Original Research Article. Essubalew Getachew Seyum

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1 Mrit Rsrh Journl of Agriulturl Sin n Soil Sins (ISSN: ) Vol. 2(7) pp , July, 2014 Avill onlin Copyright 2014 Mrit Rsrh Journls Originl Rsrh Artil Influn of plnt sping n t of sowing on yil n yil omponnts of two snp n (Phsolus vulgris L.) vritis in Jimm, Southwstrn Ethiopi Essulw Gthw Syum Astrt Dprtmnt of Hortiultur, Wolkit Univrsity Collg of Agriultur P.O.Box 07, Wolkit, Ethiopi Emil: ssulwgthw@yhoo.om Apposit plnt sping n t of sowing longsi with vrity hs prmount signifin in improving th po yil n yil omponnts of grn n. Th spir of th xprimnt ws to trmin th propr sowing t, vritis, n optimum plnt sping, n thir omintions for ttr yil of grn ns unr Jimm onition. Th trtmnts wr fiv lvls of sping; four lvl of sowing ts n two vritis li out in Rnomiz Complt Blok Dsign with thr rplitions. Th nlysis of vrin rvl tht vrity signifint iffrns for totl po yil, whil sping illustrt signifint iffrn for totl po yil, lf r n numr of primry rnhs. Dt of sowing lso show signifint iffrns in totl po yil n tp root lngth. Vrity X t of sowing rvl signifint intrtions for ys to 50% flowring, lf r, plnt hight, root frsh wight, root volum n numr of primry rnhs. Vrity X sping show signifint intrtions for ys to 50% flowring n tp root lngth. Th sping X t of sowing intrtion ws signifint only for root frsh wight. Th highst totl po yil ws prou y grn n sow on July 3, grn n sp t 40mx7m n Mlk-5 vrity. Th stuy rsults suggst tht rly July pprs th most pproprit t of sowing n sping t 40 m x 7 m with vrity of Mlk-5 rommn for optimum yil of grn n proution t Jimm onitions. Kywors: Grn n, plnt sping, sowing t, vritis, totl po yil. INTRODUCTION Snp n (Phsolus vulgris L.) is wily us s protin sour with highly nutritiv vlu in humn nutrition in th worl (El-Nomni t l., 2010). Currntly, th totl r ovrg of grn n in Ethiopi is mor thn 15,379h with n vrg totl proution of 6,803tonns (FAO, 2009). It hs n mong th most importnt n highly prioritiz rops s mns of forign urrny rning in Ethiopi (Gzhgn n Dwit, 2006 n Ky, 1979). Rntly, it hs om on of th most importnt vgtls in lol mrkt, ommonly us in stnr hotls n for fstivitis, to rt vrity of ishs. It hs n onsir s n importnt protin supplmnt in rls n root rops s it of in th low inom ommunity of th ountry. It srvs s grn vgtls n provis protin, loris, vitmins n minrls, suh s lium, phosphorus, n iron (Lmm, 2003). Sm n Yosf (1985) rport th mjor proution onstrints in Ethiopi inlus givn th minimum gnotyp srning unrtkn ross iffrnt limti zons, th gnotyp ntris h not n onsistnt, isss n psts wr highr with rin-f vritls srning thn with thos unr irrigt onitions, whn no rop prottion msurs wr tkn n high

2 Gthw 087 post-hrvst losss (Lmm, 2003). Sit-spifi ftors, suh s ulturl prtis n sowing t influn yil n yil hrtristis of grn n. Sltion of th most suitl vrity, trmining suitl sowing t n pplying pproprit ulturl prtis r vry importnt for inrsing qulity n yil of grn n. Among vrious ftors, optimum sowing t n st vrity r of primry importn to otin potntil yil (Amnullh t l., 2002). Vrious vrity trils n gronomi xprimnts of th ountry us plnting nsity of 50mx25m n 40mx20m for rin-f n irrigt onitions, rsptivly. Ltr, stnr sping of 40mx10m hs n opt; irrsptiv of rin-f or irrigt onitions (Gofry t l., 1985), whih ws not lr how this stnr plnting ws trmin without hving plnting nsity stuy inluing numr of plnts pr hill. In Ethiopi, prtiulrly in Jimm zon thr r svrl proution onstrints tht inlu: sn of systmti n ontinuous rsrh on th ptility n proutivity potntil of th ultivrs, lk of wrnss, srious isss n pst prvln n lk of pproprit gronomil n ulturl prtis for th rop n thr ws no grn n proution roun Jimm oth t smll sl n ommril frmr s fil, n hn th pproprit vrity n plnting t n th optimum plnt popultion ws not known for grn n unr Jimm onition. Thrfor, this stuy ws onut with th ojtivs of trmining pproprit sowing t, optimum plnt sping, vritis n thir omintion for ttr po yil n rlt gronomi trits of grn ns unr Jimm onition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dsription of th Exprimntl Sit Th xprimnt ws onut in Jimm Univrsity Collg of Agriultur n Vtrinry Miin Exprimntl Sttion t Elll uring th min ropping sson unr rin-f onition. Th sit ws situt t ltitu of 7 0 S 42 9 N n longitu E n n lvtion of 1753m ov s lvl. Th xprimntl sit rivs n vrg nnul rinfll of 1559 mm with mximum n minimum tmprturs of 26.8 n C, rsptivly; n th vrg mximum n minimum rltiv humiity of th r r 67.5 n 37.9%, rsptivly. Th soil of th xprimntl sit is rish rown ly, lssifi s Nitisol with ph rng of 5.0 to 6.0 (BPEDORS, 2000). Exprimntl Dsign n Trtmnts Two nit grn n vritis (Mlk-1 n Mlk- 5) wr otin from Mlkss Agriulturl Rsrh Cntr (MARC). Th xprimnt onsist of thr ftors nmly, fiv lvls of intr-row n intr-row sping (50 x 7 m, 40 x 15 m, 40 x 10 m, 40 x 7 m, 30 x 15 m), with four lvls of tim of sowing (July 3 r, July 18 th, August 2 n, n August 17 th, 2010) n two nit grn n vritis (Mlk-1 n Mlk-5) rrng in 5 x 4 x 2 ftoril rrngmnt in rnomiz omplt lok sign with thr rplitions. Exprimntl Mngmnt Th totl xprimntl r for singl rplition ws 35 X 8 m 2 =1925 m 2 n thr wr four rows in h plot with two hrvstl mil two rows. Sping twn plots, rplition n intr-loks wr 0.5 m, 1 m n 0.5 m, rsptivly. Thn ss wr sown s pr th trtmnt with s rt rnging from 98 to 218 pr plots, pning on th sping trtmnt. Th first sowing ws on on July 3, 2010 n susqunt sowings for th othr trtmnts wr m t 15 ys intrvl. All mngmnt prtis wr prform s pr th gnrl rommntions for grn n (Lmm, 2003). Dt Colltion Dt on th po yil n yil rlt gronomi trits of grn n wr ror from h plot y tking tn rnom plnts. Ths quntittiv trits inlus: totl po yil (kg h -1 ), ys to 50% flowring, plnt hight (m), lf r (m 2 ), root frsh wight (gm), root volum (m 3 ), tp root lngth (m) n numr of primry rnhs. Dt Anlysis Anlysis of Vrin (ANOVA) n orrltion ws prform using Gnstt vrsion 11 (VSN Intrntionl, 2008) with th REML vrin omponnts nlysis. Mn sprtion ws rri out using LSD (Lst Signifint Diffrn) tst t 5% lvl of signifin for trits tht show signifint mn squrs (Gomz n Gomz, 1984). All th grphs n tls wr gnrt using xl omputr progrm. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Thr ws signifint (P<0.05) intrtion fft twn vrity n sowing t, vritis n sping on ys to 50% flowring, plnt hight, lf r, root frsh wight, root volum, tp root lngth, numr of primry rnhs n ys to 50% flowring n tp root lngth, rsptivly. Th intrtion fft twn t

3 088 Mrit Rs. J. Agri. Si. Soil Si. Tl 1. Mn squr rror for th prmtrs Prmtrs Vrity Sping Sowing t Vrity* Sping Vrity* Sowing t Sping* Sowing t Vrity* Sping* Sowing t TPY 4.51* 6.86 * ** 3.49 ns 0.56 ns ns ns DF 8.05** 7.35 ns ** 11.08* 19.70** ns ns TRL 10.38** 11.20* ** 11.32* 5.60 ns ns ns RV 0.032* 6.31 ns ** 4.28 ns 19.26** ns ns NPB 19.26** 17.84** ** 8.12 ns 15.40** ns ns RFW 5.54* 7.34 ns ** 3.71 ns 11.89* 23.87* 8.64 ns LA 2.50 ns 9.98* 79.98** 1.30 ns 41.23** ns ns PH 0.97 ns 3.40 ns 86.87** 2.66 ns 10.36* 5.33 ns 5.45 ns *=Signifint, **= Highly Signifint n NS= Non- Signifint TPY= Totl po yil, DF= Dys to 50% flowring, TRL=Tp root lngth, RV= Root volum, NPB= Numr of primry rnhs, RFW= Root frsh wight, PH= Plnt hight, LA= Lf r Dys to 50% Flowring CV(%)=0.32 LSD(5%)=0.128 S1 S2 S3 S4 S1 S2 S3 S4 Mlk-1 Vritis y Sowing t Mlk-5 Figur 1. Intrtion fft of vritis n sowing t on ys to 50% flowring of grn n. sowing n plnt sping lso rsult in signifint on root frsh wight. Sping imprt signifint iffrns with rgr to th tp root lngth, lf r n numr of primry rnhs n totl po yil. Sowing t n vrity inpnntly signifintly fft th totl po yil of grn n (Tl 1). Dys to 50% Flowring Mximum numrs of ys to 50% of flowring ws ror for Mlk-1 sown on 2 n August whrs, th minimum numr of ys to 50% flowring ws ror for Mlk-1 sown on 18 th July n for Mlk-5 sown on 18 th July, rsptivly (Figur 1). Th osrv iffrn oul u to high rinfll (wtr) n lss sunlight prio tht might hv l to proution of mor vgttiv prts rthr thn rproutiv prts s rsult of sowing on 18 th July. Ngw t l. (2001) show tht snp n vritis flowr in th rng of 41 to 43 ys in th long riny sson whrs, in th lt sson th snp n vritis flowr within 39 to 41 ys. Snp n with n rly plnting took mor numr of ys to flowr n mtur thn in th othr plnting ssons n rlist flowring snp n ws osrv whn it ws plnt in th lt plnting sson (23 r July) whil ly flowring ws osrv in snp ns plnt in th norml or summr plnting sson (13 r Jun), hstning its vlopmnt (Mrln t l., 2008). Longst numr of ys to 50% flowring ws ror for Mlk-1 sown t th sping of 40m x 10m. Th lst numr of ys to 50% flowring ws ror on vrity Mlk-5 sown t th sping of 40mx7m (Tl 2). This oul proly u to th ft tht t lowr nsity thr is lss omptition twn plnts for wtr, nutrints, n minrls tht l to th vlopmnt of vgttiv prts rthr thn forming rproutiv prts. Smih (2008), rport tht whn ns r plnt t th lowr plnting nsitis rquir mor numr of ys for looming (flowring). Th iffrn in th ys to flowring twn th two

4 Gthw 089 Tl 2. Intrtion fft of plnt sping n vritis on ys to 50% flowring of grn n Vrity Plnt Sping CV LSD Mn 50mx7m 40mx15m 40mx10m 40mx7m 30mx15m (%) (5%) Mlk Mlk Mn Plnt hight t hrvst (m) CV(%)=4.30 LSD(5%)=0.673 f S1 S2 S3 S4 S1 S2 S3 S4 Mlk-1 Vritis y Sowing t Mlk-5 Figur 2. Intrtion fft of vritis y sowing t on plnt hight of grn n CV(%)=6.56 LSD(5%)=2.329 Lf r (m2/plnt) S1 S2 S3 S4 S1 S2 S3 S4 M lk-1 Vritis y Sowing t M lk-5 Figur 3. Intrtion fft of vritis with sowing t on lf r of grn n vritis oul proly u to th gnti mk-up of th two vritis (El-Nomni t l., 2010). Plnt Hight Mximum plnt hight ws ror from Mlk-5 sown on 17 th August follow y Mlk-1 sown on sm t. In ontrst, th lst plnt hight ws sor from Mlk- 1 sown on 2 n August (Figur 2). This oul u to th xtn prvln of sunlight uring th growth prio whih might hv stimult mor growth Mlk-5 ompr to othr sowing ts. Singr t l. (1996) rport mximum plnt hight t th wrmst thn th oolst nvironmntl onition. Viir t l. (1990) lso rport tht th prssion of plnt hight oul rsult from rution of photosynthti ffiiny of plnt. Mlk-5 sow on th pproprit sowing t rsult in suprior plnt hight s ompr to Mlk-1, implying tht gnotypilly Mlk-5 is suprior thn Mlk-1.

5 090 Mrit Rs. J. Agri. Si. Soil Si. Tl 3. Efft of plnt sping on lf r of grn n Sping Lf Ar (m 2 /plnt) 50mx7m mx15m mx10m mx7m mx15m Mn CV (%) 4.13 LSD (5%) CV (%)=16.50 LSD(5%)=0.075 Frsh Root wight (g) S1 S2 S3 S4 S1 S2 S3 S4 M lk-1 Vritis y Sowing t M lk-5 Figur 4. Intrtion fft of vritis with sowing t on frsh root wight of grn n Lmm t l. (2006) show Mlk-5 is suprior in plnt hight thn Mlk-1. Uin t l. (2007) lso rport tht intrtion twn plnting tim n gnotyps on soyn vritis rsult in inrs plnt hight in Dmr plnting s ompr to Novmr plnting. Th uthor s ssoit this with th inrs tmprtur intrpt y th gnotyps sow in Dmr plnting uring its lif tim. Lf Ar Th mximum lf r ws osrv from Mlk-5 sow on 2 n August whrs th lowst lf r ws osrv from Mlk-1 sow on 17 th August (Figur 3). This rsult is in-grmnt with th work of Singr t l. (1996) rport tht highr lf r ws ror for lt sowing thn rly sowing of grn n. Th highst lf r ws osrv from plnts sp t 40mx7m. In ontrst, th lowst lf r ws sor on plnts sp t 40mx15m (Tl 3). Joski t l. (2000) inrs lf r of iniviul plnts s plnt popultion rs. Zhou t l. (2011) lso rport tht omptition twn plnts vri from sping to sping; whrin soyn plnts plnt in nrrow rows sping ttin high light ptur thn in wir rows sping. Grinri t l. (1978) rport tht highr prntg of PAR (Pohtosntitilly Ativ Rition) intrption of ush ultivr ws highr whn ush ultivrs wr plnt t 45.5m row sping thn tht of 91 m row sping irrsptiv of sowing ts. Root Frsh Wight Th highst root frsh wight ws osrv from Mlk-1 sown on th 3 r July, whih ws prnt mor thn th lowst frsh root wight tht ws osrv from Mlk-1 sown on 17 th August n Mlk-5 on 17 th August (Figur 4). Th osrv iffrn in trms of root frsh wight oul proly u to th t this sowing thr is lss rinfll riv ftr plnting on 17 th August n xposur of th plnts to mor sunlight s ompr to th othr sowing ts whih ll togthr rsult in plnts tht prou lss vgttiv prts; lss firous root with lss frsh root wight. Th iffrn twn th two vritis oul ttriut to thir gnti mkup. Evn though, litrturs tht support this fining wr not foun on snp n n othr rlt phsolus spis, Alm t l. (2010) rport similr rsult in rish tht frsh root wight ws signifintly highr in rly sowing thn lt sowing in Bnglsh.

6 Gthw 091 Tl 4. Intrtion fft of plnt sping n sowing t on root frsh wight of grn n plnts Sping Sowing t Root Frsh Wight (gm) 50mx7m 3 r July th July n August th August f 40mx15m 3 r July th July n August f 17 th August f 40mx10m 3 r July th July n August th August f 40mx7m 3 r July th July n August th August f 30mx15m 3 r July th July n August th August f Mn 0.57 CV (%) LSD (5%) Tl 5. Intrtion fft of sowing t n vritis on root volum of grn n plnts Sowing Dt Vrity Mn 3 r July 18 th July 2 n August 17 th August CV (%) LSD (5%) Mlk Mlk Mn Th highst root frsh wight ws foun on plot of ns sown on th 3 r of July t sping of 40mx15m. On th ontrry, th lowst root frsh wight ws ror from plots sown with ns on th 17 th of August t sping of 40 m x 10m (Tl 4). Th vilility of suffiint moistur in th soil following th sowing of ns rlir (3 r July) n t th optimum sping (40mx15m, 40mx7m n 30mx15m) might hv fvor mximum vgttiv growth inluing root vlopmnt. Th onition gts so svr whn plnting is too lt or too rly. Unr low nsity, plnts oul gt th ssntil rsours sily thus rsulting in th vlopmnt of high root frsh wight. Root Volum Th mximum root volum ws ror from vrity Mlk-1 sown on th 3 r of July. In ontrst, th minimum root volum ws sor from Mlk-1 sown on th 17 th of August, (Tl 5). Plnts stlish rlir (3 r July) riv mor rinfll s ompr to lt sown ons (17 th August) n hn th ltr might hv suffr from shortg of moistur n xtn sunlight prio whih ltogthr might hv inu th proution short n fw numr of firous roots y th rops. Tp Root Lngth Th longst tp root ws osrv from plnts of th vrity Mlk-1 sown t 40mx7m. In ontrst, th shortst tp root ws not from plnts of th vrity Mlk-5 stlish t sping of 40mx10m (Tl 6). Th osrv inrs in tp root lngth in Mlk-1 tht ws plnt t iffrnt sping omintions oul proly rspons of th vrity. Morovr, th mximum tp root lngth hiv t 40mx7m might hv rt high omptition twn plnts for wtr, minrls n othr rsours n th growth n vlopmnts of plnts t this sitution mks th plnts to prou longr tp roots running in srh of wtr n othr rsours. Th mximum mn tp root lngth ws foun from

7 092 Mrit Rs. J. Agri. Si. Soil Si. Tl 6. Intrtion fft of plnt sping n vritis on tp root lngth of grn n plnts Plnt Sping Vrity Mn 50mx7m 40mx15m 40mx10m 40mx7m 30mx15m Mlk Mlk f Mn CV (%) LSD (5%) Tl 7. Efft of sowing t on tp root lngth of grn n plnts Sowing t Tp Root Lngth (m) 3 r July th July n August th August Mn CV (%) 1.91 LSD (5%) Numr of primry rnhs CV(%)=1.91 LSD(5%)=0.027 f g S1 S2 S3 S4 S1 S2 S3 S4 Mlk-1 Vritis y Sowing t Mlk-5 Figur 5. Intrtion fft of sowing t n vritis on numr of primry rnhs of grn n plnts sown on th 18 th of July whrs, th shortst ws rgistr from sowing on th 17 th of August (Tl 7). Th highst intnsity of rinfll t th stuy sit ws osrv to uring th month of July n rs in August. Consquntly, th roots of plnts from Jun sowing oul gt suffiint moistur within thir rh n hn i not vlop long tp root to srh for moistur. Notly, th shortst tp root lngth ws ror for lt sowing (17 th August) whih vivily xprin limit mount of rinfll. Numr of Primry Brnhs Mor numr of primry rnhs ws osrv from Mlk-1 sown on th 18 th of July whilst, th lst numr of primry rnhs ws rgistr from Mlk-5 sown on 17 th August (Figur 5). Th pprnt isrpny in th numr of primry rnhs twn rly n lt sowing ts oul ttriut to th iffrn in moistur ontnt of th soil; rly sowing ling to mor moistur vilility thn lt sowing n thus ffting vgttiv growth inluing primry rnh vlopmnt. On th othr hn, th iffrn twn th two vritis in trms of primry rnh proution is proly u to thir gnti mkup. Yusufli t l. (2006) rport mor numr of primry rnhs with n rly sowing thn lt sowing of fil ns in Krntk (Ini). Uin t l. (2007) osrv tht th numr of rnhs pr plnt in soyn vritis inrs in Novmr plnting s ompr to Dmr plnting.

8 Gthw 093 Tl 8. Efft of plnt sping on numr of primry rnhs of grn n plnts Sping Numr of primry rnhs 50mx7m mx15m mx10m mx7m mx15m 1.49 Mn 1.46 CV (%) 1.22 LSD (5%) CV(%)=15.39 LSD(5%)= Totl po Yil (kg/h) S1 S2 S3 S4 Sowing Dt Figur 6. Efft of sowing t on totl po yil grn n (kg/h) Signifintly mor numrs of rnhs wr ount from plnts sp t 30 m y 15 m whil th lst numr of rnhs ws ror from plnts stlish t 50 m x 7m (Tl 8). Th possil rson oul proly u to lowr omptition twn plnts unr th lowr nsity plnting for iffrnt rsours tht r ssntil for th growth n vlopmnt s ompr to th high nsity whrin omptition woul svr twn plnts whih onomitntly might hv l to th proution of lss numr of primry rnhs. Lus n Milourn (1976) rport tht lthough numr of rnhs pr plnt gnrlly rs with inrsing nsity u to th ourrn of high omptition mong plnts. Totl Po Yil Th highst totl po yil (kg/h) ws otin u to sowing on th 3 r of July. Convrsly, th lowst totl po yil ws rgistr from sowing th ns lt, th 17 th of August (Figur 6). This ws proly us of th limit vgttiv growth of plnts from th lt sowing s rsult of th limit photosynthts vilility. This in turn ws ttriut to th short rins ssoit with lt sowing. Yols n Esiyok (2007) rvl tht rs yil u to short vgttion prio of th rop sown lt n th mximum growth n yil ws otin y sowing of ns on July. Lowr po yil in th lt plnting sson ws u to smllr iomss proution from shortr vgttiv growth prio n morovr, th lin in po proution my simply rsult from lining flowr proution s vgttiv growth ss. Lt sowing hs ngtiv onsquns on yil us th rproutiv stg ours whn wthr onitions r lss fvorl. Th rproutiv prio of ommon n plnts oini with th highst summr tmprturs n this us sission of mny us n flowrs tht rsults in signifint rs in proutivity (Mrln t l., 2008). Plnt sping t 40mx7m rsult in th highst totl po yil. Convrsly, th lowst totl po yil ws otin from grn n sp t 40mx10m (Tl 9). Thr ws iffrn of prnt totl po yil twn th mximum n th minimum n this prhps u to th lrg numr of plnts pr unit r unr nrrowr sping whih limit th unnssry vgttiv growth n fvor stting of mor pos. Smih (2008) who show suprior yil in th s of high plnt popultions ovr tht of low

9 094 Mrit Rs. J. Agri. Si. Soil Si. Tl 9. Efft of plnt sping on totl po yil (kg/h) of grn ns Plnt Sping Prmtrs TPY (kg/h) 50mx7m mx15m mx10m mx7m mx15m 4817 Mn CV (%) LSD (5%) Tl 10. Efft of vritis on totl po yil (kg/h) Vrity Totl Po Yil (kg/h) Mlk Mlk Mn CV (%) LSD (5%) nsitis. This oul ttriut to th lss svr omptition mong plnts for nutrints n othr rsours unr th ontxt of lss numr plnts pr unit r. Cutliff (1967) lso rport yil of grn ns inrs t th nrrow sping thn th wir. Wh (1986) stt tht highr plnting nsitis of grn n gv highr po yils pr unit r thn tht of lowr plnting nsity. Th highst totl po yil ws otin from th vrity Mlk-5 whrs th lowst totl po yil ws otin from Mlk-1 (Tl 10). Th iffrn twn th two vritis us for th stuy in rspt of totl po yil oul minly u to th gnti mkup of th vritis. Lmm t l. (2006) osrv iffrn in yil twn th two vritis of grn ns owing to thir gnti mkup. Th two vritis lso mnifst iffrns in rspt of rlinss n vgttiv growth. Cultivrs with long vgttiv growth urtion h gnrlly highr frsh po yils thn thos with short vgttiv growth urtion in th rly n norml plnting ssons (Mrln t l., 2008). El- Nomni t l. (2010) rport tht snp n growth, pos or s yil n totl xportl yil r grtly fft y gnotyp of vrity. Amr t l. (2002) onlu tht th iffrns in pos yil of n vritis might ttriut u to th gnti mkup vrity. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Grn n is on of th most ultivt lguminous vgtl in th worl. Sltion of st vrity, trmining pproprit sowing t n using th optimum plnt sping r vry importnt ftors to inrs th proutivity n mrktility of grn n. Th prsnt stuy ws onut to ssss th yil of grn n vritis s influn y iffrnt sowing t n plnt sping typs unr Jimm onition. Consiring th growth plnts, vrity Mlk-5 sown on th 17 th August rgistr th mximum plnt hight whil th mximum numr of primry rnhs ws ror from Mlk-1 plnts stlish on th 18 th of July. Mlk-5 sown on th 2 n of August prou th mximum lf r. Th longst tp root ws otin from Mlk-1 stlish t sping 40mx7m n 30mx15m n mong th sowing ts, th longst tp root ws osrv t sowing t of 18 th July. Th intrtion twn vritis n sowing t rsult in iffrn in rspt of ys to flowring; Mlk-5 sown t 40m x7m show th rlist flowring. Prtining to yil, th highst totl po yil wr otin from grn n plnts sown th 3 r of July Thrfor, th rsult of this stuy hs shown tht iffrnt sowing t, sping, n vritis h signifint positiv influn on th yil n growth of grn n. Hn, sowing of grn n t 3 r July givs mor po yil s ompr to th othr sowing t. From this stuy, it n onlu tht sowing of grn n t 3 r July, sping t 40mx7m, Mlk-5 vrity, h potntil to inrs th yil n growth of grn n unr Jimm onition. Hn, frmrs n ny nw ommril growrs n/or invstors t Jimm n similr gro ology rs woul us ths pkgs for growing grn n with ttr qulity n yil.

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