mvi Kv wgwwqv GBW mvwf mm 85/1, mv d qzdjøvn jb, dwkivcyj XvKv-1000

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1 köwgk 1

2 köwgk Sramik: A BILS Journal, July-December 2015 RyjvB-wW m ^i, 2015 m úv`kxq Dc `óv cwil` gmevndïxb Avn g` gv: gwreyi ingvb f~tv Aa vwckv Rvnvbviv emg ivq i gk P `ª cöavb m úv`k briæj Bmjvg Lvb m úv`k ˆmq` myjzvb DwÏb Avn ` e e vcbv Gg G ingvb mnkvix m úv`k dvwiev Zvevmmyg gỳ ªY mvi Kv wgwwqv GBW mvwf mm 85/1, mv d qzdjøvn jb, dwkivcyj XvKv-1000 cökvkk dªwwik BevU w duvs-gi mn hvwmzvq evsjv `k Bbw wudu Ae jevi vwwr-wej&m (Supported by Friedrich Ebert Stiftung -FES) evwo: 20, mok 11 (bzzb) 32 (cyivzb), avbgwû, XvKv. dvb , , d v : B- gbj: bils@citech.net &I qe: ISSN :

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5 m~wpcî ÿz`ªvk wzi wrý cvkvk KviLvbv I köwgk `i Ae vb I Ae vi Dbœq b KiYxq: KivbxMÄ, XvKv-wfwËK GKwU M elyv 7-17 gvmv. gvn&ryev D di `Šmx emikvwi nvmcvzv j Kg iz 3q I 4_ köwyi bvix Kg Pvix `i gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿvi ez gvb Ae v I KiYxq izœv emg Avw`evmx g q `i wedwu cvj v i AvMgb, Zvi KviY Ges ez gv b Zv `i Av_ mvgvwrk Ae v 38Ñ46 nvmvb Avj Avãyjøvn nwem Ä Pv-kªwgK `i my hvm-myweav I Kv Ri cwi ek ˆmq` gvkvid nv mb 47Ñ57 Mv g Um wk í köwgk Am šívl: KviY, cöfve I DËi Yi Dcvq: GKwU mgxÿv 58Ñ77 KvImvi nvmvbb KvV-wkíkÖwgK `i Ici cwipvwjz M elyv gv: Avwidzi ingvb 78Ñ88 XvKv `wÿy wmwu K c v ik bi cwi QbœZv Kg x `i kög AwaKvi m PZbZv Ges ckvmz ^v I wbivcëv-msµvší ez gvb Ae v 89Ñ104 KvwbR dv Zgv Lvb ævulnerability Assessment And After Award Services For Rana Plaza Survivors And Their Family Members 105Ñ108 kviwgb Av³vi 5

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7 ÿz`ªvk wzi wrý cvkvk KviLvbv I köwgk `i Ae vb I Ae vi Dbœq b KiYxq: KivbxMÄ, XvKv-wfwËK GKwU M elyv Ñ gvmv. gvn&ryev D di `Šmx f wgkv evsjv ` ki A_ bwzk mg w AR b ˆZwi cvkvkwk íi Ae`vb Ab ^xkvh we klz ˆZwi cvkvkwkí ißvwb Lv Zi kx l Ae vb K i wemz K qk `kk a i m e v P ˆe `wkk gỳ ªv AR b K i Q Avi G ˆZwi cvkvkwk íi Awe Q` GKwU Ask n jv ÿz`ªvk wzi wrý KviLvbv G ai bi kz kz KviLvbv Qwo q Av Q XvKv I Gi Avkcv ki K qkwu GjvKvq Gme KviLvbvq Kg iz köwg Kiv AwaKvskB Aíeq bvix I cyiæl hw`i ˆZwi cvkvkwk íi cöe w i PvKv mpj ivl Z ÿz`ªvk wzi wrý cvkvk KviLvbvi köwg Kiv K Vvi cwikög Ki Q Zvi cii Gme köwg Kiv b vh grywi, my hvm-myweav n Z ewâz n Q XvKvi KivbxM Ä Aew Z `kwu ÿz`ªvk wzi wrý KviLvbv I cvkvkköwg Ki Ici Rwic Pvwj q Gme Z_ cviqv hvq G `i AwaKvskB AZ ší Kg grywi Z, A ^v Ki cwi e k KvR Ki Q Gme KviLvbvq Kg iz bvixköwg Kiv gvz Z Kvjxb AeKvk Dc fv Mi my hvm n Z ewâz kög AvBb Abyhvqx Kv bv KviLvbvq PvKwii gqv` 6 gvm c~y n j bvixköwg Ki cöm~wzkj vy myweav fvm Ki Z cv ib, A_ vr Kv bv bvixköwgk Zvi mšívb cöm ei Av M 8 mßvn I c i 8 mßvn gvu 16 mßvn ezbmn G QzwU fvm Ki Z cv ib wkš Gme KviLvbvi bvixköwgkiv Mf ezx n j Zv `i K webv ez b QzwU KvUv Z nq A_ev KvR n Z Ae vnwz `Iqv nq M elyvi hšw³kzv XvKvi KivbxM Ä ÿz`ªvk wzi wrý KviLvbv Z Kg iz köwgk `i Ici cwipvwjz ez gvb M elyv G mkj KviLvbvq Kg iz kªwgk `i mvwe K Ae v m ú K Rvb Z mnvqzv Ki e Gi d j ÿz`ªvk wzi wrý KviLvbvq Kg iz köwgk `i wewfbœ mgm v ˆ`b -`ỳ kv m ^ Ü ^ Q aviyv cviqv hv e Ges mkj Drm wn m e KvR Ki e M elyvi Z_ mvaviy RbM Yi g a m PZbZv eva M o Zvjvi ÿ Î I BwZevPK f~wgkv cvjb Ki e GQvov köwg KivI Zv `i AwaKvi m ú K m PZb n e M elyvi D Ïk M elyv GjvKvi köwgk `i Av_ -mvgvwrk Ae v I Zv `i AwaKvi m ú K Rvbv Ges köwgk AwaKvi c~i Y fwel r KiYxq wba viy Kiv G M elyvi gšwjk D Ïk GQvov GB M elyvi Rvbvi D Ïk jv n jv : köwg Kiv b vh grywi cv Q wk bv Zv Rvbv 7

8 köwgk `i ÿ Î kög AvBb I AvšÍR vwzk kög AvBb KZUzKz cö qvm n Q Zv Rvbv köwgk `i gvbevwakvi KZUzKz c~iy n Q Zv Rvbv köwgk `i KviLvbvi Ae v m ú K Rvbv köwgk `i Kg j KZUzKz ^v, wbivc` I Kg -Dc hvmx Zv m ú K Rvbv M elyv GjvKv I Z_ msmö ni bgybv wba viy M elyv GjvKv wn m e XvKv- KivbxMÄ GjvKvq M o IVv ÿz`ªvk wzi wrý KviLvbv i q Q mb GjvKv K mvgwmök wn m e biqv n q Q Z_ msmön Kivi Rb KivbxMÄ GjvKv K 5wU fv M fvm Kiv n q Q h_v : 1. KvjxMÄ 2. ZjNvU 3. AvwjbMi, KvjxMÄ 4. bvgvcvov 5. KjvwZqv GB cuvpwu GjvKv n Z 10wU K i 25 Rb bvix I 25 Rb cyiæl gvu 50 Rb cvkvkköwg Ki KvQ _ K Z_ msmön Kwi I cöwzwu GjvKvi 2wU KviLvbvi gvwjkmn gvu 10wU KviLvbvi gvwj Ki KvQ _ K KviLvbv m ú K Z_ msmön Kwi M elyvq cövß Z_ vewj ÿz`ªvk wzi wrý cvkvk KviLvbv I köwgk `i Ae vi Dbœq b KiYxq: KivbxMÄ, XvKvwfwËK GKwU M elyv KviLvbvi köwgk-m úwk Z Uey jkb mviwy-1 : wrý KviLvbvq Kg iz köwgk `i eqm köwgk `i eqm MYmsL v kzkiv % % % % gvu % DwjøwLZ mviwy Z gvu köwgk 50 Rb, hv `i g a 20 _ K 30 eq ii köwgk `i eq mi nvi ewk hvi MYmsL v 23, kzkiv nvi 46 Ges eq ii köwgk `i eq mi nvi me wb œ, hvi MYmsL v 1 Ges kzkiv 2 8

9 mviwy- 2 : köwgk `i ˆeevwnK Ae v-m úwk Z mviwy ˆeevwnK Ae v köwgkmsl v (MYmsL v) kzkiv nvi weevwnz AweevwnZ gvu DwjøwLZ mviwy Z gvu 50 köwg Ki g a 22 Rb weevwnz, hv kzkiv 44 I 28 Rb köwgk AweevwnZ, hv kzkiv 56 mviwy-3 : köwgk `i wkÿvmz hvm Zvm úwk Z mviwy köwg Ki wkÿvmz hvm Zv köwgkmsl v (MYmsL v) kzkiv nvi wkÿvmz hvm Zv bb (0) 04 8 cöv_wgk wkÿv MÖnY (cö_g _ K câg köyx cvk) gva wgk wkÿv MÖnY (lô _ K Gm.Gm.wm cvk) gvu DwjøwLZ mviwy Z gvu köwgk 50 Rb hvi g a wkÿvmz hvm Zv bb 04 R bi, hv gvu köwg Ki 08% cöv_wgk wkÿv Av Q 26 R bi, hv kzkiv 52 köwgk `i g a ewkmsl K köwgk cöv_wgk wkÿv MÖnY K i Q mviwy-4 : köwgk `i cwiev ii m`m msl vi mviwy köwg Ki cwiev ii m`m msl v köwgkmsl v (MYmsL v) kzkiv nvi gvu D jøwlz mviwy Z gvu 50 Rb köwg Ki g a 35 Rb köwg Ki cwiev ii m`m (4-6) Rb, hv kzkiv 70 I 5 Rb köwg Ki cwiev ii m`m (6-8) Rb, hv kzkiv 10 9

10 mviwy-5 : köwgk `i Kg iz cöwzôv bi aib-m úwk Z mviwy cöwzôv bi aib KviLvbvi msl v (MYmsL v) kzkiv nvi `kxq ißvwbgylx 0 0 gvu DwjøwLZ mviwy Z gvu 50 Rb köwg Ki g a 50wU KviLvbv `kxq, hv kzkiv 100 mviwy-6 : KviLvbvq köwgk `i c`we m úwk Z mviwy cöwzôv b köwgk `i c`we köwg Ki msl v (MYmsL v) kzkiv nvi njcvi 2 04 KvUvi njcvi 0 0 Acv iui KvUvig vb 2 04 wdwbwks g vb 0 0 c vwks g vb 0 0 gvu DwjøwLZ mviwy Z 50 Rb köwg Ki g a njcvi 2 Rb, hvi kzkiv nvi 04 Acv iui 46 Rb, hvi kzkiv nvi 92 Ges K vuvig vb 2 Rb, hvi kzkiv nvi 4 mviwy-7 : cöwzôv b köwgk `i Kv Ri mgq Kv Ri mgq köwg Ki msl v (MYmsL v) kzkiv nvi gvu DwjøwLZ mviwy Z NÈvi köwy e eav b MYmsL v 35, hvi kzkiv nvi 70 Ges NÈvi köwy e eav b MYmsL v 15, hvi kzkiv nvi 30 10

11 mviwy-8 : Kv Ri Pzw³i aiy-m úwk Z mviwy Pzw³i aib MYmsL v kzkiv gvwmk mvßvwnk ˆ`wbK 0 0 AW vi-wfwëk ( cövwvkkb) 03 6 gvu DwjøwLZ mviwy Z `Lv hvq gvu 50 Rb köwg Ki g a 32 Rb köwgk gvwmkwfwëk KvR K i, hv kzkiv 64 Ges AW vi-wfwëk 3 Rb köwgk, hvi kzkiv nvi 6 mviwy-9 : cöwzôv b köwgk `i ezb köwgk `i ezb MYmsL v kzkiv gvu DwjøwLZ mviwy Z köwy e eavb Gi kzkiv nvi 62 Ges Gi kzkiv nvi 2 GQvov köwgk `i me wb œ ezb 2000 I m e v P ezb 8000 UvKv AZGe m e v P ezb 8000 me wb œ ezb (-) /2 = 3000/- AZGe köwg Ki Mo ezb 3000/- mviwy-10 : gvz Z Kvjxb QzwUi e e v gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU köwg Ki msl v (MYmsL v) kzkiv nvi Av Q 0 0 bvb gvu DwjøwLZ mviwy Z gvz Z Kvjxb QzwUi e e v _ K `Lv hvq, köwgk `i gvz Z Kvjxb QzwUi Kv bv e e v bb 11

12 ÿz`ªvk wzi wrý cvkvk KviLvbv I köwgk `i Ae vi Dbœq b KiYxq : KivbxMÄ, XvKvwfwËK GKwU M elyv KviLvbvi köwgk-m úwk Z Uey jkb mviwy-1 : KviLvbvi aib-m úwk Z mviwy KviLvbvi aib KviLvbvi msl v (MYmsL v) kzkiv `kxq ißvwbgylx 0 0 gvu DwjøwLZ mviwy Z 10wU KviLvbvi g a 10wU KviLvbv `kxq, hv kzkiv 100 I ißvwbgylx KviLvbv 0 hv kzkiv 0 ejv hvq AwaKvsk KviLvbv `kxq evrv ii Ici wbf ikxj mviwy-2 : KviLvbvq Kg iz köwgkmsl v KviLvbv cyiæl bvix gvu (köwgk) 1g q q _ g ô g g g g gvu DwjøwLZ mviwy Z `Lv hvq, 10wU KviLvbvq köwgk `i gvu msl v 149 Rb hvi g a cyiæl köwgk 115 Rb I bvix köwgk 34 Rb AZGe, bvixköwg Ki Zzjbvq cyiælköwg Ki msl v ewk mviwy-3 : bvix I cyiælköwg Ki msl v köwgk msl v (Rb) KviLvbv (wu) Mo kzkiv bvix cyiæl gvu köwgk DwjøwLZ mviwy Z `Lv hvq 10wU KviLvbvq, 34 Rb bvixköwgk i q Q, hv `i Mo 3.4 Rb I kzkiv I cyiæl 115 Rb, köwg Ki Mo 11.5 Rb, hv kzkiv AZGe, 10wU KviLvbvq cyiælköwgk bvixköwg Ki Zzjbvq ewk 12

13 mviwy-4 : KviLvbvq köwg Ki aib wnmv e kzkiv köwgk `i c`we gvu msl v (Rb) KviLvbv (wu) kzkiv nvi njcvi KvUvi njcvi Acv iui KvUvig vb wdwbwks g vb c vwks g vb 0 0 gvu mviwy Z 149 Rb köwg Ki g a Acv iui 121 Rb, hvi kzkiv nvi AZGe köwgk `i g a Acv iu ii msl v ewk mviwy-5 : KviLvbvi AvqZb-m úwk Z mviwy KviLvbv KviLvbvi ˆ`N (dzu) cö (dzu) ÿîdj (em dzu) 1g q q _ g ô g g g g gvu Mo DwjøwLZ mviwy Z `Lv hvq, 10wU KviLvbvi gvu AvqZb 7482 em dyu Ges ˆ`N 300 dzu I cö 243 dzu AZGe, Mo ˆ`N 30 dzu, cö 24.3 dzu Ges Mo ÿîdj em dzu mviwy-6 : KviLvbvi c qvwb vkb-e e vm úwk Z mviwy KviLvbvi KviLvbvi wbr ^ GKvwaK KviLvbvi Rb 13

14 Uq ju KviLvbv bs cyiæl (wu) gwnjv (wu) hš_ (wu) KviLvbvi msl v (wu) Uq ju msl v (wu) 1g q q _ g ô g g g g gvu kzkiv nvi DwjøwLZ mviwy Z 10wU KviLvbvi g a KviLvbvi = qvwb vkb wbr ^ e e v Av Q, hvi kzkiv nvi 10 Ges gwnjv `i Rb Uq ju Av Q kzkiv nvi 10 Ges hš_ Uq j Ui kzkiv nvi 70 AviI gvu 23wU KviLvbvq Uq ju Av Q gvî 4wU mviwy-7 : wbivc` cvbxq R ji e e vm úwk Z mviwy wbivc` cvbxq Rj KviLvbv (MYmsL v) kzkiv Av Q bvb 0 0 gvu DwjøwLZ mviwy Z `Lv hvq, 10wU KviLvbvq wbivc` cvwbi e e v i q Q, hv kzkiv 100 KviY Zviv wbivc` bjk ci cvwb cvb K i 14

15 mviwy-8 : KviLvbvi Av jv-evzv mi e e vm úwk Z mviwy KviLvbv fw U jui Rvbvjv `irv 1g q q _ g ô g g g g gvu DwjøwLZ mviwy Z `Lv hvq, 10wU KviLvbvq fw U jui Av Q 8wU, Rvbvjv Av Q 28wU Ges `irv Av Q 10wU mviwy-9 : KviLvbvi wbivcëvrwbz e e v wbivcëve e v KviLvbv msl v MYmsL v kzkiv Av b bfv bvi hš wekí wmuwo 0 0 gvu DwjøwLZ mviwy Z `Lv hvq, 10wU KviLvbvi Kv bvwu ZB Av b bfv bvi hš I wekí wmuwoi e e v bb mviwy-10 : köwg Ki msl v I Pzw³i aib-m úwk Z mviwy KviLvbv bs köwg Ki Kv Ri aib vqx A vqx Pzw³wfwËK 15 gvu 1g q q _ g ô g g g g gvu kzkiv

16 DwjøwLZ mviwy Z `Lv hvq 10wU KviLvbvq 149 Rb köwg Ki g a vqx 11 Rb, hv kzkiv 7.48, A vqx 82 Rb kzkiv 55.03, Pzw³wfwËK 56 Rb, kzkiv Rb myzivs A vqx köwg Ki msl v ewk KviLvbvi gvwjk I köwgk `i _ K msmönk Z Z _ i g a e eavb: KviLvbvi köwgk I gvwjk `i KvQ _ K cökœc Îi gva g h mkj DcvË msmön Kiv nq, m mkj Dcv Ëi g a köwgk `i AwaKvi-m úwk Z cv_ K `Lv hvq, hv wb œ Av jvkcvz Kiv n jv: KviLvbvi gvwjk `i KvQ _ K cövß Dcv Ë köwgk `i gvwmk M o 3500 UvKv grywi wn m e cö`vb Kiv nq Ab w` K köwgk `i KvQ _ K cövß Z _ i wfwë Z köwgk `i gvwmk Mo grywi 3000 UvKv Z e köwgk `i g a njcvi Kg grywi wb q KvR K i KviLvbvi gvwjk `i KvQ _ K cövß Z _ köwgk `i cöwzw`b wbw` ó mgq wn m e 11 NÈv KvR Ki Z nq wkš köwgk `i KvQ _ K cövß Dcv Ë köwgk `i NÈv KvR Ki Z nq KviLvbvi gvwjk `i KvQ _ K cövß Dcv Ë 20% KviLvbvi gvwjk `yn UbvRwbZ ÿwzc~iy cö`vb K i wkš köwgk `i KvQ _ K cövß Z_ gvî 16% köwgk ÿwzc~iyrwbz myweav fvm Ki Z cv i DwjøwLZ e eavbmg~n gvwjk I köwgk `i KvQ _ K msm nxz Dcv Ë cviqv hvq M elyvq cövß DcvË g~j vqb evsjv `k kög AvBb, evsjv `k msweavb I AvšÍR vwzk kög ms vq köwgk `i b vh AwaKvi cöwzôvi Rb ejv n q Q, hvi gva g kögrxex gvbyl Zvi gšwjk gvbevwakvi cöwzôv Ki Z cv i evsjv ` ki D jøl hvm kögrxex gvbyl evsjv ` ki ˆZwi cvkvkwk íi mv _ cöz ÿ I c ivÿfv e m úwk Z hvi GKwU D jøl hvm Ask n jv KivbxMÄ GjvKvi wrý ˆZwi cvkvk KviLvbvi köwgkiv G mkj köwgkiv h mkj KviLvbvq wb qvwrz i q Q, m mkj KviLvbv I köwgk `i Ae v I Ae vi Dbœq b KiYxq wk ivbv g M elyvi Rb msmönk Z DcvË K evsjv `k kög AvBb-2006, evsjv `k msweavb I AvšÍR vwzk kög ms vi wewfbœ avivi Av jv K wb œ Av jvpbv Kiv n jv : evsjv `k kög AvBb-2006 evsjv `k kög AvB b cvkvkwkí KviLvbvq wb qvwrz köwgk `i AwaKvi cöwzôvi Rb wewfbœ avivq ejv n q Q, hv wewfbœ w`k _ K wb œ Av jvpbv Kiv n jv evsjv `k kög AvBb-2006 Gi Aa vq-2, aviv-3 G cö Z K cöwzôv bi köwgkm Yi wb qvm I ZrmsµvšÍ Avbylw½K Ab vb welqvw` K_v, aviv-5 G 16

17 wb qvmcî I cwipqcî, aviv-20 G QuvUvB-Gi K_v ejv _vk ji KivbxMÄwfwËK G mkj KviLvbvi GiKg Kv bv ai bi wbqg gvbv nq bv evsjv `k kög AvBb-2006 Gi aviv-34 G ejv n q Q Kv bv cvkvk ev cöwzôv b Kv bv wkï K wb qvm Kiv hv e bv ev KvR Ki Z `Iqv hv e bv cÿvší i KivbxMÄ wfwëk KviLvbvi Ici M elyvq köwgk `i h eq m köwy Kiv n q Q mlv b (10-20) eqi eq mi köwgk `i msl v 38% hv Z evsv hvq kög AvB bi K_v m mkj cöwzôv b gvbv nqwb evsjv `k kög AvBb-2006 Gi aviv-108 G Kv bv cövßeq köwgk Kv bv cöwzôv b mßv n 48 NÈvi ewk KvR Ki Z cvi eb bv Z e kz _v K h, Kv bv mßv n D³iƒc Kv bv köwg Ki gvu Kg mgq lvu NÈvi AwaK n e bv Ges Kv bv erm i Dnv M o cöwz mßv n Qvàvbœ NÈvi AwaK n e bv wkš GB M elyvq `Lv hvq köwgk `i K ˆ`wbK M o NÈv KvR Ki Z nq, hv mßv n 70 NÈv KvR Ki Z nq, hv kög AvBb cwicš x evsjv `k kög AvBb Gi 94 bs avivq wkï-wk kvi ejv Av Q Pwjøk ev Z ZvwaK gwnjv köwgk wb qvwrz Av Qb Giƒc cö Z K cöwzôv b Zv `i Qq erm ii Kg eqmx wkïmšívb `i e env ii Rb GK ev GKvwaK Dchy³ K ÿi e e v I iÿyv eÿy Ki Z n e cÿvší i G M elyvq hw`i KviLvbvi 40 Gi ewk gwnjv köwgk bvb, Z_vwcI GLvbKvi KviLvbv jv 30 _ K 40wU KviLvbv Gmv _ Aew Z hlv b A bk gwnjv köwgk wb qvwrz i q Q ZvB ejv hvq mkj ÿz`ª ÿz`ª KviLvbvi gvwjk `i wg j wkï Kÿ e e v Kiv hšw³k evsjv `k kög AvBb-2006 G köwgk `i kög AwaKvi cöwzôvq GKwU wjwlz `wjj, wkš G M elyvq `Lv hvq h 42% köwg Ki kög AvBb m ú K Kv bv aviyv bb evsj `k msweavb: evsjv `k msweav b kögrxex gvby li AwaKvi cöwzôvi Rb 14 bs avivq köwgk kvly n Z gyw³i K_v ejv Av Q GQvov 34 bs Aby Q` Rei`w Í kög wbwl Ki Yi K_v ejv Av Q I 40 bs avivq ckv I e wëi ^vaxbzvi K_v ejv i q Q wkš G mkj Kv bv welq KivbxMÄ GjvKvi ÿz`ª ÿz`ª wrý KviLvbvq köwgk `i fvm Dbœq b cö qvm n Q bv AvšÍR vwzk kög ms v (ILO): evsjv ` k AvšÍR vwzk kög ms v (ILO) Gi 87, 98 I 187 bs Kb fbk b kög AwaKvi cöwzôvi K_v ejv n q Q wkš KivbxMÄwfwËK G mkj KviLvbvq ILO Kb fbkb Kv bv cöfve dj Z cv iwb 17

18 emikvwi nvmcvzv j Kg iz 3q I 4_ köwyi bvix Kg Pvix `i gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿvi ez gvb Ae v I KiYxq * ÑiZœv emg f~wgkv gvz Z jvf bvixi ^vfvwek Rxebhvc bib GKwU Ask Ges AwZ iæz c~y mvgvwrk `vwqz I e U GKRb bvixi Rxe b gv niqvi P q MŠei, AvZ Z wß eva nq Avi wkqy ZB bb GwU gnvb Avjøvn cv Ki `Iqv GK Amxg Avkxe v` Ges m vb ez gv b bvixiv ïay M nea~ bb AvR Zviv M ni evb ii wewfbœ ai bi Drcv`bgyLx I m Rbkxj Kv R m ú ³ n Qb hw`i Zv gvu (49.5 wgwjqb) kªgkw³i Zzjbvq mvgvb cwigvy (12.1 wgwjqb), wkš m e vcwi Zv ` ki mvwe K Dbœq b GKwU iæz c~y f~wgkv cvjb Ki Q Z_vwc bvixi Kg ÿî AvRI Kzmygv ÍxY bq Zv K KvR Ki Z nq bvbv ai bi cöwzk~jzvi gv S mnkg x `i Amn hvwmzv, Awdm KZ c ÿi AvPiY, iv ÍvNvU, me ÿ Î bvix GKwU weij Ae vq wu K _ K hy K i Zvi Ici me bvixib GKwU Ab Zg `ywðšív n jv gvz Z Kvjxb QywU wb q Kbbv gvz Z Ggb GKwU bvryk mgq h, GB mg q GKUz Awbqg gv I wkï Df qib g Zz W K Avb Z cv i ZvB gv K Ab vb mg qi Zzjbvq GKwU evowz my hvm-myweav w` Z ejv nq hw`i gv q `i Avgiv ewj hzuv m e m PZb _vk Z, wkš Mf Kvjxb wkqy Dc ` ki g a ga vnèkvjxb 1-2 NÈv wekªvg Mf ezx cö Z KwU gv q `i Aek B g b Pjv DwPZ hv PvKwiiZ gv q `i A bk mgq g b Pjv m e nq bv d j A b KB PvKwi Qvo Z eva nb hv Avgv `i cwievi I mgvr Rxeb Df qi Rb B Pig ÿwzi ZvB ` ki kªgkw³ bvixi Ae`vb Ges bvixi wekvk e w, `ÿ Rbej a i ivlv, my fwelr cörb Ges m e vcwi mgzv I b vqwepv ii ^v _ bvixi Rb gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv wbwðz Kiv GKwU AMÖvwaKvi cövß KvR GKwU mȳ gvbervwz MV b bvix K Rxe bi GB we kl Ges iæz c~y mg q mnvqzv `Iqv h Kv bv iv óªi `vwqz Kbbv GKRb mȳ gv gv b GKRb mȳ mšívb, GKRb mȳ mšívb gv b GKwU my RvwZ Avi GKwU mȳ RvwZ gv b GKwU mȳ fwel r G ÿ Î mg qi cö qvr b gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv AvšÍR vwzk I RvZxqfv e bvbvwea D ` vm MÖnY K i Q Zvi g a Ab Zg n jv AvBGjI KZ K mb` MÖnY me Rbxb gvbevwakvi NvlYv-1948, A_ bwzk, mvgvwrk I mvs wzk AwaKviwelqK AvšÍR vwzk Pzw³, bvixi cöwz mkj cökvi ˆelg we jvc mb` (wmwwi) * GB M elyvwu cwipvjbvi mgq mikvwi PvKwiRxex `i gvz Z Kvjxb QywU Pvi gvm wqj, ciez x Z 6 gvm Kiv nq 18

19 Avi evsjv ` k gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿvi wewaweavb wn m e mikvix PvKwi wewa, evsjv `k kªg AvBb-2006, I wewfbœ cöwzôv b wbr ^ PvKwi wewa i q Q GQvov ez gvb mikvi Lye m cöwz gvz Z Kvjxb QywU 4 gvm _ K 6 gvm Kivi NvlYv w` q Q GUv Aek B GKUv AZ ší Avb `i e vcvi wkš ewki fvm bvix hviv kªg AvB bi AvIZvq _vkv m Ë I gvwj Ki AbvMÖn Ae njvi Kvi Y gvz Z Kvjxb QywU _ K ewâz n Qb GgbB GKwU LvZ n jv evsjv ` ki emikvix nvmcvzvj GB nvmcvzvjmg~ ni g a wbw` ó K qkwu nvmcvzv j mikvwi wbqgbxwz Abyhvqx gvz Z Kvjxb QywU w` Z `Lv M Q Kv bv nvmcvzv j gvz Z Kvjxb QywU ezbmn 45 w`b ( m Uªvj nvmcvzvj), Kv bv nvmcvzv j ezbmn 2 gvm (kgwizv nvmcvzvj), Kv bv nvmcvzv j ezb Qvov GK gvm (Kg dvu nvmcvzvj), Kv bv nvmcvzv j ezbmn 4 gvm, (ccyjvi úkvjvbrw nvmcvzvj), Kv bv nvmcvzv j 4 gvm ezbmn (Be b wmbv nvmcvzvj) w` Z `Lv M Q GQvov nvmcvzvj jv Z Mf ve vq evowz my hvm-myweavi h _ó Afve i q Q D P kªwy (1g I 2q kªwy Kg Pvix) jv Z Kg iz gwnjviv nqz GKUz my hvm-mweav c ji c Z cv ib, wkš hviv 3q I 4_ kªwy Z Kg iz i q Qb, Zv `i Ae v Avk¼vRbKfv e kvpbxq Zviv cöwzôvb _ K hgb Kv bv evowz my hvm-myweav cv Qb bv Zgwb Kg ez bi Kvi Y wb Ri cö qvrb _vkv m Ë I m mkj mev µq Ki Z cvi Qb bv Zey Zviv wbiæcvq n q kz cöwzk~jzvi gv SI g Zz SyuwK wb q KvR K i hv Qb Rxeb I RxweKvi ZvwM ` Gi dj wn m e gv I wkïg Zz w`b w`b e w cv Q wkš gvz Z RwbZ myiÿv cviqvi AwaKvi bvixi hgb gšwjk gvbevwakvi, Zgwb GUv mgvr Ges iv óªi GKUv Aek cöwzcvjb hvm `vwqz hvi jsnb ïay bvix KB ÿwzmö Í K i bv cÿvší i Kg iz cöwzôvb mgvr I ivóª KI ÿwzmö Í K i ZvB ejv hvq h, emikvwi nvmcvzv j Kg iz 3q I 4_ kªwyi bvix Kg Pvix `i wb q we Íi M elyvi cö qrb i q Q Kbbv mgv Ri GKwU As ki bvixiv ewâz n j Zv cy iv mgvr K cöfvwez K i gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv aviyv Ges gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv AvBbmg~n gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿvi aviyv gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv g~jz Ggb wkqy Kg m~vp, e e v I my hvm-myweavi mgwó hv bvix `i K Zv `i Mf aviy I mšívb Rb `vb I jvjb-cvjbmsµvší f~wgkv cvj bi mv _ mswkøó cö qvrbmg~n we epbvq i L cö`vb Kiv nq GK K_vq e j `Iqv hvq evsjv ` k Kv bv bvix kªwgk-kg PvixB c~y v½ gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv fvm K i bv Zv wzwb mikvwi ev emikvwi h m± ib KvR Kiæb bv Kb Kbbv c~y v½ gvz Z Kvjxb 19

20 myweav ej Z AvšÍRvw ZK kªgms v AvBGjI, bvixi Rb RvwZms Ni Ab Zg iæz c~y `wjj wm Wv (CEDAW) mn Ab vb AvšÍR vwzk gvb Abyhvqx hv evsvq Zv n jv : Mf ezx Ae vq PvKwiPz wz Ges wbh vzb _ K myiÿv cviqv PvKwi nviv bvi fq QvovB gvz Z Kvjxb QywU fvu Ki Z cviv gvz Z Kvjxb QywU KvUv bvi mgq ezb ev grywi mywbwðz _vkv Kv R hvm`v bi c ii GKwUv wbw` ó mgq ch ší ev Pv K ey Ki `ya LvIqv Z cviv ev Pv niqvi Av M I c i cö qvrbxq wpwkrmvmyweav cviqv Ges Qq eq ii Kgeqmx ev Pvi Rb Kg ÿ Î h Kqvi m Uv ii myweav cviqv BZ vw` evsvq gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv AvBb (AvšÍR vwzk I Af šíixy AvBGjI mb`) AvšÍR vwzk kªg ms v-avbgji Kb fbkb G ch ší gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv wbwðzki Y wzbwu mb` MÖnY Ki Q G jv n jv : gvz Z myiÿv mb` 1919 (mb` bs-03) gvz Z myiÿv mb` (ms kvwaz) 1952 (mb` bs-103) gvz Z myiÿv mb` 2000 (mb` bs-183) [evsjv `k GKwU mb`i ^vÿi K iwb] GQvov AvBGjI Kb fbkb-156 Gi AvIZvq mšívb R b i mgq ev c i cyiæl Kg Pvixi wcz Z QywUi Av e`b Ki Z cvi eb A ªwjqv, Aw ªqv, KvbvWv, BmivBj, Rvcvb, b`vij vû, wbdwrj vû cöf wz ` k wcz Z QywUi weavb i q Q me Rbxb gvbevwakvi NvlYv-1948 cö Z KiB wb Ri I wbr cwiev ii ^v I Kj v Yi wbwgë ch vß Rxebgv bi AwaKvi i q Q Lv`, e, evm vb, wpwkrmv I cö qvrbxq mvgvwrk mevg~jk Kvh vw`i my hvm Ges ekviz, cxov, AÿgZv, ˆeae A_ev Awbevh Kvi Y Rxebhvc bi AcviMZvi Kvi Y wbivcëv jvf GB AwaKv ii AšÍfy ³ (Aby Q`-25(1)) gvz Z I ˆkke Ae vq cö Z K we kl hzœ I mnvqzv jv fi AwaKvix ˆeevwnK eü bi d j A_ev ˆeevwnK eü bi evb i hfv eb f~wgô nvk bv Kb, mkj wkïb Awfbœ mvgvwrk wbivcëv fvm Ki e (Ab Q`-25-(2)) 20

21 A_ bwzk, mvgvwrk I mvs wzk AwaKvi-welqK AvšÍR vwzk Pzw³-1996 wkïi R b i c~ e I c i GKUv hyw³msmz mg qi Rb gv q `i K we kl myiÿv cö`vb Ki Z n e G mgq Kg Rxex gv q `i K ezbmn QywU A_ev ch vß mvgvwrk wbivcëv-myweavmn QywU cö`vb Ki Z n e (Aby Q`-10(2)) bvixi cöwz mkj cökvi ˆelg we jvc mb` (wmwi) 1979 weevn A_ev gvz Z i Kvi Y bvixi cöwz ˆelg `~ixkiy Ges Zv `i djcªm~ KvR Kivi wbðqzv weavb Kivi Rb cÿfy³ ivóªmg~n h_vh_ e e v MÖnY Ki e K) Mf aviy A_ev gvz Z RwbZ QywU Ges ˆeevwnK Kvi Y bvix K PvKwi _ K eilv Íi ÿ Î ˆelg wbwl Ki Z n e L) c~ e i PvKwi, R ôzv A_ev mvgvwrk fvzvw` nviv bv e wz i K ezb A_ev mvgvwrk myweavmn gvz Z Kvjxb QywU cöez b Ki Z n e (Aby Q`-11 (2) GQvov Meternity Benefit Act-1961 Ges Employes state Insurance Act Gi AvIZvq Kg x K ezbmn QywU, wpwkrmv I Avw_ K myweav cö`vb Kiv nq kªxjskvq m ez b gvz Z Kvjxb QywU QvovI mšív bi 6 gvm niqv ch ší Kv Ri duv K Nursing Break `Iqv nq evsjv ` k gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿvi AvBb mikvwi PvKwi wewa evsjv `k kªg AvBb-2006 wewfbœ cöwzôv bi wbr ^ PvKwiwewa mikvwi PvKwiwewa Pvi gv mi gvz Z Kvjxb QywU PvKwiRxe b `ybevi ezbmn QywU gvz Z Kvjxb QywU ÕQywU wnmveõ n e, we qvm n e bv evsjv `k kªg AvBb 2006 I gvz Z Kvjxb myweav m ez b 16 mßvn QywU (mšívb cöm ei Av M 8 mßvn I c i 8 mßvn) (aviv- 46) cöm~wzkj vy fvzv m ú~y bm ` cö`vb (aviv-48) Kg Pz Z bv niqv (aviv-50) Mf ve vq fvix wkqy enb I `uvwo q KvR bv Kiv (aviv-45(3)) AbwaK 6 eq ii wkïi Rb W- Kqvi (aviv-94) 21

22 myweav fv Mi kz GKB gvwj Ki Aax b 6 gv mi Awew Qbœ KvR W- Kqvi m Uv ii Rb KviLvbvi 40 ev 40-Gi AwaK bvixkªwgk Kg iz _vk Z n e AvBb h welq AšÍfy ³ K iwb Mf Kvjxb wpwkrmv myweav Mf Kvjxb RwUjZv Kg j gvz Z RwbZ Kvi Y D ~Z ˆelg ey Ki `ya LvIqv bvi Rb weiwz M elyvi hšw³kzv Kg j bvixi kz mgm vi g a GKwU Ab Zg mgm v n Q gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿvrwbz mgm v GB mgm vi Kvi Y gv q `i wewfbœikg SyuwKc~Y Ae vi m ylxb n Z nq hgb mg qi Av M cöme, Acywó I i³k~b Zv, Kg IR bi wkï Rb, Mf cvz, wekjv½ wkï, cömec~e wkïg Zz mœvqywek A ^vfvwekzv BZ vw` d j `Lv hv Q h, cöwz eqi Avgv `i ` k Mf RwbZ Kvi Y 12,000 _ K 15,00 (wbcmg wi cvu ) bvix g Zz eiy K ib Ges A b K GB Kvi Y PvKzwi Qvo Z eva nb GwU Avgv `i cwievi I mgvr Dfqi Rb B ÿwz ZvB cöwzwu Kg ÿ Î bvixi gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv wbwðz Kivi cö qvrb i q Q Avi GB cö qvrbxqzvi Dcjwä ^iƒc B Zvc~ e emikvwi ÿ Î bvix `i wb q wewfbœ ai bi M elyv n q Q hgb- PvZvj kªwgk, Mv g Um kªwgk, M n-kªwgk Ges wbg vy kªwgk `i wb q wewfbœ mg q M elyv n q Q GgbB emikvix ^v mev Lv Z Kg iz kªwgk `i wb qi M elyv n q Q wkš emikvwi nvmcvzv j Kg iz 3q I 4_ kªwyi bvix Kg Pvix `i gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv wb q B Zvc~ e Kvb M elyv nqwb ZvB mlv b Kg Rxex bvixi gvz Z Kvjxb Ae &v wkiƒc, GmsµvšÍ AvBb cö qv Mi weivrgvb Ae v Ges mswkó AvB bi `ye j w`k jv we køly Kiv gvz Z Kvjxb AvB bi cö qv Mi ÿ Î Kvi Kx f~wgkv niqv DwPZ Zvi cybiv jvpbv cö qvrb Kg ÿ Î bvixi gvz Z Kvjxb AwaKvi K wbwðz Kivi j ÿ Gi my hvm, Dcvq I c wz wb q wbixÿv Kivi cö qvrb Ab ^xkvh M elyvi D Ïk mvaviy D Ïk emikvwi nvmcvzv j Kg iz 3q I 4_ kªwyi bvix Kg Pvix `i gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿvi ez gvb Ae v m ú K AeMZ niqv Ges ez gvb Ae v _ K DËi Yi Dcvq ei Kiv g~jz Avgv `i cöavb D Ïk 22

23 mywbw` ó D Ïk emikvwi nvmcvzv j 3q I 4_ kªwyi bvix Kg Pvix `i gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv m ú K Rvbv ez gv b Zviv Kx ai bi myweav cv Q m m ú K Rvbv cövß gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv Zv `i Rb chvß wk bv? Zviv Kx ai bi KvR K ib? Zviv Zv `i AwaKvi m ú K hzuzkz m PZb m m ú K Rvbv M elyvq e eüz c wz M elyvq e eüz g~j c wz jv wb P Zz j aiv n jv : M elyv bkkv wba viy : cö_ gb M elyvwu myôzfv e cwipvjbv Kivi Rb GKwU M elyv bkkv ˆZwi Kiv n q Q cö qvrbxq DcvË wbw` ókiy : `ywu wel qi Ici DcvË msmön Ki Z n e 3q I 4_ kªwyi bvix Kg Pvix nvmcvzv ji EaŸ Zb Kg KZ v cöv_wgk ch v qi DcvË : cöv_wgk ch v qi Dcv Ëi Rb `ybfv e DcvË msmön Kiv n q Q cö_gz cökœgvjvi gva g msl vzvwë K DcvË Ges wøzxqz PKwj e env ii gva g key person `i mv _ Av jvpbv K i YMZ DcvË msmön Kiv nq msl vzvwë K DcvË K ciez x Z wewfbœ mviwy AvKv ii Ges YMZ DcvË K wi cv U mnvqk wn m e e envi Kiv nq wøzxq ch v q DcvË : wewfbœ M elyvi wi cvu, B.S.S wi cvu, cömwk wcs, wej&m _ K cövß wewfbœ ai bi wjd ju, eªæwkii BZ vw` _ K Z_ msmön Kiv n q Q M elyvi GjvKv : XvKv kn ii avbgwû GjvKvi emikvwi nvmcvzvj jv Gi AvIZvfy³ mvgwmök I we køl Yi GKK : emikvwi nvmcvzv j Kg iz mkj 3q I 4_ kªwyi Kg Pvix GB M elyvi mvgwmök Ges 40 Rb Kg Pvix K M elyv we køl Yi GKK aiv n q Q bgybv wbe vpb : Av jvp M elyvq wkqymsl K myweavi cvkvcvwk mxgve Zvi cwi cöwÿ Z D Ïk g~jkfv e bgyyvqb c wzi e e v K i Km vww Kiv n q Q avbgwû GjvKvi wewfbœ emikvwi nvmcvzv j Kg iz 40 Rb 3q I 4_ kªwy Kg Pvix `i K bgybv wn m e e Q wb q Km vww c wz e envi Kiv n q Q DcvË msmö ni c wz : M elyvi D Ïk K g b i L Km vwwr c wzi Drm Z_v GK Ki mv _ A jvpbv K i GK Ki e³e ï b Ges GK Ki Ae v 23

24 ch eÿy K i Z_ msmön Kiv n q Q Z e NUbv Abya vb mnvqzvi Rb GKwU mvÿvrkvi Abym~wP ˆZwi Kiv n q Q M elyv ` ji m`m iv cö qvrbxq Z_ msmön K i Qb Av M _ K M elyvi D Ïk Abyhvqx GKwU Abym~wP ˆZwi Kiv n qwqj Ges h Abyhvqx Kvh m úv`b Kiv n q Q DcvË msmönkvix : PviRb K i GKwU gvv Rwic wug MVb Kiv nq GB wu gi Rb GKRb mycvifvbrvi wb qvm Kiv n q Q mycvifvbrvi gvv RwicKvix `i Z`viwK I cökœc Îi fyj ms kvab K i Qb Rwic Kv R gvu 10 w`b mgq j M Q cökœcî c~iy I cöavb DËi`vZv `i mvÿvrkvi GB `ywu welq Zv `i K Ki Z n e DcvË msmön : msl vmz Dcv Ëi Rb cö_ g Lmov cökœgvjv ˆZwi K i ciez x Z Zv gvv cixÿy Kiv nq Ges fyjåv ší wvk K i ciez x Z P~ovšÍ cökœgvjv M elyvi D Ï k i Dci wfwë K i Close ended Ges Open ened Dfq ai Yi cökœgvjv ˆZwi Kiv nq Dciš cökgvjv ˆZwi Z wewfbœ Rwic, wi cvu eb, mvgwqkx I wej&m-gi Kg KZ v `i mnvqzv biqv n q Q cökœgvjv c~e cixÿy : me gvu 23wU cökœ Kiv nq Gi g a ek wkqy cö kœi mve MÖæc wqj Ges wej&m Gi EaŸ Zb Kg KZ v `i gzvg Zi Ici wfwë K i cökœgvjv P~ovšÍ Kiv nq DcvË cöwµqvrvzkiy : wkqy Db y³ cökœ K wbe vpb Kiv nq Ges g vbyqvj c wz e envi K i DcvË jv cöwµqvrvz Kiv nq DcvË we køly I e vlv : cökœgvjvi DcvË cöwµqvi ci Ueyjvi AvKv i biqv nq Ges cö qvrbxq Uwej ˆZwi Kiv nq iæz c~y DËi`vZvi mvÿvrkvi : Kv bv GKwU wbw` ó wel q AwaKZi Rv bb wksev AwaKZi AwfÁZv i q Q, GiKg DËi`vZv `i we kl mvÿvrkvi MÖnY Kiv nq G ÿ Î DËi`vZvi H wbw` ó welq Kw `ªK AwfÁZv Ges gzvgz jv Zz j aiv nq cöavbz nvmcvzv ji EaŸ Zb Kg KZ v `i mvÿvrkvi biqv n q Q M elyvi mxgve Zv mvaviyz h Kv bv M elyvi GKwU iæz c~y welq n Q Z_ msmö ni Dcvq ev KŠkj g~jz Z_ msmö ni KŠk ji IciB wbf i K i Z _ i mwvkzv I wbf i hvm Zv Z_ msmö ni Dr mi cöwÿ Z Z_ msmö ni Rb wewfbœ ikg KŠkj e envi Kiv nq GLv b D jøl h Ô emikvwi nvmcvzv j Kg iz bvix Kg Pvix `i gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv ez gvb Ae v I KiYxqÕ kxl K M elyvq Z_ msmö ni Rb mvÿvrkvi c wz AbymiY Kiv nq GB c wz Z A bk myweav hgb DËi`vZvi AwaK nv i DËi jvf, A gšwlk AvPiY, cöz ÿy, cwi ek, 24

25 MwZwbqš Y cö kœi avivevwnkzv iÿy ^Ztù~Z Zv mvÿvr`vzvi wb RB DËi`vb e vck cö qvm hvm Zv BZ vw` _vk j Z_ msmö ni mgq Ab vb c wzi g Zv GB c wz ZI ekwkqy mxgve Zv cwijwÿz nq hgb- M elyv GjvKvwU XvKv kn i niqvq iv ÍvNv U AwZwi³ hvbr Ui Kvi Y M elk `i wba vwiz nvmcvzv j cšqv Z cö Z K Z_ msmönkvix K wewfbœ ai bi nqivwbi ^xkvi n Z nq cökvmwbk I mvsmvwbk wewfbœ ZrciZv Ges gvv ch v q DËi`vZv `i Luy R ei K i cö qvrbxq Z_ msmö ni ÿ Î `xn mgq e q Ki Z nq GB M elyvi c wz mvÿvrkvi c wz niqvq DËi`Zviv mswkøó e w³ `i mv _ Av jvpbv K i DËi cö`v bi my hvm cvb bv ZvB A bk mgq Amg SvZvc~Y DËi cö`vb Ki Z `Lv hvq DËi`vZv K Zvi ˆ`bw `b Kv Ri mg q cö qvrbxq Z_ cö`vb Ki Z nq e j G ÿ Î A bk RwUjZvi m ylxb n Z nq DËi`vZv A bk mgq wb Ri bvg I cwipq Ges ms e`bkxj cö kœi DËi Mvcb Ki Z B QyK _v Kb wkš mvÿvrkv i DËi`vZv Zgb Kv bv my hvm cvb bv d j Zvi KvQ _ K A bk Z_ mwvkfv e ei K i Avbv KwVb n q c o A vqx Kg Pvix gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv cviqvi Rb Aek B cö Z KwU Kg x K D³ cöwzôv b Kgc ÿ 6 gvm vqxfv e KvR Ki Z n e wkš `Lv M Q h cö Z KwU nvmcvzv j Kg iz bvix Kg Pvix K Kv bv fv eb A vqx niqvi Kvi Y bgybv Luy R c Z ek nqivwbi wkkvi n Z nq nvmcvzv j Kg iz bvix Kg Pvixi 50% Gi wkÿvmz hvm Zv 0-5 kªwy ch ší (mviwy-2) niqvi Kvi Y A b KB bv ey S, f q mwvk DËi Mvcb K ib M elyvwu hv Z Z_ eûj nq mrb ek K qkwu nvmcvzvj wbe vpb Kiv n ji K qkwu nvmcvzv j (j vegbw, Be b wmbv I evsjv `k gwwk vj nvmvcvzvj) Kg iz KZ ve w³ `i Amn hvwmzvi Kvi Y mvÿvrkvice Ae vnz ivlv m e nqwb M elyvwu Z 40 R bi bgybv biqv nq wkš M elyv GjvKvi K qkwu nvmvcvzvj Kg KZ v `i Amn hvwmzvi Kvi Y 40 Rb bgybv Lyu R ei Ki Z fxly nqivwbi wkkvi n Z nq 3q I 4_ kªwyi bvix Kg Pvix `i gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿvi ez gvb Ae v I KiYxq : cöv_wgk Dcv Ëi we køly 25

26 DËi`vZv `i e w³mz Z_ mviwy -1 : emikvwi nvmcvz j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_Z kªwyi Kg Pvixi eqm Kg xi eqm (ermi) Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi Gi D a&a gvu 40 Rb Drm: M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz mviwy-2 : emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ kªwyi Kg Pvixi wkÿvmz hvm Zv Kg xi wkÿvmz hvm Zv Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi 0-5g kªwy ô-10g kªwy GmGmwm GBPGmwm gvu 40 Rb Drm: M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz mviwy-3 : emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ kªwyi Kg Pvixi cwiev ii m`m msl v cwiev ii m`m msl v (Rb) Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi gvu 40 Rb Drm: M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz 26

27 mviwy-4 : emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ kªwyi Kg Pvixi mšívb msl v Kg x `i cwiev ii mšívbmsl v (Rb) Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi Gi E aÿ gvu 40 Rb Drm: M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz DËi`vZv `i Kg I K g hvm`vb-m úwk Z Z_ : mviwy-5: emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ kªwyi Kg Pvixi c`we Kg xi c`we Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi Avqv wk bvi bvm gvu 40 Rb Drm: M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz mviwy-6 : emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ kªyxi Kg Pvwii PvKwii eqmt Kg xi PvKwii eqm (eqi) Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi gvu 40 Rb Drm: M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz mviwy-7 : emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ kªwyi Kg Pvixi Kv Ri aib Kg x `i Kv Ri aib Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi Jlya mievin ivmxi mev Iqv W i KvR avqv- gvqv me ai bi KvR gvu 40 Rb Drm: M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz 27

28 Kv Ri aib mviwy-8 : emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ kªwyi Kg Pvixi wb qvmc Îi gva g wb qvm`vb wb qvm c Îi gva g wb qvm`vb Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi nü v bv gvu 40 Rb Drm: M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz wb qvmc Îi gva g wb qvm`vb : K g wb qvm`v bi mgq cö Z K Kg xi wb qvmcî cviqvi AwaKvi i q Q nvmcvzvj jv ZI Gi cöwzdjb jÿ Kiv hvq mvÿvrkvic e AskMÖnYKvix kzkiv 90 Rb K g hvm`v bi mgq wb qvmcî c q Q e j Rvbv hvq evwk 10% bv cviqvi cq b eo GKwU KviY n q Q Kg x `i A vqxz Zv gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv-m úwk Z Z_ mviwy-9 emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ kªwyi Kg Pvix `i K g hvm`v bi ci mšívb MÖn Yi msl v K g hvm`vb Kivi ci mšívb Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi msl v gvu 40 Rb Drm: M elyv cªvß Z_ n Z cöyxz K g hvm`vb Kivi ci mšívbmsl v mviwy-10 emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ kªwyi Kg Pvix `i gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU (gvm) Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi gvu 40 Rb Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz 28

29 gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU M elyv GjvKvq we` gvb emikvix nvmcvzvj jv Z gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU Kg nvk Avi ewk nvk `Iqv nq mviwy-9 we køly Ki j `Lv hvq h, 40 Rb Kg Pvixi g a 55% (22 Rb) Kg x gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU c q Qb cövq 1-2 gvm Avi evwk 45% (18 Rb) Kg x c q Qb cövq 3-4 gvm A_ vr Zviv M o 2.4 gvm K i QzwU c q Qb Z e D jøl GB h M elyv GjvKv Z Ggb GKwU emikvwi nvmcvzvj cviqv hvq hlv b gvz Z Kvjxb QzwUi Kv bv weavb bb KD Lye Amyweavq co j Zv K gvî GK gv mi ezb Qvov QzwU `Iqv nq Key Person Av qkv LvZzb, guªb Kg dvu nvmcvzvj (XvKv) M elyv GjvKv Z Aew Z 1 wu emikvwi nvmcvzvj Kg dvu nvmcvzv ji guªb, gv: Av qkv LvZzb-Gi m ½ K_v e j Rvbv hvq h, Kg dvu nvmcvzv j gvz Z Kvjxb Kvb QzwU `Iqv nq bv Z e KD Lye Amyweavq co j Zv K ezb Qvov GKgvm QzwU `Iqv nq mviwy-11 emikvix nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ köwyi gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU ezbmn wk bv ezb Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi bv c~y ezbmn AvswkK gvu 40 Rb Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU ezbmn wk bv m-m úwk Z Z_ mvÿvrkvic e AskMÖnYKvix `i g a hviv gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU c qwq jb Zv `i g a 32 fvm (80%) Kg xb c~y ezbmn QzwU c q Qb 5 Rb (12.5%) Kg x c q Qb AvswkK ezbmn QzwU Ges 3 Rb K cviqv hvq Kv bv ezb cvbwb Z e h 32 Rb Kg x e j Qb h Zviv c~y ezbmn QzwU c q Qb, Zviv mwz B wk c~y ezbmn QzwU c q Qb, Zviv mwz B wk c~y ezbmn QzwU c qwq jb? bv wg_ vi AvkÖq wb jb, GUv hvpvb hvm welq 29

30 ezbmn QzwU Qvov Ab vb my hvm-myweav mviwy-12 emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ köwyi Kg Pvix `i QzwU Qvov Ab vb my hvm-myweav ezb Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi nü v bv gvu 40 Rb Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz M elyv GjvKvi cöwzwu nvmcvzvj jÿ Ki j `Lv hvq h nvmcvzvj jv Z gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU ezbmn Qvov GB mg q Ab vb fvzv ev Kj vy dvû _ K Kvb mvnv h i e e v bb Z e Kg iz nvmcvzvj _ K mev wb j Zv `i wwmkvd U `Iqv nq M elyv GjvKv Z GKwU nvmcvzvj ( m Uªvj nvmvcvzvj) cviqv hvq hlv b Kg xiv Lye mgm vq co j Zv K jvb-myweav `Iqv nq mviwy-11 _ K `Lv hvq h, 40 Rb Kg x Lye mgm vq co j Zv K jvb-myweav `Iqv nq mviwy-11 _ K `Lv hvq h, 40 Rb Kg xi g a 17 Rb ( 42.50%) Ab vb myweav c q Qb Ges evkx 23 Rb (57.50%) Ab vb myweav c q Qb Ges evwk 23 Rb (57.50%) Kv bv myweav cvbwb Key Person W. Gg. G jwzd mnkvix cwipvjk m Uªvj nvmcvzvj wjwg UW wzwb e jb h, GB nvmcvzv j ezbmn gvî 45 w`b QzwU `Iqv nq Z e KD Gi _ K ewk QzwU wb Z PvB j ezb Qvov QzwU KvUv Z nq GLv b 50% wwmkvd U `Iqv nq, Z e mk ji Rb GwU bq e w³we k l GB wwmkvd U `Iqv nq Ab vb my hvm-myweavi aib mviwy-13 emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ köwyi Kg Pvix `i QzwU Qvov Ab vb my hvm-myweav myweavi aib Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi wd«gww Kj mvw f m %-75% gvu 40 Rb Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz 30

31 DËi`vZv `i `Iqv Z_ g Z Rvbv hvq, nvmcvzvj jv Z Ab vb myweav ej Z wd«gww Kj mvwf m Ges wwmkvd U myweav K evsvq Z e mk jb m ú~y wd«gww Kj mvwf m cvb bv GwU e w³we k li Ici wbf i K i mviwy-14 emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ köwyi Kg x `i SzuwKc~Y KvR ÿwzki KvR Ki Z n q Q wk bv Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi nü v bv gvu 40 Rb Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz Mf Kvjxb mg q SuywKc~Y KvR M elyv GjvKvi nvmcvzvj jvi K qkwu Z ( m Uªvj nvmcvzvj, Kg dvu nvmcvzvj BZ vw`) 4 gvm ezbmn QzwU w` Z bv `Lv M ji Kg x `i w` q SuywKc~Y KvR Kiv bv nq, GgbwU KgB wqj Z e A b K AmveavbZvi Kvi Y SzuwKc~Y Ae vi m ylxb n q Qb mviwy-13 _ K `Lv hvq h, 31 Rb (77.5%) Kg x KB Kv bv SzuwKc~Y KvR Ki Z nqwb mviwy-15 emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ köwyi Kg x `i SzuwKc~Y Kv Ri aib SzuwKc~Y Kv Ri aib Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi ivmx IVv bv / bvgv bv AvB wm wf Ab vb gvu 9 Rb Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz Mf Kvjxj mg q SuywKc~Y Kv Ri aiy DËi`vZv `i g a h 9 Rb (mviwy-13) SuywKc~Y Ae vi m ylxb n qwq jb Zv `i g a 3 Rb (33.3) Kg x ivmx IVv bv-bvgv bvi KvR, 1 Rb (11.1) Kg x AvBwmBD Z Ges 5 Rb (55.5) Kg x Ab vb Kv R wb qvwrz wq jb DËi`vZviv KDB gvz Z KvjxY QzwUi ci Kv R hvm`vb K i ev Pv K mv _ ivl Z cviz wk bv, m msµvší Z_ : gvz Z Kvjxb QzwUi ci Kv R hvm`vb K i Kv bv Kg x ev Pv K mv _ ivl Z cv ibwb DËi`vZvi wkï `i w`evhzœ K `ª ivlvi e e v Av Q wk bv m msµvší Z_ : Kv bv cöwzôv b w`evhzœ K `ª bv _vkvq Zviv wkï `i evmvq i L Avm Zb 31

32 gvz Z Kvjxb QzwUi mgqmxgv m ú K Kg xi AeMwZ mviwy-16 emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ köwyi Kg x `i gvz Z Kvjxb QzwUi mgqmxgv m ú K Kg xi AeMwZ QzwU m ú K Rv bb wk bv Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi nü v bv gvu 40 Rb Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz mviwy-17 emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ köwyi Kg x `i gvz Z Kvjxb QzwUi mgqmxgv m ú K Rvbvi gva g gva g MYmsL v kzkiv nvi Awdm KZ K MYgva g Ab vb mwgwz gvu 24 Rb Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz wkfv e Rv bb DËi`vZv 60% Kg x (mviwy-15) gvz Z Kvjxb QzwUi mgqmxgv m ú K Rv bb e j Rvbvb Zv `i g a 33.33% (8 Rb) Awdm _ K Rvb Z cv ib, 12.5% (3 Rb) MYgva g _ K, 45.83% (11 Rb) Ab vb gva g Ges 8.33% (2 Rb) wewfbœ mwgwz _ K GB mgqgxgv m ú K Rvb Z cv ib DËi`vZvi g Z, Kv bv mnkg x gvz Z Kvjxb myweav _ K ewâz n q Q wk bv m m úwk Z Z_ : Zv `i Rvbv g Z, Kv bv mnkg x gvz Z Kvjxb myweav _ K ewâz nqwb wkš hlb Kv bv cöwzôv b gvz Z Kvjxb myweavi e e v wqj bv ZLb KD myweav cvqwb Z e hlb _ K myweav `Iqv nq, ZLb _ K KD ewâz nbwb Zviv QzwU c q Qb c~y nvk Avi AvswkK 32

33 emikvwi nvmcvzv j Kg iz 3q I 4_ köwyi bvix Kg Pvix `i gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿvq KiYxq m ú K DËi`vZv `i gzvgz mviwy-18 e e v Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi QzwU evov j fv jv n Zv Ab vb fvzv 6 15 ezb ewk n j fv jv n Zv ev Pv `i ivlvi e e v n j fv jv n Zv wkqzb e jwb 8 20 wd«wpwkrmvi e e v (m ú~y ) NÈv KvR Ki Z n e 2 5 QzwU ezbmn n j fv jv n Zv 2 5 Ab vb myweav bvbu wwdwu bv _vk j fv jv n Zv gvu 75 Rb Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ köwyi bvix Kg Pvix `i AwaKvi &I Kj v Y wb qvwrz I cöwzôvb m ú K AeMwZ mviwy- 19 Rv bb wk bv Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi nü v 6 15 bv gvu 40 Rb Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz bvix `i AwaKvi I Kj v Yi Rb h mkj cöwzôvb i q Q m m ú K Rv bb wkbv m m úwk Z Z_ mviwy- 20 bvix `i AwaKvi I Kj v Y wb qvwrz cöwzôvb m ú K Rvbvi gva g AeMwZ Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi Rvwb bv g b bvb Ab vb fv e gvu 6 Rb Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz 33

34 DËi`vZv `i g a h 6 Rb (15%) Kg x e jwq jb h, Zviv bvix `i AwaKvi I Kj v Y wb qvwrz cöwzôvb jv m ú K Rv bb, Zviv ai Z M j wkqzb Rv bb bv (mviwy) mviwy-21 DËi`vZviv cöwzeqi h bvix w`em cvwjz nq, m m ú K Rv b wk bv, m m úwk Z Z_ Rv bb wk bv Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi nü v bv gvu 40 Rb Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz `Lv M Q mvÿvrkv i AskMÖnYKvix `i g a kzkiv 62.5% Rb Kg x Ôbvix w`emõ m ú K wkqz Rv bb bv Avi evwk 37.5% Kg x hv Rv bb Zv cök Z A _ Lye mvgvb mviwy-22 Kx Rv bb Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi bvix `i AwaKvi wb q K_v e j Rv b bv gvu 15 Rb Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz wkfv e R b Qb mviwy-23 DËi`vZv Kg xiv wkfv e R b Qb wkfv e Rv bb Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi wb RB R bwq ms v A b i KvQ _ K Kv bv gšíe bb gvu 15 Rb Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz M elyvi mswÿß djvdj I mycvwikgvjv djvdj: evsjv ` k gvu emikvwi nvmcvzvj 1005wU (Wikipediaproject.the freeencyclopedia, 2006) Gi g a Avgv `i wba vwiz M elyv GjvKvq Aew Z 34

35 emikvwi nvmcvzvj jv _ K cövß Z_ jv ch v jvpbv Ki j úó evsv hvq h, GB me nvmcvzv j ez gv b wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ köyxi Kg x `i wb qvm c Îi gva g wb qvm `Iqv nq (mviwy-7) b~ bzg câg köwy ch ší AÿiÁvb Av Q (mviwy-2) A bk Kg x Av Qb hv `i PvKwii eqm A bk n ji K g hvm`v bi ci 3-Gi AwaK Kv iv ev Pv nqwb (mviwy-8) Zviv wewfbœ ai bi KvR K ib (mviwy-7) Jla mieivn _ K ïiæ K i ivmxi mevhzœ, avqv- gvqv, meb K i bv wkš wb qvmc Î GKwU cv wb qvm `Iqv n ji Zv `i K w` q 3q I 4_ köwyi mkj ai bi KvR Kiv bv nq gvz Z Kvjxb mg q I Kv Ri Kv bv ni di Kiv nq bv GgbwK A bk mgq `yb wkd U Zv `i K w` q KvR Kiv bv nq GRb Kv bv AwZwi³ A_ cö`vb KivI nq bv Zv `i AwaKvskB gvz Z Kvjxb QzwUi mgqmxgv m ú K AeMZ wkš G ÿ Î Zv `i Kivi wkqz bvb e j Rvbvb cöwzôvb KZ K h QzwU `Iqv nq Zviv mwu KB Avkxe v` wn m e g b wb q Qb Zv `i g a K_v e j Rvbv Mj h Zviv PvKzwi hviqvi f q Kv bv Sv gjvc~y Ae vq h Z ivwr bv A_P Zviv GUv Rv bb bv h gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU m ez b cviqv Zv `i GKwU Ab Zg gvbevwakvi nvmcvzvj jvi Kv bvwu Z 45 w`b ( m Uªvj nvmcvzvj), Kv bvwu Z webv ez b GK gvm QzwU `Iqv nq Kg iz cöwzôv b mev wb j Zv `i KvQ _ K wdm ivlv n ji Zv Zv `i b~ bzg ez bi Kv Q AvKvk Quvqv g b nq gvz Z Kvjxb mg q gv q `i cywóki Lvev ii K_v ejv n j Zv `i c ÿ GB b~ bzg ezb (2200/-) w` q Zv g b Pjv m e nq bv d j gv I ev Pv DfqB AcywóRwbZ iv M fv Mb Zey Zviv KvR K ib Rxeb I RxweKvi ZvwM ` Gi GKwU eo KviY n Q evsjv ` k K g i _ K Kg xi msl v A bk ewk GQvov AviI GKwU eo mgm vi K_v Rvbv hvq Zv n jv Gme nvmcvzv j Kv b W- Kqvi m Uv ii e e v bb d j Rb cövß wkïiv cöz n 8-10 NÈv ey Ki `ya _ K weiz nq hv wkïi Rb gvivz K ûgwk ^iƒc n Z cv i Kbbv ejv n q _v K h R b i ci Aek B 6 gvm wkï K ey Ki `ya LvIqv Z n e ZvB DcwiD³ ey bv _ K ejv GUv evûj h 3q I 4_ köwy Z Kg iz bvix Kg Pvixiv hv Z gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿvi h_vh_ e envi Ki Z cv i mrb hz kxnª m e Kvh Kix c` ÿc MÖnY LyeB Riæwi mycvwikgvjv cöm ei ci gv I wkï `yr bib h _ó SzuwK _v K Amȳ Zv A_ev g Zz ch ší n Z cv i cwimsl v b `Lv M Q gvz g Zz i `yb-z Zxqvsk gv gviv hv Qb cömekvjxb A_ev cöm ei ci (mgkvj ) Avgv `i cöpwjz AvB b gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU I Ab vb myweavi K_v D jøl _vk ji ev Íevq bi ÿ Î emikvwi nvmcvzvj jvq AvRI mskxy Zv i q M Q GgbwK wkqz wkqz cöwzôv b hvm Zvi gvckvwv Z Dchy³ n ji cöv_ x evqv qi ÿ Î cyiæl `i my hvm `Iqv nq G ÿ Î Zv `i gšíe n Q g q `i wb qvm w` jb Zv `yw`b ci g vuviwbwu wjf ïiæ n q hv e hv Kv Ri cwicš x n Z cv i d j bvixköwgkiv ewâz n Qb Zv `i cök Z AwaKvi _ K 35

36 GQvov bvixköwgkiv Zv `i AwaKvi _ K ewâz niqvi cq b Ab Avi GKwU eo KviY n Q Zv `i Kj v Y h AvBb jv i q Q m jv m ú K AÁZv d j Zviv `yw`k _ K ewâz n Qb G ÿ Î emikvwi nvmcvzv j Kg iz 3q I 4_ köwyi bvix Kg Pvix `i gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv wb q ^í cwim i m ú~y Kiv G mgxÿv _ K wb œ wjwlz mycvwikgvjv jv Kiv h Z cv i, hv ciez x Z bvix Z_v Kg Rxex bvix `i AwaKvi AR b I ev Íevq b iæz c~y f~wgkv ivl e e j Avgvi wek vm mycvwikgvjv jv n jvñ 1. mikvwi I emikvwi cö Z KwU nvmcvzv j cöpwjz AvB bi h_vh_ ev Íevqb NUv Z n e Ges gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU c~y ez b w` Z n e 2. gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU e vwß evwo q 120 w`b _ K 180 w`b Kiv h Z cv i Avi Zv bv m e n j wekí c wz n m e Aek B Kg iz cöwzôv b wkï `i ivlvi Rb W- Kqvi m Uvi-Gi e e v Ki Z n e gv q `i cöwz K Vvi bv n q GKUz mnvbyf wzkxj n Z n e hz w`b ch ší Zvi mšív bi eqm Kgc ÿ 6 gvm c~y bv nq Kbbv G mgq `ya GKwU wkïi cöavb Lv` 3. h Kv bv bvix K Kg j hvm`v bi c~ e Zvi wb qvmc Î gvz Z Kvjxb QzwUi welqwu GKwU Dc-aviv wn m e ms hvrb Kiv h Z cv i 4. gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU hv Z cö Z KwU gv h_vh_fv e Kv R jvmv Z cv ib mrb Zv `i myweavg Zv QzwU fvm Kivi AwaKvi w` Z n e 5. gvz Z Kvjxb Ae vq AwaKvi-msµvšÍ wel q m PZb Kivi j ÿ MYgva g cöpviyvi e e v MÖnY Kiv h Z cv i KviY G AwaKvi-msµvšÍ AvBb m ú K AwaKvs kib Kv bv ^ Q aviyv bb 6. DbœZ wek hgbñ KvbvWv, hy³ivr, wbdwrj vû-gi g Zv Avgv `i ` ki gvz Z Kvjxb QzwUi cvkvcvwk wcz Z Kvjxb QzwUi e e v Kiv h Z cv i G Z gv qi Abycw wz Z evev wkïi `Lvïbv Ki j gv qi mvnm I g bvej e o hv e Ges Kv R g bv hvm Avm e G Z cöwzôvb I `k DfqB jvfevb n eb 7. bvix ïay bvix bq bvix gvbyl d j bvixi GB mšívb avi Yi mgquzkz Z Zvi cöwz mn hvwmzvi nvz eov Z n e cwievi, mgvr I iv óªi 8. bvix ïay fv Mi e, bvix msmv ii `vqfvi enb Ki e, wkï Rb ` e Ges cöwzcvjb Ki e, GUv ïayb bvixi `vwqz G fvebv mgvr _ K `~i Ki Z n e 9. gvz Z Kvjxb mg q gv q `i AwZwi³ cywóki Lvevi I mevh Zœi cö qvrb nq, hv Zvi wba vwiz ez b mskzjvb nq bv; ZvB wewfbœ dvû _ K GB mgq 36

37 Zvi Rb fvzvi e e v Kiv h Z cv i ev g~j ez bi kzkiv fvm AwZwi³ fvzv wn m e cö`vb Kiv h Z cv i 10. RvZxq ch v q Zv `i b~ bzg grywi wba viy Ki Z n e Ges Zv `i wbqwgz grywi I kögnèv wbwðz Ki Z n e 11. mswkøó KZ c ÿi G AvBb cö qv Mi cöwz mrvm ` wó w` Z n e 12. cö Z KwU nvmcvzv j köwgk BDwbqb _vk Z n e, hv Z köwgkiv Zv `i AwaKvi _ K ewâz bv nq GQvov cöwzôvb KZ K gvz Z Kvjxb Ae vq bvixi Rb cwi ekmz SzuwK Ges ^v wbivcëv-m úwk Z Kg kvjv I mwgbv ii e e v Ki Z n e 13. emikvwi nvmcvzv ji AwaKvsk bvix Kg x cövq 50% Kg x (mviwy-2) wb œ gva wgk cvm niqv m Ë I Zviv bvix `i AwaKvi, bvix w`em m ú K m PZb bq ej Z M j Zviv cövq Gme wel q G Kev ib AÁ ZvB wb œ gva wgk cvv m~wp Z GB me wel qi aviyv AšÍfy ³ Kiv h Z cv i hv Z Zviv Zv `i AwaKvi jv m ú K b~ bzg aviyv ivl Z cv i 37

38 Avw`evmx g q `i wedwu cvj v i AvMgb, Zvi KviY Ges ez gv b Zv `i Av_ -mvgvwrk Ae v Ñnvmvb Avj Avãyjøvn M elyv cöwz e`b wk ivbvg: Avw`evmx bvix `i wedwu cvj v i AvMgb, Zvi KviY Ges ez gv b Zv `i Av_ -mgvwrk Ae v Kx? w` b w` b gvbyl n q DV Q AwaK iƒc m PZb Avi mb mv _ µgea gvb nv i e w cv Q wedwu cvj vi GB me wedwu cvj v i KvR K i AmsL v bvixköwgk Avi GB me bvixköwgk `i eo Ask n Q Avw`evmx bvix Avwg Avgvi M elyvkvr Ki Z wm q XvKvi wewfbœ GjvKvq cövq 19wU wedwu cvj v i hvb GB 19wU wedwu cvj v i KvR K i cövq 93 Rb wedwuwkqvb hvi GKwU eo Ask n Q Avw`evmx bvix GB 93 Rb wedwuwkqv bi g a 57 Rb n Q Avw`evmx bvix Ges 36 Rb n Q evovwj bvix Avwg GB me köwgk `i ga _ K cövq 50 R bi mv _ K_v ewj Ges Z_ msmön Kwi Avw`evmx g qiv Avw_ K Afve `~i Kivi Rb XvKvq Av m Ges QvU-eo wedwu cvj v i Kv R hvm`vb K i Avi Gfv eb Avw`evmx g qiv wedwu cvj v ii w` K Suy K co Q cvj v i hme g qiv KvR K i G `i AwaKvskB n Q cve Z PÆMÖvg, e nëi gqgbwmsn Ges wm ju A ji Awaevmx cve Z PÆMÖv g mpivpi 11wU Rb Mvôx emevm Ki Z `Lv hvq Giv n jv PvKgv, wîcyiv, gªv, Z½ v, eg, cvslyqv, PvK, L vs, Lywg I jy mb evsjv ` ki DË i Ges DËi-c~e vs k g ½vjxq Rb Mvôxi jvk i q Q G `i g a e nëi gqgbwmsn A ji Mv iv, nvrs KvP Ges e nëi wm ju A ji Lvwmqv cöf wz DcRvwZi bvg D jøl hvm GBme Mvwôi Avw` Ges Ab Zg ckv n Q K wlkvr Kiv wkš RbmsL v e w i d j m ú `i eèb, K wlrwg n«vm cviqv, ch vß km Drcv`b bv niqv BZ vw` Kvi Y Giv K wli Ici _ K gyl wdwi q wb Q Ges Ab vb wewfbœ ckvq hy³ n Q Avi Avw`evmx g qivi N i e m bb; Zviv cwiev ii m QjZvi Rb wewfbœ Kv R wb R K m ú ³ Ki Q Avi wedwu cvj vi n Q Zv `i Ab Zg ckv Avw`evmx wedwuwkqvb `i m ú K Rvb Z Avgiv XvKv wewfbœ wedwu cvj v i hvb G `i m ú K Z_ msmö ni Rb, wkš A bk ÿ Î Zv mnr wqj bv Zey Avwg Zv `i KvQ _ K Z_ msmön Ki Z Póv K iwq Avw`evmx wedwuwkqvbiv A b K G KvR K i mš ó _vk ji GKwU eo Ask GL bv bvbv mgm vi Kvi Y mdj n Z cvi Q bv hme Avw`evmx wedwuwkqvb fv jv gvwj Ki ZË veav b KvR Ki Q Zviv fv jv Av Q Avi hviv Lvivc gvwj Ki ZË veav b KvR Ki Q Zviv wewfbœ mgm vi ga w` q KvR Ki Q 38

39 Lvivc gvwjkiv Zv `i GLv b Kg iz köwgk `i bvbv ikg ûgwk-agwk w` q Rvic~e K KvR Kivq Zv `i K Dchy³ cvwiköwgk `q bv Ges Ab Î P j h Z PvB j gvgjvi fq `Lvq GLv b Zviv Pvi `qv j ew ` Rxeb hvcb Ki Q hvi d j Dcvqnxb n q Zv `i GLv b KvR K i h Z nq wedwuwkqvb `i Rb wbw` ó Kv bv ezbkvvv gv bv _vkvq Zv `i K A bk ÿ Î Dchy³ ezb cö`vb Kiv nq bv Zv `i ezb ïiæ nq 1500/-UvKv _ K wkš 7-8 eqi KvR Kivi c ii Zv `i K AvkvZxZ ezb `Iqv nq bv d j Gme Avw`evmx köwgkiv Zv `i Dchy³ grywi _ K ewâz n Q A bk ÿ Î Zv `i K f O f O wkw Í Z ezb cö`vb Kiv nq hv Kv bvfv eb Kvg bq AwaKvsk wedwuwkqvb Zv `i grywi wb q mš ó bq Gme wedwuwkqvb `i Rb Dchy³ ezbkvvv gv wba viy Kiv nvk RxweKvi ZvwM ` Gme g qiv cöz ší MÖvgvÂj _ K XvKvq Av m Ges wewfbœ wedwu cvj v i Kg ms vb K i Gme g qiv cvwievwik m QjZv wdwi q Avb Z Ges wb R K ^vej ^x K i Zzj Z Kg ÿ Î cö ek K i G `i A b KiB cov kvbv Kivi B Qv _vk ji Avw_ K Afv ei Kvi Y Zv Z vm K i Zv `i B Qv, Zviv KvR K i UvKv DcvR b Ki e Ges Avw_ K Afve `~i K i cwiev ii gy L nvwm dvuv e G ÿ Î A b K Zv `i ^cœ jv ev Íe Kivi Rb Póv Pvwj q hv Q A b Ki B Qv GB cvj v i KvR Kivi gva g ^cœ c~i Yi ga w` q wer qi nvwm nvm e Zv `i GKRb n Qb jvwk (QÙbvg) jvwki eqm 25 Ges m wgicyi 10 b ^ ii GKwU cvj v i KvR K i Zvi gvwmk Avq n Q 5000/-UvKv Zvi wkÿvmz hvm Zv 8g köwy cvm m A_ vfv e jlvcov bv Ki Z cvi ji Zvi ^cœ m Zvi Q j g q `i jlvcov Kwi q wkwÿz K i Zzj e Ges Zviv PvKwi K i my `i Rxeb hvcb Ki e G ^cœ c~i Y m AvcÖvY Póv Pvwj q hv Q G _ K mn R evsv hvq GB cvj v i KvR Kivi gva g Avw`evmx bvixiv m Pó n Q hw`i Kv bv Kv bv köwg Ki Rxeb aviy KivB A bk K ói AwaKvsk Avw`evmx köwgk Aí wkwÿz I kög AvBb m ú K G `i Kv bv aviyv bb ej jb P j KD KD kög AvBb m ú K ï b Q ej ji G m ú K G `i Kv bv aviyv bb e j Rvbvq kög AvBb m ú K aviyv bv _vkvq gvwjkiv Zv `i K w` q wbw` ó mg qi AwaK KvR Kivq kög AvB b mvßvwnk QzwUi weavb _vk ji Zviv Zv _ K ewâz n Q Zv `i K gvwj Ki B Qvi Ici eva _vk Z nq cwi k l ejv hvq h Avw`evmx g qiv wedwuwkqv bi KvR K i bzzbfv e euvpvi ^cœ `L Q Zviv Kíbv Ki Q m Qj, my `i Rxe bi Avi GB ^cœ ev Íevq b Zviv wedwu cvj v i KvR wb Q Ges AvcÖvY Póv Pvwj q hv Q Zv `i Rb hw` wbw`ó ezbkvvv gv _vkz Ges kög AvBb g b KvR Kiv bv n Zv Z e Zviv ^vej ^x n q Avw_ K Afve `~i K i RvZxq Dbœq b f~wgkv ivl Z cviz Ges wedwu cvj vi ckv K GKwU Ab Zg ckv wn m e Dc vcb KiZ 39

40 Km vww-1 f~wgkv: jvwk (QÙbvg) 25 eq ii GKwU g q, Zvi evwo gqgbwmsn Rjvi nvjyqvnvu Dc Rjv, msmv ii Afve-AbUb guv bvi Rb AvR _ K 04 eqi c~ e XvKvq Av m, ez gv b m wgicyi 10 b ^ ii jvebx nvievj wedwu cvj v i KvR Ki Q RbwgwZK Z_ : bvg : jvwk (QÙbvg) wczv/ ^vgx : wkwkj (QÙbvg) gvzv : iægvbv eqm : 25 wkÿvmz hvm Zv : GmGmwm ez gvb wvkvbv : KvRxcvov, wgicyi-10, XvKv vqx wvkvbv : nvjyqvnvu, gqgbwmsn cvwievwik cwiwpwz cwiev ii m`m msl v m`m eqm wkÿv ckv gvwmk Avq evev 46 wbiÿi K wl 2500/- gv 38 wbiÿi M wnyx -Ô eo fvb 27 5g köwy U úyi njcvi 1600/- QvU fvb 16 5g kªwy nv Uj eq 1000/- QvU evb 10 6ô köwy - - cöwzôv bi cwiwpwz cöwzôv bi bvg I wvkvbv gvwj Ki bvg : jvebx nvievj wedwu cvj vi, wgicyi-10 : Rvnvbviv Av³vi cvwievwik Ae v, XvKvq Avmvi KviY jvwk Av³vi cvwievwik Avw_ K Ae v Dbœq bi Rb 4 eqi Av M XvKvq Av m Zvi evev A b i Rwg Z Pvl K i d j Zv `i cwiev ii m`m `i K wb q Rxeb aviy Kiv KóKi n q hv Q d j m XvKvq G m wedwu cvj v i KvR K i cwiev ii Avw_ K m QjZvq mvnvh Ki Q mvgvwrk RxebmsµvšÍ Z_ vewj jvwk (QÙbvg) KvRxcvov GKwU g m Ab vb mnk x `i mv _ GK Î _v K gv S gv S mmöv gi evwo Z hvq Ges evev gv qi mv _ `Lv mvÿvr K i 40

41 ^v, wpwkrmv m Amȳ n j ewki fvm mgq dv g wm _ K Ilya wk b Lvq, gv S gv S mikvwi nvmcvzv j hvq b~ bzg cö qvrb jvwk (QÙbvg) Rvbvq Zvi cwievi GKUz fv jv K i _vkv-lviqvi Rb b~ bzg gvwmk 10,000/-UvKvi cö qvrb mycvwik jvwk (QÙbvg) Zv `i Rb hw` GKwU wbw` ó ezbkvvv gv _vkz Zvn j fv jv n Zv Km vww-2 f~wgkv : wigv (QÙbvg) 18 eq ii GKwU g q Zvi evwo gqgbwmsn Rjvi dzjevoxq Dc Rjv, msmv ii Afve-AbUb guv bvi Rb AvR _ K 02 eqi c~ e XvKvq Av m, ez gv b Kj vycyi evm vû gv o myifx wedwu cvj v i KvR Ki Q RbwgwZK Z_ : bvg : wigv (QÙbvg) wczv/ ^vgx : kwdk (QÙbvg) gvzv : mvjgv (QÙbvg) eqm : 18 wkÿvmz hvm Zv : 5g köwy ez gvb wvkvbv : Kj vycyi, myifx wedwu cvj vi, XvKv vqx wvkvbv : dzjevoxqv, gqgbwmsn cvwievwik cwiwpwz cwiev ii m`m msl v m`m eqm wkÿv ckv gvwmk Avq evev 58 wbiÿi K wl 27,00/- gv 38 wbiÿi M wnyx - eo fvb 27 3q kªwy `vkvb`vi 2,000/- QvU fvb 15 5g kªwy Pv we µzv 500/- QvU evb (1) 10 8g köwy - - QvU evb (2) 05 1g köwy