³wui cöwz ZvB, Ggb GK e w³i cöwzôvb m ^ Ü XvKv wek we` vj qi M nxz e e vi K_v ï b Avgvi Kv Q LUKv jvm jv Avwg gww Kj K jr jvi `vwq Z _vkvi Kvi Y wb RB RW. GBP. wmk`vi gww Kj K jr cwi`k bi B Qv cökvk Kijvg Avwg e w³mzfv e K j R wm q Zvi cöwzwu kªwyk, j ve Ges Ab vb my hvm-myweav `Ljvg me k l `Lv n jv mb gnvb e w³wui mv _ hvui cöwz Avgvi cömvp kª vi m wó n qwqj Av iv Av MB kvší mšg I ZR`xß GK e w³ Zvi Awdm K Avgv `i ^vmz Rvwb q cö_ gb h K_vwU e jwq jb, Avwg Av Rv Zv g b Ki Z cvwi wzwb Avgv K ` L e jwq jb Bqs g vb, Avcbv K GZ `vwqz kxj c ` ` L Avwg Lye Lywk n qwq wzwb Av iv e jwq jb, Avgvi i ³ Mov GB gww Kj K j R XvKv wek we` vj qi D P c` KD GKRb GB cö_g cwi`k b G jb Avgvi g b c o, Avwg wek we` vj q wd i G mb RW. GBP. wmk`vi gww Kj K j Ri weiæ biqv mg Í e e v K AbwZwej ^ iwnz Kwi Rbve wmk`vi mv n ei mv _ cwip qi m~îcvz Ggb K ib n qwqj ZLb _ KB wzwb Avgv K AZ ší œ ni Pv L `L Zb Ges AvwgI GKw`b Avwe vi Kijvg Avwg Zvu K PvPv m ^vab ïiæ K i w` qwq wzwb GKevi XvKv _ K jâ fvov K i Avgvi cwievi Ges Zvui cwievimn Av iv A bk Wv³vi Ges bvm mn mivmwi Avgv `i K Zvi MÖv gi evwo f`imä Dc Rjvi gaycyi MÖv g wb q wm qwq jb ZLb mb MÖv g iv Zi ejv kvbv hz LKwkqv ji WvK XvKvi Kg e ÍZvi g a Ggb Mnxb MÖv g wm q ivz KvUv bvi ivgvâki AwfÁZv Avgvi cwiev ii Kv ivib wqjbv MÖv gi avb Zi AvB ji miæ iv Ív w` q Pj Z Pj Z wzwb ejwq jb MÖv gi Dbœq bi K_v, mnr mij gvbyl jvi Rxe b GKUz ^w Í Avbvi K_v `wl qwq jb A bk gmwr`, gv`ªvmv, zj hv wzwb Avi Zvui hvm mnawg Yx g bvqviv wmk`vi M o Zz jwq jb wzjwzj K i

42 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 41 Gici A bk w`b cwi q hvq ek KÕeQi Zvui mv _ `LvI nqwb, K_vI nqwb nvvr 2012 mv ji cö_g w` K wzwb Avgv K Riæwifv e W K cvvv jb Avwg Zvui Kv Q M j wzwb ej jb, evev Zzwg wk kvbwb Avgvi MÖv g Avwg GKUv wek we` vjq cöwzôv Ki Z hvw Q Gi K v úvm wewìs n q M Q GLb Zzwg ILv b DcvPvh wnmv e Av mv Avwg Zv nzevk Agb Mnxb MÖv g wek we` vjq? K co e? K Pvjv e? Kgb K i Pj e? A bk wpšív gv_vq G jv wzwb Avgvi PzcPvc _vkvi KviY evanq ey S wm qwq jb Avgv K ej jb, GB wek we` vjq cöwzôv Ki Z Avgvi GB ch ší cövq cuwpk KvwU UvKvi Dci LiP n q M Q Avwg Avgvi GjvKvi `wi`ª myweavewâz ZiæY cör b i D Pwk vi my hvm Kivi Rb B GB wek we` vjq cöwzôv K iwq A_ DcvR bi Rb Avwg GB wek we` vjq cöwzôv Kwiwb GLvb _ K Avwg GKwU cqmvi MÖnY Kiebv Avgvi GKUvB Aby iva Zvgiv Avgvi nz`wi`ª MÖv gi mšívb `i mywk v cö`vb K i Zv `i K gvbyl K i Zvj GUv ZB Avgvi kvwší PvPvi Ggb mỳ p PZbv Avi ^ cœi K_v ï b AvwgI hb wd i cjvg AvZ wek vm Z e XvKv wek we` vjq _ K QzwU bv cvevi Kvi Y Avgvi mlv b DcvPvh wnmv e hvm`vb Kiv nqwb wkš mb mgq _ KB RW. GBP. wmk`vi weávb I cöhyw³ wek we` vj qi GKRb Dc `óv wnmv e KvR K i hvw Q PvPvi ^ cœi mv _ AvgviI ^cœ wgwj q DØy n qwq MÖvg _ K bz Z m wó Kivi gnvb wgk b h Kvb gvbyl AvR mb Mnxb MÖv g G m GB wek we` vj qi D Qj nvwmlywk ZiæY-ZiæYx `i `L jb gy» n q hv eb, AvZ wek vm wd i cv eb, evsjv `k K `vwe q ivl Z cvi ebv KD AwZ m úªwz D³ wek we` vj qi cv kb Zvui my hvm gnxqmx x g bvqviv wmk`vi Gi bv g cöwzôv K i Qb g bvqviv wmk`vi gww Kj K jr Ges nvmcvzvj ez gvb mkb _ KB 40 Rb QvÎ- QvÎx wb q ïiæ n q Q Zvi GKv WwgK Kvh µg AvR AL vz gaycyi MÖvg cwiyz n q Q evsjv ` ki Ab Zg cöavb GKv WwgK nve wnmv e GB mvd j i mv _ hvi bvg wpi iyxq n q _vk e wzwb Avgv `i c_ cö`k K, Avgv `i AvBWj Rbve Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Ó

43 42 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z wek we` vj q cö ek Kijvg Avgiv fe bi cö ekc_ w` q XzK ZB Pv L coj evsjv ` ki cwz RvwZi RbK e½eüz kl gywreyi ingv bi GKUv wekvj gÿ ivj gÿ iv ji RW. GBP. wmk`vi BDwbfvwm wui cö ekc _ evsjv ` ki cwz RvwZi RbK e½eüz kl gywreyi ingv bi gy ivj cq bi `Iqv j Uvbv bv i q Q RvwZi wczv kl gywreyi ingvb, gywre Kb v cöavb gš x kl nvwmbv, wek we` vj qi cöwzôvzv Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Ges Zuvi x g bvqviv wmk`v ii d«g euvav bv Qwe Qwe ` L Avgvi wzc U f m DVj 1971 mv j gyw³hy i wewkó msmvk I mivmwi hy AskMÖnYKvix, bmvb nv Z gvsvwi Mo bi wqcwq c ga eqm QzuBQzuB mvnmx GK exi gyw³ hv vi Pnviv gyw³hy PjvKv j Avwg ek wkqzw`b wqjvg KvwZ Kcyi AÂ j Avgvi wkqz mgq K UwQj KLbI Zuvi evwo Z, KLbI Zuvi bškvq D jøl, wbivcëvi Kvi Y Avgiv m mgq ewkifvm ivzb bškvq KvUvZvg Qwe ` L g b nw Qj, Pwjøk eq ii e eav b Zuvi eqm evovi m ½ m ½ ^v Uv fvix n q Q Zuvi bz Z gyw³ hv viv ZLbKvi c~e gv`vixcy ii PviwU _vbvñbwoqv, f`imä, cvjs I MvmvBinvU cvwk Ívb evwnbxi nvz _ K gy³ K iwqj

44 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 43 g b c o f`imä _vbv gy³ Kivi mgq kîæcÿ gu vi kj wb ÿc KiwQj H mgq eq ii GKwU Q j Avwbm DwÏb mi`vi mzk Kivi D Ï k wprkvi K i Rqbyj nk wmk`vi K ejwqj, Ôm vi Avcbvi w` K gu vi kj hv QÕ Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Zuvi cv k `Ðvqgvb Rqbvj Av e`xb my e`vi I bwoqv _vbv gyw³evwnbx KgvÛvi g Uz K wb q cvwb Z Wze `b Ges wbn vz g Zz i nvz _ K eu P hvb gu vi kjwu Zv `i 8-10 dzu `~ i cvwb Z G m c o we ùvwiz k ji eviæ `i Av b mzk Kvix Q j Avwbm DwÏb mi`vi knx` nq Rqbyj nk wmk`vi K cö_g `wl m ezõ71-gi RyjvB-AvM gv m KvwZ Kcyi jânv U mviv ` k Pj Q gyw³hy ZLb wmk`vi mv ne wq jb jyw½ I nvd kvu cwiwnz x K wzwb ZLb XvKvMvgx j  wkqz gvjvgvjmn DV Z mvnvh KiwQ jb nv Z, Kv b, Mjvq ^vfvwekzvi P q AwZwi³ mvbvi Mnbv cwiwnz x K cvwk Ívb mvgwik evwnbx KZ K Aeiæ XvKv kn i cvvv bvi ` k ` L Avgvi g b LUKv jv M Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv ne K B Zvc~ e bv `L ji mvj _ K Zuvi bv gi m ½ Avwg cwiwpz n q D VwQjvg H mgq Zuvi eofvb gcbyj nk wmk`v ii Q j Gg G irv RMbœv_ K j Ri QvÎjxM bzv Ges QvÎ msm `i wfwc wq jb D jøl, Avwg `yb eqi QvÎjxM K `ªxq KwgwUi m`m wqjvg Ges e nëi dwi`cyi Rjv QvÎjxM KwgwUiI mfvcwz wqjvg ZLbKvi RbwcÖq QvÎ bzv Gg G irv mvaviy QvÎ `i g a Av jvpbvi welqe wq jb `ywu Kvi Y cö_gwu wqj, Zvi ˆ`wnK MVb, wzwb hgb Qq dz Ui ewk j ^v, Zgwb wq jb AwZwi³ gvuv ZvB, ^vfvwekfv eb mk ji ` wó Zvi cöwz AvKwl Z n Zv wøzxq KviYwU wqj, K j R QvÎve vq wzwb e w³mz gvuimvwo Pvjv Zb K j R QvÎve vq Mvwo Pvjv bv H mgq GKwU e wzµgx welq wn m e we ewpz n Zv

45 44 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z m mgqb Avwg Rvb Z cvwi h, irvi PvPv Rqbyj nk wmk`vi A bk A_ we Ëi gvwjk wzwb Zvi fvwzrv K QvÎ ivrbxwzi Rb AKvZ i A_ w` Zb GQvov wzwb kl gywreyi ingv bi (ciez x Kv j e½eüz) AwZ wbkurb Ges Zuvi ivr bwzk Av` k i GKwbô mg_ K kl gywreyi ingvb Zuvi fvwmbv kl drjyj nk gwy K Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei fvwzrv Gg G irvi m ½ e emv Kivi Rb cö Íve K iwq jb Ges wb RB H e emv cöwzôv bi bvg i LwQ jb Ô kl A vû wmk`vi Kv úvbxõ kl drjyj nk gwy Gg G irv jânv Ui mw` bi mb ` k `Lvi K qkw`b ci KvwZ Kcyi nvb z ji cöavb wkÿk Avwgi nv mb mv n ei m ½ Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii evwo Z gyw³hy wel q GK Av jvpbv mfvq hvm `B Av jvpbvi k l Avwg wmk`vi mv n ei Kv Q jânv Ui mw` bi NUbvi inm Rvb Z PvBjvg Dwb Rvbv jb h Zuvi xi m ½ cvvv bv gvjcî jvi fz i meb wqj cvwk Ívb mikvi KZ K wwgwbuvbr (gỳ ªv g~j iwnz) 100 UvKvi bvu hv e vs Ki gva g e`jv bvi Rb XvKv cvvv bv n q Q Zuvi xi Mv q AZ jv Mnbv m ^ Ü Rvbv jb, hw` cvwk Ívb Avwg ewk jvf K i Z e mvbvi Mnbv wb q b e Zvn j AšÍZ UvKv jv eu P h Z cv i KviY ` ki G mskugq

46 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 45 gyn~ Z mvbvi Mnbvi P q UvKvi g~j Avgvi Kv Q ewk mw`b Zuvi eyw gëvi cwipq c q Gg G irvi PvPv wn m e AvwgI Zuv K PvPv e j m ^vab Ki Z ïiæ Kijvg D jøl, Avwgi nv mb mv ne bwoqv _vbvi PvgUv BDwbq bi Zwjcvov MÖv gi evwm `v wq jb wzwb cö_g Rxe b cvwk Ívb wegvb evwnbx Z PvKwi Ki Zb ILvb _ K ^ Qvq Aemi wb q KvwZ Kcyi nvb z ji cöavb wkÿk nb wkÿkzvi cvkvcvwk wzwb mgvr mev I ivrbxwzi m ½ m ú ³ wq jb wzwb PvgUv KvwZ Kcyi nvb z ji Õ70 `k Ki cöavb ew`d¾vgvb PŠayix wkÿk Avwgi nv mb gv vi GB eb qi jlk (1971) BDwbq bi Pqvig vb wn m e `xn w`b RbM Yi mev K i Qb Õ71-Gi ^vaxbzv hy i mgq Avwgi nv mb gv vi mv ne Ges GB eb qi jlk (ew`d¾vgvb PŠayix) hš_fv e GjvKvq gyw³hy i msmvk wn m e KvR K ib GLv b AviI D jøl Kiv hvq h, Õ71-Gi ^vaxbzv hy i mgqi Avwgi nv mb PvgUv BDwbq bi Pqvig vb _vkvq, Zuvi ewjô bz Z i Kvi Y PvgUv BDwbq bi fz i cvwk Ívbcš x Kv bv kvwší KwgwU MwVZ nqwb ev ivrvkvi I Avje` i KD bvg jlvqwb d j dwi`cyi m`i, gv`vixcyi, ewikvj, XvKv, Puv`cyi, Kzwgjøv AÂ ji eû wn `y I gymwjg cwievi wbivc ` ^vaxbzv ch ší GB BDwbq b AvkÖq wb qwq jb

47 46 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z ciez xkv j Avwg Rvb Z cvwi h, wmk`vi mv ne Zuvi x, QvU Q j I gs g qi m ½ cvvv bv gvjcî jvi fz i cvwk Ívb mikvi KZ K wwgwbuvbrk Z (gỳ ªv g~j iwnz) h UvKv cvwv qwq jb m m ú K x K ch ší Av M Rvbvbwb gyw³hy PjvKvjxb mgq Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei m ½ `Lv n q Q, GK m ½ _ KwQ; wkš `k ^vaxb niqvi ci Zuvi mv _ Avi `Lv nqwb B Zvg a PwjøkwU eqi cvi n q M Q AvR Zuvi cöwzwôz wek we` vj qi cö ek gy L `uvwo q Õ71-Gi wz ivgš b Ki Z jvmjvg KvwZ Kcyi wmk`vi cwievi Rqbyj nk wmk`vi KvwZ Kcy ii h cwiev i Rb MÖnY K ib m cwiev ii Dcvwa n Q ÔwmK`viÕ ez gv b wmk`vi kãwu Dcvwa wn m e e eüz n ji AZx Z ÔwmK`viÕ kã Øviv cökvmwbk Kg KZ v `i c`we evsv bv n Zv wmk`vi kãwu AwfavwbKfv e ÔkÕ w` q jlv n q _v K Z e evsjv ` ki Kv bv Kv bv cwievi Zv `i Dcvwa wn m e ÔmÕ w` q wmk`vi kãwu wj L _v Kb wkk`vi/wmk`vi k ãi AwfavwbK A_ n Q ÔwkKÕ cimbvi g Zv f ivr ^ Av`vq GjvKv : Zone H GjvKvi ivr ^ Av`v qi I cökvm bi `vwq Z wbhy³ Kg PvixB wkk`vi Aviwe kã wml + dvwm kã `vi wgwjz n q wkk`vi k ãi DrcwË n q Q wkk`vi kã m ^ Ü evsjvwcwwqv Z wjlv n q Q ÔwkK`vi kikvn&-gi ÔwkKÕ bvgk cökvmwbk wefv Mi cöavb c~e ez x wn `y I ZzwK -AvdMvb kvmbvg j cö `kmg~n K K qkwu Rjvq fvm K i bzzb cökvmwbk e e v Pvjy Kiv n qwqj myjzvwb Avg j GB bzzb Rjvmg~n K ejv n Zv ÔwkKÕ Z e GB mg qi wkkmg~n mymwvz ev k LwjZ wqjbv kikvn& cö_g Rjv ch v q ÔmiKviÕ bv g GKwU wbqwgz Ges myk Lj

48 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 47 cökvmwbk e e vi cöez b K ib Ges `ybrb cöavb `vwqz kxj Kg KZ vi Aax b mikv ii `vwqz Ac Y Kiv nq hgb : 1. cöavb wkk`vi (wkk`vi-b-wkk`vivb) Bwb cökvm bi cöavb wbe vnx Kg KZ v Ges 2. cöavb gy Ýd (gy Ýd-B-gy Ýdvb) Gi ciez xkv j kikvn& cimbvi kvmb e e v K X j mvrvb Ges K qkwu bzzb Kg KZ vi c` m wó K ib hgb- 1. mxwgz ÿgzvi AwaKvix wkk`vi ev mbv AwabvqK Ges cywjk evwnbxi cöavb 2. Avwgb ev gy Ýd 3. dvzvn`vi ev Kvlva ÿ 4. KviKzÝ ev ikw iÿk Zuvi Avg j wkk`vi I Avwgb h_vµ g cimbvi mvgwik I ivr ^ wefv Mi Kg KZ viƒ c wb qvwrz wq jb kikv n&i cökvmwbk GK K K qkwu MÖvg wb q cimbv MwVZ n qwqj Ges ZLb wkk`vi cywj ki `vwqz cvjb Ki Zb gynj cökvm bi Aax b m ªvU AvKei Rjv ev mikvimg~n K K qkwu cimbv ev gn j wef³ K iwq jb Ges cö Z K cimbvq cuvprb K i cöavb Kg KZ vi c` m wó K ib Zuv `i g a wkk`vi (ev PŠwK`vi) wq jb cö Z K mikv ii Dc-wefvM cimbvi dšr`v ii Aaxb cöavb wbe vnx Ges g vwr ªU, AvBb-k Ljv iÿvkvix, dšr`vwi wepvikvh cwipvjbv cöf wzi `vwqz cövß wkk`vimy mikvi ev Rjvi ivr ^ wefv Mi Kg KZ v ev Avwgb ev Avgj Rvi K cö qvr b ivr ^ Av`v qi Kv R mn hvwmzv Kivi Rb Av `kcövß wq jb ZvQvovI wkk`vi bvg, ckv I wvkvbvmn vbxq Awaevmxi Rwgi cwigv Yi wnmve biqvi Rb I `vwqz cövß nb wkk`vi g~jz f wg ivr ^ Av`v qi Rb wbhy³ Kg Pvix KL bv KL bv GB bvg ev c`wewu cöv `wkk kvmbkz vi A_ bwzk `vwqz msµvší wel qi cö qvm Kiv n Zv LvRbv`vi ev Kvlva ÿi Kv bv cökvi Avek Kxq Li Pi cö qvrb n j `Iqv bi Av `kcî bv _vk ji wkk`v ii Av ` k wzwb mb LiP Ki Z cvi Zb Ges c i Zv cökvmb K AewnZ Ki Zb A_ vr GB mg q Avwgb I KviKz bi m ½ wkk`vimy hš_fv e cimbvi

49 48 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z KvlvMv i RgvK Z A _ i h_v_ wezi Yi e e vi `vwqz cvjb Ki Z cvi Zb cö_g w` K wkk`vi GKRb mvgwik Kg KZ v _ K gynj kvmbvg j ivr ^ wefv Mi Kg KZ v wn m e `vwqz cövß nb wmk`vi kãwu AvVv iv kzk ch ší Pvjy wqj Zvi ciez x mgq _ K GB kãwu cökvmwbk Kg KZ v `i c`we _ K cvwievwik Dcvwa Z iƒcvšíwiz nq [m~î t evsjvwcwwqv wøzxq ms iy, Ryb-2011, 12 LÐ, c ôv ] ez gv b `Lv hvq wmk`vi c`we ïay gymjgvb `i cvwievwik Dcvwa bq, mbvzb a g i jvk `i fz ii wmk`vi Dcvwa Av Q dwi`cy ii KvbvBcy ii wn `y Rwg`vi `i c`we ÔwkK`viÕ kixqzcyi Rjvq wzbwu gymwjg wmk`vi cwievi D jøl hvm Zvi cö_gwu ÔKvwZ Kcy iiõ wmk`vi cwievi, wøzxqwu ÔmvUzwiqviÕ wmk`vi cwievi Ges Z ZxqwU n Q ÔjvKvZ võ wmk`vi cwievi KvwZ Kcy ii wmk`vi cwiev ii c~e cyiæ li h bv gi ZvwjKv cviqv hvq Zv Z `Lv hvq Avjx irv wmk`vi bv g GK e w³ whwb A bk jv Zvjy Ki gvwjk (Rwg`vi) wq jb Avjx irv wmk`v ii cyî gwzdjøvn wmk`vi gwzdjøvn wmk`v ii Pvi cyî, GK Kb v Pvi cyî n Qb (1) gk&di DwÏb wmk`vi (2) Ave`yj AvwRR wmk`vi (3) ˆQqRDwÏb wmk`vi I (4) Ave`yj gwr` wmk`vi GKgvÎ Kb v R e`v LvZzb gwzdjøvn wmk`v ii cö_g cyî gk&di DwÏb wmk`v ii 4 cyî cyîiv n Qb (1) gcbyj nk wmk`vi (2) drjyj nk wmk`vi (3) Rqbyj nk wmk`vi I (4) b~iæj nk wmk`vi cvwievwik m~î _ K AviI Rvbv hvq h, Avjx irv wmk`v ii cyî gwzdjøvn wmk`vi Zvi wczvi ZvjyK`vwi _ K 7wU Zvjy Ki Iqvwik nb GB 7wU ZvjyK _ K GKwU ZvjyK fvm K ji Rwg`vi `i wbku ZrKv j 5 nvrvi UvKvq wewµ K i Avmv gi Mvqvjcvov Rjvi wejvmxcvovq emevm ïiæ K ib wejvmxcvov wqj ayewo _ K 22 gvbj DË i wzwb vbxq gnvivr _ K brivbvi wewbg q Qvciv

50 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 49 Ui `yb nvrvi wenv ebf wgi RvqMv cövß nb Rqbyj nk wmk`vimn Zuvi Pvi fvb qi Rb nq Avmv g Rqbyj n Ki Rb 12 AvM 1930 mv j 1947 mv j fviz fvm n q cvwk Ívb I wn `ȳ vb bv g `yõwu c _K ^vaxb ivóª niqvi ci Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Abyaveb K iwq jb h wn `y-gymjgvb `yõwu a g i gvby li g a ivr bwzk ˆewiZvi gva g h `yõwu c _K iv óªi m wó n q Q, Zvi d j fvi Zi c~e vâ ji ivóª I evg vq emevmiz c~e e½ _ K AvMZ gymjgvbiv G AÂ j ewkw`b kvwší Z emevm Ki Z cvi e bv ZvB wzwb Zuvi wczvi Kv Q c~e cvwk Ív bi ivravbx XvKvq Rwg µq K i vqxfv e emev mi Rb 50 (câvk) nvrvi UvKv P qwq jb; m K_v Av M e jwq wkš Zuvi wczv G cö Ív e m Z bv niqv Z wzwb 1949 mv ji m Þ ^i gv m Avmv gi evwo _ K cvwj q XvKvq P j Av mb Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii KvwZ Kcy ii ˆcwÎK evwo ÔcwjøKzwViÕ Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii `~i`wk Zv ev ÍeZvq iƒc jvf K i 1950 mv j Avmv g wn `y-gymwjg ivq Ui g a w` q ivq U ÿwzmö Í n q Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii wczv gk&di DwÏb wmk`vi Zuvi wekvj f -

51 50 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z m úwë, Kv Vi e emv I wvkv`vix e emv d j i L cwievi cwirbmn e emvi cyuwri gvî `k jÿ UvKv m ^j wb q ˆcwÎK evwo KvwZ Kcy i wd i Av mb D jøl, wøzxq wek hy i mgq Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii wczv gk&di DÏxb wmk`vi, mbvevwnbxi Rb Avmv gi iæcmxi Mvqvj cvovq bzzb wegvb NvwU wbg v Yi wvkv`vwii KvR K ib GQvov c`vwzk evwnbxi Rb Avmv gi wejvmxcvov _ K ˆeVvgvix ch ší 25 gvbj `xn iv Ív I K qkwu weªr wbg v Yi KvRI K ib GB e emvq Zvi jÿ jÿ UvKv jvf nq wzwb 1940 `k K Avmv gi myigv f vwj e vs Ki cwipvjk wq jb G mgq Zvi e w³mz gui Mvwoi WªvBfvi wqj DÏy fvlx mb myev ` evjk eq m Rqbyj nk wmk`vi DÏy fvlv ej Z cvi`wk Zv AR b K ib, hv Zvi BwcAv i dzuej L jvqvi wn m e PvKwi c Z mnvqk n qwqj G mgq wzwb Avmv gi ev½vwj Awfevmx n qi AZ ší cöfvekvjx e w³z wq jb m mgq Zvi Rxe bi GKwU NUbv Avmvgevmxiv kö vi mv _ ^iy K i NUbvwU wqj- Ôw`wjø _ K Kvwngv ch ší we Í Z iv ÍvwU Mvqvjcvov Rjvi wejvmxcvovi wfzi w` q P j M Q iv ÍvwU wqj AwZ DuPz GKevi AwZel Yi Kvi Y iv Ívi DËi w` K Mvqvjcvov, KeyZiLvZv, `ym vcyi I jw²mämn Ab b MÖvg jv Z eb v `Lv `q MÖvgevmx `i Rxe b b g Av m AeY bxq `ytl `ỳ kv Rjv cökvmbmn GjvKvi cöfvekvjx e w³m Yi wbku MÖvgvevmxiv iv Ív K U cvwb wbm g bi e e v Kivi Rb Aby iva K i h nzz iv ÍvwU w` q wgwjuvwi Kbfq hvzvqvz KiZ, ZvB KD `vwqz wb q iv Ív KvUvi mvnm cvbwb wkš gk&di DwÏb wmk`vi mv ne MÖvgevmx `i iÿv _ iv Ív K U `b G wel q Rjv cökvmb ˆKwdqZ Zje Ki j wzwb e jb, MÖvgevmx `i iÿv _ wzwb G KvR K i Qb welqwu GLv b wb úwë n q hvq c i wgwjuvwi Kbfq hvzvqv Zi Rb dwi mvwf mi e e v Kiv nq

52 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 51 KvwZ Kcyi GKwU HwZn evnx MÖvg KvwZ Kcyi ïay GKwU mvaviy MÖvg bq GwU GKwU HwZn evnx vb GLv b emevmkvix A bk cwiev ii g a wmk`vi I PŠayix cwievi we klfv e D jøl hvm wmk`vi cwievi hgb HwZn evnx, Zgwb PŠayix cwiev ii BwZnvmI K qkkz eq ii MuŠieMv_vq mg KvwZ Kcyi GK mgq weµgcy ii Rwg`vi evsjvi ev iv f ubqv `i Ab Zg K`vi iv qi kvmbvaxb wqj c~ e G AÂj nvmjv cimbv bv g cwiwpz wqj ez gv b G bv g h vbwu we` gvb Av Q Zvi cök Z bvg ûmwj [m~î t kixqzcyi AZxZ I ez gvb Avãyi ie wmk`vi-c ôv 55] K`vi iv qi ivravbx wqj KvjxM½v b`xi ZxieZ x köxcy i wecyj msl K iyzixi AwaKvix K`vi ivq KwZcq fvm v š^lx czz wmr K Zuvi iyzixi Aa ÿ wb qvm K ib G `i g a wel vz wq jb Kvf v bv gynj AvMÖvm bi weiæ K`vi iv qi ex ivwpz cöwz iva weµgcy ii MŠie e w K i 1603 mv j evsjvq gynj kvmk `i my e`vi gvbwms ni m ½ weµgcy ii A`~ i GK fxly hy K`vi ivq AvnZ I ew ` nb Ges 1603 mv ji gvp gv m wzwb g Zz eiy K ib [m~î t evsjvwcwwqv-2 LÛ 459 c ôv] K`vi iv qi g Zz i ci cy iv ivr Zuvi gš x I mbvcwzm Yi g a 3 fv M wef³ n q c o g~j weµgcyi Ask cövß n jb inyb `b `vm PŠayix, Acivsk KvwZ Kcyi cövß nb K`vi iv qi Ab Zg exi mbvbx kl Kvjy Ges evwk Ask Bw`jcyi (ez gvb MvmvBinvU I f`imä Dc Rjvi Askwe kl) inyb `b n ivq PŠayixi n ÍMZ nq kl Kvjyi g Zz i ci Zuvi Rwg`vwii fvi kl Kvjyi GKgvÎ Kb v b~i bœqvi Dci Awc Z nq ZrKv j gvbwms ni m ½ AvMZ gynj ˆm b i Ab Zg mbvcwz d Zn& gynv ` bv g GK exi mbvbxi m ½ kl Kvjyi Kb v b~i bœqvi we q nq kl Kvjyi m ½ AvZ xqzvi m~ Î Ave n q d Zn& gynv ` KvwZ Kcy i evm Ki Z gb K ib m ªvU kvnrvnv bi ivrz Kv j c~e evsjvq czz wmriv DrcvZ ïiæ

53 52 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z K i Zviv Ab vqfv e ïé Av`vq KiZ czz wmr `i G Ab vq AvPi Y ÿzä n q d Zn& gynv ` czz wmr `i c~e evsjv _ K wezvwoz K i `b czz wmr `g bi Rb d Zn& gynv ` h mvnwmkzvi cwipq `b Zv Z m ªvU kvnrvnvb Zzó n q KvwZ Kcy ii Rwg`vwi d Zn& gynv `i bv g cëb `b 1643 mv j d Zn& gynv ` Zuvi KvwZ Kcyi Avevmf wg Z cökvð BgviZ wbg vy K ib GwU ˆ` N 157 nvz, cö 87 nvz Ges D PZvq 15 nvz KvwZ Kcyi Rwg`vi evwo KvwZ Kcy i emevm Kiv Ae vq NUbvµ g GKw`b gnbv b`x AwZµg K i d Zn& gynv ` Bw`jcy ii Rwg`vi evwo Z AvwZ_ MÖnY K ib Gmg q Rwg`vi inyb `b n ivq PŠayixi GKwU Aíeq my `ix Kb v kkxgylx Ljv K i eovw Qj d Zn& gynv ` mvmö n g qwu K µv o aviy K ib G K_v Rwg`vi gnvkq AeMZ n q Zv K Avi M n wdwi q Avbv KZ e we epbv Ki jb bv G Z d Zn& gynv ` jw¾z nb Ges Ae k l H Kb vwu K wb q

54 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 53 ^M n cöz vez b Ki jb wkqzw` bi g a H Rwg`vi Kb vi m ½ wzwb ^xq cy Îi we q m úv`b K ib Rwg`vi Kb v kkxgylxi bvg cwiez b K i bvg ivlv nq kkv wewe Bw`jcy ii Rwg`vi inyb `b n ivq PŠayix GB K_v AeMZ n q wbr Rwg`vwi _ K 36wU MÖvg RvgvZv K hšzzk wn m e cö`vb K ib GB Kb vi M f gvbbywï bi Rb nq HwZnvwmK Gjwdb& v bi g Z gvbbywïb _ K cö_g gyýx Dcvwa Avi nq Zuvi `yb cyî gyýx ˆbgywÏb I gyýx BgvgDwÏb gyýx ˆbgywÏ bi Rb 1644 mv j wzwb ag cövy I D`vi wq jb wn `y wk gymjgvbñ hb Zuvi Kv Q wkqz PvB Zb, KLbI Zuvi KvQ _ K fmœ g bvi_ n q wd i h Z n Zv bv g³e I PZz úvvx, cvvkvjv cöf wz mkv ji wkÿv cöwzôv bi Rb wzwb we kl `v bi e e v K iwq jb wn `y I gymjgvb A bk jvkb Zuvi `Iqv PivwM-wb i f wg fvm Ki Zb Zuvi AevwiZ `vb gyýx ˆbgywÏb K Agi K i i L Q Zuvi `vbkxjzv m ^ Ü ciez xkv j Kwe Mvjvg gv Ídv j Lb : ÔcyY køvk, `vbexi, gnvcövy n gyýx ˆbgywÏb K e j g iq Zzwg? n Agi, AvQ wpiw`b AvRI Zzwg hvi bvb e nk Zi b `b Kvb b, AvRI NywiQ Zzwg e w_ Zi KzwUi cöv½ Y [m~î t ÔweµgcyiÕ, wøzxq LÐ-kÖxwngvsï gvnb P Ævcva vq mskwjz, bvivqymä, XvKv-1859 kkvã-evsjv 1334] gyýx gvbbywï bi wøzxq cyî BgvgDwÏ bi Rb 1647 mv j myjzvb myrv kvmbkv ji kl w` K A_ vr 1659 A_ev 1660 mv j gyýx BgvgDwÏb dvwm I D`y wkÿv jv fi Rb gywk `vev ` hvb, KviY ZrKvjxb ivrfvlv Aviwe, dvwm I D`y wkl Z Rwg`vi `i we kl Drmvn `Iqv n Zv gyýx BgvgDwÏ bi Rwg`vwii mykvm bi K_v ï b beve kv q Ív Luv Zuv K PŠayix Dcvwa Z f wlz K ib D jøl, PŠayix kãwu ms ZRvZ Gi AvwfavwbK A_ Pvi e i avik-mvgší bzv, bmi ev M Äi cöavb e emvqx, MÖvg cöavb ev gvoj,

55 54 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z c`we ev Dcvwa we kl evsjvq ga hymxq mvwn Z f ^vgx Ges KLbI KLbI ivr ^ Kg KZ v wn m e PŠayix D jøl i q Q KUK AÂ j PŠayix wq jb Rjvi ivr ^ Kg KZ v fvi Z Ab vb As k PŠayix wq jb MÖvg cöavb A_ev knivâ j Kv bv ckv ev e emv qi cöavb AvjvDwÏb wljrxi mgq gvkvïv gi cib ivr ^ Kg KZ v wn m e PŠayixi Ae vb wqj gynj Avg j wzb köwyi DuPz Í ii f ^vgx wq jb PŠayix, Rwg`vi I ZvjyK`vi G hy Mi k li w` K PŠayix `i c`gh v`v Rwg`vi `i ci n ji mvgvwrkfv e Zviv Rwg`vi `i P q DuPz gh v`vi e j we ewpz n Zb [m~î t wmivryj Bmjvg, evsjv wcwwqv 3q LÛ 402 c ôv cö_g cybtgỳ ªY-2004] KvwZ Kcyi PŠayix cwiev ii m ½ AvZ xqzvi mzyeü b Ave Av Qb e ½i A bk ewa òz gymwjg cwievi cvwk Ív bi cöv³b cöavbgš x e ovi gvnv ` Avjxi wczv beve AvjZvd Avjx, Uv½vB ji KiwUqvi Rwg`vi Iqv R` Avjx Lvb cbœx, XvKvi beve LvRv AvnmvbDjøvn, LvRv mwjgyjøvn, nvrx kixqz Djøvni eskai Avev Lv j` iwk` DwÏb cxi ev`kv wgqv, dwi`cy ii Rwg`vi BDmyd Avjx PŠayix gvnb wgqv I Z`xq cyî Kvgvj Be b BDmyd ˆeevwnK m~ Î AvZ xqzvi eü b Ave KvwZ Kcy i emevmiz GB `yõwu cwievi hym hym a i cöwz hvwmzvi g bvfve cökvk bv K i eis cvi úwik mšnv ` i m úk ervq i L PjwQj wkš lv Ui `k Ki kl w` K Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii eofvb gcbyj nk wmk`v ii m ½ KvwZ Kcyi Rwg`vi cwiev ii mšívb mvwgdwïb Avn g` PŠayix Ii d gvïk PŠayixi m ½ vbxq wkqz wel q gzwe iva m wó nq GwU Aí wkqzw` bi fzib cöpû we iv ai iƒc bq GK ch v q Rqbyj nk wmk`vi eva n q fvb qi wbivcëvi Rb e `yk ch ší wk b w` qwq jb ciez xkv j cwievi `yõwu ^cö Yvw`Z n q welqwu kvwšíc~y fv e wb úwë K i bq Õ71 Gi gyw³hy i mgq I c i K qkrb gyw³ hv v evsjv ` ki ^vaxbzv hy i c ÿ gvïk PŠayixi úó f wgkv bv _vkvi Kvi Y wmk`vi mv ne K cö ivwpz K iwqj

56 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 55 gvïk PŠayixi weiæ e e v biqvi Rb wkš wmk`vi mv ne G Z cö ivwpz nbwb Avgvi Rvbv g Z evsjv ` k ^vaxbzvhy PjvKvjxb I c i G `ywu cwiev ii g a mšnv` c~y g bvfve bv _vk j KvwZ Kcy i A bk AbvKvw ÿz NUbv N U h Z cviz G ÿ Î Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii gnvbyfezvc~y, D`vi I ` p Pwi Îi h ` óvší cviqv hvq Zv mz B cöksmvi `vwe iv L Avwg KvwZ Kcyi _ K XvKv wd i G m wkqzw`b ci XvKvq Ae vbiz KvwZ Kcyi PŠayix cwiev ii DËicyiæl mvwgdwïb Avn ` PŠayix Ii d gvïk PŠayixi m ½ Rqbyj nk wmk`vi KZ K cöwzwôz wek we` vjq wel q Avjvc Kwi D jøl, mvwgdwïb Avn g` PŠayix Ii d gvïk PŠayix n Qb Avgvi ( jl Ki) k ïi kixqzcy ii bwoqv Dc Rjvi Zjxcvovi Rqwgqv cxi mv n ei eskai ˆmq` b~iæj evinv bi gvgv Zv fvb mb myev ` Avgvi xi PvPv, Avgvi PvPv k ïi Dwb cö Íve Ki jb, wmk`vi mv n ei m ½ Avcbvi `Lv Kiv DwPZ gvïk PŠayix wb RB dvb K i mvÿvr Gi w`b-mgq wba viy Ki jb, 25 ww m ^i 2012 mkvj `kuvq Rqbyj nk wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzv ji Pqvig vb Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii Awdm K ÿ `yõnvrvi ev iv mv ji cuwpk ww m ^i Zvwi L Avgiv nvmcvzvj GjvKvq Dcw Z nb we ÍxY meyr g bvig cwi e k nvmcvzvj I gwnjv gww Kj K j Ri wekvj feb ` L Awff Z njvg Mvwo eviv `v w` q wi mckb KvD Uv i cö ek Kijvg mycök Í wi mckb KvD Uv i Avgv `i Af _ bv Rvwb q K jr I nvmcvzv ji cöwzôvzv Pqvig vb Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii iæ g wb q hviqv nj `irv w` q XzK ZB Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv ne K `Ljvg GKPwjøk eqi ci KvwZ Kcyi wek we` vj qi `qv j Uvbv bv Qwei m ½ ev Íe gvbylwui wgj LyuR Z Póv Kijvg GZ jv eqi e eav b Zuvi kixi fvwi n q Q Av Mi g Zv PÂjZv bb, Z e KÉ ^ i Av Q Av Mi g Zv Z Rv`xß AgvwqKZv Dò Af _ bv I Kzkj wewbg qi ci AZxZ I ez gvb wb q A bk wel q Avjvc n jv

57 56 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z GK ch v q gvïk PvPv cö Íve K i e jb, ÔKvwZ Kcy ii PŠayix cwiev ii eskjwzkv I eskpwiz Ôdwi`cyi BwZnvm HwZn cwil `i cwîkvqõ Avcwb wj L hfv e cökvk K i Qb, Zgwb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi I Zuvi cwievi kixqzcyi AÂjmn ` ki wewfbœ Dbœq b h f wgkv ivl Q Zv wj L cökvk KiæbÕ kö q gvïk PŠayixi cö Ív e bv ej Z cvijvg bv, ZvB K_v w`jvg Avgvi mxwgz wjlbx Øviv Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii g Zv GKRb gnr e w³i NUbveûj Rxe bi wkqz Ask n ji Rbm y L Zz j aivi Póv Ki ev D jøl, evsjv `k ^vaxb niqvi ci mëi I Avwki `k K ` ki wpwkrmv ÿ Î mikvwi nvmcvzvj jv Z wqj AcÖZzj wpwkrmv e e v emikvwi ÿ Î ZLbI D jøl hvm Kv bv nvmcvzvj cöwzwôz nqwb d j mvwgdwïb Avn g` (gvïk PŠayix) G `k _ K AmsL ivmx cvk ez x `k fvi Z wm q ˆe `wkk gỳ ªv e q K i wpwkrmv MÖnY Ki Z eva n Zv GQvov evsjv ` ki wpwkrmk `i g a gwnjv wpwkrm Ki msl v LyeB bmy _vkvq Rqbyj nk wmk`vi ` ki wpwkrmv ÿ Î weivrgvb mgm vi mgvav b Zuvi wbr ^ wpšív- PZbv ev Íevq b beÿb `k Ki ïiæ Z gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj cöwzôvi cwikíbv K ib RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr cöwzôvi bc _ i K_v 1982 mv j Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii Kb v cvifxb nk wmk`vi gww Kj wkÿv_ x wn m e XvKvq covi my hvm bv c q XvKvi evb i gww Kj K j R fwz niqvi my hvm cvb XvKv gww Kj K j R fwz niqvi my hvm bv cviqvq Av gwikv wm q gww Kj wkÿv MÖn Yi

58 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 57 Rb fwz nb wzwb mb mgq _ K Rqbyj nk wmk`vi G ` ki g q `i Wv³vwi covi my hvm m wói D Ï k gwnjv gww Kj K jr cöwzôvi wpšív fvebv Ki Z _v Kb Ges cvwievwikfv e wewfbœ jv Ki m ½ Avjvc Av jvpbv K ib RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj, gwbkv G U, iv qi evrvi, XvKv 1991 RvZxq wbe vp b evsjv `k RvZxqZvev`x `j (wegbwc) Rqjvf K i emg Lv j`v wrqvi cöavbgwš Z gwš mfvi ^v gš x nb e nëi dwi`cyi Rjvi mšívb PŠayix Kvgvj Be b BDmyd D jøl, Kvgvj Be b BDmyd n jb nvrx kixqzdjøvni eskai cxi gvn mb DwÏb `ỳ ywgqvi fvwmbv A_ vr cxi gvn mb DwÏb `ỳ ywgqvi wøzxq ev bi we q n qwqj cvwk Ív bi wewkó ivrbxwzwe` dwi`cyi Rjvi BDmyd Avjx PŠayix gvnb wgqvi m ½ Aciw` K cxi gvn mb DwÏb `ỳ y wgqvi cö_g I Z Zxq ev bi we q n qwqj KvwZ Kcy ii Rwg`vi `yb m nv`i fvb h_vµg MqvmDwÏb PŠayix I mivrdwïb PŠayixi m ½ ciez xkv j mivrdwïb PŠayixi Kb v kv njv evbyi we q nq Avcb Lvjv Zv fvb PŠayix Kvgvj Be b

59 58 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z BDmy di m ½ KvwZ Kcy ii AvZ xqzvi myev ` wmk`vi mv n ei m ½ Kvgvj Be b BDmy di cvwievwik NwbôZv nq Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei gww Kj K jr Kivi myß evmbvi K_v PŠayix Kvgvj Be b BDmyd Rvb Zb ZvB ^v gš xi `vwqz c q wzwb wpwkrmv e e vi DbœwZi cöqv m bvix wpwkrmk ˆZwii Rb gwnjv emikvwi gww Kj K jr cöwzôvq Aby gv`b `v b AvMÖn cökvk K ib Ggwb Ae vq gš x g nv`q gww Kj K jr cöwzôvi Rb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv ne K mikv ii Kv Q Av e`b Ki Z Aby iva RW. GBP. wmk`vi gww Kj K jr cöwzôvkvjxb ^v gš x PŠayix Kvgvj Be b BDmyd K ib wmk`vi mv ne e jb h, ÔAvwg e½eüzi jvk! Lv j`v wrqv cöavbgš x _vkv Ae vq Zuvi mikv ii Kv Q Kv bv Av e`b Kie bvõ ciez xkv j gš x g nv`q wb RB `ilv Í UvBc K i wmk`vi mv n ei evmvq G m cvwievwik m`m `i eyws q ^vÿ ii e e v Kivb wkš gvbbxq gš x hw`b `ilv Í wb q Av mb mw`b wqj 23 RyjvB ïµevi

60 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 59 ZLb wmk`vi mv ne gš x g nv`q K e jb h, Avcwb Av e`bc Î ZvwiL w` q Qb 23 RyjvB ïµevi wkš AvR Zv mikvwi e Üi w`b e Üi w` b `ilv Í Zv Avcwb MÖnY Ki Z cv ib bv ZLb gvbbxq gš x PŠayix Kvgvj Be b BDmyd wbr nv Z 3 K 5 evwb q Av e`bc Îi ZvwiL 25 RyjvB K i `ilv Í wb q P j hvb Gi K qkw`b ci gš x g nv`q gww Kj K jr Aby gv`b msµvší wel q Av jvpbvi Rb wmk`vi mv ne K mwpevj q h Z Avgš Y Rvbvb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv ne wb R bv wm q Zuvi cöwzwbwa wn m e Dgi nvq`vi K mwpevj q cvvvb Dgi nvq`v ii Dcw wz Z Av jvpbvi GK mg q mlv b mwpe ch v qi GK Kg KZ v gš x g nv`q K e jb, Ôm vi, Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv ne Zv AvIqvgx jx Mi jvkõ m mgq gš x g nv`q e jb, AvIqvgx jxm nb Q Zv wk nb Q, AvIqvgx jxm bv n j wegbwc nj Kxfv e, AvIqvgx jxm nb Q weavq wegbwci Rb n q QÕ ciez xkv j gš x g nv`q Aby gv`bcî n ÍvšÍi Kivi Rb wb R wmk`vi mv n ei evmvq hvb GB `ilv Í Aby gv` bi Av e`bc Îi ZvwiL wqj 25 RyjvB Avi Aby gv`b cövwßi Av ` ki ZvwiL nq 5 AvM 1992 mvj gš x g nv` qi GKvšÍ cö Póvi Kvi Y gvî 10 w` bi g a P ovší Aby gv`b cövwßi wpwv n ÍvšÍi Kiv m e nq Dc i D jøwlz 10 w` bi 9 w`bb wqj wwwr nj_ G wu wmwïkxi Awd m Aby gv`bc Î cö_g 50 Rb wkÿv_x i fwz i Aby gv`b D jøl wqj wkš wmk`vi mv ne ivwr bv _vkv Z 100 Rb wkÿv_ x fwz i Aby gv`b `Iqv nq Zvici Aby gv`bc Î jlv wqj ïay wmk`vi

61 60 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z RW. GBP. wmk`vi gww Kj K jr cöwzôvi Av e` bi wpwv

62 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 61 RW. GBP. wmk`vi gww Kj K jr cöwzôvi mikvwi Aby gv` bi wpwv

63 62 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj wkš wmk`vi mv n ei x g bvqviv wmk`v ii Aby iv a bvg cwiez b K i Rqbyj nk wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj bvgkiy Kiv nq wmk`vi mv ne cö_ g 50 KvwU UvKv LiP K i gww Kj K jrwu ïiæ K ib c i Av iv 200 KvwU UvKvi ewk LiP K ib Gfv e RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj cöwzwôz nq ` ki me cö_g emikvwi gwnjv gww Kj K jr cöwzôv I Rqbyj nk wmk`vi m ú K ZrKvjxb ^v gš x PŠayix Kvgvj Be b BDmyd MZ 4 b f ^i 2015 mü vq Zuvi emyüivi AvevwmK GjvKvi evwo Z GK mvÿvrkv j Rvbvb, ÔKvwZ Kcyi PŠayix cwiev ii m ½ Avgvi cwiev ii `yb cö Íi AvZ xqzvi myev ` KvwZ Kcy ii Avi GK AwfRvZ wmk`vi cwiev ii mšívb Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii m ½ Avgvi cwipq A bk w` bi cvwk Ívb Avgj _ K wzwb wq jb GKRb mycöwzwôz cö_g köwyi e emvqx I wecyj A_ we Ëi AwaKvix Zuvi Pwi Îi wkqz Yvejx hgb K g GKvMÖZv, AvšÍwiKZv, wbôv Ges wek ÍZv Avgv K AvK ó K iwqj ZvB Avwki `k Ki cö_g w` K wmk`vi mv n ei m ½ hš_fv e Mv g Um e emv ïiæ Kwi e emvi gva g Zuv K KvQ _ K `Lvi my hvmi cvb evwn K ` wó Z Zuv K grvrx I GK ivlv g b n ji ev Í e wzwb ü`qevb, c ivckvix I b v qi Dci cöwzwôz GKRb `k cöwgk ZvQvov ga eq m A nv Z gyw³hy mwµq AskMÖn Yi gva g wzwb `kvz ev ai GK Abb ` óvší vcb K i QbÕ Rqbyj nk wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj cöwzôv m ú K wzwb AviI Rvbvb h, ÔwZwb hlb 1991 mv j ^v gš Yvj qi `vwqz cvb, ZLb ` ki ^v mevi wech Í Ae v wqj Gw` K mikvwi nvmcvzv ji msl v LyeB bmy Ges wpwkrmk `i AcÖZzjZv, Ab w` K ivmxi msl v e o hviqvq Zv `i A b KB cvk ez x `k fvi Z wm q ` ki KóvwR Z ˆe `wkk gỳ ªv e q K i wpwkrmv wb Z eva nq GB mgm vi wbimbk í emikvwi gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj cöwzôvi

64 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 63 Rb Avwg ^v gš x wn m e ` ki weëevb `i GwM q Avmvi Rb DØy Ki Z m Pó nb we kl K i Rûiæj Bmjvg, Rqbyj nk wmk`vimn wkqz weëevb e emvqx K emikvwi gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj M o Zvjvi Rb Avwg e w³mzfv e Aby iva Kwi Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii Kg ZrciZv I Kg `ÿzv m ú K Avgvi c~e AwfÁZv _vkvq Avwg ^cö Yvw`Z n q e w³mz D ` v M, ej Z M j, mikvwi cö UvKj D cÿv K i Zuvi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj K Aby gv`b cö`vb Kwi D jøl, gww Kj K jr Aby gv`b w` Z mwpe ch v qi h KqR bi ^vÿi cö qvrb, Zv `i mkj K GKB w`b GKB Uwe j ewm q ^vÿi KivB wm½vcy ii wel vz gvd U GwjRv e_ nvmcvzv ji we klámy 1996 mv j RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj cwi`k K `i m ½ Qwei Wvb _ K Z Zxq Pqvig vb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Ges câg ^v gš x PŠayix Kvgvj Be b BDmyd Avgvi m mg qi cö Póvi d j ` k ez gvb DbœZgv bi emikvwi gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzv ji msl v hgb e o Q, Zgwb e o Q cyiæl I bvix wpwkrmk Ges bvm `i msl v DbœZ n q Q wpwkrmv mevi gvb GiB d j `kevmx cv Q DbœZgv bi ^v mev Ges fvi Zi c~e vs ki ivr jv _ K A bk ivmxb evsjv ` k G m wpwkrmv mev wb Q avbgwûi 15 b ^i ez gv b 8-G mo Ki cwð g gwbkv G Ui 20 wenv Rwgi Dci wekvj feb wbg vy K i 1992 mv ji 5 AvM

65 64 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Rqbyj nk wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzv j QvÎx fwz Kvh µg ïiæ nq ez gv b gvu `k jÿ em dzu iæg úm, hvi 1 jÿ em dzu K j Ri Rb Ges 9 jÿ em dzu nvmcvzv ji Rb wbwg Z d j Rqbyj nk wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr K evsjv ` ki cö_g emikvwi gwnjv gww Kj Ges ü` iv Mi DbœZ wpwkrmvi e n`vkvi emikvwi nvmcvzvj wn m e AwfwnZ Kiv qvq gwbkv G U Aew Z, RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzv ji cvk ez x g bvig meyr ebvâj RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzv ji ez gvb Z_ vewj (2015) cvmk Z Wv³v ii msl v 1374, gvu QvÎxi msl v 501, gvu we `wk QvÎxi msl v 133, wkÿve l gvu fwz K Z QvÎxi msl v 91, wkÿve l gvu fwz K Z we `kx QvÎxi msl v 40, gvu bv m i msl v 120, B Uvwb Wv³v ii msl v 104, K j Ri jkpvi nj 4, wud Uvwiqvj iæg 15, Kgb iæg 2, AwW Uvwiqv gi Avmb msl v 300, j ve iuwii msl v 8, jvb eªwi Z eb qi msl v 3,565, weªwuk Rvb vj I Av gwikvb Rvb vj Ae mvr vwimn gvu Rvb v ji msl v

66 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z , jvb eªwi Z gvu QvÎxi cov kvbvi e e v i q Q 120 R bi, jvb eªwii úm 8 nvrvi em dzu, AvevwmK nv j QvÎx (we `kxmn) msl v 315, nv j gvu wmu msl v 440, Aa vc Ki msl v 14, mn hvmx Aa vc Ki msl v 15, mnkvix Aa vc Ki msl v 20, gvu cöfvl Ki msl v 39, Ges I cb nvu mvr vwi n q Q 3 nvrvi 300 nvmcvzv j h me wpwkrmv wefvm Lvjv Av Q m jv n Q: 1. GbvUwg, 2. wdwrijwr, 3 ev qv Kwgwóª, 4. c v _vjwr, 5. gvb µvev qvjwr, 6. dvg v KvjwR, 7. KwgDwbwU gwwwmb, 8. d ibwmk gwwwmb, 9. gwwwmb, 10. mvr vwi, 11. MvBwb A vû Aem& UªwUªK, 12. A _ v cww mvr vwi A vû Uªgv UvjwR, 13. Ac_vj gvjwr, 14. BGbwU, 15. M vm UªvBbwm ivjwr, 16. cwwqvwuªk, 17. Wvg v UvjwR (w b A vû wf. ww), 18. mvbwkqvwuª, 19. BD ivjwr, 20. ivww qvjwr, 21. Ww Uw ª, 22. G v bmw_wmijwr, 23. UªvÝwdDkb gwwwmb A vû eøvw e v¼, 24. KvwW IjwR, 25. KvwW qvk mvr vwi, 26. wdwri _ivwc, 27. W Uvj mvr vwi RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K j Ri wkÿv_ xmy ivm cixÿv-wbixÿvi my hvm myweavi g a Av Q G i, Avëªvm bvmövg, BwmwR, c v_jwrk vj I ev qv KwgK vj cixÿv, gvb µvev qvjwrk vj cixÿv

67 66 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z evsjv ` ki QvÎx Qvov hy³ivóª, hy³ivr, mšw` Avie, mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ, fviz I bcv ji QvÎxivI GB K j R cov kvbv Ki Q 2011 I 2012 wkÿve l we `wk QvÎxi msl v 123 G `i Ges evsjv ` ki QvÎx `i A a K As ki Rb nv j _ K cov kvbvi e e v K jr KZ cÿ K i Qb gww Kj K jrwu XvKv wek we` vjq, evsjv `k gww Kj I W Uvj KvDwÝj I Iqvì nj_& AM vbvb Rkb (WHO)- Gi Awafz³ nvmcvzv j 500 ivmxi wpwkrmvi e Wi e e v Av Q cöwzw`b cövq 400 ivmx AvDU Wv i wpwkrmv wb q _v Kb fwz ivmxi msl v cöwzw`b M o 275 D jøl, GLv b Mwie ivmx `i wpwkrmvi Rb 50wU wd«e Wi e e v Av Q jkvb kvlv D Øvab nq 2000 mv j jkvb kvlvq Av Q 200wU e Wi e e v wmk`vi gww Kj K jr nvmcvzv j weij wpwkrmv mvdj Acv ikb bv K i cömªv ei iv Ív w` q RuvK ei K i Av jvob m wó K ib wmk`vi gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzv ji BD ivjwr wefv Mi cöavb Wv. gwreyi ingvb nvmcvzvj m~ Î Rvbv hvq, wm ju wefv Mi nwemä Rjvi mkv `icyi MÖv gi Ave`vj nv mb Zid`v ii Q j bimv` nv mb Zid`vi (12) cykz i Mvmj Kivi mgq cömªv ei iv Ív w` q RuvK Xy K hvq Ruv Ki Kvg o Zvi cömªv ei iv Ív w` q i³ÿiy ïiæ nq Ges cömªv ei _wj Z i³ RgvU n q hvq Zv K vbxq nwemä nvmcvzv j wb q M j wpwkrmkiv Acv ik bi gva g cu K U cömªv ei _wj _ K RuvK ei Kivi civgk `b kvixwik Ae vi AebwZ Z Zv K wmk`vi gww Kj K jr nvmcvzv j Avbv nq mlv b Acv ikb bv K i G Ûªv wc gwk bi mvnv h cömªv ei iv Ív w` q 13 m. wg. RuvKwU ei K ib BD ivjwr Wv. gwreyi ingvb Ôhvq hvqw`bõ cwîkv K wzwb e jb, Acv ikb Qvov Gai bi wpwkrmv KL bv nqwb evsjv ` k GB cö_g G Ûªv wci mvnv h cömªv ei iv Ív w` q RuvK ei K i Avgiv wpwkrmvi ÿ Î weij mvdj c qwq

68 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 67 wzwb e jb, we kl K i el v gšmy g GiKg `yn Ubv N U _v K wzwb mevb K wbr wbr mšívb `i cöwz mzk ` wó ivlvi civgk `b RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj Gi jkvb kvlvi gwvb KvwW qvk IqvW D Øvab K ib e e vcbv cwipvjk g bvqviv wmk`vi, cv k Pqvig vb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi 1992 mv ji AvM gv mi 5 ZvwiL _ K gww Kj K jr Pvjy nq Ges 1998 mv ji ww m ^i gv m Pvjy nq KvwW qvk Kqvi A vû wimvp m Uvi Wv. gyivwj, Wv. cömv `i I Wv. AwRZ Kzgvimn 6 Rb we `wk Kbmvj U U Wv³vi, 50 Rb we `wk bvm Ges AwfÁZvm úbœ `wk Wv³v ii mgš^ q MwVZ wug `ÿzvi m ½ gvî 11 gv m 100wU I cb nvu mvr vwi m úbœ K ib 100wU mvr vwi Z 99wU mdj n q Q GKRb gvî ivmxi g Zz n q Q G mdjzvi nvi Kej AvšÍR vwzk gv bi mgzzj B bq, eis wkqzuv ewkb KviY DbœZ we k i AZ vaywbk KvwW qvk m Uvi jv ZI I cb nvu mvr vwi Z mvd j i nvi kzvsk RW. GBP. wmk`vi KvwW qvk Kqvi A vû wimvp m Uvi _ K I cb nvu mvr vwi c m U wn m e jvqb gvnv ` dviæ Ki fvi Z I evsjv ` k ü` iv Mi wpwkrmvi AwfÁZv we klfv e cöwyavb hvm wzwb j Lb, Ô1981 mv ji C`yj AvRnvi Z Zxq w` b Avgvi ey Ki

69 68 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z evg cv k Zxeª e _v Abyfe Kwi Ges Wv³v ii civgk wb Z hvb cixÿv-wbixÿvq cögvwyz nq h, Avgvi nv U mgm v Av Q Wv³v ii civg k wbqwgz Ilya meb Kwi Ges cwiwgz Lv` MÖnY I Lv` vf vm cwiez b mvab hgb iw wgu er b, a~gcvb er b, wwg, wn I Ab vb ˆZjv³ Lvevi BZ vw` er bi d j 1986 mvj ch ší `xn mgq Ily ai gva g wpwkrmv wb Z _vwk Ges mȳ _vwk ciez xkv j 1997 mv j wpwkrmvi Rb fvi Zi KjKvZvq wegg weojv nvmcvzv j hvb mlv b cixÿv wbixÿvi ci wpwkrmkmy Avgv K GbwRIMÖvg Kivi civgk `b Avwg we `k wefzub q AvZ xq cwirbnxb cwi e k GbwRIMÖvg Ki Z wøavmö Í n q ` k wd i Avwm ` ki Wv³viMYI Avgv K GbwRIMÖvg Kivi Rb civgk `b Zvici 1998 mv ji gvp -GwcÖ j x I Avgvi fvwmbvmn wpwkrmvi Rb w`wjø Um nvu Bbw wudu A vû wimvp m Uv i hvb mlv b GbwRIMÖvg KivB Avgvi nv U i eøk (Wvej f mj wwwrm) aiv c o Ges Acv ik bi Rb civgk `Iqv nq mlv b Acv ikb n j `xn w`b Ae vbrwbz Kvi Y Avw_ K e qeûjzv I we `krwbz Kvi Y Acv ikb Ki Z mvnm Kwiwb AZtci Avwg ` k wd i Avwm wkš Avgvi Acv ikb AZ vek Kxq n q hviqvq hlb cövq w` knviv ZLb wmk`vi gww Kj nvmcvzv ji LvuR c q GLv b Avwm Ges GLvbKvi wpwkrmv e e v, Wv³vi, bvm I e e vcbv c wz ` L Avgvi fv jv jv M ZvQvov wb Ri ` k AvZ xq cwirb ewóz n q Acv ikb Kivi my hvm, e qfvi A cÿvk Z Kg, we ` ki g Zv GKB AwfÁZvm úbœ Wv³vi BZ vw` Avgv K GLv b Acv ikb Ki Z mvnmx K i mwz Kvi A _ B AvaywbK gvbm úbœ c wz Z Avgvi Acv ikb nq Acv ik bi ci gvî lô w` b evmvq P j hvb cövq GK gvm evmvq wekövg wb q wbqgvbyewz Zv I Wv³v ii civgk gvzv ek Rxebhvcb Kwi `y-wzb gvm ci Avwg m ú~y ^vfvwek Rxe b wd i Avwm GLb Avwg GKRb m ú~y mȳ gvbyl wpwkrmvkv j Wv. gyivwj, Wv. cömv `i mn hvmxe `i AvšÍwiK wpwkrmv Ges bvm `xcv I Zvi mnkg x `i mevhzœ Avgv K we gvwnz K i Q evsjv ` k

70 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 69 G nb e e v mwz B cöksmbxqõ (m~î : I cb nvu mvr vwi c m U wn m e Avgvi e w³mz AwfÁZv, jvqb gvnv ` dviæk Gg R, Gd 28 Bw `iv ivw, XvKv-cÖKvk Gi m~î) jvqb gvnv ` dviæ Ki e³ e i mg_ b cviqv hvq 2000 mv ji 27 Rvbyqvwi Zvwi L ˆ`wbK RbKÉ cwîkvq cökvwkz Ab GK cöwz e` b G Z ewy Z n q Q h, cöpvi QvovB M o D V Q AvšÍR vwzk gv bi GKwU wpwkrmv K `ª, Ô11 gv m 100wU I cb-nvu mvr vwiõ kxl K wbe Ü ˆ`wbK RbK Úi vd wi cvu vi j Lb, Kv bv Rviv jv cöpvi QvovB ` k AvšÍR vwzk gv bi GKwU emikvwi ü` ivm wpwkrmv K `ª M o D V Q avbgwûi cwð g iv qi evrvi GjvKvq RW. GBP. wmk`vi KvwW qvk Kqvi A vû wimvp m Uvi bv g GB cöwzôvbwu Z B Zvg a GKwÎZ n q Qb we `wk bvgkiv ek K qkrb we klá mvr bõ wmk`vi KvwW qvk m Uv i kzzg I cb-nvu mvr vwi Dcj ÿ Av qvrb Kiv n qwqj GK mvsevw`k m jb mlvbkvi nvmcvzvj KZ cÿ Ges KvwW qvk m Uv ii wpwkrmk Rvbv jb Zuv `i GB mvd j i K_v KvwW qvk m Uv ii wpd mvr b I wk wbk vj WvB i±i A ªwjqvi i qj GwW jw nvmcvzvj _ K AvMZ Wv. gyivwj cöfvkiy e jb, Avgv `i GB Awek vm mvd j i wcq b i q Q wugiqvk Ges `ÿ g v br g U wmwbqi Kbmvj U U KvwW IjwR Wv. Gg. gwzdi ingvb ü` iv M AvµvšÍ mvaviy gvbyl K mwvk wpwkrmv c Z wk Acwimxg fvmvwšíi wkkvi n Z nq m m ú K we ÍvwiZ e jb wzwb e jb, ÔAvgiv ivmx `i NvivNywi I fvmvwšíi nvz _ K iÿv Ki Z PvB GKB Qv `i wb P GLv b i q Q ü` iv Mi mkj ai bi wpwkrmv Kbmvj U U KvwW IjwR Wv. kvgm g bvqvi GLv b PvKwi biqvi Av M `xn 13 eqi Bsj v Û Ges `wÿy Avwd«Kvq KvR K i Qb wzwb hš cvwz, jvkej Ges wpwkrmk `i `ÿzv- AwfÁZvi we epbvq wmk`vi KvwW qvk m UviwU K DbœZ we k i ^qsm ú~y h Kv bv ü` ivm nvmcvzv ji m ½ Zzjbxq e j D jøl K ib nvmcvzv ji wbe vnx cwipvjk mvjvndwïb Lv bi g Z,

71 70 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z ü` iv Mi DbœZZi wpwkrmvi Rb GLb Avi we ` k hviqvi `ikvi bb Zzjbvg~jKfv e Kg Li P Zuv `i GB nvmcvzv jb cviqv m e AvšÍR vwzk gv bi wpwkrmv mev Ó Wv. gyivwj e jb, ÔAvgiv G m UviwU K Ggbfv e M o Zz jwq, hv Z ivmxiv GLvb _ K mȳ n q wd i h Z cv ib nvmcvzvj KZ c ÿi GKRb e jb, Avgv `i mvd j i Lei jv h_vh_fv e cöpvwiz n j cvk ez x `k _ KI ivmxiv wpwkrmvi Rb GLv b Avm ebõ (m~î : ˆ`wbK RbKÉ, ZvwiL we kl msl v c óv-57) KvwW qvk m Uv ii mvdj m ^ Ü 21 AvM 1999 Zvwi L ˆ`wbK msev` cwîkvq ÔRwUj ü` iv Mi wpwkrmv GLb XvKv ZBÕ Ges 16 RyjvB 1999 The Daily Star cwîkv ÔBeating Heart Surgery Performed, Private Sector enters new era in coronary health careõ wk ivbv g `ywu cöwz e`b cökvk K i GLv b D jøl Kiv hvq h, G KvwW qvk m Uv i 2015 ch ší cövq mv o wzb mnmªvwak nvu c m Ui I cb-nvu mvr vwi mdj n q Q Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii evj Kvj cvwievwik HwZn Abyhvqx N ivqv cwi e k Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii jlvcovi nv ZLwo nq Avmv gi wejvmcyi evwo Z ciez xkv j evwoi mwbœk Ui cvvkvjvq wkï Rqbyj nk K fwz Kiv nq cvvkvjvi cöavb wkÿk wq jb Rbve KvDmvi Avjx köwy wkÿk wq jb evey cödzjø `vk GKw`b cvvkvjvi we ÍxY gv V KvV Lvov ev weov ji AvPov (kkzwbkvuv) MvQ nvz w` q U b cwi v ii Rb köwy wkÿk evey cödzjø `vk mkj QvÎ K wb qvwrz K ib A_ -we Ë mg cwiev i Rb MÖnYKvix ^vaxb PZv, AvZ m v b m PZb wkï Rqbyj nk welqwu mn R g b wb Z cvi jb bv Awfgvbx cyî wczv K Rvbv jb, m Avi Kv bvw`b H cvvkvjvq hv ebv Avevi ïiæ n jv M ni cwi e kb wkÿv MÖnY

72 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 71 A b i Rb Kzqv KvU j m Kzqv Z wb RiB co Z nq eûj Av jvwpz Dc ivwjøwlz cöev`evk wu m ^ Ü ev Íe Dcjwä AR b K ib Rqbyj nk wmk`vi H wkï eq mb wkïkv ji wzpviy Ki Z Ki Z Rqbyj nk wmk`vi ej jb, ÔA b i Rb Kzqv KvU j m Kzqvq wb RiB co Z nq,õ Zvi R jší D`vniY Avwg ZLbI Avwg z j fwz nbwb K qkw`b Av M gvî cvvkvjv Z hviqv eü K iwq Avgvi M nwkÿk L Mb evey Avgv K wbqwgz evwo Z G m cov Zb GKw`b wzwb Avgv K j w` q g iwq jb Avgv K gvivi welqwu Avwg mnrfv e wb Z cvijvg bv, ZvB Avwg wvk Kijvg wkÿk K Dchy³ wkÿv w` Z n e Avwg GKUv eøw msmön K i m eøwwu f O Zvi wkqz Ask GKUv Kv Vi Pqv i Ggbfv e vcb K i ivljvg hv Z wkÿk G m emv gvîb eø W Zuvi kix ii wb Pi Ask K U hvq wkÿk evey Avm Z `wi nw Qj Avwg fvb evb `i m ½ Mí Ki Z Ki Z we Z n q MwQ Pqv ii Kv V emv bv eø Wi K_v Ggwb GK ch v q Avwg fzjekz H Pqv i e m cwo Pqv i emv gvî Avgvi gvrvi wb Pi Ask K U i³ cov ïiæ nq ÿwy Ki g a evwo Z ˆn- ˆP c o Mj Wv³vi W K Avbv nj wzwb `ywu mjvb w` q i³ eü Ki jb ZvB ejwqjvg wkÿk K kvw Í `e e j h eøw M owq, Avwg wb RB mb eøw Øviv ÿwzmö Í n qwqjvg Avgvi GB eq mi wb Ri kix i mb ÿz v bi wpý enb K i PjwQ GB NUbvi wkqzw`b ci Rqbyj nk wmk`vi K B `ªbvivqY GKv Wwgi Z Zxq köwy Z fwz Kiv nq zjrxeb kl niqvi Av MB mßg köwy Z cvviz Ae vq Rqbyj n Ki cöwzev`x Pwi Îi cökvk N U wzwb R bk wn `y wkÿ Ki imyj gvnv ` (mv.) m ^ Ü weiƒc gší e i weiæ cöwzev`x n q I Vb K v m cövq mkj wn `y Qv Îi g a I h `yõrb gymjgvb QvÎ Av Q Zv fz j wm q Bs iwr wel qi GKRb wn `y wkÿk bex gvnv ` (mv.) m ^ Ü weiƒc gšíe ïiæ K ib

73 72 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z m mgq gymjgvb Q jiv wn `y Q j `i g Zv aywz cwiavb KiZ GQvov Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii Mv qi is AZ ší dm v niqvq H wn `y wkÿk Zuv K eªvþy mšívb g b K iwq jb wkÿ Ki gšíe ïiæ niqvi m ½ m ½ K v mi mkj QvÎ-QvÎx DrmyK ` wó Z Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii w` K ZvKv Z _vk j Rqbyj nk wmk`vi ZvrÿwYKfv e Gi cöwzev` Kivi Rb K vm _ K ei n q euvwk evwr q Ab K v mi gymjgvb Q j `i GKÎ K i Aviwe wkÿ Ki wbku welqwu Dc vcb K ib D jøl, z j gvu 450 Rb wkÿv_ xi g a gymjgvb wqj gvî 50 Rb B Zvg a K vm k li NÈv e R IV j wkÿk K vm _ K P j hvb c i cöavb wkÿ Ki Kv Q welqwu cušqv j wzwb D³ wkÿk K ÿgv PvB Z eva K ib Ges ciez xkv j Zv K z ji PvKwi _ K Ae vnwz `b Rqbyj nk ZLbI zj QvÎ Avmvwg-evOvwj `yb m úà v qi g a we iva Pig ch v q cušq j evovwj `i GKwU zj Av b w` q R vwj q `Iqvi Awf hv M Rwg`vi c~y P `ª KwjZvi m ½ Ave`yj AvwRR I Rqbyj nk wmk`vi MÖdZvi nb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi ciw`b _vbv _ K gyw³ cvb AZtci cvwievwik wm vší Abyhvqx zj ch v qi wkÿv mgvcbxi Rb Zv K DËi cö ` k Aew Z gymwjg wkÿv_ x `i Rb m vi ˆmq` Avng` KZ K cöwzwôz AvwjMo wek we` vj q cvwv q `Iqv nq Avmvg _ K AvwjM oi `~iz cövq mnmª wk jvwguv ii D aÿ evwoi cwi ek _ K eû `~ i wm q cov kvbv Ki Z hv Z Kv bv cökvi Amyweav bv nq m Kvi Y ˆ`bw `b e env ii Rb ch vß cwigvy e envh `ªe Zvi m ½ w` q `Iqv nq Gig a D jøl hvm wqj 14 mu Kvco A_ vr 14wU c v U I 14wU kvu, hv AvwjM oi wbqgvbyhvqx cö Z K Qv Îi Rb wba vwiz wqj AvwjMo wek we` vjq fvi Zi DËi cö ` ki AvwjMo kn i G wek we` vjqwu Aew Z

74 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 73 c~ e G kniwu KBj (Koil) ev Kvj (Kol) bv g AwfwnZ n Zv GLv b 1542 mv j GKwU `ym wbwg Z nq G `ym wu 1776 mv j bvrvd Lvb `Lj K i bvgkiy K ib AvwjMo A_ vr DuPz `ym B Zvc~ e G `ym wu K wewfbœ mg q wewfbœ bv g AwfwnZ Kiv n Zv KLbI ivgmo, KLbI mvwezmo, Avevi KLbI gynv ` MoI ejv n Zv KBj GKwU cövpxb kni, Øv`k kzvãxi k li w` K GUv KzZzeywÏb AvB ek `Lj K ib GwU eje bi R ôcy Îi (AvbygvwbK 1270 mv j) RvqwMi wn m e mivmwi w`wjøi Aax b wqj 1393 mv j GwU RŠbcyi _ K kvwmz n Zv Ges 1447 mvj _ K wkqz mg qi Rb ^vaxb wqj 1785 mv j wmwüqv (Sindhia) cwiev ii gvivvvmy kniwu `Lj K i bq 1803 mv j jw jbk (Lake) wmwüqv cwiev ii gvivvv `i wezvwoz K ib AvaywbK AvwjMo kni Zvi gh v`vi Rb wek we` vj qi Kv Q we klfv e FYx 1871 mv j m vi ˆmq` Avng` Bs iwr z ji gymwjg RvMi Yi we` vcxv AvwjMo wek we` vjq Abymi Y cöpwjz gymwjg evjk `i GKwU we` vj qi Rb Znwej msmön Ki Z ïiæ K ib 1875 mv j D P we` vjqwu Pvjy nq Ges

75 74 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z wzb eqi ci GwU K j R DbœxZ nq ZLb _ K D P we` vjq Ges Muhammadan Anglo Oriental College bv g GB `yõwu cöwzôvb Pj Z _v K ag xq welq e ZxZ Ab vb welq wkÿvi gva g wqj Bs iwr m vi ˆmq` Avn&g` Zuvi RxeÏkvq e e vcbvi `vwqz wb Ri nv Z i LwQ jb cöwzôvzvi g Zz i ci e e vcbvi `vwqz GKwU gymjgvb Iwmnx (Trustee) cwil `i Dci b Í nq 1904 mv j z j 353 Rb I K j R 269 Rb QvÎ wqj Zvi g a AvB bi QvÎ wqj 36 Rb KwjKvZv wek we` vjq Kwgk bi mycvwik Abyhvqx 1920 mv j K jrwu K GKwU wek we` vj q iƒcvšíwiz Kiv nq (m~î : Bmjvwg wek Kvl, Z Zxq LÐ, BmjvwgK dvd Ûkb, evsjv `k wøzxq cökvk b f ^i c ôv ) cövk wzk mš ` h ficyi Avmv gi cwi e k e o gymwjg RvMi Yi AMÖ`~Z AvwjMo wek we` vj qi cöwzôvzv m vi ˆmq` Avng` IVv myrjv mydjv evsjvi `vgvj mšívb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi giæf wg m` k AvwjM oi eüzevüe weewr Z Ges ^Rbnviv cwi ek K Avcb K i wb Z cvij bv G ` ki gvwu I gvbyl Zv K nvzqvwb w` q WvK Z _vkj kl ch ší gvî wzb gvm AvwjM o Ae v bi ci Avevi evjk Rqbyj nk Avmv g wd i G m B `ªbvivqY GKv Wwg Z Aóg köwy Z fwz nb D jøl, evjk eq m hgb G ` ki gvwu I gvbyl Zuv K AvKl Y KiZ, cwiyz eq mi wzwb evsjvi evb i ewkw`b _vk Z cv ibwb 1975 mv j RvwZi wczv e½eüy kl gywreyi ingvb mvgwik evwnbxi

76 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 75 wkqz wec_mvgx jvk Øviv kvnv`vr eiy Ki j G ` ki gvby li cöwz exzkö n q 1980 mv j cwievi cwirb wb q wzwb vqxfv e emev mi Rb Av gwikv P j hvb mlv b e emvwqk mvdj I mvgvwrk cöwzôv Ges ivóªxq ^xk wz jvf Kivi ci m ` k vqxfv e emev mi my hvm _vkv m Ë I wzwb _vk jb bv `k eqi ci Avevi wkk oi Uv b wd i G jb ^ `kf wg Z B `ªbvivqY GKv Wwgi Aóg köwy Z fwz niqvi ci wvk n jv, evwo Z _ K bq, nv j _ K cov kvbv Ki eb wzwb h_vixwz nv j Rxeb ïiæ n jv AvwjMo diz Rqbyj nk Aímg qi g a z ji QvÎ `i wcöqcvî n q DV jb Ljvi gv V we kl K i dzuej Ljvq hgb PŠKm Zgwb B `ªbvivqYcyi z ji wkÿv ewnf Z mkj ÿ Î wzwb n q DV jb mk ji ga gwy d j z ji wkÿk-qvî mk jb Zv K mgxn K i PjZ G Z K i Zvi g b wkqzuv AnwgKvi fve mâvi nq Avmv g B `ªbvivqYcyi nvb z ji GKvsk (ez gvb) Ggwb GK ch v q zj nv j mycvwib U Û Ui iæguv Zvi cq ` nq wzwb H iæguv Z _vkvi gb Ki jb nv j mycvwib U Û U

77 76 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z wq jb wn `y eªvþy Rqbyj nk wvk Ki jb h mycvwib UÛ K Kv bvfv e iæg _ K miv Z cvi j H iæ g _vk Z cvi eb m mg q zj nv j emevmkvix Qv Îi g a 80 fvm QvÎB wqj gymjgvb ZvB cwikíbv ev Íevqb Ki Z ewk em c Z n jvbv K qkrb gymwjg QvÎ wg j GKwU Miæ RevB K i Miæi nvo Mvo mycvwib U Û Ui AeZ gv b Zvi iæ g i L `b G Z z j bzzb K i RwUjZvi m wó nq H mgq Avi GKwU NUbv N U hv Rqbyj nk wmk`vi K kl ch ší Avevi Avmvg Q o ˆcwÎK wbevm KvwZ Kcy i P j h Z eva K i ZrKvjxb wejvmxcvovi Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei Ljvi mv_x wqj cöwz ekx Ave`yi iv¾vk mikv ii Q j Ave`yj gwr` mikvi (p v iv) wzwb mycvwib U Û U Ae cywjk wn m e Zvwi L Aemi MÖnY K i ez gvb wejvmxcvov Z Aemi Rxebhvcb Ki Qb wzwb MZ 17 m Þ ^i 2015 Zvwi L Uwj dv b GK AvjvcKv j H NUbv m ^ Ü Avgv K ( jlk) Rvbvb, ÔRybyi (Rqbyj nk wmk`vi) GK K vm Dc i Avwg cozvg Avgvi QvUfvB AvwRR mikvi (jvj) wqj Rybyi mncvvx Avgiv GK m ½B Ljvayjv KiZvg Avgv `i QvÎRxe b GKevi wejvmxcvov _vbvi AvgMv Qi Avg cvo Z M j B `ªbvivqY GKv Wwgi QvÎ `xck Ave`yj gwr` mikvi (p v iv) mycvwib U Û U Ae cywjk Zvwi L Aemi MÖnY K ib

78 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 77 PµeZ x I myevm e vbvwr _vbvi GK wenvwi cywjk Kb ej KZ K jvwãz n j Zviv Zv `i wcöq Ryby fvb qi Kv Q welqwu Rvbvq ciw`b dzuej Ljv PjvKv j gvv w` q H wenvwi Kb ej hviqvi mgq jvwãz Q jiv Zv `i bzv RybyfvB K wenvwi Kb ej K `wl q `q RybyfvB qi wb ` k Kb ej K Zviv gviai ïiæ K i GK ch v q RybyfvB qi cv qi ey Ui AvNv Z Kb e ji mvg bi `yõwu `uvz f O hvq G NUbvi ci Rjv cywjk mycv ii (weªwuk bvmwik) wb ` k _vbvq gvgjv `v qi nq cywjk Rqbyj nk wmk`vi I Avgvi fvb Ave`yj AvwRR mikvimn K qkrb QvÎ K MÖdZvi K i Avgv `i cwievi Ges RybyfvB `i cwievi GjvKvq GZB RbwcÖq I cöfvekvjx wqj h I `i MÖdZvi Kivi K_v kvbvi m ½ m ½ GjvKvevmx cöwzev`gyli n q I V QvÎ `i MÖdZv ii cöwzev ` GjvKvevmx Zzgyj cöwzev` Ki Z _ vk j cwiw wz wbqš Y Avbvi Rb Rjv g vwr ªU QvÎ `i gyw³`v bi Av `k `b Avmv g evjk eq m Ljvi mv_x `i m ½ me Wv b `uvov bv (1) Ave`yj gwr` mikvi p v iv I (3) Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Ryby wzwb Uwj dv b AvjvcKv j AviI Rvbvb, ÔRyby Zv evwo _ K

79 78 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z cvwj q P j Mj Gic i Zuvi cwiev ii Ab m`m iv fvi ZB i q Mj mlv b Zuvi `ybfvb dqryj nk wmk`vi Ges byiæj nk wmk`vi gviv hvq Zv `i Kei GLv bb n q Q Ryby P qwqj I `i Kei v bi Kv Q GKwU gmwr` wbg vy K i w` e KviY ILv b GLbI A bk gymjgv bi emevm Av Q hw`i I `i evwowu Z evsjv `k _ K AvMZ wn `yiv emevm ïiæ K i Q wewfbœ Amyweavi Kvi Y Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei gmwr` Kivi B Qv c~iy nqwbõ Rvwg b gyw³ c q Gevi cwiev ii wm vší Abyhvqx Rqbyj nk wmk`vi ˆcwÎK Avw`wbevm KvwZ Kcyi nvb z ji `kg köwy Z fwz nb m mgq bwoqv f`imä _vbvmn G A ji zjmg~ ni g vwuªkz jkb cixÿvi K `ª Kzwgjøv Rjvi Puv`cyi gnkzgv kn i n Zv ZLb gnkzgv kni Puv`cyi Z Zv DbœZ wqjbv d j g vwuªk cixÿv_ xiv kn i Ae vb K i cixÿv w` Z wewfbœ Amyweavi m ylxb n Zv Aciw` K ewikvj kni Av M _ KB AeKvVv gvmzfv e A bk DbœZ Ges gv`vixcyi A ji jv Kiv ewikvj kn ii m ½ hvzvqv Z Af Í wqj, KviY ZrKvjxb gv`vixcyi gnkzgv A_ vr ez gvb kixqzcyi I gv`vixcyi Rjv GK Î ewikvj Rjvi GKwU gnkzgv wqj 1873 mv j gv`vixcyi gnkzgv dwi`cyi Rjvi gnkzgv wn m e n ÍvšÍwiZ nq 1978 mv j cvjs _vbv K m`i K i kixqzcyi gnkzgv vwcz nq gv`vixcy ii bwoqv, cvjs RvwRiv, MvmvBinvU, f`imä Ges bzzb _vbv WvgyW v gv`vixcyi _ K c _K K i kixqzcyi gnkzgv MwVZ nq 1984 mv ji deªæqvwi gv m gv`vixcyi, kixqzcyi, MvcvjMÄ, ivrevox I dwi`cyi m`i gnkzgv wejyß n q cuvpwu Avjv`v Rjvq iƒcvšíwiz nq G jv ez gv b e nëi dwi`cyi Rjvi AšÍM Z cuvpwu c _K Rjv ewikvj Rjv m`i K `ª g vwuªk cixÿv `Iqvi D Ï k Rqbyj nk wmk`vi cixÿvi dig c~iy Kivi Av M KvwZ Kcyi zj _ K wuwm wb q mlxcyi nvb z j fwz nb H z ji QvÎ gvnveye Avjx, byiæ wgqv I gvnv ` dwi` klmn gvu PviRb Qv Îi cixÿv K `ª ewikvj kn i cwiez bi Kvi Y cöwz Qv Îi Rb 5 UvKv AwZwi³ nv i gvu

80 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z UvKv Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Rgv `b 1949 mv ji gvp gv m AbywôZ g vwuªkz jkb cixÿv w` q wzwb cvm K ib KvwZ Kcy ii QvÎKvjxb wz QvÎve vq KvwZ Kcy i Rqbyj n Ki Ae vb ewk w` bi bq wkš G ^íkvjxb Ae v bi mg q KvwZ Kcy i cöfvekvjx Rwg`vi cwiev ii m ½I Zvi wkqzuv we iva ev a m mgq KvwZ Kcy i Rwg`vi PŠayix cwievi `yõwu avivq wef³ n q gvu lvj Avbv Rwg`vwii AvU Avbvi gvwjkvbvi bz Z wq jb grevn&dwïb PŠayixi cyî b~idwïb Avnvg` PŠayix Aci AvU Avbv gvwjkvbvi cöavb wq jb mivrdwïb PŠayixi cyî MqvmDwÏb Avng` PŠayix GB `yb wnm vi fz i wewfbœ wel q cöwz hvwmzv, gzwe iva I ilv iwl we` gvb wqj hw`i `yb wnm vi Rwg`viivB RvZxq ch v q LyeB m vwbz e w³z wq jb Rwg`vi grevn&dwïb Avn g` PŠayix 1921 mv j e½j cvj v g Ui ( e½j jwrm jwuf A v m ^wj) m`m wbe vwpz nb wzwb mikvwi ` ji ûbci g bvbxz nb fviz ^vax bi (1947) c~e ch ší wzwb ivrbxwz Z mwµq wq jb 1940 mv ji w` K wzwb e ovi beve AvjZvd Avjx PŠayixi Q j Zuvi fv Mœ gvnv ` Avjx PŠayix K ivrbxwz Z wb q Av mb gvnv ` AvjxI e ov _ K cvj v g U m`m wbe vwpz nb ciez xkv j gvgv grevndwïb Avng `i mn hvwmzvq gvnv ` Avjx gš x wbhy³ nb grevn&dwïb Avn g` PŠayixi m ½ ZLbKvi weªwuk Mfb ii Lye fv jv m úk wqj cöwz eqi weªwuk Mfb i Zuvi MÖx Kvjxb ivravbx `vwr wjs q wzb gvm _vkvkv j h KÕRb m`m Zuvi mvwbœ a _vk Zb Zvi g a grevndwïb PŠayix wq jb Ab Zg `k wefw³i ci fvize l i Mfb i Rbv ij jw gvd U e v Ub `k Z vm Kivi mgq grevn DwÏb Avn g` PŠayix K e w³mz wpwv w` q wbgš Y K ib Ges Zuv K wkqz Dc XŠKb cö`vb K ib G jv ez gv b grevn DwÏb Avn g` PŠayixi cvwievwik msmönkvjvq Av Q

81 80 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Aci As ki bzv MqvmDwÏb PŠayix 1937 mv j mvaviy wbe vp b e½xq e e vck mfvi m`m wbe vwpz nb 1938 mv j ki-g-evsjv G. K. drjyj n Ki bz Z MwVZ e½xq mikv ii wzwb WcywU Pxd ûbc wbe vwpz nb mv j wzwb dwi`cyi Rjv ev W i Pqvig vb wbe vwpz nb 1954 mv ji cöv `wkk cwil` wbe vp b hy³d«ui m`m wn m e wbe vwpz nb Ges 1955 mv j Avey nv mb mikv ii bz Z vaxb hy³d«u mikv ii vbxq ^vqëkvmb, mgevq I iwr ªkb `dzi mg~ ni gš x wbhy³ nb Zvi gwš Z i mgqb XvKv BgcÖæf g U Uªv (wwavbwu) MwVZ nq, hv ez gv b ivravbx Dbœqb KZ cÿ ev ivrdk Zuvi mg q Aci GK Ae`vb n jv BDwbqb KvDwÝ ji wbe vp b e vju ev i cöez b MqvmDwÏb Avn g` H mgqkvi GKgvÎ gymwjg Rwg`vi whwb mgvr Dbœq b Ab `i P q we kl f wgkv cvjb K ib wzwbb cö_g gymwjg whwb ^qs Rwg`vi n qi evsjvi MYgvby li e vck Kj v Yi Rb ki- G-evsjv G K drjyj n Ki Wv K mvov w` q Rwg`vi D Q` AvB bi ^c ÿ ^vÿi K ib GwU 1954 mv ji wbe vpb B Ínvi 21 `dvi Ask wqj MqvmDwÏb Avn g` PŠayix 1937 mvj _ K BD iv ci wewfbœ `k mdi K ib Rvg vwb, BUvwj, Zzi I wgki mdikv j wzwb ZrKvjxb ivóª bzv wnujvi, gy mvwjwb, Kvgvj cvkv I ev`kv dviæ Ki m ½ mvÿvr K ib jû b fviz m ªv Ui m ½ wzwb Pv qi grwj m hvm `b ` k divi mgq wzwb g vq cweî nreªz cvjb K ib mv ji `ywf ÿ ` ki RbmvaviY K wzwb mva g Zv mvnvh K i Qb ZvQvov A bk RbwnZKi cöwzôvb Zuvi mvnvh I mnvbyf wz Z M o I V KvwZ Kcyi ZLb Kv Vi e emvi eo K `ª wqj Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii cwievi Avmvg _ K Kv Vi eo eo uwo evsjvq cvvv Zb evsjvi Ab vb GjvKvi g Zv wkqz Ask KvwZ Kcy ii i L Zv weµq Kiv n Zv el vi mgq bškv hv M A bk cwigvy KvV Avmvq evrvi

82 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 81 GjvKvq Kv Vi uwo ivlvi RvqMv bv _vkvq wkqz Kv Vi eo ai bi uwo Rwg`vi evwoi mvg bi iv Ívi cv k ivlv nq Rwg`vi b~iæwïb PŠayixi KvV jv cq ` niqvq Zvi Kg Pvix w` q Kv Vi uwo Z PK w` q bvg jlvb N. C. (b~iæwïb PŠayix) Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Rwg`v ii Kg Pvwii Dcw wz Z cv w` q H jlv N. C. gy Q d jb welqwu b~iæwïb Avng` PŠayix K Rvbv bv n j Rwg`vi b~iæwïb Avng` PŠayix cqv`v w` q Rqbyj nk K W K cvvvb ec ivqv ^fv ei hyek Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Rwg`v ii cqv`v K mvd e j `b h, KD WvK jb wzwb hvbbv Rwg`v ii cö qvrb _vk j Zuv K Avm Z ej G welqwu MqvmDwÏb Avng` PŠayix wnm vi jvk Rqbyj nk K W K e jb b~iæwïb Avng` PŠayix hw` e j h Zvi RvqMv _ K KvV mwi q djv nvk ZLb hb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e j h m QvU wnm vi RvqMvq i L Q b~iæwïb PŠayix Lye wepÿy wq jb ZvB wzwb Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii ec ivqv AvPiY welq wb q Avi Kv bv D PevP bv K i welqwu ILv b mgvß K ib hyek eq m Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii `~i`wk Zv 1947 mv j evsjv wef³ n q cvwk Ívb I wn `ȳ vb bv g `yõwu ^vaxb ivóª Avjv`v niqvq evsjvi wn `y-gymjgvb `i g a gvz f wg Z vm Kivi cöeyzv m wó nq wecyj msl K gvbyl ev Z vmx niqvq gvby li g a RvqMv Rwg weµq Kivi cöeyzv e w cvq d j Rwgi g~j K g hvq Kv bv Kv bv ÿ Î bvggvî g~ j Rwg weµq n Z _v K GQvov wzwb eys Z c iwq jb h wn `y-gymjgvb `yõwu a g i gvby li g a ivr bwzk ˆewiZvi gva g h bzzb `yõwu c _K iv óªi m wó n q Q Zvi d j fvi Zi c~e vâ ji ivóª c~e e½ _ K AvMZ gymjgvbiv Avmvg AÂ j ewk w`b kvwší Z emevm Ki Z cvi e bv 1949 mv ji AvM gv m bemwvz c~e cvwk Ív bi ivravbx XvKv _ K Avmv g wd i wm q Rqbyj nk wmk`vi XvKv Z Rwg µ qi Rb 50 nvrvi UvKv wczvi Kv Q Pvb wczv Rqbyj nk K Dc `k `b Zzwg K j R fwz n q jlvcov K i eo n q wb R Avq K i Rwg µq

83 82 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z KwiI wczvi Kv Q P q UvKv bv cviqv Z wzwb wvk Ki jb h wbr cö Póvq Rxe b cöwzwôz n eb wczvi m ú `i cöwz Kv bv cökvi AvKl Y Zvi Avi ibj bv wzwb wvk Ki jb iv Zi Avuav i Zv K evwo _ K cvjv Z n e KviY, wczv hw` eys Z cv ib Z e Zvi Avi cvjvevi my hvm _vk e bv ZvB GKw`b my hvm ey S mü vi ci evwoi PvKi RqbywÏ bi gv_vq Zz j w` jb UªvsK I Pvgovi mÿ U Km e w³mz e envwik wrwbm jvi fzi D jøl hvm wqj 14 mu kvu I c v U hv AvwjMo wek we` vj q co Z hviqvi mgq Zv K `Iqv n qwqj Rqbyj nk wb Ri Kv Q ivl jb GKwU K v giv, GKwU `vwg Nwo, wzbwu mvbvi AvswU I `yõwu mvbvi gvni Avmv g dwkivmövg k b ivz 11Uvi mgq XvKvMvgx Uª b D V jvjgwbinvu dzjqwo evnv`yivev` NvU n q c ii w`b XvKvq cuš Qb D jøl, ez gv b hgybv b`xi Dci e½eüy mzz niqvi ci Uªb mivmwi XvKv P j Av m wkš m mg q jvjgwbinvu _ K Kv bv Uªb mivmwi XvKv AvmZ bv mzz niqvi c~ e hgybv b`xi `yb cövší dzjqzwo I evnv`yivev` Nv U hvîx `i w gv i cvi K i `yb cöv ší `Ðvqgvb Uª b hvîx `i DwV q XvKv ev jvjgwbinvu cuš Q `Iqv n Zv XvKv G m nv U j _vkvi e e v K i Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Zuvi wczvi dzcv Zv fvb Lvbevnv`yi Avwgi nv mb mv n ei m ½ `Lv K i GKUv PvKwii e e v Ki Z e jb Lvbevnv`yi Avwgi nv mb mv ne we q cökvk K i e jwq jb, Ô Zvgvi AveŸvi UvKvq Avwg cov kvbv K i Rxe b cöwzôv c q Lvb evnv`yi n qwq Avi Zuvi Q j n q Zzwg gvî g vwuªkz jkb cvm K i PvKwii Rb Avgv K ej QvÕ? DË i Rqbyj nk Rvbv jb h, ÔfviZ fvm n q Q Avmv gi h As k Zuv `i evwo Zv wn `ȳ v b c o Q H As k c~e evsjvi gymjgvbiv ewkw`b kvwší Z _vk Z cvi ebv ZvB Zv K Av M _ KB XvKv Z GKUv wkqz Ki Z n e AšÍZt cöv_wgkfv e GLv b _vkvi Rb b~ bzg GKUv PvKwi Zvi PvBÕ D jøl, hyek eq m Rqbyj nk wmk`vi fwel r m ^ Ü h `~i`wk Zvi cwipq w` qwq jb Zv ev Í e iƒc jvf Ki Z ewk mgq A cÿv Ki Z

84 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 83 nqwb Aíw` bi e eav b A_ vr 1950 mv ji 1 gvp Avmv g ÔevOvwj L`vIÕ bv g h Av `vjb ïiæ nq Zv ciez xkv j fqven `v½vq iƒc jvf K i G `v½vq g~jz ÿwzmö Í nq Avmv g eû eqi hvez emevmiz c~e evsjv _ K AvMZ gymjgvbiv 1950 mv j Avmv g ivq U ÿwzmö Í n q Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii wczv gk&di DwÏb wmk`vi Zuvi wekvj f -m úwë I A_ m ú` d j i L cwievi cwirbmn e emvwqk cuywri gvî `k jÿ UvKv m ^j wb q ˆcwÎK evwo KvwZ Kcy i wd i Av mb GLv b AviI D jøl Kiv hvq h, fviz wef³ n q `yõwu Avjv`v ^vaxb ivóª cöwzôvi 68 eqi cii G we iva kl nqwb `xn mgq a i gv Sg a we iva Pi g cušqv j `v½vi iƒc jvf K i 2013 mv ji cö_g gvm jv Z Avmv g h fqven mv úà vwqk `v½v bzzb K i ïiæ nq Zv Z kz kz cwiev ii evwoni Av b w` q cywo q djv nq d j m Qj cwievi jv Rxe b mewkqz nvwi q wiwjd K v ú gvb ezi Rxebhvc b eva nq 1949 mv ji m Þ ^i gv m h mskí wb q wzwb Avmv g wczvi wecyj m ú `i Askx`vwiZ Z vm K i wczvi evwo _ K cvwj q XvKv G mwq jb, ciez x Rxe b Zuvi m ^cœ c~iy n q Q L jvqvo wn m e BwcAvi-Gi QvU PvKwii gva g XvKv Z Zuvi Ae vb ïiæi gvî GK hym mg qi g a e emvwqk mvdj jv fi gva g avbgwûi cwð g kz kz wenv Rwgi gvwjk nb lv Ui `k K A_ vr 1971 mv j evsjv ` ki ^vaxbzv hy i c~ e Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii Aby iv a Lvbevnv`yi Avgxi nv mb ZrKvjxb cywjk wefv Mi cöavb Inspector General Police (IGP) kvgmy ¾vnvi Kv Q wpwv wj L `b cywjk wefv M GKwU PvKwii Rb wpwv wb q Rqbyj nk `Lv Ki j AvBwR Rvbv jb h wzwb mivmwi A vwm U mve BÝ c±i c ` wb qvm w` Z cv ib wkš mve BÝ c±i c ` wb qvm c Z n j cixÿvi gva g cvm K i Avm Z n e mve BÝ c± ii PvKwii Rb Rqbyj nk K cixÿvi Rb A cÿv Ki Z

85 84 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z n e GGmAvB-Gi PvKwi Ki Z Rqbyj nk m Z n jb bv! wkš Zvi mncvvx KvwZ Kcy ii kl gvnv ` dwi` 1949 mv ji m Þ ^i gv m Kb ej c ` wb qvm wb qwq jb Gici Rqbyj nk Army, Navy Recruitment Center-G hvmv hvm K ib m mg q Recruitment Center-Gi `vwq Z wq jb XvKv beve evwoi mšívb gri beve nvmvb AvmKvix wzwb Rqbyj nk K Rvbv jb h AvMvgx eqi A_ vr 1950 mv ji gvp -GwcÖj gv m Army Commission c ` jvk wb qvm Kiv n e mlvb _ KI Zuv K wedj n q wdi Z nj Gw` K nv Zi UvKv I bm` gvni ( ^Y gỳ ªv) kl n q hv Q nv Zi wzbwu mvbvi AvswUi g a `ywu AvswU eük `Iqv n q Q G Ae vq BwcAvi-Gi (B cvwk Ívb ivb dj) nw KvqvU vi wcjlvbv Z hvb ZLb Rqbyj n Ki ci b wqj UzBj wm éi kvu, nvqvbu wrý c v U, nv Z AvswU Ges west and watch Nwo Rqbyj nk K ` L gri gvnv ` Avn ` evsjv I D`y wgwj q ejwq jb, ÔAvc Zzwg cvi ebvõ ZLb Rqbyj nk ej jb, ÔAvwg D` y I Bs iwr fvlv RvwbÕ gri ZLb Rvb Z PvBj, ÔHow do you know urdu.õ Rqbyj nk ej jb, ÔAvgvi evwoi GKvwaK WªvBfvi cvävwe wqj Zv `i m ½ K_v e j Avwg D`y fvlv wk LwQÕ ZLb gri e jb, ÔZzwg eo jv Ki Q j, Zzwg G KvR Ki Z cvi ebvõ G ch v q Rqbyj nk ej jb, ÔAvwg fv jv dzuej Lj Z cvwi, Avgv K dzuej L jvqvo wnmv e wb Z cv ibõ gri Avn ` ej jb, ÔwZbUvi mgq Zzwg dzuej gv V Dcw Z _vk e, Zvgvi Test n eõ wbw` ó mg q Lj Z b g Centre half cwrkb _ K gv V cövavb we Ívi K i GKUv Mvj K i dj j gv V Dcw Z K b j wuavb cviqvm Lywk n q Zv K GKRb L jvqvo wn m e PvKwi `b Ges we kl wkqz myweav `Iqvi Av `k w` jb gvwmk ezb 200 UvKv I cövz wnk Lvevi Qvov ˆ`wbK AwZwi³ Avav mi `ya I 1 QUvK wn cö_g gv mi ezb c q eük ivlv AvswU `yõwu diz Avb Z M j KvwZ Kcy ii

86 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 85 Rwg`v ii bv qe gvrvddi gxi Rqbyj nk K ` L Rvb Z cv ib h m BwcAvi-Gi PvKwi Z hvm w` q Q Gi ekwkqz w`b ci Soldier Board-Gi m µuvwi drjyj nk mv n ei eo fvb K m ½ wb q Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii wczv wcjlvbv Z G m Rqbyj nk K PvKwi _ K Qvwo q biqvi Rb K b j wuavb cviqv m i m ½ `Lv K ib K b j wuavb cviqvm Rqbyj nk K W K ej jb, ÔZzwg PvKwiPz Z n Z hv Q; KviY Zzwg AvÛvi GBR Zvgvi wczv ej Qb Zvgvi eqm 17-18Õ ZLb Rqbyj nk ej jb, ÔAvgvi eqm 19 eqi Avgvi wczv K e jb, cögvy Ki Z h Avgvi eqm 19 eqi bqõ wzwb AviI ej jb, ÔAvgvi Recruitment Record-G jlv Av Q Avgvi eqm 19 ZvB Avgv K PvKwiPz Z Kiv hv ebvõ K b j Recruitment Register Avb Z ej jb Recruitment Register-G `Lv Mj zj mvwu wd KU bv _vkvq Wv³vi wj L i L Qb, ÔBy Apparance the Candidate age is 19.Õ K b j ZLb wmk`vi mv n ei wczv K ej jb, ÔRegister Abyhvqx Avwg Zv K PvKwiPz Z Ki Z cvwibv Avcbvi Q j K i L hvb m GKw`b Shine Ki eõ Gici Awdwmqvwj cyî K PvKwiPz Z Ki Z bv c i wczv Zvi cyî K D Ï k K i e jb, ÔAvwg Avmvg _ K 10 jÿ UvKv wb q G mwq Zzwg Avgvi Kv Q câvk nvrvi UvKv P qwq j Avwg Zvgv K GK jvl UvKv `e Zey Zzwg evwo Z wd i P jvõ wkš Rqbyj nk wmk`vi wczvi G cö Íve cöz vl vb K i BwcAv ii PvKwi Z i q M jb BwcAv ii PvKwi Pjv Ae vq Avwg Kwgkb i v ¼i PvKwii Rb cwðg cvwk Ívb _ K wm jkkb ev W i m`m iv XvKv Z Av mb 1950 mv ji gvp gv m wbqgvbyhvqx BwcAv ii PvKwi _ K c`z vmcî Rgv w` q Rqbyj nk wm jkkb ev W i cixÿvq nvwri nb wm jkkb evw Zuv K g bvbxz K i

87 86 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z wm jkkb evw KZ K g bvbxz n q Rqbyj nk BwcAv i Kg iz w`bvrcyi wbevmx K v Þb Ave`yj ReŸvi I ivrkvnx wbevmx K v Þb Avwg bi m ½ mšrb we`vqx mvÿvr Ki Z M j Zuviv DfqB e jb ÔZzwg cvwk Ívb mbvevwnbx Z Kwgkb i v ¼ PvKwi c qq Avgiv Lywk; wkš Zvgvi Pwi Î Ab v qi cöwzev` Kivi h cöeyzv Av Q Zv Gai bi PvKwii ÿ Î ÿwzki mbvevwnbxi PvKwi Z Gai bi g bvfve wbr Pwi Î jvjb Kivi Kv bv my hvm bb mw`b dzuej Ljvi gv V cvävwe K v Þb kvn biqvr K Ljvi mgq Nywl g iwq j, Gai bi NUbv hw` cwðg cvwk Ív b NUv Z Z e Zvgvi KvU gvk vj n q hz Uªwbs Ae vq cöwkÿkiv cv qi ey Ui Uv w` q wkÿv_ x `i g i _v K Avgiv g b Kwi Zzwg wb R K AviI mnbkxj K i M o Zzj e Ges Uªwbs PjvKvjxb mgquv wb R K LyeB mshz ivl eõ K v Þb Avwgb I K v Þb ReŸv ii m ½ Av jvpbvi ci wb R wb R A bk wpšív K i wm vší wb jb h, wzwb cvwk Ívb mbvevwnbxi Kwgkb i v ¼i PvKwi Z hvm w` eb bv BwcAv i _ K hv eb ZvB wzwb BwcAvi-Gi DaŸ Zb Awdmvi K Aby iva Ki jb Zv K Reinstate K i wb Z Awd mi KvMRc Î `Lv hvq Zvi c`z vmcî dvb j Av Q, wkš Zv K PvKwi _ K Ae vnwz w` q Kv bv cî Bmÿ Kiv nqwb, ZvB Re-instate-Gi cö qvrb n jv bv wzwb c~ e i g Zv BwcAvi-Gi PvKwi Z i q M jb 1951 mv j BwcAvi PvKwi Z G U UW cö gvkb c q K c vivj (bv qk) nb Gmgq Zv K gšwjkfv e Awd m Pay Section-G KvR Ki Z n Zv 1955 mv j wzwb we q K ib msmv i e q e o hvq Gici _ K wzwb e emv Kivi wpšív Ki Z _v Kb wkš cuywri Afv e e emv Avi Ki Z mvnm KiwQ jb bv e emv Kivi wm v ší A jšwkkzvi cöfve 1957 mv j Rqbyj nk wmk`vi ZLb BwcAvi-Gi Pay Section-G Kg iz Zuvi Aax b bvqvlvjx evwo jyrdi ingvb bv g GK Kg Pvix

88 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 87 KvR KiZ 12 eqi Av M m we q K i Q G ch ší Zvi xi Kv bv mšívb nqwb xm f mšívb avi Yi Rb gv Sg a wewfbœ cxi-dwki- `i e ki Kv Q hvzvqvz Ki Zv GKw`b m Rqbyj nk wmk`vi K Rvbv jv h BwcAvi m`i `ß ii wbku wrmvzjv Z GKRb fv jv Kv gj dwki G m Qb Avcwb Avgvi m ½ P jb dwki mv n ei m ½ `Lv K i Avwm Rqbyj nk wmk`vi wb R dwk ii m ½ `Lv Kivi Zgb Kv bv B Qv Abyfe KiwQ jb bv Zey jyrdi ingv bi we kl Aby iv a Awb Qv _vkv m Ë I dwki mv n ei gvnwd j Dcw Z n jb em jb wcqb w` K GK ch v q Rqbyj nk K W K dwki mv ne Kv Q emv jb gvbyl h me nvw`qv w`w Q jb Zv Rqbyj nk wmk`vi K ivl Z w`w Q jb dwki mv ne Rqbyj nk K D Ïk K i ej jb, ÔAvcwb Zv Uªv Ki e emv ïiæ Ki Z hv QbÕ Rqbyj nk A bk w`b a ib e emvi K_v wpšív KiwQ jb wkš Uªv Ki e emvi wpšív Zvi g b KLbI Av mwb GQvov Zvi BwcAv ii PvKwi Z GKUv cö gvkb n Z hv Q welqwu GK ikg P ovší ch v q D P ch v q wm vší n q ïay wbqggvwdk wpwv Bmÿ Kiv evwk G c ` Zuvi ezb niqvi K_v gvwmk 500/- (cuvpkz) UvKv ZvB AvcvZZt Zvi e emv Kivi wpšív wqjbv dwki mv n ei K_v ï b Rqbyj n Ki g b ek LUKv jv M, KviY hlv b cuywri Afv ei Kvi Y e emv Ki Z cvi Qbv, mlv b Uªv Ki e emv Kivi K_vB DV Z cv ibv Gici _ K Rqbyj nk wmk`vi B Qv-Awb Qv wgkv bv GKUv we kl Uv b gv Sg a dwki mv n ei Kv Q h Zb Gi K qkw`b ci dwki mv ne Nvovi Mvwo Z P o BwcAvi M U G m Rqbyj nk K LuyR Z _v Kb D jøl, H mgq XvKv kn i PjvP ji cwienb wnmv e Nvovi Mvwo I wi vi cöpjb wqj m mgq m`inv Ui wf ±vwiqv cvk _ K bvivqymä ch ší hvzvqv Zi Rb U vw PjvPj KiZ

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90 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 89 Rqbyj nk ej jb, ÔAvwg Av LivZ PvBÕ dwki mv ne ej jb, hvb, Avcwb `yuvb cv eb `ywbqvi cv eb, Av LivZI cv ebõ G K_v e j dwki mv ne AÜKv i wgwj q M jb wb Ri g bi fz i GKUv A jšwkk Abyf wz wb q iv Z BwcAvi KvqvU v i Rqbyj nk wd i Av mb UªvK µ qi gva g Rxe bi cö_g e emv ïiæ G NUbvi wkqzw`b ci XvKvi PKevRv ii gw`bv weª mvcøvbr Kv úvwbi GKwU cyivzb UªvK weµ qi cö Íve Rqbyj nk cvb g b B Qv Rv M UªvK µq Kivi wkš nv Z UvKv bb wvk Ki jb xi Mnbv eük i L Uªv Ki Rb evqbv w` eb evwk UvKv eüz-evüe `i wbku _ K nvijvz wb q e emv ïiæ Ki eb xi Mnbv eük i L gvî GK nvrvi UvKv cviqv Mj H UvKv w` q UªvK µ qi evqbv Ki eb e j wvk Ki jb Gi Av M Uªv Ki e emv Kivi welq BwcAv ii K b j wu.avb cviqv m i m ½ Avjvc K ib wzwb Rqbyj nk K Rvbv jb h Zzwg h nzz PvKwi Ki ZvB Zvgvi bv g UªvK µq KwiI bv Zvgvi cwiev ii Ab Kv bv m` m i bv g µq KwiI ZvB Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Zuvi gv ÔRwibv wmk`viõ-gi bv g UªvK µq K i Rxe bi cö_g e emv ïiæ K ib xi Mnbv eük i L cviqv GK nvrvi UvKv evqbv Kivi gva g UªvK µ qi Rb evqbv Kivi K_v Rvb Z c q ivrkvnx evwo BwcAvi my e`vi gri ^ Qvq G m 1600 UvKv nvijvz `b Rqbvj Av e`xb bv g KvqvU vi gv vi whwb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi K wgzv ej Zb Zvi wbku _ K 500 UvKv nvijvz bb KvqvU vi gv vi Avjx AvKevi nvijvz `b 900 UvKv G ch ší 3 nvrvi UvKv nvijvz cviqv Mj wkš evwk GK nvrvi UvKv msmö ni welq wb q Awd m e m Mv j nvz w` q wpšív KiwQ jb, Ggb mgq cwðg cvwk Ív bi jv nv ii Awaevmx BwcAvi-Gi ikb K Uªv±i m`idwïb mv ne Rqbyj n Ki

91 90 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Kv Q G m ej jb, ÔwKD mvm iv n nvq, g vq kvbv Avc UªvK evqbv wkqv Avwf P jv g i mv_õ GB e j m`idwïb mv ne Rqbyj nk K Zuvi evwo wb q M jb Ges jvnvi wm `yk Ly j ej jb, Avcbvi hv cö qvrb Avcwb wb q wbb Rqbyj nk m`idwïb mv ne K ej jb, ÔAvgv K GK nvrvi UvKv `bõ Avwg H UvKv diz `Iqvi k Z Avcbvi wbku _ K UvKv wbw Q e j Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Zuv K UvKv diz `Iqv A½xKvibvgv m ^wjz GKwU KvMR wj L `b m`idwïb mv ne A½xKvibvgvwU wqu o d j e jb, ÔG KvM Ri cö qvrb n ebvõ ZLb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi ej jb, ÔUvKv diz `Iqvi A½xKvibvgv Avcwb wqu o d j Qb, Avwg UvKv bebv Avcwb cöwzgv m nvrvi UvKv Avgvi gva g c g U wb q _v Kb, wkš Avwg KL bv Avcbvi wbku _ K Kv bv UvKv cqmv bbwb GgbwK Avcwb Avgv K Golden Shefers Kjg Dcnvi w` qwq jb ZvI Avwg MÖnY Kwiwb Avcwb hw` nvijvz wn m e Avgv K UvKv bv `b Z e Avwg H UvKv MÖnY KiebvÕ m`idwïb mv ne Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii cö Ívebvq m Z niqvq UvKvUv MÖnY K ib Avmv g QvÎ Ae vq Rqbyj nk cwiev ii Mvwo Pvwj q Mvwo Pvjv bv wel q `ÿzv AR b K iwq jb ZvB cö_g Ae vq Rqbyj nk wmk`vi wb R WªvBfvi Avi Zuvi PvPv Zv fvb nvwkg wqj Uªv Ki njcvi Uªv Ki cö_g fvov wqj ez gvb nriz kvnrvjvj AvšÍR vwzk wegvb e `i GjvKv _ K Lo G b ZRMuvI q Kvwnbyi KwgK vj Kv úvwb Z cuš Q `Iqv fvov 15 UvKv cö_g wuª cb Mvwoi Uvqvi cvspvi n q hvq hvi d j mü viv Z Lo evsvb K i Zv Kvwnbyi Kv úvwb Z cuš Q w` Z mviv ivz j M hvq Uªv Ki e emv ïiæi ci BwcAvi-Gi mikvwi KvqvU v i _vk Z Amyweav `Lv `q KviY UªvK msµvší wewfbœ wel q evb ii jv Ki mikvwi KvqvU v i Avmv-hvIqvq Amyweav nw Qj ZvB mikvwi KvqvU vi Q o KjvevMvb evmv fvov bb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi K qk gvm UªvK

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93 92 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Luy R Mdzi cvm ji m ½ `Lv K ib Mdzi cvmj wbr _ K Rqbyj n Ki KjvevMv bi evmvq Avmvi cö Íve `b Ges evwo Z G m GK e`bv cvwb Z dzu w` q Uªv Ki Mv q wqwu q `b wd i hviqvi mgq Rqbyj n Ki KvQ _ K cö_ g 5 UvKv, c i 10 Ges me k l 15 UvKv wb q hvb Zv wqj Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii kl A_ Ae k l Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii weqvbvi j U i Pv`iwUI P q wb q P j hvb Gici _ K Uªv Ki Avq evo Z _v K cyivzb Uvqvi m ikg eo Kv bv mgm v KiZ bv GKgvm UªvK Pvjv bvi ci c~ e i mgỳ q `bv cwi kva nq A bk fvovi Pvwn`vI Avm Z _v K ciez x Pvi gv mi Avq w` q AviI wzbwu UªvK µq K ib Rqbyj nk wmk`vi cöwfbwmqvj BwÄwbqvm Kv úvwbi m ½ hš_pviwu UªvK w` q e emv ïiæ K ib wzwb mgquv wqj 1958 mv ji A ±vei gv m AvBqye Lv bi Rvwi Kiv gvk vj jõ qi c~ e Avwg QvU ejvq `ªæZcVb eb Z Ava vwz K Awj `i hvmv hvm m ^ Ü GKwU Mí c owqjvg MíwU wqj PZz` k kzvãxi wøzxq fv M HwZnvwmK cwieªvrk Be b ezzzvi fviz Ges Px b ågy m ^Üxq MíwU wkqzuv cövmw½k weavq, Avgvi wz _ K mswÿß AvKv i Dc vcb KiwQ cvj Mv`v j Lb, ÔBe b ezzzv RvnvR hv M PÆMÖvg cuš Q nhiz kvnrvjv ji m ½ `Lv Ki Z c`eª R wm j Ui D Ï k iibv nb cw_g a `yrb e w³ Be b ezzzvi m ½ `Lv K i Rvbvb nhiz kvnrvjvj Zv `i wb ` k w` q Qb Avcbv K nhi Zi wbku cuš Q w` Z Be b ezzzv welqwu m ^ Ü GKUz wpwšíz n jb, KviY wzwb Zvi AvMgb evz v B Zvc~ e nhiz kvnrvjv ji Kv Q cvvvbwb wm j U K qkw`b AwZevwnZ K i nhiz kvnrvjv ji KvQ _ K we`vq biqvi mgq nhiz kvnrvjvj Zuvi wb Ri nv Z ˆZwi Kiv GKUv KvU Be b ezzzvi Mv q cwi q `b Px b cuš Q ivrvi m ½ `Lv Ki j ivrv Zuv K Rvbvb AvMvgx Z Zuvi m ½ mvÿvr Ki eb Px bi GKRb cöl vz gymwjg mvak ivrvi KvQ _ K we`v qi mgq nhiz kvnrvjv ji `Iqv KvUwU ivrv Be b ezzzvi Kv Q Pvb Be b ezzzv wøavwš^z n q c ob, KviY KvUwU

94 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 93 nhiz kvnrvjvj Zuv K w` q Qb Ab w` K ivrv GKRb m vwbz e w³, Zuv K cöz vl vb KivI hvq bv Awb Qv m Ë I Be b ezzzv Mv qi KvUwU Ly j ivrv K w` jb wbw` ó w`b gymwjg mva Ki m ½ mvÿvrkv j Be b ezzzv `L jb gymwjg mva Ki Mv q nhiz kvnrvjv ji `Iqv H KvUwU, hv Be b ezzzv ivrv K w` qwq jb mvÿv Zi GK ch v q Be b ezzzv gymwjg mvak K KvU m ^ Ü wrávmv Ki j mvak Be b ezzzv K Rvbvb, nhiz kvnrvjvj Zuv K B Zvc~ e Rvwb qwq jb, Avgvi m ½ `Lv Ki Z Be b ezzzv fvi Z Avm Qb, ZLb Avcbvi Rb GKwU KvU Avwg mjvb K i i LwQ, Be b ezzzvi m ½ cvwv q `eõ G _ K Ava vwz K RM Zi e w³ `i hvmv hv Mi GKUv Avfvm cviqv hvq GLv b D jøl Kiv hvq h, H mg q Kv bv Uwj hvmv hvm e e v wqjbv Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii Kg Rxe bi ïiæ Z hgb A jšwkkzvi cöfve cwijwÿz nq Zgwb Zuvi ciez x Rxe bi A bk NUbv ZI A jšwkkzvi wb`k b cviqv hvq G ai bi K qkwu NUbv GLv b D jøl KiwQ Av gwikv Z cöevm Rxeb kl K i beÿb `k Ki cö_ g evsjv ` k wd i G m Rqbyj nk wmk`vi cöwzôv K ib gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj G nvmcvzvj msjmœ GjvKvq GKwU gmwr` wbg v Yi mgq GKwU A jšwkk NUbv N U welqwu wqj gmwr `i wbg vy KvR ïiæi c~ e Kv bv cwzi wbku _ K Kv bv cøvb bv K i wb Ri wpšív _ K Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Zuvi BwÄwbqvi kl Kvgiæj û`v K gvkomvi Rv ji g Zv GKwU bkkv gvwu Z Gu K eyws q w` q gvwu KvUvi KvR ïiæ K i `b G bkkvwu Kv bv cökvi KvM R Kiv wqjbv gvwu KvUvi KvR Pjv Ae vq gvwu KvUv GK jev ii AvPi Y A ^vfvwekzv cwijwÿz nq gvwu KvUvi Ab jeviiv BwÄwbqvi Kvgiæj û`v K Rvbvq h, H jev ii Dci R x bi AvQi c o Q BwÄwbqvi Kvgiæj welqwu eys Z bv c i jeviwu K Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii wbku wb q

95 94 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Av mb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi H jeviwui euv nv Zi Kbx AvOyj P c a ib ZLb H jeviwu ej Z _v K, ÔAvgv K Q o `b, Avwg GLbB P j hve Avwg Avi GLv b _vke bvõ Rqbyj nk wmk`vi wrávmv K ib, Ô Kb Zzwg G jvkwui Dci AvQi K iqõ? m Rvbvq, ÔAvgiv mvz evb GLv b _vkzvg G jvkwu Avgv `i _vkvi v b cömªve K i Q ZvB I K kvw Í `Iqvi Rb Ii Dci miqvi n qwqõ GK ch v q wrb Rvbvq, ÔAvgv K Q o w`b, Avwg GLvb _ K P j hve Ges gmwr` wbg v Y Kv bv evav `e bvõ Rqbyj nk wmk`vi jvkuvi nvz Q o w` j jvkwu c~ e i g Zv ^vfvwek AvPiY Ki Z _v K Ges gvwu KvUvi KvR h_vixwz kl nq gmwr` fe bi Kjvg jv Qv` ch ší D V hvq wkš bkkv hv Rqbyj nk BwÄwbqvi Kvgiæj û`v K gvwu Z Gu K eyws q w` qwq jb Zv BwÄwbqvi Kvgiæj fz j hvq gvwu Z AuvKv bkkvwu A bk Av MB gy Q M Q Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei wbku bzzb K i wrávmv Ki ZI mvnm cvw Q jb bv BwÄwbqvi mv ne Ggwb GK ch v q GK iv Z mvbu BwÄwbqvi Kvgiæj û`v ^ cœ ` Lb GKRb mỳ k b eyrym e w³ Zv K ej Qb, ÔRyby (Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii QvU ejvi cvwievwik bvg) Zvgv K hfv e e j Q, Hfv e Zzwg KvR Kiev, Ab KviI K_vgZ Ki e bv ^ cœb Zvi g b nw Qj gvwu Z AvuKv bkkvwu Zvi mvg b bzzb K i Dcw Z n q Q ^ cœ Zv K Av `k Kiv n jv Zzwg G ^ cœi welqwu cökvk Ki e bvõ ciw`b ^ cœ `Lv bkkv Abyhvqx gmwr `i cö_g Zjvi Qv `i KvR ïiæ nq Gfv e wzb Zjvwewkó gmwr` wbg vy kl nq wkš GK ch v q BwÄwbqvi Kvgiæj û`v Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii wczvi Pnviv wk ikg wqj Zv Rvbvi AvMÖn cökvk Kivi GK ch v q

96 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 95 ^ cœi welqwu Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii wbku cökvk K i d jb Gi K qk w` bi g a BwÄwbqvi Kvgiæj û`vi Pnviv wek Z n q gy L ÿz m wó nq BwÄwbqvi Kvgiæj û`v K Rqbyj nk wmk`vi AvRgxi kixd cvwv q `b Avjøvn&i B Qvq wzwb mȳ n q ` k wd i Av mb ez gv b BwÄwbqvi Kvgiæj û`v Rqbyj n Ki GLv b Kg iz Av Qb Avwg e w³mzfv e Zvi mvÿvrkvi wb qwq gmwr`wui wzb Zjvi KvR mgvß n q Q 1998 mv j gvî 3 gv m RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj Rv g gmwr` gmwr `i KvR k l `Lv hvq wbg vy KŠk j ekwkqz ˆewkó dz U D V Q hv gmwr` Kivi c~ e cwikíbv Kivi mgq wpšív Kiv nqwb ˆewkó jv Bmjvg a g i AvwK`vMZ wel qi m ½ msmwzc~y gmwr` wbg vy ˆewkó jv D jøl K i evsjv `k BmjvwgK dvd Ûk b cvvv bv nq BmjvwgK dvd Ûkb _ K gmwr `i wbg vy ˆewkó jvi m ½ Bmjv gi AvwK`v jvi wgj D jøl K i GKwU cî cvvvb c Îi welq jv gmwr `i cö ek c _ `Iqv j k Zcv_ i Lv`vB K i wjwce K i ivlv n q Q cvv Ki ÁvZv _ gmwr `i ˆewkó jvi m ½ Bmjvg a g i AvwK`v jvi h mv` k Av Q Zv wb œ Zz j aiv

97 96 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z nj : gmwr `i fz i GKwU m Uvi Kjvg ` k gvb hv Avjøvn&i GKvZ ev `i mvÿx gmwr`wu GKwU lo ˆiwLK ZviKv wfwëi Dci cöwzwôz GwU Bw½Z K i h bex Kwig nhiz gvnv ` (mv.) Avi ki Avmgv b GKwU ZviKv wn m e iwÿz wq jb gmwr `i cö ek c_mn Qqw` Ki Gwj fk b GKB ik gi cuvpwu jyevi ev wd«ä Av Q, G jv Bmjv gi 5wU Í i cözxk cö Z K w` K cuvpwu K i me gvu 30wU jyevi i q Q GwU Bmjv gi Rxebweavb I 30 cviv KviAv bi Bw½Z gmwr `i 3 Zjv Z me gvu 99wU weg i q Q, hv Avjøvn&i 99 bv gi cözxk gmwr ` cöz ÿ I c ivÿfv e gvu 13wU Kjvg i q Q, hv bvgv Ri 13 dir AviKvb-AvnKv gi m ½ m úwk Z gmwr `i M ^y Ri msl v 7wU, hv Bgv b gydvmmv ji 7wU di Ri Bw½Z gmwr `i c viv c U 4wU avc i q Q hv Bmjv gi 4 Lwjdv, 4 wkzve, 4wU Kz`&wm wksev 4 gvrnv ei cözxk RW. GBP. wmk`vi gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj Rv g gmwr`wu wn i AviI wkqz A jšwkk NUbv N U hv wqj wb œiƒc: ÔgmwR`wUi wbg vy KvR ïiæ nq ivrvi 40 w`b Av M A_ vr KvR ïiæ Kivi 40 w`b ci Zvivwen&i bvgvr GB gmwr ` cov nq bvgvr cov ïiæ Kivi Av M wmk`vi mv ne gmwr ` wgjv` gvnwdj I `vqvi Av qvrb K ib wgjv` gvnwd j wmk`vi mv ne AvMZ gymwjø `i Rb ZeviK wnmv e 400 c v K Ui e e v K iwq jb wkš wgjv ` cövq jvk Dcw Z nq wgjv` k l ZeviK wezi Yi `vwqz cövß jv Kiv ZeviK Kg n q hviqvi Avk¼vq DwØMœ wqj ZLb wmk`vi mv ne Avjøvn&i bvg iy K i c v KU weziy Ki Z ej jb c v KU weziy Kivi ci `Lv Mj Dcw Z jvk K GKwU K i c v KU `Iqvi cii 40wU c v KU AwZwi³ i q Q Gici ivrvi GK gvm ci C`yj

98 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 97 wdz ii bvgvr C`yj wdz ii bvgvr covi ci GB gmwr ` AveviI wmk`vi mv ne wgjv` gvnwdj I `vqvi Av qvrb K ib ZLbI wmk`vi mv ne AvMZ gymwjø `i Rb 1000 c v KU Zevi Ki e e v K iwq jb wkš wgjv` gvnwd j Dcw Z jv Ki msl v GK nvrv ii A bk ewk niqvq ZeviK weziykvixiv wpwšíz n q c ob ZLb wmk`vi mv ne c~ e i g Zv Avjøvn&i bvg iy K i c v KU weziy Ki Z ej jb Avjøvn&i bvg iy K i c v KU weziy Kivi ci `Lv Mj mk j GKwU K i c v KU cviqvi cii 40wU c v KU AwZwi³ i q M Q D jøl, H wgjv` gvnwd j MYcÖRvZš x evsjv `k mikv ii ZrKvjxb cvwbm ú` gš x f`imä _ K wbe vwpz Ggwc Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii œnab AvIqvgx jxm bzv Ave`yi iv¾vk Ges RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr cöwzôvkvjxb ^v gš x PŠayix Kvgvj Be b BDmyd Dcw Z wq jb PŠayix Kvgvj Be b BDmyd Ave`yi iv¾vk AviI GKwU A jšwkk NUbvi welq wqj nvmcvzv ji g~j fe bi cwð gi jkwu K wn i GKw`b ga iv Z Rqbyj nk wmk`vi nvmcvzvj fe bi cwð g j Ki cv o Awdm Ni _ K GKUz `~ i `uvwo q Av Qb nvvr Zuvi Pv L coj GKRb j ^v DuPz gvbyl mv`v cvkvk cwiwnz

99 98 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Ae vq `wÿy w`k _ K j Ki cvwbi Dci w` q nu U Avm Qb Dwb `uvwo q ib jb Ges Avjøvn& K iy K i wb Ri gb K ej jb, mv`v Kvco cwiwnz ZvB ÿwz Ki e bv ev Í ei `Lv Mj jvkuv cvwbi Dci w` q wkqz`~i Zuvi w` K GwM q G m Avevi MwZc_ cwiez b K i cwðg w` K m i wm q DËi w` K P j M jb ek K qk eqi ci jkwui cwðg cvo QvU K i hlb cvo euvav bv n q M Q, ZLb `Lv Mj wmk`vi mv ne m iv Z mv`v cvkvk cwiwnz h jvkwu K m c_ w` q P j h Z ` LwQ jb, H c_ Abyhvqx j Ki cwðg cvo euvav bv n q Q RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj Ges gmwr` msjmœ jk Aci GKwU A jšwkk NUbv m ^ Ü Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Rvbvb h 2013-Gi Rvbyqvwi gv m iscyi Rjvi eolv`v nvwzqvev `vi ûryi AÜ nv dr erjyi ingv bi ILv b K ^j wezi Yi Rb wzwb Zvi Q j evey K cvvvb evey ILv b wm q K ^j wezi Yi KvR ïiæ K i w` q Q G msev` c q Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Q j evey K gvevb j wb ` k w` jb, ÔK qkwu K ^j Avjv`v K i i L `Iqvi Rb GKRb dwki `i e ki g Zv jvk G m Zvgvi Kv Q K ^j PvB Z cv i, Zzwg Zuv K Lye ZvwR gi m ½ H K ^j jv w` eõ

100 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 99 gvevb j K_v ejvi wkqz mgq ci mz mz B GKRb `i ek mv` k gvb jvk G m ej jb, ÔAvgvi K ^j Kv_vqÕ evey h_vixwz `i ek K H Avjv`v Kiv K ^j jv `wl q ej jb, ÔG jv Avcbvi K ^jõ `i ek mv ne K ^j jv wb q evey K GKUv cv_i w` q ej jb, ÔG cv_iwu K w` q GKwU AvswU evwb q nv Z ivwl qvõ iscyi Rjvi eolv`v nvwzqvev `vi ûryi AÜ nv dr erjyi ingvb dwi`cyi P ^vi Ae Kgv m i mv ek mfvcwz I wewkó e emvqx gvneyeyi ingvb Lvb Ges dwi`cy ii wewkó e emvqx Lwjjyi ingvb grby MZ Zvwi L Uwj dvb mvÿvrkv i Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei A jšwkk kw³ I Ava vwz KZv m ^ Ü e jb h, Ô1981 mv ji g gvm, gryiw`qvi Kv Q wmk`vi mv n ei GKwU weª Ri KvR PjwQj wkš AbeiZ e wó niqvi Kvi Y XvjvB qi KvR Kiv

101 100 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z m e wqjbv ZvB Kv Ri Kv bv AMÖMwZI nw Qj bv wmk`vi mv ne wb R Kv Ri v b wm q 10 w` bi g a XvjvB qi KvR kl Kivi Rb Avgv `i ZvwM` w`w Q jb Avgiv ejjvg cöwzw`b e wó niqvi Kvi Y GB `kw` b XvjvB qi KvR kl Kiv m e n ebv m mgq wmk`vi mv ne Kv bv K_v bv e j GK Møvm LvIqvi cvwb w` Z ej jb wzwb Møv mi cvwb wkqzuv cvb Kivi ci weoweo K i wb œ ^ i wk me D PviY K i cvwb Z dzu w` jb dzu `Iqv Møv mi Aewkó cvwbuzkz wb RB cvb K i ej jb, ÔhvI AvMvgx `kw` bi g a Kv bv e wó-ev`j n ebv Zvgiv XvjvB qi KvR kl K iv ev Í ei `Lv Mj weª Ri Avkcv ki A j cövq cöwzw`b e wó nw Qj; wkš weª Ri Kv Ri v b Kv bv e wó nw Qj bv `k w` bi g a XvjvB m úbœ niqvi ci gyljav i e wó ïiæ njõ gvneye Lvb AviI Rvbvb h, Ôdwi`cyi A j wmk`vi mv n ei A bk jv wvkv`vwi KvR Pjvi Kvi Y wmk`vi mv ne cövqb dwi`cy i Avm Zb Ges Avgiv mve ÿwyk Zuvi m½x wn m e _vkzvg 1981 mv ji 30 g Avi GKwU NUbv m ^ Ü gvneye Lvb I Lwjjyi ingvb grby Rvbvb h, ZrKvjxb cöwm W U wrqvdi ingvb h iv Z mvgwik evwnbxi jvk Øviv wbnz nb H iv Z wmk`vi mv ne dwi`cy i wq jb we K j cöpð So-e wói g a wzwb Avgv `i ej jb h, ÔwRqvDi ingvb kl n q Mj Zvgiv `L AvKvk _ K i³ Si Q wrqvdi ingvb Avi bbõ ivz k l mkv j iwwi- Uwjwfkb gvidz Rvbv Mj, cöwm W U wrqvdi ingvb wbnz n q Qb GLv b D jøl h, H mgq A_ vr 27 g 1981 mv j dwi`cyi hviqvi Av M G Kv R Z`viKKvix DaŸ Zb Kg KZ v WvB i±i mv n ei m ½ wmk`vi mv n ei hviqvi K_v wqj dwi`cy ii D Ïk iiqvbv niqvi Av M wmk`vi mv ne WvB i±i mv n ei evmvq cušqvb m mgq wmk`vi mv n ei m ½ wqj GKRb Kv gj `i ek iibv niqvi Av MB gryiw`qv weªr wbg v Yi cö R± Bgwcø gb Ukb eÿ iv (wcavbwe) WvB i±i grev

102 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 101 DÏxb Avn g`-gi Aiæwbgv mikvwi evmfe bi Wªwqs iæ g e m K_v nw Qj evwoi M nkî x WvB i±i mv n ei x wewfbœ K_v cöm ½ e½eüz kl gywreyi ingvb I Zuvi cyî kl Kvgvj m ú K weiƒc gšíe Ki j wmk`vi mv ne D ËwRZ n q m ½ ivlv wc Íj ei K i wj Kivi Rb D` Z nb ZLb f`ªgwnjv fq c q AÁvb n q c ob m mgq Kv gj `i ek e j I Vb, Ô cöwm W U wrqvdi ingvb Avi ewkw`b _vk e bvõ x Amȳ niqvi Kvi Y WvB i±i mv ne Zvi mdi evwzj Ki jb wkš wmk`vi mv ne h_vixwz dwi`cyi iibv n q wm qwq jb wmk`vi mv n ei m ½ Ava vwz K e w³z `i m ú K i Av ikwu wb`k b cviqv hvq 1976 mv ji GKwU NUbvq e½eüzi g Zz i ci ZrKvjxb mvgwik kvmk Mvôx Zv K MÖdZvi K i wkqzw`b ci wb ` vl cögvwyz n q gyw³ cviqvi ci ivrkvnx Z Zuvi wvkv`vwi Kv Ri e vcv i Gw wkdwuf BwÄwbqvi Rbve Kwei wbg vyvaxb wewìswu `ªæZ n ÍvšÍ ii Rb Aby iva K ib wmk`vi mv ne BwÄwbqvi mv ne K Rvbvb Zuvi cvibv wej Av M cwi kva Kiv nvk Gw wkdwuf BwÄwbqvi Rbve Kwei G wel q Gwo q wm q wmk`vi mv ne K e jb, Ô ev Sb ZvÑAvwg i KvR, ZvB Avcwb ZvovZvwo n vûifvi K ib G K_vi cöwzwµqvq wmk`vi mv ne D ËwRZ n q hvb; KviY K qkw`b Av M webv `v l Avwg Zuv K R j cvwv qwqj GLb Avevi Gw wkdwuf BwÄwbqvi cvibv cwi kva bv K ib wewìs n ÍvšÍ ii Rb Avwg i fq `Lv QbÕ GK ch v q wmk`vi mv ne BwÄwbqvi Kwei K e jb, Ô wjø gv ib Avwg iõ AviI wkqz K_v e j Dwb Awdm Kÿ _ K ewi q Av mb Gw wkdwuf BwÄwbqvi welqwu wb q ivrkvnx Avwg i Rvbvj nw KvqvU v i Awf hvm K ib Rvbvj Avwg i nw KvqvU vi _ K wmk`vi mv ne K gvk vj-j- Kv U Dcw Z niqvi Rb mgb Rvwi K i gvk vj-j- KvU KZ K RvwiK Z mgbwu c q wmk`vi mv ne Zuvi cwiwpz gri Rbv ij wmwïkx K Uwj dvb Kivi Rb D` Z nb H gyn~ Z wmk`vi mv n ei

103 102 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z x g bvqviv wmk`vi e jb, ÔKv K Uwj dvb Ki Z Pv QÕ wmk`vi mv ne e jb, Ô gri Rbv ij wmwïkx KÕ ZLb wmk`vi mv n ei x e jb, ÔGme gri Rbv ij w` q KvR n e bv Zzwg Zvgvi gri Rbv ij `i Kv Q e jvõ wmk`vi mv ne e jb, ÔAvgvi gri Rbv ij Avevi KvivÕ? ZLb x g bvqviv wmk`vi e jb, Ô Kb Zvgvi Ava vwz K cxiivb Zv Zvgvi gri Rbv ijõ wmk`vi mv ne wkqzuv wpšív K i wvk Ki jb, wzwb welqwui Rb ivrkvnxi Iwj kvn& gl`y gi gvrv i hv eb m gvzv ek wmk`vi mv ne nvwrivi Av Mi w`b mü vq ivrkvnxi Iqvc`vi WvKevs jvq iæg wb q _vkv kyiæ K ib Zuvi H Kv R ivrkvnxi cöwzwbwa iæ g Nywg q co j wmk`vi mv ne Mfxi iv Z kvn& gl`y gi gvrv i GKv P j hvb cöpð gkvi Kvgo D cÿv K i mlv b dr ii bvgvr ch ší Ae vb K ib kvn& gl`y gi gvrv i e m Avjøvn&i Kv Q mvnvh Pvb mvnvh P q bvgvr c o gvbvrvz K i Iqvc`vi WvKevs jv Z wd i Av mb mkvj 10Uvq Zuvi cöwzwbwamn gvk vj-j- Kv U hvb Ges wzwb Kv U nvwriv `b KvU _ K Zv K Kv U i cöavb K b j GgG AvwR Ri Avmv ch ší A cÿv Ki Z ejv n jv ejv wzbuvi w` K K b j nvdc v U, MwÄ I cv q KWm& c i wmk`vi mv n ei mvg b G m bvg wr M m K i em Z ej jb Gic i K b j BwÄwbqv ii KvQ _ K Awf hvm m ^ Ü Rvb Z Pvb, wzwb wk mwz B wgwjuvwi `i Mvwj w` qwq jb? G ch v q wmk`vi mv ne e jb, Ôg~j UÛv ii KvR m úbœ Kiv QvovI AwZwi³ wkqz KvR gšwlkfv e `i dqmvjv bv K i BwÄwbqvi Avgv K w` q Kwi q Qb Avwg hlb Zvi Kv Q Avgvi meikg cvibv cwi kv ai Rb ewj, ZLb BwÄwbqvi mv ne UvKv cwi kva bv K ib Avgv K wgwjuvwii fq `Lvb G K Zv Avwg K qkw`b Av M mvgwik

104 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 103 evwnbx KZ K webv Aciv a MÖdZvi n q ekmyi Lvjvm c qwq Aciw` K BwÄwbqvi Avwg i K_v ej ZB Avwg D ËwRZ n q wkqz K_v e jwq ZvQvov BwÄwbqvi GKRb Nyl Lvi e w³ Avcwb Ab K Uªv±i `i m ½ Avjvc K i Rvb Z cvi eb m wk cwigvy Nyl LviÕ K b j AvwRR ZvrÿwYKfv e BwÄwbqvi K Uwj dvb Ki j Awdm _ K Rvbv bv n jv, wzwb Awd mi Kv R XvKvq M Qb K b j mv ne Rqbyj nk wmk`vi K P j h Z ej jb welqwu wzwb c i `L eb e j Rvbv jb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi XvKv P j Avm jb Gi wkqzw`b ci BwÄwbqvi mv ne wmk`vi mv ne K cvibv UvKvi PK ivrkvnx Z G m MÖnY Ki Z ej jb wmk`vi mv ne Zv K Rvbv jb h Avgvi ivrkvnxi Kv Ri cöwzwbwai Kv Q PK n ÍvšÍi K ib Gi K qkw`b ci ivrkvnx Rvbvj mvgwik cökvmb K b j AvwRR wmk`vi mv ne K Uwj d b Aby iva K i e jb ÔAvcwb GKevi ivrkvnx Z G m `Lv K ibõ Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv ne ivrkvnx Z K b j mv n ei Awd m M j BwÄwbqvi Kwei K K b j Gg G AvwRR e jb, ÔAvwg Dbv K mw`b 3Uv ch ší bv L q ewm q i LwQjvg Dbvi cvwbk g U Zv n q QÕ wmk`vi mv ne ZLb n m w` q K b j mv ne K ej jb, ÔZvn j wk Avcwb Avgv K B QvK Zfv e bv LvB q i LwQ jbõ ZLb K b j mv nei n m w` q ej jb, Ônü võ wmk`vi mv ne K b j mv ne K ej jb, ÔRv bb, Avcwb GLb Kvb RvqMvq Av QbÕ? K b j mv ne e jb, Ô Kb, Avwg Zv GLb ivrkvnx Z AvwQÕ wmk`vi mv ne e jb, Ôbv, Avcwb GLb kvn& gl`y gi GjvKvq Av Qb GUv kvn& gl`y gi GjvKvÕ Gici K b j mv ne BwÄwbqvi K ej jb, ÔAvcwb Ibv K Ibvi Kv Ri cvibv bv w` q Nywi q Qb, Gi KviY Kx? Avcwb wk Nyl LvbÕ? BwÄwbqvi mv ne ej jb, Ôbv, Avwg Nyl LvB bvõ

105 104 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z ZLb wmk`vi mv ne ej jb, ÔAvcwb cö qvrb ev a Ab wvkv`vi `i Kv Q Rvb Z cv ibõ K b j mv ne Avevi wr M m Ki jb, ÔmwZ wk Avcwb Nyl LvbÕ? BwÄwbqvi e jb, ÔAí Aí LvBÕ Gi wkqzw`b ci, ivrkvnx Z GKUv Kz nq Zvici K b j mv n ei PvKwi P j hvq GLv b D jøl, ivrkvnx Avwg i Rvbvj nw KvqvU v ii wiqvr bv g GK K v Þb wmk`vi mv ne K gvk vj-j- KvU wel q wewfbœfv e DcKvi K iwq jb `Lv hvq, H Kz -i mgq K v Þb wiqvr QywU Z wq jb, hvi Kvi Y Zvi Kv bv ÿwz nqwb evsjv ` k Av ikrb Ava vwz K mywd Lvb evnv`yi Avnmvb Djøvn&i cöwmw evsjv `kmn fvi Zi Ab vb v bi ag cövy gymjgvb `i g a e vc Z GB Ava vwz K Iwji gvrviwu mvzÿxiv Rjvq Aew Z wmk`vi mv ne GLv b Kg n ji 25 evi wrqvi Zi D Ï k wm qwq jb Zuvi cö_g hviqv wb q GKUv A jšwkk Kvwnbx N U hvq welqwu wqj G ikg : wzwb XvKv _ K Lyjbv n q mvzÿxiv hviqvi c _ cö_g hlb Rvb Z cv ib, mydx Avnmvb Djøvn Lvbevnv`yi DcvwacÖvß wq jb welqwu Zuvi Kv Q fv jv jv Mwb KviY, QvU ejv _ KB wmk`vi mv ne weªwukwe ivax g bvfvevcbœ e w³ wq jb ZvB ivqevnv`yi, ivqmv ne, Lvbevnv`yi, Lvbmv ne ZKgvavix e w³ `i AcQ ` Ki Zb KviY, Giv wqj weªwuk mikv ii mn hvmx I `vjvj köwyi e w³ ZvB mvzÿxiv gvrv ii KvQvKvwQ cuš QI wmk`vi mv ne Mvwo wdwi q P j Av mb wd i Avmvi ci wzwb Rvb Z cvi jb, mywd Avnmvb Djøvn& Lvbevnv`yi Dcvwa c qwq jb weªwuk mikv ii mn hvmx wn m e bq, c qwq jb Ibvi we` v, Ávb I cöávi Kvi Y ZvB wzwb Avevi gvrv ii D Ï k iibv nb gvrvi GjvKvq cuš Q wmk`vi mv ne cykzinv U Mvmj Ki Z hvb Mvmj Kiv Ae vq wmk`vi mv n ei cöpð ÿzav Abyf~Z nw Qj g b g b wpšív KiwQ jb h Avkcv ki Kv bv Lvevi `vkv b weivwb cviqv hv e wk bv? wmk`vi mv ne Av M _ KB wewiqvwb cq ` Ki Zb Mvmj k l hlb gvrv ii mwbœk U cušq jb, ZLb gvrv ii

106 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 105 cöavb Lv `g wmk`vi mv ne K W K Zvi K ÿ wb q emvb ZLb wmk`vi mv ne K Avc vqb Kivi Rb Mig wewiqvwb cwi ekb Ki jb hw`i Lv `g mv ne Hw`b wb R bdj ivrv cvjb KiwQ jb wewiqvwb LvIqvi B Qv A jšwkkfv e c~iy niqvq wmk`vi mv n ei GB IwjigvRv ii cöwz AwaK AvKl Y m wó nq Gici Kg n ji wzwb 25 evi GB gvrvi wrqviz K i Qb A jšwkk kw³i mnvqzv wmk`vi mv ne Rvbvb, ÔAvwg Avgvi Rxe b Pjvi c _ QvÎRxeb _ K AvR ch ší hlb Kv bv Avw_ K msk Ui gy LvgywL n qwq, ZLbB GKUv A jšwkk kw³i Kvi Y Avgvi mb msku K U M Q QvÎRxe b Avmv gi wejvmxcvov _vkve vq eªþcy Îi cv o cöwzw`b we K j gv Vi cv k GK UvKvi ev`vg (ZLb GK UvKvi A bk g~j, GK UvKvq 40 mi Pvj cviqv hz) wk b mk ji Rb Db y³ K i ivlzvg mkj eq mi, mkj a g i jvk Avgvi ev`v gi Szwo _ K ev`vg wbz Ges Zviv RybyfvB K mvjvg-av`ve-bg vi e j ab ev` RvbvZ G Z Avwg Avbw `Z nzvg GKw`b Avgvi evev evwo Z wq jb bv Avgvi Kv Q UvKvI wqj bv Avwg UvKvi Rb wpwšíz n q e m e m wewfbœ ebcî `LwQjvg Ggb mgq GKwU M íi eb qi cvzv Dëv ZB eb qi cvzvi duvk _ K wzbwu bzzb GK UvKvi PKP K bvu Avgvi Uwe ji Dci G m coj Avwg UvKvi cök Z gvwjk LuvRvi Póv Kijvg Kv bvfv eb UvKvi gvwjk K Luy R cviqv Mj bv ZvB h_vixwz G UvKv wb q ev`vg wkb Z ewi q Mjvg evsjv ` ki ivóªcwz RvwZi wczv e½eüz kl gywreyi ingv bi nz vkv Ði cöwz kva biqvi j ÿ Avgvi Q j gäy K cvbju Uªwbs qi Rb Av gwikvq fwz Kwi q `B cvbj Ui Uªwbs biqv Ae vq Av gwikv _ K Q j gbry Uwj dvb K i Avgv K 50 nvrvi UvKv cvvv Z e j ZLb Wjv ii g~j wqj 12 UvKv Kv Ri Pv c gbryi Rb UvKv cvvv bvi K_v Avwg fz j wm qwqjvg G w` K Avgvi

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115 114 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z QvÎx `i nv j, b vkbvj e vs Ki AvÂwjK Awdm wewfbœ Kvh µg hv PvPv bxi e wbf Z K i hv Qb Kvb cöpvi cöcvmvûv bvb A_P me wkqz wk my `i mvejxjfv e n q hv Q Zvn j wk H f`ª jvk hv K PvPvI ej Qb wzwb wq jb QÙ e k GKRb Awj Zvn j mb Awji K_v g ZvB Avjøvn&i wb ` k Avjøvn&i wcöqfvrb wmk`vi mv ne mlv b Av jv dzuv Qb nvq i Avgiv gy L i `j PvPvi L q c ii PvPv K wpb Z cvwi bv Avgvi e w³mz Rxe bi `ybwu NUbv PvPvi AbygwZµ g web qi m ½ cökvk Ki Z PvB 2010 mv ji A ±ve ii 6 ZvwiL mü vq PvPv Avgv K Dbvi Awd m W K c ii w`b 7 ZvwiL fvi ejv wm j U nhiz kvn Rvjvj (iv.) gvrv i h Z ej jb Dbvi wb ` k gvzv ek Kvgiæj mv ne K wb q fvi QqUvq Avgvi K v Ub g Ui evmv _ K cöpû e wói g a ei n q hvb mkvj 9Uvi w` K PvPv dvb K i Avgv `i Lei wb jb Ges iv Ívq Avjøvn& K iy K i `vqv `yiæ` co Z ej jb Avgiv ZLb AvïMÄ cvi n q MwQ PvPvi Uwj dvb ivlvi m ½ m ½ evmv _ K Avgvi WªvBfvi dvb K i Kuv` Z Kuv` Z Rvbv jv Avgvi evmvq `y ZKvixiv Xz K mevb K G jvcv_vwo Kvcv Q Ges Avgvi x KI Kzwc q fxly AvnZ K i Q Ges cöpzi i³ÿ Yi d j Avgvi xi Ae v ZLb LyeB iæzi m ½ m ½ PvPv K dvb e vk Kijvg Ges PvPv me ï b Avgv K mvší bv w` q ej jb h Kv R hv Q mb Kv R P j hvi PvPvi K_v ï b Avwg wm j U P j Mjvg Uwj dv b K_v e j XvKv wm Gg GB P Avgvi xi wpwkrmvi e e v Kivjvg c i A bk evi wpšív K iwq, PvPvi K_v ï b wk Avwg fzj K iwqjvg wkš `Ljvg hw` PvPvi K_v ï b GK mü vi bvwu k 7 ZvwiL wm ju bv hzvg Zvn j nq Zv Avwg mš vmx `i nv Z wbnz n Z cvizvg A_ev mš vmx `i nz v Ki Z cvizvg Dfq Ae v ZB AvgviB ÿwz n Zv Ges mikvi Gi my hvm wb Zv Ges Avgv K wec ` d j w` Z cvi Zv Avevi NUbv N U hviqvi c i PvPvi K_vg Zv wm j U bv wm q hw` evmvq wd i hzvg Zvn j Avwg Lyb Lvivwc Z Rwo q hzvg, hvi LmviZ Avgv KB w` Z n Zv Kv RB Avgvi ` p wek vm PvPvi wm vší GKkZ fvm mwvk wqj

116 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 115 Ges Avgvi Rb Aek Zv g½jgq wqj Ggb Av ikwu NUbv N UwQ jv 2013 mv j ZLb PvPvi wbgzjv cö R ± Avwg mve ÿwyk KvR KiwQjvg GKw`b mü vq PvPv K bv Rvwb q Avwg Avgvi MÖv gi evwo wk kvim Ä P j wm qwqjvg Avgvi 12 eqi eqm _ K MZ 54 eqi ` k we ` k iv Z weiv Z cöpzi ågy K iwq cvnvo-ce Z, `ym g iv Ív ZI w` b iv Z ågy K iwq GKbvMv o 72 N Uv åg YiI AwfÁZv Rxe b n q Q GB mkj åg Y wb RI Mvwo Pvwj qwq, eüz evüeiv Pvwj q Q Ges Ab WªvBfvi Zv Pvwj q QB wkš cig KiYvgq Avjøvn&Zvqjvi Amxg `qvq H mkj åg Y AvR ch ší Zgb Kv bv `yn Ubv nq bvb A_P mw`b iv Z PvPv K bv e j hviqvi Kvi Y mviv c_ cvi n q wm q wvk Avgvi MÖv gi evwoi mvg bi cykz ii g a co Z wm q Mvwo Mv Qi m ½ av v Lvq Ges mb `yn Ubvq Avgvi mviv gyl _ vz j hvq Ges mvg bi cvwui PviUv `uvz Dc o c o hvq hw` Mv Qi m ½ av v bv jvm Zv Zvn j cykz ii 10 dyu cvwbi wb P Zwj q hzvg Ges c ii w`b mkv j Mvwo _ K Avgvi I WªvBfv ii g Z `n ei K i Avb Z n Zv Zvic ii Avgiv PvPv K wpb Z cvijvg bv KZ nzfvmv Avgiv PvPv `qv K i Avcwb Avgv `i gvd K ib gvbezvev`x gnvcyiæl K hgb ` LwQ b vkbvj e vsk wjwg UW Gi AwZwi³ e e vcbv cwipvjk gvt ew`dj Avjg Rbve Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei A jšwkkzv m ^ Ü GK wbe Ü Rvbvb, Ôb kbvj e vsk wj. Gi Pqvig vb me Rb kö q Rbve Rqbyj nk wmk`vi g nv`q K hgb ` LwQ ZgbUv m ú~y fv e e ³ Kiv GB ÿỳ ª cwim i m e bq wzwb Ggb GKRb e w³z whwb gvbezvi Ges D`viZvi GK g~z cözxk Dbv K hzevi `wl ZZevi Dbvi wfzi bzzb wkqz Avkv-DÏxcbv Avwe vi Kwi Avwg AevK n q fvwe, GKRb gvbyl GZUv D`vi nq Kxfv e A bk mgq Zvi mvg b wkqz ej Z wm q web Í K_vgvjv K G jv g jv K i d jwq, hv e jwq Zv bq, eis hv ej Z wm q ej Z cvwiwb ZvB wzwb ey S

117 116 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z wb q Qb wzwb Ávb, cöáv, AwfÁZv, `~i`wk Zv, D`viZv I gvbezvi g½jkvix wzwb Avgv `i ^cœ `Lvevi cöiyv`vqk Abyf wz Avgvi wek vm Zuvi úk c j GKRb LywbI AKc U ^xkvi K i b e Zvi Ly bi `vqfvi wzwb RvZxq köô mšívb, exi gyw³ hv v, Avgv `i c_ cö`k K Ges AwffveK GKevi Rbve Rqbyj nk wmk`vi m vi e vs Ki cwipvjbv cl `i mfv Dcj ÿ PÆMÖvg kn ii nv Uj AvMÖvev ` Ae vb KiwQ jb mfvi KvR kl nevi ci Avgiv m v ii mv _ `Lv Ki Z hvb Avgiv m v ii ÁvbMf Avjvc-Av jvpbv ï b hvw Qjvg GK ch v q wzwb mevi LuvR Lei wb jb we klzt wcqb, `v ivqvb, WªvBfvi `i K_v, Giv L q Q wkbv ZLb ivz, wzwb wb ` k w` jb mkj Kg Pvix I wbe vnx `i LvIqvi e e v Ki Z gvu 65 Rb K nv Uj i z i U LvIqv bv n jv nv Uj we ji m ú~y UvKv wzwb wb Ri c KU _ K cwi kva K ib GKRb WªvBfvi nvd-gvd K i Ku ` dj jb wzwb ej jb, GZ eqi PvKwi K iwq, nv Uj AvMÖvev `i wfz i XvKvi wksev `Lvi mšfvm nq bvb nv Uj i z i U G m LvIqvi my hvm nq bvb AvR m v ii e `Šj Z muv m e n jv wzwb gnvb Avjøvn& Zvqvjvi wbku m v ii Rb `vqv Ki jb c ii w`b wmk`vi m vi AvMÖvev `i wm½vcyi gv K U hvb mlv b cö Z K WªvBfvi K 500 UvKv K i ekwkm w` jb Gfv eb wzwb Mixe `wi`ª RbmvaviY `i memgq mvnvh mn hvwmzv w` q _v Kb cök Zc ÿ wzwb GKRb Rb`i`x, Mixe `i`x, gvbezvev`x gnvcyiæl Av ikevi b vkbvj e vsk wjwg UW-Gi Pqvig vb Rbve Rqbyj nk wmk`vi PÆMÖvg md i Av mb Avgiv A b KB m v ii mv _ wqjvg wzwb mkv ji w` K Zuvi cwbbmyjv nv Uj mÿ U _ K evqvjlvjxi Avjøvn&i `ievi kix d hvb mlv b nhiz Avey gvkviig gvnv ` byiæj Bmjvg (i.) Gi gvrvi wrqviz K ib Gici P j Av mb PÆMÖvg kn ii jvjlvb evrvi wb Ri ev bi evmfe b Amȳ evb K ` L wzwb AkÖæ mseiy Ki Z cv ib bvb ev bi Rb GK Kb UBbvi cweî RgR gi cvwbi wb q wm qwq jb ek wkqzÿy ev bi cv k wq jb

118 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 117 Ges mevi mvg b ev bi A bk jv wzpviy K ib mü vq Pqvig vb m vi e vs Ki cwipvjk Rbve Lwjjyi ingvb mv n ei g qi we qi Abyôv b hvm`vb K ib wkš mlv b hviqvgvî wzwb P j Avm Z D` Z nb Rbve Lwjjyi ingvb mv ne Dbv K Lvevi L q Avm Z evisevi Aby iva K ib ZLb Pqvig vb m vi e jb, Abyôv b K qkrb wezwk Z e w³ G m Qb, Zv `i mv _ `Lv n j wzwb wb R K mvgjv Z cvi eb bv, wkqz GKUv e j em eb, ZvB, wzwb bv L q P j hv Qb GZ úó K_v ejvi mvnm wøzxq Avi Kv iv Av Q wkbv Avgvi Rvbv bb Dc iv³ weev ni Abyôvb _ K Pqvig vb m vi PÆMÖvg kn ii nhiz kvn& AvgvbZ (i.) Gi gvrvi kix d hvb gvrvi kix di MBU w` q XzK ZB Wvb cv k GKUv GwZgLvbv Av Q wzwb mlv b wkqz `vb-lqivz Ki jb GwZgLvbvi ûryi `vqv Kivi mgq Pqvig vb m vi ej jb, Avgvi Rb nvqvz Ges ab `Šj Zi Kvb `vqv Ki eb bv, Avgvi Rb `vqv Ki eb hv Z Avwg Av iv ewk ewk K i gvby li DcKvi Ki Z cvwi, mev Ki Z cvwi Zvici gvrvi kixd wrqviz Ki jb wrqvi Zi ci wfzievwo _ K Avbœx wewiqvbxi ZveviK `Iqv n jv Avmvi mgq GKUv RxweZ gvimi `Iqv nq hv c ii w`b ivbœv K i mevb K LvIqv bv n q Q Zvici nhiz ev qrx` ev Ívgx (i.) Gi gvrvi kixd wrqviz K ib mlvb _ K wzwb nhiz Mixeyjøvn kvn (i:) Gi gvrvi kix d Av mb Ges cig fw³ I kö vi mv _ RqviZ m ú~y K ib ZLb ivz cövq Uv kxzkvj AZ vwak VvÛv Ges Nb Kzqvkv Kzqvkvi Rb Mvwo Pvjv bvb ek SuywKc~Y wqj wkš Pqvig vb g nv`q ej jb, wzwb nhiz gvn Qb AvDwjqv (i.) Gi `imvq hv eb hv Av bvqviv Dc Rjvq Aew Z PÆMÖvg kni n Z cövq 35 wk jvwguvi `~ i kxz I Kzqvkvi Kvi Y Avgiv GKUz BZ Z: KiwQjvg G Z Pqvig vb m vi ej jb, Zvgiv _v Kv, Avwg Mjvg GB e j Pqvig vb m vi Mvwo Z D V M jb nhiz gvn Qb AvDwjqvi gvrvi kix di D Ïk m v ii mv _ AvgivI P j Mjvg Kzqvkvi Pv` i XvKv Svcmv mok cvwo w` q

119 118 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z wrqvi Zi ci e vs Ki ZrKvwjb e e vcbv cwipvj Ki Pÿz ivm wbivg qi Rb gvrvi kixd _ K `vqvcov cvwbi evzj wb Z wb ` k w` jb gvrvi kixd _ K hlb ei n jb ZLb ivz cövq 1.15 wg. mlv b MB Ui m y L cvk ez x gmwr `i Bgvg mv n ei mv _ `Lv nq m vi Bgvg mv ne K wkqz UvKv w` jb Bgvg mv ne ej jb, gmwr `i wkqz wbg vy KvR evwk Av Q Avcwb GLv b kwik n Z cv ib m vi ej jb, KvRUv m úbœ Ki Z KZ UvKv `ikvi Bgvg mv ne ej jb 5/6 jvl UvKv cö qvrb ZLb m vi wb Ri dvû _ K 6 jÿ UvKvi Abỳ vb w` Z m wz Ávcb K ib Ges c ii w`b GB UvKvUv gvrvi KwgwUi wbku cvwv q `Iqv nq hv ndk ivz cövq 1.30 wg. mgq Avgiv nhiz gvn Qb AvDwjqvi gvrvi kixd n Z iibv njvg Avjøvn&i Amxg ing Z cövq 15 wgwb Ui g a Avgiv PÆMÖvg kn i P j Avmjvg A_P ^vfvwek Ae vq GB c_ AwZµg K i Avm Z GK _ K mvqv 1 N Uv mgq `ikvi Avmvi c _ GZ Mfxi iv ZI Avi Kv bv Kzqvkv `Lv Mjbv, cwi vi iv Ív, ej Z M j GK wbwg lb GZ `xn c_ AwZµg K i P j Avmv AevK jvmvi K_v e U nv Uj cwbbmjvq hlb Avwm ZLb ivz cövq 2.00 Uv gš x BwÄwbqvi gvkviid nv mb m vi K Af _ bv Rvbv jb Pqvig vb m vi wb ` k w` jb WªvBfvi, `v ivqvb, wcqbmn mevi Rb Lvevi e e v Ki Z nv Uj KZ cÿ KZ K 10/15 R bi Lvevi cwi ekb Kiv nq Pqvig vb m v ii cöwzwu K_v I KvR Zuvi gvbezvev`x g bvfv ei cwipvqk hv ÿî we k l GK Hk wik Ae`v bi Bw½Z enb K i Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii Rxe bi Ava vwz K K_vi m~î cviqv hvq Zuvi gv qi w`k _ K Zuvi bvwb kvi bb bqv wq jb my ik i cxi Rvb kwid gvijvbvi evb bvwbi ev ci bvg wqj nhiz kvn& mywd g ni Djøvn& (i.) bvwb kvi bb bqvi Kei n qwqj my ik i `ievi kwi di mwbœk U wmk`vi mv ne GLv b bvwbi bv g GKwU gmwr` wbg vy K i Qb bvwbi Kei I gmwr` wbg vy

120 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 119 wmk`vi mv ne cwievimn Av gwikv wm q emevm Kivi mgq GKw`b fvi Zi Awf bzv mvjgvb Lvb wmk`vi mv n ei evmvq G m Zv K GKUv mvs wzk Abyôv bi `viqvz w` q e jb, ÔAv ¼j, Avgiv Avcbv K Ges Avcbvi cwiev ii m`m `i Avgv `i mvs wzk Abyôv b hvm`v bi Rb mvzuv cvm w` q Mjvg Avcwb Avcbvi cwiev ii mevb K wb q Abyôv b hvm`vb Ki ebõ wmk`vi mv ne mvjgvb Lv bi `viqvz ivl jb I Abyôv b hvm`vb Kivi Rb mvzuv cvm MÖnY Ki jb wkš wekvj ejv wmk`vi mv ne bv hviqvi B QvcÖKvk K i Zuvi x Q j g qmn mkj K mvjgvb Lv bi Abyôv b h Z e jb Abyôv b hviqvi Av M wmk`vi mv n ei g q K qk NÈvi g a Zvi ^vgx K dvb K i Ab U A vwi Rvbv _ K G b wmk`vi mv n ei Kv Q i L cwiev ii Ab mkj m`m mn Abyôv b hvm w` Z hvb D jøl, Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei gs Q j wbk nk wmk`vi fvi Zi Awf bzv `i m ½ eüzz c~y m úk M o Zv jb jm A v Ä j m _vkv Ae vq mb myev ` Awf bzv mvjgvb Lvb, kvniæl Lvb, mybxj ` Ëi Q j mäq `Ëmn A bk Awf bzv-awf bîx Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii evmvq wbqwgz eov Z AvmZ mb myev ` cvwievwikfv e G `i m ½ m úk nq GgbwK mybxj ` Ëi m ½I Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii Nwbô m úk M o I V cwiev ii m`m iv Abyôv b hvm`vb Ki Z P j M jb wmk`vi mv ne Abyôv b bv wm q Zuvi evmvi iæ g hlv b Zuvi gv qi Qwe Uvbv bv wqj, mlv b M jb wzwb gv qi Qwei w` K ZvwK q ib jb Qwei w` K ZvwK q g b g b e jb, Ôgv Zzwg hlv b QvU ejvq nuvuvnuvwu K iq, hlv bi gvwu Z cv i L Zzwg eo n qq mlv b Avwg GKUv gmwr` wbg vy K i `eõ Abyôvb _ K wd i G m ciw`b mkv j wmk`vi mv n ei g q e jb, ÔAveŸv, Avgiv fv jv GKUv Abyôvb ` LwQ, Zzwg M j bvõ ZLb wmk`vi mv ne e jb, Ô Zvgiv fv jv KvR K iq, AvwgI evmvq fv jv GKUv wpšív K iwqõ

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128 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 127 GKwU juvi nw c vw wb q wbr nv Z Av e`bcî jlv wmk`vi mv n ei mb wb q P j hvb ciw`b we K j AvRnvi DwÏb Avevi G m Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii bv g cö_g köwyi wvkv`vwi jvb mýwu Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii nv Z `b Gici _ K AvRnvi DwÏb mv ne wb R _ K wewfbœ mg q KvR w` q H KvR Kivi Rb mg Í e e v Ki Z _v Kb Aímg qi g a ` ki A bk v b BgviZ I weªr wbg vy K i KbUªv±i wn m e mybvg AR b K ib Rqbyj nk wmk`vi wewfbœ KvR Kivi gva g ZrKv j cöwm KbUªv±i `i ch v q cuš Q hvb d j ga cöv P ( ) I wek e vs Ki (1970) KvR Kivi cövk& hvm Zv AR b K ib wmk`vi mv n ei e w³mz e emvq cöpzi jvf Avm Z _vkvq 1970 mv j wbe vp bi c~ e iv qi evrvi GjvKvq K qkkz wenv Rwg µq K ib cvwk Ívb Avg j hlv b evovwj `i g a Mvwo gvwj Ki msl v bnv qz Aí wqj m mg q wmk`vi mv n ei wb Ri e w³mz I cwiev ii e env ii Rb 4wU Mvwo wqj GQvov GKwU Mvwo åvzz úyî irv K mve ÿwyk e env ii Rb w` qwq jb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Zuvi Rxe bi A jšwkk mvnvh m ^ Ü e jb, ÔAvwg g b g b GKRb Gw guvi ev Ifviwmqv ii mvnvh wbe e j fvewqjvg; wkš gnvb Avjøvn&Zvjv Avgv K mvnvh Kivi Rb GKRb Gw wkdwuf BwÄwbqvi Avgvi wbku cvwv q w` jbõ Zuvi e emv Z GZB mdjzv Av m h, e½eüz kl gywreyi ingvb lv Ui `k Ki gvsvgvws mg q Zuvi fvwmbv kl drjyj nk gwy K wmk`vi mv n ei fvwzrv Gg G irvi m ½ e emv Ki Z e jwq jb wzwb wbr nv Z e emv cöwzôv bi bvg wj L w` qwq jb Ô kl A vû wmk`vi Kv úvwbõ D jøl, kl gywre K Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv ne cö_g ` Lb 1945 mv ji g gv m cvov`n Rsk b i ji Kvgivq, Ges 1950 mv j AvIqvgx jxm bzv AvZvDi ingvb Lv bi evmvq cö_g mvÿvr nq `kgvz Kvi fv jvevmvi ÿ Î `yõr bi GKB ai bi wpšívaviv _

129 128 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z vkvq Zuv `i gv S Nwbó m úk m wó nq G welqwu ciez x Z we ÍvwiZ Av jvpbvq G bwq B Ëdv Ki cökvkbv eü, evsjvi evyx cökvk I cövmw½k K_v 1966 mv j 6 `dv `Iqvi ci B ËdvK cwîkvq 6 `dvi mg_ b wewfbœ msev` I cöwz e`b cökvk niqvq cöwm W U AvBqye Lvb wb qvmk Z Mfb i gvbv qg Lvb ˆ`wbK B Ëdv Ki cökvkbv eü K i `q mb mgq GKw`b m Uªvj R j cö e ki Av Mi gyn~ Z kl gywreyi ingvb wmk`vi mv n ei Kv b Kv b e jwq jb Iiv Zv ˆ`wbK B ËdvK cwîkvi cökvkbv eü K i w`j 6 `dv I AvIqvgx jx Mi c ÿ K_v ejvi Avi Kv bv KvMR ibj bv Avwg gwy K GKUv ccvi ei Ki Z e jwq m nvu Lvjvq nv Uj Bwjwkqv gi Kv Q GKwU wu bi Pvjvi Ni fvov wb q evsjvi evyx cökvk Ki Z hv Q (D jøl, nv Uj BwjwkqvgwU ˆZwi K iwq jb gymwjg jxm bzv KvRx Kv `i ez gv b GwU mikvwi Kg KZ v `i evm vb) Avcwb GKUz I K `L eb ciez xkv j evsjvi evyx cökvk Ki Z h A_ e q n qwqj Zvi GKUv eo Ask wmk`vi mv ne enb K iwq jb D jøl, Gi Av M kl gywreyi ingv bi cö Ívebvq Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei fvwzrv Gg G irv I kl drjyj nk gwy hš_fv e e emv ïiæ K iwq jb hv B Zvc~ e D jøl Kiv n q Q kl drjyj nk gwyi ivr bwzk wpšív- PZbv m ^ Ü wmk`vi mv ne gšíe K ib h, kl gwy e½eüzi g ZvB wb ew`zcövy ivr bwzk e w³z wq jb m Ab vq K cököq w`z bv e emv ev m ú `i cöwz Zvi m ikg AvMÖn Avwg `wlwb eiâ ivr bwzk wpšív- PZbvB wqj Zvi g~j D Ïk, hw`i hš_ e emvq Zvi cöpzi A_ AR bi my hvm wqj m mg q kl cwiev ii Av ik m`m e½eüzi Kb v evsjv ` ki cöavbgš x kl nvwmbv m ú K Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e jb, Avwg GKevi Zuvi m ½ `Lv Ki Z M j wzwb Avgv K D Ï k K i ej jb, ÔPvPv Avcwb Zv

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131 130 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z wpwv c o irv H wzbrb K úófv e e j `q Avgiv kl gywr ei ivr bwzk `j Kwi Kv bv wkqzi wewbg q Avgiv m `j Z vm Ki Z cvwibv gvbv qg Lvb irvi g bvfve cwiez b e _ n q irvi wczvi wbku GB wzb Awdmvi K KvwZ Kcyi cvvvb Zviv irvi wczv K XvKv wb q Av mb irvi wczv gcbyj nk wmk`vi gvbv qg Lv bi m ½ Gg G irv mvÿv Zi mgq gvbv qg Lv bi Aby iv a irvi Kv Q Mfb ii cö Íve wb q hvb G ÿ ÎI Gg G irv AZ ší ` pzvi m ½ Mfb i gvbv qg Lv bi cö Íve K cöz vl vb K ib Ges Zvi wczv K e j `b, Avcwb G ai bi cö Íve wb q Avm eb bv ivdû Uwej Kbdv i Ý evovwj we ivax Kv Ri Rb brv g Bmjvg cvwu i gvngy` Avjx K a i Avbv AvBqye Lv bi m ½ ivdû Uwej Kidv i Ýi mgq brv g Bmjvg cvwu i gvngỳ Avjxmn K qkrb ivr bwzk bzv evsjvi ^v_ we ivax f wgkv biqvq e½eüz XvKvq G m dvb K i gvngỳ Avjx K W K Avbvi Rb wmk`vi mv ne K ej jb m mgq gvngỳ Avjx avbgwûi 28bs iv Wi 4bs evwo Z _vk Zb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi KjvevMv bi ivry, iv qi evrv ii bvwmiæjøvn I fvwzrv Gg G irvmn Rb jvk wb q gvngỳ Avjx evwoi mvg b R ov nb Gw` K evwoi mvg b A bk jvk ` L gvngỳ Avjxi evwoi fzi _ K Uwj dvb K i B cvwk Ívb ivb djm K Rvbv j mlvb _ K GK UªvK BwcAvi evwnbxi Rvqvb evwoi Kv Q G m cušqvq wmk`vi mv ne ZLb mg~n wec `i Avk¼v ` L EPR-Gi gri K

132 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 131 D` y Z eyws q `b, Iiv AvIqvgx jx Mi jvk Iiv I `i bzvi m ½ `Lv Ki Z G m Q Zvgiv ILv b M j Mvjgvj m wó n e, Zv Z Zvgv `ib mgm v n e Zvgiv GLvb _ K P j hvi h nzz wzwb GK mgq EPR-Gi m`m wq jb Ges D` y Z Zv `i eyws q ej Z cvi jb, m nzz Zuvi K_v wek vm Kij Rvqvbiv mlvb _ K Zviv P j Mj Zvici gvngỳ Avjx K a i Avbv nj gvngỳ Avjx K a i avbgwû e½eüzi evwoi mvg b hlb Avbv nj, ZLb GKUv mvs wzk Abyôvb PjwQj mb mvs wzk Abyôv bi jvk `i Dcw wz Z gvngỳ Avjx K evsjv `k I e½eüzi weiæ bv hviqvi A½xKvibvgvq wjwlz ^vÿi Kwi q Zv K evmvq cušwq q `Iqv nq e½eüzi m ½ NwbôZvi K_v QvÎRxeb _ K `kvz ev ai gvbwmkzv Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii Pwi Î A¼zwiZ nq ciez xkv j gnxiæn n q Zv wekwkz n Z _v K ZvB gymjgvb `i Rb ^vaxb f LÐ cvwk Ívb Kv qg niqvi ci fvi Zi Avmv g wczvi weë ef ei msmvi Z vm K i cvwk Ív bi bvmwik niqv K MŠieRbK g b K i XvKvq P j Av mb GK ikg k~b nv Z Rxeb ïiæ K i cöwzôv jv fi m ½ m ½ e½eüz kl gywreyi ingv bi PvwiwÎK Yvewj we kl K i mvnwmkzv, gvbe cög I `kvz eva Zuv K AvK ó K i G wel q evsjv ` ki ^vaxbzv msmöv gi ewjô KÉ, wbf xk gylcî, Bs iwr ˆ`wbK Ô` wccjõ Ges Ôˆ`wbK MYevsjvÕ-i m úv`k, Kwe, K_vwkíx, MxwZKvi I e emvqx Avwe`yi ingvb Zvi iwpz gnvkvwe K Dcb vm Ôbxj KgjÕ MÖ š e½eüz I Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii NwbôZv m ^ Ü ey bv w` q Qb D jøl, 1971 mv ji 25 gv P i Kvjiv Z cvwk Ívb nvbv`vi evwnbx U vsk I MÖ bw w` q weaÿ Í K i `q Ô` wccjõ cwîkvi Awdm gywrebm i evsjv `k mikvi MV bi Aciv a cvwk Ívb nvbv`vi evwnbx ˆmq` briæj Bmjvg, ZvRDÏxb Avng`mn cö_g h cuvprb e w³ K webv Dcw wz Z wepvi K i PŠÏ eqi K i mkög Kviv` Ð `wðz

133 132 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z K iwq jb, Avwe`yi ingvb wq jb Zuv `i GKRb e½eüz I Rqbyj nk m ^ Ü Avwe`yi ingvb Zuvi Ôbxj KgjÕ eb Z D jøl K i Qb: Ôe½eÜzi m ½ G Kev ib bvukxqfv e Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii Rxe bi cö_g mvÿvr N UwQj Zv 1945 mv ji g gv mi K_v Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv ne ijmvwo Z K i hvw Q jb KjKvZvq cvov`n Rskb k b MvwowU ZLb `uvwo qwqj nvvr `Lv Mj, GKRb `xn `nx mỳ k b hyek G m XzKj ijmvwoi mb Kvgivq ci b Zvi mv`v Rvgv, AvwjMo vb ji cvqrvgv Ges cv q Kveywj m v Ûj m ½ wqj AviI K qkrb hyek wmk`v ii g b n jv, GB mỳ k b hyekb GB QvÆ `jwui wjwvi wmk`vi mv ne `L jb, mb mỳ k b hyek ijmvwoi Kvgivq emv cö Z KwU hvîxi gvjcî Zjøvwk Ki Q `L Q, KviI m ½ Kv bv Ôeø vk gv K wusõ-gi gvjvgvj (e½eüz) kl gywreyi ingvb

134 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 133 Av Q wk bv! hlb wmk`vi mv n ei Kv Q G m mb `jwui wjwvi Rvb Z PvBj, ÔZuvi Kv Q Kv bv eø vk gv K wus qi gvj Av Q wk bvõ wmk`vi mv ne ZLb g b g b wkqzuv ÿyä n jb Ges ej jb, Ô ` L g b n Q, Avcwb Zv `v ivmvi bb, cywjki bb Avcwb Kb GUv Rvb Z PvB QbÕ? GB QvÆ `jwui wjwvi ZLb Zvi fvix Mjvq ejj, ÔG ` ki bvmwik wn m e Ôeø vk gv K wusõ eü Kiv Avgvi bvmwik `vwqz Õ wmk`vi n m ej jb, Ôab ev` Avgvi Kv Q eø vk gv K wus qi wkqz bvbõ wkqzÿy ci `Lv Mj, `jwui wjwvi Zvi mnpi wb q D V Mj Mvqvj `gylx GKwU Uª b wmk`v ii Mvwo _vgv Ae v _ K Pj Z jvmj D ëv w` K, KjKvZvi c _ c i H Kvgivq emv GKRb hvîxi KvQ _ K wmk`vi Rvb jb, GB QvU `jwui wjwv ii bvg kl gywreyi ingvb m KjKvZvq cov kvbv K i Ges m GKRb QvÎ bzv wmk`vi mw`b GB mỳ k b hye Ki `kvz eva Kvh Kjvc ` L wew Z n qwq jb mw`b wzwb fve ZI cv ibwb, Rxe b Avevi Kv bvw`b Zuvi m ½ mvÿvr n e 1950 mv j XvKv bmixi mvqvixnv U AvIqvgx jx Mi bzv AvZvDi ingvb Lv bi evmvq wmk`v ii mv _ nvvr `Lv n q Mj mb ZiæY bzvi wmk`vi Zv K iy Kwi q w` jb cvov`n ij k bi mb NUbvwUi K_v ZiæY bzv kl gywreyi ingvb ZLb n m ej jb, Ô ` ki me gvbylb hw` hvi hvi bvmwik `vwqz cvjb K i, Zvn jb Zv ` ki DbœwZ n eõ wmk`vi mw`b AvZvDi ingvb Lv bi evmvq wm qwq jb Zuvi j-bqvi wn m e Zuvi m ½ K_v ejvi R b ˆ`evr `Lv n q Mj cvov`n ij k bi mb AvKw K Ôeø vk gv K wusõ PK Kivi

135 134 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z ^-cö Yvw`Z bvmwik kl gywreyi ingv bi m ½ Zvici _ KB ïiæ nj e½eüz kl gywreyi ingv bi m ½ Zuvi mỳ xn NwbôZvi m úk cö_g Rxeb _ KB `kvz eva Ges RbKj vyki Kv Ri cöwz Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii wqj GKUv mnrvz AvKl Y e w³mz Rxe bi ü`qevb mvnmx jvk wn m e L vwz Av Q Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii m Rb B e½eüzi mvnwmkzv Ges `kvz evak ewjô PwiÎ wmk`vi K AvK ó K iwqj mb mgq cyi bv XvKvB wqj ivr bwzk Kvh Kjv ci g~j Kg ÿî cyi bv XvKvi wel vz m` viiv A b KB wqj gymwjg jx Mi Muvov mg_ K wmk`v ii g b Av Q, gvijvbv fvmvbx, kvgmyj nk Ges Zuv `i mvnwmkzvi K `ªwe `y kl gywreyi ingvb hlb Avigvwb Uvjv gq`v b `jej wb q AvIqvgx jx Mi cvewjk wgwus Ki Z hvb, cyi bv XvKvi cöfvekvjx m` viiv muv cð K i `q wkqzÿy c i, ZiæY bzv kl gywreyi ingvb Ôev`kvÕ bv gi GK ewjô- `nx mvnmx m` vi K m ½ K i AvIqvgx jx Mi `jej Ges bzv `i wb q mvn mi m ½ Avevi G m `uvovb Avigvwb Uvjv gq`v b kl gywreyi ingv bi ` p mskí I mvnm Ges ev`kv m` v ii mvnwmkzvi Rb mv_ Kfv e Avigvwb Uvjvq me cö_g wgwus K i AvIqvgx jxm wmk`vi wb RI mw`b kövzv wn m e Dcw Z wq jb mb wgwus q ciez xkv j kl gywreyi ingv bi D ` v M Ges Zuvi f³ ev`kv m` v ii mn hvwmzvq mỳ p n q DVj cyi bv XvKvq AvIqvgx jx Mi `ym câvk `k Ki klva _ K cwðg XvKvi iv qi evrvi GjvKvq BU Lvjv Ges UªvK w` q gvjvgvj cwienb Kivi e emvq wb qvwrz wq jb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Avi mb mgq _ KB kl gywr ei ewjô bz Z kw³kvjx n q DV Z jvmj cwðg cvwk Ívb-we ivax evovwj RvZxqZvev `i Av `vjb ZvB hlb Kv bv Wgb ªkb wksev mfv-mwgwzi Rb cö qvrb n Zv,

136 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 135 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi cvwv q w` Zb Zuvi UªvKmn jvkrb B Zvg a kl gywreyi ingv bi m ½ Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii Nwbô m ú K i cuf wg Z wmk`v ii eofvb qi Q j Gg G irv QvÎjx Mi Ab Zg bzv wn m e Rwo q c ob AvIqvgx jxm cwipvwjz ivr bwzk Kvh Kjv ci m ½ irv wqj j ^v-piov ewjô `nx I mvnmx hyek e½eüzi mvwbœ a G m e½eüzi m vnbx e w³ Z i cöfv e m QvÎjx Mi ivr bwzk Kvh Kjv c GKUvi ci GKUv mvnwmkzvi cwipq w` Z _v K Ges wb Ri RbwcÖqZv w` q irv RMbœv_ K j Ri QvÎ msm `i wfwc wbe vwpz nq m mg q 1964 mv j gvbv qg Lvb hlb Mfb i Ges P v Ýji wn m e XvKv wek we` vj qi Kb fv Kk b Av mb, `ytmvnwmk J Z AvPi Yi gva g irv ZLb gvbv qg Lv bi Dcw wzi cöwzev` K i ciez x Kv j cywjk irv K Luy R MÖdZvi K i Ges R j cvwv q `q Rqbyj nk wmk`vi ZLb e½eüzi Kv Q hvb Ges Zuv K e jb, ÔGfv e hw` QvÎjx Mi ivr bwzk Kvh Kjv c irv m ú ³ n q c o, Zvi jlvcovi Kx n eõ? e½eüz ZLb n m wmk`vi K ej jb, ÔAvcwb Avcbvi fvwzrv irvi jlvcovi K_v fve Qb Avi Avwg fvewq, Avwg hw` irvi g Zv Avi GK jÿ irv czvg Zvn jb GKw`b cöwzôv Ki Z cvizvg evovwj RvwZi Rb MZ AwaKvi KÕ kl gywr ei PvwiwÎK ` pzv m ^ Ü wmk`vi mv ne D jøl K ib h, ÔAvMiZjv gvgjv Pj Q, e½eüz XvKv K v Ub g U ew ` Avwg ZLb Zv K `Lvi Rb e Í n q cwo GmweÕi jvk `i Kv Q Avwg cv mi Rb ewj ZLb GmweÕi `v ivmv wg. BDbym Avgv K ej jb Avcwb cvm b eb Zviv AviI Rvbvq h, AvMiZjvi H gvgjvq Avcbv K Rov bvi K_v wqj, wkš Avcbvi fvm fv jv weavq Avcwb eu P M Qb K v Ub g U kl gywre K `L Z hviqv Avcbvi wvk n e bv ILv b Lye Kov wbivcëv e e v Avcwb bzzb K i gvgjvq

137 136 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z du m h Z cv ib wkš Avwg wqjvg bv Qvoev `v Avgv K hfv eb nvk mlv b kl gywre K `L Z h ZB n e ZvB Avwg Avgvi GK cwiwpz mvsevw`k iwke wmwïkxi m ½ hvmv hvm Kwi wzwb ZLb ˆ`wbK AvRv` cwîkvi wi cvu vi I ivr bwzk `j b v ci m`m wq jb wzwb Avgv K mvsevw`k wn m e mvsevw`k `i Rb eivïk Z GKwU cv mi e e v Ki jb Avwg cvm wb q kl gywr ei Rb wb qvwrz wbivcëvi e vwi KW f` K i GK Szwo Kgjv jey wb q kl mv n ei Kv Q wm q `uvovb Ges g `ȳ ^ i ewj Avgiv evb i _ K Rvb Z cvijvg AvBqye Lv bi cöwzwbwa wd`v nv mb G mwq jb Avcbvi m ½ `Lv Ki Z Kx Avjvc n jv? Gfv e Avi KZw`b Pj e? cöwzdë i kl mv ne Avgv K ej jb, ÔAvwg kl gywre Avwg KLbI Avgvi gv_v wewµ Kwi bvb Avi Kv bvw`b gv_v wewµ KieI bv evovwjiv Zv `i AwaKvi GKw`b wbðq wd i cv ebõ e½eüz kl gywreyi ingv bi Pwi Îi Av ikwu we kl w`k wb q gv Sg a Mí K ib Rqbyj nk wmk`vi muv n jv gvby li Rb Zuvi GKUv mnrvz ggzv eva AmvaviY Zxÿè wqj Zuvi wzkw³ 1965 mv j AvBqye Lv bi weiæ cöwm W U c `i Rb `uvwo qwq jb wgm dv Zgv wrbœvn AvIqvgx jxmmn cvwk Ív bi mg Í ivr bwzk `j ZLb mw wjzfv e KvR KiwQj dv Zgv wrbœvni c ÿ mviv ` k GB cöm ½ iv qi evrvi GjvKvq dv Zgv wrbœvni c ÿ wbe vpbx cöpvikvh Pvjvevi e vcv i Av jvpbvi Rb Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii avbgwû evwo Z G mwq jb kl gywreyi ingvb mb mgq ÔmyiæRÕ bv gi GB GjvKviB GKRb jvk Lvevi-`vevi cwi ek bi e vcv i mw`b mnvqzv K iwqj 1969 mv ji MYAfz Ìv bi mvd j i ci hw`b AvMiZjv loh š i gvgjv _ K gyw³ c q kl gywre Zuvi ewîk b ^i evwo Z wd i Av mb,

138 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 137 Zuv K `Lvi Rb mb mgq myiæri wm qwqj mlv b gvby li mb cöpð wf oi g a I myiær K wpb Z cvi jb kl gywre ej jb, ÔmyiæR, Zzwg Kgb AvQÕ? Zv K W K œngvlv K É Kzkjvw` wrávmv Ki jb wzwb Avb ` D Q wmz n q mw`bb wmk`v ii evmvq G m myiær ejj, Ô `L jb m vi, GZw`b cii Avgv K ` L wpb Z cvi jb, Avgvi bvg a i WvK jb kl mv neõ kl mv n ei D`viZv wmk`vi mv n ei Aby cöiyvq fvwzrv Gg G irv QvÎjxM K `ªxq ivrbxwzi m ½ Rwo q hvb e½eüyi Lye Av vfvrb wq jb irv kl mv n ei ivrbxwzi m ½ RwoZ n q ^vaxbzvi c~ e AvBqye-we ivax Av `vjb I cvwk Ívb mikvi we ivax f wgkvi Kvi Y Zvi weiæ A bk jv gvgjvmn Rj L U Qb wkš ZviciI Gg G irv K QvÎ ivrbxwz _ K cvwk Ívb mikvi miv Z cv iwb e½eüz AvMiZjv lohš gvgjvq R j _vkvkvjxb wmk`vi mv ne K v Ub g U RjLvbvq `Lv K i e½eüzi LuvRLei wb q Qb Zv Av M D jøl K iwq 1969 mv ji 22 deªæqvwi AvMiZjv gvgjv _ K gyw³ cviqvi ci Kv bv GKw`b irv wmk`vi mv n ei evmvq e½eüz K `viqvz Ki Z e jb wmk`vi mv ne e jb, e½eüz K `viqvz Ki Z n j e½eüzmn K qkkz jvk `viqvz Ki Z n e Ges Zuvi avbgwûi evwo Z AZ jvk LvIqv bvi g Zv RvqMv bb irv ZviciI e½eüz K `viqvz Ki Z Aby iva K ib ZLb wmk`vi mv ne irv K Uwj dvb jvmv Z ej j irv Uwj dvb jvwm q e½eüzi m ½ wmk`vi mv ne K Uwj dvb awi q `b mbmgq wmk`vi mv ne e½eüz K Zuvi evmvq jvkrbmn G m `viqvz L Z Avgš Y Rvbvb e½eüz wmk`vi mv n ei `viqvz MÖnY K ib Ges wbw` ó w` b e½eüz, ZvRDÏxb Avng`, ˆmq` briæj Bmjvgmn cövq cuvpkz jvk wmk`vi mv n ei avbgwûi evmvq `viqvz

139 138 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z L Z Dcw Z nb wmk`vi mv nei H w`b A bk jv Ki Lvevi Av qvrb K iwq jb e½eüz Zuvi evmvq cušqv j wmk`vi mv ne e½eüzi cöwz K ZÁZv cökvk K i ÿgv cöv_ bv K ib, KviY Uwj dv bi gva g Avgš Y Rvbv bv K wmk`vi mv ne wb Ri wkóvpvi we ivax AvPi Yi Rb e½eüzi wbku ÿgv PvB jb wkš e½eüz wmk`vi mv ne K ej jb h, Avcwb n jb Avgvi fvb, hw`i i ³i KD bv ZeyI Avcwb Avgvi fvb Uwj dv bi gva g Avcwb Avgv K `viqvz K i Qb, Zv Z wk n q Q? Zv Z Avwg Kv bv wkqz g b Kwi bvb eis Zuv K I ` ji Ab `i LvIqvi e e v Kivq wzwb wmk`vi mv ne K ab ev` Rvbvb wmk`vi mv ne ZLb e½eüz K N ii fzi wm q L Z ej jb wkš e½eüz N ii fzi bv wm q AvMZ mkj AwZw_i m ½ eviv `vq GK m ½ L jb LvIqvi mg q wmk`vi mv n ei avbgwûi evmvi mvg bi iv Ív w` q K qkrb QvU QvU Q j kl gywr ei i³ PvB e j øvmvb w` Z _vk j wmk`vi mv ne e½eüz K e jb h wzwb øvmvb fðzj K i ` eb wkš e½eüz wmk`vi mv ne K e jb, ÔIiv QvU QvU Q j, Iiv Zgb GKUv ev S bv I `i W K G b LvB q `bõ wmk`vi mv ne I `i W K G b LvB q w` jb e½eüz h D`vi gvbwmkzvi jvk wq jb GUv Zvi GKUv cögvy 1970 mv j gvk vj jõ PjvKv j ` ki Ae v LyeB fqven n q D VwQj mevb ZLb Avk¼v KiwQj, kl gywreyi ingvb h Kv bv gyn~ Z MÖdZvi n q h Z cv ib kw¼z n q G e vcv i kl gywreyi ingv bi m ½ K_v ej jb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi kl gywre ZLb ej jb, ÔAvcbv `i Avk¼v wvkb, h Kv bv gyn~ Z Avwg MÖdZvi n q h Z cvwiõ wmk`vi ZLb ej jb, ÔAvwg Kx K i Rvbe, KLb Avcwb MÖdZvi n jbõ? kl gywre ej jb, ÔAvwg Avcbv K dvb K i RvbveÕ

140 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 139 wmk`vi ej jb, ÔAvgvi dvb bv ^vi wk Avcbvi g b Av QÕ? kl gywre n m ej jb, ÔLye g b Av Q G e j dvb bv ^vi e j w` jbõ wmk`vi mv ne GLbI we qi m ½ kl gywr ei mb AmvaviY wzkw³i K_v g b K ib Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e½eüy kl gywreyi ingvb 1970 mv ji b f ^i gv m GKw`b e½eüzi ewîk b ^i iv Wi evwo Z Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e m K_v ejwq jb e½eüzi m ½ Ggb mgq GKRb jvk G m mlv b nvwri n jv jvkwu GKwU KvMR ei K i e½eüz K ejj, ÔAvcwb GKwU PvKwii Rb mycvwik K i Avgv K Av gwikvb A v ^wm Z cvwv qwq jb mlv b hvevi Av M nvvr Avgvi Pv L coj, Avcbvi mb qi wb P Kv bv wmj `Iqv nqwb `qv K i hw` GKUv wmj w` q `b Zvn j LyeB fv jv nq, m viõ e½eüz n m ej jb, ÔhvI hvi, wmj jvm e bv, Iiv Avgvi mb P b Õ KvMRwU c K U i L jvkwu LyeB KvPzgvPz KiwQj e½eüz wrávmv Ki jb, ÔAvevi Kx PvIÕ? jvkwu KvKzwZ-wgbwZi my i ejj, Ôm vi Avgvi ej Z j¾v Ki Q Avm j Avgvi evwo wd i hvevi g Zv c K U Kv bv UvKv bvbõ

141 140 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Rqbyj nk wmk`vi ZLb wb Ri c KU _ K wkqz UvKv jvkuv K w` jb jvkuvi w` K g `y n m ZvwK q e½eüy ej jb ÔZzwg GKUz A cÿv K iv e½eüz Dc i D V M jb GKUz ci Avevi wd i G m jvkuvi nv Z wkqz UvKv w` jb c i jvkwu K ZÁZvi nvwm w` q P j Mj Rqbyj nk wmk`vi ZLb ej jb, ÔAvwg Zv jvkuv K Av MB wkqz UvKv w` qwqjvgõ e½eüz n m ej jb, ÔAvcwb UvKv w` q Qb Avjøvn& Avcbvi fv jv Ki eb wkš jvkuv K Avjøvn& Avgvi Kv Q cvwv q Qb Avwg Zv Zv K Lvwj nv Z wdiv Z cvwibvõ wmk`vi mv ne nvwmgy L wrávmv Ki jb, ÔAvcwb Zv K KZ w` jbõ? e½eüz n m ej jb, ÔRv bb Zv, nvw` m Av Q, Wvb nv Z KvD K wkqz w` j evg nvz hb muv Rvb Z bv cv i ZvB muv ejv hv e bvõ wmk`vi Awff Z n q ZvwK q ib jb e½eüzi gy Li w` K Rqbyj nk wmk`vi cövqb e jb, e½eüzi g Zv Av cvlnxb mvnmx `k cöwgk bzvi Rb bv n j evsjv `k Kv bvkv jb ^vaxb n Z cviz bv ïay ZvB bq, RvwZi RbK wn m e ivóª cwipvjbvqi b vqbxwzi Zzjbvwenxb ` óvší i L M Qb e½eüz Zgb ARmª Kvwnwbi g a GKwU Kvwnwb cövqb gvbyl K kvbvb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e½eüzi kvmbkv j GKevi GKkZ UvKvi bvu K ww gvwbuvbr Kiv nq emg gywre GKw`b n m Rqbyj nk wmk`vi K ej jb, Ô `Lyb bv, N i Avcbv `i GZ eo bzv _vkvi cii mgqg Zv Rvb Z bv cvivi Rb GKkZ UvKv bv Ui mv o mvz nvrvi UvKv Avgvi bó n q MjÕ e½eüzi cöm½ DV jb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e jb, Zvi Rvbv g Z e½eüzi Ggwb AviI ARmª wkse`wšíi g Zv NUbv Av Q

142 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 141 e½eüzi m ½ GKwU we kl NUbv Av Q Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii, hv Av Rv wzwb fzj Z cv ib bv 1975 mv ji Ryb gv m gri mvb`yjøvn bv g GKRb wiuvqvw Avwg Awdmvi G m `Lv Kij wmk`v ii m ½ wmk`vi mv ne Zv K œn Ki Zb m wmk`vi K ÔKvKzÕ e j m ^vab KiZ Kw úz K Ú gri mvb`yjøvn ejj, ÔKvKz, GKUv K_v Avcbv K Rvbv Z G mwq hw` m e nq Avcwb K_vUv e½eüz K Rvbv ebõ K_vUv e j gri mvb`yjøvn Zuv K Rvbvj, K qkrb wiuvqvw Avwg Awdmvi I Bb-mvwf m Awdmvi wg j GKUv lohš Pvjv Q e½eüz K DrLvZ Kivi mb loh š i g a Ggb wkqz wiuvqvw Avwg Awdmvi Av Q, hv `i e w³mz ch v q e½eüz LyeB œn K ib Rqbyj nk wmk`vi K mbme jvk jvi bvg e j gri mvb`yjøvn Aby iva Kij, wmk`vi hb e½eüz K Aby iva K ib hv Z G e vcv i wzwb h_vkxnö GKUv Bb fw Mkb K ib gri mvb`yjøvni KvQ _ K Gme K_v kvbvi ci Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii g b n jv, Zvi nvz-cv hb VvÛv n q Avm Q AšÍ` wó Z wmk`vi mv ne `L Z c jb GKUv m ve fqven ` k ZviciB wzwb Qz U M jb e½eüzi Kv Q avbgwûi ewîk b ^i iv Wi evwo Z e m gri mvb`yjøvni idv iý w` q GKUv fqven loh š i Avk¼vi K_v wmk`vi mv ne Rvbv jb e½eüz K e½eüz GKUv AÆnvwm w` q ej jb, ÔAvgv K DrLvZ Ki e? evsjv `k Avwg i Gme Q j c j? G `i Zv Avwg œn fv jvevmv w` q wb Ri nv Z M o Zz jwq Avmj NUbv Kx Rv bb wmk`vi mv ne? wkqz jvk Avgvi Ges evsjv `k Avwg i g a GKUv fzj evsveywsi m wó Kiv Z Pvq Zviv Rv b, Avcbv K Avwg Lye wek vm Kwi ZvB Avcbvi gva g GB ai bi K_v Avgv K Rvwb q, Avgvi Ges evsjv `k Avwg i g a GKUv we iva m wó Kivi Póv Pvjv Q ZvivÕ

143 142 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z e½eüz gvbyl K D`vi ` wó Z `L Zb wzwb mevb K wek vm Ki Zb I fv jvevm Zb evi evi Rxe bi Dci SuywK wb q h evsjv ` ki Rb w` qwq jb wzwb wb R, mb evsjv ` ki gvwu Z, mb evsjv ` kib Kv bv mšívb Zuv K DrLvZ Kivi wksev Zuvi Rxebbv ki K_v fve Z cv i muv e½eüz mw`b fve ZB cv ibwb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi wb R eo AvZ vwfgvbx jvk wzwb g b g b A bk `ytl c jb h, wb Ri ÿgv-my `i D`vi ü` qi Rb wmk`v ii gva g gri mvb`yjøvni `Iqv msev`uv K Gfv e n m Dwo q w` jb e½eüz e½eüz K mvjvg w` q g bi `yt L Rqbyj nk wmk`vi P j G jb wb Ri evwo Zvic i g bi Aw izv K Pvcv w` q ivlvi Rb wzwb P j M jb BwÛqv K qkw`b KvUv jb AvRwg i GK gvm ci RyjvB gv mi 31 Zvwi L wmk`vi Avevi wd i G jb XvKvq Õ75-Gi 15 AvM iv Z wmk`vi mv ne gvbwmk hš Yv I Aw izvq Nygv Z cvi jb bv KviY Gi Av MB gri mvb`yjøvn gva g h msev` c qwq jb Ges e½eüz K Zv Rvwb qwq jb msev`wu kl mv ne wek vm bv Ki ji Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv ne Zv Awek vm Ki Z cviwq jb bv ZvB cvwicvwk K Ae vi cwi cöwÿ Z mb `ytlgq Ae vuvi gy LvgywL niqvi Avk¼vq cövq cöwzw`b mviv ivz Aw izvq KvUvb Ggwb 15 AvM ivz K U fvi niqvi gyn~ Z hlb Mvjv wji kã ïbwq jb ZLbB Zuvi g b n qwqj GB gyn~ Z B e½eüz kl n q M jb e½eüzi Wv K gyw³hy AskMÖnY `kvz ev a D¾xweZ Rqbyj nk wmk`vi GKvË ii gvp gv mi cö_g _ K gvbwmkfv e cö wz wbw Q jb e½eüzi Wv K h Kv bv cökvi cwiw wzi gvkv ejv Kivi Rb ZvB ga eq mi wbr nv Z A a i ^vaxbzv hy Suvwc q co Z c iwq jb e emv, A_ weë, msmvi, x, cyî-kb v ev ggzvgqx œnkxj gv qi euvab Zv K AvU K

144 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 143 ivl Z cv iwb Rxe bi meikg SzuwK wb q iyv½ b A nv Z hy K i Qb G wel q kixqzcy ii gyw³ hv v I 2bs m± ii 3bs Gwiqv cöwzwbwa gvnv ` w``viæj Bmjvg wjwlz Ô ^vaxbzv I gyw³hy kixqzcyiõ eb q wmk`vi mv n ei mvnwmkzvi cömsmv K i Qb dwi`cyi Rjv AvIqvgx jx Mi bzv I gyw³hy mivmwi AskMÖnYKvix gyw³ hv v gvnv ` mvjvqgvb Avjx Zvi wjwlz Ôgyw³hy e nëi dwi`cyiõ cȳ Í K Rqbyj n Ki D wz w` q j Lb: Ô25 gvp ivz 7Uvi mgq Avwg Rq `ecyi _ K wd i Avwm 8Uvi mgq wmivr I Bgivb bv g `ywu Q j G m Avgv K Lei w`j, AvR iv Z kn i cvwk Ívb wgwjuvwi gvp Ki e Avwg ZLb e½eüzi evwo Z h kv ii h nvrx mv ne _vk Zb, Zv K dvb K i ejjvg, GB msev` AZtci Igimn AviI jvkrb wb q BwcAviwUwmi GKwU ev m ZLbB e½eüzi evwo hvb Zuvi m ½ `Lv K i ejjvg, Avcwb Avgv `i m ½ Av mbõ wzwb ej jb, ÔAvwg hvebv, Avgvi hv Kivi `ikvi Zv Avwg Kie Avcbviv GB Avmbœ nvgjv K cöwznz Kivi Rb h hv Ki Z cv ib, K ibõ ILvb _ K wd i G m jvkrb wb q 15 b ^i iv Wi mvz gmwr` mo K e vwi KW ˆZwi Kwi ivz 11Uvi w` K cvwk Ívb mbviv G m e vwi KW miv Z _vk j grby, Bgivb, Igi, BKevj I wmivrmn 15 b ^i mo Ki GKwU evwoi wbku _ K Wvej e v ij e `yk w` q Avwg `i cöwz dvqvi Kwi, G Z `yb Rb cvwk Ívb mbv NUbv jb wbnz nq AZtci Zviv hlb Avgv `i Dci cvëv nvgjv K i ZLb mlvb _ K eû Kvq`vq wewfbœ vb Ny i ivz 1Uvi mgq evmvq wdwi ivz 1Uvi ci _ KB wewfbœ v b cvwk Ívb mbv `i nvgjv ïiæ nq fvi 5Uvi w` K 19 bs iv Wi kl Kvgv ji eüz wd ivr G m Avgv K Lei w`j, e½eüz K ivz 1Uvi mgq cvwk Ívb mbviv MÖdZvi K i wb q M Q 27 gvp, QvÎ bzv b~ i Avjg wmwïkx K jyw½ cwi q MvgQv Kuv a iv qi evrvi n q b`x cvi Kwi q AvwU cušwq q `B GB w` bb Avgvi

145 144 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z iv qi evrvi weªk wd ì ejv Abygvb 12Uvi mgq ZvRDÏxb Avng` I e vwi vi Avwgiæj Bmjvg Avgvi wbku G m fviz hviqvi e vcv i mn hvwmzv PvB j Avwg Zv `i KI b`x cvi Kwi q AvwU cušwq q `B Gi Av M A_ vr 27 gvp mkv j grby, Ggivb I wmivr G m Uªv± ii fzi jywk q K qkwu ivb dj I bmvb wb q Avgvi evmvq G m ejj, PvPv, GB A jv m ½ wb q G mwq, GLb Kx Kwi 1wU bmvb Avgvi wzbzjvi ev_iæ g jywk q i L, evwk jv wb q Zv `imn iv qi evrvi wm q iwng gvzyeÿ ii Q j K ejjvg, GB A jv AvwU Z QvÎ `i wbku cuš Q w` q G mv `ycy i divi mgq evmvi 100 M Ri g a Avm j `wl GKRb K b ji bz Z wzbwu UªvK I GKwU wrcfwz cövq 150 cvwk Ívb mbv Avgvi evwo wn i d j Q Avgv K wpb Z bv c i ejj, ÔGB fv Mv Bavi QÕ Avwg ZLb wkqz`~i wm q Ae v `Lvi Rb A cÿv Kwi ˆmb iv evmvq Xz K Zjøvwk Pvjvq Ges e j GUv GKUv `ym, GLv b A bk A Av Q Avgvi x ejj, ÔAvgv `i evwo AvIqvgx jxm `Lj K i wb q Rq evsjvi d vm Dwo q Q, Avm j Avgiv gymwjg jx Mi jvk Avgiv wb Pi Zjvq AvkÖq wb qwqõ mbviv ZbœZbœ K i Zjøvwk Pvwj q wzb Zjvq ev_iæ g ivlv bmvb c q K b j K ejj, ÔB q gvkvg gyw³kv ww cv nvq, B q nvwzqvi wgjv nvqõ ZLb Avgvi x g bvqviv emg ejj, ÔAvwg Zv e jwq, GB evwo AvIqvgx jx Mi jv Kiv `Lj K i Q, Zviv wk i L Q bv i L Q Avgiv Zv RvwbbvÕ cvwk Ívb ZLb ejj, ÔwmK`vi Kvnv, D q wgmwµqv U Kv wjwvi nvqõ ZLb Avgvi xi g b co jv ZrKvjxb cvwk Ívb mbvevwnbxi gri biqve bvgk GK Awdmv ii m ½ Avgvi Lye NwbôZv wqj 1971 mv j ^vaxbzv hy i mgq Zuvi cvw s wqj wm ju mbvwbev m, gri

146 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 145 biqve Avgv K GKwU wpwv j LwQj, hw` cvwk Ívb mbvevwnbxi KD Zv K Kvb wec ` dj Z Pvq Zvn j hb ZrÿYvZ gri mv ne K RvbvB Avgvi x ZLb wec ` w` knviv nvvr Zuvi g b co jv mb gri biqv ei wpwvi K_v Avgvi x cvwk Ívb mbv `i K mb wpwv Lvgmn `Lv jb cvwk Ívb mbviv wpwvi we ÍvwiZ c o Kvb ÿwz bv K ib evmv _ K P j hvb Zviv Avgv K Mvj m z j Zv `i NuvwU Z wm q `Lv Kivi Rb Avgvi xi wbku e j 4 GwcÖj, Avgvi cwiev ii mkj K wb q AvwU, KjvwZqv I köxbmi n q MÖv gi evwo KvwZ Kcy i P j hvb 8-10 w`b evwo _ K mevb K i L Avwg Avevi XvKv wd i G m ivw wwwfk bi A vkvd U U bvbœy wgqv K wb q Gw wkdwuf BwÄwbqvi jyrdi ingv bi gmevrv ii evmvq hvb Avgvi K qk jÿ UvKvi wej evwk wqj Zv K e j AvbygvwbK cövq 1 jÿ UvKvi 2Uv PK wb q Avgvi jvk Øviv K vk Kwi q UvKvmn evwo wd i hvb Ryb gv mi gvsvgvws, zqvu gywre, bvwmi m` vi, Avjx Avng` gv³vi Ggwc I drj gv vimn 87 Rb jvk wb q fvi Zi gjvni cušqvb mlv b K v Þb kikz Avjx, Lv j` gvkviid I nvq`v ii m ½ `Lv nq AvMiZjvq b~ i Avjg wmwïkx I AvIqvgx jxm K `ªxq bzv Rûi Avng` PŠayixi m ½ `Lv nq mlvb _ K D ovrvnv R KwjKvZv hvb cw_g a wrjøyi ingvb I AvBwf ingv bi m ½ mvÿvr nq KwjKvZv cuš Q w_ quvi iv W ^vaxb evsjv mikv ii cöavbgš x ZvRDÏxb Avng `i m ½ `Lv Kwi wgrvbyi ingvb PŠayixI mlv b wq jb wzwb Avgv K mlv b _vk Z e jb Ges jvk cvwv q `k _ K Avgvi x I mšívb `i wb q Avmvi Rb e jb wkš Avwg ivwr nbwb ` k wd i wm q hy AskMÖnY Kivi K_v ewj mlvb _ K AvMiZjv n q gjvni cušqv j 2bs m±i KgvÛvi Lv j` gvkviid I K b j kik Zi m ½ `Lv Kwi kik Zi evmvq GK mßvn _ K zqvu gywre, Ave`yj nvb I Aveyj nv mbmn K qkrb ` k wd i Avwm Lv j` gvkviid Avgv K XvKv wm q KvR Ki Z e jb, wkš Avwg ivwr nbwb KviY cvwk Ívb Avwg iv Avgv K LyuRwQj ZLb K b j

147 146 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z kikz Avgv K ejj, ÔPvPv, Avcwb ` k wm q AemicÖvß Avwg BwcAvi I cywj ki mgš^ q my e`vi Rqbvj Av e`x bi Kgv Û kwn` Av v mi bv g ÔAv vm dvm Õ MVb K ib Zv `i mvwe K `Lv kvbvi `vwqz Avcwb wb ebõ Gici Av vm dv m i mvwe K `vwqz wb q c~e gv`vixcy i KvR ïiæ K ib Rqbyj nk wmk`vi bwoqv _vbv `Lj m Þ ^ ii cö_g w` K gyw³ hv viv bwoqv _vbv `Lj K i Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii cwikíbv g Zv Av vm dvm KgvÛvi Rqbvj Av e`xb, bwoqv _vbv GdGd KgvÛvi gwz bwoqv _vbv AvµgY K i Avµg Yi w`b ivz 12Uvi mgq bwoqv _vbv nw KvqvU vi _ K 4 gvbj `~ i GKUv z j Rqbyj nk wmk`vi, my e`vi Rqbvj Av e`xb I gwz K wb q Avmbœ _vbv Avµg Yi cwikíbv Ki Z wgwjz nb Avµg Yi bk&kv ˆZwi K i jÿ ji w` K mevb iibv nb gyw³ dšr I GdGdmn 80 Rb hv v G Awfhv b Ask bq 2wU GjGgwR, 1wU 2 Bw gu vi, ivb dj, GmGjAvimn 80wU A wqj g~j `vwq Z Rqbyj nk wmk`vi my e`vi Rqbvj Av e`x bi Kgv Ûi Av vm dvm I bwoqv _vbv KgvÛvi gwzi Kgv Û GdGd `yb fv M wef³ n q fvi 5Uvi w` K AvµgY K i bwoqv _vbvi cywjk I ivrvkviiv e vskv i k³ ww dý wb qwqj Zviv msl vq cövq 40 Rb wqj GjGgwR I ivb dj Zv `i wbku wqj gyw³ hv viv AvµgY ïiæ Ki j _vbvi w`k _ K cywjk I ivrvkviiv cvëv wj K i `yb c ÿi g a cövq GK NÈv wj wewbg qi ci Rqbyj nk wmk`vi AvjgMxi bv g GKRb gyw³ hv v K AMÖmi n q cywjk `i cöwz n vûmavc Kiv Z e jb wkš m Zv bv Kivq, Rqbyj nk wmk`vi wb RB `yb c ÿi GB wj el Yi g a wm q Rv i wprkvi K i Ôn vûmavcõ ejvq _vbvi Iwm nvz DuPz K i mv iûvi K i cövq 30 R bi g Zv cywjk I ivrvkvi wbnz nq Aewkó mevb ÿgv P q

148 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 147 invb cvq _vbvi mkj nvwzqvi gyw³ hv v `i `L j Av m bv qk Ave`yi iwk` I BwcAv ii bv qk MvmvBinv Ui Ave`yi iwk`i G hy Ask wb qwqj f`imä _vbv `Lj f`imä _vbvi cywjk I ivrvkvi mgš^ q cvwk Ívb evwnbxi c ÿ GKwU kw³kvjx NvuwU wqj gyw³ hv viv _vbv Avµg Yi cwikíbv A bk c~e _ KB K i AvmwQj Ae k l 10 A ±vei Avµg Yi w`b wvk Kiv nq f`imä _vbv _ K wkqz `~ i GKwU cövbgvwi z j Rqbyj nk wmk`vi, K v Þb eveyj, Rqbvj Av e`xb I Ave`yj gvbœvb ivpxi wgwjz Avµg Yi bxjbk&kv cöyqb K ib cwikíbv g Z my e`vi Rqbvj Av e`x bi bz Z Av vm dvm, Ave`yj gvbœvb ivpxi bz Z GdGd `j Ges DbœZgv bi A mw¾z K v Þb evey ji ` ji GKk-mn gvu 300 gyw³ hv v hy Ask bq _vbvi c~e w`k _ K K v Þb evey ji `j, `wÿy w` Ki iv Ívq W vgyw`qv _ K hw` kµc ÿi jvk Av m Zv `i cöwznz Kivi Rb Ave`yj gvbœvb ivpx Zvi `j wb q wb qvwrz _v K Ab w` K, Rqbyj nk wmk`vi I my e`vi Rqbvj Av e`x bi bz Z DËiw`K _ K hy ïiæ K i 10 A ±vei fvi 4Uvq Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii K_vg Zv WvK evs jvi Qv `i Dci _ K cö_g dvqvi Kiv n j Dfq c ÿi g a Zzgyj i³ÿqx hy ïiæ nq GKUvbv 22 NÈv hy Pjvi ci ivz 12Uvi mgq Zxeª Avµg Y _vbvi cywjk I ivrvkviiv AvZ mgc Y Ki Z eva nq GB mgq K qk nvrvi RbZv gyw³ hv v `i wcq b _ K Rq evsjv øvmvb w` Z _v K nvrvi nvrvi gvby li MMbwe`vix øvmv bi AvIqv R hgb gyw³ hv viv AbycÖvwYZ nq, Zgwb _vbvi cywjk I ivrvkviivi AvZswKZ nq cywjk I ivrvkvimn 87 Rb gviv hvq Ges gyw³ hv v `i c ÿ nvwej`vi gwndïxb m` vi knx` nb me A `L j Av m Ges ^vaxb evsjvi czvkv D Ëvjb Kiv nq _vbvi Iwm cvwj q hviqvi mgq Ave`yj gvbœvb ivpxi ` ji Kv Q aiv co j Zv K K U UzK iv UzK iv Kiv nq Ave`yj nvb wgqv I Aveyj nv mb Lvbmn

149 148 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z AvIqvgx jxm bzv I Kg xiv GB hy mn hvwmzv K i cvjs _vbv `Lj cvjs _vbv Avµg Yi K qkw`b c~ e cvjs _vbv KgvÛvi Bw`ªm gv vi ÔAv vm dvm Õ K v ú wm q Rqbyj nk wmk`vi I Rqbvj Av e`x bi m ½ `Lv K i cvjs _vbv AvµgY Kivi Rb Aby iva Rvbv j Avµg Yi w`b wvk Kiv nq wba vwiz w` b cvjs _vbv _ K GK gvbj `~ i GK evwo Z Rqbyj nk wmk`vi, Rqbvj Av e`xb I Bw`ªm gv vi wgwjz n q Avµg Yi cwikíbv K i _vbv Awfgy L iibv nq wzb MÖæ c wef³ n q my e`vi Rqbvj Av e`xb, Bw`&ªQ gv vi I GdGd KgvÛvi Aveyj Kv m gi bz Z hy ïiæ nq 13 m Þ ^i kl iv Z gyw³ hv viv Avµg Yi Rb cwrkb wb q ˆZwi, Ggb mgq Iq vi jm Acv iui mv jk Lvb _vbvq Iwmi m ½ Avjvc KiwQj GKwU Q j _vbvq wm q Zv K ei n q Avmvi Bw½Z w` j m ei n q Avmvi cib AvµgY ïiæ nq GB Avµg Y gyw³ hv v `i m ½ gywreevwnbx _vbv KgvÛvi drj gv vi Zvi `j wb q hy Ask bq 4wU GjGgwR, 2wU 2 Bw gu vimn kzvwak gyw³ hv v GB hy Ask bq gyw³ hv v `i cöpð weivgnxb Avµg Y wuk Z bv c i 14 m Þ ^i 9Uvq cywjk I ivrvkviiv mv iûvi K i wmivryj Bmjvg, Rvdi, Rvjvj gv vi I mv jk Lvbmn nvrvi nvrvi RbZv gyw³ hv v `i wcq b _ K MMbwe`vix AvIqv R Rq evsjv øvmvb w` Z _vk j AvZsKMÖ Í n q cvk Zuv e`vi _vbvi cywjk I ivrvkviiv mv iûvi K i cywjk I ivrvkvimn cövq 55 Rb gviv hvq Avãyj gvbœvb I Avey Zv ni bv g 2 Rb gyw³ hv v kwn` nb _vbvi mkj A gyw³ hv v `i `L j Av m ^vaxbzv hy Kvjxb I ciez x mg qi wkqz K_v

150 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 149 evsjv ` ki ^vaxbzv hy cwipvjbvkvix gywrebmi mikv ii cÿ _ K ^vaxbzvi c ÿ wkqz e w³i f wgkv cökœwe _vkvq Zv `i weiæ Kvh Kix f wgkv biqvi Rb wb ` k Rvwi Kiv nq wezwk Z f wgkvi Rb hv `i bvg ZvwjKvfz³ wqj, Zv `i g a Ab Zg wq jb wecøex bzv kvwší mb, me nviv ` ji bzv jvkvz v MÖv gi wmivr wmk`vi I cvjs _vbv wbevmx wmivr mi`vi Ab Zg f`imä _vbv gyw³ hv v KgvÛvi gvbœvb kvwší mb K MÖdZvi K i mvrbcyi K v ú AvUK i L wmk`vi mv ne K Rvbvb fvi Zi ^vaxbzv Av `vj b kvwší m bi f wgkvi K_v iy K i wmk`vi mv ne Zv K gy³ K i `Iqvi wb ` k `b wmivr wmk`v ii ÿ ÎI evsjv ` k ^vaxbzv hy i c ÿ mg_ b bv _vkvi Awf hvm DÌvwcZ nq Ges wmivr wmk`v ii weiæ Kvh Kix c` ÿc biqvi Rb wb ` kbv Av m m Lei c q Rqbyj nk wmk`vi jÿ Ki jb, wmivr wmk`vi cvwk Ívb Avwg i kvmk `i cÿ Aej ^b K ibwb wzwb GKRb evovwj `k cöwgk ZvB Zvi weiæ Kv bv P ovší e e v biqv gvbwek KvR n ebv wzwb wmivr wmk`vi K Mvc b Lei cvwv q mzk K i GjvKv _ K mwi q `b Gfv e H mg qi Rb Zvi Rxeb iÿv cvq `k ^vaxb niqvi ci Avevi Awf hvm Av m wmk`vi mv n ei 211 b ^i evwo Z wmivr wmk`vi gv Sg a Ae vb K i G Awf hvmwu K ib mbvevwnbxi DMO Gg G gv jk, hv ciez xkv j e½eüz ch vq ch ší cušqvq G wel q wmk`vi mv ne e½eüz K Rvbvb Avwg hy Pjvi mgq wmivr wmk`vi K euvpv bvi Rb GjvKv _ K mwi q w` qwqjvg GUv mz, wkš ^vaxbzv hy i ci Avwg Zv K Avgvi evwo Z AvkÖq w` qwq e j h e w³ Avgv K Awfhy³ Ki Z Pvq, Avwg Zvi m ½ jo Z cö Z, m h Kv bv ch v qib jvk nvk cvjs qi wmivr mi`vi m ^ ÜI gywrebmi mikvi _ K cö`ë e e v MÖn Yi ZvwjKvq Zvi bvg wqj wkš wmk`vi mv ne Rvb Zb

151 150 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z wzwb wq jb GK mgq e½eüzi Nwbô ivr bwzk mnpi hw`i wzwb ciez xkv j AvIqvgx ivrbxwz Ki Zb bv, Z e wzwb wq jb GKRb cök Z `k cöwgk ZvB hfv e wb ` kbv G m Q Zv Kvh Kix KivI wvk n e bv ZvB wzwb gyw³ hv v `i wb ` kbv w` qwq jb wmivr mi`v ii hb Kv bv ÿwz bv nq wkš gyw³ hv v KgvÛvi Bw`ªm wmk`vi mv n ei wb ` kbv Agvb K i wmivr mi`vi K g i d j c i Aek Bw`ªmI wbnz nq ^vaxbzv hy Pjvi mgq bwoqv _ K wbe vwpz GgGbG Wv. Aveyj Kv k gi Dci wb ` kbv wqj fvi Z wm q gywrebmi mikv ii m ½ KvR Kivi Rb m Abyhvqx Zvi `k Z vm Kivi w`b ZvwiL wba vwiz nq wkš wbw` ó w` bi Av Mi w`b Zvi gvzv B šíkvj Kivq H mgq Zuvi `kz vm Kiv m e nq bv Zuvi GB gvbwek wech q gyn~z Uv gyw³hy i KD KD mnrfv e bv wb q Ab ` wó Z ` L Ges Wv. Aveyj Kv kg K `kz vm Kivi Rb Pvc cö qvm Ae vnz iv L d j eva n q Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv ne Zuv K Zuvi Aax b c~e gv`vixcy i gyw³ hv v `i wjqv Ruv Awdmvi wn m e KvR Kivi K_v Rvwb q gywrebmi mikvi K wpwv `b Gic i gywrebmi mikvi wmk`vi mv n ei wpwvi welq K Zuvi cö Ív e Aby gv`b cö`vb K i bwoqvi fv Rk i Qq Avwb Rwg`vi evwo Z emevmkvix gvijvbv AvZvDi ingvb GKRb wkwÿz Av jg wq jb wkš AvZvDi ingvb mv ne gyw³hy i ÿwzki Kv bv Kv Ri m ½ wjß wq jb bv ZviciI gyw³ hv viv Zv K MÖdZvi Ki j wmk`vi mv ne Zuv K gy³fv e Pjv divi Rb my hvm `b

152 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 151 fv Rk i cuvpavwb evwoi gyw³ hv v `i K v úi Qwe-Wvb _ K Rqbyj nk wmk`vi, GgGbG Wv. Aveyj Kv mg, my e`vi Rqbvj Av e`xb I gvnv ` w``viæj Bmjvg 1971 mv j bwoqv _vbv gyw³ hv viv, me ev g Rqbyj nk wmk`vi

153 152 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 1971 mv j bwoqv _vbv gyw³ hv viv, Dc i `uvov bv wuk wpwýz Rqbyj nk wmk`vi 1971 mv j bwoqv _vbv gyw³ hv viv, Dc i `uvov bv wuk wpwýz Rqbyj nk wmk`vi RxešÍ wkse`wší K hgb ` LwQ

154 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 153 gyw³ hv v I bš-kgv Ûv, mv ek mfvcwz, f`imä Dc Rjv wegbwc mv ek fvicövß Dc Rjv Pqvig vb, Gm Gg Aveyj evkvi GK wbe Ü gyw³ hv v Rqbyj nk wmk`vi m ^ Ü wj Lb, ÒcÖv_wgK we` vjq _ K ïiæ K i wek we` vjq ch ší we k i D jøl hvm BwZnvm, Bmjv gi BwZnvm, cvk-fviz BwZnvm Kg ewk c owq evsjv ` ki BwZnvm Rb jmœ _ KB Pv L ` LwQ A bk Ávbx- Yx, `vbexi, mgvr mek m ú K eb cȳ Í K c owq Zv `i AwaKvs kib L vwz Qwo q Q Zv `i g Zz i c i wkš Ggb GKRb wkse`wší K `Lvi mšfvm Avgvi n q Q hvi L vwz Zuvi RxeÏkv ZB ` ki MwÛ cwi q we k i wewfbœ cöv ší Qwo q c o Q, Av jvwkz K i Q `k-we ` ki jÿ jÿ cwievi nvwm dzwu q Q jÿ jÿ gv-evevi gy L Gme m e n q Q wek we` vjq, GKvwaK gww Kj K jr, W Uvj K jr, A bk jv wkÿv cöwzôvb Ges e vsk I exgv cöwzôvi gva g ag xq Aby cöiyvq wbg vy K i Qb AmsL gmwr`, gv`ªvmv, GwZgLvbv I e vkög wzwbb GKgvÎ wkse`wší me Rb kö q Rbve RW. GBP. wmk`vi cöavbgš x _ K ïiæ K i mvaviy gvbyl ch ší mevib wzwb ÔPvPvÕÑK Zv Avcb, K Zv Kv Qi Gme wel q Avwg wek` Av jvpbvq hvebv GKRb gyw³ hv v wn m e AvwgI wmk`vi PvPv K hfv e ` LwQ mb mgqkvi `yõgkwu K_v ejvi Rb Kjg nv Z wb qwq AKz Zvfq `ytmvnmx exi gyw³ hv v wmk`vi PvPv G `k K ^vaxb Kivi Rb, ` ki gvbyl K Mvjvgxi nvz _ K gy³ Kivi Rb, w` bi ci w`b Qz U ewo q Q gvb ji c i gvbj, MÖvg _ K kn i, GK AÂj _ K Ab A j hlv b ï b Qb kîæevwnbxi K_v, mlv bb Svwc q c o Qb ex ii g Zv, hy K i Qb wb Ri Rxeb K wecbœ K i, ZvB Zv Avjøvn& iveÿyj AvjvgxbI Zuv K iÿv K i Qb wb Ri ARv šíb gvbyl nz v Kiv wzwb KLbI cq ` K ibwb Ges cököqi `bwb eis SuywK wb q n ji gvbyl K euvpv Z wzwb KLbI wcqcv nbwb ZviB GKwU D¾ j ` óvší e wuk we ivax Av `vjbkvix evgcš x bzv, mvg ev`x ` ji wmwbqi fvbm cöwm W U kvwší mb ^vaxbzv hy i k li w` K 1971

155 154 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z m bi b f ^i gv m KwZcq D Z b bz e `i wb ` k f`imä _vbvi gyw³evwnbx kvwší mb K MÖdZvi K i Ges g i djvi Rb Zv `i K v ú wb q hvq wmk`vi PvPv wq jb ZLb K v ú _ K A bk `~ i fv Rk ii Kv Q Lei cviqvi mv _ mv _B wzwb QzU jb f`imä gyw³ hv v `i K v ú gwnlv ii D Ï k Avm Z Avm Z wzwb fve Z _v Kb wbðqb D Z b Kv iv wb ` kb gyw³ hv viv kvwší mb K a i G b Q GLb nq Zv Zuvi AbygwZi A cÿvq Av Q ZvB KŠk j Zv K gyw³i e e v Ki Z n e Gme wpšív Ki Z Ki Z wmk`vi PvPvi bškv G m wfoj gwnlvi K v úi Kv Q KvÂb cvov evrv i wmk`vi PvPv bškv _ K b g Dc i DVvi mv _ mv _B jvkrb G m Zuvi Pviw` K fxo K i `uvovj Avwg QvU ejv _ KB ` LwQ, wmk`vi PvPv K `L jb jvkrb G m Zuvi Kv Q fxo KiZ GB fx oi g a B f`imä _vbv KgvÛvi Avãyj gvbœvb ivpx Zuvi Kv Q wm q ejj, PvPv GKUv Mvcb K_v Av Q wmk`vi PvPv Zv eys ZB c i Qb gvbœvb wk K_v ej e GLb KŠkj K i kvwší mb K Qvo Z n e wmk`vi PvPv gvbœvb ivpx K ej jb gyw³ hv v `i Avevi Mvcb K_v wk? GLv bb ej? gvbœvb ivpx ZLb ejj, kvwší mb K a i G bwq, Dci _ K Zv K g i djvi wb ` k G m Q Avgiv Avcbvi AbygwZi A cÿvq AvwQ PvPv ZLb gvbœvb K agk w` q ej jb, G Zveo Mvcb Lei wk KD gvby li mvg b e j bvwk? evkv Kv_vKvi, GLb Zv kvwší mb K g i dj j Avgv `i `yb vg n e, hvi Zvi PvL Ly j Zv K evwo ch ší cuš Q `vi Gfv eb wmk`vi PvPvi Dwmjvq g Zz i `yqvi _ K cövy wd i c q Qb, Z`vbxšÍb c~e cvwk Ív bi cvj v g U m`m gvbvb `Iqvb, kwiqzcy ii G. K.Gg bvwmi DwÏb Ii d Kvjy mi`vi, ivgf`ªcyi BDwbq bi Pqvig vb AvBDe Avjx mi`vi, Zviv eywbqvi Pqvig vb BDmyd evjvmn Av iv A b K ZvB Zv GLbI wmk`vi PvPv MÖv gm Ä hlv bb hvbbv Kb Zvi Kvb wmwkdwiwu MvW ev ewwmv W i cö qvrb nqbv

156 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 155 GLv b Avi GKwU K_v bv e j cviwqbv, wmk`vi PvPv ïay GKvB gyw³hy K ib bvb Zuvi Avcb fvwzrv wewkó QvÎ bzv Gg G irv, PvPv Zv fvb Avt nvwkg wmk`vi, g Uz wmk`vi, gvbœvb wmk`vi, gwz wmk`vi G `i KI wzwb gyw³hy cvwv q Qb ïay ZvB bq Zuvi eo Q j ggzvryj nk wmk`vi Ii d gäy m egvî ˆkke _ K ˆK kv i cv w` q Q, eqm gvî 12/13 wczv K `L Z `L Z mi ZLb Avi N i _vk Z cv iwb, A nv Z ewo q c o Qb Ni _ K `k ^vaxb bv niqv ch ší A wb q wczvi mv _ wq jb Qvqvi g Zv GiKg GKwU `ytmvnwmk I Z vmx cwievi Avwg Avi GKwUI `wlwb Gm ei wcq b Avovj _ K Aby cöiyv hvwm q Qb Avi GKRb gwnqmx bvix wmk`vi PvPvi mnawg bx Avgv `i kö q ÒPvPxÓ wg mm g bvqviv wmk`vi Ó `kvz cö g DØy Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii wpšív- PZbv evsjv ` ki ^vaxbzvi ci e nëi h kvi Rjvi wsbvb` ni gyw³ hv v Avey Rvdi wd iv Ri m ½ Gg G irvi gva g wmk`vi mv n ei cwipq nq Ges Zvici _ K wzwb wmk`vi mv n ei evmvq _ vk Zb wmk`vi mv ne Zv K mšív bi g Zv fv jvevm Zb Ges wzwbi wmk`vi mv n ei mv_x wn m e _vk Zb ciez xkv j Avey Rvdi wd ivr Av gwikvq jlvcov K i hy³ivóª mikv ii ciivóª wefv M PvKwi wb q 3rd Secretary wn m e wewfbœ ` k PvKwi K i Aemi bb wmk`vi mv n ei evsjv `k Ges Av gwikvi Kg Rxe bi wkqz As ki wzwb GKRb cöz ÿ`k x Zvi m ½ mvÿvr K i Avwg Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv ne m ^ Ü wkqz Z_ msmön Kwi, wb œ Zvi fvl jv ms ÿ c D jøl KiwQ: Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv ne AvIqvgx jxm I QvÎjxM bzvkg x `i hgb mnvqzv Ki Zb, Zgwb Ab vb ` ji bzvivi Zuvi Kv Q Avm Zb Avw_ K mnvqzvi Rb Pxbcš x b v ci bzv nvrx `v bk

157 156 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Ges ` eb wmk`vi Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei ms ½ `Lv Ki Z Avgvi Dcw wz Z GKevi Av mb wewfbœ Av jvpbvi duv K nvrx `v bk wmk`vi mv ne K e jb, Avcwb gyw³hy K i Qb, ` ki Rb wbr nv Z A Zz j wb qwq jb, cvwk Ívbx `i civwrz K i Qb Avcwb wk c jb? Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv ne ej jb, ` ki gvbyl ^vaxbzv c q Q, `k ^vaxb n q Q, GUvB Zv Avgv `i eo cviqv Zuviv Awf hvm K i e jb h, GB mikvi (e½eüz kl gywr ei mikvi) Pvqbv K cvu bv w` q wb œ`v g Ab `k K cvu w` Q wkš Pvqbv D P `v g cvu wkb Z AvMÖnx Avgiv Rvwb, GB mikv ii m ½ Avcbvi Lye fv jv m úk Av Q Avcwb mn hvwmzv K i Pvqbv K cvu `Iqvi e e v K ib ZLb wmk`vi mv ne ej jb, Pvqbv Zv GLb ch ší evsjv `k K ^xk wz `qwb hviv Avgv `i ^vaxbzv KB ^xkvi K i bv, Zv `i m ½ e emv-evwyr Kivi Kv bv cökœb D V bv evsjv ` ki ^vaxbzvi ci fvi Zi GK gvoiqvix e emvqx KjKvZvi GK nv U j AZ ší AvšÍwiKZvi m ½ Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv ne K Av`i-Avc vqb K ib Zv `i AwZwi³ Av`i-Avc vq bi welqwu wmk`vi mv n ei g b m ` ni D `ªK K i gvoiqvix c i cö Íve `b h Avcwb Avgv `i GKUy mn hvwmzv Ki j Avcwb KvwU KvwU UvKv jvf Ki Z cvi eb wmk`vi mv ne e emvwui aib m ^ Ü wrávmv Ki j gvoiqvix Rvbvq h, Avgiv Lei wb q R bwq evsjv `k mikv ii D P ch v qi jv Kiv Avcbv K LyeB fw³ kö v K i Kv gm& ev cywjk cökvmb Avcbvi Mvwo Zjøvwk Ki ebv Avcwb ïay Avcbvi e w³mz Mvwo wb q evsjv `k _ K ew vi cvi n q KjKvZv Avm eb Avcbvi Mvwoi fz i jywk q ^Y evsjv `k _ K fvi Zi cwðg evsjvq wb q Avm ev wmk`vi mv ne ZLb gvoiqvixi gy Li Dci e j `b Avgiv `k ^vaxb K iwq eøvk gv K wus Kivi Rb bq Avwg G ai bi A ea e emv Kv bvw`b Kwiwb Ges AvMvgx ZI Kiebv ZvB mn hvwmzvi Kv bv K_vB D V bv fvi Zi Avi GK gvoiqvix Kv úvwb wmk`vi mv n ei m ½ R q U fâvi Kv úvwb MVb K i e emv Kivi cö Íve `b e emvwu

158 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 157 wqj evsjv ` ki cyivzb Le ii KvMR fvi Z ißvwb Kiv gvoiqvix wmk`vi mv ne K Avk vm `b G Z Avcbvi cöpzi jvf n e wmk`vi mv ne Rvb Z Pvb cyivzb Le ii KvM Ri g~j B ev KZ? Avi Zv Z wk cwigvy jvf n Z cv i? gvoiqvix ZLb Zv `i e emvi Avmj D Ï k i K_v cökvk K i e jb, cyi bv Le ii KvM Ri fz i bzzb wbdrwcö U KvMR XzwK q `Iqv n e Avcbv K wkqz Ki Z n e bv, AvgivB me KvR Kie Avgiv ïay Avcbvi bvguvb e envi Kie wmk`vi mv ne AZ ší N Yvf i gvoiqvixi G cö ÍvewUI cöz vl vb K ib ^vaxbzvi ci wewfbœ ai bi e emv evsjv `k ^vaxbzvi ci mp cök íi gva g Lv` k m i Drcv`b e w i j ÿ ZrKvjxb kl gywre mikvi 17wU Rjvq Mfxi bjk~c emv bvi KvR nv Z bb, evsjv `k GwMÖKvjPvivj K c v ik bi gva g 17wU Rjvq 17 Rb wewkó K Uªv±i K UÛv ii gva g KvR `Iqv nq wmk`vi mv ne cvb ZrKvjxb mgmö h kvi Rjvi KvR evsjv ` ki ^vaxbzvi ci Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv ne `yõwu wm bgv cö hvrbv K iwq jb fvwzrv Gg G irvi bv g G `ywu wm bgvi GKwUi bvg wqj ÔAv jv Zzwg Av jqvõ Ges AciwUi bvg wqj ÔAv`vjZÕ G e emvqi wmk`vi mv ne mdjzv AR b K i A bk A _ i gvwjk nb kixqzcyi A ji gvby li XvKvi m ½ hvmv hv Mi mye e vi Rb wzwb `yõwu hvîxevnx jâ Ggwf dwi`v Ges Ggwf cvbœv w` q c v mävi mvwf m Pvjy K ib GQvov bšc _ gvj cwienb myweav _ `yõwu evr I 1wU Tug boat wzwb µq K ib Tug boat-gi bvg wqj Ggwf Rwibv Ges evr `yõwui bvg wqj Ggwf w`cy Ges Ggwf evey GB evr I Tug boat w` q wm j Ui Rvdjs, QvZK, mybvgmä _ K cv_i µq K i evsjv ` ki wewfbœ v b we kl K i h kvi I biqvcvov A j cwienb Kiv n Zv e emvq wewfbœ ikg mdjzv Avm Z _vkvq wzwb bzzb bzzb e emv cöwzôvb Ki Z _v Kb Zuvi e emvi mdjzv m ^ Ü dv wmwkdwiwu e vsk wjwg U Wi

159 158 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z ZrKvjxb Gmwfwc Lv `Kvi gwndwïb GK wbe Ü wj Lb GwU cökvwkz n qwqj 2000 mv ji 11 g cöavbgš x kl nvwmbv KZ K AvbyôvwbKfv e RW. GBP. wmk`vi KvwW qvk Kqvi A vû wimvp m Uvi D Øvab Dcj ÿ cökvwkz µvoc Î, ÔRqbyj nk wmk`vi, GKwU cöwzôvbõ kxl K wbe Ü j Lb, ÔRbve wmk`vi mv ne m ú K jlvi a ózv Avgvi bb, ïay Zuvi AmsL Kg KvÐ _ K `yõpviwu K_v ejvi Póv KiwQ gvî Rbve wmk`vi e emvrxe b GKRb AZ ší mdj e emvqx wzwb wi qj G U I Kb ªvKkb e emv qi GKRb Ab Zg AMÖ`~Z, wzwb GKRb mdj wkícwz Ges D ` v³v m ú~y evsjv `wk gvwjkvbvq vwcz evsjv ` ki cö_g cövb fu m±i e vs Ki GKRb Ab Zg D ` v³v I cwipvjk wmk`vi wq jb RvwZi RbK e½eüz kl gywreyi ingv bi NwbôRb `i g a GKRb 1971 mv j e½eüzi AvnŸv b mvov w` q `kgvz Kvi Uv b wzwb gyw³hy mwµqfv e Ask bb Ges wewfbœ m± i mvnwmkzvi mv _ m yl hy AskMÖnY K i Rqjvf K ib `k ^vaxb nevi ci wzwb `k Movi Kv RI iæz c~y f wgkv cvjb K ib e½eüzi GZ NwbôRb n qi wb R K ÿgzv I cöpvi _ K `~ i ivl Z m Pó wq jb cöpviwegyl GB gvbylwu me mgq `k I gvby li Kj v Y wb R K wb qvwrz i LwQ jb 1975 mv ji 15 AvM i Kvjiv Z wkqymsl K `y wzkvix e½eüz I Zuvi cwievi K wbg gfv e nz v Kivi ci wzwb g bi `yt L G `k Q o Av gwikv P j wm qwq jb mlv bi mdj e emvqx wn m e wb R K cöwzwôz K ib e½eüz wbnz nevi 4 w`b ci wmk`vi mv ne Zuvi evwoi Avw½bvq 4wU Miæ RevB K i e½eüzi KzjLvwb K iwq jb ZLbKvi mg q GiKg `ytmvnwmk fv jvevmv cökvk Kivi g Zv jvk wqj `yj f GLv b D jøl _v K h ZrKvjxb wwwrgdavb Gi A bk Awdmvi Z_ msmö ni Rb m Abyôv b G mwq jb mvgwik Awdmvi `i Dcw wz Z wzwb gvijvbv K e½eüzi AvZ vi gvm divz Kvgbv K i gybvrvz cwipvjbv Kivi wb ` k w` qwq jb mkj cökvmwbk I mvgwik fq D cÿv K i mw`b wzwb e½eüzi KzjLvwb

160 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 159 cvjb K iwq jb e½eüz K G Zv Mfxifv e fv jvevm Zb h, e½eüz wbnz nevi ci 12 ermi ch ší wzwb d v i weqvbv K i kqb Ki Zb e½eüz K fv jvevmvi Kvi Y ZrKvjxb mvgwik mikvi Zuv K MÖdZviI K iwqj wkš AvcÖvY Póv K ii Zuvi weiæ Kv bv gvgjv iæry Kiv Z cv iwb, Ae k l Zuv K mm v b gyw³ w` Z eva nq wzwb mvgwik Awdmvi `i nvrvi cö kœi DË i GKwU K_vB e jwq jb, ÔAvwg G `k K fv jvevwm Ges GKwU ^vaxb `k Dcnvi `evi Rb e½eüz K fv jvevwmõ wmk`vi mv ne GKRb Av cvlnxb e w³z wzwb Rxe b e w³mz jv fi Rb KLbI bxwzi m ½ Av cvl K ibwb AvcvZZ: ` wó Z g b nq wzwb GKRb ivmx gvbyl wkš GB ivmx gvbylwui i q Q AZ ší GKwU Kvgj ü`q Zuvi gb mvm ii g Zv wekvj Ges AvKv ki g Zv D`vi evsjv ` ki Ae nwjz gwnjv Rb Mvôx K DbœZ mev`v bi j ÿ wzwb gwnjv gww Kj K jr vcb K i Qb d j cöwz eqi GLvb _ K cöpzi gwnjv Wv³vi m wó n Q m Rb MvUv RvwZ Zuvi Kv Q K ZÁ _vk e Avgv `i ` k wmk`vi mv n ei P q eû weëevb jvk i q Qb, wkš gvbekj v Y wmk`vi mv n ei g Zv A_ e q Kivi jvk LyeB weij Rqbyj nk wmk`vi GKwU bvg, GKwU BwZnvm, GKwU wkse`wší, GKRb ÿyrb v cyiæl hy M hy M mgvr ms v ii Rb, gvbezvi Kj v Yi Rb, Ae nwjz gvbe Mvôx K mnvqzv Kivi Rb GiKg gnvgvbe Rb jvf K i _v Kb Rbve wmk`vi evsjv ` ki ü` ivmx `i DbœZ wpwkrmv mev cö`v bi Rb RW. GBP. wmk`vi KvwW qvk Kqvi A vû wimvp m Uvi vcb K i ü` iv Mi wpwkrmv mvaviy gvby li Avq Ëi g a G b w` q Qb GLb Avi ` ki ü` ivmx `i DbœZ wpwkrmvi Rb KóvwR Z gỳ ªv e q K i we ` k h Z n ebv AZ ší cwikög I A_ e q K i Rbve wmk`vi G ` ki mvaviy gvby li Rb DbœZ wpwkrmvi e e v K i Qb, mrb Avgiv gnvb Avjøvn&Zvjvi Kv Q Zuvi `xn Rxeb I mȳ ^v Kvgbv KiwQ Zuvi g Zv jvk eu P _vk j `k I RvwZ AviI A bk jvfevb n eõ

161 160 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z (m~î : Souvenier on the occasion of formal inauguration of Z. H. Sikder Cardic Care & Research Centre by Honourable Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina.) e½eüzi g Zz i ci Rvm `i MYevwnbxi GKwU MÖæc wmk`vi mv n ei evwo Z hvq GKiKg Rvi K ib wmk`vi mv n ei jvb mýk Z ˆea PviwU A wb q hvq A jv nj Uz-Uz evi ivb dj, 320 evi A Uv gwuk e `yk, wc Íj Ges wifjevi ciez xkv j jvb mýk Z A wb q hviqv m ^ Ü _vbvq wrww K ib wmk`vi mv ne Rvm `i Kg xiv fvizxq nvbkwgk b AvµgY K i mgi mb K wrw Ki Z Pvq mb Acvik b e eüz wifjeviwu wqj wmk`vi mv n ei evwo _ K biqv A H NUbvq K b j Zv n ii `yb fvb hy³ wqj nvbkwgk bi iÿx `i wj Z GK fvb AvnZ Ae vq cywj ki nv Z aiv c o Aci fvb I Av iv wzb Rb gviv hvq h nzz Av MB A m ^ Ü _vbvq wrww Kiv n qwqj ZvB wifjeviwu Kv U i gva g wmk`vi mv ne diz cvb Av gwikv hviqvi cö wz Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv ne g b K ib, h gvbylwu Zuvi mviv Rxeb wb Ri I cwiev ii mylkvwší, Avivg-Av qk Z vm K i evovwji ewâz AwaKvi wdwi q Avbvi Rb Av `vjb msmövg Kivi Kvi Y Rj L U Qb, kvmk köwyi wbh vzb mn K i Qb, whwb g Zz i gy LvgywL `uvwo q evovwj I evsjvi ^vaxbzvi Rb wb Ri Rxeb evrx i L gyw³hy i WvK w` qwq jb, huvi Wv K G ` ki jÿ jÿ `k cöwgk gvbyl cwievi I AvcbRb Q o cvwk Ívb kvmk Mvôxi weiæ gyw³hy AskMÖnY K i gnvb gyw³hy i gva g we k i ey K AR b K i Q ^vaxb evsjv `k bvgk GKwU mve fšg RvwZivóª mb evovwj RvwZi wczv e½eüz kl gywreyi ingvb K G ` ki bicï köwyi gvbyl Õ75-Gi 15 AvM nz v Ki Z cv i, GwU Zuvi KíbviI evb i GwU RvwZ wn m e e½eüzi cöwz Avgv `i Pig AKZ ÁZvi cökvk G Z evovwji cöwz m wó nq wmk`vi mv n ei N Yv

162 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 161 h nzz wmk`vi mv ne GKRb gyw³ hv v, `k ^vaxb Kivi Rb msmwvz gyw³hy wzwb A a i hy K i Qb, e½eüz kl gywreyi ingv bi m ½ wmk`vi mv n ei Nwbó m úk wqj Ges kl gywr ei g Zz i ci wmk`vi mv n ei evwo Z `vqv I wgjv` gvnwd ji Av qvrb Kiv n qwqj m nzz Õ76-G wrqvi mvgwik mikvi Zuv K nb v Kivi D Ï k webv Aciv a MÖdZvi K i R j cvvvq AZtci Rj _ K wbiciva cögvwyz n q ewi q G m e½eüz K nz v Ges ciezx NUbvmg~ ni cöwz ÿzä n q e w_z ü` q `k Q o Av gwikv hviqvi wm vší wb jb 1980 mv ji m Þ ^i gv m wmk`vi mv ne mcwiev i Av gwikv P j hvb Av gwikvq e emv cömv ii cvkvcvwk wzwb mlv b wel vz mb&pzix wek we` vjq _ K 1986 mv j e emvq cökvm b œvzk wwwmö AR b K ib c i BDwmGjG wek we` vj qi AvBb wel q œvzk Kv m fwz nb wkš e emvwqk cö qvr b ` k NbNb Avmv-hvIqvi Kvi Y GK eqi Aa qv bi c i Leave of Absence wb q i L Qb Av gwikvi jm A v Ä j m (1982) Rqbyj nk wmk`vi I g bvqviv wmk`vi

163 162 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Av gwikvq Mgb I evwo Kbv wmk`vi mv ne evsjv `k _ K Av gwikvi jm A v Äj m wm q cö_ g GKwU fvov evwo Z _vkv ïiæ K ib fvov evwo Z wkqzw`b _vkvi ci wmk`vi mv ne Av gwikvi my `i I g bvig cwi ek ` L evwo µq Kivi Rb wm vší bb eo Q j wmk`vi mv ne K nvrvi Wjvi g~ j gvsvwi AvKv ii h evwo `Lvw Qj Zvi GKUvI wmk`vi mv n ei cq ` nw Qj bv GKw`b cwiev ii m`m `i wb q Q j WªvBf K i gwjøkv wnj w` q jm A v Ä j m gviwe vq mgy `ªi cv o hviqvi mgq gviwe vq GKwU evwo weµ qi weáwß Mvwoi fzi _ K ` L wmk`vi mv ne evwowui mvg b Mvwo _vgv Z e jb Palms Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA wvkvbvi GB evwoi evb ii PvKwPK ` L cq ` n j wzwb evwowu µq Ki Z B Qv cökvk K i evwoi gvwj Ki M Ui mvg b Av mb Kwjs e ji k ã Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii Av gwikvi evwo, wzwb Av gwikvq M j GB evwo ZB Ae vb K ib

164 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 163 evwoi gvwjk G m `uvov j wmk`vi mv ne evwowu µq Ki Z AwfcÖvq cökvk K i evwoi g~j Rvb Z Pvb ZLb evwoi gvwjk `vg e jb 3 jÿ Wjvi, wmk`vi mv ne e jb Avwg evsjv `k _ K G mwq, evwowu Avgvi cq ` n q Q Avcbv K Avwg mvqv jvl Wjvi `e Gici evwoi gvwjk Kwg q e jb AvovB jvl Wjvi, wmk`vi mv ne e jb `o jvl Wjvi Zvici evwoi gvwjk e jb `yb jvl Wjvi wmk`vi mv ne e jb GK jÿ Avwk nvrvi Wjvi ZLb evwoi gvwjk e jb Avcwb 1 jvl 85 nvrvi Wjv i evwowu µq Ki Z cvi eb wmk`vi mv ne ivwr n q GK jÿ cupvwk nvrvi Wjv i gviwe vq H evwowu µq K ib wmk`vi mv ne Av gwikvi GB evwo Awdm wn m e GLbI e envi Ki Qb Av gwikvq emevm Kivi Rb Beaverly Hills Fr 1130 b ^ i wzwb Avi GKwU evwo µq K i Qb GQvov wmk`vi mv ne Av gwikvq AviI A bk jv evwo µq Kivi gva g Av gwikv Z wi qj G U e emv ïiæ K ib Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii Av gwikvi evwo

165 164 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z mlv b wzwb cyi bv evwo µq K i cyyt givgz Kivi ci wewµ K i e emv cwipvjbv Ki Z _v Kb GLbI Av gwikvq wmk`vi mv n ei gvwjkvbvaxb QqwU evwo Av Q G jv Zuvi wi qj G U e emvi evb i e w³mz e env ii Rb i L Qb Av gwikv wm q wmk`vi mv ne evwo µq-weµq K i e emv Kivi cvkvcvwk cöwzôv K iwq jb Avg`vwb I ißvwbi e emv cöwzôvb Zrmn evsjv ` ki cvkvk ˆZwi K i Av gwikv Z weµ qi e e v I GbvwR wwªs Ki Kv úvwb cöwzôv K i Qb GQvovI Gas Station I Automatic Car Washing-Gi e emvi ïiæ K ib Av gwikv Z GK GK K i gvu 8wU Gas Station I 12wU Automatic Car Washing Centre-Gi e emv Av Q Zuvi Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii Av gwikvi evwo Dciš Av gwikv I we k i AviI K qkwu kn ii wewfbœ v b K qkwu i nvdr Av Q

166 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 165 Av gwikvi j bv wnj& m wmk`vi MÖæ ci M vm kb Av gwikvi j bv wnj& m wmk`vi MÖæ ci Kvi Iqvk Av gwikvq Kv bv Kv bv kn i Kv jv Av gwikvbiv c Uªv ji `vg bv w` q P j hviqvi gz NUbv cövqkb N U wmk`vi mv n ei cv úi G ikg NUbv GKevi N UwQj wmk`vi mv ne muv K wepÿyzvi m ½ gvkv ejv K ib GKw`b GK Kv jv (wb MÖv) wmk`vi mv n ei GKwU

167 166 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z cv ú _ K c Uªvj wb q `vg bv w` q P j hviqvi Póv Ki j cv úi jvk `i Pv L aiv c o Zuviv jvkwu K AvUK K i i L wmk`vi mv ne K Rvbvq wmk`vi mv ne G m jvkwui mv_x K cvwv q UvKv Avwb q cuªv ji wej cwi kva Kwi q Q o `b Gici _ K wmk`vi mv n ei Kv bv cv úb Gai bi NUbv Avi N Uwb b vkbvj e vsk cöwzôv I cövmw½k wkqz K_v 1983 mv ji cö_g w` K ZrKvjxb evsjv `k mikvi emikvwi Lv Z bxwzmzfv e e vsk cöwzôvi wm vší bq GiB avivevwnkzvq ` ki wewkó e vskvi Gg nvq`vi PŠayix Av gwikv cöevmx Rqbyj nk wmk`vi K b vkbvj e vs Ki cwipvjk niqvi Rb cö Íve K ib wmk`vi mv ne ` ki ^v _ G cö Íve MÖnY K ib b vkbvj e vs Ki ZrKvjxb Gw wkdwuf fvbm cöwm W U I ciezx Kv j g v bwrs WvB i±i G Avi nvijv`vi b vkbvj e vsk cöwzôv Ges wmk`vi mv n ei e vsk cwipvjbvq ewjô f wgkv m ^ Ü GK wjwlz wbe Ü Rvbvb h, Some people come to your life as Blessings, Some as Lessons Mother Teresa Avwg AvR hvi K_v ej ev wzwb Avgvi Rb GKvav i Blessings, Ab w` K Lesson I e U wzwb evsjv ` k e emv RM Zi GK D¾ j bÿî Rbve Rqbyj nk wmk`vi wekvj e emv-evwyr gvwjk wzwb, `k-we ` k Qwo q _vkv Zvi e emvi g a Av Q e vswks, BÝÿ iý, cviqvi Rbv ikb, Avi Avi Gwf qkb, gww Kj K jr, UKwbK vj BDwbfvwm wu, wi qj G U, nv Uj, i z i U, wi mvu cöf wz Z e Avwg Zvi e vcv i Avgvi h AwfÁZvi K_v ej ev Zv Avwg mâq K iwq b vkbvj e vs K Avgvi PvKwii myev ` G e vs Ki Rb jmœ _ KB Gi m ½ Nwbôfv e RwoZ wzwb Ges ez gv b G e vs Ki Pqvig vb I gri kqvi nvìvi b vkbvj e vsk wjwg UW-G Avwg hvm`vb Kwi 14 GwcÖj 1983, A_ v r G Kev ib cöwzôvj Mœ Avgvi c` wqj Executive Vice President Ges H mg q GwUB wqj Managing Director-Gi ci m ev P c` cöm½z D jøl h, G e vs Ki cöwzôvzv Rbve Gg. nvq`vi PŠayix

168 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 167 cö_g Managing DirectorI wq jb G e vsk cöwzôvi e vcv i Avgvi Kvb f~wgkv wqjbv, d j Director mv ne `i m ½I Avgvi c~e cwipq Zgb GKUv wqjbv Z e e vs Ki `vwqz cvjb Ki Z wm q Av Í Av Í Zuv `i m ½ cwipq n Z _v K wkš G ÿ ÎI wmk`vi mv n ei m ½ cwipq n qwqj mvgvb B Z e Ab vb Director mv ne, hviv Zv K Av M _ K wpb Zb, Zviv wmk`vi mv n ei m ½ Zv `i AwfÁZvi e vcv i A bk Avjvc Ki Zb G ÿ Î Avgvi Kv Q GKwU welq AZ ší úó n qwqj h, mevb Zuvi e vcv i mgxn mnkv i K_vevZ v ej Zb e vsk ïiæi K qk gv mi g a B Av iv GKwU NUbv wmk`vi mv ne m ú K Rvb Z Avgv K mvnvh K iwq jv msÿ c NUbvwU Ggb wmk`vi mv ne Zuvi R ôv Kb vmn e vs Ki Managing Director mv n ei P ^v i wm qwq jb ZLb mlv b evsjv `k e vs Ki GKRb wmwbqi Awdmvi Dcw Z wq jb wmk`vi mv ne f`ªzv K i H Kg KZv i ms M KvR kl Kivi Rb ej jb Ges wzwb ZZÿY A cÿv Ki eb e j Rvbv jb wkš wmk`vi mv n ei K_vi Ôgg Õ Dcjwä Ki Z e _ n q GgwW mv ne wmk`vi mv n ei ms MB Av M ÔKvRÕ mvivi cö Íve `b, hvi ggv _ wmk`vi mv ne K ZvovZvwo we`vq K i `Iqv wmk`vi mv ne, GUv Zvi Rb wkqzuv Aghv `vki e jb a i wb jb ïiæ Ki jb ÔKvRÕ-Gi Avjvc! wkš Avjvc `yõgk wgwbui Pj jv bv! wmk`vi mv ne Ggb fvlvq ÔAvjvcÕ ïiæ Ki jb, hv GgwW mv n ei Rb I ÔmyLKiÕ bq, Ges evsjv `k e vs Ki Kg KZv i Rb I weeªzki! ZvrÿwYKfv e Avjv ci mgvwß U b m hvîvq cwiw wz mvgvj `b GgwW mv ne Z e G NUbvq GKwU wkÿvi n qwq jv GgwW mv ne Z_v e vs Ki Ab mk ji e vs Ki cö_g _ KB wkqz Director mv ne `i ms M wkqz fzj eysveyws PjwQj GgwW mv n ei w`b w`b `~iz evo Z _v K Managing Director Ges Director mv ne `i g a kl ch ší Zv Ggb chv q cšuqvq h A b KB Zv K GgwW c` _ K Ae vnwz w` Z cö wz biqv

169 168 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z ïiæ K ib GK ch v q AvwgI G NUbvi m ½ Rwo q cwo GgwW mv n ei we ivax MÖæcwU Avgv K GgwW niqvi cö Íve `q Avgvi e³e wqj GgwW niqv Zv `~ ii K_v, G e vs KB Avwg _vkebv, Ab e vs K P j hve Avm j Avgvi fq wqj h e vs Ki GB cöv_wgk Ae vq GgwW e`j n j e vskwu KwVb mgm vq co e, GgbwK Zvi Aw ÍZ I wecbœ n Z cv i GB `jv`wj Z wmk`vi mv ne GgwW nvq`vi PŠayix mv ne K mg_ b w` qwq jb GgwW mv ne K Acmvi Yi Rb evw wgwus `Iqv nq 1984 m bi 8 RyjvB ejv 3Uvq Avwg `ouv/`yõ Uvi w` K wmk`vi mv ne K Uwj dv b Aby iva Kwi hv Z, GgwW mv ne K AcmviY Kiv bv nq GwU Avgvi Rxe b wmk`vi mv ne K cö_g Uwj dvb ciezx Kv j e vs Ki wewfbœ mgm v gvkv ejvi ^v _ ` k we ` k Zv K h KZ kz mnmªevi Uwj dvb K iwq, Zvi BqËv bb Avm j GgwW mv n ei e vcv i Zv K ejvi cö qvrb wqjbv, Z e Avgvi wpšívaviv Zvi Kv Q cwi vi Kiv cö qvrb wqj hvk, GK ch v q `yõcÿb Z`vbxšÍb Gikv` mikv ii gš x e vwi vi gi`ỳ Avn g` mv n ei P ^v i mgm v mgvav bi j ÿ Av jvpbvq e mb Av jvpbv PjvKvjxb mvgvb wkqz Av jvpbvi cib GgwW mv n ei we ivaxc ÿi GK AZ ší iæz c~y m`m K Rvgv a i U b evb i wb q Av mb wmk`vi mv ne Zvi GB AvµgYvZ K AvPi Y fo K hvb we ivax cÿ mg SvZvi gva g mgm v mgvav bi Póv hlb PjwQ jv, ZLb GgwW mv ne GK gv mi QzwU bb Ges QzwU k l c`z v Mi cö Íve `b G cö Íve wmk`vi mv n ei gbtcyz bv niqv m Ë I e vs Ki e nëi ^v _ wzwb Zv g b bb GmeB 1984 m bi AvM - m Þ ^i gv mi NUbv Gici Avgvi GgwW wn m e e vsk Pvjvevi cvjv nvq`vi PŠayix mv n ei c ÿi WvB i±imy Avgvi GgwW nevi e vcv i wbi cÿ wq jb, Z e wmk`vi mv n ei e vcvi m ú~y Avjv`v Zvi cöz ÿ Ges

170 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 169 c ivÿ mg_ bb wqj Avgvi g~j PvwjKvkw³ e vs Ki wewfbœ mgm vi mgvavb Ges iæz c~y wm vší MÖnY mewkqzib PzovšÍ myivnv n Zv wmk`vi mv n ei ˆeVKLvbvi d v i, Kv c U e m KLbI Avwg GKv, Avevi KLbI _vk Zb Ab vb WvB i±imy WªBs iæ gi mvdv Q o GB ÔKv c UÕ emvii GKwU BwZnvm Av Q wmk`vi mv ne wq jb e½eüzi AZ ší Nwbô 1975 mv ji 15 AvM i ggv wšík nz vkv Ði cöwzev` ^iƒc wmk`vi mv ne mb w`b _ KB `vgx Lvevi LvIqv Q o `Iqvi mv _ mv _ em Zb Ges Nygv ZbI d v i, mvdvq, LvU cvjs K bq Zvi m ½ wg j AvgivI d v ib emzvg b vkbvj e vs K wmk`vi mv n ei GB h e wzµgx Ae vb, Zvi KviY Zuvi wkqz PvwiwÎK ˆewkó, hgb, gav, cöli e w³z, AZ ší DuPz gvîvi AvB wkd, kvwyz hyw³ Ges Zvi mb AvµgYvZ K Dc vcb huv Zvi wb Ri fvlvq My hands move faster than my mouth GUv h KZ Kg Pvix fz³ fvmx gvîb Zv Rv bb Ges GUv cö qv Mi AvksKvqB Kv hv vi n Zv, Zv ev Í e cö qv Mi cö qvrb n Zv bv A bk ÿ ÎB Ab Avi GKwU KviY n jv Zvi ˆbwZKZv Ges mzzv GKevi e vs Ki Kvb Kv R wzwb wkqz UvKv LiP K iwq jb, UvKvUv wzwb Ggwb w` j wb eb bv f e `yb GKRb WvB i±i mv n ei civg k w`jkzkv kvlvi Awdmviiv Zvi e vsk GKvD U UvKvUv Rgv K i w` jb, hvi cwigvy GK jÿ UvKv GKvD Ui U g U ` L wzwb Zv iv M AwMœkgv, Ae v mvgvj w` Z e vsk m A_ Zvi GKvD U WweU K i diz wb qwqj kzfvm wbqgbxwz g b G UvKv `Iqv nqwb e jb wzwb Zv MÖnY K ibwb e vs Ki wewfbœ mgm v we kl K i ev W i iæzi mgm v mgvav b wmk`vi mv n ei f~wgkv wqj me P q iæz c~y Kv RB wzwb ` ki evb i A_v r Av gwikvi jm A v Äj m _vk ji mlvb _ KB Zv K e vs Ki cö qvr b XvKv Avm Z n q Q eûevi cöm½z D jøl h, wmk`vi mv ne ZLb Av gwikvq _vk Zb Ges mlv bb e emv Ki Zb jm A v Äj m K qkwu M vm kb Ges Kvi Iqvk wk b m jvb Pvjvw Q jb `k Q o hvevii BwZnvm

171 170 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Av Q 1975-Gi 15 AvM e½eüz mcwiev i wbnz nevi ci G ` ki DciB Zvi gb D V wm qwqj wzwb GKRb gyw³ hv v, whwb mivmwi hy K i Qb e½eüzi m ½ wqj Zvi eûw` bi NwbôZv, e½eüz Zv K kö vi Ki Zb, wmk`vi mv ne wq jb mb mvgvb K qkrb e w³ `i g a GKRb, hv `i m ½ e½eüz ÔAvcwbÕ K i K_v ej Zb e½eüzi G nb ggv wšík g Zz wzwb g b wb Z cv ibwb ZvB GKw` K hgb `k Q owq jb, Ab w` K ˆ`bw `b Rxeb hvc bi ÿ ÎI wzwb Avivg-Av qk Z vm K iwq jb, h K_v Av MB e jwq hvk, e vs Ki ik W GB jm& A v ÄjmB wqj Zvi vqx wvkvbv Ges GLvb _ KB wzwb e vs Ki cö qvr b XvKv G m Qb evievi me w`k we epbv K i ev W GKevi cö Íve I V h Zv K e vsk _ K wbqg gvwdk wug/wwg `Iqv nvk wkš wmk`vi mv ne G ai bi Kvb wug/wwg wej wb Z A ^xk wz Rvbvb m ú~y wb jyl ˆbwZK Pwi Îi AwaKvix wmk`vi mv ne Avw_ K e vcv ii wq jb wbqgwbô hlbkvi K_v ejwq ZLb A_v r 1980-Gi `k K cövb fu e vs Ki D ` v³v cwipvjke ` kz mv c ÿ Zuv `i wbr ^ e vsk _ K jvb wb Z cvi Zb b vkbvj e vs Ki A bk cwipvjki e vsk _ K G ai bi FY myweav wb Zb Ges m Z i LvwZ i ej ZB n e h Gme ÿ Î A bk mg qb wbqgbxwz cy ivcywi cvjbi Kiv n Zv bv Gme e vcv i wmk`vi mv ne wq jb D jøl hvm e wzµg, G e vsk _ K wzwb Kvb FY myweav MÖnY K ibwb Avm j e vsk jv bi cöwzb wqj Zvi Abxnv, bm` UvKvqB e emv Ki Zb wzwb, Avi bm` UvKv bvbvb d g wb Ri Kv QB i L w` Zb wzwb, e vs K Zgb GKUv RgvI ivl Zb bv b vkbvj e vsk wjwg U Wi cöwzôvjmœ _ KB Gi Pqvig vb wq jb ^bvgab e w³z W. G Avi gwjøk whwb PÆMÖvg wek we` vj qi fvbm P v Ýji _vkv Ae vq Avgv `i gyw³hy Amvgvb Ae`vb i L Qb, Avevi ^vaxbzvi c i wq jb fvi Z wbhy³ evsjv ` ki nvb Kwgkbvi Ges c i evsjv ` ki wkÿvgš x G nb W. gwjø Ki ms M mswkøó `yõgkuv NUbv ey bv Kiv n j b vkbvj e vs K wmk`vi mv n ei Ae vb

172 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 171 Ges Zvi Kg KŠkj m ú K wkqzuv aviyv cviqv hv e Z`vbxšÍb g v bwrs WvB i±i nvq`vi PŠayix mv n ei c`z v Mi e vcv i Zvi mg_ K `i GKUv aviyv e g~j nq h Pqvig vb W. gwjøk mv ne GgwWi mg_ b Kvb Rviv jv D ` vm MÖnY K ibwb Ges MÖnY Ki j GgwW mv ne K Gfv e c`z vm Ki Z n Zv bv G ai bi aviyvi Kvb MÖnY hvm wfwë bv _vk ji A b KB Zv g b Ki Zb Ges GgwW mv n ei mg_ K wn m e wmk`vi mv n ei AwfgZI ZvB e j a i biqv n Zv wmk`vi mv ne g b Ki Zb h W. gwjø Ki g Zv GKRb DPzugv ci gvbyl e vs Ki Pqvig vb _vkv GKwU B g Ri e vcvi Ges e w³mz ÿv fi Kvi Y Zv K G c` _ K ev` `Iqv wvk n ebv wzwb mivmwi GK_v bv e j KŠk j e vcviwu Gwo q hvevi ev iæz bv `Iqvi Póv KiwQ jb GB hlb Ae v ZLb mevb wg j wmk`vi mvn e KB e vs Ki Pqvig vb Kivi cö Íve w` jb, wkš Zv ZI ivwr n jb bv wmk`vi mv ne wzwb eis Pqvig vb mv n ei mg_ K wn m e cwiwpz cwipvjke ` K evmvq WvK jb GB D Ï k h, Zviv hb Pqvig vb mv n e K bv miv bvi e vcv i k³ Ae vb MÖnY K ib, hv Z wzwb we ivaxcÿ K evsv Z cv ib h, ev W `jv`wj eü K i mšnv` c~y m úk vcb ervq ivlvi ^v _ Pqvig vb K Acmvi Yi cö Póv _ K weiz _vk Z n e wkš e vcvi n jv D ëv, mg_ K cwipvjkmyi GB gzvgz w` jb h Pqvig vb mv ne K miv bvi e vcv i Zv `i Kvb AvcwË bb mg_ K cwipvjk `ii GB AbvcwËi A_ n jv h e vcviuvq mevb GKgZ Ges G e vcv i Avi ejvi wkqzb _v K bv Avm j mg_ K `i aviyv wq jv h wmk`vi mv nei Pqvig vb mv ne K miv Z Pv Qb, ZvB Zviv AbvcwË Rvwb q Qb G e vcv i Kv iv Kv iv ÿz`ª e w³ ^v_ I nq Zv RwoZ wqj hvk, wmk`vi mv n ei civg k Zv `i evsv bv m e n qwqj h Gai bi KvR Zv `i nvi g b biqvi mvwgj Ges Pqvig vb mv ne K ivlvi e vcv i kl ch ší wmk`vi mv n ei mg_ bi cviqv hv e d j G e vcviwu AvcvZZ GLv bb wgu jv

173 172 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z wkš e vcviwu gv UB kl n jv bv wfz i wfz i KvR PjwQj KvbvNylv ïbwqjvg h Avi Kvb N ivqv Avjvc bq, Gevi ev W B digvj cö Íve Avbv n e n jvi ZvB, GKw`b ivz 10-11Uv n e, ev W i m µuvwi Avgv K Rvbv jv h GKRb gvbbxq cwipvjk Pqvig vb mv ne K AcmviY msµvší GKwU cö Íve AvMvgx evw wgwus q G RÛv AvKv i Dc vc bi Rb Zv K bvwuk cvwv q Qb m ½ m ½ Avwg dv b wmk`vi mv ne K e vcviuv Rvbvjvg wzwb ZrÿYvZ Zvi evmvq Avgv K `Lv Ki Z ej jb AcmviY msµvší bvwu ki GKwU KwcI cviqv Mj, ZvB wb q nvwri njvg wmk`vi mv n ei evwo Z wkš KvR n q wm qwq jv Avgvi cšuqv bvi Av MB Avgvi Uwj dv bi GKUz c ib bvwuk`vzv cwipvjk mv ne wmk`vi mv n ei evmvq Avm jb evmvi MU bv Ly j Zv K iv Ívq `uvo Kwi q i L wzb Zjvi eviv `v _ K wmk`vi mv ne ej jb ÔP j hvi, Gg ww K W KwQ, hv Kivi mgqg Zv Ki evõ grvr ey S gv b gv b K U co jb wzwb e vcviwu wb q bvbvgylx Avjvc n jv wmk`vi mv n ei m ½ Pqvig vb mv ne K G Ae vq e vs K Zvi c ` ivlvi Rb wmk`vi mv n ei mg_ b cö qvrb Ges muv i L X K bq, mivmwi A_P wzwb Pqvig vb mv n ei we ivax MÖæ ci mg_ K e jb mk ji aviyv GB A ^w Ki Ae v KvUv Z wmk`vi mv ne GKwU kz Z_v civgk w` jb, hv Avm j KŠkjMZ kz n jv, Pqvig vb mv ne ^ Qvq c`z vm cî Rgv w` eb ev W i Kv Q, Avjvc Av jvpbvi ci e vs Ki e nëi ^v _ Zv K Pqvig vb wn m e _ K hvevi Aby iva Rvbv e evw mb Abyhvqx Pqvig vb mv ne c`z vm cî cöz vnvi K i wb q ^c ` envj _vk eb Pqvig vb mv ne K Gai bi cö Íve `Iqv wq jv weeªzki Ges Zv K ivwr Kiv bvi wqj KóKi hvk, ZeyI me wkqzb wmk`vi mv n ei cwikíbv g Zv m úbœ n jv djvdj, ciezx eqi ` kk W. gwjøk mv ne cövq wbwe ev ` b vkbvj e vs Ki Pqvig vb c ` Avmxb wq jb GLv b wmk`vi mv n ei e w³mz `yõgkwu ˆewk ó i e vcv i ms ÿ c wkqz ej Z PvB GKwU n jv cwikög Ges gvbyl K w` q KvR

174 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 173 Kwi q biqvi ÿgzv, d j w` bi KvR NÈvq Avi gv mi KvR mßv n Kwi q wb Z cv ib wzwb, hv GK K_vq Awek vm Avi GKwU n jv Zvi e emvwqk eyw Ges `~i`wk Zv Gme wkqzi d jb wzwb `ywbqv Rvov wewfbœ e emvq mgvbfv e mvdj AR b K i Qb GLv b Zvi IQ-Gi e vcv i wkqz ej Z PvB eqi `yõ qk AvM ch ší IQ-Gi wewfbœ j fj m ú K Avgvi Zgb Kvb aviyvb wqjbv, wkš eiveib Avgvi g Zv K i NwbôR bi Kv Q Avwg ejzvg h wmk`vi mv n ei IQ t 180 Ges 180 IQ ej Z wk evsvq m e vcv i Avgvi Kvb aviyvb wqjbv, A bk ewk evsv ZB GB msl vuv e envi KiZvg Avwg B`vwbs Kv j IQ-Gi e vcv i wkqz Z_ Avwg R bwq Zv Z `Lv hvq h gvby li Average IQ 70 _ K 130, IQ-Gi A ^vfvwek ch vq ïiæ nq 132 _ K, hv 30 jÿ jv Ki gv S gvî GKR bi _v K, Avi bvgkiv e w³ `i g a me P q ewk IQ n jv : ivwkqvb `vev P vw úqb ewe wdkvi Ges weávbx wbdub Ges w db nwks mi G `i IQ : Gi g a G me R bi wmk`vi mv n ei IQ-Gi msl vuv Avgvi Kv Q 180B _vk e, Kgv bvi cö qvrb g b KiwQ bv GB AwZ DPuz gvîvi IQ-Gi Rb B Zvi A bk AvPvi-AvPiY mvaviy gvby li Kv Q evamg nq bv Zvi KvR K ib Ggb Kvb jvk `Lv Ki Z Pv Qb, Zvi iæ g Xz K Ôm vi...õ e j Avi Ki ZB wzwb Zv K cöpzi ekvewk ïiæ Ki jb Dcw Z mevb Zv nzf ^! Avm j G mg q Zvi `Lv Ki Z Avmv, K_vi Uvb, gyl Pv Li fvefw½, Gme ` L gyn~ Z B wzwb ey S M Qb, Kv Ri e vcv i Kvb ev R ARynvZ wb q nvwri n q Q jvkwu mvaviy jvk nq Zv wgwbu cuv PK a i e vl v ˆKwdqZ ï b Zvici ekv ` eb, wkš wmk`vi mv ne ey S hvb g~n~ Z B Ges wm vš I bb mbfv eb! Zvi G ai bi IQ Avgiv ev W I cöz ÿ KiZvg Kvb cwipvjk nq Zv wkqz ejv gvî ïiæ K i Qb, Agwb wmk`vi mv ne Zv K agk w` q _vwg q w` Zb, Kbbv wmk`vi mv ne eys Z cvi Zb h kl ch ší H cwipvjk mv ne hv ej eb, Zv cq `bxq wkqz n e bv Avi G e vcv i cwipvjk `i g a Ggwc nvb A_ev mikvi g bvbxz R q U

175 174 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z m µuvwi c` ghv `vi cwipvjkb nvb, Kvb evq wepvi Ki Zb bv wmk`vi mv ne Avð h i e vcvi, Gai bi AvPiY Kivi c ii ev W i wm vší Zvi c ÿb _vk Zv wkš G nb wmk`vi mv nei cö qvr b ˆah ai Z Rvb Zb, mwnòzzvi cö`k b Ki Zb gvby li wec ` mvnv h i nvz evwo q w` Zb wbwø avq G ÿ Î kîæ-wgîi wepvi Ki Zb bv gvbyl wec `- Avc ` Zvi Kv Q hvq, GUv K wzwb Avjøvn&i ingz wn m eb `L Zb Avjøvn&i Dc i Zvi AMva wek vm Ges Avjøvn&i ingz jv fi Rb Zvi mev Z K cö Póv Z_v ÔBev`ZÕ wmk`vi mv n ei NwbôR bivb ïay G e vcvi jv Rv bb me k l, ivrbxwz wb q `yõgkwu K_v hv wzwb Ki Zb bv, wkš fv jvb eys Zb Ges RwoZI wq jb 1990 mv j Gikv` mikv ii cz bi ci wbev P bi Zvo Rvo Pj Q AvIqvgx jxm 15 eqi c i ÿgzvq hviqvi ^ cœ we fvi, 32bs evwo Z jv K jvkviy, a ib biqv n Q h AvIqvgx jxm mfv bîx kl nvwmbv n Qb ciezx cöavbgš x, B Zvg a B ` ki iæz c~y wm všíi biqv n Q Zvi m ½ civgk K i GB Ae vq bîx wmk`vi mv n ei m ½ `Lv Kivi B Qv cökvk K ib kl nvwmbv dwi`cy ii fv½vi AvIqvgx jxm bzv I msm` m`m Wv. KvRx Avey BDmyd Ges wkepi _ K wbe vwpz mvsm` Bwjqvm Avn g` PŠayix K wmk`vi mv n ei wbku cvvvb GB cö Íve wb q h, ÔAvwg PvPvi mv _ `Lv Ki Z hve, bv PvPv Avm ebõ wmk`vi mv ne Zv `i K Rvbv jb h wzwb wb R `Lv Ki Z hv eb Ges ciez x Z bîxi mv _ `Lv K ib, mv _ wqjvg AvwgI GB `Lv mvÿv Zi mgq N U hviqv `yõpvi U NUbv AwZ ms ÿ c ey bv KiwQ, hv _ K wmk`vi mv ne, bîx kl nvwmbv Ges Zuv `i m ú K i e vcv i wkqzuv aviyv cviqv hv e: 32bs evwowui c~e cv k GKwU j ^v ai bi iæg Av Q, Bwjqvm Avng` PŠayix ( bîxi AvZ xq Ges ez gvb Ggwc Rbve byi-b Avjg PŠayix I wb b PŠayixi giûg wczv) MU _ K wiwmf K i Avgv `i GB iæ g wb q hviqv n jv bîx Zv K em Z ej Qb wkš wmk`vi

176 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 175 mv ne em Qb bv, Kbbv Pqvi gvî GKLvbv, Avgvi Rb Avi GKLvbv Pqvi Avmvi cib wzwb em jb ` ki iæz c~y me Transfer Posting n Q bîxi m ½ Avjvc K i Z`vwbšÍb IG ˆZqeywÏb mv n ei e vcviuv Av jvpbvq G jv wmk`vi mv ne ILvb _ KB Zv K Uwj dvb Ki jb Avjv ci GK ch v q wmk`vi mv ne Uwj dvb awi q w` jb bîx K wzwbi IG mv n ei m ½ wkqz iæz c~y Avjvc m i wb jb Avjv c eysjvg, wmk`vi mv ne hfv e Pv Qb, e vcviuv mfv eb myivnv n jv e nëi dwi`cy i AvIqvgx jxm _ K hv `i K bwg bkb `Iqv n Q Zvi GKwU wj wmk`vi mv ne K `wl q Zvi gzvgz Rvb Z PvB jb bîx, wmk`vi mv n ei e³e Ñ` ji ^v _ Zzwg hv K w` e muvb wvk Av Q, Avgvi Kvb e³e bb bîx ZLb wmk`vi mv ne KB cöv_x niqvi cö Íve w` j wzwb ej jb, e½eüzi mgqi G ai bi cö Ív e ivwr nqwb, Avm j ivrbxwz Avgvi av Z mb e bv Av jvpbvi GK ch v q `jej wb q iæ g XzK Z PvB jb ÔRbZvi gâõ L vz GKRb m µuvwi, c i whwb GKwU AwZ iæz c~y `ß ii gš x n qwq jb nv Zi Bkvivq Zv K eviy Ki jb bîx ÔGK wgwbu K_v ej evõ Zvi Ggb cö Ív ei bîxi mvq wgj jv bv wmk`vi mv ne GK mgq f~wgkv QvovB gšíe Ki jb Ô Zvgvi `j Zv kõ Lv b Ki ewk Ggwc wmu cv e bvõ Ggb gší e nkpwk q M jb bîx KviY wr M m Ki ZB wmk`vi mv ne ej jb, ÔAvIqvgx jx Mi cöv_x iv Zv gv VB bb, Zviv gš x nevi Zv j mevb XvKvq, bzv- bîx `i evwo Z e m `ßi fvmvfvwm Ki QÕ bîx øvb gy L Pzc K i _vk jb GK ch v q B jkk b Li Pi UvKvi cökœ DwV q wmk`vi mv ne Avgv K wkqz UvKv w` Z ej jb bîx ej jb Ô_vK PvPv, GgwW `i A bk Amyweav _v K, Kv iv KvQ _ K wb q w` Z n e, Avevi hvi KvQ _ K wb eb, m A ea my hvm myweavi PvB Z cv iõ wzwb Kv bv UvKv wb jb bv bîxi Ggb mywe epbv cöm~z gšíe ï b Avgiv `yõrbb

177 176 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z fxly AevK njvg GLv b GKwU cv`uxkv `Iqv h Z cv i wmk`vi mv ne hgb AvksKv KiwQ jb ZvB n jv, 1991 mv ji wbev P b AvIqvgx jxm K civwrz K i ÿgzvq Av m wegbwc wmk`vi mv n ei mv _ bîxi Kv Q hviqvi Kvi Y 1993 mv j b vkbvj e vs Ki Gg wwi c` _ K wzb eq ii Rb AcmviY Kiv nq Avgv K Z e G wb q Avgvi Kvb ÿvf bb hw`i 1991 mv ji mb bîx ÿgzvq G m Qb wzb evi Ges AvRI wzwb gvbbxq cöavbgš x, Z e Avwg Avgvi `yt Li K_v Kvbw`b KvD K ej Z hvbwb Avm j cö qvrbi c owb, Avjøvn&i ing Z D V `uvwo qwqjvg Z e G e vcv ii gyl f wgkvq wq jb wmk`vi mv ne wzb eq ii wb laváv KvwU q evsjv `k e vs Ki Aby gv`b wb q dv wmwkdwiwu e vs K (ez gv b dv wmwkdwiwu Bmjvwg e vsk) A vwfvbrvi wn m e wb qvm _ K ïiæ K i wewfbœ e w³mz Z_v e emvwqk e vcv i wzwb Avgv K AviI h mnvqzv K i hv Qb, m Rb Avwg wpik ZÁ Gici Avgiv P j Gjvg, Z e bîxi Pwi Îi wkqz Abb ˆewkó wz Z fv ^i n q _vk jv (b vkbvj e vsk cöwzôv I cövmw½k K_v kxl K G ipbvwu wj L Qb wewkó e vskvi Rbve G Avi nvijv`vi) PvPvi cvupwu Dc `k Avgvi Pjvi c _i cv _q Rbve Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei mv _ `xn 21 eqi GKvšÍfv e KvR K i Qb b vkbvj e vs Ki ZrKvjxb Gwfwc I dv wmwkdwiwu e vs Ki cöv³b wmwbqi fvbm cöwm W U L `Kvi gwndwïb Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii mvwbœ a my`xn w`b _vkvi myev ` wmk`vi mv n ei Rxe bi A bk NUbvi wbie mvÿx wzwb K qkwu NUbvi wz PviY K i GK wbe Ü wzwb j Lb, ÔRbve Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei mvwbœ a Avmvi Avgvi my hvm nq 1985 mv ji ww m ^i gv mi 21 Zvwi L Avwg K wl e vs Ki PvKwi B Ídv w` q 1 ww m ^i 1985 mv j cö UvKj Awdmvi MÖU w_ª wn m e b vkbvj e vs K hvm `B Avgvi ckvmz `vwqz

178 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 177 wnmv e b vkbvj e vs Ki ZrKvjxb mwpe Rbve Rvdi nvwg` mv ne W K ej jb (21 ww m ^i 1984) Avgv `i cviqvidyj cwipvjk wmk`vi mv ne Av gwikv _ K wm½vcyi GqvijvBÝ-G XvKvq Avm eb, Zzwg Zv K wiwmf Kivi Rb wegvb e ` i hv e Avwg wb ` k g Zv hvevi cö wz bb wegvbe ` i wm q `wl b vkbvj e vs Ki ZrKvjxb g v bwrs WvB i±i nvijv`vi mv ne, wfwc kvrvnvb Kwei, Awdmvi wd ivr, wrnv`, Kvgvj kwid, AvwRR I wmk`vi mv n ei fvwzrv Gg G irv mn A b KB Dcw Z Av Qb wmk`vi mv ne Kv gm nvdm _ K ewi q G m `uvov jb GgwW mv ne I irv mv nemn mevb Zuv K K`geywP K i mvjvg Rvbvb AvwgI h_vixwz K`geywP Kwi Avwg wpšív Ki Z jvmjvg Gg G irv mv n ei gz jvk hv K K`geywP K i wzwb wbðb Lye kw³gvb jvk, KviY irv mv ne m ú K Avwg QvÎ Rxeb _ K ï bwq Zvi kw³, mvnm, ÿgzvi cwigvy BZ vw` m ú K A bk imvz K Mí ivr bwzk gn j cöpwjz wqj GgwW mv ne Avgv K e vs Ki bzzb cö UvKj Awdmvi wn m e cwipq Kwi q w` jb Avwg ZLb g b g b wm vší wb q djjvg GB ÔevNiƒcx gvbyluv KÕ Rq Ki Z n e Gici mevi KvQ _ K Rvbjvg wzwb LyeB ivmx, grvrx I mvnmx e w³ K qkw`b ci PÆMÖv g e vs Ki evw wgwus-gi w`b avh n jv mevi Rb wegvb wu K Ui e e v Kiv Ges PÆMÖv g mevb K Af _ bv Rvbv bvmn mkj cökvi Avc vqb Kivi `vwqz co jv Avgvi Ici mb myev ` wmk`vi mv n ei m ½ AviI 2/3 evi `Lv Kivi my hvm n jv PÆMÖv g hvevi ciw`b fvi ejv wzwb AvgvbZ kvn&, Mixe Djøvn kvn& I Avnvjøv `imv kixd wrqviz Ki Z ewi q co jb Avwg Dbvi mdi m½x nevi my hvm K i wbjvg `Ljvg wzwb LyeB mvaviy Avjøvi Iwj `i cöwz LyeB fw³ I kö v Dbvi g b weivr Ki Q Avwg Zvi mijzv ` L gy» n q Mjvg GB cö_gevi Dbvi mv _ ^vfvwekfv e gkvi my hvm nj AvMÖvev` kvlvq Zuvi GK fvwmbv QvU PvKwi Ki Zv,

179 178 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z wkš fvwmbvi cwipq w` Z wzwb KzÚv eva Ki jb bv Zuvi GB gnvbyfzv ` L kö vq Avgvi gv_v bz n q Mj e vs Ki cwipvjk wnmv e Zvi Pwi Î Kvb AnsKvi `L Z cjvg bv Zvi PvjPjb wqj mvaviy jv Ki g Zv GBfv e gjv gkvi myev ` GKw`b Zuvi wbku Av e`b Kijvg m vi, A b KB Avcbv K PvPv e j m ^vab K i, AvwgI Avcbv K m vi bv e j PvPv ej Z PvB wzwb wkqzÿy Pzc K i _ K ej jb, Kv bv gzje Av Q bvwk Avwg ejjvg Ôm viõ ej j Avcbv K Avcb g b nqbv, wkš PvPv ej j g b nq Lye Avcb KD Avcbv K hzb `LwQ, ZZB gy» nw Q ZvB Avcbv K PvPv e j m ^vab K i Avgvi ü` q kö vi Avm b vb K i ivl Z PvB AbygwZ cviqv Mj mb _ K mevi mv _ wzwbi Avgvi wmk`vi PvPv n q M jb Gici Dbvi mv _ eû RvqMvq mdi m½x n qwq, wewpî ai bi eû AwfÁZv AR b K iwq Zuvi KvQ _ K A bk wkqz c qwq, A bk wkqz wk LwQ wzwb ej Zb (1) mrfv e Pjvi Póv Ki e Zvn j Rxe b mzzvi kw³ Z me wkqz Rq Ki Z cvi e (2) w` bi KvR w` b kl K i dj e AvMvgx w` bi Rb wkqz d j ivl e bv (3) Mixe AvZ xq ^Rb `i K Ae njv Ki e bv (4) wczv-gvzv K fw³ K i Pj e (5) gvby li Amva Kvb wkqzb bb Avjøvn&i Dci fimv K i mzzvi mwnz Póv Ki j h Kvb wel q mdjzv Avm eb Zuvi GB Dc `k jv Avwg GLbI Aÿ i Aÿ i cvjb K i PjwQ AvRI Kvb mgm v n jb Zuvi Kv Q Qz U hvb civg k i Rb Zuvi mv _ KvR Ki Z wm q cöwzw`bb Kvb bv Kvb cixÿvi m ylxb n Z n q Q wkš Avjøvn& ZvAvjvi ing Z I Dbvi AZ wak Pv ci Kvi Y me cixÿv ZB mdjzvi mv _ DËxY n Z c iwq G cöm ½ `yõgkwu

180 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 179 welq D jøl Ki Z PvB GKevi Dwb wm vší wb jb KvVgÛz hv eb iv Z Avgv K evmvq W K ej jb AvMvgx Kvj 3Uvq d vbu, KvVgÛy hviqvi me e e v K i dj mevi cvm cvu wbjvg, nvvr Pv L coj Zuvi g q I b vkbvj e vs Ki cöv³b Pqvig vb cvifxb nk wmk`vi-gi cvm cv U i gqv` DËxY n q M Q Avwg ejjvg PvPv cvifxb Avcvi cvm cv U i gqv` bvb bzzb cvm cvu Ki Z n e, Avav ejvq wkfv e Ki ev wzwb ej jb Avgvi g q hv e, wkfv e Ki e Zzwg Rv bv, bv cvi j Zvgvi PvKwi bvb Avwg mwz B Lye bvf vm n q Mjvg Avwg iv Z cvm cvu -Gi mnkvix cipvjk Awj Djøvn mv n ei evmvq P j Mjvg Zv K me Ly j ejjvg ZLb cvm cvu Awdm gmevrv i nv Z jlv cvm cvu `qv n Zv wzwb me ï b ej jb h nzz Avcbvi PvKwii e vcvi ZvB `wl wk Ki Z cvwi Avgv K 8:30G Zvi Awd m h Z ej jb Avwg iv Z Gkvi bvgv Ri ci 2 ivkvz mvjvzzj nvrz bvgvr cojvg Ges gvbvrvz K i Avjøvn&i mvnvh PvBjvg Avgvi gv wkwl q Qb h Kvb wec ` mvjvzzj nvrz bvgvr co j dj cviqv hvq mkvj 8:30Uvq cvm cvu Awd m Mjvg mnkvix cwipvjk Awj Djøvn mv ne Zuvi wek Í GK wcib ^cb K W K ej jb, GLywb B vub mvbvjx e vs K wm q Most Urgent Fee Rgv w` q Receipt- Gi wcq b Avgvi K_v e j g v brvi mv n ei verified ^vÿi wb q P j Avm e Avwg UvKv w` q P j Mjvg Ges ejjvg 11Uvq cvm cvu PvB, wu KU KvU Z n e, Visa jvmv Z n e f q f q `vqv cowq Avi Avjøvn&i mvnvh cöv_ bv KiwQ wegvb Awd m wm q wu KU wkbjvg, 11Uvq cvm cvu Awd m Avmjvg `wl cvm cvu mb qi A cÿvq Av Q BwZg a wmk`vi PvPv K qkevi dvb K i Lei wb jb Ges Avgv K Pv ci g a ivl jb Avjøvn&i ing Z G cvm cvu nv Z cjvg wegvb e `i hvevi c _ Nepal Embassy _ K wfmv jvwm qwqjvg 2Uvi g a Gqvi cv U cš Q evwws KvW nv Z wb q PvPv K dvb Kijvg, me n q M Q Gqvi Þ G P j Av mb mw`b GB `yiƒn KvRwU Ki Z c i Avwg GZ Avbw `Z n qwq h fvlvq cökvk Kivi gz bq

181 180 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z wmk`vi PvPvi KvR mypviæiƒ c Kivi Rb Avgv K GK weij Public Relation Network M o Zzj Z n q Q ` ki Ggb Kvb cökvmwbk Awdm wqjbv hlv b Avgvi Public Relation wqjbv, GUv m e n q Q ïay wmk`vi PvPvi gvqvfiv kvmb I cöwz wgwb U Kv Ri d jvavc Kivi Rb wmk`vi PvPvi eo Y, hw` Dwb KvD K Kvb KvR Kivi AbygwZ `b ev Zuvi cviwgkb wb q Kvb KvR Ki j wzwb kl ch ší Zv `i cv k _v Kb I mvnvh K ib h Kvb cwiw wz Z AKc U `vq ^xkvi K i bb G cöm ½ `yõgkwu D`vniY bv w` j Zuvi PvwiwÎK ˆewkó m ú K A bk wkqz ARvbv _ K hv e b vkbvj e vsk-gi wkqz Awdmvi Zvi Kv Q wm q AbygwZ PvBj h Avgiv e vsk-g GKUv Awdmvi Kj vy mwgwz Ki Z PvB wzwb ej jb BDwbqb K i e vs Ki ev ivuv evrv e bv Zv mevb ejj Kg Pvix `i g½ ji Rb me e vs K GgbwK evsjv `k e vs KI Awdmvi Kj vy mwgwz Av Q ZLb wzwb ej jb fvj, hw` Ki Z cvi Zvn j Avgvi `vqv _vk e h_vixwz mikvwi wbqg Abyhvqx evmvi fvb K Kb fbvi K i Avgiv AviI 10/15 Rb m`m K i mikvwi `ßi _ K iwr ªkb biqv nj iwr ªk bi ci jevi Awdm _ K e vs K wpwv G jv Ges cwîkvq Lei cökvwkz nj mviv e vs K Zvjcvo ïiæ n q Mj wmk`vi PvPv Qvov Ab cwipvjkiv mevb Riæwi wgwus Ki jv GgwW mv ne K wb ` k w` jb mwgwzi me m`m K eilv Í Kivi Rb G nb cwiw wz Z Avgiv mevb Qz U Mjvg PvPvi evmvq wzwb ej jb GZ fq cviqvi wk Av Q Avwg hlb ûkzg w` qwq mwgwz Kivi Rb, ZLb `wl K wk K i K qk Rb cwipvjk Zuvi evmvq wm q e vcviuv wb q `b `ievi Ki jb wzwb ivl WvK bv K i e j w` jb, nu v Avwg e jwq I `i K mwgwz Kivi Rb Zvgiv cwipvjkiv hfv e e vskuv K Awbq gi g a Pvjv Qv, Zvgv `i K aivi Rb B mwgwz Ki Z e jwq wewfbœ cwipvj Ki Awd m LÐ LÐ wgwus Pj Q, bvbv cökvi cö Íve Avm Q wg Uz mv ne, G K Gg Zv ni mv ne, gvneyeyi ingvb Ms mevb GKmv _ Gevi Awdmvi `i K mv q Ív K i wmk`vi

182 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 181 mv ne K GK PvU wb eb wmk`vi mv ne GKv Zuvi mv _ ïay Gg Gm AvmMi mv ne Av Qb whwb B Zvg a Zuvi kqvi wmk`vi mv n ei Kv Q wewµ K i Av gwikvq P j M Qb evw wgwus-gi ZvwiL wba vwiz nj AvmMi mv ne Av gwikv _ K G jb Avgiv mwgwzi m`m MY GK ARvbv AvksKvq w`bvwzcvz KiwQ evw wgwus-gi Av Mi iv Z Avgiv PvPvi mv _ `Lv Ki Z Mjvg wzwb ej jb, Kvb wpšív Kiev bv hw` Lvivc wkqz nq Zvgv `i K 1 KvwU UvKv w` q `e Zvgiv e emv Ki e Avi cöwzgv m GKRb K i WvB i±i K iv Ívq cuv e I `i Awbqg Rbmg ÿ duvm K i w` e evw wgwus-gi w`b wmk`vi mv ne GKvB mkj cwipvj Ki weiæ j o evw wgwus G Kvb ÿwzki wm vší wb Z w` jb bv kz cöwzk~jzvi g a I wzwb Avgv `i K Kvb wec ` co Z `b bvb wzwb Avjøvn& Qvov KvD K fq K ib bv Ges hv K hv e jb, IUv mvg bb e jb GiKg A bk NUbv Av Q ïay GKUv NUbvi D jøl Ki Z PvB b vkbvj e vs Ki cwipvjkgðjxi m`m Avãyj AvDqvj wg Uy ZLb LyeB cöfvekvjx wzwb AvIqvgx jx Mi A_ DcKwgwUi AvnŸvqK niqvi Kvi Y Rb bîx kl nvwmbvi mv _ Nwbôfv e m úwk Z mßv n 2/3 w`b cöavbgš xi MYfe b jvâ/wwbvi K ib wbe vp b AvIqvgx jxm-gi Rb Puv`v Zz j Qb e vs Ki wewfbœ welq wb q nvvr GKevi wmk`vi PvPvi mv _ Zvi gz we iva `Lv w`j G mgq GKevi wg Uz mv n ei evev Amy n q wmk`vi gww K j Zuvi wpwkrmvi Rb fwz nb GKw`b we K j wg Uz mv n ei x I Zuvi gvzv nvmcvzv j Avm jb wg Uz mv n ei wczv K `L Z Zviv mvg b Avm ZB wmk`vi mv ne i M M jb wzwb ej jb, wg Uz K Avwg G Zv œn Kwi wkš m e vs Ki we iv a Rwo q c o Q G Z e vs Ki e vs Ki DbœwZ evavmö n Z cv i Zv K mveavb n Z e jv Zv K b v qi c ÿ _vk Z e jv Avgvi Kv Q bxwznxb jv Ki Kvb vb bb c ii w`b iv Z wg Uz mv ne Av iv `yb GKRb cwipvjk mn hv M PvPvi evmvq M jb PvPv K

183 182 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z ej jb, Avwg Zv Kvb Ab vq Kwiwb; Avcwb Avgvi Dci Ah_v ivm K i Av Qb PvPv ivmvwbœz n q ej jb Avwg Kvcyiæl bb Avwg Kv iv wcq b K_v ewjbv hv e jwq Zv gy Li Dci e jwq G K_v ïbvi ci wg Uz mv ne PvPv K D Ïk K i e jb Kvb fzj n q _vk j Avgv K gvd K i w` eb c ii w`b evw wgwus-g mewkqzi wggvsmv n q hvq G cöm ½ AviI GKwU NUbv bv ej jb nqbv wmk`vi mv n ei fvwzrv Gg G irv mv ne K wm MÖæc _ K G MÖæ c cwipvjk Kivi Rb G MÖæc kqvi nvìvi `i kqvi-gi m wzi Rb ^vÿi cö qvrb wmk`vi PvPv Avgv K W K ej jb, Zzwg Kvj PÆMÖv g hv e mlvb _ K K qkrb cwipvj Ki ^vÿi wb q mvrvmywr XvKvq P j Avm e Avwg ejjvg PvPv Awdm _ K QzwU bv wb q Station Leave Ki j Avgvi weiæ wkqz Ki e bv Zv? wzwb ej jb, Avwg ûkzg w`w Q, hvi Avwg `L ev Avwg 1st Flight G PÆMÖv g P j Mjvg 2/3 Rb cwipvj Ki ^vÿi MÖn Yi ci XvKvq Lei P j Avm jv cwipvjk `i KD GKRb GgwW mv ne K dvb K i wrávmv Ki jb B Zvg a cwipvjk nvweedjøvn mv ne I gvneyeyi ingvb mv ne GgwW I ZrKvjxb m µuvwi Rvdi nvwg` mv ne K ej jb gwndwïb K GLwb Suspend Ki eb webv AbygwZ Z PÆMÖvg hviqvi Rb Rvdi nvwg` mv ne wmk`vi PvPv K dvb Ki jb, m vi Pqvig vb mv ne gwndwïb K Suspend Ki Z e j Q wmk`vi PvPv ej jb, wvk Av Q K iv, Z e R b ivl h Suspend Letter h mb Ki e Avwg Zvi Wvb nvz K U i L `e iv Z PÆMÖvg _ K wd i PvPvi evmvq Mjvg, mlv b ZrKvjxb GgwW nvijv`vi mv ne Dcw Z PvPv wrávmv Ki jb, GgwW mv ne Avcwb e vs Ki GgwW Avcbv K hw` Avwg ewj GLb Kv_vI h Z n e Zvn j wk Avcwb hv eb bv? Pqvig v bi AbygwZi Rb A cÿv Ki eb? GgwW mv ne DËi w` jb, m vi Avcwb

184 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 183 ej j Avgvi Kv ivi AbygwZ wb Z n e Kb Zvn j ejyb gwndwïb wk Avcbvi Dc i, bv Avcwb Zvi Dc i? Avwg hw` gwndwïb K ewj Kv_ vi h Z ZviciI wk GgwW mv n ei AbygwZ jv M bvwk? GgwW mv ne ej jb, m vi gwndwïb wvk KvR K i Q Gfv e wzwb Aaxb Í `i AvM j ivl Zb

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195 194 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Rbmgv e k e jwq jb `wÿyvâ ji Rjv jvi Dbœqb I Lyjbvi cvu K euvwp q ivl Z XvKv I Lyjbvi mok c _i `~iz Kwg q Avbvi e e v wb Z n e GiB avivevwnkzvq XvKv-gvIqv-fv½v-Lyjbvi iv Ívi cö Ívebv e½eüz wb RB K ib KviY XvKv- `ŠjZw`qvi c_ w` q Lyjbvi hz `~iz XvKv-gvIqvi c_ w` q Lyjbvi `~iz cövq 100 wk.wg. Kg evsjv `k ^vaxbzvi ci 1972 mv j e½eüz kl gywreyi ingvb XvKv-gvIqv-Lyjbv mokc_ Kivi Rb mok I Rbc` wefv Mi GwWkbvj Pxd BwÄwbqvi wu gvjøv K úkvj cö R ±i `vwqz w` q KvR ïiæ Kivb A_ eq i XvKv-gvIqv-Lyjbv mokc _i gvwu KvUv I iv Ívi cö qvrbxq B Ui fvuvi KvR ïiæ nq wkš `yf vm ekz 15 AvM 1975 e½eüzi g Zz i ciez x mikvi jv iv Ívi KvR wmz K i Ges H GjvKvi Rb wbwg Z BU K Ab Kv R e envi Kiv ïiæ K ib Ges mwpe gvnvey¾vgvb iv Ívi AcÖ qvrbxqzvi Dci dvbj K i GKwU bvu K ib Ges iv Ív wbg vy Kivi m ½ mswkøó e w³ `i `vqx K i wi cvu K ib ZLb MvcvjM Äi Gw wkdwuf BwÄwbqvi Gg G evi iv Ívi cö qvrbxqzv Ges Dc hvwmzvi Dci 14 c ôvi GKwU cöwz e`b ˆZwi K ib mb cöwz e`bwu Rqbyj nk wmk`vi wrqv mikv ii Dc `óv dwi`cy ii mšívb AvKei Kwe ii gva g wrqvdi ingv bi wbku cušqvb ZLb iv Ív eü K i w` Z mwpe h D ` vm wb qwq jb Zv wmz nq `xn 21 eqi ci 1996 mv j kl nvwmbv ÿgzvq Avm j wczvi Amgvß i L hviqv KvR mgvß Kivi D ` vm bb Ges iv Ívi KvR cybivq ïiæ Kivb Ggwb Ae vq cö qvrb n q c o gviqv-kviovkvw ` b`x c _ cùv mzz wbg vy Kiv kl nvwmbvi mikvi cùv mzz wbg v Yi D ` vm bb Ges hvezxq cö wz wb q gviqv-kviovkvw ` b`x c _ 7 wk.wg. Gi ewk ˆ`N wewkó mzzi wfwë cö Íi vcb K ib 2001 mvj ch ší cùv mzz wbg v Yi cöwµqv Pjgvb wqj wkš ciez xkv j wegbwc mikv ii cuvp eqi Ges ZË veavqk mikv ii `yb eqi gvu mvz eqi cùv mzy wbg v Yi cöwµqv wmz _v K 2008 mv ji RvZxq wbe vp b AvIqvgx jxm Rqhy³ n q cybivq ÿgzvq

196 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 195 Avm j cöavbgš x kl nvwmbv cùv mzz wbg v Yi D ` vm bb, Ges wek e vs Ki mv _ A_ vq bi my hvm wb Z Pzw³e nb wek e vsk A_ w` Z ivrx nq, Ges mzz wbg vy GjvKvq wek e vs Ki wug cwi`k b K i wkš `wk-we `wk Pµv šíi Kvi Y wg_ v `yb xwzi Awf hvm Zz j A_ vqb Kiv _ K weiz _v K (hv ciez xkv j wg_ v wn m e cögvwyz nq) wek e vsk A_ w` Z Am wz Ávcb Ki j MYcÖRvZš x evsjv `k mikv ii gvbbxq cöavbgš x kl nvwmbv mzz wbg vy cöm ½ RvZxq msm ` e jb, ÔcÖ qvr b wbr ^ A_ vq b cùv mzz wbg vy Kiv n eõ wzwb NvlYv K ib Ôˆe `wkk gy`ªvi wirvf _ K Ges cöevmx evovwj `i cöwiz d ib iwg U Ýi mg_ b I `kxq weëevb `i A_ vq b GB cùv mzz wbg vy Kiv n eõ e½eüzi Kb v cöavbgš x kl nvwmbvi GB hymvšíkvix NvlYvi ci Rqbyj nk wmk`vi cwîkvi gva g cöavbgš x K Awfb `b Rvbvb wzwb Awfb `b Rvwb q e jb, ÔAvgiv wek vm Kwi Zuvi GB NvlYvq mvov w` q Õ71-Gi PZbvq mgmö evovwj RvwZ HK e n q GwM q Avm e Ges cùv mzz wbg v Yi e vcv i RvwZi RbK e½eüz kl gywreyi ingv bi ^cœ ev Íevq b cöavbgš x m Pó nb ^vaxb `k wn m e ciwbf ikxj bv n q cùv mzzi g Zv gmv cö R± wbr ^ m ú` w` q ev Íevqb Kiv n j ^vaxb RvwZ wn m e we k i `iev i Avgv `i gh v`v e w cv e, Ges Avgiv AvZ wbf ikxj RvwZ wn m e ^xk wz cv ev h RvwZ bq gv mi hy `k ^vaxb Ki Z cv i Zv `i Rb GiKg KvR m úbœ Kiv KwVb bqõ cùv mzz wbg v Yi Rb mikvi eû ev ww eâvi Bmy i g Zv D ` vm wb j Rqbyj nk wmk`vi wb R I Zuvi cwiev ii cÿ _ K 3 wgwjqb Wjv ii ˆe `wkk gy`ªvi eû µq K ib, Ges wbr D ` v M ` k I we ` k evovwj weëevb `i A_ vqb Ki Z civgk `b BUvwj Z emevmkvix kixqzcy ii K qk mnmª cöevmx `i AwR Z ˆe `wkk iwg UÝ ` k cvvv bvi Rb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Zuvi `yb cyî b vkbvj e vs Ki cwipvjbv cl `i `yb cwipvjk Rbve wik nk wmk`vi I ib nk wmk`vi Ges e vs Ki wwggww G KGg kwdkzi ingvb K BUvwj Z

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198 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 197 _vbj v Ûi dz K U wmk`vi MÖæ ci nv Uj A vû iwm WÝ Gwkqvb Lvevi ^v ` KB i z i U KB i z i U jm A v Ä jm _ K Aveyavwe ch ší GB i z i Ui mybvg Qwo q Av Q g~jz RvcvwbR mywki Rb cöwm n ji G i z i U g j Gwkqvb gbÿ AvšÍR vwzk gv bi G i z i Ui gv vigvbû e j L vwz i q Q GK evsjv `wki Zvi bvg wbk nk wmk`vi GKRb mdj wewb qvmkvix I D ` v³v wn m e wb R K Zz j wb q Qb Ab D PZvq KB i z i U Gwkqvb Lvev ii `Lv gjvi cq b Zvi Ae`vb Av jvwpz G i z i Ui wel vz Lvev ii K_v ej Z M j cö_ g Avm e ÔKB wµmwc ivbmõ Ges Ô úvbm UzbvÕ gvq I fv Zi GB mw jb evovwjqvbvi K_vB cö_ g g b Kwi q `q Lvev ii Gwkqvb ^v`b G i z i Ui Avjv`v ˆewkó n q `uvwo q Q GLv b gvq-fvz L Z Qz U Av mb wewfbœ ` ki gvbyl i z i UwU Z wfbœ ˆewPÎ c~y ^v `i Lvev ii j ^v ZvwjKv Av Q AwZw_ `i cq `i Lvevi GLv b cviqv hv ebv, GgbwU n Z cv ibv fvrv gvq QvovI GLv b Avjycywi,

199 198 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Av gwikvq wmk`vi MÖæ ci KB i z i U Uvevb BqvwK, BwPwgi m ½ wpwjqvb wm em I KB i z i U wbr ^ m di Abe` m~wk Zv i q QB Lvev i ˆewP Î i Kvi Y KB i z i Ui L vwz jm A v Ä jm cwi q cuš Q M Q jvm fmvm, wbdbqk, e vskk I Aveyavwe ch ší GB i z i UwU ïay ^v m Z Gwkqvb Lvevi cwi ek bb AwZw_ `i gb Rq K iwb, Gi m ½ hvm n q Q i z i Ui ` wób `b B Uwiqi I wqgqvg Lvevi cwi ek i z i U Avmeve I cwi Q `i AvwfRv Z i Quvqv i q Q h B Uwiqi wwrvbb Abyhvqx GB i z i U mvrv bv n q Q Zv K ejv nq Ô Rb BÝcvqvW Õ GLv b WvBwbs cwi ek we klfv e mgv` Z PvB j wcöqrb K wb q ÔK v Ûj jvbu wwbviõ mvi Z cvi eb nwjd Wi hk-l vwzi m ½ wgj i L GLvbKvi cwi ek DbœZ I cwigvwr Z ivlv n q Q KB i z i U gyli _v K mgv Ri wewfbœ ckvi wewkórb `i c`pviyvq KB i z i Ui AvR Ki G Ae vb wbk n Ki wzbwu iæz c~y ^ cœi ev Íevqb ejv P j Lvev i DuPz gvb, Avivg`vqK Lvevi cwi ek I ` wób `b B Uwiq ii mw jb L Z Avmv AwZw_ `i gy» K i h Kvi Y KB i z i U GLb AwZw_ `i Kv Q mgv` Z mvaviy fvrbiwmk `i gb Rq Kivi AwfÁZvi cvkvcvwk ÔKBÕ i z i Ui i q Q AvšÍR vwzk gv bi wewfbœ WvBwbs cwi ek bi AwfÁZv g~j i z i UwU QvovI i z i Ui jvdä

200 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 199 AÂjI D jøl hvm GLv b Lvevi L q mgq KvUv bvi cvkvcvwk `ikvwi KvRI m i wb Z cv ib Gme Kvi Y KB i z i U wewfbœ mgq `kxq I AvšÍR vwzk ch v q wewfbœ cyi vi jvf K i Q (m~î : evsjv `k cöwzw`b XvKv eyaevi 5 AvM 2015, 21 kövey 1422) evsjv ` ki AeKvVv gvmz Dbœqbg~jK Kv Ri AMÖMwZi gva g wmk`vi MÖæ ci e emvwqk cömvizv hgwb evo Q Zgwb c w_exi K qkwu ` ki Øxc GjvKvq KB i z i U I KB wi mvu A vû iwm WÝ cöwzôv K ii wmk`vi MÖæ ci e emvwqk mdjzv cömvwiz n Q hgb Av gwikv, Aveyavwe, wm½vcyi, e vskk, _vbj vû Ges m U wkum A vû bwfr Av gwikvi wgqvwg Øx ci wbkuez x m U wkum& A vû bwfr Øx ci cöavbgš x W. WbwRj Gj WMjvm wmk`vi MÖæc K KB wi mvu m U wkum& A vû bwfr Øx c wmk`vi MÖæ ci KB wi mvu A vû iwm WÝ A vû iwm W Ýi g Zv Dbœqbg~jK KvR Ki Z cö Íve `b wmk`vi mv ne cöavbgš xi cö Ív e m wz cökvk K i Pzw³e n q m U wkum& A vû bwfr Øx c KB wi mvu A vû iwm WÝ cöwzôvi D ` vm bb Ges mlv b wbg vy KvR Pj Q

201 200 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z e bi cvwli wmk`vi mv ne K fv jvev m QvU ejv _ KB wmk`vi mv n ei cvwl wkkvi Ges RxeRš cvlvi GKUv Af vm wqj wzwb ewr _ K Avi K i ev Ni ev Pv ch ší evwo Z cvj Zb QvU ejvq cvwl `L jb hb wkkvi Kiv Zvi cöavb bkv n q `uvovz ZvB hlb wzwb QvU ejvq wczv-gvzvi m ½ _vk Zb ZLb wzwb cvwl wkkvi Kivi Rb GKwU BqviMvb wbr ZË veav b Ggbfv e ivl Zb hb Ab fvb qiv KDB m BqviMvb LuvR K i bv cvq wb Ri ndvr Z ivlv Ges wb Ri B Qg Zv cvwl wkkvi Kiv K g bi ^vaxbzv e j wzwb g b Ki Zb GjvKvi wej nvii-euvi o Ges evmv b hlb cvwl `i AvMgb NUZ, ZLbB wmk`vi mv ne cvwl wkkvi Kivi Rb kumvb wb q MšÍe v b Qz U h Zb D jøl, 1953 mv j wzwb cvwl wkkvi Kivi Rb GKwU kumvb µq K ib cvwl wkkvi Kivi Rb KLbI eofvb `i, KLbI evevi Avevi KLbI gv qi ekzwb L Z n q Q wczv-gvzvi evavwb la _vkv m Ë I wzwb mgq c jb Qz U h Zb cvwl wkkvi Ki Z cvwl wkkvi Kivi cvkvcvwk cvwl cvlv wmk`vi mv n ei Ab Avi GKUv ml wqj GK K_vq ejv P j QvU ejv _ K wzwb cvwl cöwgk wq jb G Kvi Y cvwl K fv jv LuvPvi fzi AvUwK q i L fv jv Lvevi mieivn Kiv hb wmk`vi mv n ei m L cwiyz n qwqj Ggwbfv e GK mgq hlb wmk`vi mv ne cvwl cvl Zb H mgq GKw`b `k-c b iv Rb gvby li Dcw wz Z `k-c b ivwu Po B cvwl wmk`vi mv n ei gv_vq I kix i G m e m Ggwb Ae vq wkqzmgq ci Po B cvwl jv Avevi ^ Qvq P ji hvq Rb jv Ki Dcw wz Z Ab KviI wbku bv wm q ïay wmk`vi mv n ei Mv q G m cvwl emvi welqwu wmk`vi mv ne K Mfxifv e wpwšíz K i Avi g b g b fve Z _v Kb Kb Po B cvwl Zvi gv_v Avi Nv oi Dci G m emj Ges Kx ej Z P qwqj? cvwl wkkvi Kiv wksev cvwl cvlvi Kvi Y cvwl jv Zuvi Dci mš ó, bv Amš ó G welqwu wzwb

202 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 201 wpšív Ki Z _v Kb cvwl wkkvi Kivi Kvi Y hw` GB Po B cvwl Zuvi cöwz Amš ó n q _v K Zvn j cvwl cvlv Ges cvwl wkkvi Kiv AvR _ K eü K i w` eb GB f e mwz mwz B wzwb cvwl wkkvi I cvwl cvlv eü K i w` jb wkš QvÎRxe b GB cvwl wkkvi Kiv Ges cvwl cvlv eü K i w` ji Av gwikv emevmkv j Zuvi Avevi ml RvMj mb cvwl cvlvi wzwb QzU jb nuvm wkb Z jm A v Ä jm wkš wzwb jm A v Ä j m nuvm c jb bv wmk`vi mv ne g b `ytl Abyfe Ki jb wzwb g b g b wpšív Ki Z jvm jb, ml wqj nuvm cyl Z; wkš mb nuvm jm A v Ä jm wm q cjvg bv Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii Av gwikvi evwoi mvg b ey bv nuv mi AvMgb GgZve vq GKw`b eb _ K D o G m `yõwu ey bv e jnuvm wmk`vi mv n ei Av gwikvi evwo Z bvgj hlb wmk`vi mv ne mkvj ejv evwoi evb i ei n jb, ZLb wmk`vi mv n ei Kv Q G m nuvm `yõwu nuvu Z jvmj nuvm `yõwu hlb wmk`vi mv n ei KvQvKvwQ G m cü vkcü vk KiwQj, ZLb wmk`vi mv ne Zvi g q K W K wkqz Lvevi G b w` Z

203 202 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z ej jb Zvi g q Lvevi G b w` j wmk`vi mv ne mb Lvevi nuvm `yõwu K L Z w` jb nuvm `yõwu mb Lvevi L q D o P j Mj Ab Av ikw`b hlb wmk`vi mv ne mkvj ejv evmvi mvg b ei n jb wvk H gyn~ Z `yõ Uv e jnuvm eb _ K D o G m wmk`vi mv n ei wbku P j G jv GB e jnuvm `yõ Uv Av Mi e jnuvm `yõ Uv wkbv wmk`vi mv ne g b g b wpšív Ki jb nuvm `yõ Uv wmk`vi mv n ei Kv Q G m NvivNywi Ki Z jvmj Zviv hb wmk`vi mv n ei eüz Kv bvµ gb wmk`vi mv n ei wbku _ K Zviv h Z Pvq bv wmk`vi mv ne evmvi mkj K W K nuvm `yõ Uv `Lv jb Ges Lvevi w` jb nuvm `y Uv hlb Lvevi Lvw Qj ZLb nuvm `yõ Uvi cv k `uvwo q wmk`vi mv ne Qwe Zzj jb AZtci Lvevi LvIqv kl n j nuvm `yõ Uv D o e b P j Mj Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii m Li cvlv Miæ Av gwikvi Rxe b wmk`vi mv n ei nuvm cvlvi ml n ji wzwb jm A v Ä jm wm q nuvm wkb Z cvi jb bv wkš e bi e jnuvm G m wmk`vi mv n ei m ml c~iy K iwqj nuvm `yõ Uvi AvMg b wmk`vi mv ne wb R K ab g b Ki jb Zuvi g b nj, e bi cvwli Zv K fv jvev m

204 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 203 Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii m Li cvlv nwiy Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii m Li cvlv DU

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206 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 205 RW. GBP. wmk`vi kwcs Kg cø, wmivrw`lvb, gywýmä cuzqvlvwji KzqvKvUv Z mgy `ªi cv o wmk`vi mv n ei GKwU nv Uj A vû wi mv U i KvR Pj Q mlv b 300 iæg wb q 20 Zjvwewkó GKwU nv Uj Ges 40wU wfjvi e e v i q Q ivovgvwui KvßvB q wmk`vi mv n ei GKwU nv Uj A vû i z i U i q Q huv evsjv ` ki DbœZgv bi nv Uj A vû i z i U jvi Ab Zg KzqvKvUvq w_ª vi gv bi ÔwmK`vi wi mvu A vû wfjvmõ-gi AvbyôvwbK hvîv ïiæ ch Ub K `ª KzqvKvUvq w_ª vi gv bi ÔwmK`vi wi mvu A vû wfjvmõ- Gi AvbyôvwbK hvîv ïiæ n q Q 1 ww m ^i 2015 `ycy i wmk`vi MÖæ ci Pqvig vb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi I e e vcbv cwipvjk g bvqviv wmk`vi wdzv K U wi mv U i D Øvab K ib G mgq wmk`vi MÖæ ci cwipvjk ib nk wmk`vi, ggzvryj nk, wjmv dv Zgv nk, Rd&ix wmk`vi I gwû wmk`vi Dcw Z wq jb cöavb AwZw_ Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e jb, KzqvKvUvq wmk`vi wi mvu A vû wfjv m w_ª vi gv bi AZ vaywbk mkj my hvm myweav i q Q KzqvKvUv mgỳ ª ˆmK Z eov Z Avmv ch UKiv GB wi mv U mv a i g a gvbm úbœ _vkv LvIqvi myweav Dc fvm Ki Z cvi eb

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210 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 209 we`ÿ r cökí ev ÍevwqZ nq GiB g a mikvwi I emikvwi Lv Z cövq 8 wewjqb Wjvi wewb qvmi n q Q B Zvg a 52wU we`ÿ r K `ª _ K cövq 3650 gmviqvu we`ÿ r RvZxq wmö W hy³ n q QÕ GRb cöavbgš x mikvwi I emikvwi Lv Zi hš_ cöqv mi cöksmv K i e jb, Avgiv m e v P 6350 gmviqvu we`ÿ r Drcv` b mÿg n qwq Ges Avgv `i Drcv`b mvg_ 8425 gmviqv U DbœxZ n q Q wzwb e jb, Avgiv Avgv `i wbe vpbx cöwzköæwzi P q ewk we`ÿ r Drcv`b Ki Z mÿg n qwq 58 kzvsk gvbyl we`ÿ r e env ii AvIZvq G m Q 25 jvl bzzb MÖvnK K we`ÿ r `Iqv n q Q, hv `i AwaKvskB MÖvgv j evm K i ez gv b RvZxq cö qvr b Drcv` b ikwbs Kivi Kvi Y GL bv wkqzuv jvw kwws Av Q, D jøl K i cöavbgš x e jb Avgiv Av iv we`ÿ r K `ª wbg vy KiwQ fviz _ KI we`ÿ r Avg`vwbi D ` vm wb qwq GQvov bevqb hvm R vjvwb Drcv`b K DrmvwnZ KiwQ wzwb e jb Zvi mikvi cöwzwu GK nvrvi gmviqvu ÿgzv m úbœ `ywu cvigvywek we`ÿ r K `ª vc b ivwkqvi m ½ Pzw³ ^vÿi K i Q Ges Drcv` bi cvkvcvwk we`ÿ r mâvjb I weziy e e vi Dbœq bi KvR Ki Q kl nvwmbv e jb, D P ÿgzv m úbœ wm ju-kvwjqv Ki, PÆMÖvg- gnbvnvu, Lyjbv-AvwgbevRvi 4k Kwf mâvjb jvbb wbg v Yi D ` vm biqv n q Q evsjv `k-fviz 4k Kwf AvšÍtms hvm jvbb I Dc K `ª wbg v Yi KvRI ïiæ n q Q wzwb we`ÿ r Lv Zi Dbœq b Zvi mikv ii wewfbœ e e vi D jøl K i e jb, AvgivB cö_g emikvwi Lv Z we`ÿ r Drcv` bi bxwzgvjv cöyqb Kwi we`ÿ r Drcv` b `wkwe `wk wewb qvm AvK ó Ki Z mÿg nb wm gjm n«vm I k Ljv wdwi q G b ivr ^ Av`vq e w Kwi kl nvwmbv zj, gv`ªvmv I Ab vb cöwzôv b mši c v bj vc bi Ici iæz v ivc K i e jb, Zvi mikvi K wl, wkÿv, ^v, hvmv hvm MÖvgxY Dbœqb I wwwruvj evsjv `k cöwzôvmn Av_ -mvgvwrk cöwzwu Lv Z e vck DbœwZ K i Q

211 210 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 100 gmviqvu cviqvic vk gwzqviv, KivbxMÄ, XvKv cviqvi c vk nvwìs wjwg UW Ny i `L Qb gvbbxq cöavbgš x, we`y r I R vjvbx gš Yvj qi Dc `óv I gvbbxq gš x Ges wmk`vi cwiev ii m`m e `

212 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 211 wmk`vi cwiev ii wkqz e wzµgx I mvnmx D ` vm wmk`vi mv n ei my hvm mšívb Rbve wik nk wmk`vi I Rbve ib nk wmk`vi ` k I we ` k eûgvwîk e emv-evwy R mvdj AR b K ib ` ki we`y r NvUwZ wbim b we`y r Drcv`b e emvq g bvwb ek KiZ: PowerPac Holdings Ltd. bv g Zuvi GKwU K c v iu Kv úvwb MVb K ib Gi Pqvig vb I g v bwrs WvB i±i h_vµ g Rbve ib nk wmk`vi I Rbve wik nk wmk`vi KivbxMÄ I ` ki Ab vb v b we`y r Drcv`b I RvwZq wmö W mieivn K i ` ki Dbœq b mnvqk f~wgkv ivl Q Power Pac Holdings Ltd. Aciw` K RR Aviation Ltd. Gi gva g emikvwi Lv Z Mvovi w` K GKwU mdj Aviation Company cöwzôv K ib Gi Pqvig vb I g v bwrs WvB i±i h_vµ g Rbve wik nk wmk`vi I ib nk wmk`vi RR Aviation Ltd. Gi en i G ch ší hy³ n q Q 4wU me vaywbk nwjkþvi I 1wU AvaywbK RU wegvb 4wU nwjkþv ii gva g ` ki Af ší i Riæwi wpwkrmv _ gyg~ly ivmx `i mnrjf mev K i Avm Q RR Aviation Ltd. ZvQvov ` ki wewfbœ ckvi gvbyl wewfbœ Riæwi cö qvr b `~icvjøvi MšÍe hviqv-avmv K i g~j evb mgq euvpv Z mÿg n Qb Aciw` K Gqvi A v ^y jý wn m e RU wegvbwu K e envi K i ` ki gvbyl AwZmn R we ` ki wel vz nvmcvzv j DbœZ wpwkrmv mevi my hvm wb Z cvi Qb Ab w` K wegvb fvov eve` cöpzi ˆe `wkk gy`ªvi mvköq n Q we ` k ivmx cöi Yi Rb RR Aviation-Gi RU wegvb

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214 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 213 wmk`vi GWz Kkbvj mv cvu Kg cø RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj msjmœ gwbkv G U gavex Q j g q `i cövbgvwi _ K wek we` vjq ch ší wkÿvmsµvší mkj cökvi mnvqzv cö`vb Kivi Rb Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv ne cöwzôv K i Qb Zuvi wczv gk&di DwÏb wmk`vi dvd Ûk bi Awafz³ ÔwmK`vi GWz Kkbvj mv cvu Kg cø Õ bv g GKwU cöwzôvb GB cöwzôv bi gva g Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv ne wzbwenv Rwgi Dci QqZjv wewkó cuvpwu feb wb q GWz Kkbvj mv cvu Kg cø i KvR nv Z wb q Qb Ges wbg vy KvR Pj Q Gig a cö_gwui Z Zxq Zjvi KvR kl n q PZz_ Zjvi KvR Pj Q Gi AvIZvq gavex wmk`vi GWz Kkbvj mv cvu Kg cø Q j g q `i cvwievwik evm v bi e e v Kiv n q Q GB cök íi gva g `wi`ª wbt ^ gavex Q j g q `i 48wU cwiev ii AvkÖ qi e e v Kiv n q Q GK GKwU cwiev ii Rb `ywu iæg, ivbœvni I ev_iæg eivï Kiv n q Q ïay ZvB bq, GLvbKvi emevmkvix `i Q j g q hzw`b ch ší jlvcov Ki e, ZZw`b Zv `i wbr ^ Kv bv UvKvcqmv jvm e bv Zviv gk&di DwÏb wmk`vi dvd Ûk bi A_ vq b jlvcov Ki Z cvi e Z e 8 _ K 12 eq ii gavex Q j g q `i cö_ g `yb eq ii Rb my hvm `Iqv n e Gici cöwzevib irv ëi wfwë Z GB cök íi my hvm MÖnY Ki Z cvi e Gfv e wmk`vi GWz Kkbvj mv cvu Kg cø gavex wkÿv_ x `i jlvcovi my hvm-myweav cö`vb K i hv Q D jøl, cöwzwu wewìs q cuvpwu K i d vi n e Ges cöwzwu d v i `kwu K i cwievi _vk Z cvi e G wn m e cuvpwu wewìs q gvu 250wU gavex wkÿv_ x `i cwiev ii _vkv LvIqvi e e v n e

215 214 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z wek bz e `i m ½ mym úk Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv ne cö_g _ KB Kv bv cöz ÿ ivr bwzk ` ji m`m wq jb bv wkš ` ki e nëi ivr bwzk ` ji bzv `i m ½ Zuvi Nwbô m úk wqj Zgwb Av gwikv ZI ivr bwzk `j I bz e `i mv _ Zvi AšÍi½ m úk M o I V Avm j GKRb mdj gvby li Rxeb cöevn Kv bv wbw` ó fšmwjk mxgv ilvq Ave _v K bv Zuvi ^cœ _v K MvUv wek K wb q wb Ri m ô hvm Zv I AwR Z Av vq ejxqvb n q Zuvi ARv šíb wzwb wek L vz gvbyl `i KvQvKvwQ cšu Q hvb wicvewjkvb cvwu i mv _ NwbôZvi myev ` Avwki `k Ki ïiæ Z wzwb cvwu K A bk ai Yi mn hvwmzv K iwq jb c i cöwm W U wim vb GK c Î wmk`vi mv ne K Zuvi AvšÍwiK cömskv Ávcb K ib cöwm W U wej wk U bi m ½I wmk`vi mv ne I Zuvi cwiev ii mym úk M o I VwQj wej wk U bi mv _ Av gwikvq wmk`vi mv n ei evik qk mvÿvr N U Q Zuvi gs Q j wbk nk wmk`v ii mv _I wk U bi AvšÍwiK hvmv hvm we` gvb Qwe Z evg _ K w`cy nk wmk`vi, Av gwikvi cöwm W U wej wk bub, Rqbyj nk wmk`vi, x g bvqviv wmk`vi Ges wbk nk wmk`vi

216 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 215 wmk`vi mv ne gvî K qk eq ib Av gwikvi g Zv DbœZ ` k e emvqx wn m e mycöwzwôz n q hvb ZeyI Zuvi gb c o _vkz evsjv ` ki w` K g b g b wzwb evsjv ` k wd i Avmvi cwikíbv Ki Z _v Kb wmk`vi mv n ei gv hlb XvKvi avbgwû Z GKUv wk wb K kh vkqx wq jb ZLb wmk`vi mv n ei Rb evsjv ` k div Z ivwš^z nq Av gwikvi bvmwikz _vkv m Ë I wzwb evsjv ` k wd i Av mb emevm I bzzb K i e emv cömvwiz Kivi Rb Av gwikvi cöwm W U wej wk bub I Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii gs Q j wbk nk wmk`vi

217 216 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Mr. Dan Mozena, the US Ambassador to Bangladesh vistied Z.H. Sikder University of Science & Technology, Madhupur, Kartikpur, Bhedergonj, Shriatpur on August 05, Ms. Janina Jaruzelski, USAID Mission Director, Ms. Parveen Haque Sikder, Vice Chairperson, Board of Trustees, ZHSUST, Mr. Mamtazul Haque registrar, ZHSUST, Ms. Nasim Sikder, Treasurer, ZHSUST, Mr. Rick Haque Sikder, Member, Board of Trustees,Chowdhury Kamal Ibne Yousuf, Former Minister, Pepole s Republic of Bangladesh, Prof. Dr. Syed Rashidul Hasan, Vice Chancellor, (Designated), ZHSUST were also present on the occasion. evsjv ` k wbhy³ Av gwikv hy³iv óªi ivóª`~z W vb gwrbv 5 AvM 2014 Zvwi L RW. GBP. wmk`vi BDwbfvwm wu Ae mvbý A vû UK bvjwr cwi`k b K ib mlv b Av qvwrz GK Abyôv b e³e cö`vbkv j wek we` vj qi wkÿvigvb cwi ek I cvwicvwk KZv ` L m šívl cökvk K ib fvi Zi ez gvb cöwm W U cöye gylvr xi m ½ gyw³hy i mgq _ K wmk`vi mv n ei mym úk ˆZwi nq Gici cöye gylvr x hlb fvi Zi gwš mfvi ww dý gš x, ZLb wmk`vi mv ne RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj K Iqvì nj_& AM vbvb Rk bi (WHO) AvIZvq Iqvì nj_& AM vbvb Rkb WvB i±wi Ae gww Kj z j AšÍfz ³ Kivi Rb mnvqzv P q 25 deªæqvwi 2006 Zvwi L GKwU wpwv `b cöye gylvr x Zuv K RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj ÔIqvì nj_& AM vbvb Rkb WvB i±wi Ae gww Kj zjõ-gi AšÍfz ³ Ki Z mnvqzv K ib cöye gylvr xi mnvqzvq WHO-Gi WvB i±wi Z K j Ri bvg AšÍfz ³ niqvq wmk`vi mv ne cöye gylvr x K 3 AvM 2006 Zvwi L GKwU cî w` q ab ev` Rvbvb cöye gylvr x wmk`vi mv n ei ab ev` c Îi Rb 14 AvM 2006 Zvwi L Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv ne K Aci GKwU cî w` q ab ev` Rvbvb

218 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 217 Qwe Z evg _ K ib nk wmk`vi, cvifxb nk wmk`vi, g bvqviv wmk`vi I fvi Zi cöwm W U cöye gylvr x Ges Rqbyj nk wmk`vi ciez xkv j MYcÖRvZš x evsjv `k mikv ii gwš cwil `i m`m cvwbm ú` gš x Ave`yi iv¾vk ivóªxq md i fvi Z M j mlv b cöye gylvr xi m ½ `Lv n j cöye gylvr x Ave`yi iv¾vk K e jb, ÔRqbyj nk wmk`vi K wp bbõ? Ave`yi iv¾vk e jb, ÔwPwb Ges Zuv K Avgiv PvPv e j m ^vab Kwi wzwbi Avgv `i fvwzrv e j œn K ibõ cöye gylvrx ZLb e jb, ÔAvcbviv Zuvi wk ikg fvwzrv? Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv ne GKRb fv jv g bi gvbyl mvgvb Kv Ri wewbg q wzwb Avgv K fv jbwb; eiâ RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzv ji cÿ _ K Avgv K cî w` q ab ev` Rvwb qwq jbõ fvi Zi 15Zg jvkmfv wbe vp b me fvizxq RvZxq Ks MÖm 2009 mv ji wbe vp b wøzxqev ii g Zv werq AR b Ki j Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv ne RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr

219 218 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Avãyi iv¾vk I Rqbyj nk wmk`vi I nvmcvzv ji Pqvig vb wn m e 2 g 2009 Zvwi L Ks MÖ mi mfvcwz köxgwz mvwbqv MvÜx K Zuvi bz Z i mdjzvi Rb wpwv w` q ab ev` Rvwb qwq jb wmk`vi mv n ei wpwv c o köxgwz mvwbqv MvÜx GKw`b c ib 23 g 2009 Zvwi L Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv ne K cözz Ë i Av ikwu cî cvwv q ab ev` Rvwb qwq jb GUv GKUv Avðh e vcvi h fvi Zi werqx ` ji mfvcwz K ab ev` Rvbv bvi GKw` bi g a B wzwb ab ev` Ávcb K i wpwvi DËi w` qwq jb Abyiƒcfv e Ks MÖ mi werq jv fi ci cöavbgš x gb gvnb wms K 24 g 2009 Zvwi L RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzv ji cÿ _ KI wmk`vi mv ne wpwv w` q ab ev` Rvwb qwq jb wpwv cviqvi ci cöavbgš x gb gvnb wms Zuvi e w³mz m µuvwi Rq`xc mikv ii gva g 11 Ryb 2009 Zvwi L wmk`vi mv n ei wpwvi cözz Ë i wpwv w` q wmk`vi mv ne K ab ev` Ávcb K iwq jb Rvcv b 2011 mv ji 11 gvp mybvwg Ges f wgk úi Kvi Y we`ÿ Zi A vuwgk wi-a vku ii we ùvi Yi d j h gvbwek wech q N UwQj mb wech qi mgq wmk`vi mv ne RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj _ K gww Kj wug cvvv bvi Rb Rvcvb mikv ii

220 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 219 AbygwZ P q GKwU cî cvwv qwq jb wkš mb gyn~ Z Rvcv b wm q H wel q Kv bv wkqz Kiv wb laváv wqj weavq mlv b hviqvi AbygwZ cviqv hvqwb eiâ Rvcvb mikvi wmk`vi mv n ei cö Ív ei wpwv c q m šívl cökvk K i wmk`vi mv ne K GKwU ab ev`m~pk wpwv cvwv qwq jb bcv j 2015 mv j f wgk úi Kvi Y gvby li g Zz mn cöpzi ÿqÿwz n qwqj GB f wgk ú ÿwzmö Í `i mev Kivi Rb wmk`vi mv ne RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj _ K GKwU gww Kj wug cvwv qwq jb wmk`vi mv n ei GB gww Kj wug cvvv bvi cöwz mš ó n q bcvj mikvi wmk`vi mv ne K wpwvi gva g ab ev` Ávcb K iwq jb f wgk ú AvnZ bcv ji `ym Z gvby li cv k wmk`vi gww Kj I b vkbvj e vsk kzvãxi fqvenzg f wgk ú-weaÿ Í bcv ji Amnvq I AvnZ gvby li Rb mnvqzvi nvz evwo q Q RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj Ges b vkbvj e vsk wjwg UW Dfq cöwzôv bi cwipvjbv cl `i Pqvig vb exi gyw³ hv v Rqbyj nk

221 220 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z wmk`v ii wb ` kbvq wmk`vi gww Kj Ges b vkbvj e vsk hš_fv e bcv ji Amnvq gvbyl K wpwkrmv cö`vb I ÎvY mnvqzv `v bi G D ` vm wb q Q wmk`vi gww K ji 12 m` m i GKwU gww Kj wug 8 g ïµevi bcvj hvq G wu g A _ v cwwk, mvr vwi I gwwwm bi we klá wpwkrmkiv wq jb G Qvov wmk`vi gww Kj K j Ri mv ek I ZrKvjxb wkÿv_ xiv gww Kj wug K mvwe K mnvqzv cö`vb K i gww Kj wug cö qvrbxq Ilya, wpwkrmv mvgmöx, Lv`ª I cvbxq QvovI GbweGj cö`ë K ^j mv _ wb qwq jb ew g Kv dvg vwmdwuk vj wj. 50% n«vmk Z g~ j Ilya cö`v bi gva g wmk`vi gww Kj I b vkbvj e vs Ki gnzx G D ` v Mi mv _ hy³ n qwqj KjKvZvwfwËK cöwzôvb wek evovwj cwil `i cÿ _ K Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv ne K cöavb AwZw_ K i GKwU Abyôv bi Av qvrb K i Ges mlvbkvi Abyôv b wpwkrmv ÿ Î wmk`vi mv n ei h _ó Ae`vb _vkvq bzvwr myfvl P `ª emy cyi vi cö`vb Kiv nq wewfbœ ` ki ivóªcöavb `i m ½ Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei wpwv Av`vb cö`vb Ges mgvr mev I wpwkrmv mev ÿ Î AmvaviY Ae`v bi Rb Zuv K GB m v b f wlz Kiv nq

222 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 221 KjKvZvwfwËK wek evovwj m j b RW. GBP. wmk`vi K bzvrx myfvl P `ª emy µ cö`vb

223 222 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj Iqvì nj_& AM vbvb Rk bi (WHO) AvIZvq Iqvì nj_& AM vbvb Rkb WvB i±wi Ae gww Kj zj AšÍfy ³ Kivi Rb cöye gylvr xi gva g mnvqzv P q wmk`vi mv ne GKwU cî `b 25 deªæqvwi 2006

224 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 223 Iqvì nj_& AM vbvb Rk bi (WHO) RW. GBP. wmk`vi gww Kj K jr Awafy³ niqvq Rqbyj nk wmk`vi cöye gylvrx K ab ev` Rvwb q m šívl cökvk K i cî `b 3 AvM 2006, Zuvi cözy Ë i cöye gylvr x wmk`vi mv ne K ab ev` Rvwb q cî cö`vb K ib 14 AvM 2006

225 224 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z fvi Zi mvaviy wbe vp b Ks MÖ mi wer q m šívl cökvk K i Ks MÖ mi mfvcwz mvwbqv MvÜx K Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Awfb `bcî cö`vb K ib 22 g 2009

226 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 225 Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii Awfb `bc Îi Rev e me fvizxq Ks MÖ mi mfvcwz mvwbqv MvÜx cî w` q ab ev` Rvbvb 23 g 2009

227 226 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z fvi Zi wbe vp b Rqhy³ n q cöavbgš x wbe vwpz niqvq gb gvnb wms K ab ev` Rvwb q Rqbyj nk wmk`vi cî `b 24 g 2009

228 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 227 fvi Zi cöavbgš x wbe vwpz niqvq gb gvnb wms K Rqbyj nk wmk`vi ab ev` cî w` qwq jb, Zuvi cözy Ë i cöavbgš xi `ßi _ K Rqbyj nk wmk`vi K ab ev` cî cö`vb Kiv nq 11 Ryb 2009

229 228 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Rvcv b 2011 mv ji 11 gvp mybvwg Ges f~wgk úi Kvi Y we`y Zi wi-a vk Ui we ùvi Yi d j h gvbwek wech q N UwQj mb wech q RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzv ji cÿ _ K Rbve wmk`vi KZ K gww Kj wug cvvv bvi Rb Rvcvb mikv ii AbygwZ P q GKwU cî cö`vb K ib Zuvi cözz Ë i Rvgvb mikvi wmk`vi mv ne K ab ev` Rvwb q cî `b 19 GwcÖj 2011

230 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 229 bcv j f~wgk ú ÿwzmö Í `i mvnvh v _ bcv ji ivóª`~ Zi Kv Q Rqbyj nk wmk`vi wpwv `b 27 GwcÖj 2015

231 230 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 17 May 2015 Managing Director & CEO National Bank Ltd. 18, Dilkusha C/A, Dhaka-1000 Dear Sir I would like to express my deep appreciation for your generous support of relief materials for the victims of the devastating earthquake in Nepal. I am pleased to inform you that we have dispatched those relief materials to Nepal for distribution to the quake victims. The authorities of the Government of Nepal for disaster relief have made the necessary arrangements to deliver them to the needy people. I would like to thank you again for your generous assistance and kind sentiments towards the quake victims. With warm regards, bcv j f~wgk ú ÿwzmö Í `i mvnvh v _ RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I b vkbvj e vs Ki cÿ _ K h wiwjd wug cvvv bv n qwq jv, Zv Z m šívl cökvk K i bcvj mikv ii c ÿ evsjv ` k wbhy³ ivóª`~z Rbve wmk`vi K ab ev` Rvwb q cî `b 17 g 2015

232 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z wmk`vi MÖæ ci cwipvjke ` 231 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi Pqvig vb g bvqviv wmk`vi g v bwrs WvB i±i bvwmg wmk`vi j vû c AvwK U± wwcywu g v bwrs WvB i±i cvifxb nk wmk`vi wpwkrmk fvbm Pqvig vb ggzvryj nk wmk`vi GgGm ªvKPvivj BwÄwbqvi WvB i±i wbk nk wmk`vi weweg WvB i±i

233 232 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z wmk`vi MÖæ ci cwipvjke ` w`cy nk wmk`vi weweg, WvB i±i wik nk wmk`vi weweg, WvB i±i ib nk wmk`vi weweg WvB i±i wjmv Gd nk wmk`vi j vû c AvwK U± WvB i±i gwbkv wmk`vi GgGm R bwuk BwÄwbqvwis WvB i±i gwû wmk`vi wpwkrmk WvB i±i

234 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 233 wmk`vi MÖæ ci cwipvjke ` Rd&ix wmk`vi gkvwbk vj BwÄwbqvi ez gv b jû b e vwi vwi wkÿviz WvB i±i Rvbvm wmk`vi AvBwU BwÄwbqvi WvB i±i wmb nk wmk`vi WvB i±i Rb nk wmk`vi ez gv b jû b e vwi vwi wkÿviz WvB i±i

235 234 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Rqbyj nk wmk`v ii cwieviem

236 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 235

237 236 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z b vkbvj e vs Ki ez gvb e e vcbv cwipvjk (PjwZ `vwqz ) Rbve G. Gd. Gg. kwidzj Bmjvg wemz 2015 mv ji A ±vei gv m b vkbvj e vs Ki GKwU mvewmwwqvwi cöwzôvb GbweGj gvwb UªvÝdvi BDGmG cwi`k bi Rb hvb mlvb _ K wzwb b vkbvj e vs Ki gvwb UªvÝdvi Kv úvwbi kvlv cöwzôvi m ve hvpvb qi Rb jm A v Ä j m hvb b vkbvj e vs Ki Pqvig vb Rbve Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei e emv wel q wzwb wjwlz GK wbe Ü Rvbvb h, ` k _vkv Ae vq Avgiv ïay RvbZvg Pqvig vb mv n ei we ` k wewfbœ cökv ii e emv Av Q wkš GLv b G m Zvi wewfbœgylx e emvi cömvizv I e vck mdjzv ` L Awff~Z njvg Pv L bv `L j wek vm Kiv hv e bv GB Kg we` we ` ki gvwu Z G m wkfv e wb R K cöwzwôz K i Qb ïay cöwzwôz bq cöwzôvb jv K GKwU D PgvÎvq cuš Q w` q Qb d j wzwb evsjv ` k _vk ji we ` ki gvwu Z Zvi e emv mdjfv e mg n Q GLv b G m Rvb Z cvijvg m U wkum bv g GKwU Øx ci m ú~y AvaywbK I DbœZ gv bi Dbœq bi `vwqz m ` ki cöavbgš x Pqvig vb mv n ei Kv úvwb KB wi mvu A vû i z i Ui Dci b Í K i Qb GKRb evovwj wn m e Pqvig vb mv n ei K wz Z i Rb ïay Avwg bq evovwj gvî mk jib Me niqvi welq jm A v Ä j m Avwg Pqvig vb mv n ei AwZw_ wn m e Zvui efvijx wnj mi evwo Z AvwZ_ MÖnY Kwi Pqvig vb mv ne I Zuvi cwiev ii e eüz Mvwo jv Z Av ivn Yi my hvmi nq Avgvi jma v Ä j m Pqvig vb mv n ei cwiev ii e nr AvK wzi wejvmeûj evwo jv `LviI my hvm nq GKw`b mü vq hvb KB i z i U GB i z i UwU Gwkqvi Lvev ii Rb cöwm n ji we k i L vzbvgv i z i Ui fz i GwUI GKwU D jøl hvm i z i U Gi evwn K Ges Af šíixy mvrm¾v PgrKvi I ` wóbw `Z GB i z i Ui kvlv Av gwikvi wewfbœ kni QvovI Bsj vû, `yevb, e vsk Ki g Zv `k jv Z we Í Z Avgvi K v givq Pqvig vb mv n ei Mvwoi Qwe aviy K iwqjvg Zvi wkqz Ask GB wbe Üi mv _ ms hvm K i w`jvg

238 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 237 Classic Convertable SC-500 Classic Convertable Corette

239 238 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Mercedes -420SEL Jaguar

240 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 239 Lincoln Super Stetch Limousine Limousine with Parsonalise License Plate Sikder

241 240 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Sea Ray Boat Rolls Royce Phantom

242 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 241 Rick New Porshe Rick s Cayenne

243 242 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z RollsRoyce Motorcars

244 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 243

245 244 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z

246 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 245

247 246 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z

248 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 247 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei GKK A_ vq b wbwg Z cöwzôvbmg~n: 1 RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj, XvKv 2 RW. GBP. wmk`vi BDwbfvwm wu Ae mvbý A vû UK bvjwr, kixqzcyi 3 g bvqviv wmk`vi gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj, kixqzcyi 4 Mvjvi gvv evqzzj Avgvb Rv g gmwr`, bwoqv, kixqzcyi 5 KvwZ Kcyi evrvi Rv g gmwr`, f`imä, kixqzcyi 6 klcvov Rv g gmwr`, gaycyi, f`imä, kixqzcyi 7 c~e w`bviv ZvjyK`vi evwo Rv g gmwr` 8 my ik i Rv g gmwr` 9 Mdzi gvijvbv Rv g gmwr`, K`vicyi 10 KvwZ Kcyi gaycyi Rv g gmwr` 11 ivgf`ªcyi Rv g gmwr` 12 `wÿy ww½vgvwbk ingvwbqv evbzzm mvjvg Rv g gmwr`, bwoqv, kixqzcyi 13 Avj-gw`bv Rv g gmwr`, ww½vgvwbk, bwoqv, kixqzcyi 14 my ik i `dv`vi evwo Rv g gmwr` 15 Kwei kvn& gvrvi, Dgiv `wÿy Lvb, XvKv 16 RW. GBP. wmk`vi gww Kj Rv g gmwr`, XvKv 17 PifvMv Rv g gmwr` (Bbvgyj nk kvgx gi evwoi mvg b) 18 nv ZgevM Rv g gmwr` 19 evev Mdzi Avjx i nvdr, AvRwgi 20 AvRwgi kwid RvbœvwZ MU `irv (LvRv evev) 21 e½eüz Av`k nvb zj, PifvMv, f`imä, kixqzcyi 22 g bvqviv wmk`vi nvb zj, f`imä 23 ww.gg. Lvwj g bvqviv wmk`vi nvb zj 24 Kv`vjcyi Ave`yi iv¾vk nvb zj 25 gk&di DwÏb wwwmö K jr, iv qi evrvi, XvKv 26 gk&di DwÏb RvZxq AvBb gnvwe` vjq (b vkbvj jõ K jr) 27 ga w`bviv evbzzj Avgvb Rv g gmwr`, bwoqv, kixqzcyi 28 w`bviv KibûMjx evbzzj Avgvb Rv g gmwr`, bwoqv, kixqzcyi 29 mvbv Lvjv Avj-gw`bv b~irv g gmwr`, bwoqv, kixqzcyi 30 emg jyrdzb bqv gwnjv gv`ªvmv, gvbyqv, f`imä, kixqzcyi 31 fv Rk i Rv g gmwr`, kixqzcyi 32 wesvix evrvi Rv g gmwr`, kixqzcyi 33 Nwolvi evrvi Rv g gmwr`

249 248 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 34 Wv. gvm jn DwÏb Rv g gmwr` 35 Lwjdv evwo Rv g gmwr`, Kvivb nvmjv 36 PifvMv Rv g gmwr`, kixqzcyi 37 Kvbvi gmwr`, kixqzcyi 38 b~i-b-gw`bv bmi Rv g gmwr` (wmk`vi gww K ji wcq b) 39 kvgmybœvnvi nvb zj, ivgf`ªcyi kixqzcyi 40 g bvqviv wmk`vi evwjkv D P we` vjq, f`imä 41 ivgf`ªcyi `qvwjqv Rv g gmwr` 42 gy³vipi PzK`vi evwo Rv g gmwr` (bwoqv cwðg cvk ) 43 wgwjwbqvg B Uvib vkbvj zj mybwgscyj 44 Rwibv wmk`vi evwjkv D P we` vjq A vû K jr, iv qi evrvi, XvKv 45 Rwibv wmk`vi cövbgvwi A vû nvb zj, iv qi evrvi, XvKv 46 g bvqvi wmk`vi i nvdm, gaycyi, kixqzcyi 47 RW. GBP. wmk`vi GWz Kkbvj mv cvu Kg cø, gwbkv G U, XvKv 48 my ik i mywd g ni Djøvn& Rv g gmwr`, my ik i, kixqzcyi 49 wgwjwbqvg B Uvib vkbvj zj, nvmcvzvj Gwiqv, cwðg avbgûx, XvKv 50 kl cvov Rv g gmwr`, gaycyi, kixqzcyi 51 wmk`vi AM vwbk gv K U, iv qi evrvi XvKv 52 evewi Rv g gmwr` 53 emg wewe Rv g gmwr`, ivgf`ªcyi, kixqzcyi 54 PviAvbv ivpx Rv g gmwr`, kixqzcyi 55 g nklvwj `vjvjevwo Rv g gmwr` 56 mi`vievwo Rv g gmwr`, DËi ivgf`ªcyi, kixqzcyi 57 ivgf`ªcyi AvK `evwo Rv g gmwr` 58 ivgf`ªcyi Bmjvwgqv gv`ªvmv, kixqzcyi 59 ZwgR Luvb Rv g gmwr` 60 RW. GBP. wmk`vi kwcs Kg cø, wmivrw`lvb, gywýmä 61 RW. GBP. wmk`vi kwcs Kg cø, wbgzjv, gywýmä D jøl, GQvov ` k-we ` k Av iv A bk jv gmwr`, gv`ªvmv, gvrvi zj, K jr I nvmcvzv j Avw_ K mnvqzv cö`vb K i Qb

250 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei GKK A_ vq b wbwg Z cöwzôvbmg~n: 249 RW. GBP. wmk`vi gwnjv gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj, XvKv RW. GBP. wmk`vi BDwbfvwm wu Ae mvbý A vû UK bvjwr, kixqzcyi g bvqviv wmk`vi gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj, kixqzcyi Mvjvi gvv evqzzj Avgvb Rv g gmwr` bwoqv, kixqzcyi KvwZ Kcyi evrvi Rv g gmwr`, f`imä kixqzcyi klcvov Rv g gmwr`, gaycyi, f`imä, kixqzcyi Mdzi gvijvbv Rv g gmwr`, K`vicyi ivgf`ªcyi Rv g gmwr`

251 250 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei GKK A_ vq b wbwg Z cöwzôvbmg~n: `wÿy ww½vgvwbk ingvwbqv evbzzm mvjvg Rv g gmwr`, bwoqv, kixqzcyi PifvMv Rv g gmwr` (Bbvgyj nk kvgx gi evwoi mvg b) evev Mdzi Avjx i nvdr, AvRwgi e½eüz Av`k nvb zj, PifvMv, f`imä, kixqzcyi AvRwgi kwid RvbœvwZ MU `irv (LvRv evev) ww.gg. Lvwj g bvqviv wmk`vi nvb zj g bvqviv wmk`vi nvb zj, f`imä kixqzcyi

252 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei GKK A_ vq b wbwg Z cöwzôvbmg~n: 251 gk&di DwÏb wwwmö K jr iv qi evrvi, XvKv w`bviv KibûMjx evbzzj Avgvb Rv g gmwr`, bwoqv, kixqzcyi mvbv Lviv Avj-gw`bv b~irv g gmwr` bwoqv, kixqzcyi emg jyrdzb bqv gwnjv gv`ªvmv, gvbyqv f`imä, kixqzcyi wesvix evrvi Rv g gmwr`, kixqzcyi Nwolvi evrvi Rv g gmwr` Lwjdv evwo Rv g gmwr`, Kvivb nvmjv PifvMv Rv g gmwr`, kixqzcyi

253 252 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei GKK A_ vq b wbwg Z cöwzôvbmg~n: b~i-b-gw`bv bmi Rv g gmwr` (wmk`vi gww K ji wcq b) kvgmybœvnvi nvb zj, ivgf`ªcyi, kixqzcyi wgwjwbqvg B Uvib vkbvj zj iv qievrvi, XvKv Rwibv wmk`vi evwjkv D P we` vjq I K jr, iv qi evrvi, XvKv Rwibv wmk`vi cövbgvwi I nvb zj iv qi evrvi, XvKv g bvqvi wmk`vi i nvdm gaycyi, kixqzcyi Rwibv wmk`vi Uªv Rv g gmwr` gaycyi, kixqzcyi my ik i mywd g ni Djøvn& Rv g gmwr` my ik i, kixqzcyi

254 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei GKK A_ vq b wbwg Z cöwzôvbmg~n: 253 wmk`vi wi mvu, KzqvKvUv wmk`vi AM vwbk gv K U, iv qievrvi, XvKv RW. GBP. wmk`vi gww Kj K jr jkvb, XvKv RW.GBP. wmk`vi kwcs Kg cø wbgzjv, gywýmä evewi Rv g gmwr` evqzzj gvkvïm Rv g gmwr`, ww½vgvwbk emg wewe Rv g gmwr`, ivgf`ªcyi PviAvbv ivpx Rv g gmwr`

255 254 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei GKK A_ vq b wbwg Z cöwzôvbmg~n: ZwgR Luvb Rv g gmwr` DËi ivgf`ªcyi mi`vievwo Rv g gmwr` f`imä LvbKv kixd, ga ww½vgvwbk, Rv g gv`vwbqv gv`ªvmv I gmwr` ga ww½vgvwbk Rv g gv`vwbqv gv`ªvmv Ges gmwr` g nklvwj `vjvj evwo Rv g gmwr` g bvqviv wmk`vi evwjkv D P we` vjq g bvqviv wmk`vi, gww Kj K jr I nvmcvzvj, gaycyi, kixqzcyi b~ i gw`bv Rv g gmwr`

256 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 255 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi mv n ei GKK A_ vq b wbwg Z cöwzôvbmg~n: ivgf`ªcyi AvK `evwo Rv g gmwr` ivgf`ªcyi Bmjvwgqv gv`ªvmv ivpx evwo gmwr` m` vi evwo Rv g gmwr` wmk`vi MÖæ ci Avi A vû Avi Gwf qkb

257 256 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z wmk`vi MÖæ ci Avi A vû Avi Gwf qkb

258 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 257 KB wi mvu AvevwmK GjvKv

259 258 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z KB wi mvu AvevwmK GjvKv

260 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 259 dv KU wi mvu, _vbj vû

261 260 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z

262 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 261

263 262 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z cøvbqv wfd wfjv

264 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 263 RW. GBP. wmk`vi kwcs Kg cø, wbgzjv, gywýmä

265 264 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z

266 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 265 wgwjwbqvg B Uvi b vkbvj B zj, iv qievrvi, XvKv Inner Side view of Z. H. Sikder University of Science & Technology

267 266 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z

268 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 267 g bvqviv Natural wmk`vi View gww Kj of K jr Monowara I nvmcvzvj, Sikder kixqzcyi Medical College & Hospital, Modhupur, shariatpur

269 268 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z

270 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 269 RW. GBP. wmk`vi BDwbfvwm wu Ae mvbý A vû UK bvjwr Gi iv Zi bv `wbk ` k

271 270 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z

272 Rqbyj nk wmk`vi e wzµgx e w³z 271 RW. GBP. wmk`vi kwcs Kg cø, wmivrw`lvb, gywýmä