Determination of Proper Gamma Radiation Dose in Mutation Breeding in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

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1 Dtrmintion of Propr Gmm Rition in Muttion Bring in Eggplnt (Solnum mlongn L.) Kmil ULUKPI 1, Bus ÖZDEMIR 2,. Ni ONUS 2 1 kniz Univrsity, Votionl Shool of Thnil Sins, Orgni griultur Progrmm, 71, ntly, Turky 2 kniz Univrsity, griulturl Fulty, Dprtmnt of Hortiultur, 71, ntly, Turky orrsponing uthor: kmilonl@kniz.u.tr; Phon: strt This stuy ws onut to trmin th propr os of gmm irrition for th muttion ring progrm of ggplnt (Solnum mlongn L.). To srv th purpos, ss of 12 n 16 ggplnt gnotyps wr sujt to iffrnt oss of gmm rys (, 8, 12, 16 n 18 ) with olt 6 (o-6) y irrition n som hrtristis of M 1 plnts, grmintion rt (%), shoot lngth (m), hypootyls lngth (m), plnt frsh wight (gr/plnt), plnt ry wight, shoot frsh wight (mg/plnt), shoot ry wight (mg/plnt) n lf with (m) n lf lngth (m), wr stui. Th xprimntl rsults rvl tht oss of gmm rys us to vlop nw gnrtion n rt vrition wr vri in orn with gnotyps n iffrnt oss l to signifint rutions in th inspt hrtrs of two ggplnt gnotyps. pplil pproprit os without ny rution, for 12 gnotyp ws trmin s 16gy, no suffiint rution ws osrv for fftiv os for 16 gnotyp. Ky- Wors: Solnum mlongn L., Eggplnt, muttion ring, ffiint os, gmm ry, LD 5 1. Introution Eggplnt is th sixth most prou rop ( tons) in th worl [2]. In Turky, it is n importnt vgtl s it oms ftr tomto n pppr with ton proution in Soln Fmily [5]. Eggplnt is low lorifi vlu plnt (25 kl/1g) n is vry rih plnt in trms of minrls n ftty is suh s, Mg, n P [25]. Its ommon us s tritionl miin for trtmnt of mny isss [16] n its vri, vi rng of us l for th inrs of its proution n onsumption. 8% of popultion inignt ountris liv on griultur n thy hvily suffr from th limt hng. It is rport tht, th portion of rs unr th ngtiv impt of wtr srity n rought hs inrs to 13% from 6% uring lst 3 yrs [3]. hnging onitions h n urg plnt rr to prti on som vnt-gr mthos suh s gnti nginring n muttion ring, s n ition to tritionl mthos. Lik in othr rops thr is gnti ottl-nk u to tritionl ring stuis. Gnti rting muttion my l to th possiility of rting sir ftur(s) whih os not vill in th ntur or hs n lost uring th volution. With th muttion prtis, hromosoms r rokn or gns r hng [18]. Inst of witing for nturl muttion for yrs, rting muttion with iffrnt tools my lot ontriut to ring stuis in iffrnt spts. Ioniz rition us in muttion works ws strt in rly 2 th ntury (1928). Th us of inu rition hs h n importnt rol for th vlopmnt of suprior ftur plnt spis roun th worl for long tim in th lst 5 yrs. oring to th t of Intrntionl tomi Enrgy gny, thr r 3424 mutnt spis xisting [4]. Thr r 313 mutnt spis llow to prou in Ini n 12 of ths r ll vgtls inluing only on vrity of ggplnt [9]. roun th worl, vgtls form only th 3% of th mutnt prouts tht lglly prmitt to trin [15]. s invstigting th urrnt stuis, it is lrly sn tht, mny Fusrium oxysporum f sp. uns (FO) 4 r rsistnt nn vritis, long fruity strwrry vritis, rly fruits priot vritis n wrf ppl vritis with si gronomil fturs, r vlop [12]. Stuis r still ing onut for mny rs suh s mngmnt of soil n wtr, rs of post-hrvsts losss, n minimiz th pstii us, improvmnt of fruit qulity fturs n inrs of prolifiy. Muttion prti is n ltrntiv for th gntilly moifi orgnisms (GMOs) thniqus in trms of sy pplition, ing non-hzrous, ISBN:

2 not sujt to ny spifi lgisltion n low ost for ring stuis. Th most importnt point of muttion ring is to slt th suitl mutgn n vlop mtho to trmin th mutnts [26]. Physil mutgns r mor vntg thn hmil mutgns on not ning of wshing/trting th mtril for rmovl of th mutgn ftr prti [13] n not forming wst. n itionlly, hmil mutgns r vry ngrous hmils n for th rson working mtril shoul ispos vry rfully n lortoris shoul sujt to toxifition in vry til. Th hlth risks rt y physil mutgns r omprtivly lss thn hmil mutgns. Sltion of th mutgn is out th rsrhr s urrnt onitions suh s mutgn ttinility, ost of pplition n lortory infrstrutur [15]. Rition prti, whih is physil mutgn, is wily us mtho in muttion works. Th 9% of otin mutnts wr rt through this pplition (64% with gmmrys, 22% with X-rys) [11, 12]. High-os mutgn pplitions r mor fftiv in muttion prtis for proviing th possiility to rt mor mutnt iniviuls. Yt, th highst pplil os is not us s unll muttions tht l for infrtility n th loss of plnt lif might our [14]. Slow rt growth or sling mgs tht sn ftr s grmintion is usully n initor of tht th plnt ws mg gntilly. S grmintion might sn in high-os prtis, howvr, th high os l th loss of plnt lif ftrwrs [17]. Th ky ftor in irriting th plnt mtril is th os mount tht trmins th rition sor y th plnt. Dtrmintion of suitl mutgn n osg omintion wr im in prvious stuis onut on mny vgtls, fruits n fil rops [9]. s strting point, it is n to trmin LD 5 (Lthl Dosg) vlu to fin xt muttion os [2]. Th plnts snsitivity to irrition vris oring to spis, ultivr n th plnt s physiologil onitions [8]. Muttion os muh mor importnt thn mutgn typ. No mttr wht mutgn is us, firstly, pproprit os of th mutgn shoul trmin for lrg-sl pplition. Thrfor, th im of th prsnt stuy is to trmin th pproprit riting os for ggplnt, whih is vry importnt spis of vgtls. 1. Mtrils n Mthos 1.1. Plnt Mtrils n Mthos In th stuy, 12 n 16 ggplnt ss provi from Gnto S orportion wr us. Th ss us in th xprimnt wr ount n pl in trnsprnt ptri ishs s 1 ss for h ontrol group n rit t, 8, 12, 16, 2 n 24 unr o-6 sour (15 /h) in kniz Univrsity Gmm Rys Dprtmnt. Irrit ss wr sow in viols ontining 1: 1 rt mixtur of pt n prlit. Slings wr grown unr ontroll onitions in grnhouss longing to Gnto S orportion. Grmintion rts of ss r trmin from th 7 th y ftr th sowing until th 14 th y. Th plnts hights r msur on th plnts hrvst with root t th 14 th y, whn th first lf vlopmnt is ovr. Th fftiv os (LD 5 ) mount is trmin y msuring th os tht rss th plnt hight own to 5% [23]. To trmin th ffts of gmm rys t iffrnt lvls on plnt vlopmnt, th vlus of grmintion prntg, shoot lngth, hypootyls lngth, plnt frsh wight, plnt ry wight, shoot frsh wight, shoot ry wight, lf lngth n with wr msur Sttistil nlysis Th xprimnt ws sign oring to ompltly rnomiz with thr rplitions n t nlysis ws rri out using th nlysis of vrin n SS sttistil omputr pkg (p.5) [22]. 3. Rsults n Disussion In this stuy, th highst grmintion prnt ws otin through on ontrol group tivitis for oth gnotyps. s sn in Figur 1, with th inrs of irrition os, grmintion rts rs. Rution of grmintion rts wr osrv s from 1% to 88% (24 ) on 12 gnotyp n from 99% to 92% (24 ) on 16 gnotyp. In th stuy onut y runl t l [6], 1 pplitions l th s grmintion rts to rs pproximtly 5% on ll 5 ggplnt gnotyps thy stui. In nothr stuy onut on lustr n spis, 8 pplition ws n to rs th grmintion t 5% [27]. Inrs gmm rys on Solnum ISBN:

3 mrororpon, known s frin Eggplnt, rs th grmintion prntg [1] n high os gmm rys on Solnum nigrum L. ssp. villosum, whih is lso mmr of Soln fmily, rs oth grmintion prntg n plnt survivl rt [19]. Diffrns twn prsnt stuy n prvious stuis my u to th iffrns on th ing of th DN synthsis n s mtolism [7]. Figur 1. Efft of gmm rys on grmintion prntg in M 1 gnrtion. Srivstv n Roy [24] xmin 5-4 kr gmm rition fft for som vlopmnt fturs on two ggplnt ultivrs n foun tht oth ultivrs rt in th sm wy two iffrnt oss. Two ggplnt ultivrs, KT3 n BG, n whil KT3 vrition ws fft 1% lthl unr 4 kr gmm rition, it ws only 73% for BG. Howvr, Vlu t l [27] otin only 5% s grmintion rs on lustr n ultivrs with 8 pplitions. Ths two rsults init tht ultivr n vritis rt muttion oss iffrntly n iffrntition of vritis hs mjor rol on trmining th fftiv os in muttion stuis. Shoot lngth of th gnotyps, lik s grmintion prntgs, rs in prlll with inrsing oss of gmm ry. Howvr, in oth ggplnt gnotyps, th ffiiny of gmm-ry oss in shoot lngth show vril trn with rising os. 12 typs rs 5% in 16 pplition, yt, ths pplitions h 66% rs on 16 gnotyps t mximum lvl (Tl 1). Thus it is thought tht th pplition os for 16 is not nough n th oss shoul inrs. Efftiv os is trmin s th os ruing shoot lght 5%. ftrwrs 1% ov or low of fftiv os is us in fil trils [23]. Similr to shoots lngth rsults, hypootyls lngth lso rs 41.5% on 12 spis, whil th os ppli on 16 spis ws inqut (Tl 2). Tl 1. omprison of shoot lngth (m) on iffrnt oss of gmm ry in M 1 gnrtion f Tl 2. omprison of hypootyls lngth (m) on iffrnt oss of gmm ry in M 1 gnrtion In prsnt stuy, s th othr trits th frsh n ry shoot wight of gnotyps rs in orn with inrs gmm ry os (Tl 3, Figur 2 n Figur 3). It is known tht, muttion stuis r not only onut unr fil onitions ut lso in in vitro onitions. likmnoğlu [1], ppli iffrnt gmm oss on sugr t mristms n msur rgnrt plnts wight whn thy wr ry n wt. Exprimnt rsults rvl tht wight loss rs with th inrs of pplition os. n th rution ws us to trmin th optimum os. mong iffrnt pplition oss, 2 os l to 3% wight loss ws th optimum os. lso onsiring 3% wight loss, th optimum os is 12 for 12 gnotyp n 16 for 16 gnotyp. Tl 3. Shoot frsh wight (g) of th gnotyps on gmm rys B B f ISBN:

4 Tl 5. vrg lf lngth (m) of th gnotyps in M1 gnrtion B B 4.14 D E D 1.94 F Figur 2. Plnt frsh wight of vrious oss of gmm rys in M 1 gnrtion. Figur 3. Efft of gmm rys on plnt ry wight in ggplnt gnotyps. Royhowhury t l [21], nlyz th muttions y using 3 iffrnt hmil mutgns on 1 iffrnt ggplnt gnotyps n rport tht ll 3 mutgns rs lf mount. In similr wy, in stuy onut on lustr n spis y [27], n inrs on oth gmm rys n EMS os l to rs on lf numr n plnt hight. ompring to prsnt stuy, it is possil to sy tht th rs on lf lngth n with is rlt to mutgn tivity (Tl 4, Tl 5). Tl 4. vrg lf with (m) of th gnotyps in M1 gnrtion s n ition, Zrk t l [28] hv rport tht, gmm rys r mor fftiv thn EMS n gmm + EMS omintion on otining usl ggplnt mutnts. For n fftiv mutgnsis on ggplnt, thy suggst rition prtis s hving low iologi mg n ility to rt mor fftiv muttion y pplying high os. 4. onlusion Dtrmining th mutgn n its optimum os in muttion ring stuis r th ky ftors for suss. Rsults of th prsnt stuy init tht 16 irriting is th optimum os for 12 gnotyp. On th othr hn 16 gnotyp n highr os, initing furthr stuis r n to vrify iffrnt ggplnts gnotyps rt in similr wys. knowlgmnts Th uthors r grtful to th Nulr Rsrh n pplition ntr of kniz Univrsity, ntly, TURKEY n M.S. Sülymn Ftih Özmn. 5. Rfrns [1] likmnoğlu S, Effiiny of th Gmm Irrition in th Inution of in vitro Somti Muttions, Journl of ll n Molulr Biology, 1, 22, p [2] nonymous, FO Proution Yr Book, 212 ( [3] nonymous, Europn Environmnt gny (EE) Rport. Urn pttion to limt hng in Europ, No: 2, 212, ( -rport pf). [4] nonymous, Intrntionl tomi Enrgy gny Rport 211, 212, ISBN:

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