Reaction of certain malvaceae cultivars to meloidogyne incognita infection under greenhouse conditions

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1 AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGY JOURNAL OF NORTH AMERICA ISSN Print: , ISSN Onlin: , oi: /jn , SinHuβ, Rtion o rtin mlv ultivrs to mloiogyn inognit intion unr grnhous onitions G, S. B.; A. G. ElShri n A. R. Ri Nmtology Rs. Unit, Agri. Zool. Dpt, F. o Agri., Mnsour Univ. Dk. Egypt. Corrsponing uthor : ELShri, A. G. Emil : lshrimohmm@yhoo.om ABSTRACT A grnhous xprimnt ws onut to stuy th rtion o nin mlv ultivrs i.. otton vs. Giz 86, 70, 90 n 89; okr, vs Hypr Doki 1& 2 n Ismily; n rosll, vs. Hry n Shi 17 to Mloiogyn inognit intion through rtin plnt growth prmtrs n nmto ritri. Rsults init tht ll tst plnt growth prmtrs wr oviously ru y M. inognit intion t vrious grs. O th tst Mlv, plnt growth prmtrs suh s totl plnt rsh wights show th highst rution prntg vlus ppoint n 34.32% y otton vs. Giz 90& Giz 86 ; 32.41% or okr v. Hypr Dokki 1 n 31.54% y rosll v, Shi17, rsptivly. Mnwhil, thir lst vlus o th sm ritrion ssign n 19.81% or otton vs, Giz 89 & Giz 70 n 21.81% or okr v. Ismily, rsptivly. Du to th rltionship twn rution prntg o plnt growth n rproution tor (RF), Okr v. Ismily n rosll v. Hry wr lssii s mortly rsistnt n intolrnt hosts, rsptivly, whrs otton vs. Giz 90 & 86 ; Okr v. Hypr Dokki 1 n rosll v. Shi 17 wr rt s highly susptil hosts. Mnwhil, otton v. Giz 89 & 70 n Okr v. Hypr Dokki 2 wr sor s susptil hosts to M. inognit intion, sin thir prntg rution in totl plnt rsh wights wr mount to 18.70% & 19.81% n 24.44% n ssoit with R tor vlus o 1.6, 1.8, n 1.3 (R 1), rsptivly. Kywors: Mloiogyn inognit, mlv ultivrs, otton, okr n rosll. INTRODUCTION Plnts rlt to th mily mlv r wily vri, n inlus suh importnt rops i.. otton, okr, n rosll, whih minly us s sours o ir, oo n vrgs, miins, timr, n in hortiultur (grning). Cotton, Gossypium rns is th worl ling ir rop n it is th son most importnt oils rops. It is known s th "Whit Gol" n onomilly importnt rop. Okr, Almoshus sulntus L. is on o th most importnt vgtls grown throughout tropis n sutropis. Th rosll, Hiisus sri L. is spis o Hiisus ntiv to th Ol Worl tropis, us or th proution o st ir n s n inusion. Rosll is miinl plnt in th mlv mily tht origint in Egypt. Hiisus is onsir to tropil plnt tht grows nnully. All th prts o Hiisus Sri L. r us or miinl purposs, spilly in ltrntiv miin. Plnt prsiti nmtos, i. Mloiogyn spp. us signiint mg n losss to most griulturl rops in th tropil n sutropil (Lu t. l., 2005). O th rootknot nmtos, M. inognit (Kooi& Whit) hitwoo is onsir to th most populr spis whih t mjor il n vgtl rops n us grt onomi mgs. Th suitility o host or plntprsiti nmto is xprss s th ility o th nmto to multiply on th plnt. Host suitility my xprss ojtivly s th rtio o th numr o nmto units rovr t th n o th tst, th inl nmto popultion nsity (P), to th numr o nmto units us to inoult th plnt, th initil popultion nsity (Pi) (Lwis, 1987). It is wll known tht plnts rt irntly to vrious nmtos. Morovr, this work ws rri out to tst rtin ultivrs o mlv plnts i.. otton, okr n rosll suitility to root knot nmtos Mloiogyn inognit intion unr grnhous onitions (29±4 ºC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sour o Nmtos: Son stg juvnils (J2) o Mloiogyn inognit (Kooi & Whit) Chitwoo wr otin rom pur ultur o M. inognit tht ws initit y singl ggmss n

2 Agri. Biol. J. N. Am., 2013, 4(3): propgt on olus plnts, Colus lumi in th grnhous o Nmtology Rsrh Unit, Agriulturl Zoology Dprtmnt, Fulty o Agriultur, Mnsour Univrsity, Egypt, whr this work ws rriout. Host suitility o rtin Mlv ultivrs to th root knot nmto Mloiogyn inognit unr grnhous onitions t 29±4 ºC: A grnhous xprimnt ws onut in orr to vlut nin Mlv ultivrs nmly: otton, Gossypium rns (our ultivrs i.. Giz 70, Giz 86, Giz 89 n Giz 90), okr, Almoshus sulntus (thr ultivrs i.. Hypr Dokki 1, Hypr Dokki 2 n Ismily) n rosll, Hiisus sri (two ultivrs i.. Hry n Shi 17) or thir susptiility to th root knot nmto, M. inognit intion. Svnty two plsti pots 10m ill with 900 g stm striliz sny lom soil (1:1) (v:v) wr us in this xprimnt. Ss o h ultivr wr sown n thinn t th rt o on plnt pr h plsti pot. Atr 15 ys, ight pots wr us or h plnt ultivr, whr our o thm wr inoult with 1700 (J2) o M. inognit tr 15 ys rom grmintion, whil th othr our pots wr lt r o nmto inoulum to srv s ontrol. Th inoul wr introu to plnts y pippting th inoulum suspnsion in thr hols m roun th slings ovr with sn n irrigt gntly with tp wtr. All pots wr rrng t rnomiz omplt lok sign on nh o grnhous t 29±4 ºC. Plnts wr wtr n rgulrly riving onvntionl pstiis ginst mits n insts s n n hortiulturlly trt th sm. Plnts wr hrvst tr 45 ys rom nmto inoultion, n plnt growth ritri i.. shoot n root lngths n rsh wights, s wll s shoot ry wight wr trmin n ror. Numr o M. inognit J 2 in 250 g. soil/pot wr xtrt y siving n moii Brmnn thniqu (Gooy, 1957), thn lult or h pot, ount y Hwksly ounting sli unr x 10 mgniition n ror. Int roots o h plnt wr wsh with tp wtr, ix in 4% ormlin or 24 hrs n stin in 0.01 lti iuhsin (Byr t l., 1983) n thn xmin or th numr o glls, vlopmntl stgs, mls n ggmsss. Host tgory s on th rltionship twn host growth rspons (% rution in totl plnt rsh wight) n rproution tor (RF) s ollows: 010% rution in plnt growth; RF=0 Immun (I), RF<1 Rsistnt (R), RF>1 Tolrnt (T); 1130% rution in plnt growth; RF<1 Mortly Rsistnt (MR), RF>1 Susptil (S); n 30% < rution in plnt growth; RF<1 Intolrnt (IT), RF>1 Highly Susptil (HS). Dt wr sujt to nlysis o vrin (ANOVA) (Gomz n Gomz, 1984) ollow y Dunn's multipl rng tst to ompr mns (Dunn, 1955). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Dt in Tl (1) n Fig.(1) rprsnt th host suitility o nin Mlv ultivrs i.. otton, G. rns (4 ultivrs i.. Giz 89, Giz 70, Giz 90 n Giz 86), okr, A. sulntus (thr ultivrs i.. Hypr Dokki 1, Hypr Dokki 2 n Ismily) n rosll, H. sri (two ultivrs i.. Hry n Shi 17) s t y M. inognit intion unr grnhous onitions. Rsults rvl tht plnt growth o ll tst Mlv ultivrs wr t y nmto intion t vrious grs. Among tst otton ultivrs, v. Giz 90 omplish th highst rution vlus in totl rsh wight (36.19%), plnt lngth (32.71%) n shoot ry wight (39.72%), ollow y v, Giz 86 with vlus o 34.32, n 37.63% or th sm plnt growth prmtrs, rsptivly, whrs thir lst vlus wr ror y otton vs. Giz 89& Giz 70 whih wr mount to 18.70, n 34.05% ; n 19.81, n 35.38%, rsptivly. With rspt to okr ultivrs, Hypr Dokki 1 gv th highst rution prntg or th sm plnt prmtrs with vlus o 32.41, n 43.57, whrs thir lst vlus ror y okr v. Ismily tht wr mount to 21.81, 8.56 n 21.76% or totl plnt rsh wight, totl plnt lngth n shoot ry wight, rsptivly. Mnwhil, mong two tst rosll ultivrs, Shi 17 show th highst rution prntg or th sm plnt growth ritri with vlus o 31.54, n 38.74% whrs, thir lst vlus wr ror y rosll v. Hry with vlus o 31.30, 5.58 n 27.81% or totl plnt rsh wight, totl plnt lngth n shoot ry wight, rsptivly.(tl 1 & Fig. 1). 310

3 Rosll Okr Cotton Plnt spis Agri. Biol. J. N. Am., 2013, 4(3): Tl (1): Plnt growth rspons o thr Mlv plnt ultivrs to M. inognit intion unr grnhous onitions (29±4 ºC). Trtmnts Plnt growth rspons Cultivr Giz 70 Giz 70 + N Giz 86 Giz 86 + N Giz 89 Giz 89 + N Giz 90 Giz 90 + N Ismily Ismily +N Hypr Dokki 1 Hypr Dokki 1+ N Hypr Dokki 2 Hypr Dokki 2+ N Hry Hry + N Shi 17 Shi 17 +N Lngth (m) * R. % Frsh wight (g) Shoot Root Totl lngth Shoot Root g Shoot ry wight (g) N=1700 J2 o M. inognit Eh vlu is mn o our rplits. Mns in h olumn ollow y th sm lttr(s) i not ir t p 0.05 oring to Dunn's multiplrng tst. * Rution % = Control (without N) N 100 Control g Frsh wight o whol plnt * R. % * R. %

4 Agri. Biol. J. N. Am., 2013, 4(3): R % whol plnt rsh wight R % shoot ry wight Cotton, Giz 86 Cotton, Giz 70 Okr, Ismily Cotton, Giz 90 Cotton, Giz 89 Okr, Hypr Doki 2 Okr, Hypr Doki 1 Rosll,Shi 17 Rosll,Hry Fig.(1): Rution prntg o whol plnt n shoot ry wights o thr Mlv plnt ultivrs to M. inognit intion unr grnhous onitions (29±4 ºC). Th srning o Mlv plnt ultivrs rvl tht non o th tst ultivrs wr immun to rootknot nmto, M. inognit, though th inin vri rom ultivr to nothr. Evlut Mlv plnt ultivrs ir grtly in thir ilitis to support M. inognit popultions (Tl 2 & Fig 2). O th srn nin plnt ultivrs, okr v. Hypr Dokki 1 xhiit th highst rt o nmto rproution (RF=3.1) ollow y otton v. Giz 86 (2.5), Giz 90 (2.0) n rosll v. shi 17 n okr v. Hypr Dokki 2 (1.3) h, rsptivly. Morovr, numr o glls n ggmsss rovr rom roots ir mong tst plnt spis. Likwis, th grtst numr o glls wr ror on okr v. Hypr Dokki 1, otton v. Giz 86 n rosll v. Shi 17, with root gll inis (RGI) 4.6, 4.5 n 2.2, rsptivly. Similr trn ws noti with numr o ggmsss or th sm ultivr spis with ggmsss inx (EI) 4.4, 4.4 n 2.1, rsptivly. Host tgory t th tst Mlv plnts ws trmin s on th rltionship twn host plnt growth rspons (% rution o totl plnt rsh wight) n nmto rproution tor (RF), (Tl 3 ): Cotton vs. Giz86, Giz 90, okr v. Hypr Dokki 1 n rosll v Shi 17 wr rt s highly susptil hosts (HS) sin plnt growth ws highly t with rproution tor >1. Cotton vs. Giz 89, Giz 70 n okr v. Hypr Dokki 2 wr rt s susptil hosts (S) sin plnt growth ws mortly t with rproution tor >1. Rosll v. Hry ws rt s intolrnt host (IT) sin plnt growth ws highly t with rproution tor <1. Finlly, okr v. Ismily ws rt s mortly rsistnt host (MR) sin plnt growth mortly t n rproution tor (RF) < 1. Morovr, rgrssion nlysis twn nmto rproution tor n nin Mlv ultivrs gv R 2 vlu o (Fig. 2). 312

5 Rproutin tor (RF) Ros ll Okr Cotton Plnt spi s * Rproution tor (RF) No. o glls No. o ggmsss Agri. Biol. J. N. Am., 2013, 4(3): Tl (3): Host suitility o nin Mlv ultivrs within thr plnt spis to M. inognit intion unr grnhous onitions (29±4 ºC). Trtmnts Cultivr Soil/pot *Nmto popultion in Dvlop. stgs Root Fmls Giz Giz Giz Giz Ismily Hypr Dokki Hypr Dokki Totl (P) ** RGI *** EI Hry Shi N=1700 J2 o M. inognit (Pi) Eh vlu is mn o our rplits. ** Root gll inx (RGI) or ggmss inx (EI): 0= no glling or ggmsss, 1=12 glls or ggmsss ; 2=310 glls or ggmsss ; 3= 1130 glls or ggmsss ; 4= glls or ggmsss n 5= mor thn 100 glls or ggmsss..( Tlyor n Sssr,1978). Mns in h olumn ollow y th sm lttr(s) signiintly r not irnt (P 0.05 ) y Dunn's multipl rng tst. * Rproution Ftor = Finl popultion (P) Initil popultion (Pi) Rproutin tor R 2 = Cotton, Giz 89 Cotton, Giz 86 Cotton, Giz 70 Okr, Ismily Cotton, Giz 90 Rosll,Hry Okr, Hypr Doki 2 Okr, Hypr Doki 1 Rosll,Shi 17 Mlv ultivrs Fig. (2): Rproution tor o M. inognit inting nin Mlv ultivrs within thr plnt spis unr grnhous onitions (29±4 ºC). 313

6 Rosll Okr Cotton Plnt spis Rproutio n Ftor (RF) *Host tgory 1 **Host tgory 2 Agri. Biol. J. N. Am., 2013, 4(3): Tl (3): Rltiv susptiility o nin Mlv ultivrs within thr plnt spis to M. inognit intion. Cultivr Frsh wight R. RGI % Giz S S Giz HS S Giz S S Giz HS S Ismily MR S Hypr Dokki HS S Hypr Dokki S S Hry IT R Shi HS S *Host tgory (1) s on th rltionship twn host rspons n R tor s ollows: 010% rution in plnt growth; RF=0 Immun (I) RF<1 Rsistnt (R) RF>1 Tolrnt (T). 1130% rution in plnt growth; RF<1 mortly Rsistnt (MR) RF> 1 Susptil (S). 30 %< rution in plnt growth; RF < 1 Intolrnt (IT) RF>1 Highly Susptil (HS). **Host tgory (2)s on root gll inx (RGI) oring to CntoSz n Broi (1987) s ollows: (RGI 2 & RF 1) rsistnt (R), (RGI 2 & RF > 1) tolrnt (T) n (RGI 2 & RF 1) susptil (S). Apprntly, onrning th prsnt rsults on host suitilitis o rtin Mlv plnt ultivrs i.. otton vs. Giz 89, Giz 70, Giz 90 n Giz 86; okr, vs. Hypr Dokki 1, Hypr Dokki 2 n Ismily; n rosll, vs. Hry n Shi 17 to M. inognit intion unr grnhous onitions, tht s on th rltionship twn host plnt rspons in trms o rution prntg in plnt growth s initor o plnt mg n rproution tor (RF) s initor o nmto uilup or host iiny init tht non o th tst Mlv plnt ultivrs wr immun to M. inognit intion, whil okr v. Ismily n rosll v. Hry wr lssii s mortly rsistnt n intolrnt host, rsptivly, whrs otton vs. Giz 90 n Giz 86 s wll s okr v. Hypr Dokki 1 n rosll v. Shi 17 wr rt s highly susptil hosts. Morovr, otton v. Giz 89 n Giz 70; n okr v. Hypr Dokki 2 wr onsir s susptil hosts s wll, rsptivly. Howvr, whn th rltionship twn root gll inx s initor o plnt mg n rt o nmto inrs (R tor) s initor o nmto rproution or host iiny wr us (CntoSnz n Broi 1987), irnt host tgoris in this work ws tt, sin ll tst otton vs. Giz 89, Giz 70, Giz 90 n Giz 86; n okr vs. Ismily, Hypr Dokki 1& Hypr Dokki 2 wr rt s susptil hosts, whrs rosll v. Hry ws lssii s rsistnt host, whil rosll v. Shi 17 ws rnk s susptil host to M. inognit intion. Morovr, rsults o th prsnt inings isgr with thos rport y ElShri t l.(2007) who stt tht otton v. 89 ws sor 314

7 Agri. Biol. J. N. Am., 2013, 4(3): s rsistnt n gr with thir rsults in rspt to otton v. Giz 86 s susptil host to M. inognit intion, sin thir root gll inis wr 2&4 with R tor vlus o 0.4 n 1.11, rsptivly. Mnwhil, okr v. Ismily ws lssii s mortly rsistnt host to M. inognit, so hrin it oul rommn to th growrs or ommril okr ultivtion, whil othr ultivrs suh s otton vs. Giz 89, Giz 70, Giz 90, Giz 89, okr vs. Hypr Dokki 1 & Hypr Dokki 2, n rosll vs. Hry n Shi 17 tht wr mg n onsir s susptil hosts or M. inognit intion, shoul limint rom il proution. Furthrmor, th usulnss o ths ultivrs in rop rottion shms in ontmint soil with Mloiogyn spp. is vry limit us non o th tst ultivrs show high gr o rsistn to suh nmto intion REFERENCES Byr, D.W.; T. Kirkptrik n K. Brkr (1983). An improv thniqu or lring n stining plnt tissus or ttion nmtos. J. Nmtol., 15 (3): Cnto Snz, M. n B. B. Broi (1987). Comprison o omptil n inomptil rspons o potto to Mloiogyn inognit. J. Nmtol. 19(2): Dunn, D.B. (1955). Multipl rng n multipl, Ftst. Biomtris, 11: 142. Elshri, A. G., A. R. Ri n A. E. M. Khlil(2007). Sttus o plnt prsiti nmtos ssoit with otton il in North Estrn Nil Dlt Rgion, Egypt with spil rrn to host suitility to Mloiogyn inognit intion. J. Agri. Mnsour Univ., 32(10).: Gomz, K. A. n A.A. Gomz (1984). Sttistil prours or Agriulturl Rsrh. 2n E., John Wily &Sons: In., Nw York. Gooy, J.B. (1957). Lortory mthos or work with plnt n soil nmtos. Th. Bull. No. 2. Min. Agri. Fish E. Lonon, pp 47. Lwis, S. A. (1987). Nmtoplnt omptiility in Vh, A. & Dikson, D. W. (Es). Vists on Nmtology. Hyttsvill, MD. USA, Soity o Nmtologists, pp Lu, M., R. A. Sikor, n J.Brig (2005). Plnt Prsiti Nmtos in sutropil n tropil Agriultur. 2 n n. CAB intrntionl, Wllingor, Uk. Tylor, A. L. n Sssr, J. N. (1978).Biology intiition n ontrol o rootknot nmto(mloiogyn spp.) Rligh:North Crolin stt Univrsity Grphis. 315

Present state Next state Q + M N

Present state Next state Q + M N Qustion 1. An M-N lip-lop works s ollows: I MN=00, th nxt stt o th lip lop is 0. I MN=01, th nxt stt o th lip-lop is th sm s th prsnt stt I MN=10, th nxt stt o th lip-lop is th omplmnt o th prsnt stt I