Effect of feeding different mulberry varieties on some biological characteristics of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

Transcription

1 Egy. J. Pur & Appl. Si. 51 (2013) Egyptin Journl o Pur n Appli Sin Et o ing irnt mulrry vritis on som iologil hrtristis o th silkworm, Bomyx mori L. At A. El-Bnn *1, Mrw N. Moust 2, Sou M. Mhmou 2, Akil M. El-Shi 1 n Amr A. Moust 3 1 Dprtmnt o Entomology, Fulty o Sin, Ain Shms Univrsity, Ciro, Egypt, 2 Sriultur Rsrh Dprtmnt, Plnt Prottion Rsrh Institut - Agriulturl Rsrh Cntr, Ciro, Egypt, 3 Dprtmnt o Biohmistry, Fulty o Agriultur, Ciro Univrsity, Ciro, Egypt. A R T I C L E I N F O Artil history: Riv 24 Otor 2013 Apt 21 Novmr 2013 Kywors: Silkworm; Bomyx mori L.; mulrry. A B S T R A C T Th iologil ts o ing th silkworm Bomyx mori L. on six vritis o mulrry )Morus l vr. Kokuso-27, Sh2xLunlog, Kryng-ppong, Knv-2, Lvigt, n Morus nigr vr. Arnly( wr stui. Rsults rvl signiint irns in urtion, wight n growth rt o th lrv. Thr ws lso notil irn in tiv rt o rring, pproximt igstiility, n iiny o onvrsion o ingst n igst oo to oy sustn. It oul gnrlly onlu tht Kokuso-27 n Sh2xlunlog improv th growth rt vlu ompr to th our othr mulrry vritis. Introution Th silkworm Bomyx mori L. (Orr: Lpioptr, Fmily: Bomyi) is highly spiliz monophgous inst ing on Morus lvs. Morus, ommonly known s mulrry, longs to th mily Mor. It is ultivt or its yil sin its lvs r th only oo sour or th silkworm. Nrly 70 prnt o th silk protins prou y silkworm r irtly riv rom th protins o mulrry lvs [1]. Th vril growth rt o orgns o th silkworm is lrly rlt uring vlopmnt n irntition. Dirntil growth vris pning upon th gnti nowmnt o th r prt rom th qulity n quntity o oo intk n limti onitions [2]. Th nutritiv ts o th lvs o th irnt mulrry vritis on lrvl growth n ooon hrtrs, r rlt on ooon yil n thus on silk proution. Qr t l., [3] oun tht th mtur lrvl wight, singl ooon wight, shll wight, shll prntg n ilmnt lngth wr grtly inlun y th nutritiv vlu o irnt mulrry lvs. Som o th Morus plnts r rih sours o nturl phnoli ompouns inluing lvonois. Suh phnoli ompouns r inispnsl omponnts o th synthti it or Bomyx mori L. n nhn th rt o vlopmnt in th rly stg [4]. * Corrsponing uthor. E-mil rss: irt@hotmil.om Mtrils n Mthos I- Silkworm rring: Silkworm ggs o th monovoltin r (S.A.105) wr otin rom th Sriultur Rsrh Dprtmnt (SRD) o th Plnt Prottion Rsrh Institut (PPRI) n rr t th sm prtmnt rom hthing till ooon ormtion oring to th stnr mtho o rring in SRD. Eggs wr inut in n inutor just t 25ºC n 75% rltiv humiity. Hth lrv wr trnsrr rom th gg rs to th rring trys. Rring ws rri out uring two sussiv spring ssons o 2010 n 2011 unr lortory onitions (28+2 o C n 75+5% RH). Rmovl o l mttr, iss lrv n lning wr on t rgulr intrvls. Lrv wr ivi into six groups. Eh group ws our tims y on on o th ollowing rsh mulrry vritis: Morus l vr. Kokuso-27 import rom Jpn. Morus l vr. Lvigt import rom Pkistn. Morus l vr.knv-2 import rom Ini. Morus l vr. Kryng-ppong import rom North Kor. Morus l vr. Sh2xLunlog import rom Chin. Morus nigr vr. Arnly (ntiv)

2 A. El-Bnn t l. /Egy. J. Pur & Appl. Si. 51 (2013) II- Biologil Stuis on th lrv o th silkworm: II-1- Lrvl urtion: Lrvl urtion ws osrv rom y o hthing till y o spinning n ror in ys. II-2- Wight o lrv: At th n o 3 r, 4 th n 5 th instrs, 30 lrv rom h trtmnt wr wigh sprtly, n th vrg wight ws lult. II-3- Growth rt: This is msur s th gin in wight ovr th initil wight t th 4 th n 5 th instrs n lult oring to Wlur [5]. Growth rt = (A/BxC) A= Wight gin uring lrvl prio (g.) B= Durtion o lrvl prio (ys) C= Mn wight o lrvl uring th sm prio (g.) II-4- Etiv Rt o Rring (ERR%): Eggs o h r wr ount or hthing, thn lrv wr ount tr th thir molt or stimting th ERR%. At th ginning o th 4 th lrvl instr, 300 lrv sprt rom mss rring wr us or stimting ERR% or th grown lrv. Th prntg o young instrs n lso th 4 th n 5 th instrs wr lult oring to th ollowing ormul: Prntg o mortlity = No. o liv lrv X 100 Totl No. o lrv II-5- Foo utiliztion: Th mount o onsum oo, ingst, igst n onvrt into ry mttr n ll th inis stui, wr trmin using th stnr grvimtri mthos o Wlur [5]. II-5-1- Wight o oo onsumption: Estimtion o th mn wight o rsh oo onsum y 5 th instr lrv o th irnt vritis o mulrry lvs ws trmin s ollows: Blnk = Totl wight o rsh lvs to th lrv uring n instr Wight o ry lvs in th ontrol try t th n o th sm instr Wight o rsh rmnnt = Wight o ry rmnnt X Blnk II-5-2- Approximt wight o oo igst (AD) (AD) = Wight o onsum oo - Wight o rsh rmnnt. II-5-3- Approximt igstiility (AD%) (AD%) = Approximt wight o oo igst X 100 Wight o onsum oo II-5-4- Eiiny o onvrsion o oo ingst to oy sustns (ECI) (ECI) = Inrs in wight o lrv X 100 Wight o onsum oo II-5-5- Eiiny o onvrsion o oo igst to oy mttr (ECD) (ECD) = Inrs in wight o lrv X 100 Approximt wight o oo igst Rsults n isussion 1- Et o ing mulrry vritis on th lrvl stg o th silkworm: Stuis wr rri out on th SA105 silkworm r on six mulrry vritis. Th rring t prtining to th iologil hrtristis r til in (Tl1). II-1- Lrvl urtion: Lrvl urtion rom hthing o ggs till spinning th ooons ws stimt s n importnt prmtr sin inrs lrvl urtion hs n inlun on rring prormn, ooon n gring prmtrs. Th otin rsults rvl tht th six mulrry vritis h notil t on lrvl urtion o th young instrs n ror (18 ys) or oth o Kokuso-27, Sh2xlunlog n Arnly, whil Kryng-ppong n Knv-2 ror (19 ys). Lrvl urtion ws prolong in lrv ing on Lvigt (20 ys). During th 4 th lrvl instr, lrv on th irnt mulrry vritis ll ror (6 ys) xpt Lvigt whih ror th longst urtion o 7 ys. During th 5 th instr, th two mulrry vritis Kokuso-27 n Sh2xlunlog ror th shortst lrvl urtion (8 ys), Arnly, Kryng ppong n Knv-2 (9 ys), whil Lvigt rgistr th longst urtion o 10 ys. Th totl lrvl urtion ollow th sm trn n ror 32, 32, 33, 34, 34 n 37 ys in s o Kokuso-27, Sh2xlunlog, Arnly, Kryng-ppong, Knv-2 n Lvigt, rsptivly. Znnoon t l. [6] oun tht rring with Kokuso-27 lvs xhiit signiintly shortr lrvl urtion whn ompr to Morus ini vr. Knv-2 n Morus l vr. Bly (ntiv). Mnon t l. [7] similrly oun tht ing on irnt mulrry hyris t th urtion o th lrvl prio n wight o trpillrs, prpup n silk glns. II-2- Wight o lrv: Wight o young, 4 th n 5 th instrs ir signiintly twn th mulrry vritis (Tl 1). Wight o young lrv t th n o 3 r instr rgistr 0.160, 0.155, 0.133, 0.128, n 0.119g or Kokuso-27, Sh2xlunlog, Arnly, Kryngppong, Knv-2 n Lvigt, rsptivly. Th mn wight o 4 th lrvl instr on Kokuso-27 (0.728 g) ws oun to signiintly highr thn th othr mulrry vritis ollow y Sh2xlunlog (0.663 g), Arnly (0.584 g), Kryng-ppong (0.540 g), knv-2 (0.494 g) n Lvigt (0.425 g). Wight o th 5 th instr lrv on th sm ov mulrry vritis ror 3.064g, 2.912g, 2.730g, 2.640g, 2.402g n 1.732g, rsptivly. Howvr, no signiint irn ws noti twn Arnly n Kryng-ppong. Krimullh t l. [8] oun tht wights o 11-y-ol lrv vri signiintly mong th tst ultivrs. Qr t l., [3] onlu tht mtur lrvl wight n ooon wight wr grtly inlun y th nutritiv vlu o th irnt mulrry lvs. Porto n Okmoto [9] osrv irn in prormn in trms o liv wight n wight gin o B. mori L. lrv whn on irnt mulrry ultivrs. 56

3 A. El-Bnn t l. /Egy. J. Pur & Appl. Si. 51 (2013) Tl 1: Et o ing with six mulrry vritis on som iologil hrtristis o th silkworm, Bomyx mori L. Vrity Kryngppong Kokuso-27 Sh2xlunlog Arnly Prmtr Knv-2 Lvigt L.SD Young instr urtion (ys) th urtion (ys) th urtion (ys) Totl lrvl prio (ys) r lrvl wight th lrvl wight th lrvl wight th growth rt th growth rt Similrly, Sujth t l. [10] oun tht rring o th ivoltin r, PM x NB4D2, with six mulrry vritis, rsult in irn in wight o 4 th instr lrv n mtur lrv n ooon n post-ooon prmtrs. II-3- Growth rt: Whn onsiring ths rsults in th orm o "growth rt" y rlting th wight o lrv t th n o th prvious instr. It ws oun tht th wight gin ws highst in lrv on Kokuso-27 n Sh2xlunlog n suprior thn th othr vritis. Arnly n Kryng-ppong wr th sm n rnk nxt to th irst two vritis, whil Lvigt ws th lst uring th 4 th instr. Th ollowing vlus o 0.129, 0.126, 0.127, 0.126, n r growth rt vlus or 4 th instr lrv, n 0.096, 0.096, 0.087, 0.088, n or 5 th instr lrv on Kokuso-27, Sh2xlunlog, Arnly, Kryng-ppong, Knv-2 n Lvigt, rsptivly. It oul onlu tht Kokuso-27 n Sh2xlunlog improv th growth rt vlu ompr to th our othr mulrry vritis. Lkshmipthi t l. [11] in vluting th growth rt o silkworms otin n ovrll growth rt pr y o 0.22 in ll th tgoris. II-4- Etiv Rt o Rring (ERR): Tl (2) shows tht th highst mn o ERR ws osrv in B. mori L. on Kokuso-27, Sh2xlunlog n Arnly uring th young instrs, 4 th n 5 th lrvl instrs (100%). kryng ppong ror (99.80, 100 n 100%). Lrv on Lvigt ror (99.50, n 97.40%), rsptivly. Vnktsh t l [12] show tht oth ooon wight n survivl inlun th proutiv trits suh s unity, lrvl wight n tiv rt o rring o th nxt gnrtion. II-5- Utiliztion o th six mulrry vritis y th silkworm, B. mori L.: Th ing pross in B. mori L. s inlun y th irnt mulrry vritis, ompriss th rt o oo onsum, igstiility n onvrsion o oo to oy sustn. II-5-1- Wight o oo onsumption: As shown in (Tl 3), th quntity o oo onsum irs twn th mulrry vritis. Mximum mn onsumption ws ror in s o Kokuso-27 to lrv uring 4 th lrvl instr (2.343g) ollow y Sh2xlunlog (2.179g), Arnly (1.996g), Kryngppong (1.896g), Knv-2 (1.765g) n Lvigt (1.665g). During th 5 th lrvl instr, th sm trn ws osrv whr mximum mn onsumption ws ror or Kokuso-27. Th vlus wr (12.980g, g, g, g, g n g) or th sm rrngmnt o ov mulrry vritis, rsptivly (Tl 4). Howvr, Sht t l. [13] otin mximum rsults whn using Goshormi vrity rthr thn Kokuso-20 vrity. II-5-2- Approximt wight o oo igst (A.D): Th quntity o oo utiliz uring 4 th n 5 th instr xprss in trms o pproximt wights o oo igst (A.D) (Tls 3 & 4) ir signiintly twn th six mulrry vritis. Th highst wight o utiliztion ws otin in Lvigt (0.925g) ollow y Knv-2 n Kryng-ppong (0.794g n 0.766g), rsptivly, uring 4 th lrvl instr n (5.008g, 4.291g n 3.749g) uring 5 th lrvl instr. Th thr othr vritis; Kokuso-27, Sh2xlunlog n Arnly, rgistr lowr (A.D) n ror (0.666g, 0.668g n 57

4 E.R.R % A. El-Bnn t l. /Egy. J. Pur & Appl. Si. 51 (2013) Tl 2: Et o ing with six mulrry vritis on th tiv rt o rring o th silkworm, Bomyx mori L. Prmtr Kokuso-27 Sh 2 xlunlog Arnly Kryngppong Knv-2 Lvigt L.S.D Young instr 4 th instr 5 th instr Tl 3: Consumption iiny o 4 th instr lrv on six mulrry vritis. Prmtrs Vritis Kokuso-27 Sh2xlunlog Arnly Kryngppong Knv-2 Lvigt L.S.D Consum oo AD AD% ECI% ECD% Tl 4: Consumption iiny o 5 th instr lrv on six mulrry vritis. Prmtrs Vritis Consum oo Kokuso-27 Sh2xlunlog Arnly Kryngppong Knv-2 Lvigt L.S.D AD AD% ECI% ECD% AD = Approximt Digst. AD (%) = Approximt Digstiility Prnt. ECI% = Eiiny o onvrsion o ingst oo to oy sustns. ECD% = Eiiny o onvrsion o oo igst to oy mttr. - Eh mn out o 3 rplits. - Mns ollow y th sm lttr in th sm row r not signiintly irnt (P > 0.01). 58

5 A. El-Bnn t l. /Egy. J. Pur & Appl. Si. 51 (2013) g) n (2.982g, 2.999g n 3.235g) uring 4 th n 5 th lrvl instrs, rsptivly. In similr stuis, Kumr n Kumr [14] lso oun irn in mounts o oo ingst n in igstiility whn ing silkworms on irnt vritis o mulrry lvs. II-5-3- Approximt Digstiility (A.D%): Th pproximt igstiility (A.D%) ws omput or ll th mulrry vritis uring th 4 th n 5 th lrvl instrs n th highst prntg ws shown in Lvigt (55.56%) ollow y Knv-2 (45.03%), Kryng-ppong (40.383%), n Arnly (37.906%), whil th lst (A.D%) ws shown in Sh2xlunlog (30.693%) n Kokuso-27 (28.356%) uring th 4 th lrvl instr (Tl 3). Th sm trn ws noti uring 5 th lrvl instr whr th (A.D.%) ror , , , , n % with Lvigt, Knv-2, Kryng-ppong, Arnly, Sh2xlunlog n Kokuso-27, rsptivly (Tl 4). In gnrl, igstiility is n importnt tor to put in onsirtion whn rring th silkworm or silk proution. Furthrmor, igstiility is t y nutritionl iiny or imln it, high ontnt o ru ir or iiny o wtr in oo [15]. II-5-4- Eiiny o onvrsion o oo ingst to oy sustn (E.C.I%): Th iiny o onvrsion o ingst ry mttr to oy sustn is n ovrll initor o th inst ility to utiliz ingst oo or growth [16]. Th E.C.I% ir in s o th vrious mulrry vritis, inrsing rom to % s shown in Tls (3&4). Th E.C.I% vri signiintly n ws oun to mximum in Kokuso %, Sh2xlunlog (23.43%), Arnly (21.513%), Kryngppong (20.826%), Knv-2 (20.24%) n Lvigt (18.033%). (Tl 3). During th 5 th instr, E.C.I vlus wr (17.996%) or Kokuso-27, (17.58%) or Sh2xlunlog, (17.046%) or Arnly, (16.961%) or Kryng-ppong, (15.608) or Knv-2 n (10.915%) or Lvigt. (Tl 4). II-5-5- Eiiny o onvrsion o igst oo to oy sustn (E.C.D%): Th iiny o onvrsion o igst oo into oy mttr (E.C.D%) vri signiintly mong th irnt mulrry vritis to th silkworm. Th highst iiny o onvrsion (84.44%) ws otin whn lrv wr on Kokuso-27 whil th lowst ws oun in lrv on Lvigt (32.46%). In s o Sh2xlunlog, Arnly, Kryng-ppong n Knv- 2, ths vlus wr (76.443%, %, 51.6% n %), rsptivly, uring th 4 th lrvl instr (Tl 3). During th 5 th lrvl instr, (E.C.D) vlus ollow th sm trn o th 4 th instr. Howvr, thr ws no signiin twn Kokuso-27 n Sh2xlunlog roring (78.336, , , 56.01, n %) or Kokuso-27, Sh2xlunlog, Arnly, Kryng-ppong, Knv-2 n Lvigt, rsptivly (Tl 4). Gnrlly, th onvrsion o ingst oo n igst oo into oy mttr ws lowst in Lvigt vrity. Sht t l. [13] vlut th t o thr irnt mulrry vritis (Ihinos, Kokuso-20 n Goshormi) on thr silkworm rs. Thy oun tht thr ws irn in nutritionl prmtrs suh s, iiny o onvrsion o ingst oo n igst oo into oy mttr, l ingst, l igst, pproximt igstiility, growth rt, onsumption inx n oiint o mtolism. Rrns 1) Bri, M.A., Islm, R. n Slm, M.A. (1985). Fing t o 3- mulrry vritis on Nistri r o silkworm (Bomyx mori L.). Bnglsh J. Zool., 13(1): ) Mrishtty, V.G. n Ry, G.S. (1998). Ativity o 3- phosphoglyrt hyrogns in rtin rs o th silkworm, Bomyx mori L. Inin J. Sri..37(2): ) Qr, M.A., Hqu, R., Asr, N. (1992). Nutritiv ts o irnt typs o mulrry lvs on lrvl growth n ooon hrtrs o Bomyx mori L. Pk. J. Zool. 24(4): ) Grmnò, M.P., D'Anglo, V., Ctni, S., Mino, T.C., Prn, V., Frgò, S., Cppllozz, L., n Cppllozz, S. (2008). Phnoli ontnt o lvs o irnt mulrry ultivrs t growth in th silkworm. Pro. o XXI Int. Sri. Comm. (ISC) Congr. Athns ) Wlur, G.P. (1968). Th onsumption n utiliztion o oo y insts. Av. Inst physiol., 5: ) Znnoon, A., Hssn, Emn M.M., El-Akk, S.S., Al-Ni, I.M., n Zlt, S.M. (2008). Biologil n thnologil ts o mulrry vritis n nutritionl itivs on silkworm Bomyx mori vlopmnt. Egyptin Journl o Biology, (10): ) Mnon, G.A., Mrhini, L.C. n Mo, L.P.M. (2010). Cooon proution o th silkworm, Bomyx mori L. (Lpioptr: Bomyi), on lvs o mulrry hyris, Cting, 23(3): ) Krimullh, Q.J., Ahm, M.I., Hiz, I.A., Ashiq, M.N. n Shh, M.F. (1989). Et o som vritis o mulrry on th vlopmnt o Bomyx mori L. n ooon qulity. Srh Journl o Agriultur, 5(5): ) Porto, A.J. n Okmoto, F. (2000). Utiliztion systms o two mulrry ultivrs in two phss o vgttiv vlopmnt in th silkworm (Bomyx mori L.) prormn. Boltim Inustri Animl, 57(2): ) Sujth, P., Prs, P.R. n Ro, N.V. (2000). Inlun o irnt mulrry vritis on lrvl, 59

6 A. El-Bnn t l. /Egy. J. Pur & Appl. Si. 51 (2013) ooon n post-ooon prmtrs o Bomyx mori L. Pst Mngmnt n Eonomi Zoology, 8(2): ) Lkshmipthi, T.H., Krishnpp, Nrynswmy, T.K., Gngpp, E. (2005). Estlishing rltion twn shp inx on lrvl n silk trits o silkworm Bomyx mori L. Environmnt n Eology, 23S(4): ) Vnktsh, M. n Ryr, S.G. (2005). Rring prormn o nw multivoltin x ivoltin hyris o silkworm, Bomyx mori L. on two mulrry vritis unr Dhrw onitions. Krntk J. Agri. Si. Univrsity o Agriulturl Sins, Dhrw, Ini, 18(3): ) Sht, A., Mlik, M.A., Firos A., Soi, A.M. n Mir, M.R. (2011). Nutritionl iiny o slt silkworm rs o Bomyx mori L. rr on irnt vritis o mulrry unr tmprt limt o Kshmir. Arin J. Agr. Rs. 6(1): ) Kumr, J.S. n Kumr, N.S. (2011). Proution Eiiny o Cooon Shll o Silkworm, Bomyx mori L. (Bomyi: Lpioptr), s n Inx or Evluting th Nutritiv Vlu o Mulrry, Morus sp. (Mor), Vritis. Artil ID ) Wlur, G.P. (1964). Th onsumption, igstion n utiliztion o solnous n nonsolnous plnts y lrv o th too hornworm, Protopr xtr (Lpioptr: Sphinigi). Entomol. Exp. Appl., 7: ) Mhmou, S.M. (1988). Ativtion o silk srtion y Silkworms, Philosmi riini n Bomyx mori L. tr pplying ntiiotis. Ph. D. thsis, Fulty o Agriultur, Ciro Univrsity. 60