Influence of Reducing Herbicides Rates in Washington Navel Orange Trees

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1 Glol Journl o Sin Frontir Rsrh Ariultur & Bioloy Volum 12 Issu 5 Vrsion 1.0 April 2012 Typ : Doul Blin Pr Rviw Intrntionl Rsrh Journl Pulishr: Glol Journls In. (USA) Onlin ISSN: & Print ISSN: Inlun o Ruin Hriis Rts in Wshinton Nvl Orn Trs By A.A.A. Hssn Botny Dprtmnt Ntionl Rsrh Cntr, Ciro, Eypt Astrt - This stuy ws rri out urin two sussiv ssons 2007 n 2008 on 25 yrs ol Wshinton Nvl orn trs Citrus sinnsis L.; u on sour orn root stok rowin in privt orhr. To stuy inlun o ruin hriis rts in Wshinton Nvl orn trs. Th prsnt invstition ovr th t o som hriis with two rts or h (rommn os n hl o rommn os + 4K ur /) s wll s hn hoin on ontrollin ws spr in itrus orhr. Thr ws siniint prssion in rsh wiht o rss, ro lv n totl ws with hn hoin n hriis trtmnts (Touhown, Fluziop-utyl n Pnimthlin with rommn n hl rommn os + 4K ur/) whn ompr with unw trtmnt. th ur to hl rommn os o hriis v th sm t o th rommn os o hriis to ro lv n rss ws in itrus orhr n non show ny phylotoxi t on th oli o itrus plnts. Pnimthlin IL + 4 K ur / trtmnt v th hihst yil / tr whn ompr with othr hriis trtmnts. Kywors : Hriis, W, Wshinton Nvl orn trs. GJSFR-D Clssiition : FOR Co: , , Inlun o Ruin Hriis Rts in Wshinton Nvl Orn Trs Stritly s pr th omplin n rultions o : A.A.A. Hssn.This is rsrh/rviw ppr, istriut unr th trms o th Crtiv Commons Attriution- Nonommril 3.0 Unport Lins prmittin ll non ommril us, istriution, n rproution in ny mium, provi th oriinl work is proprly it.

2 Inlun o Ruin Hriis Rts in Wshinton Nvl Orn Trs A.A.A. Hssn Astrt - This stuy ws rri out urin two sussiv ssons 2007 n 2008 on 25 yrs ol Wshinton Nvl orn trs Citrus sinnsis L.; u on sour orn root stok rowin in privt orhr. To stuy inlun o ruin hriis rts in Wshinton Nvl orn trs. Th prsnt invstition ovr th t o som hriis with two rts or h (rommn os n hl o rommn os + 4K ur /) s wll s hn hoin on ontrollin ws spr in itrus orhr. Thr ws siniint prssion in rsh wiht o rss, ro lv n totl ws with hn hoin n hriis trtmnts (Touhown, Fluziop-utyl n Pnimthlin with rommn n hl rommn os + 4K ur/) whn ompr with unw trtmnt. th ur to hl rommn os o hriis v th sm t o th rommn os o hriis to ro lv n rss ws in itrus orhr n non show ny phylotoxi t on th oli o itrus plnts. Pnimthlin IL + 4 K ur / trtmnt v th hihst yil / tr whn ompr with othr hriis trtmnts. Kywors : Hriis, W, Wshinton Nvl orn trs. I. Introution Inrsin th proution o itrus is o rt importn. This my hiv y improvin th ronomi prtis mon whih w ontrol. Ws on th othr hn whn oun in itrus orhr miht us rt prolm us ws ompt irtly with itrus trs or moistur n soil nutrints. W lso rprsnts tool or trnsmission o psts, n vn liht in th s o limin vins, whih n sily ovr youn trs i lt unontroll (Ro, 2000), (EL - Shmm, n Hssn, 2001), (O'-onnll, n 25 Snyr, 2004) n (Yn t l, 2007) Nowys, thr is short in rm lour n inrs in th ost o hn lour n thror, hmil ontrol o ws shoul put into onsirtion. Th ojtiv o th prsnt invstition ws to stuy inlun o ruin hriis rts in Wshinton Nvl orn Trs y itionl o ur to ru th rt o us hriis to iv th sm t on ws n lss pollution nvironmnt. In th n o xprimnt, th st trtmnts whih show oo ontrol o ws with rr to thir onomil ost, will rommn to us in itrus orhr (Johnns, t l. 2004) n (Grvn, t l 2009). Author : Botny Dprtmnt Ntionl Rsrh Cntr, Ciro, Eypt. E-mil : hhmhssn@yhoo.om II. Mtril n Mthos Th prsnt stuy ws prorm urin two sussiv ssons n 2008 on 25- yrs ol Wshinton Nvl orn tr Citrus sinnsis L.; u on sour orn root stok rowin in privt orhr. Th trs wr plnt in ly lom soil t 5 6 mtrs prts. Th Orhr ws unr th sin irrition systm. All th xprimntl trs wr trt lik or ll riulturl prtis xpt or th purpos o this stuy. Th xprimnt inlu th ollowin trtmnts 1- Touhown (Glyphost trimsium : N- phosphonomthyl lyin trimthyl sulphonium t 2L/) 2- Touhown (Glyphost trimsium : N- phosphonomthyl lyin trimthyl sulphonium t IL+ 4 K ur /.) 3- Fluziop- utyl (Fusil) utyl 2-[4 (5- triluoromthyl -2- pyriyloxy) Phnoxy] propiont t 2L /. 4- Fluziop utyl (Fusil) utyl 2-[4 - (5- triluromthyl - 2 -Pyriyloxy) phnoxy] propiont t ur / F. 5- Pnimthlin (Stomp 50%), N-(1-thylpropyl) - 3, 4 imthyl 2, 6- imitronzmin t 2 L / F. 6- Pnimthlin (Stomp50%), N-(1-thylpropyl ) -3,4 imthyl - 2,6- imitronzmin t 1L + 4 K ur /. 7- Hn hoin : Plots wr ho two tims yr th irst ultivtion ws rri out in rly Dmr, to pth o out 20 m, th son ws rri out in rly July to pth o out 10 m. 8- Control : whr ws wr lt without ontrol to ompr th t o irnt w ontrol trtmnts on th oriinl w popultion n to onirm th nsity o irnt kins o ws. Th spry volum in hriil Trtmnts ws 400 L/ n ll hmil w ontrol trtmnts wr ppli t July o h sson. For h trtmnt, our rplits wr us, h rplit onsist o on tr, n thus w h totl o 32 trs. Th xprimntl trs wr ivi into uniorm roups orin to th tr vior n proutivity. Eh roup ontin numr o trtmnts n th ompltly rnomiz lok sin ws us. V April XII Issu V rsion I Glol Journl o Sin Frontir Rsrh ( D ) Volum 2012 Glol Journls In. (US)

3 Inlun o Ruin Hriis Rts in Wshinton Nvl Orn Trs XII Issu V V rsion I April Glol Journl o Sin Frontir Rsrh ( D ) Volum Ws wr hn pull rom squr mtr rom th mil prt o h trtmnt t 6 wks n 12 wks tr pplition o hriis. ) Ws wr lssii to thr roups 1- Grss ws 2- Bro lv ws 3- Totl ws Frsh wiht pr 1m 2 o h roup o ws ws trmin. At th ommril hrvstin tim (pproximtly th lst wk o Dmr) in h sson th yil ws stimt on th sis o numr n wiht o ruits pr tr. Dt otin in oth sson wr sujt to th propr sttistil nlysis orin (Snor n Cohrn, 1990).Trtmnts mns wr ompr usin Dunn's multipl rn tst (Dunn, 1995) t th 5% lvl o proility. III. Rsults n Disussion ) Et o w ontrol trtmnts on w popultion Th ominnt w spis nountr in th xprimntl plots urin th two ssons oul rrn in snin orr s ollows: ) Annul ro lv ws inlu. Smll insttion o piw (Amrnthus sp.) pursln w (portul olr, L), s t (Bt vulris, L) Smll nttl (Urti urns, L), yllow sorrl (Oxlis orniult, L) n nttl lv (Chnopoium murl, L). ) Annul rsss, inlu r rss (Polypoon monsplinsils L.) n junlri (Ehinohlo olonum L,) link. Frsh wiht o ro lv rsss n totl ws in m pr squr mtr s t y irnt w ontrol trtmnts, tr 6 n 12 wks rom pplition o hriis in ssons 2007 n 2008 is prsnt in Fi. (1). i. Bro lv ws (/m 2 ) Dt ror in Fi. (1) rvl tht rsh wiht o ro lv ws ws siniintly t y irnt w ontrol trtmnts. Th rsults lso init tht hn hoin (twi) trtmnt v th st w ontrol ompr with othr trtmnts in oth 2007 n 2008 ssons. Touhown 2L /. trtmnt s wll s touhown 1L + 4 K ur/. trtmnt v th hihst w ontrol ompr with othr hriil trtmnts n rs rsh wiht o ro lv ws t 6 n 12 wks tr pplition o trtmnts in oth ssons. Th rsults lso init tht pnimthlin 1L+ 4K ur/. ru rsh wiht o rolv ws ompr to ontrol trtmnt y out 43.9, 29.8, 43.2 n 38.6 % t 6 n 12 wks tr pplition in 2007 n 2008 ssons rsptivly. Ths rsults r in hrmony with (Klit n Bhtthryy, 1995).Thy rport tht pplition o Glyphost t 2K /h thr tims t 60 y intrvls n th intrt prti o hoin ollow y Glyphost t 1 K /h omplmnt y prqut t 0.25 K / h % ur ontroll ws in lmon, is vry tivly. ii. Grss ws (/m 2 ) Dt ror in Fi. (1, 2) rvl tht rsh wiht o rss ws ws siniintly y irnt w ontrol trtmnts. Th rsults lso init tht hn hoin trtmnt ws vry tiv in ontrollin rssy ws tr 6 n 12 wks rom pplition in oth ssons n show th hihst iiny in rsin rsh wiht thn ontrol trtmnt y 89.7, 93.7, 94.2 n 94.3% rsptivly. Th rsults lso init tht Touhown 1L+ 4 K ur /. Trtmnt v th st w ontrol ompr with othr hriil trtmnts n rs rsh wiht o rss ws t 6 n 12 wks tr pplition o trtmnt in oth ssons. This trtmnt ru rsh wiht o rss ws ompr to ontrol trtmnt y out 64.9, 74.9 n 80.7% t 6 n 12 wks tr pplition in 2007 n 2008 ssons, rsptivly. Ths rsults r rmnt with (Stphn, t l. 2000), (Liu n Connll, 2003) n (Kolorn n Uyur, 2006). iii. Totl ws (/m 2 ) Gnrlly, rsults in Fi.(1,2) show tht ll w ontrol trtmnt sttistilly rs rsh o totl ws rown in itrus orhr s ompr to unw trtmnt. Whih ror th mximum vlu o rsh wiht o totl ws wr , , n (/m 2 ). With rr to pplition ur to hriis t init tht pplition o ur to hl rommn os o hriis ru th ost o w ontrol n v th sm t o th rommn os o hriis to ro lv n rss ws in itrus orhr n non show ny phytotoxi t on th oli o itrus plnts. This is sty mtho o w ontrol in itrus orhr. Ths rsults r in rmnt with otin y (Klit n Bhtthryy, 1997) oun tht prqut t 0.25K /h % ur ontroll ws in lmons vry tivly n rsult in improv lowrin, ruitin n ruit yil in omprison to othr w mnmnt systms. ) Et o w ontrol trtmnts on tr proution i. Numr o ruits pr tr Rsults in Fi. (3) init tht ll w ontrol inu siniint inrs in numr o ruit pr tr s ompr with ontrol trtmnt, whih v th lowst vlus in th two ssons Glol Journls In. (US)

4 Inlun o Ruin Hriis Rts in Wshinton Nvl Orn Trs ii. Fruit wiht Fruit wiht Fi. (3) ws rtly t y irnt w ontrol trtmnts. Th lowst ruit wiht ws otin rom ontrol trtmnt whih ror 102 n 101 t ssons 2007 n 2008 rsptivly. But pnimthlin t 2L /. Trtmnt n pnimthlin 1L+ 4K ur /. Inrs vrs o ruit wiht ompr with othr hriis trtmnts. This ws tru in th two ssons. iii. Yil (wiht/k pr tr) Yil tr s t y irnt w ontrol trtmnts ws ror in Fi.(3). Th rsults show lrly tht, th irnt w ontrol trtmnts wr rt nouh to rh th siniint lvl t 5%. Th hihst yil pr tr ws prou y hn hoin twi th inrs in yil o tr u to ths trtmnt mount to 83.8 n 85.0 % in 2007 n 2008 ssons rsptivly ompr to ontrol trtmnt. From th rsults o two ssons it oul noti tht usil t 2L /. trtmnt n usil t 1L + 4K ur / trtmnts prou K /tr n K /tr t 2007 sson it shows tht no siniint irns twn thm s wll s touhown t 2L/. n touhown 1L + 4 K ur / trtmnts prou K /tr n K /tr t th 2008 sson. But pnimthlin 1L + 4K ur / trtmnt (whih prou 59.62K /tr n K/tr t th 2007 n 2008 rsptivly), v th hihst yil /tr whn ompr with othr hriis trtmnts. This supriority in tr proutivly my u to th umultiv t o w ontrol trtmnt tht rsult ttr rition n hn limint nrous omptitiv w rsss, ro lv n totl ws) ths rsults r in hrmony with (Hssn n A El- Ny, 1998) n (Hssn t l, 2006) thy rport tht ll w ontrol trtmnts v hih siniint inrs in th ruit wiht n yil s ompr with ontrol trtmnt. Rrns Réérns Rrnis 1. Dunn, D.B., Multipl rn n multipl. tsts. - Biomtris, 11: EL - Shmm, M.S. n Hssn. A.A.A., A omprtiv stuy o som w ontrol mthos on Thompson slss vins. Assiut Journl o Ari.si.vol 32 (1) Grvn, R, Vitori Filho,.R, Alvs, P.L.C.A. Mzzr,P, Grvn,A.R., 2009 Low lyphost rts o not t itrus limoni (L) osk slins. Pst Mnmnt Sin. Vol 65 (4): Hssn,A.A.A. n A El Ny S.K.M., Rspons o Wshinton nvl orn trs n ssoit ws to w ontrol mthos. Minoiy.J.Ari. Rs.vol 23 (5), Hssn,.A.A.A,.EL-Shhwy,.T.A, Mtwly, G.M., Annul n prnnil w ontrol in itrus orhr. Bull.NRC.Eypt, vol.31, No (1). 6. Johnns M.Sholr n Grory E.Monl., Prliminry vlution o non synthti hriis or w mnmnt in orni orn proution Pro.Fl Stt Hort.So.117: Klit, H, n R.K Bhtthryy., 1995 Intrt w mnmnt in Assm lmon (itrus limon Burm. F.) orhr Hort.J.8,2, Klit, H. n R.K. Bhtthryyu., 1997 W ontrol throuh Prqut in Assm lmon (itrus limon Burm. F.) orhr. Crops Rs. Hisr 14, 2, Kolorn,-O, Uyur,-F.N., 2006 Th t o irnt w ontrol mthos in itrus orhr in Cukurov Rion Turkiy Hroloji Drisi, 9 (1): Liu.F.O.Connll, N., 2003 Movmnt o simzin in runo wtr n w ontrol rom itrus orhr s t y ru rt o hrii pplition. Biorsour. Thnoloy vol.86 (3) O'-onnll,-N-V, Snyr, - R-L, 2004.Monitorin soil moistur with inxpnsiv iltri snsors ( Ehopro) in itrus orhr unr low volum irrition.at Hortiultur. (664): Ro.V.S., 2000 Prinipl o w sin (Rprint). Oxor & I B H pulishin Co. Nw Dlhi pp Stphn S.Ditz n Huo T.Rmirz., 2000.Milston (Azniin): nw pr-mrnt Hrii or itrus. Proins o th Cliorni w Sin Soity vol Snor, G.W. n Cohrn W.G., 1980 Sttistil Mthos. Sixth Eition. low Stt Univ. Prss Ams Iow, U.S.A.. Yn Yison, Wn Hn, Tn jin Jun, Chn- Xin., 2007.Et o w mnmnt prtis on orhr soil ioloil n rtility proprtis in southstrn Chin Soil n Till Rsrh 93 (1): XII Issu V V rsion I April Glol Journl o Sin Frontir Rsrh ( D ) Volum 2012 Glol Journls In. (US)

5 Inlun o Ruin Hriis Rts in Wshinton Nvl Orn Trs Fiur Cptions Fi.1: Et o w ontrol trtmnts on rsh wiht o ws (/m2) in sson Fi. 2 : Et o w ontrol trtmnts on rsh wiht o ws (/m2) in sson Fi.3 : Et o w ontrol trtmnts on tr proutivity urin 2007 n 2008 ssons. 200 /m 2 6 wks tr pplition o trtmnts XII Issu V V rsion I April Glol Journl o Sin Frontir Rsrh ( D ) Volum Trtmnts Bro - lv Grssy ws Totl ws Touhown 2L/ /m 2 Touhown 2L/ Touhown Fusil t ur 2L / / Fusil t 1L +4K ur / Pnimth Pnimth lin t lin t 2L/ 1L +4K 12 wks tr pplition o trtmnts Touhown ur / Fusil t 2L / Fusil t 1L +4K ur / Pnimth Pnimth lin t lin t 2L/ 1L +4K Hn hoin (twi) Hn hoin (twi) Unw (ontrol) Bro - lv Grssy ws Totl ws Unw (ontrol) Fi.1: Et o w ontrol trtmnts on rsh wiht o ws (/m2) in sson Glol Journls In. (US)

6 Inlun o Ruin Hriis Rts in Wshinton Nvl Orn Trs 250 /m 2 6 wk tr pplition o trtmnts Trtmnts Touhown 2L/ Touhown ur/ Fusil t 2L / Fusil t 1L + 4K ur / Pnimth lin t 2L/ Pnimth lin t1l+4 K ur/ Hn hoin (twi) Bro - lv Grssy ws Totl ws Unw (ontrol) XII Issu V V rsion I April Trtmnts /m 2 Touhown 2L/ Touhown ur/ 12 wk tr pplition o trtmnts Fusil t 2L / Fusil t 1L + 4K ur / Pnimth lin t 2L/ Pnimth lin t1l+4 K ur/ Hn hoin (twi) Bro - lv Grssy ws Totl ws h Unw (ontrol) Glol Journl o Sin Frontir Rsrh ( D ) Volum Fi. 2 : Et o w ontrol trtmnts on rsh wiht o ws (/m2) in sson Glol Journls In. (US)

7 Inlun o Ruin Hriis Rts in Wshinton Nvl Orn Trs 40 /m XII Issu V V rsion I April Touhown 2L/ Touhown ur/ Fusil t 2L / Numr o ruit /tr (Fruit wiht ( (Yil /tr (K /m Fusil t 1L + 4K ur / Pnimth lin t 2L/ Pnimth lin t Hn hoin (twi) Unw (ontrol) Glol Journl o Sin Frontir Rsrh ( D ) Volum Touhown 2L/ Touhown ur/ Fusil t 2L / Fi.3 : Et o w ontrol trtmnts on tr proutivity urin 2007 n 2008 ssons. Fusil t 1L + 4K ur / Pnimth lin t 2L/ Pnimth lin t Numr o ruit /tr (Fruit wiht ( (Yil /tr (K Hn hoin (twi) Unw (ontrol) 2012 Glol Journls In. (US)

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