Effect of Salinity Stress on Seed Germination Catharanthus roseus Don. Cvs. Rosea and Alba

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1 Asin Journl of Agriulturl Sins 4(2): , 212 ISSN: Mxwll Sintifi Orgniztion, 212 Sumitt: Novmr 21, 211 Apt: Dmr 27, 211 Pulish: Mrh 26, 212 Efft of Slinity Strss on S Grmintion Cthrnthus rosus Don. Cvs. Ros n Al Zhr Rz, Mhrngiz Chhrzi n Norollh Molmi Dprtmnt of Hortiultur, Fulty of Agriultur, Shhi Chmrn Univrsity of Ahvz, Irn Astrt: This xprimnt ws rri out iming to trmin th Cthrnthus rosus Don rsistn ginst slinity, u to th inrsing slinity of soil, n th importn of this plnt s n ornmntl flowr, s wll s th littl informtion vill on its tolrn ginst slinity uring th grmintion prio. In orr to n xprimnt ws onut in rnomiz ompltly sign ftoril. Soium hlori ws us for inu slinity strss. Ths ftors inlu ultivr n slinity lvls with Eltril Conutivity (EC) of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, n 1 S/m. Th rsults of vrin nlysis show tht slinity fft t lvl 1% on th grmintion prntg, grmintion rt, ril n plumul lngth, sling wt n ry wight n rtio of plumul lngth to ril lngth wr signifint n thy wr ru. Whil th ultivr n intrtion of ultivr n slinity trtmnts wr non signifint. Aoring to th rsults, rspons of two ultivrs to th slinity ws th sm n thr ws no iffrn twn thm. Ky wors: Cthrnthus rosus Don, grmintion, slinity strss, soium hlori INTRODUCTION Mgsr priwinkl (Cthrnthus rosus Don.) is n ornmntl, mil plnt longing to th Apoyn fmily. This fmily ontins 114 gnr n 46 spis tht most of thm r oth ornmntl with mil vlu (Simpson, 26). Mgsr priwinkl is wrm sson, prnnil, ol-snsitiv plnt whih oul prsrv givn its propr onitions. It oul plnt s mrginl flowr in grns uring spring n in utumn it woul prish u to th ol wthr. It hs xtn, llipsoi, glossy, rk-grn olor lvs n its vins r light olor whih is hlpful in its intifition. Th flowrs hv fiv ptls with pink, whit, r, n purpl olors (Ghsmi Ghhsr n Kfi, 29). In hortiultur it is onsir s n nnul plnt (Khlighi, 28). Thr iffrnt ultivrs of this flowr r isrimint y thir olors inluing Ros with pink flowrs, Al with whit flowrs n th thir on hs whit flowrs with pink or yllow rings (Kmoj, 2). Mgsr priwinkl is known s mil plnt whih ontins numr of trpnoi inol lklois with mor thn 13 sprt n intifi ompouns (Vn r hjn t l., 24). It is tgoriz s glyophyt plnt (Jll t l., 27). Grmintion is on th most snsitiv stgs of its growth yl, sin this stg plys mjor rol in trmining th plnt s finl nsity. During slinity n moistur strsss onitions, plnt s grmintion fft on trmining th plnt s finl nsity is of utmost importnt (Hmpson t l., 199). Th high slt onntrtion in soil my imp th grmintion; ss grmint whnvr th propr tmprtur n soil onitions r stlish (Ungr, 1996). Hlophyt n non-hlophyt plnts ss in it similr rsponss to slinity strss; inluing lys in primry grmintion pross y this strss (Almnsouri, 21). Th fft of soium hlori on s grmintion is u to osmoti ffts n/or ions toxiity (To, 24). In hlophyts, th rs in grmintion usully is u to osmoti ffts whil this hppns u to ion toxiity in non-hlophyts (Bjji, 22). Rsrhs show tht thr is lin in grmintion prntg of Al n Ros ultivrs of Mgsr priwinkl s th slinity inrss, in suh wy tht thr is lrg rs in grmintion t 6 mm of slt onntrtion whih is mor signifint in Ros ultivr. Also y inrsing slinity intnsity, th lngth of ril n plumul rss (Griv n Munns, 198). In n invstigtion on Bogol vrity of Mtriri hmomill L. grmintion it ws osrv tht inrsing th mount of slinity, th grmintion prntg signifintly rss, s in 2 n 2 mm onntrtions, th grmintion ws rs to 29 n 17%, rsptivly (Zht Slmsi, 28). Inrsing th slinity lvl rss th grmintion prntg in vlrin n umin plnts. As for vlrin, th grmintion prntg rs y 67.91% in 1 m M slinity trtmnt in omprison with th ontrol trtmnt. Th grmintion for umin gnotyps (Mshh, Sryn n Tort - Jm ) in it Corrsponing Author: Zhr Rz, Dprtmnt of Hortiultur, Fulty of Agriultur, Shhi Chmrn Univrsity of Ahvz, Irn 117

2 Asin J. Agri. Si., 4(2): , 212 Tl 1. Vrin nlysis of proprtis unr slinity strss in Cthrnthus rosus Don Mn squr Wt Dry Lngth of Grmintion Grmintion Plumul wight of wight of plumul Sour.f prntg rt lngth sling sling to ril Cultivr ns.1 ns.39 ns.1 ns. ns.33 ns Slinity ** ** 3.37**.37**.1** 11.91** Cultivr Slinity ns.119 ns.8 ns.1 ns. ns.8 ns Error ns (%)C.V **. Signifint in lvl %1; ns: non signifint rsptivly rss y 1, 9.24, n 93.94% in 2 mm of soium hlori trtmnt (Slmi t l., 2). Th fft of iffrnt slinity lvls us y soium hlori on grmintion prntg, ril n plumul lngths, n grmintion rt ws invstigt n it ws foun tht soium hlori rss th xmin hrtristis (Tjkhsh, 2). This xprimnt ws rri out iming to trmin th Mgsr priwinkl s rsistn ginst slinity, onsiring th slin soil of th Khuzstn rgion n th importn of this plnt s n ornmntl flowr, s wll s th littl informtion vill on its tolrn ginst slinity uring th grmintion prio. MATERIALS AND METHODS This xprimnt ws rri out s ftoril in form of rnomiz ompltly sign with thr rplitions, in orr to invstigt th fft of slinity strss us y soium hlori on grmintion omponnts of two ultivrs of Mgsr priwinkl flowr. Ths ftors inlu ultivr n slinity lvls with Eltril Conutivity (EC) of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, n 1 S/m. First, th ss wr isinft using soium hypohlorit for 1 min n thn wr wsh svrl tims with istill wtr. Aftr strilizing th ptri ishs n spifying th trtmnts, ss pl twn two shts of filtr pprs (striliz using utolv) wr put insi th ptri ishs, n ml of th solutions with th sir EC ws to h of thm. Thn th ptri ishs wr trnsfrr to th grmintor t 34±1ºC (Jll t l., 27). Th ss wr xmin ily n ss with notil rils wr ount s th grmint ss. At th xprimnt s lst y, th lngths of rils n plumuls wr msur. Also th grmintion prntg (Cmrto n M rty, 1999) n grmintion rt (Mguirw, 1962) wr lult using th following qutions: G %GP 1 N G: Th numr of grmint ss; N: Th totl numr of ss S GR i n 1 D i i Grmintion prntg (%) Slinity lvl (S/m NCl) Fig. 1: Efft of slinity strss on th grmintion prntg of Mgsr priwinkl S i : Th numr of grmint ss in h ount; D i : Counting th numr of ys n; n: Frquny ounts. Sttistil nlysis: Th sttistil nlysis ws prform using th MSTATC softwr n th igrms wr rwn using th EXCEL softwr. Also, th Dunn s multipl rng tst ws ppli for th vrgs omprison t lvl of 1%. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Th rsults from th vrin nlysis Tl1 show tht th fft of ultivr n lso th intrtion of ultivr n slinity lvl on th grmintion prntg n grmintion rt, ril n plumul lngth, sling wt n ry wight n rtio of plumul lngth to ril lngth wr not signifint, whil th slinity strss lvls h signifint fft on th hrtristis n wr signifint t th lvl of 1%. Efft of slinity strss on th grmintion prntg n grmintion rt: Figur 1 inits tht th iffrnt lvls of slinity strss us y soium hlori slt rs th grmintion prntg. Th mximum s grmintions ourr t th lvls of 1 (96%) n 2 (94.6%) S/m n ths two lvls h no signifint iffrn, th minimum grmintion is rlt to th 1 S/m lvl whih us signifint rs, sin th grmintion ropp from 96 to 13%. Th slinity uring grmintion prio imposs mgs to 118

3 Asin J. Agri. Si., 4(2): , 212 Grmintion (s in ys) Slinity lvl (S/m NCl) Fig. 2: Efft of slinity strss on th grmintion rt of Mgsr priwinkl Plumul lngth (m) Slinity lvl (S/m NCl) Fig. 3: Efft of slinity strss on th plumul lngth of Mgsr priwinkl ll mmrns, spilly to th ytoplsm mmrn, n onsquntly inrss th lls prmility u to rpling C + with N + whih ultimtly inrss th K + losss (Tkl, 2). Th rs grmintion prntg of plnts in ition to th osmosis fft whih rss sorption u to th ions spifi toxiity lso oul us y th nutrints sorption isorr (Pnuls t l., 1997). Th grmintion rt hs lso n influn y slinity strss, s y inrsing th mount of slinity, it rss. Figur 2 inits tht th mximum grmintion rt is rlt to th 1 S/m lvl (22.8) n th minimum hs ourr in th 1 S/m lvl (1.23). Hr, ll th slinity strss lvls show signifint iffrns with h othr t th lvl of 1%. Th rson for rs grmintion rt n grmintion prntg oul u to th xtnsiv prsn of nions n tions. This prsn, in ition to th inrs in toxiity, though solul in wtr, rss th wtr s potntil, so tht spit wtr prsn in th nvironmnt, plnts r unl to sor wtr n r f with sort of wtr fiit, sin th wtr s rtion pity is oupi y ions (Singh t l., 1988). Efft of slinity strss on th plumul n ril lngth: Slinity us rs in th plumul lngth. From Fig. 3 it oul osrv tht th slinity strss f Ril lngth (Cm) Slinity lvl (S/m Nl) Fig. 4: Efft of slinity strss on th ril lngth of Mgsr priwinkl rss plumul lngth. Th mximum plumul lngth ourr in 1 n 2 S/m lvl n th minimum is rlt to th highst slinity lvl (1 S/m) whih rs from.9 to.3 m. All th slinity lvls show signifint iffrns t th lvl of 1%. Th slinity strss rs th ril lngth, ut th signifint iffrns r lowr thn th plumul lngth, tht is, th lngth of rils is lss influn y th slinity strss rthr thn th lngth of plumuls n hs lowr snsitivity to th slinity (Fig. 4). Th mximum ril lngths r rlt to th 1 S/m (1.4 m) n 2 S/m (1.36 m) slinity lvls n th minimum is rlt to th 1 S/m slinity lvl, lso thr is no signifint iffrn twn th 4 n 6 lvls. Plnts n osmoti justmnt n on wy to hiv osmoti justmnt is to form orgni sustns, suh s soritol, prolin, n glyin, within th tissus. Formtion of suh sustns onsums nrgy in plnts, n thrfor th onsum nrgy for osmoti justmnt rss th growth of plnt s ril orgns (Pnuls t l., 1997). Gnrlly, th rss in th grmintion n sling growth, u to th inrs in th nvironmnt s slt onntrtion, r us y physiohmil ffts or y osmoti-toxi slts whih xist in slin solutions. In ft, inrsing th osmoti prssur (mor ngtiv osmoti prssur) rsult from th inrs nvironmnt s slinity, on on hn isrupts th s hyrtion, n on th othr hn, th high onntrtions of nions n tions (spilly N + n ClG) in th nvironmnt imp th s grmintion y imposing toxiity in ss (Rji n Postini, 2). Efft of slinity strss on th sling wt n ry wight: As it oul osrv from Fig., th sling s wt wight rss s th slinity lvl inrss. Th mximum sling s wt wights long to th 1 n 2 S/m lvls with.67 n.64 g, rsptivly, whil th minimum ourr in th 1 S/m lvl with.7 g. Othr lvls lso h signifint iffrns with h othr. Th slinity oul influn th sling s ry wight n rs it. As it is shown in Fig. 6, th mximum ry wights r osrv in 1 S/m (.11 g) lvl n th 119

4 Asin J. Agri. Si., 4(2): , 212 Sing wt wight (gr) Slinity lvl (S/m NCl) Efft of slinity strss on rtio of plumul lngth to ril lngth: Th rtio of plumul lngth to ril lngth is fft y slinity n is rs s th slinity inrss. Figur 7 shows tht th mximum plumul lngth to ril lngth ours in th 1 S/m (4.26) n 2 S/m (4.21) lvls n th minimum is rlt to th 1 S/m (1.4) lvl. It is xpt tht uring slinity onitions, th rtio of ril orgns to root woul rs n it is rport through mny sours (Flowrs t l., 1977). Fig. : Efft of slinity strss on th wt wight of sling of Mgsr priwinkl Sing ry wight (gr) Slinity lvl (S/m NCl) Fig. 6: Efft of slinity strss on th ry wight of sling of Mgsr priwinkl Lngth of plumul to ril Slinity lvl (S/m NCl) Fig. 7: Efft of slinity strss on th rtio of plumul lngth to ril lngth of Mgsr priwinkl minimum is rlt to th 1 S/m (.13 g) lvl. Othr lvls show signifint iffrns with h othr. It sms tht th ngtiv ffts of slinity on plnts r th rsult of rting osmoti potntil using slt in th plnt s growth nvironmnt. Thrfor, th root s lls r unl to sor wtr n for growth from th nvironmnt, thus th sorption of som wtr solul minrl sustns is limit whih limits th plnt s growth n vlopmnt u to th iffiultis in th mtolism. Som uthors liv tht mtolism prsnt ngtiv ffts us of ion umultion rsult from mmrn prmility (Griv n Fujiym, 1987). 1 REFERENCES Almnsouri, M., J.M. Kint n S. Lutts, 21. Efft of slt n osmoti strsss on grmintion in urum wht (Tritium urum sf). Plnt Soil, 231: Bjji, M., J.M. Kint n S. Lutts, 22. Osmoti n ioni ffts of NCl on grmintion, rly sling growth n ion ontnt of Atriplx hlimus (Chnopoi). Cn. J. Bot., 8: Cmrto, J. n B. M rty, Irrigtion wtr qulity: prt I. Slinity. South Crolin Turfgrss Fountion Nw, 6(2): 6-8. Flowrs, T.J., P.F. Trok n A.R. Yo, Th mhnism of slt tolrn in hlophyts. Annu. Rv. Plnt Physiol., 28: Ghsmi Ghhsr, M. n M. Kfi, 29. Floriultur Sintifi n prti Pulitions Son, Author, pp: 2. Griv, C.M. n R. Munns, 198. Mhnisms of slt tolrn in nonhlophyt. Ann. Rv. Plnt Physiol., 31: Griv, C.M. n H. Fujiym, Th rspons of two ri ulivr to xtrnl N/C rtio. Plnt Soil, 13: Hmpson, C.R. n G.M. Simposon, 199. Efft of tmprtur, slt n osmoti potntil on rly growth of wht. A. Erly sling growth. Cn. J. Bo., 68: Jll, C.A., R. Gopi, B. Snkr, P. Mnivnnn, A. Kishorkumr, R. Srihrn n R. Pnnrslvm, 27. Stuis on grmintion, sling vigour, lipi proxition n prolin mtolism in Cthrnthus rosus slings unr slt strss. S. Afr. J. Bot., 73: Kmoj, V.P., 2. Hrl miin. Curr. Si., 78: Khlighi, A., 28. Growing of Ornmntl Plnts in Irn. Pulitions Rozhn, Thrn, pp: 14. Mguirw, I.D., Sp of grmintion-i in sltion n vlution for sling mrgn n vigor. Crop Si., 2:

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