Response of Sesame (Sesamum indicum) Cultivars to Hydropriming of Seeds

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J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Si., 1(12)638-642, 2011 2011, TxtRo Pulition ISSN: 2090-4215 Journl o Appli Environmntl n Biologil Sins www.txtro.

1 J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Si., 1(12) , , TxtRo Pulition ISSN: Journl o Appli Environmntl n Biologil Sins Rspons o Ssm (Ssmum inium) Cultivrs to Hyropriming o Ss Ahm Ghnri 1, H. C. L 2 1 Univrsity o Zol, Fulty o Agriultur, Dprtmnt o Agronomy n Plnt Bring, Zol, Irn 2 Impril Collg t Wy, Wy, Ashor, Knt TN25 5 AH, UK. ABSTRACT Lortory tsts n il xprimnt wr rri out to vlut th ts o hyro priming (P 2, P 3 n P 4 : hyropriming o 8, 12 n 16 hours, rsptivly) on s invigortion n il prormn o thr ssm ultivrs (TS 3, TN 238 n Yllow whit). Th il xprimnt ws rrng s toril s on RCB sign in thr rplits. Hyropriming inrs grmintion prntg, grmintion rt n sling siz, ompr with non-prim ss. Improving sling stlishmnt o ssm ultivrs y priming rsult in inrsing thir grin yil. Howvr, th grin yil o ssm ultivrs wr irntilly t y s priming whr grin yil o TS 3 ultivr ws improv mor ompr to othr ssm ultivrs. Th highst yil inrs ws otin with 16 h hyropriming. Thus, it is onivl to suggst tht this priming urtion is th st trtmnt or invigortion o ssm ss. KEY WORDS: grin yil, hyropriming, s grmintion, sling mrgn, ssm. INTRODUCTION Ssm (Ssmum inium L.) whih is usully plnt in ri n smi-ri rgions i n nnul oils rop ultivt or nturis, prtiulrly in th vloping ountris o Asi n Ari, or its high ontnt o oth xllnt qulity il oil (42-54%) n protin (22-25%) (Dsphn t l., 1996). Rpi n uniorm il mrgn is n ssntil prrquisit to rh th yil potntil, qulity n ultimtly proit in nnul rops (Prr n Cntli, 1994). Out o mny onstrints rgring low proution o oilss, s qulity is th prim importn. Oilss r triort mor rpily uring storg, whih rus th qulity o ss (Azl t l., 2004). S priming is pr-sowing strtgy or improving sling stlishmnt y moulting prgrmintion mtoli tivity prior to mrgn o th ril n gnrlly nhns grmintion rt n plnt prormn (Bror, 1986; Tylor n Hrmn,1990). Primingllows s hyrtion to initit th rly vnts o grmintion, ut not prmit ril mrgn, ollow y rying to initil moistur (MDonl, 2000; Ashr n Fool, 2005). Thr r rports tht s priming prmits rly DNA rplition, inrs RNA n protin synthsis, nhns mryo growth, rpirs triort s prts n rus lkg o mtolits (MDonl, 2000). S priming is sn s vil thnology to nhn rpi n uniorm mrgn, high vigor n ttr yils in som il rops (Chiu t l., 2002; Murungu t l., 2004). Mthos o s priming inlu osmo-priming, slt-priming, hyropriming, mtrixpriming n thrmo-priming (Khn, 1992; MDonl, 2000). Hyropriming is vry simpl, prsowing trtmnt in whih ss r sok in wtr or rtin tim n ri or sowing (Thornton n Powll, 1992). Similr to othr priming thniqus, hyropriming gnrlly nhns s grmintion n sling mrgn, lthough thr r xptions. It is rport tht whn ss o miz n hikp r prim with wtr (hyropriming) th growing stgs o plnt (sling vlopmnt, lowring n mturity) r str pss us o improv rly stlishmnt whih inlly inrs grin yil o rop (Hrris t l 1999). Hyropriming is low-ost pr-sowing s trtmnt whih hs prov highly populr with rmrs (Hrris t l., 2001). Its vlu hs lry n shown or mny rops, or xmpl wht (Hrris t l., 2001; Rjpr t l., 2006); hikp (Mus t l., 2001 ;), miz (Ashr n Ru, 2001), mungn (Rshi t l., 2004), sunlowr (Ky t l., 2006) n Brly (Aulrhmni t l., 2007). Sin th niil ts o hyropriming on il prormn o ssm r not wll oumnt, this rsrh ws rri out to invstigt th ts o hyropriming on s invigortion, sling mrgn n grin yil o ssm ultivrs. *Corrsponing Author: Ahm Ghnri Univrsity o Zol, Fulty o Agriultur, Dprtmnt o Agronomy n Plnt Bring, Zol, Irn. Emil: ghnri@uoz..ir

2 J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Si., 1(12) , 2011 MATERIALS AND METHODS Ss o thr ssm ultivrs inluing TS 3, TN 238 n Yllow Whit wr otin rom Si Agriulturl Rsrh Cntr o Dzul, Irn. Ths ss wr ivi into our su smpls. A su smpl ws kpt s ontrol (unprim) n th thr othr su smpls wr prpr or priming trtmnts. Ss o su smpl wr sok in wtr or 8 (P 1 ), 12 (P 2 ) n 16 (P 3 ) hours. Priming trtmnts wr prorm in n inutor just on 20±1 C unr rk onitions. Atr priming, ss wr ri k to primry moistur t room tmprtur o C. All th ss wr trt with Mnkoz t rt o 2 g kg-1 or tsting. Lortory tsts wr rri out s toril with CR sign t S Thnology Lortory o th Ahwz Pym-Noor Univrsity, Irn. Four rplits o 25 ss wr pl twn moist iltr pprs n grmint in n inutor t 10 C or 10 ys. Grmintion (protrusion o ril y 2 mm) ws ror in ily intrvls. Mn grmintion tim or h trtmnt ws lult oring to Ellis n Rorts (1980). Th il xprimnt ws onut in rm lot t th north o Rmhormoz (46º36 N, 31º16 E, ltitu 150 m ov s lvl), Irn. Th ss wr sown t high nsity to nsur qut mrgn. Atr sling stlishmnt, suplots wr thinn to 40 plnts/m 2. Eh plot onsist o 8 rows with 2 m lngth, sp 50 m prt. Th xprimnt ws rrng s toril s on RCB sign with thr rplitions. All plots wr irrigt immitly tr sowing. Ws wr ontroll y hn wing uring rop growth n vlopmnt. Th numr o mrg slings in n r o 1 m 2 within h plot ws ount in ily intrvls until sling stlishmnt stiliz. Mtho o Ellis n Rorts (1980) ws ppli to lult mn mrgn tim. At mturity, 20 plnts in th mil prt o h plot wr hrvst n th numr o psul pr plnt, grin pr plnt, 1000 grin wight n grin yil pr unit r wr ror. Anlysis o vrin o th t pproprit to th xprimntl sign n omprison o mns t p 0.05 wr on using MSATAC sotwr. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS Ets o hyropriming priming on grmintion prntg, grmintion rt n sling ry wight ws signiint (P 0.05). Th ss prim with P 3 grmint rlir thn thos prim with P 2 n P 1 n non-prim, n it ws sttistilly signiint. Hyro prim ss o P 1 (hyropriming urtion o 8 hours) lso prou lrgr slings, ompr with nonprim ss (Tl 1), ut its sling ry wight ws signiintly lowr thn tht o P 2 n P 3. Grmintion prntg, grmintion tim n sling ry wights o ssm wr signiintly t y ultivr (P 0.01). Th highst grmintion prntg ws otin or TS 3 whih ws not signiintly irnt rom TN 238. Grmintion prntg o Yllow whit ws signiintly lowr thn tht o TS 3 n TN 238. Ss o TS 3 n TN 238 grmint str thn thos o Yllow whit. Mn grmintion tim o TS 3 n TN 238 ultivrs ws sttistilly similr. Th highst n th lowst sling ry wight wr ror or TS 3 n Yllow whit, rsptivly (Tl1). Priming ultivr intrtion ws only signiint or sling ry wight (P 0.01). Sling wight o ll ultivrs improv s rsult o slt priming (Figur 1). Tl 1: Et o hyropriming n ultivr on grmintion prntg, grmintion tim n sling ry wight o ssm ultivrs. Trtmnts Grmintion (%) Grmintion rt (y) Sling ry wight (mg) Cultivr TS TN Yllow whit Priming Non-prim P P P LSD t P 0.05 or ultivr LSD t P 0.05 or priming Dirnt lttrs initing signiint irn t P P 1, P 2 n P 3: Hyropriming urtion o 8, 12 n 16 hours, rsptivly.

3 Ghnri n L, 2011 Sling ry wight (mg Figur 1: Mn sling ry wight o ssm ultivrs t y hyropriming in th lortory. Dirnt lttrs initing signiint irn t P P 2, P 3 n P 4: hyropriming urtion o 8, 12 n 16 hours. P 1: non-prim Anlysis o vrin o th il t show tht sling mrgn prntg ws signiintly t y ultivr n hyropriming (P 0.05). Th t o hyropriming on mrgn tim ws lso signiint (P 0.05), ut ultivr h no signiint t on this trit (P 0.05). Cultivr n hyropriming signiintly inlun th numr grins pr plnt. Th ts o ultivr n hyropriming on 1000 grin wight wr not signiint (Tl 2). In ontrst, grin yil ws signiintly t y priming trtmnt. Th intrtion o hyropriming ultivr ws only signiint or grins pr plnt. Howvr, th othr intrtions o th trtmnts wr not signiint or ny trits (Tl 2). Mn mrgn prntg or TS 3 ws signiintly highr thn tht or TN 238 n Yllow whit, ut irns in mn mrgn tim mong ultivrs wr not sttistilly signiint. Th highst mrgn prntg n th mrgn tim wr hiv y hyropriming with 16 hours urtion (P 3 ). Slings rom nonprim ss mrg ltr n wr lss thn thos rom slt-prim ss (Tl 2). TS 3 prou th highst numr grins pr plnt, ut thr ws no signiint irn mong ultivrs or 1000-grin wight. Mn numr grins pr plnt n grin yil pr unit r inrs u to hyropriming. Enhnmnt in numr o grins pr plnt, u to hyropriming, ws osrv or ll ultivrs (Figur 2). Th highst improvmnt in grin yil pr unit r ws hiv y TS 3 (23%). Tl 3: Mns o il trits or ssm t y hyropriming n ultivr. trtmnt Sling mrgn (%) P1 P2 P3 P4 Hyropriming urtion (hour) Emrgn rt (y) Grin pr plnt 1000-grin wight (g) Grin yil (kg. h -1 ) Cultivr TS TN Yllow whit Priming Non-prim P P P LSD t P 0.05 or ultivr LSD t P 0.05 or priming Dirnt lttrs initing signiint irn t P P 1, P 2 n P 3: Hyropriming urtion o 8, 12 n 16 hours, rsptivly. TS3 TN238 Yllow whit

4 J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Si., 1(12) , 2011 Grin pr pln TS3 TN238 Yllow whit P1 P2 P3 P4 Hyropriming urtion (hour) Figur 2: Mn grins pr plnt o ssm ultivrs t y hyropriming. Dirnt lttrs initing signiint irn t P Hyro-priming improv s grmintion n sling vigor o ssm ultivrs s init y rpi grmintion n high sling ry wight in th lortory (Tl 1). Aoring to MDonl (2000), prim ss n rpily imi n rviv th s mtolism, nhning grmintion rt n uniormity. Enhnmnt in sling siz u to hyropriming ws mor vint in TS 3 n TN 238, ompr with Yllow whit (Figur 1). This inits tht ssm ultivrs rspon irntly to hyropriming. Rpi grmintion o hyro prim ss l to rly n nhn mrgn o ssm slings in th il. Th highst nit o priming ws osrv or ss prim with P 4 (16 hours) (Tl 2). Thror, hyro priming n nsur stistory stn stlishmnt o ssm ultivrs in th il. Kiit n Hrkr, (1991) rport s hyrtion o wht, rly n ot ss improv th uniormity o sling mrgn. Vritions in grin yil mong ssm ultivrs (Tl 2) r losly ssoit with irns in sling mrgn prntg s lots (Tl 1). TS 3 ultivr h mor stn stlishmnt, thus, it h highr potntil or proution o mor grin pr plnt. In othr wor, th ts o hyropriming on inrsing sling stlishmnt n proution grins pr plnt l to onsirl improvmnt in grin yil pr unit r (Tl 2). Th niil ts o hyropriming on yil wr rport (Khlon t l., 1992; Hussin t l., 2006 n Frooq t l., 2006). In urrnt stuy, suprioritis o hyroprim ss in stimultion o sling mrgn n stlishmnt ontinu to improv grin yil. Ths rsults r in lin with th inings o Kthirsn n Gnnrthinm (1985) in sunlowr. This mns tht uring priming, ss woul simultnously sujt to prosss o rpir n triortion n or twn th two trmin th suss or ilur o th trtmnt (MDonl, 2000). CONCLUSION Hyropriming gnrlly inrs grin yil o ssm ultivrs y improving s grmintion rt, sling mrgn rt n prntg, n grins pr plnt. Th highst yil inrs ws otin with 16 h hyropriming. Thus, it is onivl to suggst tht this priming urtion is th st trtmnt or invigortion o ssm ss. Th highst nit o hyropriming n otin rom TS 3 ultivr. REFERENCES Aulrhmni, B., K. Ghssmi-Golzni, M. Vlizh n V. Fizi-Asl, S priming n sling stlishmnt o rly (Horum vulgr L.). J. Foo. Agri. Environ., 5: Azl, I., N. Aslm, F. Mhmoo, A. Hm, S. Irn n G. Ahm, Enhnmnt o grmintion n mrgn o nol ss y irnt priming thniqus. Crno Psquis Sr. Bio. Snt Cruz o Sul., 16:

5 Ghnri n L, 2011 Ashr, M n M.R. Fool, Pr-sowing s trtmnt- shotgun pproh to improv grmintion, plnt growth n rop yil unr slin n non-slin onitions. Av. Agron., 88: Ashr, M n H. Ru, Inuing slt tolrn in miz (Z mys L.) through s priming with hlori slts, growth n ion trnsport t rly growth stgs. At Physiol. Plnt., 23: Bror, K.J, Mnipultion o s wtr rltions vi osmoti priming to improv grmintion unr strss onitions. Hurt Si., 21: Chiu, K.Y, C.L. Chn n J.M. Sung, Et o priming tmprtur on storility o prim sh-2 swt orn s. Crop Si., 42: Dsphn, S.S, U.S. Dkhns n D.K. Slunkh, Ssm oil. In Hui, Y.H. (.). Bily s Inustril Oil n Ft Prouts. Intrsin Pulishrs, Nw York, pp Ellis, R.H n E.H. Rorts, Towrs rtionl sis or tsting s qulity, Hlthwit, P. D. (E.), S Proution, Buttrworths, Lonon, Frooq, M., S.M.A. Bsr n Rhmn, S priming nhns mrgn, yil n qulity o irt-s ri. Crop. Mng. Physiol., 3: Hrris, D., A. Joshi, P.K. Khn, P. Gothkr n P.S. Sohi, On-rm s priming in smi-ri griultur vlopmnt n vlution in miz, ri n hikp in Ini using prtiiptory mthos. Exp Agri., 35: Hrris, D., B.S. Rghuwnshi, J.S. Gngwr, S.C. Singh, K.D. Joshi, A. Rshi n P.A. Hollington, Prtiiptory vlution y rmrs o on-rm s priming in wht in Ini. Npl n Pkistn. Exp Agri., 37: Hussin M., M. Frooq, S.M.A. Bsr n N. Ahm, Inlun o s priming thniqus on th sling stlishmnt, yil n qulity o hyri sunlowr. Int. Agri. Biol., 8: Khlon, P.S., H.S. Dhliwl, S.K. Shrm n A.S. Rnw,1992. Et o pr-sowing s soking on yil o wht unr lt sown irrigt onitions. Inin. J. Agri. Si., 62: Kthirsn K n J.L. Gnnrthinm,1985. Et o irnt urtions o rying on grmintion o pr-sok sunlowr ss. S Si. Thnol., 13: Ky, M.D., G. Oku, M. Atk, Y. Ikılı n O. Kolsrıı, S trtmnts to ovrom slt n rought strss uring grmintion in sunlowr (Hlinthus nnuus L.). Europ J Agr., 24: Khn, A.A, Pr-plnt physiologil s onitioning. Hort Rv.,13: KiitS n K.N. Hrkr, Ets o s hyrtion on gronomi prormns o wht, rly n ots in ntrl Alrt. Cn. J. Plnt Si., 71: MDonl, M.B, S priming, Blk, M., J. D. Bwly, (Es.), S Thnology n Its Biologil Bsis, Shil Ami Prss, Shil, UK, pp: Murungu, F.S., C. Chiuz, P. Nymugt, L.J. Clrk, W.R. Whlly n Finh- Svg,2004. Ets o on-rm s priming on onsutiv ily sowing osions on th mrgn n growth o miz in smi-ri Zimw. Fil Crops Rs., 89: Mus, A.M., D. Hrris, C.Johnsn n J.Kumr, Short urtion hikp to rpl llow tr mn ri: th rol o on-rm s priming in th High Brin Trt o Bnglsh. Exp Agri.,37: Prr, C.A n D.J. Cntli, Pr-sowing s priming. Hort Ru., 16: Rjpr, I., Y.M. Khni n A.A. Mmon, Et o s priming on growth n yil o wht (Tritium stivum L.) unr non-slin onitions. Intr J Agri Rs., 1: Rshi, A., D. Hrris, P.A. Hollington n M. Riq, Improving th yil o mungn (Vign rit) in th North Wst Frontir Provin o Pkistn using on-rm s priming. Exp Agri., 40: Tylor, A.G n G.E. Hrmn,1990. Conpts n thnologis o slt s trtmnts. Ann. Rv. Phytopthol., 28: Thornton, J.M n A.A. Powll,1992. Short-trm rt hyrtion or th improvmnt o s qulity in Brssi olr. S Si Rs., 2:

WATER STRESS AFFECTS THE GERMINATION, EMERGENCE AND GROWTH OF DIFFERENT SORGHUM CULTIVARS

WATER STRESS AFFECTS THE GERMINATION, EMERGENCE AND GROWTH OF DIFFERENT SORGHUM CULTIVARS SINET: Ethiop. J. Si., 28(2):119 128, 25 Fulty of Sin, is Univrsity, 25 ISSN: 379 2897 WTER STRESS FFECTS THE GERMINTION, EMERGENCE ND GROWTH OF DIFFERENT SORGHUM CULTIVRS Wonimu yu 1, N.F.G. Rthmn 2,