Study of some physiological characteristics of potato tissue under salinity stress

Transcription

1 Intrntionl Journl of Frming n Alli Sins Avill onlin t 28 IJFAS Journl-28-7-/-5/ 28 F, 28 ISSN IJFAS Stuy of som physiologil hrtristis of potto tissu unr slinity strss Nosrt Mosvi, Mostf Ei 2 *, Mhi Khorshii 3, Nhi Msouin 2, Hossin Hokmi 2. -Ph.D. stunt of Plnt Physiology, Biology Shool, Dmghn Islmi Az Univrsity. 2-Assistnt Profssor Biology Shool, Dmghn Islmi Az Univrsity. 3-Assistnt profssor, Biology shool, Dmghn Univrsity. Corrsponing uthor: Mostf Ei ABSTRACT: Potto is on of th most importnt rop plnts n plnt tissu ultur is vry importnt in th ultivtion of plnts. Slinity is on of th nvironmntl ftors tht ffts plnt growth. In this rsrh, som of th physiologil hrtristis of pottos ultivt y tissu ultur mtho r invstigt. Aftr prpring th ltrl us n strilizing, wr ultur in th MS mium. For th fft of slinity, onntrtions of, 25, 5, 75 n mm NCl hv n us. Aftr th growth of us, th lvs wr smpl n th photosynthti pigmnttion, solul sugrs, prolin, protin, n othr hrtristis wr vlut. Th rsults show tht slinity rus photosynthti pigmnttion. Th mount of protin, solul sugrs n frsh wight hv lso n ru with slt strss, ut th mount of prolin hs inrs somwht u to slinity, whih is in rspons to slinity strss. Kywors: Potto, Slinity strss, Plnt tissu ultur, Physiologil hrtristis. INTRODUCTION Potto is on of th most importnt rops in th Soln fmily, whih prous 325 million tons of rop, whih is rnk fourth in th worl ftr wht, ri n orn (Woolf 986). Th potto plys mjor rol in nutrition of th popl of th worl. Du to its high yil, its nrgy n protin ontnt pr unit r is mor thn wht n ri (Khwjpour, 24). Potto is grown in out ountris unr tmprt, sutropil n tropil onitions. Th potto is silly rop of tmprt limts. Th st growth of this plnt is in ol rgions with ool nights n mort ys with full rition. Vgttiv prolifrtion, s th most importnt mtho for growing pottos, mks th plnt susptil to ontmintion with vrity of tri, fungi n viruss (Tovr t l., 985). Proviing hlthy n iss-fr plnt mtril for ommril ultivtion is ssntil for th proution of plnts in vitro y tissu ultur. Th high rproutiv offiint, its fsiility throughout th yr, n th low sp rquirmnt r mong th nfits of tissu ultur. Slinity strss is on of th most importnt nvironmntl strsss tht ffts th ntir plnt growth prio n limits th growth n yil of rops y ruing th osmoti potntil n impiring th sorption of rtin nutrints. Inrsing soium n hlori ions lso rus th sorption of ssntil ions, inluing potssium ions, lium, mmonium n nitrt, n rss th tivity of nzyms n loks th strutur of th mmrn (Ky t l., 26). Th umultion of toxi mounts of slts in lf poplst uss plsms,

2 Chorophyl Totl (mg/gfw) Crtnois (mg/gfw) Chorophyl (mg/gfw) Chorophyl (mg/gfw) rus inflmmtion n th of lf lls, n th high rtio of soium to potssium, y isling nzyms, ffts mtoli prosss, suh s photosynthsis in plnts, n rss growth Assssing th physiologil hrtristis of plnt rsponss in slt strss hlps us to isovr iohmil pthwys n us ths rsults to inrs th yil. Th im of this xprimnt ws to stuy th physiologil hrtristis of potto unr slt strss through tissu ultur. In this rsrh, th lngth of slings, th mount of photosynthti pigmnts, prolin, protin n solul sugrs r vlut. Mtril n Mthos In this rsrh, th ltrl us of th vgttiv stms wr us. Aftr proviing th ltrl us, thy wr striliz in 5% soium hypohlorit for 2 minuts n ftr thr tims wsh striliz istill wtr for 5 minuts in lminr-flo hoo for ultivtion Ws us. MS mium with 3% suros n % gr with ph5.5 wr us. Eh si us or nos wr trnsfrr to ultur mium with iffrnt onntrtions of slt (, 25, 5, 75 & mm NCl) with thr rplitions. Aftr Four wks of physiologil hrtristis of slings suh s stm lngth, numr of lvs n nos, photosynthti pigmnts (Lihtnthlr 987), prolin (Bts t l., 973), protin (Brfor 976) n solul sugrs (Rorts n Mrtin959) wr vlut. Rsults n Disussion Th rsults show tht slinity rus th mount of hlorophyll, hlorophyll, totl hlorophyll n rotnois(figur:). Also, with inrsing slinity onntrtion, thir mount rss mor. Th highst mount ws osrv in th ontrol group n th lowst in th mg group(figur:). Chloroplsts r orgnlls tht hv th grtst fft on slinity. Slinity uss mg to th hloroplst strutur n th instility of th olor protin ompouns. Crotnois r lso fft. Du to slinity, th mount of hlorophyll is ru u to mor hlorophylls tivity in slt strss onitions. Aoring to prvious rports, with inrsing soium hlori ontnt, th mount of totl hlorophyll, hlorophyll n hlorophyll rs signifintly in two tomto ultivrs NCl Conntrtion (mm) NCl Conntrtion (mm) NCl Conntrtion (mm) NCl Conntrtion (mm) Figur : Th fft of slinity on photosynthti pigmnts in potto (Mns ± SE). Sm lttr init not signifint (p.5) s on Dunn's tst

3 Ruing th mount of hlorophyll n u to hng in th nitrogn mtolism ssoit with th formtion of ompouns suh s prolin, whih is us in osmoti rgultion. Inrsing prolin proution mks glutmt, prursor of hlorophyll n prolin, lss involv in th hlorophyll iosynthsis pthwy. Slt hs n irritting fft on glutmin kins tivity, th first nzym in th prolin pthwy is iosynthsis (Piotr Grzyn, 25, Dvi t l., 996). Th first hlorophyll iosynthsis nzym is glutmt ligs, whih prvnts slt from its tivity. Thrfor, in slinity onitions, th proution of hlorophyll u to ru tivity of th glutmt ligs tivity on th othr si th onsumption of mor glutmt y th nzym tivt glutmin lips on th othr, is ru (Ros- Ir n Miti, 995 Yonghoo, t l., 24). Msuring th mount of prolin shows tht it hs inrs with onntrtions of slinity, whih is onsistnt with th rsults. Howvr, thr is no signifint iffrn twn th two groups of 75 n mm ut thr is signifint iffrn twn th ontrol. Sirm t l. Exprimnts show tht inrs prolin rsult in inrs plnt rsistn to slinity, n this hng pns on plnt spis(sirm t l., 998). Prolin umultion uring tnsion is th rsult of gnti mnipultion of prolin mtolism in plnts. Somtims, th mount of prolin in th plnt unr slinity strss inrss to tims its in ontrol. Bus its umultion hs ontrtil rol in th plnt n is propos s ron-nitrogn storg osmolit (Tri t l., 22). Slinity hs ru th mount of protin. Th rsults show tht with inrsing slt strss, th mount of protin lso rs in th sm wy(figur:2). High lvls of soium n hlori ions in th protoplsm us imln in ion ln (ion rtio of potssium n lium to soium ion) n th spifi ffts of ions on mmrn nzyms; onsquntly, photophosphoryltion n phosphoryltion in th rspirtory hin prou vry littl nrgy thrfor nitrogn ssimiltion is isrupt, protin mtolism is istur, n th umultion of imins n polymins ours. In grmint ri ss n uring th nxt stgs of plnt growth, slinity mgs protin synthsis n rss Chngs in th pttrn of protins unr slt onitions r proly u to th fft of slinity on protin mtolism (Bjguz n Hyt, 28). Msuring th mount of solul sugrs shows tht thr is slight inrs in onntrtions of 25 n 5 mm, ut this iffrn is not signifint(figur:2). In onntrtions ov 5 mm, th solul sugrs ontnt rss. Rsrhrs hv nm sugr proution s on of th st prottors of th plnt in trms of tnsion. 87 Thy lso si tht th inrsing rohyrts, mino is n polymins r on of th most fftiv wys of tolrn to strss(hussin t l., 27). It hs lso n rport tht in tomto lvs, th mount of solul sugr n totl shris n signifintly inrs in th slt trtmnt, ut th mount of strh i not hng signifintly (Go t l., 998, Khvrinj n Ghfrzh, 998). It hs lso n rport tht in tomtos, suros onntrtion n tivity of suros phospht synths inrs in lvs, ut invrts tivity rs. Krpsi n Gli rport tht th mount of lf sugr in th wht gnotyp ws ru to slt strss, ut it inrs in rought, whih inits th rol of solul rohyrts in rsistn to strss (Krpsi n Gli, 2). Th figur 3 show th xplnt us grown in onntrtions of, 25 n mm NCl. Growth n lngth of u n lngth wr ompltly fft y slinity strss. 3

4 Prolin (mg/gfw) Solul sugrs (mg/gfw) Frsh Wight (mg) Protin (mg/gfw) NCl Conntrtion (mm) NCl Conntrtion (mm) NCl Conntrtion (mm) NCl Conntrtion (mm) Figur 2: Th fft of slinity on frsh wight, protin, prolin n solul sugrs in potto (Mns ± SE). Sm lttr init not signifint (p.5) s on Dunn's tst..4.2 Figur 3: Th fft of slinity on potto xplnt of ltrl. Conlusions Howvr, slinity is on of th prolms of griultur toy, n y limiting it rus th rop, ut sintifi mthos n intify th potntil of plnts n us thm to op with tnsions. In this rsrh, w xmin th physiologil hrtristis of tissu ultur potto in slinity strss. Th plnt hs inrs th prolin rspons, 4

5 ut photosynthti pigmnts n protin n solul sugrs hv rs. Howvr, ths rsponss in low slt onntrtion init rsistn to plnts, ut in plnts with slinity of mor thn 25 mm, th plnt is wkn n its growth limit. It sms tht y knowing th physiologil prosss n strngthning thm, thy n ovrom tnsions to grt xtnt. REFERENCES Bjguz A, Hyt S. 28. Effts of rssinostrois on th plnt rsponss to nvironmntl strsss. Plnt Physiol. :6-2. Bts LS, Wlrn RP, Tr ID Rpi trmintion fr prolin for wtr strss stuis." Plnt Soil. 29: Brfor MM 'A rpi n snsitiv mtho for th quntittion of mirogrm quntitis of protin utilizing th prinipl of protin y ining. Anl. Bihm. 72: Dvi W, Bollivr S, Bl I Th hlorophyll Biosynthti nzym Mg-protoporphyrin IX Monomthyl Estr (Oxitiv Cyls). Plnt Physio. l (2):5-4. Go ZF, Sgi M, Lips SH Crohyrt mtolism in lvs n ssimilt prtitioning in fruits of tomto (Lyoprsion sulntum) As fft y slinity. Plnt Si, 35: Hussin MM, Bl LK, Gllh MS. 27. Sliyli Ai n Slinity Effts on Growth of Miz plnts. J of Agri n Biol Si 3(4): Ky MD, Ok UG, Atk MC Ikili Y, Kolsrii O. 26. S Trtmnts To Ovrom Slt An Drought Strss During Grmintion In Sunflowr (Hlinthus nnuus L.). 24: Krpsi I, Gli G. 2. Osmoto n slt strss inu ltrntion in solut rohyrt ontnt in wht slings. Crop Si. 4: Khjhpour MR. 24. Inustril Plnts Pulishing Hous of Jih, Univrsity of Isfhn. 2:4 Khvrinj RA,Ghfrzh N. 998.Th ffts of NCl n CCl2 on photosynthsis n growth of lflf plnts. Photosynthti. 35: Lihtnthlr HK Chlorophyll n rotnois: pigmnts of photosynthti Biommrns. Mtho Enzym. 48.: Piotr Grzyn K. 25. Antioxint fn in lvs of C3- C4 plnt unr slinity strss. Physiology Plntrum, 25: 3-4. Rorts EJ, Mrtin LF Progrss in trmining orgni non-sugrs of sugrn jui tht fft sugr rfining, In: Proings of th 6th thnil sssion on on hr (. Ditz, V.R.) Bon Chr Rsrh Projt, In. Ros - Ir MDL, Miti RK Biohmil mhnism in glossy sorghum lin for rsistn to slinity strss. Journl of Plnt Physiology, 46: Sirm R K, Dshmukh P S, Sxn D C Rol of ntioxint systms in wht gnotyp tolrn to wtr strsss. Biologi plnt 4(3): Tri I, Csiszr J, Szli G, Horvth F, Psvri A, Kiss G, Szpsi A, Szo M, Eri L. 22. Alimtion of tomto plnts to slinity strss ftr sliyli i pr-trtmnt. At Biologi Szginsis Tovr P, Estr R, Shil-Rntshlr L, Dos JH Introution n us of in vitro potto tur Cirulr 3:-5. Woolf J Potto in th it. CIP puli Yonghoo K, Arihr J, Nkym T, Nkym N, Shim S. 24. Antioxitiv rspons n thir rltion to slt tolrn in Ehinohlo oryziol L. Buv. Plnt Growth Rgul., 44: