Effect of Some Preharvest Treatments on the Incidence of Waterberry Disorder and on Fruit Quality Characteristics of Thompson Seedless Table Grapes

Transcription

1 Amrin-Eursin J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 17 (5): , 2017 ISSN IDOSI Pulitions, 2017 DOI: /iosi.js Et o Som Prhrvst Trtmnts on th Inin o Wtrrry Disorr n on Fruit Qulity Chrtristis o Thompson Slss Tl Grps Si M. Atti n Krim M. Frg Dprtmnt o Hortiultur (Pomology), Fulty o Agriultur, Dmnhour Univrsity, Egypt Astrt: Th prsnt stuy ws onut uring 2015 n 2016 growing ssons, y using 6-yrs-ol Thompson slss grpvins to invstigt th rol o som Prhrvst spry ompouns on th inin o wtrrry physiologil isorrs n on th nhnmnt o lustr n rry hrtristis o grps. A totl o 9 trtmnts inlu th ontrol (wtr spry), GA (20 ppm), lisophos (200 ppm), CCl 2 (0.5%), molynum (100 ppm), GA plus ithr CCl 2or molynum n lisophos plus ithr CCl 2or molynum. Trtmnts wr ppli twi uring rry vlopmnt, irtly tr ruit st n on month ltr uring th two growing ssons. Th rsults prov tht ll trtmnts signiintly ru wtrrry isorr. In ition, rry-trt with lisophos plus ithr CCl 2 or molynum lowr ion lkg prntg. Furthrmor, ll trtmnts nhn lustr n rry hrtristis suh s lustr wight, rry wight n imtr. Both GA, CCl 2 n omintions trtmnts rs rry TSS, totl sugrs n inrs rry iity. Lisophos n molynum trtmnts inrs TSS, totl sugrs, rry rotn ontnts n rs rry iity n rry hlorophylls s ompr with GA or CCl trtmnts ut similr to ontrol 2 trtmnt. GA trtmnt inrs rry nitrogn ontnts. On th othr hn, molynum trtmnt rs rry nitrogn ontnts ut inrs rry molynum ontnts. Morovr, CCl trtmnt 2 inrs rry lium ontnts. Lisophos trtmnt inrs rry potssium, lium n molynum ontnts. Ky wors: Grps Lisophos CCl GA Qulity Wtrrry 2 INTRODUCTION n intgrity mintining n inhiit thyln proution. Hiny [6] n Pikring [7] rport tht th Wtrrry is physiologil isorr ing th pplition o GA tr ruit st ru th inin o proution o grps roun th worl. Wtrrry physiologil isorrs o grps suh s BSN. Th isorr is known y mny nms suh s unh stm pplition o GA uring ruit st inrs rry wight, nrosis (BSN), shnking n withring [1]. Th rry siz, lustr wight n ls to thikr rry skin onitions tht us wtrrry isorr inlu o "Thompson slss" grp rris [8-10]. grpvin ovr-ropping, hormonl n imln Phospholipi n lysophospholipis hv n nutrition, pil nrosis n tyloss [2, ]. Th rport s potntil growth rgultor [11, 12]. Th symptoms o isorr inlu sot rris, rris lk o pplition o phospholipi suh s lisophos prsrv sugrs, olor, lvor n shipping qulity. mmrn hlth, mintin ruit irmnss, ru ion Girlli i (GA) is plnt growth rgultor lkg o tissu n rtr ruit n l snsn promoting growth n positivly rgults mny [1, 14]. It thus pprs tht lisophos oul hv th prosss. Th impt o GA trtmnt on th grp potntil to ru wtrrry isorr in "Thompson lustr pns on th onntrtion n vlopmnt slss" grp rris y mintining mmrn n ll stg [4]. Thilr n Coom [5] summriz th positiv wll intgrity n inhiit th tivity o phospholips D rols o GA on lustr n rris o grps inlu (ls to mmrn rkown) [15]. Th pplition o rmin punl hlthy, inrs mtxylm r, lysophospholipis suh s LPE nhn ruit qulity o pil thikning, sink strngth, rs wtr loss "Thompson slss" tl grps [16]. Corrsponing Author: Si M. Atti, Dprtmnt o Hortiultur (Pomology), Fulty o Agriultur, Dmnhour Univrsity, Egypt. 92

2 Am-Eurs. J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 17 (5): , 2017 Clium is ky plnt nutrint tht hs signiint GA + CCl 2. rol in ll untions inlu ruing sotning n GA + Molynum. snsn o ruits [17]. Clium iiny oul Lisophos+ CCl 2. inrs ll wll mmrn prmility n l to Lisophos+ Molynum. inrs th tivity o nzyms lik ptin mthyl strs n polygltourns in ruit, whih rlt on Th surtnt Topilm ws to ll trtmnts t uss mny physiologil isorrs o ruits suh s 0.5 m/ L. Th xprimntl vins riv th trtmnts wtrrry in grps, ittr pit in ppl n rok spot in t two pplition tims, th irst spry ws ppli prs [18-20]. Prhrvst pplition o CCl 2 to th grp irtly tr ruit st (5, 10 My) uring 2015 n 2016 unh improv lustr n rry hrtristis o ssons, rsptivly whil th son ws ppli on "Thompson slss" tl grps, in ition, inrs month ltr in oth ssons o stuy y using hn rry lium ontnts [21-2]. spryr to th point o runo. Molynum is n ssntil tr lmnt or plnt growth, nitrogn ssimiltion nzyms suh s nitrt Clustr n Brry Physil n Chmil ruts whih prtiipt irtly or inirtly with Chrtristis: At hrvst, thr lustrs rom h nitrogn mtolism [24]. Thus, th umultion o rplition wr pik n rris wr rmov rom nitrogn in plnt tissu hs n shown to us nrosis h unh, 100-rry smpl ws rnomly ollt [25]. Th pplition o olir sprys soium molyt rom h rplit to trmin th ollowing physil signiintly inrs yil, uniorm rry siz n n hmil hrtristis: Numr o wtrrry/ 100 vlopmnt, whil inrs vin molynum sttus rris (%), lustr wight (g), lustr lngth (m), [26]. Molynum iiny in grpvins hs rntly Eltrolyt lkg o lustr pils (%), Eltrolyt n suggst s th primry us o unh lkg o lustr ltrls (%) ws msur oring to vlopmnt isorrs ll rly unh stm nrosis stnr prour [1], 100 rry wight (g), 100 rry (EBSN) n millrng [27, 28]. volums (m ), rry imtr (m), rry lngth (m). On Aoring to th ov isussion, th im o this th othr hn, in jui o rris, totl solul solis stuy ws to invstigt th t o prhrvst spry o (TSS) wr trmin y hn rrtomtr, titrtl GA, lisophos, CCl 2 n molynum on wtrrry iity (s trtri i) ws trmin oring to physiologil isorr n lustr n rry A.O.A.C [29], th rtio twn TSS / iity ws hrtristis t hrvst o "Thompson slss" tl lult. Totl sugrs wr trmin oring to grps ultivr. Smith [0], Chlorophyll, n rotns wr trmin oring to Lihtnthlr n Wllurn [1]. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nitrogn (N), Potssium (K), Clium (C) n Exprimnt Dsription: Six-yrs-ol Thompson Molynum (Mo) in Brris t Hrvst: Th moii slss grp vins grown on own roots, wr slt miro-kjlhl pprtus o Prnrs n Wgnr s or onuting this xprimnt uring th two growing sri y Jons t l. [2] ws mploy or totl ssons 2015 n 2016, in privt orhr t Eloustn nitrogn (mg/ L) trmintion oring to A.O.A.C []. rgion, Bhir govrnort, Egypt. Soil typ ws sny Totl potssium (mg/ L) wr stimt n rip irrigtion systm ws opt. Y shp trllis Flmphotomtrilly using Lnwy Flmphotomtr systm ws us n n pruning ws us y rtining mol Corning 400 oring to Ptrurgski [4]. Totl Ey / n. Th vins in this stuy wr slt on lium n molynum (mg/ L) wr stimt using th sis o vin growth uniormity. Th tril ws tomi sorption sptrophotomtr (A Prkin-Elmr, sign s rnomiz omplt lok sign (RCBD), Mol 280.USA) oring to th mthos o Chpmn th ollowing trtmnts wr rri out with our n Prtt [5]. rplits (9 trtmnts * 2 spry * 4 rplits): Wtr only (Control). Assssmnt o Wtrrry Dvlopmnt tr two Dys 20 mg/l Girlli i (GA ). o Hrvst: To invstigt th t o irnt 200 mg/l Lisophos (Lysophospholipi 70%). trtmnts on wtrrry vlopmnt tr hrvst, thr 0.5% CCl 2. lustrs rom h rplit ws kpt t mint 100 mg/l Molynum (Soium Molyt). tmprtur (20 ± 2 C) or two ys, ltrolyt lkg o 9

3 Am-Eurs. J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 17 (5): , 2017 lustr pils (%) n ltrolyt lkg o lustr ltrls (%) wr msur oring to stnr prour [1]. in omintion with CCl2 or molynum. Furthrmor, Prhrvst pplitions o lisophos, CCl 2, molynum n in omintion wr grtr inrs lustr wight s ompr with ontrol trtmnts ut lowr thn GA Sttistil Anlysis: Th xprimnt sign ws trtmnts. rnomiz omplt lok sign with our rplitions. Th t in (Tl 2) init to signiint Dt wr sujt to nlysis o vrin using inrs in rry wight n rry volum in oth sttistil nlysis systm [6]. Th lst signiint tst ssons o stuy y ll olir hmil spry ompr ws us to ompr mong mns t 0.05 lvls to th ontrol. Th highst rry wight n volum wr oring to Snor n Cohrn [7]. otin with GA trtmnts ollow y molynum, lisophos plus CCl 2 n lisophos plus molynum. With RESULTS rgr to rry lngth t hrvst, th t in (Tl 2) show tht GA trtmnts us signiint inrs Prhrvst olir pplition o ll spry hmil in rry lngth s ompr with th ontrol in oth signiintly ru wtrrry isorr prntg s ssons. On th othr hn, thr wr no signiint ompr with ontrol (Figur 1). Th lowst prntg hng ws oun in rry lngth twn lisophos, o wtrrry isorrs ws otin with lisophos t 200 CCl 2 n molynum trtmnts. Th hngs in rry ppm plus ithr CCl 2 t 0.05% or molynum t 100 ppm imtr in rspons to vrious trtmnts t hrvst n girlli i t 10 ppm plus molynum t 100 provi vin tht rry imtr inrs y GA ppm ollow y iniviul trtmnts s ompr with pplition whthr ppli lon or inorport with ontrol trtmnt in 2014 n 2015 ssons. ithr molynum or CCl 2. On th othr hn, no Rgring ltrolyt lkg, th t in (Tl 1) signiint hng ws oun in rry imtr y othr show tht "Thompson slss" lustrs trt with trtmnts rltiv to th ontrol in oth ssons. lisophos plus CCl 2 n lisophos plus molynum h With rgr to TSS in rspons to Prhrvst lowr ion lkg prntg s ompr to ontrol trtmnts wr rport in (Tl ). Th t illustrt spilly in th son sson Morovr, thr tht thr wr no signiint irns twn wr no signiint irns twn GA n ontrol lisophos, molynum n ontrol trtmnt in rry TSS. or ltrolyt lkg o ltrls, spilly in th son On th othr hn, oth GA n CCl 2 trtmnts sson. Th t in (Tl 1) show tht Prhrvst ru TSS% s ompr with othr trtmnts n pplition o GA lon or in omintion with CCl 2or ontrol. Similr trn o rsults ws otin with ruit molynum signiintly inrs lustr lngth s totl sugrs. Chngs in ruit iity in rspons to ompr with othr trtmnts n ontrol in oth Prhrvst ppli trtmnts wr rport in. Th t ssons. Morovr, lustr wight (g) ws signiintly show tht GA-trt rry grps h highr iity inrs with prhrvst olir pplition with irnt ontnt thn tht o ontrol n othr trtmnts. On th trtmnts in oth ssons (Tl 1). Mximum lustr othr hn, th pplition o lisophos, molynum n wight ws ror y GA trtmnts whthr lon or lisophos plus molynum rsult in lowr iity s Fig. 1: Et o prhrvst trtmnts on wtrrry physiologil isorr t hrvst o "Thompson slss" grps. 94

4 Am-Eurs. J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 17 (5): , 2017 Tl 1: Et o prhrvst ppli trtmnts on lustr physil hrtristis o "Thompson slss" grps t hrvst uring 2015 n 2016 ssons. Eltrolyt lkg Eltrolyt lkg o lustr ltrls (%) o lustr pils (%) Clustr lngth (m) Clustr wight (g) Trtmnts Control GA 10 ppm Lisophos 200 ppm CCl 2 0.5% Mo 100 ppm GA + CCl GA + Mo Lisophos+ CCl Lisophos+ Mo Vlus, within olumn, o similr lttr (s) r not signiintly irnt oring to LSD (P = 0.05). Tl 2: Brry physil hrtristis o "Thompson slss" grps t hrvst s inlun y prhrvst trtmnts uring 2015 n 2016 ssons. Wight o 100 rris (g) Volum o 100 rris (m ) Brry lngth (m) Brry imtr (m) Trtmnts Control GA 10 ppm Lisophos 200 ppm CCl 2 0.5% Mo 100 ppm GA + CCl GA + Mo Lisophos+ CCl Lisophos+ Mo Vlus, within olumn, o similr lttr (s) r not signiintly irnt oring to LSD (P = 0.05). Tl : Et o vrious prhrvst trtmnts on rry hmil hrtristis o "Thompson slss" grps t hrvst uring 2015 n 2016 ssons. TSS% Aiity% TSS/ iity rtio Totl Sugrs% Trtmnts Control GA 10 ppm Lisophos 200 ppm CCl 2 0.5% Mo 100 ppm GA + CCl GA + Mo Lisophos+ CCl Lisophos+ Mo Vlus, within olumn, o similr lttr (s) r not signiintly irnt oring to LSD (P = 0.05). ompr with GA trtmnts ut similr to ontrol GA plus molynum in oth ssons. CCl 2 lon trtmnt. Thr ws signiint inrs in TSS/ iity us signiint inrs in hlorophyll to ontrol rtio s rsult o using lisophos, molynum n trtmnts. Morovr, thr wr no signiint lisophos plus molynum trtmnts s ompr with irns mong lisophos, molynum n lisophos GA trtmnts ut similr to ontrol trtmnt. Morovr, plus molynum rlt to ontrol. Th t in (Tl 4) GA trtmnts ru TSS/ iity rtio s ompr prov tht rry trt with GA plus CCl 2 possss with ontrol trtmnt. th highst hlorophyll. on th othr hn, lisophos Th t in (Tl 4) show tht GA plus CCl2- plus molynum trt rry possss th lowst trt rry o Thompson slss grps possss hlorophyll ontnt. With rgr to rry rotn th highst hlorophyll ontnt ollow y GA n ontnt t hrvst, th t in Tl 4 rvl tht rry 95

5 Am-Eurs. J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 17 (5): , 2017 Tl 4: Et o vrious prhrvst trtmnts on rry pl hlorophyll, hlorophyll n rotn o "Thompson slss" grps t hrvst uring 2015 n 2016 ssons. Chlorophyll (mg/ 100 g) Chlorophyll (mg/ 100 g) Crotn (mg/ 100 g) Trtmnts Control GA 10 ppm Lisophos 200 ppm CCl 2 0.5% Mo 100 ppm g g GA + CCl GA + Mo Lisophos+ CCl Lisophos+ Mo Vlus, within olumn, o similr lttr (s) r not signiintly irnt oring to LSD (P = 0.05). Tl 5: Nitrogn (N), Potssium (K), Clium (C) n Molynum (Mo) onntrtion o "Thompson slss" tl grps t hrvst s t y vrious prhrvst trtmnts. N (mg/ L) K (mg/ L) C (mg/ L) Mo (mg/ L) Trtmnts Control GA 10 ppm Lisophos 200 ppm g g CCl 2 0.5% h h Mo 100 ppm GA + CCl GA + Mo Lisophos+ CCl g Lisophos+ Mo Vlus, within olumn, o similr lttr (s) r not signiintly irnt oring to LSD (P = 0.05). trt with lisophos, molynum n lisophos plus lium, molynum s ompr with ontrol trtmnt ithr molynum or CCl 2 inrs rry rotn in oth ssons. ontnts ompr with GA-trtmnts ut similr to Th t prsnt in Tl 6 illustrts th t o ontrol in oth ssons. On th othr hn, GA n irnt Prhrvst ppli trtmnts on wtrrry CCl 2 trt rry grps rs rotn ontnt s vlopmnt tr kping lustrs t mint tmprtur ompr with ontrol n othr trtmnts. or two ys. Th t init tht ll trtmnts Rgring rry minrl ontnts t hrvst, th t rs th prntg o wtrrry s ompr with in (Tl 5) init tht sprying rry Thompson ontrol trtmnt in onsistnt mnnr in oth ssons. slss grpvins with GA t 10 ppm irtly tr ruit Th inorportion o ithr CCl2 or molynum with st n on month ltr signiintly inrs rry lisophos solution rsult in signiint rution in nitrogn n potssium ontnts. On th ontrry, wtrrry prntg. Th t in Tl 6 show tht molynum olir spry t 100 ppm twi uring rry th grtst rry lkg ws otin with non-trt vlopmnt rs rry nitrogn ontnts n rry (ontrol). On th othr hn, ll trtmnts ru inrs rry potssium, lium n molynum th prntg o ltrolyt lkg. Morovr, th ontnts. Furthrmor, olir pplition with CCl2 inorportion o CCl 2 or molynum with ithr inrs rry lium ontnts. Morovr, lisophos lisophos or GA rsult in signiint rs in trtmnt lon or in omintion with ithr CCl 2 or ltrolyt lkg prntg sin thy ll h lss molynum in on ormultion signiintly rs ltrolyt lkg prntg s ompr with th rry nitrogn ontnt n inrs rry potssium, ontrol trtmnt. 96

6 Am-Eurs. J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 17 (5): , 2017 Tl 6: Et o prhrvst trtmnts on th vlopmnt o wtrrry isorr, ltrolyt lkg o lustr ltrls n ltrolyt lkg o lustr pils tr two ys on shl (t mint tmprtur) uring 2015 n 2016 ssons. Eltrolyt lkg Eltrolyt lkg Wtrrry% o lustr ltrls (%) o lustr pils (%) Trtmnts Control GA 10 ppm Lisophos 200 ppm CCl 2 0.5% Mo 100 ppm GA + CCl2 1 g GA + Mo 1 g 26.9 g Lisophos+ CCl h Lisophos+ Mo Vlus, within olumn, o similr lttr (s) r not signiintly irnt oring to LSD (P = 0.05). DISCUSSION Prhrvst trtmnts with GA nhn lustr n rry hrtristis o Thompson slss grps t Th rs in wtrrry isorrs o Thompson hrvst [10, 2, 42]. In th prsnt stuy, GA spry slss grps (Figur 1) spilly y lisophos show positiv ts on lustr n rry might ttriut to its inlun on mintining th hrtristis (Tl 1 n 2). Ths rsults oul mmrn intgrity n slowing th rkown o ll ttriut to irt t o GA on promoting growth wlls whih rlts on ruing th physiologil y stimulting ll ivision n ll nlrgmnt, isorrs [1, 14, 8]. Furthrmor, Thilr n Coom [5] inrsing plstiity o th ll wll, ruing wtr oun tht th pplition o GA to th punl uring potntil o th ll n nhn sink strngth [4]. ruit st mintin hlthy punl, signiintly Mrzouk n Kssm [2] n Alrshi t l. [10] inrs th r o th mtxylm n inrs rport tht spry Thompson slss with GA punl thikning. Aormntion, th ts o GA tr ruit st nhn lustr n rry on punl hrtristis rlts on th pssg o hrtristis suh s lustr wight, rry wight, wtr n lmnts n on th sink strngth potntil o rry siz n rry imtr. Hong t l. [16] rport rry ginst vgttiv growth, whih rlts on n inrs in Thompson slss grp vin y ruing wtrrry isorrs. Th positiv t o sprying LPE. Th positiv t o lisophos on rry CCl2 on ruing wtrrry isorr might ttriut physil hrtristis might ttriut to thir to stiliz ll mmrns n prott ginst ll wll inlun on mintining mmrn intgrity n grtion whih rlt on prvnting physiologil rtring lv snsn whih rlt on isorrs ttriut to lium iiny [9, 40]. photosynthsis [11]. CCl 2 spry show positiv ts Molynum pplition plys n importnt rol in rry on lustr n rry proprtis [10, 2]. Mnwhil, ormtion n nitrogn ssimiltion whih rlt on molynum spry show positiv ts on yil o ruing unh physiologil isorrs [27, 28]. grpvin [26, 28]. Th pplition o phospholipi n Th prsnt stuy show n ovrll nhnmnt lysophospholipis suh s lisophos prsrving mmrn in t h rry hmil qulity y ppli hmils. hlth whih rlts on ruing th lkg o Th t in (Tl ) init tht GA n CCl2 ltrolyts [1]. In th urrnt stuy, lisophos spry trtmnts ru rry TSS n rry totl sugrs. show positiv ts on ruing rry lkg Both GAn CCl 2ly rry ripning. Ths rsults ltrolyts (Tl 1). Th rsults o th prsnt stuy wr in hrmony with th inings o othr rsrhrs gr with thos otin y Ryu t l. [15], Zin [44, 45, 46]. On th othr hn, oth GA n CCl2 t l. [8] n Frg n Atti [14]. CCl 2 spry lso inrs rry iity s ompr with ontrol n rs rry lkg ltrolyts s ompr with th othr trtmnts [10, 2]. Furthrmor, lisophos n ontrol (Tl 1). Th positiv t o CCl 2 on ruing molynum trtmnts show no signiint t on rry lkg oul ttriut to thir t on TSS, totl sugrs n rry iity s ompr with stiliztion n rigiity o ll mmrns n wlls [41]. ontrol trtmnt ut highr thn GA n CCl. 2 97

7 Am-Eurs. J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 17 (5): , 2017 Th positiv t o lisophos on rry pigmnts 5. Thilr, R. n B.G. Coom, Inlun o rry ws prviously rport [16, 47, 48]. Ths positiv growth n growth rgultors on th vlopmnt o ts might ttriut to nhn thyln grp punls in Vitis vinir. Vitis, 24: proution [49], stimultion o ripning n nhn 6. Hiny, H.A.A., Stuis on grp stlk nrosis. rotnoi umultion [50]. Also, molynum Univrsitt Hohnhim, Wst Grmny (Astrt). trtmnt nhn rry ormtion n vlopmnt 7. Pikring, A.H., Ftors ting th [28]. On th othr hn, th urrnt stuy show tht prisposition o Crnt Suvignon grpvins oth GA n CCl 2 trtmnts rtr ripning o (Vitis vinir L.) to th physiologil isorr, unh Thompson grps. Ths rsults r in hrmony with stm nrosis. Ph.D. thsis, Mssy Univrsity, [10, 2] on grps n [51] on pomgrnts. Plmrston North, NZ. Th t in (Tl 5) init tht GA trtmnt 8. Rtmls, J. n T. Coopr, 199. Brry rop n inrs nitrogn n potssium rry ontnts. Th ruit rmovl ors s rlt with GA pplitions rsults suggst n improvmnt o th uptk o ths in tl grps. At Horti., 29: nutrints y th grpvin. Ths rsults wr in 9. Rynols, A.G., J. Rollr, A. Forgion n C. grmnt with Niu t l. [52]. Molynum trtmnt Svigny, Girlli i n sl l inrs rry molynum ontnt. Ths rsults wr rmovl: implitions or ruit mturity, vstigil s in grmnt with th inings o Longottom t l. [26]. vlopmnt n snsory ttriuts o Sovrign CCl 2 trtmnt inrs rry lium ontnts. Corontion grps. Am. J. Enol. Viti., 57: Ths rsults r in grmnt with othr rsrhrs 10. Alrshi, A.M.A., D.A. Al, A.A. Mohm, Ghni t l. [5] on rgon ruit n Elmr t l. [54] on A.M. Slh n A.A. Al-rshi, Qulity, ph ruits. Lisophos trtmnt inrs rry lium, ntioxint ompouns, ntioxint pity n potssium n molynum ontnts. Tht my rlt on nzyms tivity o El-Byi tl grps t trnsport n sorption o mntion minrls. hrvst s t y prhrvst sliyli i n girlli i spry. Si. Horti., 220: CONCLUSION 11. Cown, A.K., Plnt growth promotion y 18:0- lyso- phosphtiylthnolmin involvs In gnrl onlusion, this stuy provi vins snsn ly. Plnt Signl Bhv., 4: out th possiility o ruing th inin o th 12. Wng, X. n K.D. Chpmn, 201. Lipi signlling physiologil isorr known s wtrrry in in plnts. Front. Plnt Si., 4: "Thompson slss" grpvins y prhrvst 1. Frg, K.M. n J.P. Plt, 199. Us o pplition o GA plus ithr CCl2or molynum n lysophosphtiylthnolmin, nturl lipi, to lisophos plus ithr CCl 2 or molynum, whil, rtr tomto l n ruit snsn. Physiol. nhning lustr stms qulity n rry hrtristis. Plnt, 87: Frg, K.M. n S.M. Atti, Enhning REFERENCES olortion n xtning th shl li o plums whil llviting l sission y utilizing 1. Jkson, D.I. n B.G. Coom, Erly unh lysophosphtiylthnolmin n oli i. J.Plnt stm nrosis mttr o nomnltur. Am. J. Proution, Mnsour Univ., 7(7): Enol. Viti., 46: Ryu, S.B., B.H. Krlsson, M. Özgn n J.P. Plt, 2. Ksimtis, A.N., Som tors inluning th Inhiition o phospholips D y vlopmnt o wtr rris in Thompson Slss lysophosphtiylthnolmin, lipi-riv grps grown or tl us. Mstr s thsis, Univr. snsn rtrnt. Pro. Ntl. A. Si., Cliorni, Dvis. 94: Wvr, R.J., Grp growing. John Wily & 16. Hong, J.H., S.K. Hwng, G. Chung n Sons, Nw York. A.K. Cown, Inlun o 4. Tszlák, P., K. Mrinn, G. Krisztin n lysophosphtiythnolmin pplition on ruit M.P. Nikrjm Rgultory ts o qulity o Thompson slss grps. J. Appl. xognous girlli i (GA) on wtr rltions Horti., 9: n CO2 ssimiltion mong grpvin (Vitis vinir 17. Brkr, A.V. n D.J. Pilm, Hnook o L.) ultivrs. Si. Horti., 159: Plnt Nutrition. CRC Prss, Bo Rton, FL. 98

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