International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences

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1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Intrntionl Journl of Agriultur n Biosins P-ISSN: E-ISSN: itor@ijgio.om Efft of Lhts of Alin Ws on S Grmintion, Sling Growth n Physiology in Mungn NA Ghyl 1, MV Biwr 2 n KN Dhuml 3 1 Dprtmnt of Botny; 2 Dprtmnt of Chmistry, Ash Grwr Collg, Pun , M.S., Ini 3 Dprtmnt of Botny, Univrsity of Pun, Pun ARTICLE INFO Riv: Rvis: Apt: Mrh 10, 2014 My 12, 2014 July 15, 2014 Ky wors: Allloiognsis Cssi uniflor grmintion stuis Synrll noiflor *Corrsponing Arss: gnivit_ghyl@riffmil.om ABSTRACT Th invsiv ws lik Cssi uniflor Mill. non Sprng n Synrll noiflor (L) Grtn, r showing ominn in Pun Univrsity mpus. Thy r osrv in th form of pur stns ruing th phytoivrsity in th rs stui. Th lllopthi potntil of invsiv ws ws srn y using thir quous lf lhts for s grmintion iossy whih init tht th s grmintion, root n shoot lngth, root: shoot rtio n vigour inx wr signifintly inhiit in mungn t ll onntrtions. Th rsults of s grmintion iossy wr in onformity with tht of sling physiology. Th fft of Synrll lhts ws mor pronoun thn tht of Cssi. It ws onfirm tht oth th ws h strong lllopthi or phytotoxi influn u to prsn of iffrnt lllohmils. Cit This Artil s: Ghyl NA, MV Biwr n KN Dhuml, Efft of lhts of lin ws on s grmintion, Sling growth n physiology in mungn. Intr J Agri Biosi, 3(4): INTRODUCTION Prsntly th sintists working in th fil of w iology r vloping n intgrt pproh towrs w mngmnt for thir long trm ontrol (Ro, 2000), s thy us hvy losss in rop yil, thn from th griulturl psts. At prsnt th rop fils n forsts r ing inv y mny xoti ws lik Cssi, Synrll, Prthnium, Chromoln, Lntn t. whih r using srious prolm. Ths invsiv xoti spis grtly influn th phytoivrsity n rpl th ntiv spis (L n Klsing, 2004). Rgrlss of svrl lllopthi stuis on ths ws, thir mhnism of invsion r not yt fully unrstoo (Suthrln, 2004). Cssi uniflor Mill.non Sprng. (Syn. Cssi sri Sw.- Cslpin) hving worlwi istriution. It is n nnul, rt hr with stipult, glnulr, pripinnt lvs. Flowrs r yllow with lustr pos. If plnts gt wtr, thy kp on flowring throughout th yr. This w grows luxurintly if it gts full sunlight n high soil moistur. It hs n ror t mny othr pls lik th highwys, rilwy trks, rrn lns n somtims vn in griulturl lns. Synrll noiflor (L.) Grtn. (fmily- Astr) origint in tropil South Amri is n nnul, hr n is now istriut ll ovr Ini (Almi, 2003). Its ominn is ttriut to wi ptility to ivrs hitt, p root systm, fstr growth rt, most fftiv n ffiint pollintion n s formtion ility, s polymorphism n its fftiv isprsl mhnisms, ioti n ioti strss tolrn long with synthsis of som novl n fnsiv lllohmils. It hs n lim (Inrjit n Wston, 2000) tht til lllopthi rsrh on w w n w rop intrtions is lking in Ini n mny othr vloping ountris. Th prsnt floristi stuis hv rvl tht plnt ivrsity h n ru y invsiv lin w spis lik Altrnnthr, Cssi, Synrll, Prthnium, n Alyph t. in th mpus of Pun Univrsity (Almi, 2003; Vrpn, 1972). Hn to xplor th mhnism of sussful invsion of Cssi n Synrll in th Univrsity mpus, this stuy ws unrtkn. Th lllopthi potntil of oth ths lin ws ws lso invstigt using s grmintion iossy thniqu on snsitiv tst rops lik mungn. Th physiologil n iohmil hngs in lf lhts trt slings of mungn long with ontrol wr nlyz t svnth y. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prprtion of lhts Th lvs of Cssi n Synrll wr ollt uring th flowring stg n rought to lortory, ln with istill wtr n spr on filtr ppr for 141

2 142 sh rying. Th ry lvs wr groun in Wily Mill to pss two mm siv. 100g powr lvs wr sok in 1000 ml istill wtr for 24 h t 25 0 C n th lht ws filtr through Buhnr funnl. It ws stor in rfrigrtor in mr olour ottl (to voi grtion). S Grmintion Biossy Th ss of mungn (Vign rit vr. Vihv) wr otin from Collg of Agriultur, Pun. Hlthy ss wr us for iossy stuy using striliz ptriplts (9 m imtr) lin with grmintion pprs. Th ss of rish n mustr wr surf striliz with 0.02% quous HgCl 2 for two minuts. Thn th ss wr thoroughly wsh with istill wtr. S grmintion pprs wr thoroughly moistn (5ml.) with rsptiv onntrtions of lf lhts of Synrll (1.5% - 10% v/v) whih wr prpr y ilutions with istill wtr. Th ss kpt in istill wtr wr onsir s ontrol. Twnty ss of rish n forty ss of mustr wr uniformly kpt in h ptri plt. Th 2.0 ml lhts of rsptiv onntrtion wr in h ptri plt on thir y. Th ptri plts wr irrigt with th lhts only on. Th trtmnts wr rplit thri. S grmintion prntg, root n shoot lngth, totl sling hight n vigour inx (Gupt, 1996) wr ror on 7 th y. Biohmil nlysis of slings Rnomly slt 0.1g mtril of slings (ontrol n lhts trt) ws tkn for nlysis of iffrnt iohmil prmtrs. Totl sugrs wr stimt y th mtho of Hog n Hofritr (1962). Strh ontnt ws stimt from 1g of lf smpls (sh ri) y using Anthron rgnt s pr th mtho sri y Thyumnvn n Ssivm (1984). Protin stimtion ws on oring to Lowry t l. (1951) mtho. Totl phnolis in th lf smpls wr stimt s pr th mtho of Frks n Kirly (1962). Assy of ntioxint nzyms Th Proxis [EC ] n Polyphnol oxis [EC ] nzym ssy ws rri out y using Viyskhrn n Durirj (1973) mtho. Whil th Suproxi ismuts [EC ] nzym ssy ws rri out y using Dhins t l. (1981) mtho. Sttistil nlysis Th t wr summriz s th pool mns of thr rplits h ovr thr yrs with stnr vition s th msurs of vriility. On-wy ANOVA ws us to ompr th mn vlus s fft y iffrnt lht onntrtions. Dunn s Multipl Rng Tst (DMRT) ws ppli t p<0.05 to ompr th mn iffrns. Th t wr nlyz y SYSTAT (vr.11) n Mirosoft xl RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Aoring to Inrjit n Wston (2000) n Inrjit n Nilsn (2003) lortory iossys n fil stuis r intgrl prt of lllopthy rsrh, us thy r fst n rptl tools for invstigting th potntil for iffrnt typs of intrtions. To prov th hypothsis of lllopthi intrtions twn tst rop lik mungn n invsiv ws lik Cssi n Synrll, prsnt invstigtion ws fous on s grmintion iossy n nlysis of th slings. S grmintion iossy % S grmintion In s of mungn th fft of lf lhts of Cssi n Synrll th s grmintion show inhiition s ompr to ontrol. Th rsults wr sttistilly signifint t p = (Tls 1, 2). Root n shoot lngth In mungn (Tls 1, 2) oth th lf lhts us rs in root lngth, xpt t 1.5% onntrtions of Synrll lf lhts. At 2.5% onntrtion of lf lhts it ws t pr with ontrol. Th lf lhts of Cssi n Synrll us inrs in shoot lngth t 1.5% n 2.5% onntrtion ovr ontrol rsptivly. Th rsults wr sttistilly signifint t p = Root: Shoot rtio In mungn thr ws inrs in R: S rtio s ompr to ontrol. Th rsults wr non-signifint for mungn (Tls 1, 2). Vigour Inx (VI) Th rsults of vigour inx in mungn (Tls 1, 2) wr orroorting with tht of % s grmintion for oth Cssi n Synrll lf lhts. S grmintion Emrgn of root n shoot is primry phs in s grmintion, whih trmins th futur plnt growth. Mny workrs hv rport positiv s wll s ngtiv impt of quous lhts on s grmintion n vlopmnt of root n shoot. In th prsnt invstigtion, th lowr n highr onntrtion trtmnts of Cssi n Synrll wr inhiitory s ompr to ontrol for mungn (Tls 1, 2) Th iffrnt typs of lllohmils prsnt in lhts of Cssi n Synrll might hv us th rtrtion in s grmintion prntg y ting ngtivly on th pross. With inrsing onntrtions of lhts th lllohmils prsnt in thm might hv t mor ngtivly, ling to omplt inhiition of s grmintion of mung n. Th fvourl or vrs impt of lllohmils on s grmintion is onntrtion/ os pnnt. An (2005) h sri this phnomnon s Hormsis. Th ly in s grmintion n hv importnt iologil n ologil implitions, us it n fft th ility of th slings to stlish in nturl onitions (Chvs t l., 2001). Th osrvtions of th prsnt invstigtion on s grmintion n sling growth r in grmnt with Br t l. (2009), Wkjir (2009) n Dv n Jin (2009). Thy not signifint inrs in s grmintion of iffrnt rops u to lowr onntrtion trtmnts of lf xtrts n lhts of Agrtum, Angllis, Prthnium t. Th

3 143 Tl 1: Effts of Cssi lf lhts on s grmintion n sling growth in mungn Con. % % Grmintion Root lngth Shoot lngth Root: Shoot rtio Vigour inx Control 99 ± ± ± ±6.76E ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±2.05E ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±3.46E ± ± ± ± ±8.81E ±20.00 p = <0.001 <0.001 < <0.001 Tl 2: Effts of Synrll lf lhts on s grmintion n sling growth in mungn Con. % % Grmintion Root lngth Shoot lngth Root: Shoot rtio Vigour inx Control 99 ± ± ± ±6.765E ± ± ± ± ±9.769E ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±7.128E ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± f± ±7.358E ±12.85 p = <0.001 <0.001 < <0.001 # Dt is th pool mns of thr stimts h ovr two yrs ±stnr vition. p-vlu nots th signifin of iffrn twn th mns y on wy ANOVA sttistis. Th vlus follow y iffrnt lttrs iffr signifintly y Dunn s multipl rng tst t p=0.05. Tl 3: Effts of Cssi uniflor lf lhts on orgni onstitunts in slings of mungn Con. % Totl sugrs mg/g Strh mg/g Protin mg/g Phnolsmg/g Control ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.87 p = <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Tl 4: Effts of Synrll noiflor lf lhts on orgni onstitunts in slings of mungn Con. % Totl sugrs mg/g Strh mg/g Protin mg/g Phnols mg/g Control ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.66 p = 0.06 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 # Dt is th pool mns of thr stimts h ovr two yrs ±stnr vition. p-vlu nots th signifin of iffrn twn th mns y on wy ANOVA sttistis. Th vlus follow y iffrnt lttrs iffr signifintly y Dunn s multipl rng tst t p=0.05. lhts of Cssi n Synrll, whih might inuing th inrs or rs in mmrn prmility, tivitis of mtoli nzyms n rt of ll ivision in grminting ss of mungn. Oyun (2006) lso rport tht Ai uriuliformis n Gliriii spium lf lhts inhiit oth s grmintion n sling growth of miz u to inhiition to wtr sorption in grminting ss n tht of nutrint uptk in th growing slings. Th ngtiv influn of highr onntrtions of lhts n xtrts of iffrnt lllopthi plnt spis inluing ws on s grmintion ws rport y Trvlos n Psptis (2008), Tnvr t l. (2008) n Shrm t l. (2009). Th stimultory s wll s inhiitory ffts wr onntrtion pnnt. Th rsults of th prsnt invstigtion wr in grmnt with th ov stuis. Aoring to Orr t l. (2005) potntil lllopthi impt of invsiv spis lik Lolium n Elgnus on ntiv spis lik Ar, Populus n Pltnus ws u to lllopthy, whih ws pning on th sour of lllohmils n th spis. As suggst y Einhllig (1995), Rigos t l. (1999) th lllohmils prsnt in th lhts might rsponsil for th hngs in wtr rltions, mmrn prmility n nzymti tivitis of protin n rohyrt grtion uring s grmintion pross, whih trmin th suss of s grmintion. Sm my th rson for th hngs in th grmintion of mung n u to lhts of invsiv ws. Th lllopthi impt of lhts or xtrts is mor hrmful to ril (Frimn, 1995). Th phytotoxiity ws irtly proportionl to highr onntrtions of lhts (Hshim Ali t l., 2005; Wng t l., 2009). Root n shoot lngth Th roots r mor snsitiv to lllohmils thn shoots (Rhmn, 2006). Roots n to sor wtr for growth of plnts, whih is on y th root lls tht r irtly xpos to th solution of lhts ontining th lllohmils whih fft th growth of root n

4 144 OD µg protin -1 min Control 1.50% 2.50% 5% 7.50% 10% Conntrtions of lf lhts Fig. 1: Efft of lf lhts of Cssi n Synrll on tivitis of polyphnol oxis in slings of mungn OD µg protin -1 min f Control 1.50% 2.50% 5% 7.50% 10% Conntrtions of lf lhts Fig. 2: Efft of lf lhts of Cssi n Synrll on tivitis of proxis in slings of mungn Units g -1 min E E E E E E E E+00 Control 1.50% 2.50% 5% 7.50% Conntrtions of lf lhts Fig. 3: Efft of lf lhts of Cssi n Synrll on suproxi ismuts tivity in slings of mungn # Dt points r th pool mns of thr rplits ovr two yrs with stnr vition s rror rs. Diffrnt lttrs t th t points not signifint iffrn y Dunn s multipl rng tst t p<0.05. shoot. Whn th wtr is sor, smllr frtion of th solution is vill to th lls of th stm n lvs (Dn n Domingo, 2006). Th mor ntut fft on th roots might u to thir losr ontt with th lhts spilly whn mintin on grmintion ppr (Chung t l. 2001). This my xplin th rson for inhiition of slings of ny tst rop. Th root n shoot lngth is th importnt prmtr of sling growth, whih trmin th growth of futur plnt. Mny workrs hv rport positiv n ngtiv impt of quous xtrts, lhts, rsius n iffrnt lllohmils xisting in thm on root n shoot lngth. In th prsnt invstigtion th lhts of Cssi n Synrll h us signifint inhiitory fft on shoot n root lngth t lmost ll th onntrtion lvls, n th rution ws os/ onntrtion pnnt in oth th tst rops (Tls 1, 2). Ths rsults orroort with th finings of th lllopthy workrs lik Ghyl t l. (2007, ) n Dv n Jin (2009). Thy rport inhiitory ffts on root n shoot lngth u to trtmnts of lhts or xtrts, ut only t highr onntrtions. Th ngtiv impt of highr onntrtions of lhts of iffrnt ws on s grmintion n 10% Cul Snl Cul Snl Cul Snl sling growth of vrious rops h n wll oumnt y svrl workrs lik Wu t l. (2008), Gtti t l. (2008) n mny othr lllopthi rsrhrs xplin tht ths ffts wr u to th lllohmils xisting in th lhts n xtrts of onor plnts. Vsuvn t l. (2001) hv lso rport lllopthi tivity of Cssi sri (Cssi uniflor) on grmintion n growth of jr, horsgrm n sfflowr. Root: Shoot rtio Th root: shoot rtio is vry onfirmtory n rlil initor of morphologil, physiologil n iohmil hngs in grminting ss n vloping slings. In th prsnt invstigtion it ws foun tht ll th trtmnts slightly rs th root: shoot rtio s ompr to ontrol (Tls 1, 2). Th rs vlus of R: S rtio init mor shoot lngth s ompr to lss root lngth. This my u to irt ontt of roots with lllopthi lhts with roots rsulting in to inhiition of root lngth. Th rt of root growth might hv rtr rstilly u to thir ontt with lllohmils, rsulting in to ru root lngth s ompr to shoot lngth. Th rs vlus of root: shoot rtios wr rport y Gogoi t l. (2002) in two iffrnt vritis of ri u to quous xtrts of Agrtum, Borrri. Th highr vlus of root: shoot rtios wr rport y Bhlro t l. (2000) in slings of jowr n jr whn trt with xtrts of Aspiium rhizoms. But thy hv furthr rport rs in root: shoot rtio in Jowr slings with highr onntrtions. In th prsnt stuy th sm trn ws noti in mungn slings whn trt with lhts of Cssi n Synrll t highr onntrtions. Th lllohmils might ting s inhiitors or stimultors on root n shoot lngth, rsulting into inrs or rs vlus of root: shoot rtio. Dis t l. (2004) hv lso rport th hngs in root: shoot rtio in prlmillt. Thy hv furthr xplin tht svrl physiologil n mtoli ltrtions tk pl u to lllohmils, uring s grmintion, whih fft th ovrll prformn of slings. Thus, it n stt tht oth th invsiv ws n thir lhts whih r rih in lllohmils, r rsponsil for inhiition of s grmintion n growth of slings in oth th tst rops. Vigour inx Th vigour inx is vitl prmtr to trmin th ffiiny of ny grminting s to utiliz n moiliz th rsrv foo mtrils. VI inits th lllopthi ffts on sling stlishmnt. Jhv (2006) otin similr fft on sling vigour in wht, mungn, hikp n fnugrk with th highr onntrtions of lhts of Pisti n Eihhorni. Howvr, Yng t l. (2006) ror th rution in sling vigor of ri u to highr onntrtions of Agrtin n Eulyptus lf lhts. Thy furthr lim tht th prsn of trpnois in Agrtin ws possil rson for rution in sling vigour t highr onntrtions.

5 145 Th workrs lik Shrm t l. (2009) rport th ffts of xtrts of svn iffrnt ws on s grmintion n vigour inx in iffrnt vritis of wht. Thy ttriut th rution in vigour inx to th prsn of phnoli ompouns in th lhts of ws. As stt ov, in th prsnt invstigtion lso th prsn of vrious lllohmils from lin ws might inhiiting th growth of slings, rsulting in to rs vigour inx, u to highr onntrtion trtmnts. Th lllohmils in th lhts might hv ltr th llulr tivitis suh s ll ivision, minrl uptk n nzym tivitis rsulting into rution in root n shoot lngths s wll s vigour inx. Effts of lf lhts of Cssi n Synrll on physiology of mungn slings Th physiologil nlysis of slings will illustrt thir mtoli sttus n pility to moiliz n fftivly utiliz th rsrv foo mtrils, rsulting into sussful sling vlopmnt, growth n stlishmnt. Hn invstigtion on physiology n iohmistry of grminting ss ws unr tkn. Totl sugrs In mungn (Tls 3, 4) oth Cssi n Synrll lf lhts inu inrs in totl sugr ontnts ovr ontrol with ll th trtmnts rnging from 1.5% to 10%. Th inrs in sugr ontnt ws mor u to Synrll lf lhts s ompr to Cssi lf lhts. Strh In mungn slings, trt with th lf lhts of Cssi n Synrll, similr sty n grul inrs in strh ontnt ws osrv (Tls 3, 4). All th rsults wr sttistilly signifint. Protins In mungn oth Cssi n Synrll lf lhts inu similr inrs in protin ontnts ovr ontrol with ll th trtmnts rnging from 1.5% to 10%. Th inrs in protin ontnt ws vry high u to Synrll lf lhts s ompr to Cssi lf lhts (Tls 3, 4). Phnols In s of mungn slings, th rsults (Tls 3, 4) on phnol ontnts show tht with th inrsing onntrtions (1.5% to 10%) of lf lhts of Cssi (9.53 to mg/g) n Synrll (8.43 to mg/g) th mount of phnols lso wnt on inrsing s ompr to ontrol (8.55 mg/g). Totl sugrs n strh Crohyrts ply vry vitl rol(s) in plnt s mtolism n thir synthsis n umultion govrn th mjority of llulr mtoli prosss. Th flututions in th sttus of rohyrts will giv lr initions of growth, vlopmnt, flowring, fruiting n yil of trt plnts. With Synrll lf lhts t 2.5% onntrtion only thr ws littl rs in totl sugr ontnts thn ontrol. Rsrh workrs lik Miti t l. (2008) rport umultion of sugrs in slings of rops u to lllopthi impt of lf xtrts of ws t highr onntrtion trtmnts. Finings of prsnt invstigtion lso orroort with ov rports (Tls 3, 4). Th rohyrts, protins, lipis n fts stor in th ss r usully oxiiz uring s grmintion, for supplying th nrgy to th vloping slings, s rsult of this th orgni onstitunts r vry muh ru. Howvr, in th prsnt invstigtion thr ws onstnt inrs in totl sugrs, strh n protins whih might u to thir non-utiliztion, s thr ws vry lss or somtims no s grmintion in lhts trt ss of mungn. Protins Th moifition in protin mtolism us y trtmnts of lhts of iffrnt lllopthi plnt spis, plys n importnt rol in s grmintion n sling growth, s it is th funmntl vnt in ll mtolism govrning growth n vlopmnt. Inrs in protin ontnts u to highr onntrtion trtmnts of lhts of vrious ws wr ror y Pthipti Ush Rni (2008) in rop slings. Th influn of vrious iotiv lllohmils (tritrpns, strois, flvonois t.), orgni n inorgni ompouns prsnt in Cssi n Synrll lf lhts hv inhiit th s grmintion n sling growth ling to highr protin ontnts rsult from thir non-utiliztion n immoiliztion. Th rsults of th prsnt invstigtions on inrs in protin ontnts uring s grmintion of mungn u to lowr s wll s highr onntrtions of lhts of oth th invsiv ws r in grmnt with th ov workrs initing inution of strss protins us of th llloiognsis strss (Tls 3, 4). Th lllohmils in Cssi n Synrll lf lhts might rsponsil for inrs in th protin ontnts in th slings of tst rops. Th rtr moiliztion n utiliztion of protins must hv l to thir inrs. Altrtions in ovr ll protin mtolisms uring s grmintion my th most pproprit rson for xplining th inrs in protin ontnt in th lhts trt ss of mungn. Phnols Th sonry mtolits lik phnols init th intnsity of strss on plnts n lso ffor fns to thm. Thy hv vry profoun fft on s grmintion, growth, vlopmnt n mtoli funtioning of plnts. It is for ths rsons phnolis hv n mjor fous of hmil ology lso. Phnoli ompouns r th mjor lllohmils, through whih highr plnts intrt with h othr (Wtrmn n Mol, 1994). To unrstn th influn of phnolis prsnt in th lhts of Cssi n Synrll on mungn, fforts wr m to stuy th pross of s grmintion. Howvr Btish t l. (2005) n Bgvthy t l. (2007) ror opposit trn. Thy not inrs phnoli ontnts in rops u to highr onntrtions of

6 146 fruit n lf xtrts s wll s lhts of Prthnium n Eulyptus rsptivly. Thy lim tht inrs in phnoli ontnts us rs in s grmintion rt n sling growth. Th rsults of prsnt stuy r in grmnt with ov finings (Tls 3, 4). Th umult phnoli ontnts might hv us vrs impt on ll mmrn prmility, wtr sorption n othr mtoli funtions in ss ling to inhiition of s grmintion in mungn n rution in root s wll s shoot lngth. Efft of lf lhts of Cssi n Synrll on nzymti tivitis in slings of mungn Rsults Th plnts xpos to ioti or lllopthi strss gnrt rtiv oxygn spis (ROS), rsponsil for inuing hngs in iohmil n physiologil prosss, ling to llulr mg (Cruz-Ortg t l., 2002). Hn, for slf-prottion th plnts xpos to strss onitions, highly stimult th tivitis of iffrnt ntioxint nzyms lik PPO, POX n SOD to svng th ROS. Th lht trt slings of mungn might rsponsil for gnrting som typ of lllopthi strss on thm. To fin out this, th tivitis of som ntioxint nzyms wr ssy. Polyphnol oxis (PPO) [EC ] Th rsults shown in Fig.1 rvl tht th tivity of PPO ws omprtivly lss thn ontrol in mungn whn trt with th lhts of Cssi n Synrll. But for rmining onntrtions it show signifint stimultion. All th rsults wr signifint t p= Proxis (POX) [EC ] Th signifint rsults on th tivity of POX shown in Fig. 2 init tht in mungn, th tivity of POX ws signifintly stimult t ll th onntrtions of lhts us. Supr oxi ismuts (SOD) [EC ] Th rsults illustrt in Fig. 3 on th hngs in tivity of SOD in mungn slings, th SOD tivity h shown vry lss stimultion t 1.5% n 2.5% lf lhts trtmnts of Synrll s ompr to ontrol (Fig. 3). But it ws t pr with ontrol with lf lht trtmnt of Cssi (1.5%). Howvr, t highr onntrtions of oth th lf lhts th tivity of SOD ws stimult y mnifol. Th stimultion or inhiition in th tivitis of ntioxint nzyms lik POX, PPO n SOD init th lvl of rtiv oxygn spis prou unr th strss onitions n intrtions twn plnts. Ths nzyms svng th ROS n prott th plnts uring ioti, ioti n lllopthi strss onitions (Yu t l., 2003). Thy furthr xplin tht xposur to lllopthi gnts lik xuts or xtrts t highr onntrtions usully us inrs in tivitis of SOD, POX t., us SOD onvrt suproxi nions in to hyrogn proxi (H 2 O 2 ), whih is thn onvrt into hrmlss H 2 O moluls in rtion tlyz y nzym tls or proxis. Th ssssmnt of tivitis of vrious ntioxint nzyms in lht trt plnts is vry importnt to know tht whthr th lhts gnrt ny strss on th trt plnts. Th strssful nvironmnt rt y high onntrtion of lllohmils xisting in th lhts will inu svrl mtoli ltrtions. Th stimultion or inhiition of th tivitis of ntioxint nzyms is hlpful for priting th snsitivity n rsistn of tst plnts to llloiognsis. Th intnsity of strss n ptility of plnts to it, n jug on th sis of prnt inrs in thir tivitis. Wir t l. (2004) rport inrs s wll rs in SOD n POX tivity in Ariopsis thlin, Cntur iffus n Cntur mulos. Thy furthr xplin tht this my u to th iffrnt rspons of h of th fft pross to prtiulr onntrtion of spifi lllohmil. Th finings of Morshhi t l. (2003) init signifint rution in th tivitis of iffrnt ntioxint nzyms in vrious rops u to th trtmnts of quous xtrts/lhts of iffrnt forst trs, ws n frn spis. Mny rsrhrs rport th stimultion of th tivitis of ntioxint nzyms in trt rop plnts. Gng t l. (2005) orrlt th inhiition of s grmintion in uumr, wtrmlon, pppr, lttu n tomto with th hngs in tivitis of SOD, POX, n CAT. Thy furthr not tht ths hngs wr onntrtion pnnt. Th stimultion of ntioxint nzyms in mustr n mungn trt with lf lhts of Cssi n Synrll n xplin on th sis of ov rsults (Figs. 1, 2, 3), s ths lhts wr ontining iffrnt typs of lllohmils n th strss tolrn or snsitivnss to suh hmils n prit from th lvl of stimultion or inhiition of suh nzyms. Conlusion Th inhiitory fft on s grmintion, sling growth, vigour inx n sling physiology inluing nzym tivitis in slings hv onfirm th lllopthi ntur of Cssi uniflor n Synrll noiflor whih n ssign to th omplx mixtur of iffrnt ompouns in lf lhts. Th supprssion n inhiition of iffrnt plnt spis nturlly growing in ssoition with Cssi n Synrll might u to th sm rson. Aknowlgmnts On of th uthors (Dr. Ghyl N.A.) is int to UGC for proviing finnil ssistn n wring hr thr fllowship. Th uthors r thnkful lso to th HOD, Dprtmnt of Botny, Univrsity of Pun, M.S., Ini, for proviing rsrh filitis. REFERENCES Aur Rhmn, Alllopthi potntil of Prthnium hystrophorus L. on Cssi spp. Alllopthy Journl, 18: Almi MR, S Dutt n SM Almi, Glimpss of Phytogogrphy of Mhrshtr. JBNHS, 100:

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