CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF NUTRIENTS, ENZYMES, AND MICROBIAL BIOMASS IN SOILS WITH PHENOLICS OF Artemisia annua L.

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1 Pk. J. Agri. Si., Vol. 56(1), ; 219 ISSN (Print) , ISSN (Onlin) DOI: /PAKJAS/ CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF NUTRIENTS, ENZYMES, AND MICROBIAL BIOMASS IN SOILS WITH PHENOLICS OF Artmisi nnu L. Shi-Qiong Luo 1, Chng Zho 1, Zhn-Nn Yng 2,*, Shng-Jun Di 2, Zhu Zhng 2 n Jun Hu 2 1 Shool of Lif Sin Guizhou Norml Univrsity, Guiyng, Guizhou Provn, 551, P. R. Chin; 2 Ky Lortory for Informtion Systm of Mountinous Ar n Prottion of Eologil Environmnt of Guizhou Provin, Guizhou Norml Univrsity, Guiyng, Guizhou Provn, 551, P. R. Chin * Corrsponing uthor s -mil: yngzhnnn@163.om A orrltion nlysis of th nutrints, nzyms, n miroil iomss in Artmisi nnu L. rhizosphr soil with A. nnu phnolis ws prform to ssss whthr th proprtis of A. nnu rhizosphr soil oul fft A. nnu phnolis. Th onntrtions of soil nutrints, nzym tivitis, miroil iomss C n N, totl polyphnols, sopoltin, hrysosplnol- D, n hrysosplntin signifintly vri t iffrnt smpling sits. Th totl polyphnols wr signifintly positivly orrlt with vill K, invrts, n miroil iomss C, ut ngtivly orrlt with orgni mttr, urs, n phosphts. Signifint positiv orrltion ws osrv twn sopoltin n orgni mttr, vill P, phosphts, n miroil iomss C n C/N rtio. Chrysosplnol-D ws signifintly positivly rlt to vill K n invrts, n signifintly ngtivly rlt to phosphts. Chrysosplntin ws signifintly positivly rlt to miroil iomss C, n ngtivly rlt to vill N. Ths finings suggst tht trnsformtion of soil N n P is promot y A. nnu through tivtion of rhizosphr nzyms n miroorgnisms. This is vntgous for th pttion of A. nnu to wi rng of soil nvironmnts n influns th mtoli umultion of A. nnu phnolis. Kywors: Artmisi nnu L., miroil iomss, soil nutrints, mtoli umultion, nti-mlril rug INTRODUCTION Artmisi nnu L., n nnul hr, hs n us in tritionl Chins Miin (TCM) for 2 yrs u to its vrious miinl proprtis (Chukwurh t l., 214; Chins Phrmopoi, 215). For instn, th min hmil omponnt, rtmisinin, isolt from A. nnu, is th first-lin nti-mlril rug rommn y th Worl Hlth Orgniztion, n A. nnu phnolis (totl polyphnols, sopoltin, hrysosplnol-d, n hrysosplntin) hv n onfirm to synrgiz th potntil ffts of rtmisinin ginst mlri n nr (Jorg t l., 21). Nvrthlss, th onntrtion of th fftiv omponnts in A. nnu (.g. phnolis, rtmisinin, t.) is oftn miguous us of th influn of ivrs growth nvironmnts. In rnt s, numrous stuis hv fous on rtifiil synthsis of rtmisinin n on onfirming th synrgisti tion of phnolis n rtmisinin ginst mlri n nr (Jorg t l., 21). Howvr, s rtifiil synthsis of rtmisinin n othr omponnts of A. nnu is limit y omplx n xpnsiv prours, ths omponnts r still isolt from A. nnu. Morovr, th fft of nvironmntl ftors on th mtoli umultion of A. nnu phnolis tht t in synrgy with rtmisinin ginst mlri n nr is unlr n ns to invstigt. Thus, in th prsnt stuy, w nlyz th orrltion twn nutrints, nzyms, n miroil iomss of A. nnu soil nvironmnt n A. nnu phnolis, n isuss whthr th proprtis of A. nnu soil nvironmnt oul fft mtoli umultion of phnolis in A. nnu. Th mtoli umultion of A. nnu phnolis is losly rlt to omplx limti n soil onitions (Png t l., 28; Luo t l., 214; Wng t l., 214). A. nnu tivts n utilizs soil nutrints (Kuklová t l., 215) n soil miroorgnisms tht r involv in orgni mttr omposition n trnsformtion of nutrints (N, P, K, t.), thus improving th iologil vililitis of soil nutrints (Alin, 211; Hu t l., 216). At th sm tim, th nzyms srt y th miroorgnisms in th soil n roots of A. nnu r lso involv in th trnsformtion n utiliztion of soil nutrints (Tishr t l., 215). It hs n rport tht rtmisini i n rtmisinin of A. nnu r not only involv in A. nnu growth, ut lso fft th nutrints n miroorgnisms in soil (Luo t l., 214; Awn t l., 215). Morovr, frtiliztion hs lso n foun to influn th phnoli omponnts of A. nnu (Luo t l., 213). Thus, to invstigt A. nnu phnolis n soil proprtis, th orrltions twn A. nnu phnolis n A. nnu soil nvironmnt must trmin. Th prsnt stuy provis vin-s t to nswr th ky qustion out th ffts of soil ftors on th mtoli umultion of phnolis in A. nnu, whih oul pt to wi rng of nvironmnts. Although this stuy h

2 Luo, Zho, Yng, Di, Zhng & Hu spifilly fous on A. nnu, th mthos mploy n possily ppli to othr hrl plnts to improv thir qulity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Exprimntl mtrils: Soil smpls from th rhizosphr of A. nnu wr ollt uring th squring stg from iffrnt sits from August to Sptmr 214. Smpls from th roots of nin A. nnu plnts wr pool n ll s rplit. Thr rplits wr quir from h sit. Th rhizosphr soil ws otin y shking off th soil on th roots n ollting th soil hr to th root surf. Furthrmor, t h sit, thr smpling points wr hosn, n nin plnts wr ollt from h smpling point. Eh soil smpl ws ollt in stril plsti g, rpily trnsport to th lortory, n ivi into two prts: on prt ws ir-ri n us for th nlysis of physil n hmil proprtis s wll s nzym tivitis n th othr prt ws stor in frzr t 4 C for th invstigtion of iomss C of soil miroorgnisms. Th lvs n us of th ollt plnts wr rsptivly ir-ri in room n thn groun into powr for th nlysis of A. nnu phnolis. Th informtion on smpling sits, gogrphi position, n soil typs is prsnt in Tl 1. Sopoltin, hrysosplnol- D, n hrysosplntin wr purhs from Sigm (USA). Atonitril n mthnol (HPLC) wr purhs from MERCK, In. (Grmny). Formi i ws purhs from TinJin Chmil Rgnts Dvlopmnt Cntr (TinJin, Chin). Ultrpur wtr (18.2 M) ws prpr using Srtorius Arium 611UF wtr purifition systm (Srtorius, Grmny). Cffi i ws purhs from Shnghi Hling Biologil Thnology Compny (Chin). Folin- Cionltu s phnol rgnt ws purhs from Lst Compny (USA). All th rgnts wr of nlytil gr. Anlysis of totl polyphnols: Th totl polyphnols wr xtrt from th A. nnu smpls using th mtho vlop y Jssing t l. (213) with minor moifition. Brifly,.2 g of th lvs powr ws to 25 ml of mthnol in onil flsk n sl with stoppr n ruriz fri. Th flsks wr inut t 25 C on rotry shkr t 141 rpm for 24 h. Susquntly, th ontnt of th flsk ws filtr n th filtr liquor xtrt ws us for th nlysis of totl polyphnols. Th onntrtions of totl polyphnols wr trmin oring to th mtho propos y Mrtínz-Blno t l. (211) with slight moifition. In rif,.5 ml of th xtrt ws to 3 ml of wtr n.1 ml of Folin-Cionltu s phnol rgnt. Aftr 5 min, 2.5 ml of 2% N 2CO 3 n 3.9 ml of wtr wr to th mixtur n mix wll. Aftr 2 h, th olor vlop ws msur t 725 nm using sptrophotomtr ws purhs from Jingsu Thnology Compny (Chin). Th onntrtions of totl polyphnols wr vlut s ffi i quivlnts with ffi i lirtion urv. High-prformn liqui hromtogrphy nlysis of sopoltin, hrysosplnol-d n hrysosplntin: Th pulvriz smpls (.1 g) wr urtly wigh n into 15-mL onil flsk n sonit with mthnol (25 ml) for thr tims t 4 C (3 min h). Th xtrts otin wr ntrifug n onntrt to out 2 ml t 5 C y using rotry vportors (R-21, BUCHI, Switzrln). Susquntly, th onntrt xtrts wr ilut to 25 ml with mthnol n filtr through.45- μm mmrn filtr. Thn, th xtrts wr sujt to high-prformn liqui hromtogrphy (HPLC) nlysis using HPLC systm LC-2AT sris (Shimzu, Jpn). All hromtogrphi sprtions wr prform on Wtrs PAH C 18, 5 μm, mm olumn (prt No ). A linr grint lution ws prform using lunt A (mthnol:tonitril, 5:11 (v/v)) n lunt B (formi i (.1%, m/v)) s follows: 5% A ( 5 min), 5% 16% A (5 8 min), 16% 24% A (8 3 min), 24% 32% A (3 47 min), 32% 64% A (47 68 min), 64% A (68 75 min), 64% 1% A (75 78 min), 1% A (78 88 min), 1% 5% A (88 9 min), n 5% A (9 95 min). Th flow rt progrm ws s follows: 1.4 ml/min ( 5 min), ml/min (5 1 min),.6.8 ml/min (1 48 min), ml/min (48 5 min), Tl 1. Th informtion on smpling sits, gogrphi position, n soil typs. Sit os Sit nms Gogrphi positions Elvtions (m) Soil typs >2mm grvls Contnt (%) KL1 Shngxinzhi, Kili N, E 632 Clrous yllow soil 8.23 KL2 Xixinzhi, Kili N, E 656 Clrous yllow soil KL3 Wntng, Kili N, E 642 Qutrnry Prio yllow soil GY1 Lijizhung, Guiyng N, E Qutrnry Prio yllow soil GY2 Bishun, Guiyng N, E Clrous yllow soil GY3 Bishoun, Guiyng N, E Clrous yllow soil QX1 Jifngun, Hongshuizhng, Qinxi N, E Grvlly lrous soil QX2 Shioun, Supuzhng, Qinxi N, E Clrous yllow soil 8.27 QX3 Xutngun, Supuzhng, Qinxi N, E Qutrnry Prio yllow soil

3 Corrltion nlysis of soil proprtis with phnolis n 1.4 ml/min (5 95 min). Th ttion wvlngth ws st t 345 nm n th olumn tmprtur ws mintin t 35 C. Dtrmintion of soil nutrint ontnt n ph: Th nutrint ontnt n ph of th A. nnu soil smpls wr nlyz oring to th mthos sri lswhr (Bo, 25; Mhi t l., 218). Th ph of th soil smpls ws msur using ph mtr (Sihng Sintifi Instrumnt Compny, Chin). Potssium ihromt oxition hting mtho ws mploy to trmin th soil orgni mttr, n Kjlhl nitrogn trmintion mtho ws ppli to tst th totl N onntrtion in th soil smpls. Th totl P onntrtions in th soil smpls wr trmin y Mo-S olorimtri mtho. In rif, th smpls wr igst with H 2NO 3-HF n trnsfrr to volumtri flsk t finl volum of 1 ml n sujt to Mo-S olorimtri mtho. Th totl K onntrtions in th soil smpls wr tt y flm photomtry. Th soil vill P ws xtrt using.5 mol/l NHCO 3 n msur y th Olsn mtho, th soil vill K ws xtrt using 1 mol/l CH 3COONH 4 n trmin y flm photomtry, n th soil vill N ws trmin y lkli solution iffusion (Zhng t l., 214). Anlysis of soil nzym tivitis n miroil iomss: Urs tivity ws msur y phnol-hypohlorit olorimtri mtho s follows: th soil smpl ws inut with uffr 1% ur t 37 C for 24 h, n urs tivity ws vlut s th mount of NH 4 + -N (in mg) pr grm of soil ftr 24 h (mg NH 4 + -N/g/24h). Invrts tivity ws trmin y 3,5-initrosliyli i mtho. Brifly, th soil smpl ws inut with uffr 8% suros t 37 C for 24 h, n invrts tivity ws vlut s th mount of gluos (in mg) pr grm of soil ftr 24 h (mg gluos/g/24h). Phosphts tivity ws nlyz using 2,6- iromoquinon-4- hloroimi olorimtri mtho s follows: th soil smpl ws inut with uffr.5% isoium phnyl phospht hyrt, n phosphts tivity ws vlut s th mount of phnol (in mg) pr grm of soil ftr 24 h (mg phnol/g/24h) (Gun, 1986). To msur th miroil iomss C in th soil, oxition-rution mtho ws mploy ftr th frsh soil ws fumigt with trihloromthn, whrs inigo olorimtri mtho ws ppli to trmin th miroil iomss N in th soil (Yo n Hung, 26). Sttistil nlysis: All th soil smpls wr rnomly ollt in triplits. Exl 23 ws ppli to nlyz th si t of th xprimnt n onstrut grphs. SPSS 18. ws us for th nlysis of orrltion, ANOVA, n LSD signifint iffrn (p <.5). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Phnoli onntrtions in A. nnu lvs: Although A. nnu phnolis n rtmisinin xhiit synrgisti fft ginst mlri, th mtoli umultion of A. nnu phnolis vri with rspt to iffrnt growth nvironmnts t iffrnt sits (Brisi t l., 29; Jorg t l., 21). As shown in Tl 2, th onntrtion of totl polyphnols vri from 2.46 to g kg -1 n ws th highst in QX2 smpl n lowst in GY3 smpl. Th mn onntrtion of totl polyphnols in QX smpl (8.28 g kg - 1 ) ws highr thn tht in GY n KL smpls (3.6 n 4.36 g kg -1, rsptivly). Furthrmor, lthough sopoltin onntrtions in th KL1, KL2, n GY2 smpls wr not signifintly iffrnt, thy wr signifintly highr thn thos not in othr smpls. Th hrysosplnol-d ontnt ws th highst in QX2 smpl (1. g kg -1 ), follow y GY1 n QX1 smpls, n ws th lowst in GY3 smpl. Morovr, th mn hrysosplnol-d onntrtion in QX smpl (.924 g kg -1 ) ws signifintly highr thn tht in smpls from othr two rgions (KL,.651 g kg -1 ; GY,.647 g kg -1 ). Although th mn hrysosplntin onntrtions mong th thr rgions (KL,.75 g kg -1 ; GY,.722 g kg -1 ; QX,.697 g kg -1 ) i not show ny signifint iffrn, thy wr signifintly ivrs t iffrnt sits, with th highst hrysosplntin onntrtion not in GY1. Ths rsults init tht th onntrtions of totl polyphnols, sopoltin, hrysosplnol-d, n hrysosplntin in A. nnu Tl 2. Th onntrtions of phnolis from A. nnu. Sit os Totl polyphnols (g kg -1 ) Sopoltin (g kg -1 ) Chrysosplnpl-D (g kg -1 ) Chrysosplntin (g kg -1 ) KL1 3.57±.3.92±.9.77±.6.81±.6 KL2 5.78±.51.94±.8.57±.3.68±.4 KL3 3.69±.26.67±.4.61±.4.76±.7 GY1 3.49±.23.71±.5.93±.8.91±.9 GY2 3.22±.21.87±.7.56±.3.69±.5 GY3 2.46±.14f.66±.3.46±.2f.57±.4 QX1 8.11±.77.61±.2.9±.8.72±.6 QX ± ±.3 1.±.11.79±.5 QX3 5.22±.41.65±.5.87±.6.58±.3 Not: Dt in sm olumn mrk with iffrnt lttr mns signifint iffrn (p <.5). 173

4 Luo, Zho, Yng, Di, Zhng & Hu r fft y th growth nvironmnt (inluing sunlight, limt, n soil ftors). Nutrints n ph in A. nnu rhizosphr soil: Th growth of A. nnu t iffrnt sits vris with nutrint vilility (Aft t l., 213; Zhu t l., 216). Th onntrtions of totl n vill N, P, n K, orgni mttr, n ph t iffrnt smpling sits r prsnt in Tl 3. Orgni mttr ws th highst in GY1 smpl ( g kg -1 ) n lowst in QX2 smpl (42.1 g kg -1 ). Th vrg onntrtion of orgni mttr in KL n GY smpls ( n g kg -1, rsptivly) ws signifintly highr, whn ompr with tht in QX smpl (59.81 g kg -1 ). Furthrmor, in ll th smpling sits, th highst totl P onntrtion ws 2.25 tims highr thn th lowst onntrtion, whrs th highst totl K onntrtion ws 2.48 tims highr thn th lowst onntrtion. Th vill N, P, n K nutrints, whih r losly rlt to A. nnu growth, vri from to 46.84, to , n to mg kg -1, rsptivly. Th ph of th soil smpls ws lklin, with vlus rnging from 7.45 to 8.6 (Tl 3), u to high ontnts of grvls in Krst soils (Tl 1). Ths finings, initing th ivrsitis of soil nutrints t iffrnt sits, rvl th ility of A. nnu to pt to omplx growth nvironmnt. Rltionship twn th onntrtions of A. nnu phnolis n soil nutrints n ph: Th onntrtions of totl n vill N, P, n K, onntrtion of orgni mttr, n ph fft th soil qulity n nutrint sorption y A. nnu root systm, thus ffting th growth of A. nnu. Furthrmor, mtoli umultion of A. nnu phnolis ws fft y iffrnt ftors of th growth nvironmnt. As shown in Tl 4, th onntrtion of th totl polyphnols ws signifintly ngtivly orrlt with th onntrtion of orgni mttr, n signifintly positivly orrlt with vill K, initing tht vill K n improv mtoli umultion of A. nnu phnolis. In ontrst, sopoltin ws signifintly positivly orrlt with th onntrtion of orgni mttr n vill P, ut signifintly ngtivly orrlt with vill K, suggsting tht orgni mttr n vill P my improv mtoli umultion of sopoltin in A. nnu, ut vill K my inhiit sopoltin umultion. Furthrmor, signifint positiv orrltion ws not twn hrysosplnol-d n vill K, whrs signifint ngtiv orrltion ws foun twn hrysosplntin n vill N, initing tht inrsing onntrtion of vill K oul improv mtoli umultion of hrysosplnol-d, ut rs th onntrtion of hrysosplntin in A. nnu. Ths rsults suggst tht th mtoli umultion of A. nnu phnolis is fft y soil nutrints. Enzymti tivitis in A. nnu rhizosphr soil: Th soil nzym tivitis rflt th intnsity n irtion of soil iohmil rtion n mtril yling pross. As shown in Figur 1, urs, invrts, n phosphts tivitis in th soil smpls vri from to μg NH 4 + -N/g/24 h, from to 1.2 mg Gluos/g/24 h, n from.38 to 1.93 mg phnol/g/24 h, rsptivly. Tl 3. Th onntrtions of totl n vill N, P, n K, orgni mttr, n ph t iffrnt smpling sit (mn±se, n = 3). Orgni Sit Totl N Avill N Totl P Avill P Totl K Avill K mttr os (g kg -1 (g kg ) ) (mg kg -1 ) (g kg -1 ) (mg kg -1 ) (g kg -1 ) (mg kg -1 ) ph KL ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±.47 KL2 1.71± ± ± ± ±.71f 7.22±.47f 46.38± ±.36 KL ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±.29 GY ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±.36 GY ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±.39 GY ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±.27 QX ± ±.7f 27.36± ± ± ± ± ±.44 QX2 42.1± ±.4f ± ± ± ± ± ±.52 QX ±6.3.87±.4f ± ± ± ± ± ±.37 Not: Dt in sm olumn mrk with iffrnt lttr mns signifint iffrn (p <.5). Tl 4. Th orrltion twn onntrtions of A. nnu phnolis n soil nutrints n ph (n = 27). Phnolis Orgni mttr Totl N Avill N Totl P Avill P Totl K Avill K ph Totl polyphnols -.77** ** -.12 Sopoltin.562** * * Chrysosplnpl-D * -.73 Chrysosplntin * Not: * n ** init signifint n highly signifint orrltion t iffrnt sits t p <.5 n p <

5 Corrltion nlysis of soil proprtis with phnolis Invrts tivity (mg Gluos/g/24h) Invrts tivity (mg Gluos/g/24h) Phosphts tivity(mg phnol/g/24h) B Figur 1. Ativity of nzyms in soil from A. nnu (A: Urs, B: Invrts, C: Phosphts). Not: Diffrnt lttrs init signifint iffrn t iffrnt sits t p <.5. Th rror r inits th stnr rror. Th urs tivity ws highst in KL3 smpl n lowst in QX1 smpl, with th formr xhiiting 4.2 tims highr tivity thn th lttr. Th vrg urs tivity in th thr B C f 175 smpling rgions ws in th following orr: KL ( μg NH 4 + -N/g/24 h) > GY ( μg NH 4 + -N/g/24 h) > QX (86.61 μg NH 4 + -N/g/24 h) (Figur 1A). Th vrg invrts tivity ws highst in QX smpl (23.42 mg Gluos/g/24 h), whn ompr with tht in KL n GY smpls (15.81 n 1.91 mg Gluos/g/24 h, rsptivly). Howvr, no iffrn in th invrts tivity ws osrv mong th thr QX smpls (QX1, QX2 n QX3), whrs GY1 smpl show signifintly highr invrts tivity thn GY2 n GY3 smpls, n KL2 smpl prsnt signifintly lowr invrts tivity thn KL1 n KL3 smpls (Figur 1B). Th vrg phosphts tivity ws similr to tht of urss mong th iffrnt smpling sits s follows: KL (1.75 mg phnol/g/24 h) > GY (1.3 mg phnol/g/24 h) > QX (.66 mg phnol/g/24 h) (Figur 1C). Th ivrsitis of urs, invrts, n phosphts tivitis in th soil smpls n th iffrnt onntrtions of A. nnu phnolis (Tl 2) in th smpls otin from iffrnt sits illustrt tht soil typs n gogrphi onitions influn soil nzym tivitis, A. nnu growth, n mtoli umultion of A. nnu phnolis. Rltionship twn onntrtion of A. nnu phnolis n soil nzym tivitis: To unrstn th rltionship twn A. nnu phnolis n soil nzyms, nlysis of th orrltion twn ths two ftors is nssry. As shown in Tl 5, th onntrtion of totl polyphnols ws signifintly positivly orrlt with invrts tivity, implying tht invrts n supply C n nrgy sours for soil miroorgnisms n promot thir growth, whih in turn tivt soil nutrints tht r fvorl for A. nnu growth n mtoli umultion of A. nnu phnolis. Howvr, th onntrtion of totl polyphnols ws signifintly ngtivly orrlt with urs n phosphts tivitis, initing tht vill N n P in th soil my not primrily tivt y urs n phosphts tivitis. Furthrmor, sopoltin onntrtion ws signifintly positivly orrlt with phosphts tivity, whil hrysosplnol-d ws signifintly positivly orrlt with invrts tivity n signifintly ngtivly orrlt with phosphts tivity. Ths rsults suggst tht th mtoli umultion of A. nnu phnolis is losly rlt to th nzymti tivitis in th A. nnu rhizosphr soil. Tl 5. Th orrltion twn onntrtions of A. nnu phnolis n soil nzyms (n = 27). Phnolis Urs Invrts Phosphts Totl polyphnols -.475*.696** -.612** Sopoltin ** Chrysosplnpl-D * -.431* Chrysosplntin Not: * n ** init signifint n highly signifint orrltion t iffrnt sits t p <.5 n p <.1.

6 Luo, Zho, Yng, Di, Zhng & Hu Miroil iomss in A. nnu rhizosphr soil: Th miroil iomss C n N in soil r rgr s th ky inis in th vlution of soil vill nutrints n miroorgnism tivitis, us thy r th signifint sours of vill C n N (Wu n Ai, 28). Miroil iomss C (mg kg -1 ). Miroil iomss N (mg kg -1 ). Miroil iomss C/N A B C f miroil ivrsitis. Th miroil iomss C in GY2 smpl ws signifintly highr thn tht in othr smpls, n ws 6.33 tims highr thn tht in QX2 smpl, whih prsnt th lowst miroil iomss C. In ition, th vrg miroil iomss C in GY smpl ( mg kg -1 ) ws signifintly highr thn tht in KL n QX smpls (151.7 n 88.6 mg kg -1, rsptivly), implying ivrs iologil vilility of rhizosphr nutrints n nrgy, whih r nhn y th rls of orgni mttr from root xut or stul y. In ontrst to miroil iomss C, miroil iomss N ws th highst in KL3 smpl (68.35 mg kg -1 ) n lowst in QX2 smpl (13.78 mg kg -1 ). Th vrg miroil iomss N in KL smpl (48.3 mg kg -1 ) ws signifintly highr thn tht in GY n QX smpls (26.76 n 25.7 mg kg -1, rsptivly), n ws signifintly iffrnt mong KL1, KL2, n KL3 smpls, implying th ivrs vilility of soil nutrints n miroil tivitis in A. nnu rhizosphr soil. Th vrg miroil iomss C/N in th smpls ws similr to tht of miroil iomss C, n vri from 2.74 to Th highst miroil iomss C/N ws foun in GY2 smpl, whih ws 4.92 tims highr thn tht in QX1 smpl, whih show th lowst miroil iomss C/N, suggsting th vrition in vill N rls y miroil iomss trnsformtion in A. nnu rhizosphr soil. Rltionship twn onntrtion of A. nnu phnolis n soil miroil iomss C, N, n C/N: Bsis soil nzyms, th mtoli umultion of A. nnu phnolis is lso losly rlt to soil miroil iomsss. As shown in Tl 6, th onntrtion of totl polyphnols ws signifintly positivly orrlt with th miroil iomss C. Th onntrtion of sopoltin ws signifintly positivly orrlt with miroil iomss C n C/N, whrs th onntrtion of hrysosplntin ws signifintly positivly orrlt with miroil iomss C. Ths finings impli tht soil miroil iomss influn th nutrint sorption y A. nnu roots from soils, susquntly ffting th mtoli umultion of A. nnu phnolis (inluing polyphnols, sopoltin, hrysosplnol-d, n hrysosplntin). Figur 2. Miroil iomss C, N n C/N in soil from A. nnu (A: Miroil iomss C, B: Miroil iomss N, C: Miroil iomss C/N). Not: Diffrnt smll lttrs init signifint iffrn mong iffrnt sits t p <.5. Th rror r inits th stnr rror. Th miroil iomss C in th iffrnt smpls vri from to mg kg -1 owing to nvironmntl n 176 Tl 6. Th orrltion twn onntrtions of A. nnu phnolis n miroil iomss C, N n C/N of soils (n = 27). Phnolis Miroil iomss C Miroil iomss N Miroil iomss C/N Totl polyphnols.77** Sopoltin.562** * Chrysosplnpl-D Chrysosplntin.412* Not: * n ** init signifint n highly signifint iffrn t iffrnt sits t p <.5 n p <.1.

7 Corrltion nlysis of soil proprtis with phnolis Conlusions: Th prsnt stuy invstigt th rltionship twn th onntrtions of A. nnu phnolis n nutrints, nzyms, n miroil iomss in th A. nnu rhizosphr soil. Th nutrints, nzyms, n miroil iomss in th soil wr foun to th mjor ftors ffting th mtoli umultion of A. nnu phnolis. Ths finings suggst tht th vilility of soil nutrints n trnsformtion of soil N n P r promot y A. nnu through tivtion of rhizosphr nzyms n miroorgnisms. This is vntgous for th pttion of A. nnu to wi rng of soil nvironmnts n influns th mtoli umultion of A. nnu phnolis. Morovr, th rsults of th prsnt stuy provi thortil sis for improving th qulity of A. nnu. Aknowlgmnts: This rsrh ws support y th Ntionl Nturl Sin Fountion of Chin (No ) n th Projts of Sintifi Rsrh of Dotors support y Guizhou Norml Univrsity. REFERENCES Aft, T., M. Nm, M. Irs, M.M.A. Khn, Moinuin n L. Vrshny Cumultiv rol of irrit soium lgint n nitrogn frtilizr on growth, iohmil prosss n rtmisinin proution in Artmisi nnu. In. Crops Pro. 5: Alin, K.P Tr Elmnts in Soil n Plnts, 4 th E. CRC Prss, Bo Rton, USA. Awn, A.A., M. Zuir, S. Ali, I. Jn, A. Iql n A. Ahm Th fft of iffrnt limti zons on totl phnolis n ftty i profil of vrious oliv ultivrs. Pk. J. Agri. Si. 52: Bo, S.D. 25. Soil Agro-hmistril Anlysis. Chin Agriultur Prss, Bijing, Chin. Brisi, E.A., E.U. Umorn, F. Brisi, P.M. Mglhäs, J.F.S. Frrir, D. Luthri, X.L. Wu n R.L. Prior. 29. Nutritionl hrtristion n ntioxint pity of iffrnt tissus of Artmisi nnu L. Foo Chm. 115: Chukwurh, P.N., E.A. Brisi n A.N. Osugwu Prottiv pity of Artmisi nnu s potnt ntioxint rmy ginst fr ril mg. Asin P. J. Trop. Biom. 4: Committ of Chins Phrmopoi Chins Phrmopoi. 1 st ED. Chin Mil Sin n Thnology Prss, Bijing, Chin. Gun, S.Y Soil nzyms n its rsrh mthos. Chins Agriulturl Prss, Bijing, Chin. Hu, N., H. Li, Z. Tng, Z. Li, G. Li, Y. Jing, X. Hu n Y. Lou Community siz, tivity n C:N stoihiomtry of soil miroorgnisms following 177 rforsttion in Krst rgion. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 73: Jssing, K.K., N. Crgrn, P. Myr, L. Lious-Bily, B.W. Strol, A. Rimno n S.O. Duk Loss of rtmisinin prou y Artmisi nnu L. to th soil nvironmnt. In. Crops Pro. 43: Jorg, F.S.F., L.L. Dvnn, S. Tomikzu n H. Arn. 21. Flvonois from Artmisi nnu L. s ntioxints n thir potntil synrgism with rtmisinin ginst mlri n nr. Moluls 15: Kuklová, M., H. Hniličková, J. Kukl n F. Hniličk Environmntl impt of th Al smltr on physiology n mronutrint ontnts in plnts n Cmisols. Plnt Soil Environ. 61: Luo, S.Q., J.G. Hung n L. Yun Nutrints n miroorgnisms in soils with wil Artmisi nnu L. At Pol. Sin. 51: Luo, S.Q., L. Yun, Y.K. Wu n J.G. Hung Efft of frtiliztion on phnolis n ntioxint tivitis of Artmisi nnu. Chin. J. Chin. Mtr. M. 1: Mrtínz-Blno, J., A. Antón, J. Rirvll, M. Cstllri n P. Muñoz Compring nutritionl vlu n yil s funtionl units in th nvironmntl ssssmnt of hortiulturl proution with orgni or minrl frtiliztion. Int. J. Lif Cyl Assss. 16: Mhi, S.M., M. Srfrz, M.A. Qurshi, M. Ilys, M.A. Zk, M.A. Qzi n H.U. Rf Sit-spifi phosphorus mngmnt with inorgni frtiliz n muniipl soli wst ompost pplition in slt fft soil. Pk. J. Agri. Si. 55: Png, W.X., K.L. Wng, T.Q. Song, F.P. Zng n J.R. Wng. 28. Controlling n rstortion mols of omplx grtion of vulnrl Krst osystm. At Eol. Sin. 28: Tishr, A., E. Blgotsky n U. Hmr Miroil ommunity strutur n rsour vilility riv th tlyti ffiiny of soil nzyms unr lnus hng onitions. Soil Biol. Biohm. 89: Wng, L.C., D.W. L, P. Zuo, Y.K. Zhou n Y.P. Xu Krst nvironmnt n o-povrty in southwstrn Chin: A s stuy of Guizhou Provin. Chin. Gogr. Si. 14: Wu, J.G. n L. Ai. 28. Soil miroil tivity n iomss C n N ontnt in thr typil osystms in Qilin Mountins. Chin. J. Plnt Eol. 32: Yo, H.Y. n C.Y. Hung. 26. Eology n stuy mtho of soil miroorgnism. Chins Sin Prss, Bijing, Chin. Zhng, J.J., H. Li, H.J. Go, P. Zhu, Q. Go n L.C. Wng Effts of long-trm frtiliztion n ropping rgims on totl nitrogn n orgni nitrogn forms in

8 Luo, Zho, Yng, Di, Zhng & Hu Mollisol of Northst Chin. Plnt Soil Environ. 6: Zhu, C.W., Q.L. Zng, H.Y. Yu, S.J. Liu, G.Q. Dong n J.G. Zhu Efft of lvt CO 2 on th growth n mronutrint (N, P n K) uptk of nnul wormwoo (Artmisi nnu L.). Posphr 26: