evsjv ` k cöv_wgk ^v mevi Î KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki f~wgkv: AbymÜvb I ch e Y Gg Avey BDmyd *

Transcription

1 evsjv `k Dbœqb mgx v LÐ 35 evwl K msl v 1424 evsjv ` k cöv_wgk ^v mevi Î KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki f~wgkv: AbymÜvb I ch e Y Gg Avey BDmyd * 1 f~wgkv mvbg mvnv Ave`yj Lv jk ^v gvby li g wjk AwaKvi MYcÖRvZš x evsjv `k mikvi mvsweavwbkfv e evsjv ` ki cö Z K bvmwik K gvbm úbœ mve Rbxb ^v mev w` Z cöwzköæwze Gi cöw Z ` ki RbMY K, we klz MÖvgxY I cðvrc` AÂjmg~ ni bvmwik `i mve Rbxb ^v mevi AvIZvq Avb Z mikv ii ^v mev KvVv gv Z Z Yg~j ch v q AšÍf y³ i q Q Dc Rjv nj_ Kg cø, BDwbqb nj_ Kg cø, cwievi Kj vy K `ª Ges KwgDwbwU wk wbk mn ªvã Dbœqb jÿ gvîv (GgwWwR) AR b Ges mvj gqv ` M nxz UKmB Dbœqb j gvîv AR bi gva g wn m e KwgDwbwU wk wbk K mikv ii ^v KvVv gvi GKwU dvkvj c q U wn m e we epbv Kiv nq Z Yg~j ch v q ^v mev cö`vb QvovI ^v, RbmsL v I cywó Kvh µ gi cwikíbv, ch e Y, mgš^q I ^v mevq Revew`wnZv wbwðzki Y Ges ^v Lv Z mikv ii Dbœqb cwikíbvmg~n, hgb: câevwl Kx cwikíbv, iƒckí 2021, ^v, RbmsL v, cywó Lv Zi Dbœqb Kvh µg BZ vw` Z ewy Z j gvîvmg~n (Ô nj_,* ccy jkb, wbdwu«kb m±i W fjc g U cövmövgõ) AR b KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~n Kvh Kwi f~wgkv ivl e e j cöz vkv Kiv nq evsjv `k mikv ii lô I mßg câevwl Kx cwikíbvi K kjc Î cöz vkv Kiv n q Q h, KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~n Dc Rjv ^v mev e e v K AviI DbœZ Kivi cvkvcvwk MÖvgxY RbM Yi ^v mev cövwßi AwaKvi wbwðz Ki e we kl K i KwgDwbwU wk wbk I m v UjvBU wk wbk Gi gva g Pi, DcK j I cvnvox GjvKvi gvbyl ^v mev cv e Ges KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki e e vcbvq mvaviy RbM Yi AskMÖn Yi gva g ^v Lv Z mykvmb wbwðz n e GQvovI evsjv `k mikv ii A_ gš Yvj qi wemz `k eq ii ev RU ch v jvpbv K i `Lv hvq h, cöwz A_ eq ii ev RU cwikíbvq KwgDwbwU wk wbk Lv Z e qi wel q c _Kfv e Rvi `qv n q Q D`vniY ^iƒc, me kl A_ eq ii ( ) ev RU e³ e MÖvgxY Rb Mvôxi Kv Q cöv_wgk ^v mev AviI mnrjf Kivi j AviI 392wU KwgDwbwU wk wbk vc bi K_v ejv n q Q (ev RU e³ Zv, , c : 41) G mkj bw_ ch v jvpbvi wfwë Z GwU có h, KwgDwbwU wk wbk Kvh µgwu evsjv `k mikv ii gvbe m c` Dbœqb cwikíbv Ges ^v mevi cömv ii c` ci h cwiwa, Zvi g~j K `ªwe `y ^iƒc * jlke ` h_vµ g Aa vck, cöfvlk I mnkvix Aa vck, W fjc g U vwwr wefvm, XvKv wek we` vjq GB cöeüwu m Uvi Ab ev RU GÐ cwjwm, XvKv wek we` vjq Ges Iqvì wfkb evsjv ` ki h _ D ` v M cwipvwjz GKwU M elyvi Av jv K iwpz

2 94 evsjv `k Dbœqb mgx v Z e wjwce GmKj cöz vkv, cwikíbv wksev `xn gqvw` GB cökíwu gvv ch v q KZUv BwZevPK djvdj AR b K i Q, MÖv gi mvaviy, `wi`ª gvby li Kv Q KwgDwbwU wk wbk jv cöv_wgk ^v mev c Q w` Z KZUv mdj n q Q, gvbyl KZUv DcKvi c q Q A_ev Zviv Avi Kx Kx mev cöz vkv K i, Kx Kx msku Av Q e j Zviv g b K i BZ vw` welq wek` Av jvpbvi `vex iv L Avi mb AbymwÜrmv _ KB Av jvp cöe Ü evsjv ` k KwgDwbwU wk wbk vc bi D ` v Mi cö vcu, D Ïk, e e vcbv KvVv gv BZ vw` ch v jvpbv K i KwgDwbwU wk wbk cök íi mdjzv AR b mikv ii mw` Qv, mevcö`vbkvix `i f wgkv, mev MÖnxZv `i Kv Q MÖnY hvm Zv I cöv qvwmk Î GB D ` v Mi Kvh KvwiZv, msku I m vebvmg~n ch e Y I we køly Kiv n q Q 2 evsjv ` k KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki cö vcu evsjv `k 1978 mv ji ÔAvjgv AvZvÕ NvlYvq mv ikvix `kmg~ ni gv S GKwU hlv b 2000 mv ji g a cöv_wgk ^v mev cö`v bi gva g Ômevi Rb ^v Õ wbwðz Kivi cöwzköæwz i q Q wkš 1996 mv ji GK ch v jvpbvq `Lv hvq h, 2000 mv ji g a ^v Lv Zi wewfbœ m~p Ki wecix Z Kvw LZ j gvîv AR bi Î A bk wcwq q i q Q hvi Ab Zg KviY n jv MÖvgxY Rb Mvôxi (hviv evsjv ` ki gvu RbmsL vi wzb-pzy_ vsk) Rb cöv_wgk ^v mevi cözyjzv I AcÖvc Zv GB msku wbim bi j mviv ` ki MÖvgxY Rb Mvôxi Kv Q cöv_wgk ^v mev cövwßi wbðqzv w` Z 1996 mv j evsjv `k mikvi KwgDwbwU wk wbk (cöwz 6,000 gvby li Rb 1wU KwgDwbwU wk wbk) vc bi D ` vm bq Ges 1998 mv j KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni wbg vy ïiæ nq e ÍyZ evsjv `k mikv ii mvj gqvw` Ô nj_ GÐ ccy jkb m±i cövmövgõ G ^v KvVv gvi cöwzwu Í i cwiez b mva bi gva g ^v mevi cömvi I `wi`ª Rb Mvôx, we klz bvix (Mf ezx I `y»`vbkvix) I wkï ( wk kvi wk kvixmn) `i Rb cö qvrbxq ^v mev wbwðz Ki Z cöwzwu jvkvj qi Rb Mvôxi ` o Mvovq ^v mev c u Q `qvi D Ïk wee Z nq mb Av jv K GKwU ÔG mbwkqvj mvwf m c v KRÕ ev ÔcÖ qvrbxq mev QÕ wba viy Kiv nq Ges KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki gva g `wi`ª, `yt I cövwšík Rb Mvôx K ^v mev cö`v bi j w i Kiv nq mv ji g a 10,723wU KwgDwbwU wk wbk vwcz nq Ges cövq 8,000wU Z mev cö`v bi Kvh µg ïiæ nq wk wb K mev cö`vbkvix `i ÔG mbwkqvj mvwf m c v KRÕ Gi cöwk Y `v bi gva g cöv_wgk ^v mev cö`v b m g K i Zvjv nq Ges KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki e e vcbvi Rb cöwzwu wk wb Ki Rb 9-10 m`m wewkó KwgDwbwU MÖæc MVb Kiv nq ciez x Z mikvi cwiez bi ci 2001 _ K 2008 mvj ch ší KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki Kvh µg eü n q hvq GB cöw Z 2009 mv j ÔwifvBUvjvB Rkb Ad KwgDwbwU nj_ Kqvi Bwbwk qwufm Bb evsjv `kõ wk ivbv g GB Kvh µgwu cybivq Pvjy Kiv nq GB Kvh µ gi gqv` wba vwiz nq 5 eqi ( ) Ges ciez x Z Gi gqv` AviI GK eqi ewa Z K i 2015 mv ji 30 Ryb ch ší Kiv nq GB cök íi AvIZvq gvu 13,500wU

3 BDmyd, mvnv I Lv jk: evsjv ` k cöv_wgk ^v mevi Î KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki f~wgkv 95 KwgDwbwU wk wbk vc bi cö Íve Kiv nq hv Z K i Iqvb c mev K `ª wn m e GB KwgDwbwU wk wbk jvi cöwzwu cövq 6,000 gvbyl K cöv_wgk ^v mev cö`vb Ki Z m g n e c~ e wbwg Z I e envi hvm Ae vq cybiæ vik Z KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni cvkvcvwk AviI 3,237wU KwgDwbwU wk wbk wbg v Yi D ` vm bqv nq Ges cyivzb 1,080wU KwgDwbwU wk wbk K ms vi K i cybivq e envi Dc hvmx K i Zvjv nq 2016 mvj ch ší ` ki KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki msl v 13,136 G DbœxZ n q Q bzybfv e M nxz KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki GB D ` vm 2011 mvj _ K ÔKwgDwbwU erw nj_ KqviÕ wk ivbv g cwipvwjz n Q KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki g~j D Ïk n jv MÖvgxY RbMY K (we kl K i `wi`ª Rb Mvôx K) ^v, cwievi cwikíbv I cywó mev cö`v bi gva g mvwe K ^v cwiw wzi DbœwZ NUv bv wbw` ók Zfv e GB j mg~n K wbgœiƒcfv e ey bv Kiv hvq- 1 evsjv ` ki MÖvgxY Rb Mvôx, we kl K i `wi`ª, cövwšík I `yt Rb Mvôx K gvbm úbœ cöv_wgk ^v mev cövwßi wbðqzv `qv 2 GKwU mgwš^z Dc Rjv ^v e e v I Rjv ^v e e vi Aax b mkj KwgDwbwU wk wbk K cövwzôvwbkxkiy Ges we kl ^v mgm vi e e vcbvi cö qvr b BDwbqb I Dc Rjv ch v qi ^v mev KvVv gvi mv _ KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni GKwU Kvh Kwi idv ij wjs KR vcb 3 bervzk, wkï I gvz ^v mevi gvb Dbœqb 4 e qv R ô bvmwik, wk kvi, ZiæY, cöwzeüx I myweav ewâz bvmwik `i ^v mev cö`vb 5 me Í ii Rb Mvôxi Rb B- ^v mev cö`v bi g~l K `ª wn m e KvR Kiv 6 mkj ch v qi ^v, cwievi cwikíbv I cywó mev cö`v bi Kvh Kwi mgš^qk I mn hvmx cöwzôvb wn m e KwgDwbwU wk wbk e e v K msmwvz Kiv KwgDwbwU wk wbk vc bi Av ikwu g~l D Ïk n jv RbM Yi AskMÖn Yi gva g BDwbqb I Dc Rjv ch v qi ^v mev KvVv gvi gv S GKwU Kvh Kwi ms hvm vc bi gva g ^v, cwievi cwikíbv I cywó mev cö`v bi gvb Dbœqb Kiv g~jz KwgDwbwU wk wbk mikv i ÔcvewjK-cÖvB fu cvu bviwkcõ Gi GKwU D¾ j D`vniY ^iƒc KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~n GKwU GjvKvi vbxq gvby li cö`ë ev ivqvix Rwg Z ( 5-7 `kgvsk Rwg) vcb Kiv nq, ms vcbvi LiP enb K i mikvi, Ilya I Ab vb Avbylvw½K hš I `ªe vw` mieivn K i mikvi, mev cö`vbkvix `i wb qvm `qv nq mikvwifv e, wkš e e vcbvi `vwqz h _fv e GjvKvi RbcÖwZwbwa I mikvwi cöwzwbwai Dci b Í nq 2009 mv j M nxz bzyb cök íi AvIZvq KwgDwbwU wk wbk e e vcbv KwgwUi m`m msl v R b DbœxZ Kiv nq Ges KwgwU Z GK-Z Zxqvsk bvix ivlv Ges m`m `i gv S wk kvi-wk kvix `i AskMÖnY eva Zvg~jK Kiv nq GjvKvi wbe vwpz RbcÖwZwbwa KwgwUi cöavb nb Ges Rwg `vzv e w³ nb KwgwUi AvRxeb

4 96 evsjv `k Dbœqb mgx v m`m I wmwbqi mwpe GB e e vcbv KwgwU K mnvqzv Kivi Rb AviI i q Q KwgDwbwU mv cvu MÖæc, hv `i g~j `vwqz n jv GjvKvi RbMY K KwgDwbwU wk wbk cö`ë cöv_wgk mev m ú K AewnZ Kiv Ges RbMY K AbvbyôvwbK Av jvpbvi gva g ^v m PZb K i Zvjv GKwU GKK ^v mev BDwbU wn m e KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ n wb œv³ mevmg~n cö`vb Kiv nq: (1) gvz I wkï ^v mev I bervz Ki ^v mev, (2) wkï ^v mevi mgwš^z e e vcbv, (3) cörbb I cwievi cwikíbv mev, (4) be weevwnz ` úwz, Mf ezx gv, Rb g Z y BZ vw`i wbeüb, (5) cywó wk v, cywó Z_ I cywó mnvqk wfuvwgb mieivn, (6) ^v I cwievi cwikíbv msµvší civgk cö`vb, (7) h v, g v jwiqv, wbd gvwbqv, Bbd y qäv, wec`rbk Mf ve v BZ vw` wpwýzkiy I DbœZ mevi Rb mycvwikmn cöiy, (8) bzyb Kv bv e vwa msµg bi m vebv wpwýzkiy I Dc Rjv ch v q mevi Rb cöiy, (9) evsjv `k mikv ii ^v bxwzi Aaxb Ab vb ^v mev cö`vb, (10) Dc Rjv ch v qi ^v mev K `ªmg~ ni mv _ ms hvm i v, (11) mvaviy R i, c Ui cxov, Wvqwiqv BZ vw` mvaviy ^v mgm vi wpwkrmv cö`vb, Ges (12) Î we k l cöm~wzi Ae v we epbvq mvaviy cöwµqvq wkï Rb `v bi e e v Kiv KwgDwbwU wk wbk vc bi cö vcu, j, D Ïk I mev cö`v bi Î we epbvq GwU cöz vkv Kiv hvq h, evsjv ` ki mvwe K ^v mev e e vi DbœwZ Z KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~n BwZevPK djvdj ivl Z cv i wkš ev Íe Î GB D Ïk mg~n AR b Kx Kx cöv qvwmk D ` vm bqv n q Q I mme KZUv djcöm~ n q Q, Zv AbymÜv bi `vex iv L GB cöw Z KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~n GKwU wbw` ó jvkvj q cöv_wgk ^v mev cö`v b KZUv Kvh Kwi f~wgkv ivl Q Z_v mikv ii D Ï k i mv _ m½wz i L ev Íe Î KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni Rb Avw_ K ms køl I AeKvVv gvmz mnvqzvi cwiwa KZUv cövmw½k, RbMY KwgDwbwU wk wbk mev MÖn Y KZUv AvMÖnx, KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki e e vcbvi Î RbM Yi AskMÖn Yi my hvm Gi cwiwa KZUv we Í Z Ges mev cö`vbkvix I mevmönxzv Dfq ch v q KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki m gzv, mevi cövc Zv, Kvh KvwiZv I MÖnY hvm Zv BZ vw` wel q GKwU ch e Yg~jK we køl Yi cö Póv bqv n q Q ez gvb cöe Ü 2.1 cöe Üi D Ïk GB cöe Üi gyl D Ïk n jv Z Yg~j ch v qi ^v mev cö`vbkvix cöwzôvb wn m e KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni Kvh KvwiZv AbymÜvb Ges KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki Kg c wz, cwipvjbv I e e vcbvq Kv bv Am½wZ ev Amgš^q _vk j Zv mywbw` ófv e wpwýz Kiv GB D Ï k i cöw Z we ÍvwiZfv e ch e Y I we køl Yi Rb GB cöe Ü wbgœewy Z welqmg~ ni Ici Av jvkcvz Kiv n e- 1 KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni Rb ev RU eivï I Avw_ K ms kø li µgaviv we køly

5 BDmyd, mvnv I Lv jk: evsjv ` k cöv_wgk ^v mevi Î KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki f~wgkv 97 2 KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni Rb mikvwifv e mieivnk Z Jl ai cökiy I g~j gv bi cwimsl vb we køly 3 mikv ii cöv_wgk ^v mev wbwðz Kivi j c~i Yi gva g wn m e KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki ev ÍweK cövmw½kzv hvpvb qi Rb KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki mevmönxzvi msl vmz cwimsl vb we køl Yi gva g Gi cöv_wgk MÖnY hvm Zv hvpvb 4 gvv ch v q KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni Kg c wz, AeKvVv gvmz Ae v, mev KvVv gvi AbymÜvbg~jK we køly 5 KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni mev cö`v bi m gzv hvpvb I Kvh Îi mskumg~n wpwýzkiy 6 mev MÖnxZv ch v q KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki Kvh KvwiZv, MÖnY hvm Zv I ` k gvb Am½wZmg~n AbymÜvb 7 KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni e e vcbvi ÿ Î mvaviy RbM Yi cöwzwbwaz g~jk AskMÖn Yi Kvh KvwiZv hvpvb 3 DcvË msmön I we køly c wz ewy Z D Ïk mg~n c~i Yi j Av jvp cöe Ü cwigvymz ( Kvqvw U UwUf) YMZ ( Kvqvwj UwUf) Dfq M elyv c wz AbymiY Kiv n q Q Ges G Î mevi cövc Zv, mevi gvb, mev MÖnxZvi mš wó BZ vw` welq we kl iæ Z i mv _ ch e Y I we køly K i gvv ch v qi Rwi ci djvd ji wfwë Z KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni cvi`wk Zv, m gzv I Kvh KvwiZv hvpvb Kiv n q Q m e vcwi, wewfbœ bw_ ch v jvpbv, gvv Rwic, mivmwi ch e Y, `jmz Av jvpbv ( dvkvm MÖæc wwmkvkb) Ges cökœwfwëk Rwic BZ vw`i gva g GKwU mvwe K wpî wbiƒc Yi Póv Kiv n q Q ØePqb c wz Z (i vûg m vgwcøs) wbe vwpz `ybwu Dc Rjvi (gqgbwmsn Rjvi dyjevwoqv I gy³vmvqv Dc Rjv) mkj Dc Rjv nj_ Kg cø, BDwbqb nj_ I `yb Dc Rjvi 25wU KwgDwbwU wk wbk bgybv wn m e e Q wb q gvv ch v qi AbymÜvb Kvh µg cwipvwjz n q Q Avw_ K ms køl, mev MÖnxZvi cwimsl vwbk we køly I AeKvVv gvmz mieiv ni Av jvpbvq gva wgk/ M Y Drm n Z cövß Z_ I KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki Kvh KvwiZv wepv i cöv_wgk Rwic _ K cövß djvdj we køly Kiv n q Q 4 djvdj we køly 4.1 ÔKwgDwbwU erw nj_ KqviÕ Kvh µ gi Rb Avw_ K ms kø li aviv we køly 2009 mv j ÔwifvBUvjvB Rkb Ad KwgDwbwU nj_ Kqvi Bwbwk qwufm Bb evsjv `kõ kxl K Kvh µ gi Aax b ÔKwgDwbwU erw nj_ KqviÕ cökíwu bzzb Avw½ K ïiæ niqvi ci mikv ii evwl K ev RU cwikíbvq GB Lv Z Avw_ K eivï `qvi welqwu K cövwakvi `qv nq

6 98 evsjv `k Dbœqb mgx v A_ eq i GB cök íi Rb 50 KvwU UvKv eivï `qv nq, hvi g a 47 KvwU 56 jÿ UvKv cökí Lv Z e q nq A_ vr gvu eiv Ïi 95 kzvsk mdjfv e cökí ev Íevq bi Kv R jv M ciez x A_ eq i A_ vr Z ÔwifvBUvjvB Rkb Ad KwgDwbwU nj_ Kqvi Bwbwk qwufm Bb evsjv `kõ Kvh µ gi Aaxb cökímg~ ni Rb ev RU eivï Pvi Y Kiv nq (203 KvwU 26 jvl UvKv) Ges A_ eqi k l `Lv hvq, gvu eiv Ïi 97 kzvsk cökí ev Íevq bi Kv R mdjfv e wbhy³ n q Q ÔwifvBUvjvB Rkb Ad KwgDwbwU nj_ Kqvi Bwbwk qwufm Bb evsjv `kõ Kvh µ gi gvu cuvp eqi gqv `i cöwz A_ eq i ev RU eivï wbqwgz nv i e w c q Q GB Kvh µ gi Z Zxq eqi A_ vr mv j 337 KvwU 60 jvl UvKv ev RU eivï `qv nq ciez x A_ eq i ( ) GB ev R Ui cwigvy nq 380 KvwU 29 jvl UvKv A_ eq i GB ev R Ui cwigvy `uvovq 400 KvwU UvKv ÔwifvBUvjvB Rkb Ad KwgDwbwU nj_ Kqvi Bwbwk qwufm Bb evsjv `kõ kxl K Kvh µ gi gqv` 30 Ryb 2014 Z mgvß niqvi ci AviI GK eqi evwo q 30 Ryb 2015 ch ší wba viy Kiv nq 2015 mv j G Kvh µ gi AvbyôvwbK mgvwßi ci ez gv b KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki hvezxq Kvh vewj ÔKwgDwbwU erw nj_ KqviÕ cökí wn m e GKKfv e cwipvwjz nq A_ eq i GB cök íi Rb eivï wqj 275 KvwU UvKv Ges ewa Z eq i ev RU eivï `qv nq 426 KvwU 81 jvl UvKv wpî 1: KwgDwbwU wk wbk cök í Avw_ K ms kø li µgaviv jÿ UvKv m~î: ^v I cwievi Kj vy gš Yvj qi evwl K cöwz e`bmg~n ( )

7 BDmyd, mvnv I Lv jk: evsjv ` k cöv_wgk ^v mevi Î KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki f~wgkv 99 ev RU eiv Ïi µgvbywgk aviv (wpî 1) we køly K i `Lv hvq, evsjv `k mikv ii ^v bxwz ev Íevq bi Ab Zg gyl Kvh µg wn m e KwgDwbwU wk wbk cök íi Rb h_vh_ iæz mnkv i ev RU eivï `qv n q Q cök íi cöv_wgk eqi jv Z ev RU eiv Ïi EaŸ gylx aviv cwijwÿz nq mvz eqi KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki Kvh µg eü _vkvi Kvi Y AeKvVv gvmz ms vi, bzzb mevcö`vbkvix `i wb qvm I cöwkÿy Ges wpwkrmv miävg cybtms v bi Rb g~jz GB A_ e q nq cök íi ciez x eqi jv Z ev RU eiv Ïi cwigvy ` k gvbfv e e w c ji cöe w i wnmv e Gi aviv wb œgylx wqj Gi GKwU m ve KviY n Z cv i ms vi Kvh µg mgvß niqvi c i GB cök íi Avw_ K Pvwn`v n«vm c qwqj wkš A_ eqi _ K A_ eqi ch ší KwgDwbwU wk wbk cök í Avw_ K ms kø li nvi 90 _ K 97 kzvsk ch ší, hv KwgDwbwU wk wbk cök íi Kvh Kwi ev Íevqb cö Póvi wb`k b ^iƒc GKBmv _ Avw_ K eiv Ïi EaŸ gylx aviv I Avw_ K ms kø li avivevwnk w wzkxjzv MÖvgxY Rb Mvôx K cöv_wgk ^v mev cö`v bi ÿ Î mikv ii bw_e jÿ I D Ïk mg~n h cöv qvwmk ÿ ÎI cövmw½k wqj Ges bxwzwba viyx ch v q mikv ii mw` Qvi Kv bv Afve wqj bv Zvi cögvy `q 4.2 KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki Rb Jla mieiv ni µgaviv we køly KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki MVbbxwZ Abyhvqx, wk wbkmg~ n AwaKvsk Riæwi Jl ai mieivn mikv ii cÿ _ K webvg~ j `qv nq ÔwifvBUvjvB Rkb Ad KwgDwbwU nj_ Kqvi Bwbwk qwufm Bb evsjv `kõ Kvh µ gi cöviw K eq i KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni Rb 58 KvwU UvKv g~ j i 25 cökv ii Jla webvg~ j mieivn Kiv nq ciez x eq i 91 KvwU UvKvi Jla mieivn Kiv nq, hlv b 28 cökv ii Jla wqj A_ eq i mieivnk Z Jl ai g~j gvb 128 KvwU Z `uvovq wkš Jl ai cökv ii msl v 29wU mxgve _v K A_ eq i KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni Rb 136 KvwU UvKvi Jla mieivn Kiv nq hv Z 30 cökv ii Jla wqj mviwy 1: KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki Rb Jla mieiv ni µgaviv A_ eqi mieivnk Z Jl ai g~j gvb (UvKv) Jl ai cökvi KvwU KvwU KvwU KvwU 30 m~î: ^v I cwievi Kj vy gš Yvj qi evwl K cöwz e`bmg~n ( ) 1 1 'wifvbuvjvb Rkb Ad KwgDwbwU nj_ Kqvi Bwbwk qwufm Bb evsjv `k' cök íi Rb I mv ji Jla mieiv ni Kv bv wbf i hvm cwimsl vb msmön Kiv hvqwb

8 100 evsjv `k Dbœqb mgx v mikv ii cÿ _ K mieivnk Z Jl ai g~j gvb I cöki Yi hymcr we køly _ K ejv hvq, ÔwifvBUvjvB Rkb Ad KwgDwbwU nj_ Kqvi Bwbwk qwufm Bb evsjv `kõ Kvh µ gi Aax b Jla mieivn e q cöwzeqi e w c ji mb e w i nvi mgvbycvwzk wqj bv mb mv _ Jl ai cökiy cök íi cövi eq i 25 _ K PZz_ eq i G m 30 G DbœxZ nq GB cwimsl vb we køly K i ejv hvq, KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki Ab Zg g~j D Ïk `wi`ª, `ȳ, myweavewâz cövwšík Rb Mvôx K webvg~ j wpwkrmv I Jla mieivn mva b mikv ii cÿ _ K HKvwšÍK cö Póv wqj wkš Jl ai cökiy e w bv cviqvi welqwu KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki mev`v b mÿgzv hvpvb qi ÿ Î GKwU bwzevpk (A_ev Ab g Z nzvkve ÄK) wpî mvg b Av b hw`i KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ n cöwkwÿz mev`vbkvixiv ïaygvî cöv_wgk wpwkrmv cö`v bi `vwqz cövß wkš Jl ai cöki Yi mxgve Zv- GKw` K hgb Zv `i mb `vwqz cvj bi cwimi K mskxy K i Zgwb Ab w` K KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni mevkvvv gvi cwiwa e w i m vebv n«vm K i 4.3 KwgDwbwU wk wb K mevmönxzvi msl vzvwë K we køly GB cöe Üi Ab Zg D Ïk n jv mikvi cöv_wgk ^v mev cövwßi my hvm m wói jÿ wb q MÖvgxY GjvKvq h KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~n vcb K i Q Ges wbqwgzfv e GB Lv Z Avw_ K eivï I Jla mieivn K i Q, ev Íe ÿ Î mikv ii GB D ` vm mvaviy RbM Yi Kv Q KZUv MÖnY hvm Zv c q Q Gi AbymÜv b ez gvb M elyvq ÔwifvBUvjvB Rkb Ad KwgDwbwU nj_ Kqvi Bwbwk qwufm Bb evsjv `kõ Kvh µ gi Aax b KwgDwbwU erw nj_ Kqvi cökí PjvKvjxb mg q ( ) KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ n mevmönxzv `i msl vi µge w we køly Kiv n q Q ^v I cwievi Kj vy gš Yvj qi evwl K cöwz e`bmg~n we køly K i `Lv hvq, cökí PjvKvjxb 5 eqi mg q mevmönxzvi msl v DË ivëi e w c q Q mv j 14.6 wgwjqb gvbyl KwgDwbwU wk wbk _ K ^v mev MÖnY K i Q A_ vr M o cöwz gv m 1.63 wgwjqb gvbyl KwgDwbwU wk wbk _ K ^v mev wb q Q mv j KwgDwbwU wk wb K mevmönxzvi msl v `uvovq wgwjqb A_ vr M o cöwzgv m 1.97 wgwjqb mv j cöwzgv m 3.11 wgwjqb gvbyl KwgDwbwU wk wbk _ K ^v mev bq Ges evrmwik mevmönxzvi msl v `uvovq 37.3 wgwjqb cök íi kl `yb eq i KwgDwbwU wk wb K mevmönxzvi msl v wqj h_vµ g wgwjqb I wgwjqb A_ eq i ^v I cwievi Kj vy gš Yvj qi evwl K cöwz e` bi wnmve _ K `Lv hvq, ÔwifvBUvjvB Rkb Ad KwgDwbwU nj_ Kqvi Bwbwk qwufm Bb evsjv `kõ Kvh µg kl niqvi cii D³ eq i 106 wgwjqb gvbyl KwgDwbwU wk wbk _ K ^v mev MÖnY K i Q (wpî 2)

9 BDmyd, mvnv I Lv jk: evsjv ` k cöv_wgk ^v mevi Î KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki f~wgkv 101 wpî 2: KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki Rb Jla mieiv ni µgaviv mevmönxzvi msl v (wgwjqb) 20 0 m~î: ^v I cwievi Kj vy gš Yvj qi evwl K cöwz e`bmg~n ( ) KwgDwbwU wk wbk vc Yi D `v vm bqvi mgq Av ikwu iæz c~y jÿ wqj Dc Rjv ch v qi mikvwi ^v mev K `ªmg~ ni mv _ KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~n K GKwU ms hvm we `y wn m e cöwzwôz Kiv hv Z K i Riæwi I iæzi ^v mevi ÿ Î KwgDwbwU wk wbk _ K Dc Rjv ch v q wpwkrmv MÖnY Kivi Rb mycvwikmn cöiy Kiv hvq mv j KwgDwbwU wk wbk _ K 25 nvrvi ivwm K Dc Rjv ch v q mev MÖnY Kivi Rb cöiy Kiv nq Ges mv j idv ijcövß ivwmi msl v `uvovq 3 jvl 7 nvrvi 508 Rb ÔwifvBUvjvB Rkb Ad KwgDwbwU nj_ Kqvi Bwbwk qwufm Bb evsjv `kõ Kvh µ gi Aax b KwgDwbwU erw nj_ Kqvi cök íi mevmönxzv I idv i ji msl v we køly K i ejv hvq, KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~n MÖvgxY Rb Mvôxi cöv_wgk ^v mev cövwßi K `ª wn m e Av v AR b K i Q Ges Gi gva g MÖvgxY Rb Mvôxi Rb cöv_wgk ^v mevi cövwß I cözzjzv wbwðz Kivi h jÿ wb q KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~n vwcz n qwqj ^vfvwek we epbvq Zv mdjfv e AwR Z n q Q e j cözxqgvb nq 4.4 KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni Kg c wz, AeKvVv gv I mevcö`vb e e vi AbymÜvb GB cöe Üi wfwëg~jk Rwic gqgbwmsn Rjvi gy³vmvqv I dzjevwoqv Dc Rjvi 25wU KwgDwbwU wk wb K cwipvwjz n q Q we ÍvwiZ ch eÿ Y `Lv hvq, cöwzwu KwgDwbwU wk wbk vbxq RbM Yi `vbk Z Rwg Z vwcz n q Q KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki Rwgi cwigvy ewkifvm ÿ ÎB 5 kzvsk cöwzwu KwgDwbwU wk wbk 1998 mv j vwcz Ges cybtms v ii ci AwaKvskB 2009 ev 2010 mv j Kvh µg ïiæ K i Q RwicK Z KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni _ K Dc Rjv ^v K `ªi Mo `~iz 8.7 wk jvwguvi

10 102 evsjv `k Dbœqb mgx v KwgDwbwU wk wbk jvi Kv bvwu ZB GLb ch ší we`ÿ r ms hvm bb hw`i ÔwifvBUvjvB Rkb Ad KwgDwbwU nj_ Kqvi Bwbwk qwufm Bb evsjv `kõ Kvh µ gi bxwzgvjvq we`ÿ r ms hvm vc bi K_v D jøl wqj KwgDwbwU wkøwbk cök íi h mikvwi I qemvbu Zv Z wk wbk jvi Rb m i we`ÿ r c v bj vwcz n e- GBiƒc D jøl _vk ji Kvh ÿ Î Zvi Kv bv ev Íe wb`k b cviqv hvqwb KwgDwbwU wk wbk cök íi Kg cwikíbv Z wwwruvj ^v mev A_ vr B- nj_ mvwf m cö`v bi K `ª wn m e wk wbkmg~n K e env ii K_v D jøl Av Q wkš GB M elyvi AšÍfy ³ 25wU KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki Kv bvwu ZB GBiƒc e e vi Kv bv wpý cwijwÿz nqwb RwicK Z KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni cöwzwu Z bjk~c myweav _vk ji Zvi Kv bvwub ïiæ _ K e env ivc hvmx wqj bv RwicK Z KwgDwbwU wk wbk jvi gvî 6wU Z e env ivc hvmx bjk~c cviqv M Q Ges evwk jv K e env ivc hvmx Kivi Rb GB Rwic PjvKvjxb mgq ch ší Kv bv c` ÿc bqv nqwb A_ vr ` k Z GB KwgDwbwU wk wbk jv Z wbivc` my cq cvwbi Kv bv e e v bb KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~n cwi`k b K i `Lv hvq, ivmx `i A cÿvi vbmg~n Acwimi Ges AwaKvsk ÿ ÎB wewfbœ Ae eüz miävg ivlvi Kvi Y emvi Dc hvmx bq bvix ivmx I iæzi ivmx `i Rb c _K Kv bv emvi vb bb wbqgvbyhvqx mvßvwnk QzwUi w`b ïµevi Qvov KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ n mkvj 9Uv _ K `ycyi 3Uv ch ší cöwzw`b gvu 6 N Uv wbiew Qbœfv e ^v mev cö`vb Kivi K_v wkš `jmz Av jvpbv I cökœwfwëk Rwi ci gva g Rvbv hvq h, e Z KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ n cöwzw`b mv o 3 N Uvi ewk mev Kvh µg P j bv GB ch eÿ Yi ÿ Î mevmönxzv I mevcö`vbkvix `yb cÿ _ K `yb ai bi e vl v cviqv hvq KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki mevcö`vbkvix `i g Z, ivmxiv mvaviyz mkvj mv o 10Uvi Av M KL bvb wk wb K Av mb bv Ges mb Kvi Y Zviv mkvj 9 Uvi wba vwiz mg q wksev mkvj 10Uvi Av M Kvh ÿ Î cu Qv bvi cö qvrb Abyfe K ib bv Ab w` K mevmönxzv `i g Z, KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki mevcö`vbkvixiv KL bvb mkvj mv o 10Uvi Av M wk wb K Dcw Z _v Kb bv e jb ivwmivi G mg qi Av M mev wb Z Av mb bv mevmönxzviv AviI Awf hvm K ib h, KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki mevcö`vbkvixiv AwaKvsk ÿ ÎB `ycyi 2Uvq mev K `ª Z vm K ib KwgDwbwU wk wb K mevcö`vb ïiæ I k li mg qi G Am½wZi Kvi Y wk wbkmg~ n mevcövwßi `wbk Kvh Kwi mgq 6 N Uvi cwie Z ev Íe ÿ Î mv o 3 N Uvq G m `uvovq GB M elyvi ch eÿy Abyhvqx, mevcövwßi mg qi GB Am½wZ KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki cöv_wgk ^v mevi cövc Zv wbwðz Kivi ÿ Î GKwU evav ^iƒc Ges `xn w`be vcx mgqrwbz G Am½wZi avivevwnkzv _ K KwgDwbwU wk wbk e e vcbv KwgwUi ZË veavbrwbz `ye jzvi cözxqgvb nq 4.5 mevcö`v bi mÿgzv hvpvb I Kvh ÿ Î mskumg~n wpwýzkiy KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ n wzb ai bi mevcö`vbkvix (KwgDwbwU nj_ Kqvi cövfvbwvi, nj_ A vwmm U U I d vwgwj I qj dqvi A vwmm U U) i q Qb RwicK Z wk wbkmg~ n KwgDwbwU nj_ Kqvi cövfvbwvi `i 63 kzvsk, nj_ A vwmm U Ui 58 kzvsk Ges

11 BDmyd, mvnv I Lv jk: evsjv ` k cöv_wgk ^v mevi Î KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki f~wgkv 103 d vwgwj I qj dqvi A vwmm U Ui 96 kzvskb gwnjv G `i eqm M o 26 _ K 42 Gi g a ; 26 kzvsk KwgDwbwU nj_ Kqvi cövfvbwv ii wkÿvmz hvm Zv D P gva wgk ch ší, 43 kzvsk œvzk wwwmöcövß Ges 30 kzvsk œvz KvËi wwwmö wb q Q Rwi c Ask bqv nj_ Kqvi cövfvbwvi `i 100 kzvs kib cöv_wgk ^v mev cö`v bi 90 w` bi c~y cöwkÿy i q Q Ges Zviv mßv n Qqw`bB mevcö`vb K i _v K Ab w` K nj_ A vwmm U U `i 4 kzvsk Ges d vwgwj I qj dqvi A vwmm U U `i 50 kzvs ki wkÿvmz hvm Zv gva wgk ch ší Ges Zv `i g a AšÍZ 15 kzvs ki Kv bv cökvi cöwkÿy GL bv m úbœ nqwb KwgDwbwU nj_ Kqvi cövfvbwvi `i gvwmk Mo ezb 10 nvrvi UvKv Aciw` K nj_ A vwmm U U I d vwgwj I qj dqvi A vwmm U U `i gvwmk Mo ezb h_vµ g 13,268 UvKv I 14,221 UvKv nj_ A vwmm U U I d vwgwj I qj dqvi A vwmm U U `i ezb Zyjbvg~jK ewk niqvi GKwU Ab Zg KviY Zv `i PvKzwiKvjxb mgq AwaKvsk KwgDwbwU nj_ Kqvi cövfvbwvi `i P q ewk KwgDwbwU wk wbk jv Z mivmwi ch eÿy _ K `Lv hvq, 96 kzvsk KwgDwbwU wk wbk Zv `i ivmx `i wbeüb iv L Ges 100 kzvsk KwgDwbwU wk wbk bervzk I Mf ezx gv q `i wbeüb K i GQvov 36 kzvsk KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki mevcö`vbkvixiv Jl ai ez gvb grỳ m ú K Zv `i Amš wói K_v Rvbvq RwicK Z KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni g a 76 kzvsk cwi Qbœ Ges 32 kzvsk ÿ Î bvix I cyiæl `i Rb c _K Uq j Ui e e v Av Q; 21 kzvsk wkøwb K er e e vcbv AZ ší Lvivc wbqgvbyhvqx KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ n cöwzgv m Jla mieivn niqvi K_v wkš Kvh ÿ Î `Lv hvq AwaKvsk wk wb K cöwzgv m wbqwgz Jla mieivn `qv nq bv RwicK Z KwgDwbwU wk wbk jvi K qkwu Z wzb-pvi gv mi e eav b Jla mieivn Av m, hvi d j mev`vbkvixiv wk wb K AvMZ ivmx `i webvg~ j Jla mieivn Ki Z cv i bv Gi d j ivmx `i g a Am šívl m wó nq Ges Zviv cöv_wgk ^v mevcövwßi AwaKvi _ K ewâz nq RwicK Z KwgDwbwU wk wbk jvi gvî 36 kzvsk mieivnk Z Jl ai cwigvy h _ó e j g b K i cökœwfwëk Rwic _ K Rvbv hvq, Jla I wpwkrmv miävgvw`i AcÖZzjZv wb q Am šív li cvkvcvwk KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki mevcö`vbkvixiv Zv `i cövß cöwkÿy m ú K I cy ivcywi mš ó bq KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki mevcö`vbkvixiv wewfbœ wkÿvmz hvm Zvi Ges weávb, gvbwek, evwyr BZ vw` wefvm _ K AvMZ KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki MvBWjvBb Abyhvqx, cö Z K KwgDwbwU nj_ Kqvi cövfvbwvi `i 12 mßv ni GKwU cöwkÿy `qv nq Gi g a 6 mßvn ZvwË K I 6 mßvn e envwik cöwkÿy `qv nq Ges cöwkÿy k l mevcö`vbkvix `i gvb hvpvb qi Rb PviwU cixÿv bqv nq KwgDwbwU nj_ Kqvi cövfvbwviiv g b K i gvî 12 mßv ni GB cöwkÿy cöv_wgk ^v mevcö`v bi `ÿzv AR bi Rb h _ó bq KwgDwbwU wk wb K h ai bi ^v mev `qv nq Zvi Rb wek` e envwik cöwkÿ Yi cö qvrb i q Q gvz ^v I cywó, wk kvi-wk kvix `i eqtmwükvjxb ^v mev, Mf ezx gv I bervz Ki Rb ^v mev, Wvqwiqv, Bbd z qäv, g v jwiqv, Kvjv R i, hÿv, Pg ivm, bvk-kvb-mjv I `ší wpwkrmvq cöv_wgk mev, KvUv- cvov I wdue v gv Ges D P i³pvc, Wvqv ewum, Av m wbk I wbd gvwbqv

12 104 evsjv `k Dbœqb mgx v RvZxq ivm wpwýzkiy BZ vw` wpwkrmv mev cö`v bi Rb KwgDwbwU nj_ Kqvi cövfvbwvi `i K AšÍZ 24 mßv ni cöwkÿy `qvi cö qvrbxqzv Av Q e j 70 kzvsk mevcö`vbkvix g b K i cÿvší i 80 kzvsk mevcö`vbkvixi g Z, wek e vcx wpwkrmv mevi DrKl h nv i e w cv Q Ges wewfbœ iv Mi cöv`yf ve, iv Mi aib BZ vw`i cwiez b n Q mb Av jv K KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki mevcö`vbkvix `i Rb GKwU wbw` ó mgq AšÍi ^í gqvw` Kg kvjvi Av qvrb Kiv DwPZ 4.6 mevmönxzv ch v q KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki Kvh KvwiZv I MÖnY hvm Zv KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki mev e e v I Kvh KvwiZv m ú K mevmönxzvi ga _ K wgkö cöwzwµqv cviqv M Q AwaKvsk mevmönxzv g b K i, MÖvgxY Rb Mvôxi Rb Z Yg~j ch v q KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki g Zv wpwkrmv cöwzôvb _vkvq Zviv b~ bzg cöv_wgk ^v mev cv Q Rwi c Ask bqv 90 kzvsk mevmönxzv mvaviy ^v mgm vi ( hgb: R i, c Ui AmyL BZ vw`) ÿ Î KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki mevi Ici Av v iv L KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki webvg~ j mev I JlacÖvwßi welqwu K Zviv BwZevPKfv e ` L Z e AwaKvsk mgq ch vß cwigv Y Jla bv _vkvi welqwu K Zviv mikv ii cövwzôvwbk `ye jzv e j g b K i Ges G e vcv i Zv `i Amš wó Rvbvq Rwi c Ask bqv 80 kzvsk mevmönxzv Mf ezx gv I bervz Ki Rb KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki meve e v m ú K mš ó n ji wkï Rb `v bi c i gv q `i Rb Zgb Kv bv ^v mevi my hvm bv _vkvi wel q Av jvkcvz K i Rwi c Ask bqv 100 kzvsk mevmönxzvb g b K i KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ n mvaviy iv Mi cvkvcvwk iæzi I Riæwi ^v mgm vq wpwkrmvi e e v _vkv cö qvrb Ges G `i cö Z KB g b K i KwgDwbwU wk wbk jv Z wpwkrmv miäv gi e e v AviI DbœZ niqv cö qvrb gy³vmvqv Dc Rjvi Aaxb KwgDwbwU wk wbk Gi mevmönxzv `i g a wzbwu `jmz Av jvpbv m úbœ Kiv nq Gi cö_gwu wqj Mf ezx bvix `i mv _ MovBKzVxi cövq 15 Rb Mf ezx gv m Av jvpbvq Dcw Z wq jb Ges cöv_wgk mevcövwßi ÿ Î KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki Kvh KvwiZvi cö kœ Zv `i KvQ _ K wgkö cöwzwµqv cviqv M Q GB bvix `i cö Z KB KwgDwbwU wk wb K wbeübk Z Ges GLvb _ K cöwzgv m PKAvc Kivb KwgDwbwU wk wbk _ K Zv `i webvg~ j wbqwgz K vjwmqvg U ve ju `qv nq wkš Mf vw Z wkïi Ae v ch eÿ Yi Rb Avëªvm bvmöv gi myweav KwgDwbwU wk wbk jv Z cviqv hvq bv ïaygvî Kv bv Riæwi Ae vi cöwÿ Z Ges KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki mevcö`vbkvixi mycvwi k gy³vmvqv nj_ wk wb K Avëªvm bvmövg Kiv bv nq Av jvpbvq Ask bqv gv qiv cö Z KB mwvk gvîvq Mf Kvjxb wukv cövwßi ÿ Î mš wó Rvwb q Qb Z e Rb wbqš Y mevi ÿ Î KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki civgk ev Íe ÿ Î cö qvm Kiv AwaKvsk bvix `i ÿ Î m e nq bv G ÿ Î Rb wbqš Y c wz MÖn Yi ÿ Î Zv `i ^vgx `i AbxnvB g~j KviY e j Rvbv hvq Z e Gme bvix ^v m PZbZvi ÿ Î KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki BwZevPK f~wgkvi K_v ^xkvi K ib hw`i Zviv g b K ib KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki mevi cwiwa, wpwkrmv miävg Ges mevcö`vbkvixi msl v AviI e w Kiv DwPZ hv Z K i Zv `i iæzi iv Mi ÿ ÎI Dc Rjv ^v Kg cø h Z

13 BDmyd, mvnv I Lv jk: evsjv ` k cöv_wgk ^v mevi Î KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki f~wgkv 105 bv nq GQvovI Zviv KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ n we`ÿ r I cvwbi Afve wpwkrmv mev K e vnz K i e j g b K i Zv `i g Z, KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ n wpwkrmv mevcö`vbkvix `i `ÿzv AviI e w Kiv M j mevi gvb AviI DbœZ n e wøzxq `jmz Av jvpbvwu Kiv nq K òbm ii 12 Rb wk kvix `i GKwU ` ji mv _ Giv g b K i KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni AeKvVv gvmz myweavi Afv ei Kvi Y cö qvrbxq ^v mev cviqv hvq bv iæzi ^v mgm vi mg q KwgDwbwU wk wb K cö qvrbxq mev cviqv hvq bv e j Zv `i K Dc Rjv ch v q h Z nq Ges Gi d j hvzvqvzmn Avbylvw½K wewfbœ Lv Z AwZwi³ A_ e q nq wk kvix `i G ` ji mv _ Av jvpbvq Rvbv hvq, eqtmwükvjxb kvixwik mgm v, wk kvix `i e w³mz kvixwik RwUjZv BZ vw` wel q KwgDwbwU wk wbk _ K Kv bv cökvi mev cviqv hvqwb wu Ubvm wukv bqvi wel q Zviv A b KB AeMZ bq Ges hviv G wel q Rv b ZvivI G wukv bqvi iæz m ú K AeMZ bq Av ikwu jÿyxq iæzi welq wqj h, GB wk kvix `i cö Z KB m vwbuvwi b vcwk bi e envi m ú K Rv b wkš e envi K i bv Gi KviY wn m e Zviv Zv `i cwiev ii Avw_ K Am½wZi K_v Rvbvq Ges Zviv g b K i, wk kvix `i ^v myiÿvi c` ÿc wn m e mikv ii cÿ _ K KwgDwbwU wk wbk jvi gva g webvg~ j m vwbuvwi b vcwkb mieivn Kiv DwPZ Z Zxq `jmz Av jvpbvwu nq gwyivgcvovi 20 Rb wk kvi I cyiæ li GKwU ` ji m ½ G Av jvpbv _ K Rvbv hvq h, KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ n Jla mieivn, wpwkrmv miävg Ges gvbm úbœ mevi Afve i q Q KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki mev`v bi mgq AviI e w Kiv DwPZ e j Zviv g b K i Ges mevcö`vbkvix `i AviI `ÿ K i Zvjvi cö qvrb Av Q e j Rvbvq G Av jvpbvq Ask bqv cyiæ liv wkï `i wukv`v bi ÿ Î Ges Mf ezx gv q `i mev`v bi ÿ Î BwZevPK gzvgz `q Z e KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki cwimi AviI e w K i mlv b cwi QbœZv, wewfbœ ivmx `i Rb Avjv`v emvi vb, we`ÿ r I cvwbi mye e v Kivi cö qvrbxqzv Av Q e j g b K i G Av jvpbvq Ask bqv wk kv iiv eqtmwükvjxb mg q KwgDwbwU wk wbk _ K Kv bvikg ^v civgk I mevcövwßi my hvm Av Q e j Rv b bv Ges Mf ezx gv I wk kvix `i Rb ^v I cywói mev m ú K I Zviv mg Kfv e AewnZ bq mvaviy R i I c Ui Amy Li ÿ Î Zv `i KwgDwbwU wk wb K hviqvi AwfÁZv Av Q Ges mlv b Zviv webvg~ j Jla c q Q e j Rvbvq 4.7 KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni e e vcbv I mvaviy RbM Yi cöwzwbwaz g~jk AskMÖnY gvv ch v qi Rwic _ K Rvbv hvq h, KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni e e vcbv KwgwU wbqwgz mfvi Av qvrb Ki ji mlv b mvaviy RbM Yi gzvgz ivlvi my hvm _v K bv Ges AwaKvsk ÿ Î Zv `i gzvg Zi cöwzdjb ev Íe ÿ Î nq bv KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki e e vcbvi KwgwUi m`m `i GKwU wbw` ó GjvKvi RbM Yi gv S ^v m PZbZv Zwi Kivi K_v GB Rwi c m PZbZv m wóg~jk D ` vmmg~ ni Kvh KvwiZvi Afve cwijwÿz n q Q we kl K i GjvKvi cyiæl `i g a bvix I wk kvix `i ^v mev MÖn Yi cö qvrbxqzv wel q Am PZbZv wk kvi `i eqtmwükvjxb ^v mev cövwß m ú K AÁZv Ges we kl K i Rb wbqš Y e e v

14 106 evsjv `k Dbœqb mgx v MÖn Yi ÿ Î cyiæl `i Abxnv _ K cözxqgvb nq h, KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~n cöv_wgk ^v mev cö`vbkvix wpwkrmv K `ª wn m e Zrci _vk ji RbM Yi gv S we kl K i ^v mev, cywóz_ I m PZbZvg~jK ^v wkÿvi cömv i KwgDwbwU wk wbk mv cvu MÖæc jv Kvh Ki f~wgkv ivl Z mÿg nqwb ÔKwgDwbwU erw nj_ wk wbkõ cök íi bxwzgvjv Abyhvqx, e e vcbv KwgwU Z GK-Z Zxqvsk bvix I wk kvi-wk kvix `i Dcw wzi K_v ejv n ji RwicK Z KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni ÿ Î GB AskMÖnY mgfv e wbwðz nqwb mvgwmök Av jvpbvi cöwÿ Z ejv hvq h, KwgDwbwU wk wbk jvi Rb Avw_ K eivï, Jla mieivn, cöv_wgk ^v mev `vb, Mf ezx gv I bervz Ki mevi my hvm, Dc Rjv ^v Kg cø i mv _ ms hvm I idv ij c wz, wukv`vb, cwievi cwikíbv welqk mev I civgk BZ vw` ÿ Î mdjzv cwijwÿz n q Q wkš AeKvVv gvmz I cövwzôvwbk msku, `ÿ gvbekw³i Afve, mevkvvv gv Z we kl ^v Pvwn`v (eqtmwükvjxb ^v civgk, wkïi R b i ci gv q `i ^v mev BZ vw`) c~i Yi my hvm bv _vkv Ges KwgDwbwU wk wbk mv cvu MÖæ ci e e vcbvi Am½wZ I A`ÿZvi Kvi Y GB M elyvi AbymÜv b KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~n cöv_wgk ^v mevi cömv i Kvh Ki f~wgkv ivlvi cvkvcvwk A bk msku I Am½wZ mgvav b GL bv mÿg nqwb e j cözxqgvb nq 5 Dcmsnvi mvwe K Av jvpbvi cöw Z ejv hvq h, KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~n Z Yg~j ch v qi cöv_wgk ^v mev cövwßi my hvm m wó K i Q we kl K i ^v mev KvVv gvi AvIZvi evb i _vkv `wi`ª, `yt I cövwšík Rb Mvôx K ^v mevi AwaKv ii AšÍf y³ Ki Z m g n q Q, hv KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki me P q D jøl hvm mvdj Z e wkqy msku I mgm v K wpwýz Kiv n q Q hv KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki mev mydj I Kvh KvwiZv K evavmö Í Ki Q cö_gz, KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ n we`ÿ r, cvwb, m vwb Ukb BZ vw` myweavi Kvh Ki Abycw wz I vb mskurwbz Kvi Y mev cö`vb Kvh µg evavmö Í n Q; wøzxqz, KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni mev cö`v bi mgq Qq N Uv, wkš Pvwn`v I hvmv bi Am½wZ I Ab vb cvwicvwk K Amyweavi Kvi Y GB Qq NÈvi Kvh Ki e envi m e nq bv, Z ZxqZ, Kv bv ch v qb mvwe K ch e Y I ZË veav b Kv bv mikvwi cöwzôvb ev GjvKvi KwgDwbwU wk wbk e e vcbv KwgwUi cöwzwbwa` ji Kv bv ZrciZv bb; PZz_ Z, mev cö`vbkvix `i wk vmz hvm Zv wewfbœ wefvm (gvbwek, evwyr I weávb) _ K niqvq GKwU gvî ^í gqvw` U«wbs mev cö`v b Zv `i ` K i Zvjvi Rb h _ó bq câgz, wkqy wkqy GjvKvq Ilya mieivn hgb AZ ší AcÖZyj Zgwb wpwkrmv miäv gii Afve i q Q; ivmx `i h mvgvb cwigvy Jla `qv nq Zv ivm wbivg q h _ó bq e j Kvw LZ djvdj cviqv hvq bv Mf ezx gv, wk kvi-wk kvix `i ^v Pvwn`v ch v jvpbv K i Zv `i Rb ^v mevi cwimi AviI e w Kiv `ikvi G Qvov KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki cöv_wgk ^v mevi cwimi e w K i Riæwi I iæzi iv Mi wpwkrmv cövwßi my hvm m wó Ki j MÖvgxY RbM Yi Rb ^v mev

15 BDmyd, mvnv I Lv jk: evsjv ` k cöv_wgk ^v mevi Î KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki f~wgkv 107 cö`v b KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni Kvh Ki f~wgkv AviI djcöm~ n e e j GB cöe Üi AbymÜvb _ K cözxqgvb nq cökœ n jv, KwgDwbwU wk wbkmg~ ni we` gvb G me msk Ui Gi cöw Z Kvh Ki mev cö`vb wbwðz Ki Z Kx Kiv h Z cv i? Gi DË i Av jvp cöe Üi mvgwmök ch e Y I we køl Yi cöw Z ejv hvq, g wjk mev myweavi cözyjzv wbwðz Kiv, mev cö`vbkvix `i AviI ` I cöwkw Z K i Zvjv, mvaviy RbM Yi AskMÖn Yi gva g KwgDwbwU wk wbk e e vcbv KwgwU K Kvh Kifv e Zrci K i Zvjv, m e vcwi cövwzôvwbk ch v q ^v mykvmb wbwðz Kivi gva g evsjv ` ki cöv_wgk ^v mevi Î KwgDwbwU wk wb Ki cöfve I Kvh Ki f~wgkv K AwaKZi cövmw½k I BwZevPK Kiv m e MÖš cwä Bangladesh Medical Resear Council (2011): Status and Prospect of Community Clinic in Rural Areas of Bangladesh: An Overview of Healthworkers, Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull, 37: Charles, Normand, Mustak Hassan Iftekar & Syed Aziz Rahman (2002): Assessment of the Community Clinics: Effects on Service Delivery, Quality and Utilization of Services, Health Systems Development Programme, Bangladesh. Centre on Budget and Policy (2015): Provision of Primary Health Care Services Delivered by Community Clinics, Supported by World Vision Bangladesh, University of Dhaka. GoB: Sixth Five Year Plan ( ), Planning Commission, Government of People s Republic of Bangladesh. GoB: Seventh Five Year Plan ( ), Planning Commission, Government of People s Republic of Bangladesh. Health Bulletin (2012): Primary Health Care: Revitalization of Community Clinic, ch.4. HPNSP (2011): Operational Plan Community Based Health Care (July 2011 June 2016), Health, Population, and Nutrition Sector Development Programme (HPNSP), Directorate General of Health Services, Dhaka. MoHFW (Various Year): Annual Report ( , Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of People s the Republic of Bangladesh. (Various Year): Budget Documents ( ), Ministry of Finance, Government of the People s Republic of Bangladesh. (n.d.): Health Policy 2011, Miinistry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of the People s Republic of Bangladesh. Rabbani, Golam (2010): Agenda Setting on Community Health in Bangladesh, Master in Public Policy and Governance Program, Department of General and Continuing Education, North South University, Bangladesh.