University of Uludag, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bursa, Turkey

Transcription

1 207 Bulrin Journl o Ariulturl Sin, 18 (No 2) 2012, Ariulturl Amy Slt tolrn urin vttiv rowth in ross o tomto n t o ytoplsm in rspons to slt tolrn A. Turhn 1 * n V. Sniz 2 1 Univrsity o Ulu, Dprtmnt o Ariultur n Animl Sin, Mustkmlps Votionl Shool, Burs, Turky 2 Univrsity o Ulu, Dprtmnt o Hortiultur, Fulty o Ariultur, Burs, Turky Astrt Turhn, A. n V. Sniz, Slt tolrn urin vttiv rowth in ross o tomto n t o ytoplsm in rspons to slt tolrn. Bul. J. Ari. Si., 18: Th im o th prsnt stuy ws th trmintion o slt tolrn irns mon tomto rosss y usin morpholoil, physioloil prmtrs n th intiition ytoplsm rlt to slt tolrn mhnisms urin th vttiv sts o tomto. In th stuy, slt tolrnt (,, ) n slt snsitiv (, ) tomto notyps wr us s plnt mtril. Riprol rosss wr m twn slt tolrnt n slt snsitiv tomto notyps. Cross omintions wr xpos to 0 (ontrol), 8 n 12 S m -1 NCl or 40 ys. At th n o th xprimnt, th lvls o l, stm n ry root wihts n C 2+, K + n N + onntrtions wr trmin. Th rltionships twn th lvls o slinity n root, stm, l umultion; n twn K +, C 2+, N + n root, stm n ry l wihts wr invstit. C 2+ /N + n K + /N + rtios wr lso lult. A tolrn inx ws lult or vry sinl notyp in root, stm n l ry wihts n in th K + /N + n C 2+ /N + prmtrs o ths orns. In this stuy, tolrn inx wr us s slt slt tolrnt tomto rosss t irnt slt onntrtions. Thr ws lr vrition in root, stm n l ry wiht n K + /N +, C 2+ /N + TI mon 12 ross omintions unr inrsin slinity. Th hihst tolrn inx vlus wr nrlly otin rom th omintion o tolrnt notyps (, n ) n snsitiv notyp. Cytoplsm is nothr tor tht plys n importnt rol in th slt tolrn. Gnrlly, in riprol rosss wr m twn slt tolrnt n slt snsitiv tomto notyps;,, n ytoplsm positivly t tolrn inx vlus n mns whih thy wr lss t y slinity. Ky wors: tomto, notyps, rossin, slt tolrn, ytoplsm Introution Slinity ts lmost vry spt o th physioloy n iohmistry o plnts n siniintly rus yil. As slin soils n slin wtrs r ommon roun th worl, rt ort hs n vot to unrstnin physioloil spts o tolrn to slinity in plnts, s sis or plnt *Corrsponin uthor: E-mil: turhn@ulu.u.tr

2 208 A. Turhn n V. Sniz rrs to vlop slinity-tolrnt notyps. In spit o this rt ort, only smll numr o ultivrs, prtilly tolrnt to slinity, hv n vlop (Curtro t l., 2006). Ovr th yrs, plnt rrs hv vlop vry proutiv ultivrs o hih qulity, rsistnt to isss n pt to th mns o th mrkt n o inustry (Grnillo t l., 1999). Nw ultivrs r or slt tolrn hs to not only slt tolrnt, ut lso hiv th sm ttriuts o proutivity n qulity sn in morn ultivrs (Curtro t l., 2006). Th ultivt tomto (Lyoprsion sulntum Mill.) is in th mily Soln n is wily istriut nnul vtl rop. Tomto is lso vlul or rin stuis, us mkin rosss twn wil n ultivt tomto plnts is simpl n its wil rltivs provi rih rmplsm pool. Currntly, th tomto rop is rown in wi vrity o limts rnin rom th tropis to within w rs o th Arti Cirl (Fool, 2004). Tomto proution hs n limit y hih lvl o slinity in th soil or irrition wtr. Tomto is snsitiv to mort lvls o slinity lik most rop plnts. All sts o plnt vlopmnt inluin s rmintion, vttiv rowth n rproution show snsitivity to slt strss n onomi yil is ru unr slt strss (Jons t l., 1986; Ms, 1986; Bolrin t l., 1993). Most rsrh on tomto slt tolrn urin vttiv st ws ous minly on th physioloil rsponss to slt strss (Fool, 2004). Thr is positiv orrltion twn tomto yil n plnt siz urin vttiv rowth unr slt strss (Bolrin t l., 1993; Pstrnk t l., 1979), initin th importn o slt tolrn urin th vttiv st. Slinity strss rsults in lr stuntin o plnts (Hrnnz t l., 1995; Chrin t l., 1999; Tkmur t l., 2002). Slt strss lso rsults in onsirl rs in th rsh n ry wihts o lvs, stms, n roots (Hrnnz t l., 1995; AliDinr t l., 1999; Chrtzoulkis n Klpki, 2000). Inrsin slinity is ompni y siniint rutions in shoot wiht, plnt hiht, n numr o lvs pr plnt, root lnth, n root sur r pr plnt in tomto. Hih slinity in th root zon svrly imps norml plnt rowth n vlopmnt, rsultin in ru rop proutivity or rop ilur (Fool, 2004). Th physil rowth prmtrs suh s shoot rsh n ry wiht, root rsh n ry wiht r mor orrlt with rop slt tolrn t rly rowth sts n n us s srnin/sltion ritri (Irhim, 2003). Bolrin t l. (1991), Fool (1996) hv init tht shoot rowth unr slinity rltiv to ontrol is th st prtil initor o slt tolrn in tomto. Th lttr stuy sust tht tissu ion ontnt n ion sltivity wr oo sltion ritri or rin or slt tolrn in tomto (Ahsn t l., 2000). Potssium sltivity ovr N + ws lso rport s oo initor o slt tolrn in stuy o svrl notyps o th ultivt n wil spis o tomto (Curtro t l., 1992). Slinity tolrn is ntilly ontroll n trnsmittl mon notyps. Whol plnt prormn miht mor usul sltion ritri or slinity tolrn thn usin sinl trit hih K + /N + rtio, Low N +. Aorin to Fool (1997) nlysis o th prntl, ilil n kross popultions o ross twn slt-snsitiv tomto lin (UCT5) n slt-tolrnt primitiv ultivr (PI174263) init tht rowth unr slt strss ws positivly orrlt with l C 2+ ontnt n ntivly orrlt with l N + ontnt (Fool,, 1997). Gnrtion mns nlysis o ths popultions init tht unr slt strss, umultion o oth N + n C 2+ in th l ws ntilly ontroll with itivly in th mjor nti omponnt. Th rltionship twn slt tolrn n l ion omposition in th ultivt n thr wil spis o tomto prompt Srn t l. (1993) to onlu tht ry mttr proution

3 Slt Tolrn Durin Vttiv Growth in Cross o Tomto n Et o Cytoplsm unr slt strss ws positivly orrlt with K + / N + rtio. Th ntis o physioloil hrtrs tothr with othr tolrn omponnts rlt to mtoli nss inst slinity hv to stui in orr to vn th rin o notyps tolrnt to slinity (Curtro t l., 2006). Two mjor pprohs hv n propos n mploy to minimiz th ltrious ts o hih soil/wtr slinity in riultur (Epstin t l., 1980). First, thnoloil pproh o implmntin lr ninrin shms or rlmtion, rin n irrition with hih-qulity wtr. Althouh this pproh hs n tiv in som rs, th ssoit osts r hih n it otn provis only tmporry solution to th prolm. Th son pproh, ntilly moiyin omstit rops y rin n sltion or improv slt tolrn. Brin or slttolrnt notyps tht n row mor iintly thn th onvntionl vritis unr slin onitions (Fool, 2004). Th purpos o this stuy ws th trmintion o slt tolrn irns mon tomto rosss y usin morpholoil, physioloil prmtrs n th intiition ytoplsm rlt to slt tolrn mhnisms urin th vttiv sts o tomto. Mtrils n Mthos Th invstitions wr onut unr rnhous onitions t th prtmnt o Hortiultur n Soil Sins t Ulu Univrsity. Two xprimnts ( ) hv n onut with tomto notyps. Gnti mtrils: As nti mtril, iv tomto (Lyoprsion sulntum Mill.) notyps wr us. Tomto notyps ollt rom irnt prts o Turky n mintin y An Ariultur Rsrh Institut, Izmir. Crosss: Riprol rosss wr m twn slt tolrnt (,, ) n slt snsitiv (, ) tomto notyps, Lyoprsion sulntum Mill. Plnts rom thos notyps hv n rown unr rnhous onitions n kpt until lowrin n hrvstin unr optiml nutritionl onitions. Mnul rosss hv n rri out usin slt tolrnt s polln onor n slt snsitiv (, ) tomto notyps s polln rptor. Polln rom h notyp ws ollt y rkin n mixin t lst tn mtur nthr ons in Ptri ish. Th lowr o th ml prtnr ws msult just or nthsis. Pollintion ws m y ruin th polln otin on th sur o th stim o th msult lowr (Yornov t l., 1983; Shinohr, 1989). Growth vlution n slt strss trtmnt: twlv rosss s wr initilly rmint in ornilly nrih pt with vrmiulit ovr to ilitt rtions, in opn plsti trys. Th vr rnhous tmprturs wr 17 n 25 o C t niht n y, rsptivly, ut th tmosphri humiity ws mintin t 70%. 35 ys tr rmintion, slins (3 4 tru l) wr trnsplnt into 14m plsti pots ill with pt: prlit (1:1 on volum sis) homonous mixtur. Th trnsplnt plnts wr trnsrr to th rnhous. Th slins wr rown in pt/prlit pproximtly or 40 ys. Whn th plnts h vlop 3 4 tru lvs (35 ys tr trnsplntin), pplitions o Holn solution ontinin 0 (ontrol), 8 n 12 S m -1 NCl wr strt vi rip irrition. Plnts wr irrit with thir rsptiv solution 1 2 tims pr y. It ws ttmpt to kp th quntity o rin wtr t 30 40% o th mount o nutrint solution ppli. Th ltril onutivity in th nvironmnt (pot, wtr, soil) ws rsptivly 1.5 S m -1 (ontrol), 8±0.5 S m -1 n 12±0.6 S m -1. Th slt lvl ws rully inrs ovr 4 ys to voi osmoti shok. Plnts wr rown in ontroll rnhous with y/niht vr tmprtur o 28.3 o C, vr rltiv humiity o 70.4%, n vr

4 210 A. Turhn n V. Sniz photoprio o 16 h. Th xprimnts wr onut with 3 rplits. Thr ws on plnt in h pot (1 l), with 4 pots in h rplit. Growth msurmnt: t th n o th xprimnts (orty ys tr trnsplntin), iniviul plnts rom oth slt strss n non-strss trtmnts wr hrvst n plnts wr sprt into root, stm n l. Plnt mtrils wr ovnri t 70 o C or two ys n ry wihts (DW) wr trmin (). Tissu ion nlysis: C 2+, K + n N + onntrtions wr lso msur on nitri-prhlori i ists o root, stm n l tissu y Eppnor Elx mol Flymotomtry. A C 2+ /N + n K + /N + rtio ws lult. In this stuy, Tolrn Inx (TI), vlop y LRos t l. (1989) is us to show nrl ttitu o notyps towrs NCl onntrtions, n, tr limintin irns, whih my rsult o notypi turs, only to ompr thir prormns inst slt onntrtions, whih r ppli. Tolrn Inx is lult or vry notyp on y on in root (DWTI), stm (DWTI) n l (DWTI) ry wihts n in C 2+ / N + n K + /N + prmtrs o ths orns. Tolrn Inx (TI) = n [X (Tx /T 0 )100] Whr n= numr o pplitions Tx= vlu o th prmtr s trmin on strss plnts T 0 = vlu o th prmtr s trmin on plnts without strss (ontrol) Sttistil nlysis: t wr nlyz usin MSTAT-C (vrsion 2.1, Mihin Stt Univrsity, 1991) n Minit 14.0 sotwr. Anlysis o vrin (ANOVA) ws onut n siniin o irns mon trtmnt ws tst usin th lst siniint irn (LSD). Dirns wr lr siniint t P<0.05 proility lvls y th F tst. Th F-prott LSD lult t 0.05 proility lvls. Rsults n Disussion Growth rspons In this stuy, th vlus o th ry wiht o th 12 tst tomto rosss wr oun to lowr with th ris o slinity lvl. Dt prsnt in Tl 1 shows tht th ry wiht oviously rs in ll ross omintions with slinity on omprin with ontrol. This similr to th rsult otin y Hjr t l. (2006), Mio t l. (2006), Li n Stnhllini (2001), Curtro n Frnnz-Munoz (1999). Furthrmor, thr is positiv orrltion twn tomto yil n plnt siz urin vttiv rowth unr slt strss (Bolrin t l., 1993; Pstrnk t l., 1979), initin th importn o slt tolrn urin th vttiv st. Th physil rowth prmtrs suh s rsh n ry shoot wiht, rsh n ry root wiht r mor orrlt with rop slt tolrn t rly rowth sts n n us s srnin/sltion ritri (Irhim, 2003). In xprimnt, tolrn Inx ws lult or vry sinl ross in root (DWTI), stm (DWTI) n l (DWTI) ry wihts prmtrs o ths orns. Anlysis o vrin rvl tht siniint irns mon th tst tomto rosss isply lr vrition in tolrn to trtmnts s on th Tolrn Inx (TI). Thr ws lr vrition in root, stm n l ry wiht TI twn 12 notyps unr inrsin slinity. Th rosss [ ] n [ x ] h th hihst root, stm DWTI n l DWTI t ll onntrtion lvls, rsptivly. It ws trmin tht th rosss, th most tolrnt towrs slt onntrtions, thus h th hihst TI. On ontrry, th lowst root, l DWTI n stm DWTI wr oun in [ x ] n [ ], rsptivly. Th [ x ] n [ ], howvr, wr lss unr slin onition ompr with th othr tn rosss (Tl 1, Fiur 1A, 1B, 1C).

5 Slt Tolrn Durin Vttiv Growth in Cross o Tomto n Et o Cytoplsm Ion umultion Slt strss uss xtnsiv physioloil n iohmil hns in plnt. Btwn ths hns, istriution in irnt orns o th plnt s intk o ions lik K +, C +2 n N + is mphsiz (Aziz t l., 1999). In nrl, C +2 n K + onntrtions rs with slinistions (Cruz, 1990). In onitions whih slt onntrtion is hih, th plnt ts mor N + ion thn it ns (Lvitt, 1980). Dspit N + ion hs no t on physioloil inints in th plnt, K + n C +2 ions ply ky rol. K + n N + ion umultion in tomto n plnt tissus is importnt in slt tolrn n N + ion inrss with slinity inrs, spit K + ion mount rss (Cruz t l., 2002; Dsn t l., 2002; Ysr, 2003). Also in rsrhs prorm on th sm sujt it is trmin tht, th tomto kins whih kp N + umultion limit n o whih K + /N + n C +2 /N + rtios r hih r slt tolrnt n this prmtr is rlil in slt tolrn (Rnl, 1992; Munns n Jms, 2003; Jun t l., 2005; Turhn t l., 2009). In ition tht, Physioloil ritri whih hv n sust or us s potntil initors o slt tolrn n in tomto inlu tissu wtr potntil, tissu ion ontnt, K + /N + rtio, (Fool, 2004; Ahsn t l., 2000). In this stuy, nlysis o vrin rvl tht siniint irns mon th tomto rosss or tissus (root, stm n l) K + /N + n C +2 /N +. In Tl 1 Dry wiht (DW, ) o vlus n thir Tolrn inx (TI) in root, stm, l tissu o tomto rosss, unr irnt NCl onntrtions Root DW Stm DW L DW Crosss Control 8 S 12 S m -1 m -1 TI Control 8 S 12 S m -1 m -1 TI Control 8 S 12 S m -1 m -1 TI x 4.05 h x h h x 4.01 h x x h Mns ollow y th sm lttr r sttistilly not siniint (Dunn s multipl rn tst, P=0.05)

6 212 A. Turhn n V. Sniz A Tolrn inx (TI) B Tolrn inx (TI) C Tolrn inx (TI) Tomto rosss R oot Tomto rosss S tm Tomto rosss L Fi. 1. Dry wihts Tolrn inx (TI) rspons o th tomto rosss on ontrol n 8, 12 S m -1 NCl onntrtions (A) root ry wiht tolrn inx, (B) stm ry wiht tolrn inx, (C) l ry wiht tolrn inx. Tomto ross omintions wr s ollows: 1 ( x ), 2 ( x ), 3 ( ), 4 ( ), 5 ( ), 6 ( ), 7 ( ), 8 ( ), 9 ( ), 10 ( x ), 11 ( x ), 12 ( x ) omprison with th ontrol plnts, tissus o slttrt plnts umult mor N + ut lss K + n C +2, rsultin in lowr K + /N + n C +2 /N + rtios. K + /N + n C +2 /N + rtios r trmin or th plnt s root, stm n l prts sprtly. Tomto rosss with hihr K + /N + n C +2 /N + rtios tn to rt in th hihr TI showin lss m n thos with lowr K + /N + n C +2 / N + in lss TI. K + /N + TI n C +2 /N + TI wr us to hrtriz th ovrll tolrnt o plnt to slinity. In root tissu, ross [ ] show th hihst root K + /N + TI n C +2 /N + TI. In ition this rsult, ross [ ], rw ttntion with root C +2 /N + TI tht is hihr thn othr rosss. It is ovious tht th [ ] n [ ] rosss show hih r o rspons to slinity onitions muh mor thn th othr tn rosss. On th ontrry, th lowst root K + /N + TI n C +2 /N + TI vlus wr trmin in [ x ] n [ x ] rosss, rsptivly (Tl 2 n Fiur 2A) n this omintions o [ X ] n [ X ] show low tolrn. Anothr plnt tissu on whih th t o slt strss wr osrv ws th stm. Similr rsults wr otin in stm K + /N + TI n C +2 /N + TI. As shown in Tl 3; ll o slt trtmnt, stm s hihst K + /N + TI n C +2 /N + TI vlus wr prsnt y th [ ] ross, th lowst in [ x ] (K + /N + TI) n [ x ] (C +2 /N +1 TI) (Fiur 2B). Th rltionship o TI with th onntrtions o NCl n us s n initor o slt tolrn. Aorin to Turhn n Sniz (2010), TI oul us s simpl n tiv mtho to slt slt tomto ultivrs. Ahsn t l. (2000) sust tht ion ontnt oul us s rin tool or sltin slttolrnt notyps. Thr or it is vry importnt to know th xtnt o vrition in N +, K + in lvs. In ition tht, L K + onntrtion n K + / N + rtio hv n th most stui prmtrs rlt to slt tolrn in tomto (Curtro t l.,

7 Slt Tolrn Durin Vttiv Growth in Cross o Tomto n Et o Cytoplsm ; Curtro n Frnnz-Munoz, 1999; Fool, 2004). In irnt tomto rosss stui in work, th hihst l K + /N + TI n C +2 /N + TI ppr in th [ ] ross, whrs th lowst wr prsnt y [ x ] n [ ], rsptivly. [ ] tomto ross v oo prormn whn it ws trt y NCl onntrtion (Tl 4 n Fiur 2C). Th t o ytoplsm on slt-tolrn In orr to osrv whthr thr is ytoplsmi t on slt tolrn or not, riprol rosss wr prpr with tolrnt, 40442, n snsitiv, tomto notyps. Cross omintions wr ppli with irnt slt onntrtion (ontrol, 8 n 12 S m -1 ). Atr th prti, th rt o K + /N + n C +2 /N +, ry wiht ws tt in root, stm n l tissu o omintions n Tolrn inx vlus o ths prmtrs wr lult. In this stuy, it ws tt tht ytoplsm hs irnt ts on irnt inx vlus. For xmpl, it ws tt tht ytoplsm os not hv n importnt t on ry wiht n root n l K + /N + TI - C +2 /N + TI, stm C +2 /N + TI prmtrs o tolrnt n snsitiv, whrs it hs importnt t on stm K + /N + TI prmtrs. In othr wors, it ws tt tht ytoplsm o notyp h positiv t on stm C +2 / N + TI (Tl 5). It ws oun tht ytoplsm hs no t on ry wiht, root n stm K + /N + TI prmtrs o [ x ] n [ x ] ross omintions otin rom notyp n snsitiv riprol mtril. Howvr, it ws tt tht ytoplsm hs quit importnt t on root, stm C +2 /N + TI, l K + /N + TI n C +2 / N + TI; n this positiv t is us y notyp in l K + /N + TI n C +2 /N + TI, stm C +2 /N + TI; n y notyp in root C +2 / N + TI (Tl 5). A B C Tolrn inx (TI) Tolrn inx (TI) Tolrn inx (TI) Tomto rosss K /N C /N Tomto rosss K /N C /N Tomto rosss K /N C /N Fi. 2. K + /N + n C 2+ /N + rtios Tolrn inx (TI) rspons o th tomto rosss on ontrol n 8, 12 S m -1 NCl onntrtions. (A) root K + /N + n C2 + /N + tolrn inx, (B) stm K + /N + n C2 + /N + tolrn inx, (C) l K + /N + n C2 + /N + tolrn inx. Tomto ross omintions wr s ollows: 1 ( x ), 2 ( x ), 3 (, 4 ( ), 5 ( ), 6 ( ), 7 ( ), 8 ( ), 9 ( ), 10 ( x ), 11 ( x ), 12 ( x )

8 214 A. Turhn n V. Sniz In nothr mtril, tolrnt notyp n snsitiv notyp wr riprol ross. It ws tt tht ytoplsm hs importnt ts on root n stm ry wiht vlus n root n l K + /N + n C +2 /N + TI vlus. It ws tt tht ths positiv ts wr spilly us rom th ytoplsm o notyp in root n stm ry wiht n K + /N + n C +2 / N + TI; n rom th ytoplsm o notyp in l K + /N + TI n C +2 /N + TI. Contrry to this, it ws tt tht ytoplsm hs no t on l ry wiht n stm K + /N + n C +2 /N + tolrn inx (Tl 5). Cytoplsm os not importnt t on root n stms ry wiht, K + /N + (root, stm, l) n C +2 /N + (l) tolrn inx; on rosss otin rom riprol mtril twn n tolrnt n snsitiv notyps. It n osrv rom Tl 5 tht ths positiv ts r us y ytoplsm in root, ry wiht n root K + /N + ; y notyp in stm; ry wiht n K + /N +, l; K + /N + n C +2 /N + tolrn inxs. With th riprol mtrils whih r tolrnt notyp n snsitiv notyps; omintions o [ ] n [ ] rosss wr otin. In ths omintions, it ws oun tht ytoplsm hs importnt ts on th prmtrs othr thn root n stm ry wiht n l K + /N + prmtrs. tol- Tl 2 Conntrtion o K +, C 2+, N +, K + /N +, C 2+ /N + n K + /N +, C 2+ /N + Tolrn inx (TI) in th root o th tomto rosss unr irnt NCl onntrtions Crosss x x x x x NCl Conntrtion (S m -1 ) Control 8 12 K + C +2 N + K + / N + C +2 / N + K + C +2 N + K + / N + C +2 / N + K + C 2+ N + K + / N + C 2+ / N + K + /N + C 2+ /N i h j 1.44 ij k-m 1.09 j-l kl 0.62 q-t 1.62 j-l 0.81 pq 1.66 jk 1.12 no 1.39 lm 1.29 mn 0.69 p-r 0.63 q-s 1.80 hi 0.90 l-o 2.12 h 0.96 k-n 1.29 j-k q-s 0.48 r-u 0.51 r-u 0.44 s-u 0.69 p-r 0.43 s-u 0.92 op 1.07 j-m op k-o 0.59 n-s 0.86 l-p q-s 0.55 r-u 1.61 u 0.38 tu 0.58 o-s Mns ollow y th sm lttr r sttistilly not siniint (Dunn s multipl rn tst, P=0.05) TI q-t m-r r-t l-r st l-q k-o n-s ns p-t t

9 Slt Tolrn Durin Vttiv Growth in Cross o Tomto n Et o Cytoplsm rnt notyp ytoplsm spilly hs spilly mor positiv t on l ry wiht, root n stm K + /N + n C +2 /N +, l C +2 /N + tolrn inx whn ompr with snsitiv notyp (Tl 5). Dirnt slt onntrtions wr onut on [ ] n [ x ] ross omintions otin rom riprol mtril twn tolrnt notyp n othr snsitiv notyp. It ws tt tht ytoplsm hs positiv ts on stm ry wiht, root n l tissus K + /N + n C +2 /N + tolrn inxs n this t ws us y notyp. On th othr hn, s it n osrv rom Tl 5; thr is no t o ytoplsm on root n l ry wiht, stm K + /N + n C +2 /N + tolrn inxs. It ws sn on th ntir ross omintions tht whil ytoplsm hs importnt t on n inx vlu, it os not hv suh importnt t on nothr inx vlu in th sm ross omintion. Thror usin only on inx vlu tht is tolrnt towrs slt woul show th t o ytoplsm on slt tolrn ttr. Conlusions In this stuy, th ry wiht oviously rs in ll rosss with slinity on omprin with ontrol. Th N + onntrtion o th 12 Tl 3 Conntrtion o K +, C 2+, N +, K + /N +, C 2+ /N + n K + /N +, C 2+ /N + Tolrn inx (TI) in th stm o th tomto rosss unr irnt NCl onntrtions Crosss x x x x x NCl Conntrtion (S m -1 ) Control 8 12 TI K + C +2 N + K + / N + C +2 / N + K + C +2 N + K + / N + C +2 / N + K + C 2+ N + K + / N + C 2+ / N + K + / N + C 2+ / N h h Mns ollow y th sm lttr r sttistilly not siniint (Dunn s multipl rn tst, P=0.05)

10 216 A. Turhn n V. Sniz Tl 4 Conntrtion o K +, C 2+, N +, K + /N +, C 2+ /N + n K + /N +, C 2+ /N + Tolrn inx (TI) in th l o th tomto rosss unr irnt NCl onntrtions NCl Conntrtion (S m -1 ) Crosss Control 8 12 TI K + C +2 N + K + / N + C +2 / N + K + C +2 N + K + / N + C +2 / N + K + C 2+ N + K + / N + C 2+ / N + K + /N + C 2+ / N + x x h h x x ı x Mns ollow y th sm lttr r sttistilly not siniint (Dunn s multipl rn tst, P=0.05) Tl 5 Et o notyps ytoplsm in rspons to slt tolrn (DW, Dry Wiht; TI, Tolrn Inx) Crosss Root Stm L Root Stm L DWTI DWTI DWTI K/NTI C/NTI K/NTI C/NTI K/NTI C/NTI 1) X ** ) X ) X ** ** ** ** 10) X ) X ** ** ** ** ** ** 8) X ) X ** ** ** ** ** ** 11) X ) X ** ** ** ** ** ** 9) X ) X ** ** ** ** ** 12) X Siniint twn roups - ** - t P<0.01

11 Slt Tolrn Durin Vttiv Growth in Cross o Tomto n Et o Cytoplsm tst tomto rosss ws inrs, whrs K +, C +2, N + n K + /N +, C +2 /N + onntrtion rs. Tolrn inx vlus wr lult orin to ths inins. In this stuy, tolrn inx us s slt tolrnt slt tolrnt tomto rosss t irnt slt onntrtions. Thr ws lr vrition in root, stm n l ry wiht n K + /N +, C +2 /N + TI mon 12 ross omintions unr inrsin slinity. Th hihst tolrn inx vlus wr nrlly otin rom th omintion o tolrnt notyps (, n ) n snsitiv notyp. For xmpl, hihst root, stm n l K + /N + TI, C +2 /N + TI vlus wr xtrt rom th [ x ], [ ] n [ ] rosss omintion. Similr to rsults wr otin rom DWTI. Cytoplsm is nothr tor tht plys n importnt rol in th slt tolrn. It n onlu tht rossin, in twn tolrnt n snsitiv tomto notyps positivly or ntivly t notyp ytoplsm. Ths t wr hn y th irnt tolrn inx vlus in us. Gnrlly, in riprol rosss wr m twn slt tolrnt n slt snsitiv tomto notyps;,, n ytoplsm positivly t tolrn inx vlus (root, stm, l; ry wiht, K + /N +, C +2 /N + onntrtion) n mns whih thy wr lss t y slinity. Rrns Ahsn, M., I. Khli n S. S. Mhi, Phsionti n rin spt o slinity tolrn in r wht: rviw. Pkistn Journl o Bioloil Sin, 3(9): AliDinr, H. M., G. Ert n P. Lurs, Growth, hlorophyll ontnt, photosynthsis n wtr rltions in uv unr slinity n irnt nitron supply. Grtnuwissnsht, 64: Aziz, A., J. Mrtin-Tnuy n F. Lrhr, Slt strss- inu prolin umultion n hns in tyrmin n polymin lvls r link to ioni justmnt tomto ls iss. Plnt Sin, Elsvir Sin Irln Lt. P Bolrin, M. C., F. G. Frnnz, V. Cruz n J. Curtro, Slinity tolrn in our wil tomto spis usin vttiv yil slinity rspons urvs. J. Amr. So. Hort. Si., 116, Bolrin, M. C., F. Prz-Alo, E. A. Cno, M T. Estn n M. Cro, Growth, ruit yil, n ion onntrtion in tomto notyps tr pr-mrn n post-mrn slt trtmnts. Journl o th Amrin Soity or Hortiulturl Sin, 118: Chrtzoulkis, K. n G. Klpki, Rspons o two rn hous pppr hyris to NCl slinity urin irnt rowth sts. Si. Horti., 86: Chrin, S., M. P. Ry n J. B. Pny, Stuis on slt tolrn in Avinni mrin (Forstk.) Virh.: t o NCl slinity on rowth, ion umultion n nzym tivity. Inin J. Plnt Physiol., 4: Cruz, A. S., M M. Roriuz, F. P. Alo, R. R. Arn n M. C. Bolrin, Th rootstok t on th tomto slinity rspons pns on th shoot notyp.plnt Sin, 162: Curtro, J., A. R. Yo n T. J. Flowrs, Sltion o onors or slt- tolrn in tomto usin physioloil trits. Nw Phytol., 121: Curtro, J. n R. Frnnz-Munoz, Tomto n slinity. Si. Hortiultur, 78: Curtro, J., M. C. Bolrin, M. J. Asins n V. Morno, Inrsin slt tolrn in th tomto. Journl o Exprimntl Botny, 5: Dsn, H.Y., H. Akts, K. Ak, I. Ckmk, Dtrmintion o srnin thniqus to slt tolrn in tomtos n invstition o notyp rsponss. Plnt Sin, 163: Epstin, E., J. D. Noryln, D. W. Rush, R. W. Kinury, D. B. Klly, G. A. Cunninhm n A. F. Wron, Slin ultur o rops: A Gnti Approh Sin, 210: Fool, M. R., Anlysis o rspons n orr-

12 218 A. Turhn n V. Sniz lt rspons to sltion or slt tolrn urin rmintion in tomto. J. Am. So. Hort. Si., 121: Fool M.R., T. Stoltz, C. Drvinis, R.L. Roriuz n R.A. Jons, Mppin QTLs onrrin tolrn urin rmintion in tomto y sltiv notypin. Mol. Br., 3: Fool M. R., Rnt vns in ntis o slt tolrn in tomto. Rviw o Plnt Biothnoloy n Appli Gntis, 76: Hjr, A. S., A. A. Mliri, H. S. Al Zhrni, O. A. Almhri, Rsponss o thr tomto ultivrs to s wtr slinity. I. Et o Slinity on th Slin Growth. Arin J. o Bioth., 5 (10): Hrnnz, J. A., E. Olmos, F. J. Corps, F. Svill n L. A. Dl Rio, Slt-inu oxitiv strss in hloroplsts o p plnts. Plnt Si., 105: Irhim, M., Slt tolrn stuis on otton. M. S. Thsis, Institut o Soil & Environmntl Sins. Univ. Ari., Fisl, Pkistn. Jun, M., M. Ros, L. R. Rivro n M. R. Jun, Evlution o som nutritionl n iohmil initors in sltin slt-rsistnt tomto ultivrs. Environ. n Exprim. Botny, 54: Jons, R. A., Hih slt tolrn potntil in Lyoprsion spis urin rmintion. Euphyti, 35: Grnillo, S., D. Zmir n S. D. Tnksly, Gnti improvmnt o prossin tomtos: 20 yrs prsptiv. Euphyti, 110: LRos, P. C., N. K. Sinh, P. M. Hsw n R. A. Brssn, Stl NCl Tolrn o Too Cll is Assoit with Enhn Aumultion o Osmotin. Plnt Physiol., 91(5): Lvitt, J., Rsponss o Plnts to Environmntl Strsss. 2 n n. Ami Prss, Nw York. Li, Y. L. n C. Stnhllini, Anlysis o th Et o EC n Potntil Trnspirtion on Vttiv Growth o Tomto. Sinti Hortiultur, 89 (1): Ms, E. V., Slt tolrn o plnts. Appl. Ari. Rs., 1: Mio, A., G. Rimoni, A. Mrtino n S. Psl, Slt rspons in tomto yon th slinity tolrn thrshol. Environmntl n Exprimntl Botny. Dprtmnt o Ariulturl Eninrin n Aronomy o th Univrsity o Npls Frio II, Itly, 11: Munns, R. n R. A. Jms, Srnin mthos or slinity tolrn: s stuy with ttrploi wht. Plnt Soil, 253: Pstrnk, D., M. Twrsky n Y. DMllh, Slt rsistn in riulturl rops. In: Mussll H & Stpls RC (s) Strss Physioloy in Plnts. Wily, Nw York. Rnl, Z., Th rol o lium in slt toxiity. Plnt Cll n Environmnt. 15: 625:632. Srn, Y., D. Zmir, A. Mrni n J. Ruih, Brin tomtos or slt tolrn: vrition in ion onntrtion ssoit with rspons to slinity. J. Am. So. Hort. Si., 118: Shinohr, S., Vtls S Proution Thnoloy o Jpn Eluits with Rsptiv Vrity Dvlopmnt Historis, Prtiulrs. Shinohr s Authoriz Ariulturl Consultin Eninr Oi, Shinw-ku Tokyo, 283 p. Tkmur, T., N. Hnt, Z. Duinsky n I. Kru, Molulr hrtriztion n rspons to slt strss o mrnas noin ytosoli Cu/Zn suproxi ismuts n tls rom Bruuir ymnorrhiz. Trs-Strut. Funt., 16: Turhn, A., V. Sniz n H. Kusu, Gnotypi vrition in th rspons o tomto to slinity. Arin Journl Bioth., 8(6): Turhn, A. n V. Sniz, Slt tolrn o som tomto notyps rown in Turky. Journl o Foo, Ariultur & Environmnt., 8(3 & 4): Ysr, F., Invstition o som ntioxint nzym tivitis in plnt notyps rown unr slt strss invitro n invivo. E. Üni. Zir. Fk. Bhç Bit. Böl. (Doktor Tzi) S: 139 pp. Yornov, N. A., L. A. Shtrv, M. M. Krulv, V. G. Sotirov n B. D. Dimitrov, Inu Anronsis in Tomto (Lyoprsion sulntum Mill.) III. Chrtriztion o th Rnrnts. Plnt Cll Rports, 22(7): Riv April, 18, 2011; pt or printin Dmr, 2, 2011.