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J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Si., 1(12)602-607, 2011 2011, TxtRo Pulition ISSN: 2090-4215 Journl of Appli Environmntl n Biologil Sins www.txtro.

1 J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Si., 1(12) , , TxtRo Pulition ISSN: Journl of Appli Environmntl n Biologil Sins Efft of Chnopoium Alum Alllophti Extrt n Slyli Ai Priming Unr S Aging Conition on Grmintion n Sling Growth of Foniulum vulgr Mill Mhr. Yrni 1* 1 Assoit prof. Dprtmnt of Agronomy, Fulty of Agriultur, Triz Brnh, Islmi Az Univrsity, Triz, Irn. ABSTRACT Currntly importn of miinl plnts lost thir rn. Howvr, lowring ftors intnsity miinl rops, suh s th strss ftors will inrs. Now ys miinl plnts om mor importnt, vn though yil rsing ftors of plnts suh s strss ousing ftors will inrs. W intrfrn is th mjor prolm of rop proution. This xprimnt ws rri out in orr to vlut th intrtion of llophti ompouns of on of th mjor ws of th rgion Chnopoium lum on grmintion n sling growth of Foniulum vulgr unr onitions of ging ss to iffrnt rtions in rspons of th priming n ging lllophti ss in lortory onitions, so th fft of lllophti ompouns, priming n qulity on mg ontrol of lllophti ompouns wr vlut. This xprimnt rrng in ompltly rnomiz sign s on ftoril with thr rpllitions. trtmnts inlu ss (gining ss n hlthy ss), iffrnt typs of priming (priming sliyli i, hyropriming n ontrol) n totl w Chnopoium lum xtrt (1:15 n ontrol). Th rsults of vrin nlysis of grmintion prntg, sling lngth, sling ry wight, grmintion rt inx, R/S wr show signifint iffrn for th intrtion of gining n iffrnt onntrtions of xtrt Chnopoium lum on grmintion prntg t 1%. Th rsults show tht pplying priming y sliyli i, th grmintion rt n sling growth wr inrs 12% n 21 in ompr of th ontrol. Trt with sliyli i wr rs th grmintion rt n sling growth 32 n 43 prnt rsptivly, vn in th onition of prsn of lllophti ompons. Efft of ging on s grmintion n sling growth wr 9 prnt mor thn th fft of ompouns in ompr with llophti. Most llophti ffts wr osrv in ril lngth, whil th influn of ging ws in th lngth of slings. KEY WORDS: Foniulum vulgr, lllophti ompouns, ging, priming. INTRODUCTION Ws from whn humn rpl ntiv vgttion (nturl) with griulturl osystms wr ompni stility with rops n influn wily osystms with iffrnt mhnisms to inrs thir iologil rng [22]. W mngmnt uring growing sson hs n srious prolm for mny yrs. Worlwi, 10% loss of griulturl prouts n ttriut to omptitiv fft of ws, spit thir intnsiv ontrol. Potntil yil rutions us y unontroll w growth throughout growing sson hv n stimt to 45 to 95%, pning on rop spis, ologil n limti onitions [2]. Thrfor, w mngmnt is ky lmnt of most griulturl systms. Th pplition of hriis hs n mjor ftor nling th intnsifition of griultur in pst s. In, thr million tons of hriis pr yr r us in most griulturl systms [20]. Thr hs n inrsing hrii rsistn in ws n wispr onrn out vrs nvironmntl ffts from hrii us [20]. For this rson, th us of lllopthi vritis my provi n ltrntiv to minimiz th risk towrs groosystms y srving in omplmntry wy with hriis. W in ition to omptition, u to lllopthi tivtion hv sltiv vntg [1]. On of th most importnt worls w is Chnopoium. This w longs to th hnopoi n foun in th most rgions of th worl. Chnopoium lllopthi tivity hv provn fully [4]. Th most importnt ompouns r kolorogni i, skopolin n nzoi i [12]. Mny w spis hv n stui in vitro for thir lllopthi potntil on vrious fil rop spis suh s Chnopoium lum L. [20], Npt myri [19], Brssi nigr [22], *Corrsponn Author: Mhr. Yrni, Assoit prof. Dprtmnt of Agronomy, Fulty of Agriultur, Triz Brnh, Islmi Az Univrsity, Triz, Irn. Emil: yrni@iut..ir n m.yrni@yhoo.om 602

2 Yrni, 2011 Amrnthus rtroflxus, Chnopoium lum n Cynoon tylon [18] n Lntn mr [20]. Alllopthi proprty of Chnopoium lum is prsnt s on of th mg-full prmtrs, whih is us y lllopthi ffts of iffrnt plnt prts [18]. Rzi n Yrni [18] rport tht Amrnthus rtroflxus, Chnopoium lum shoot n Cynoon tylon root xtrts stopp sfflowr ss grmintion. Th fft ws % rution of grmintion. It might us y hngs of nzym tivitis, whih fft trnsmission rsrv mtrils. Chnopoium lum h th most rution impt on root n shoot ry wight, root lngth, lf r n iomss. Grmintion is n importnt stg in rop growth n llopthi ompoun fft grmintion. Ths ompouns n rgult suh intrtions within n twn spis in plnt ommunitis [8]. This stg inlus svrl phss, whih is inlu wtr imiitions, toli n noli phss. Irrgulritis in th rspirtion rt ru mtoli nrgy (ATP) n rsult in s grmintion n growth rution. Ativity of mny nzyms suh s protins, lips n α- myls, whih ply n importnt rol uring grmintion stops unr influn of ompouns. llopthi ompoun not only ru grmintion, ut lso ly grmintion tht fft sling mor grtr. Sling with ig siz my ompt ttr unr onitions of low soil moistur [7]. On of th ftors ffting th grmintion, is s siz. Th smllr ss r mor snsitiv to strss us y plnt lllopthi rmnnts. Bus thy r rly lss on rohyrts stor in th vnt of strss. Although lrg ss grmintion r similr to smll ss in vitro. On simpl thniqu tht improv vigor n stlishmnt of slings n thus th plnt's yil in th fils is priming. in Priming, th rly stgs of grmintion strt y ss imiition n not lt thm slings mrgn n thn s ri. Thr r rports showing tht priming us rly trnsription of DNA, n RNA, protin synthsis n mryo growth inrs, n ss mg prts rpir. Ths ftors n improv ss grmintion rt n slings uniformity. So priming usful fft my mor pprnt unr unfvorl onitions [9]. Priming l to fstr mrgn of slings n strongr plnts. In ition, improv mrgn prntg of slings n stlish ttr plnt popultion unr iffrnt nvironmntl onitions.but unr influn of priming, som improvmnt in nopy rlt to rly mrgn n sussful stlishmnt of slings [9]. Sliyli i (SA) or orthohyroxynzoi i ply mjor rol in rgultion of mny physiologil prosss.g. growth, vlopmnt, ion sorption n grmintion of plts. Sliyli i is ommon plnt-prou phnoli ompoun. Compouns in this group n funtion s growth rgultors. In ition, SA oul inlu in th tgory of phytohormons. Exognous pplition of SA my influn rng of ivrs prosss in plnts, inluing s grmintion, stomtl losur, ion uptk n trnsport, mmrn prmility, photosynthti n growth rt [6, 14]. This xprimnt ws prforms to stuy th fft of Chnopoium lum llolopthi ompouns, s siz n priming ffts on grmintion n sling growth of Foniulum vulgr. MATERIALS AND METHODS This rsrh hs n on t lortory of griulturl fulty of Islmi Az Univrsity, Triz rnh lot t 38 3 / N n / E, 1360 mtrs ltitu. For xtrt prprtion, Chnopoium lum plnts hv n ollt n thn put in n ovn in 80 C to ry. Thn th ry mttr mill to prprtion xtrts, For 1:5 xtrt prprtion, 20 grms of powr ws us in 100 of wtr. In this xprimnt ss trt to lrt ging. For this purpos ss wr pl t 32 C for 16 ys n 32 hours insi th inutor with humiity 90 prnt n 5 ys wr xpos to ir to rying n thn stnr grmintion tst wr on to vlut sling growth n mrgn. Priming trtmnts ppli y EC solution qul 8. Thn th ss xpos for 20 hours in istill wtr n in th osmoti solution. Thn rmov th ss n wr xpos to ir 24 hours to ring. Ss of Foniulum vulgr wr striliz, pl on oul filtr ppr (Whtmn No.2) in ptri ishs n wtr with 10 ml of quous xtrts 1:5 n ontrol. On hunr hlthy ss wr sow in two ptri ishs for h trtmnt. Trtmnts wr rrng within th growth hmr in ompltly rnomiz sign. Grmintion ws rri out in grmintion mintin t rgim of 14 h light t 25 C n 10 h rknss t 18 C. Th numr of grmint ss ws ount vry ys for 15 ys. Grmintion rts wr lult oring to th moifition y Khn n Ungr [13] of th Timson s grmintion vloity inx: ΣG/t; whr G is th prntg of ss grmint ftr 2 ys intrvls, n t is th totl tim of grmintion [23]. Aftr 15 ys, root n shoot lngth n root n shoot ry wight wr msur. Dt nlysis m y MSTAT-C n grphs y Exl. 603

3 J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Si., 1(12) , 2011 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Vrin nlysis show tht thr wr highly signifint iffrn on intrtion of ftigu n iffrnt onntrtions of Chnopoium lum xtrt on grmintion (Tl 1). Sling Lnght(m) R/S f f slyli 4 g wtr p 2 h ontro 0 sling lnght(m) GP(%) ontrol Fig 1: intrtion of ging*priming on sling lngth Fig 0.3 3: intrtion of xtrt*priming on root/shoot rtio Fig 5: intrtion of ging*xtrt on sling lngth lllophti xtrt 65 ontrol f ll o ll on GP(%) slyli 45 wtr pr ontrol ontrol Fig 2: intrtion of ging*priming on grmintion prntg GP(%) lll ont Fig 4: intrtion of ging*xtrt on grmintion prntg sling ry wight(gr) sling lnght(m) lllophti xtrt 8 ontrol slyli i wtr priming ontrol Diffrnt Mtho Priming Fig 6: intrtion of xtrt*priming on sling lngth lllophti xtrt ontrol slyli i wtr priming ontrol iffrnt priming mtho Fig 7: intrtion of xtrt*priming on grmintion prntg 0.2 slyli i wtr priming ontrol iffrnt priming mtho Fig 8: intrtion of xtrt*priming on sling ry wight 604

4 Yrni, 2011 Tl 1: Anov of Efft of Chnopoium lum xtrt n priming unr s ging on ttriuts of Foniulum vulgr S. o V. f Mn squr GP Sling lngth Sling ry wight Grmintion rt R/S ging ** ** 5.77** ** 3.34** priming * 78.11** 0.86 ns 78.23** 0.50** priming ging ** 14.49** 0.16 ns ns 0.09ns xtrt ** ** 5.17** ** 2.99** Aging xtrt ns 44.29** 0.98* 88.78** 0.56** priming xtrt * 10.47** 0.23 ns 21 ns 0.15ns Priming ging xtrt ** 7.64** 0.33 ns ns 0.17ns Error CV(%) Aging ss h lowr grmintion prntgs (Figur 1). Mny rsrhrs lso hv rport tht priming inrs grmintion n mrgn of wk or mg ss [10]. Rsrhrs hv rport tht priming inrss th vigpr of ri, orn, ps n soyns ss n l to rpi stlishmnt, rly flowring n high yil [17]. Figur 2 show tht rution in growth of slings wr mor thn grmintion prntg. Svrl rports init tht inrsing ging n ruing th vigor of ss, rss th ility of sling to grow in th fil [16]. Aging ss show grmintion rt n mrgn prntg rution [11]. Thr is no signifint iffrn twn ontrol n 16 hours ging y Applition lllopthi xtrts ut 32 hours ging ru grmintion (Figur 4). Whil pplying wtr priming n sliyli i priming n rovr this rution. Aoring to this figur n sn tht without ny ging, sliyli i fiiny in inrsing slings lngth is mor thn wtr priming. Sling growth rt ru y lllopthi ompoun ut ging fft ws mor thn lllopthi ompoun (Figur 5). Aging inrs s snsitivity to llolopthi ompoun. Stopping grmintion my rlt to hng in nzym tivity tht fft on trnsfr n storg ompouns uring grmintion [5]. Wtr priming n slyli i inrs grmintion rt (Figur 7) This mns tht priming rs th intnsity of grmintion tht ru y lllopti ompouns. Bus priming improv grmintion, sling mrgn n stlishmnt n improv yil lso n ru tim of grmintion. S priming lso inrss s vigor n rus losss from lt plnting. Rpi grmintion unr influn of priming rising from synthsis of DNA, RNA n protins [3]. Sliyli i priming ws most fftiv in ruing lllopti ompouns fft whil no iffrn twn wtr trtmnt n ontrol ws sn without pplying lllopti ompouns, ut in pplying lllopti ompouns, wtr trtmnt n inrs th lngth of slings. Turk n Twh [22] rport lk mustr xtrts ru wil rly hypootyl lngth, hypootyl wight, ril wight, s grmintion, n ril lngth y s muh s 44, 55, 57, 63 n 75 %, rsptivly, whn ompr with wtr ontrol. Inrsing th wtr xtrt onntrtions from 4 to 20 g pr 100 ml of wtr of ll lk mustr prts signifintly inrs th inhiition of wil rly grmintion, sling lngth n wight. Wtr priming whn no xtrt pplit hnot fft on sling ry wight. But pplying wtr priming inrs sling ry wight. sliyli i priming inrs sling ry wight with or without xtrt pplition (Figur 8). Conlusion This stuy monstrt tht Chnopoium lum isply lllopthi tivity n influn mrgn n growth of Foniulum vulgr. Grmintion prntg ws lss snsitiv thn sling growth to lllopthy. Effts of Chnopoium lum xtrt on shoot n root longtions n ry mttr wr vril. Th pttrn osrv suggsts high ility of Chnopoium lum to ompt ginst ws whih n n issu with potntil gronomi onsquns. Th rsults init iffrnt gr of snsitivity twn s ging, n suggst tht if wtr rsours r limit uring plnt growth, whih is ommon in Mitrrnn rs, poor grmintion prntg, root vlopmnt n ry mttr umultion of ws my rstrit th ility of ws to op with wtr fiit n impir thir ility to ompt with Chnopoium lum. Bs on our rsults it sms tht slinity rsistn of Fnnl ss t grmintion stg will inrs y trting ss with on mm sliyli i. This stuy is th first to monstrt th lllopthi potntil of Chnopoium lum, on of th most vlul wss in ri n smiri rs, n th rsults n th sis for stlishmnt of long-trm xprimnts to vlut lllopthy unr fil onitions. 605

5 J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Si., 1(12) , 2011 Ths xprimnts will furthr hlp to vrify th impt of lllopthy on ultivtion n stlishmnt of som miinl plnts in pls whr wtr rstrition is n importnt issu. Th inhiitory sustns prsnt in Chnopoium lum plnts using lllopthy oul us s sour of potntil nturl hrii. So Aoring to th ngtiv impts of ws in fils, urt ontrol in sustinl griultur systms r solutly ssntil. REFERENCES 1. Alm, S. M., Al, S. A., Azmi, A. R., Kn, M. A. n Ansri, R Alllopthy n it's rol in griultur. Journl of Biologil Sins. 1(5): Ampong-Nyrko, K. n D Dtt, S. K A hnook for w ontrol in ri. Institut Ri Rsrh Inustry, Mnil, Philippins P: Brs,S. M. A., I. A. Pnnu n I. Afzl, Evlution of Sling Vigor of Hyro n Mtriprim Wht (Tritium stivum L.) Ss. Intrntionl Journl of Agriultur n Biology. 5(2): Dhr, M, K., S, Kul., B, Fri., B, S, Gill., 2002.Chromosom intifition in Plntgo ovt Forsk. through C- ning n fish. Currnt Sin. 83(2): El-Khti, A. A., A. K, Hgzy., n H. K. Gl, 2004, Dos lllopthy hv rol in th ology of Chnopoium murl?. Ann. Bot. Fnnii-41: El-Ty, M. A Rspons of rly grins to th intrtiv fft of slinity n sliyli i. Plnt Growth Rgultion. 45: Esuro, A., M. J. Alrt., J. M. Pit., n F. P. Gri, 2000, Inhiitory ffts of Artmisi hr l on th grmintion of th gypsophyt Hlinthmum squmtum. Plnt Eology. 148: Frnnz, C., Voiriot, S., Mvy, J., Vil, B., Ormno, E., Dupouyt, S. n Bousqut-Mlou, A Rgnrtion filur of Pinus hlpnsis Mill: Th rol of uto-toxiity n som ioti nvironmntl prmtrs. Forst Eology n Mngmnt. 255(7): Ghssmi-Golzni, K., P. Shikhzh- Mosg n M. Vlizh Efft of hyropriming urtion n limit irrigtion on fil prformn of hikp. Rsrh Journl of S Sin. 1(1): Horii, A, P. MCu., K. Shtty Enhnmnt of s vigour following instii n phnoli liitor trtmnt.biorsour Thnology 98: Hsu, C. C., C. L. Chn, J. J. Chn, J. M. Sung Alrt ging-nhn lipi proxition in ittr gour ss n ffts of priming n hot wtr soking trtmnts. Sinti Hortiultur 98: Inrjit, W, J., 2001, Alllopthy symposium: Soil Environmnt ffts on lllohmils tivity. Agronomy Journl. 93: Khn, M. A., Ungr, I. A., n Showltr, A. M Efft of thrmoprio on rovry of s grmintion of hlophyts from slin onition. Amrin Journl of Botny 84: Khn W., Prithivirj B. n Smith D Photosynthti rsponss of orn n soyn to folir pplition of sliylts. J. Plnt Physiol. 160: Mutlu, S. n A. Okks, Alllopthi fft of Npt myri Bnth. xtrts on s grmintion n sling growth of som rop plnts. At Physiologi Plntrum, 31: Prrish, D. J. n A. C. Lopol On th Mhnism of Aging in Soyn Ss. Plnt Physiol. 61, Rshi, A., P. Hollington., D. Hrris., P. Khn On-frm s priming for rly on norml, slin n slin soi soils in North Wst Frontir Provin, Pkistn. Europ. J. Agronomy 24: Rzi F., n M. Yrni Alllopthi ffts of Chnopoium lum, Amrnthus rtroflxus n Cynoon tylon on grmintion n growth of sfflowr. Journl of Foo, Agriultur & Environmnt. 7(2):

6 Yrni, Roml, A., M. Bll Uin, M.A.S. Arfin Khn, S.A. Mukul n M.K. Hossir, Alllopthi ffts of Lntn mr on grmintion n growth hvior of som griulturl rops in Bnglsh. Journl of Forstry Rsrh, 18: Stphnson, G. R Hrii us n worl foo proution: Risks n nfits. p In Astrts of Intrntionl W Sin Congrss. 3r, Foz Do Igussu, Brzil Jun Singh, H. P., D. R. Btish., n R. K. Kohi Hnook of sustinl w mngmnt. Foo Prouts Prss. 22. Turk, M.A. n A.M. Twh, Inhiitory ffts of quous xtrts of lk mustr on grmintion n growth of lntil. Pkistn Journl of Agronomy, 1: Vint, O., Bosiu, M. n Nrnjo, A Rsponss to slt strss in th hlophyt Plntgo rssifoli (Plntgin). Journl of Ari Environmnt 58:

Response of Sesame (Sesamum indicum) Cultivars to Hydropriming of Seeds

Response of Sesame (Sesamum indicum) Cultivars to Hydropriming of Seeds J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Si., 1(12)638-642, 2011 2011, TxtRo Pulition ISSN: 2090-4215 Journl o Appli Environmntl n Biologil Sins www.txtro.om Rspons o Ssm (Ssmum inium) Cultivrs to Hyropriming o Ss Ahm