kvixwik wk v I ^v Aóg kªwy RvZxq wk vµg I cvv cy K evw, XvKv ipbv Avey gyn ` gvt Ave`yj nk m úv`bv cö dmi Av e g dviæk

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2 RvZxq wk vµg I cvv cy ZK evw KZ K 2013 wk vel _ K Aóg kªwyi cvv cy ZKi~ c wba vwiz kvixwik wk v I ^v Aóg kªwy ipbv Avey gyn ` gvt Ave`yj nk gvt ZvRgyj nk Rwmg DwÏb Avn ` m úv`bv cö dmi Av e g dviæk RvZxq wk vµg I cvv cy K evw, XvKv

3 RvZxq wk vµg I cvv cy K evw 69-70, gwzwsj evwywr K GjvKv, XvKv-1000 KZ K cökvwkz [cökvkk KZ K me ^Z msiw Z] cix vg~jk ms iy cö_g cökvk : m Þ ^i, 2012 cvv cy ÍK cöyq b mgš^qk g ni wbmvi Rvwiqv Zzj nvdmv Kw úduvi K úvr cvidg Kvjvi MÖvwd (cöv:) wj: cö Q` my`k b evqvi myrvdj Av e`xb wpîv¼b MvRx gvnv ` gvngy`yi ingvb wu Uv wwrvbb RvZxq wk vµg I cvv cy K evw mikvi KZ K webvg~ j wezi Yi Rb gy`ª Y:

4 cöm M-K_v wk v RvZxq Rxe bi m e vzgylx Dbœq bi c~e kz Avi `ªyZ cwiez bkxj we k i P v jä gvkv ejv K i evsjv `k K Dbœqb I mg w i w` K wb q hviqvi Rb cö qvrb mywkw Z Rbkw³ fvlv Av `vjb I gyw³hy i PZbvq `k Movi Rb wk v_ xi Aš wb wnz gav I m vebvi cwic~y wekv k mvnvh Kiv gva wgk wk vi Ab Zg j GQvov cöv_wgk i AwR Z wk vi gšwjk Ávb I ` Zv m cömvwiz I mymsnz Kivi gva g D PZi wk vi hvm K i ZvjvI G ii wk vi D Ïk ÁvbvR bi GB cöwµqvi wfzi w` q wk v_ x K ` ki A_ bwzk, mvgvwrk, mvs wzk I cwi ekmz cuf~wgi cöw Z ` I hvm bvmwik K i ZvjvI gva wgk wk vi Ab Zg we ep welq RvZxq wk vbxwz-2010 Gi j I D Ïk K mvg b i L cwigvwr Z n q Q gva wgk ii wk vµg cwigvwr Z GB wk vµ g RvZxq Av`k, j, D Ïk I mgkvjxb Pvwn`vi cöwzdjb NUv bv n q Q, mb mv _ wk v_ x `i eqm, gav I MÖnY gzv Abyhvqx wklbdj wba viy Kiv n q Q GQvov wk v_ xi ˆbwZK I gvbwek g~j eva _ K ïiy K i BwZnvm I HwZn PZbv, gnvb gyw³hy i PZbv, wkí-mvwnz -ms wz eva, `k cög eva, cök wz- PZbv Ges ag -ey - MvÎ I bvix-cyiyl wbwe k l mevi cöwz mggh v`v eva RvMÖZ Kivi Póv Kiv n q Q GKwU weávbgb RvwZ MV bi Rb Rxe bi cöwzwu Î weáv bi ^Ztù~Z cö qvm I wwwruvj evsjv ` ki iƒckí-2021 Gi j ev evq b wk v_ x `i m g K i Zvjvi Póv Kiv n q Q bzzb GB wk vµ gi Av jv K cöyxz n q Q gva wgk ii cövq mkj cvv cy K D³ cvv cy K cöyq b wk v_ x `i mvg_, cöeyzv I c~e AwfÁZv K iy Z i m ½ we epbv Kiv n q Q cvv cy K jvi welq wbe vpb I Dc vc bi Î wk v_ xi m Rbkxj cöwzfvi wekvk mva bi w` K we klfv e iyz `Iqv n q Q cöwzwu Aa v qi ïiy Z wklbdj hy³ K i wk v_ xi AwR Ze Áv bi Bw½Z cö`vb Kiv n q Q Ges wewpî KvR, m Rbkxj cökœ I Ab vb cökœ ms hvrb K i g~j vqb K m Rbkxj Kiv n q Q kvixwik wk v I ^v welqwu g~jz my `n I mrxe gb GB Rxeb `k bi Dci wfwë K i cöyxz `k-we ` ki wewpî Ljvayjv PP vi wfzi w` q wk v_ xiv hb Kg g mybvmwik wn m e wb R K M o Zzj Z cv i mw`k we epbvq i L cvv wbe vpb Kiv n q Q GKwesk kz Ki A½xKvi I cöz q K mvg b i L cwigvwr Z wk vµ gi Av jv K cvv cy ÍKwU iwpz n q Q Kv RB cvv cy ÍKwUi AviI mg w mva bi Rb h Kv bv MVbg~jK I hyw³m½z civgk iy Z i m ½ we ewpz n e cvv cy ÍK cöyq bi wecyj Kg h Ái g a AwZ ^í mg qi g a cy ÍKwU iwpz n q Q d j wkqy fyjîywu _ K h Z cv i ciez x ms iy jv Z cvv cy ÍKwU K AviI my `i, kvfb I ÎywUgy³ Kivi Póv Ae vnz _vk e evbv bi Î Abym Z n q Q evsjv GKv Wgx KZ K cöyxz evbvbixwz cvv cy ÍKwU ipbv, m úv`bv, wpîv¼b, bgybv cökœvw` cöyqb I cökvkbvi Kv R hviv AvšÍwiKfv e gav I kªg w` q Qb Zuv `i ab ev` Ávcb KiwQ cvv cy ÍKwU wk v_ x `i Avbw `Z cvv I cöz vwkz ` Zv AR b wbwðz Ki e e j Avkv Kwi cö dmi gvt gv dv KvgvjDwÏb Pqvig vb RvZxq wk vµg I cvv cy K evw, XvKv

5 m~wpcî Aa vq Aa v qi wk ivbvg c ôv cö_g kixipp v I my Rxeb 1-10 wøzxq vdwus, Mvj MvBwWs I evsjv `k iw wµ m U mvmvbwu Z Zxq ^v weávb cwiwpwz I ^v mev PZz_ Avgv `i Rxe b cörbb ^v câg Rxe bi Rb Ljvayjv 38-71

6 cö_g Aa vq kixipp v I my Rxeb kvixwik m gzv AR bi Rb Avgiv e vqvg K i _vwk ïay GKUvbv e vqvg Ki jb kvixwik m gzv AR b Kiv hvq bv cöwzw`b e vqvg I cwikªg Kivi d j Avgv `i kix ii Rxe Kvl jv q nq ZLb Avgiv Aemv`MÖ n q cwo GB qc~iy Ges K g v` g cybiy¾xwez Kivi Rb c~y wekªv gi cö qvrb wekªvg Ki j qcövß Rxe Kvl jv c~e ve vq wd i Av m Ges kix ii K vwší I gvbwmk Aemv` `~i nq Nyg Avgv `i kixi I gb K wekªvg `q cök Zc Nyg Avgv `i gw Í K wekªvg `q fv jv Nyg n j kixi I gb m ZR _v K kvixwik my Zvi Rb Avgiv miävgwenxb I miävgmn wewfbœ cökvi e vqvg Kwi G Z wk v_x `i kvixwik my Zvi mv _ Avb ` I wpëwe bv`b nq mg ez e vqvg G Aa vq cvv k l Avgiv - kvixwik my Zvi Rb wekªvg, Nyg I we bv` bi cö qvrbxqzv e vl v Ki Z cvie; eqtµg Abymv i wekªvg I Ny gi iyz e vl v Ki Z cvie; kixi MV b my Zvi Rb e vqv gi cöfve we køly Ki Z cvie; mwvk wbqgkvbyb g b Kvb Kvb Î Kvb Kvb e vqvg MÖnY Dc hvmx m wel q wm vší wb Z cvie; cövz wnk Rxe b mn hvwmzvg~jk g bvfve e w cv e; mwvk c wz Z h Î h e vqvg Dc hvmx Zv Abykxjb Ki Z cvie cvv -1 : wekªvg, Nyg I we bv` bi cö qvrbxqzv : kixi my bv _vk j gb fv jv _v K bv d j Kv bv KvR myôzfv e m ú~y Kiv hvq bv Kv bv KvR myôzfv e m úv`b Ges ^v Q `, Rxebhvc bi Rb cö qvrb wb R K my ivlv ïay e vqvg Ki jb kixi my ivlv hvq bv Avgv `i ` n Lv` I cvwbi hgb cö qvrb, Zgwb wekªvg I Ny gii cö qvrb i q Q kixi my ivlvi Rb e vqv gi ci kixi I g bi wekªvg Ges Ny gi cö qvrb Pjv div, KvRKg I e vqv gi ci kixi cwikªvší nq, kix ii Rxe Kvl jv q n Z _v K ZLb Avgiv Aemv`MÖ n q cwo kix ii Rxe Kvl jvi qc~iy I c~e ve vq wdwiqv Avbvi Rb wekªvg cö qvrb wekªv g kix ii K vwší I Aemv` `~i nq wekªvg I Ny gi cwi ek kvší I wbr b n j fv jv n e Ges `n I

7 2 kvixwik wk v I ^v g bi wekvk Ae vnz _vk e Ny gi mgq ` ni mg Í A½cÖZ ½ w i n q c~y wekªv g _v K Ges k vmcök vm I nrgkw³i KvR myk Ljfv e Pj Z _v K Ljvayjvi gva g wpëwe bv`b QvovI mgv R AviI eû ai bi we bv` bi e e v Av Q mgv R emevmiz gvby li AvMÖn I wpšívaviv wfbœ niqvq we bv` bi avivi wfbœ h we bv` bi gva g wkqz klv hvq, Zv K wk vg~jk we bv`b e j hgb : 1. wk vg~jk MÖš vewj cvv : cv Vi mvnv h wk v_x iv Ávb jvf Ki Z cv i Kx ai bi MÖš vewj cvv Ki e Zv wb Ri e w³mz AvMÖ ni Ici wbf i K i KD M íi eb c o, KD ag xq eb c o, KD Dcb vm ev g vmvwrb c o Ávb jvf K i 2. wuwf I Kw úduv ii Abyôv bi gva g : ez gv b Kw úduvi I Uwjwfk b eû ai bi wk vg~jk Abyôvb nq Zv ` L wk v_x iv Ávb AR b I wpëwe bv`b K i _v K wuwf Z Ljvayjv, g vmvwrb kv, wezk Abyôvb Ges Kw úduv i wewfbœ ai bi Mg L j Avb ` jvf K i 3. Ave wë I msmxz: A bk cwiev ii g a Ave wë I msmxzpp vi gva g Aemi mgq KvUv bvi cöeyzv j Kiv hvq wk vcöwzôv bi mvs wzk Abyôv b Ave wë I msmx Z AskMÖnY K ii wb Ri cöwzfv wekv ki my hvm I wpëwe bv`b K i _v K 4. ågy : wk vcöwzôvb e Üi mgq ev cix v k l wk v_x iv AvZ xq ^R bi evwo Z ev wewfbœ `k bxq vb `L Z ågy K e Q bq åg Yi Rb KD KD ` k ev we ` ki wewfbœ HwZnvwmK `k bxq v b eov Z hvq GB mg Í BwZnvmL vz `k bxq vb jv ågy K i Q j g qiv wpëwe bv` bi mv _ mv _ Ávb AR b K i _v K KvR-1:Nyg I wekªv gi cö qvrbxqzv ey bv Ki KvR-2:Zzwg Kxfv e wpëwe bv`b Ki e Zv e vl v Ki cvv - 2: eqm I kvixwik MVb Abymv i wekªvg I Ny gi Pvwn`v : eqm I kvixwik MV bi Dci wekªvg I Ny gi Pvwn`vi ZviZg n q _v K hviv wkï, Zv `i Ny gi Pvwn`v GKiKg hviv wk kvi, Zv `i wekªvg I Ny gi Pvwn`v wfbœzi Gfv e hyek I eq `i wekªvg I Ny gi Pvwn`vi cv_ K i q Q ˆkkeKvj n Q wkïi e o IVvi mgq G mgq wkky hgb kvixwikfv e e w cövß nq, Zgwb gvbwmk wekvki `~i nq, hv Zv K cov kvbvi cöwz AvMÖnx K i Zv j wkï K Ljvayjv Kivi my hvm K i w` Z n e Ljvayjv Kivi ci wkqz mgq wekªvg wb j kvixwik K vwší `~i nq h mg Í wkïi kvixwik e w ewk, Zviv Aí cwikª gb K vší n q c o G `i Ny gi cö qvrb nq ewk mvaviyz 9-10 NÈv Nygv Z cvi j GKwU wkïi mvivw` bi K vwší `~i nq eqm Abymv i wb P Nygv bvi GKwU PvU `qv n jv Ñ 1. 5 _ K 7 eqi eqm ch ší Ny gi cö qvrb NÈv 2. 8 _ K 11 eqi eqm ch ší Ny gi cö qvrb 9-10 NÈv _ K 14 eqi eqm ch ší Ny gi cö qvrb 8-9 NÈv eq ii E aÿ eqm ch ší Ny gi cö qvrb 6-8 NÈv Dc iv³ PvU Abyhvqx mgqg Zv Nygv Z hviqv Ges Nyg _ K IVvi civgk w` Z n e

8 kixipp v I my Rxeb 3 KvR-1:me eqmx Q j g q `i Ny gi Pvwn`v Kx GB ikg Zv e vl v Ki KvR-2:eqm f ` Ny gi GKwU PvU cö Z K i kªwyk Szwj q ivl e cvv-3: kvixwik my Zvq e vqv gi cöfve : kvixwik my Zvi cöavb evnbb n jv e vqvg e vqvg Qvov GKRb gvby li kvixwik my Zv Avkv Kiv hvq bv e vqvg I Ljvayjv ïay ` ni e w NUvq bv, g bii DbœwZ mvab K i KviY gb Qvov `n GKKfv e Pj Z cv i bv, Avevi `n n Q g bi Avavi ZvB,Ômy ` n my `i gbõ- GwU cöwzwôz cöev` wn m e mgv R ^xk Z kixipp vq ` ni cöwzwu A½cÖZ ½i DbœwZ nq wkšíy g bi DbœwZ Kxfv e nq Zv Rvbv cö qvrb gb ÍË GKwU weávb Gi KvR n Q gb K wb q GB gb KvR K i K `ªxq mœvqyz š i gva g A_ vr gw Í Øviv ` ni mg Í iyz c~y A½ i q Q hgb- ürwcê, dzmdzm, hk r, e, cvk jx, AMœ vkq, giyg¾v cöf wz Gi g a Ab Zg n Q gw Í ` ni wewfbœ Zš wbr wbr Î gvzv ek KvR K i, Z e G `i g a mgš^q bv _vk j `n APj n q c o K `ªxq mœvqyz š i mvnv h ` ni mkj A½cÖZ ½i Kv Ri mgš^q mvwaz nq kix ii A½cÖZ ½ `yb fv M fvm Kiv nq- GbvUwg I wdwri jvwr ` ni MVb KvVv gv n jv GbvUwg Ges A½cÖZ ½i KvR n jv wdwri jvwr e vqvg G mkj A ½i mylg DbœwZ mvab K i GB e vqv gi Kvh µg eqm I wj½ f ` wbw` ó mg q I gvîvq cwipvjbv Ki Z nq wkïi ˆ`wnK A½cÖZ ½i e w i mv _ mv _ kixipp v ev e vqv gi Kg m~wpii cwiez b cö qvrb cwiwgz e vqvg ` ni Aw, gvsm cwk I Ab vb iyz c~y A ½i mylg e w NUvq eqm e w i mv _ mv _ e vqv gi Kg m~wp mnr _ K µgkb KwVb n e Ges µgvmz DbœZZi n e KvR - 1 : e vqv gi d j kix ii Kvb Kvb As ki Kx Kx DcKvi nq Zv ` j wef³ n q GKwU PvU ˆZwi Ki e Ges kªwy Z Dc vcb Ki e cvv-4 : miävgwenxb e vqvg : miävg Qvov h mg Í e vqvg Kiv nq, Zv K miävgwenxb e vqvg e j Avgiv wrgb vw Ki fvlvq Ôwd«n vû G vimvbrõ ev Lvwj nv Zi e vqvg ewj wbw` ó Kv bv D Ïk mva bi Rb miävg wb q e vqvg Kiv nq 1. w úw G vimvbr : kix ii MwZ e w i Rb h e vqvg Kiv nq Zv K w úw G vimvbr e j cö_ g Av Í Av Í `Š o kixi Mig K i wb Z n e c i wewfbœ ai bi e vqv gi gva g kix ii A½cÖZ ½ jv e vqv gi Dc hvmx niqvi ci MwZ evov bvi Rb Aí `~i Z evievi Rv i `Šov Z n e hgb- 25 wguvi `~ i GKwU `vm w` Z n e ïiy _ K H `vm ch ší cy iv MwZ Z `Šov Z n e c i RwMs K i wd i G m cybivq Rv i `Šov Z n e Gfv e e vqv gi cy iv mgq bv _ g G Ki ci GK e vqvg K i hviqv K Avgiv w úw G vimvbr ewj A_ vr hz Y e vqvg Kie ZZ Y GKbvMv o K i h Z n e 2. Ge Wvwgbvj G vimvbr : Ge Wvwgbvj G vimvbr ej Z Zj c Ui e vqvg Kiv K eysvq hlb kyay Zj c Ui g` Kgv bvi Rb we kl wkqz e vqvg Kiv nq, Zv K Ge Wvwgbvj G vimvbr e j hgbwmu Avc, nvuuy f ½ wmu Avc, `yb cv k~ b DPzu K i ivlv BZ vw`

9 4 kvixwik wk v I ^v K. wmu Avc : wpr n q ï q `yb nvz gv_vi wb P w` q `yb cv GKÎ K i mvrv ivl Z n e Zvici gv_v Dci w` K Zz j hzuv m e mvg b SzuK Z n e Gfv e G Ki ci GK kixi DVvbvgv Ki Z n e G e vqvg Kivi mgq cv evukv bv hv e bv L. nvuuz f ½ wmu Avc : kix ii Ae vb wmu Av ci g Zv ïay nvuuz f O i L kix ii Dc ii Ask DVvbvgv Ki Z n e Gfv e hz ewk wmuavc `qv hv e, ZZ ewk c Ui DcKvi n e M. `yb cv k~ b a i ivlv : wpz n q ï q gv_vi wb P `yb nvz w` q `yb cv GK Î 8 Bw k~ b Zz j ivl Z n e GK wgwbu ch ší ivlvi Póv Ki e Gfv e evievi Ki Z n e G e vqvg jvi gva g Zj c Ui g` K g hvq KvR-1:miÄvgwenxb e vqvg Kv K e j e vl v Ki KvR-2: GKRb GKRb K i gvu `krb w úw G vimvbr gv V cö`k b Ki KvR-3:Ge Wvwgbvj G vimvbr jv Abykxjb K i `LvI cvv-5 : miävgmn e vqvg : h Kv bv D Ïk mvg b i L miävg wb q e vqvg Kiv K miävgmn e vqvg e j hgb- K vbw ^s ivc, ivgvb wis BZ vw` 1. K vbw ^s ivc : `wo e q Dc i IVvB n jv K vbw ^s ivc iwk ewk gvuv ev Lye wpkbi n e bv ewk gvuv n j ai Z Amywe a nq Avevi wpkb n j nv Z e _v cviqvi Avk¼v ewk _v K h Kv bv Mv Qi Wv j iwk e a Szjv ev e q Dc i IVvB n jv K vbw ^s cö_ g DV Z Amywe a n j `woi gv S gv S wmuu w` Z n e, hv Z wmuu a i a i Dc i IVv hvq G ai bi e vqv g nv Zi kw³ ev o 2. ivgvb wis : `ywu iwk Bw `~ i eu a Zvi gv_vq `ybwu wis euva Z n e iwk `ywu DuPz Mv Qi Wv j ev Dc i evuk eu a Szwj q w` Z n e H wis a i Q j g qiv wewfbœ ai bi e vqvg Ki e hgb- `vjv ev Svjv, `yb nvz cv k Qov bv, gv_v wb Pi w` K w` q cv Dc ii w` K Zvjv BZ vw` G ai bi e vqv g kix ii mgš^q I nv Zi kw³ e w cvq KvR-1:KvBw ^s iv ci KŠkj jv K i `LvI KvR-2: ivgvb wis q Kx ai bi e vqvg Kiv hvq cö`k b Ki 3. eªzpvix b Z : Mv bi Zv j Zv j bv Pi gva g g bi fve cökvk Ki Z mk jb cq ` K i Avgv `i `kxq HwZ n jvwjz AvÂwjK b Z i gva g mn RB Avb `i mv _ ˆ`wnK e vqvg I A½-fw½gv cö`k b Kiv hvq evsjv ` ki RbwcÖq AvÂwjK b Z jvi g a jvwo b Z Ab Zg wk K `i ZË veav b QvÎ-QvÎxiv mn RB GB b Z jv Abykxjb Ki Z cv i Gi gva g wewfbœ kvixwik KmiZ I gvbwmk Avb ` cviqv hvq jwo b Z : vb- Ljvi gvv, miävg-gkwu euv ki jwo I Xvj Zvj- Sv, em Sv, Sv Zv Zv jwo b Z K qkwu Í i fvm Kiv n q QÑ

10 kixipp v I my Rxeb 5 1. ûuwkqvi cwrkb 2. cuvqzviv 3. bškvevbp 4. mlv b Z 5. gvbyl cvzv 6. werq b Z 1. ûuwkqvi cwrkb : wkÿv_ xiv evg nv Z jwo wb q mvrv Ae vq `uvov e jwoi gv_v 7-8 Bw ev` i L ai Z n e jwoi kl gv_v gvwui w` K _vk e A_ vr ciezx Kvh µg Kivi Rb cö Z _vkv 2. cuvqzviv : evrbvi Zv j Zv j dvbj jv Wvej gvp K i Avi v b wd i Avm e 3. bškvevbp : 1g ms KZ evrbv evr Z ïiy Ki e 2q ms K Z QvÎiv Wvb nvz Øviv jwoi gv_v a i GKUv b Wvb w`k w` q Nywi q KvwV wc Vi Dci ivl e evg nvz w` q KvwVi wbp cövší a i KvwVi mvnv h wc V Pvc w` e 3q ms K Z QvU jvd mnkv i evg cv mvg b I Wvb cv wcq b hv e Dfq nuvuz mvgvb fuvr n e kix ii IRb evg cv qi Dci i L mvg b Suy K _vk e 4_ ms K Z cv `ywu mvg b I wcq b wb q AMÖmi n Z _vk e wbw` ó mxgv ilvq cušqvgvî c~ e i RvqMvq wd i Avm e Avi ilvq G m bvp Z _vk e 7g ms K Z bvp eü n e 8g ms K Z jwo wcv _ K U b G b c~ e i b vq A_ vr ûuwkqvi cwrk b Avm e 4. mlv b Z : 1g ms K Z QvÎiv Wvb nvz w` q evg w` Ki jwoi GK cövší a i GKUv b ei K i Rvbyi Ici `yb nvz w` q a i `uvov e 2q ms K Z jwomn evg nvz mvrv K i Ic i IVv e Ges mw` K ZvKv e Wvb cv evg cv qi Ici AvovAvwo ivl e 3q ms K Z me `j Gfv e bvp Z bvp Z mvg bi w` K AMÖmi n e wbw` ó v b cušqv j me `j Ny i c~ e i RvqMvq wd i G m bvp Z _vk e 4_ ms K Z bvp _vg K 5g ms K Z ûuwkqvi cwrk b P j hv e 5. gvbyl cvzv : 1g ms K Z Wvb nvz w` q jwoi gv_v a i jwo U b G b gv_v Kj gi g Zv K i a i wc Vi mv _ i L a i ivl Z n e 2q ms K Z Wvb cv evg w` K Ny i Ges mv _ mv _ Wvb nvz Øviv jwo gv_vi KvQ w` q Nywi q evg w` K kixi euvkv K i mvg b SzuK Z n e nvz I cv qi weu GKmv _ n e Gfv e bvp Z bvp Z GKwU e Ë Ki Z n e hzwu `j _vk e ZZwU e Ë n e 3q ms K Z bvp Avm e 4_ ms K Z jwo Nywi q kix ii wcq b A_ vr wc Vi Ici ivl Z n e Wvb nvz Kvb eivei jwomn DuPz _vk e 6. werq b Z : 1g ms K Z cv qi Zv ji mv _ gv_v mvg bi w` K mvgvb SzuK e Gfv e RvqMvq bvp Z _vk e 2q ms K Z mvb W Ny i Ny i bvp Z _vk e 3q ms K Z bvp _ g hv e 4_ ms K Z mevb GK jv d Wvb w`k Ny i `uvov e 5g ms K Z jwo ûuwkqvi cwrk bi Ae vq wb q Avm e 6ô ms K Z mk j Wvej gvp K i Ny i G m Avi v b `uvov e 7g ms K Z mk j mvwieüfv e gvv Z vm Ki e

11 6 kvixwik wk v I ^v jwo b Z i Mvb Pj& fz j S o n e hz ej e c U Lve Kv`vj PvjvB g bi evjvb Ajm grvr kixi SvjvB e vwai evjvb cvjvb cvjvb wl `i R vjvq xi Avi gvjvb G Qvov AviI eû jvkmxwz i q Q, hv Øviv Avgiv kvixwik Kmi Zi gva g Avb `jvf Ki Z cvwi hgbñ Rvwi, mvwi, evdj BZ vw` wb P K qkwu jvkmxwzi bgybv `Iqv n jvñ 1. Rvwi Mvb Av i fv jv fv jv fv jv i fvb Av i I I Avnv ek fvb Avgiv Avjøvi bvgwu jbqv i fvb Avgiv bvbpv bvbpv mevb hvb Av i kvb K vb kvb K vb gvwgb fvb Avgiv eqv`wci gvcwu PvB \ 2. mvwi Mvb I KvB q avb LvBj i L`v bi gvbyl bvb LvIqvi ejvq Av Q gvbyl Kv gi ejvq bvb Kv gi ejvq bvb KvB q avb LvBj i

12 kixipp v I my Rxeb 7 I i nvz cvi _vwk Z Zviv Aek nbqv ivbwj, KvB q bv L`v q Zviv LvBevi ewmwj KvB q avb LvBj i gwip ev U Mv j, Avgiv gwi Sv j I i I cvov Z cvuv bvb cyzv bvb Zviv LvBj ZvovZvwo KvB q avb LvBj i KvR-1:gvbyl cvzv b Z gv V cö`k b K i `Lv e KvR-2:weRq b Z gv V cö`k b K i `Lv e cvv-6 : GWy Kkbvj wrgb vw Km : g vu ev Mw`i Dci gy³ nv Z kix ii wewfbœ A½cÖZ ½i e vqvg Kiv K GWy Kkbvj wrgb vw Km ev wk vg~jk wrgb vw Km ejv nq wk v_x `i eqm I wj½ f ` G ai bi e vqv gi Kg m~wp wba viy K i Abykxjb Kiv Z nq G ai bi e vqv gi Av M kixi K fv jvfv e Mig K i wb Z nq e vqvg ïiy Kivi c~ e gvv Ges miävg jv fv jvfv e cix v Ki Z n e hv Z `yn Ubv NUvi Avk¼v bv _v K GKRb mvnvh Kvix ivl Z n e hb Abykxjb Kivi mgq `yn Ubv bv N U 1. nw w cös : wk v_x `i D PZv Abymv i fwës e i D PZv wba viy Ki Z n e fwës qi wcq b GKwU g vu _vk e hv Z covi mgq e _v bv cvq GKRb mvnvh Kvix _vk e m fwës e i gv_vq e m Zv K mvnvh Ki e wk v_x K dzu `~i _ K `Š o Avm Z n e `yb nvz e i Dci i L gv_v e i mv _ jvwm q `yb nv Zi Dci fi w` q ev av v w` q kixi mybs K i `yb cv GKÎ K i j vwûs Ki Z n e h nzz gv_v jvwm q G e vqvgwu Ki Z nq, mrb Gi bvg nw w cös hlb nvz Øviv cyk w` e, ZLb mvnvh Kvix cö qvrb n j mvnvh Ki e KviY H mgq nvz wcq j gv_v wb P c o `yn Ubv NU Z cv i Gfv e G Ki ci GK mvwie fv e `Š o G m G e vqvgwu Abykxjb Ki e 2. bk w cös : bk w cösi fwës e Ki Z nq mewkqz nw w cös qi g Zv ïay gv_vi cwie Z Nvo jvmv Z n e KvQ _ K Av Í `Š o G m Nvo e i Dc i i L `yb nv Zi Dci fi w` q j vwûs Ki Z n e 3. n vû w cös : n vû w cös e bv K i gvwu Z Ki Z n e n vû w cös Kivi mgq 4-5 dzu `~i _ K `ybwzb c wb q `yb nvz gvwu Z ivlvi mv _ mv _ gvwu Z cyk w` q Ny i D V mvrv n Z n e h nzz nv Zi Dci fi ev cyk w` q DV Z nq, mrb G K n vû w cös e j

13 8 kvixwik wk v I ^v 4. jm w cös : G K wm ½j jmuvb IfviI ejv nq A_ vr GK cv q fi w` q mvg b w` K gyl K i Ny i `vuov bv mvg bi w` K gyl K i nvz Dc i Zz j cv mvg bi w` K mvrv i L `vuovi Gici evg cv q fi K i Wvb cv mgvšíivj K i k~ b ivl cv qi cvzv mvrv _vk e Wvb cv gvwu Z úk Kivi mv _ mv _ evg cv Dc i DV e I nvz `y Uv gvwu Z jvm e Wvb cv q av v w` q kixi Dc i Zzj Z n e Wvb cv gvwu Z jvm e I nv Z av v w` q kixi mvrv K i cv GKÎ K i `vuov e KvR-1: nw w cös `qvi KŠkj jv ey bv Ki KvR-2: bk w cös Abykxjb K i `LvI KvR-3:n vû w cös w` q Zvi KŠkj jv e vl v Ki cvv - 7 : n vû vû Ges nw vû : G `y Uv e vqvgb wd«n vû G vimvb Ri fzi c o G e vqvg Ki Z Kv bv miävg jv M bv gvwu ZB G e vqvg Kiv hvq K. n vû vû (nv Z fi K i `vuov bv) : evû mvrv i L `yb nv Zi Zvjy Kuva eivei mvrv K i g S Z ivl `yb cv mvgvb Av M I wc Q _vk e wcq bi cv cö_ g Dc i Qz o ` e I mv _ mv _ Ab cv Dc i Zz j GKÎ K i b e Kvgimn nvuuz I cv qi cvzv mvrv gv_vi Dci ivl Z Póv Ki e Kv bv Ae v ZB KbyB fvur n e bv cö_ g `qv j ev mvnvh Kvixi mvnv h G e vqvg Abykxjb Ki e ax i ax i mvnvh Kvix QvovB G e vqvg Abykxjb Kivi Póv Ki e L. nw vû (gv_vi Dci fi K i `vuov bv) : Kcvj GKUz mvg b I `yb nv Zi Zvjy Kuva eivei GKUz wcq b g S Z vcb Ki `yb nv Zi Zvjy I Kcvj K GKwU wîfy Ri g Zv Ki Gevi Kvgi mvg bi w` K U b Kvgimn `yb cv Dc i Zz j `vi `yb cv mvrv K i cv qi gv_v mvrv (c q UW) ivl Kcvj I `yb nv Zi Ici mgvb fi _vk e IVvi mgq gv_v fzi w`k w` q m y L wwmevwr w` q D V co Z n e KvR-1:n vû vû `qvi KŠkj jv e vl v Ki KvR-2: nw vû gv V cö`k b Ki nw vû

14 kixipp v I my Rxeb 9 Abykxjbx k~b vb c~iy Ki 1. wk v_x `i K Kx ai bi... klv DwPZ 2. fvwës e i D PZv wk v_x `i...abymv i w` Z n q 3. bk w cös `qvi mgq...jvmv Z nq 4. n vû w cös `qvi mgq fwës e... i L n vû w cös w` Z nq KvbwU miävgmn e vqvg I KvbwU miävg wenxb e vqvg Zv e Q ei Ki e vqvg miävgmn miävgwenxb 1. wmu Avc 2. nuvuz f O wmu Avc 3. K vbw ^s ivc 4. ivgvb wis 5. wis q `vj LvIqv 6. w úw G vimvbr mwvk DË i wuk wpý `vi 1. e vqvg Ki j kix ii Rxe Kvl jv Kx n Z _v K? K. m ZR L. q M. greyz N. big 2. wekªv g kix ii Kx `~i nq? K. kix ii gqjv L. Nyg Av m bv M. K vwší N. `~wlz c`v_ eqi eq mi wk v_x `i KZ Y Nygv bv DwPZ? K. 6 NÈv L. 8-9 NÈv M NÈv N. 5 NÈv

15 10 kvixwik wk v I ^v msw ß cökœ 1. mg ez e vqvg Kv K e j? 2. wmu Avc `Iqvi KŠkj `LvI? 3. eªzpvix b Z Kv K e j? ipbvg~jk cökœ 1. wekªvg I Ny gi cö qvrbxqzv ey bv Ki 2. kvixwik my Zvi Rb e vqv gi cö qvrbxqzv e vl v Ki 3. n vû vû I nw v Ûi cv_ K ey bv Ki

16 wøzxq Aa vq vdwus, Mvj MvBwWs I evsjv `k iw wµ m U mvmvbwu vdwus I Mvj MvBwWs wek e vcx GKwU AivR bwzk mgvr mevg~jk hye Av `vjb c w_exi cövq me ` kb vdwus I Mvj MvB Wi Kvh µg cöpwjz e wuk mbvevwnbxi ZrKvjxb jd Ub v U Rbv ij ievu w dbkb w _ jw e v Wb cvi qj 1907 mv j vdwus Ges 1910 mv j Mvj MvBW cöez b K ib ^vaxbzvi ci 1974 mv j ^vaxb ms v wn m e evsjv ` k vdwus I Mvj MvB Wi Kg m~wp ïiy nq iw wµ m U Av `vjb GKwU AvšÍR vwzk gvbezvev`x Av `vjb hvi gva g RvwZ, ag, ey wbwe k l mkj wkqzi E aÿ _ K gvby li Rxeb I my ^v wbwðz Kivi j KvR Ki Q G Aa vq cvv k l Avgiv- mevg~jk hye Av `vjb nvbwks Kiv I cö R ±i wbqgvewj ey bv Ki Z cvie; bz Z `vb I gvbe mevq vdwus, Mvj MvBW I evsjv `k iw wµ m U mvmvbwui iyz e vl v Ki Z cvie; vdwus, Mvj MvBW I evsjv `k iw wµ m U mvmvbwui gva g A b i cöwz kª v cö`k bi g bvfve AR b Ki Z cvie; cöv_wgk cöwzweavb / wpwkrmvi cöfve we køly Ki Z cvie; ˆ`bw `b Rxe bi QvULv Uv `yn Ubvi cöv_wgk wpwkrmv Ki Z cvie

17 12 kvixwik wk v I ^v cvv-1 : nvbwks I cö R± ˆZwi : nvbwks k ãi A_ D Ïk g~jk ågy h Kv bv c_ wb ` wkkv AbymiY K i wbw` ó MšÍ e i D Ï k vdu I Mvj MvBW cv q nu U ågy Ges ågykv j cw_g a Avkcv ki cwi ek I cök wz ch e Y Ki e mvaviyz GKvKx, `yb Rb A_ev GKwU Dc`j nvbwks q AskMÖnY Ki Z cv i nvbwks q w`bivwî ev GKvwaK ivwî hvcb n Z cv i nvb Ki gv S gv S cöwzeükzv ev kb K i vdu I Mvj MvBW cöwk Y Abykxjb Kiv hvq nvbwks qi gva g we kl K i cök wz ch e Y, gvbwpî AsKb, AbymiY wpý, K úvm vcb, wdìeyk ˆZwi, KvW GÛ mvbdvi, mvgvwrk Rwic, ivbœv I Ab vb welqmg~n wklv bv ev Abykxjb Kiv m e wbw` ó v b cuš Q Zuvey LvUv bv, ivbœv Kiv, LvIqv, mvgvwrk Rwic, Zuvey Rjmv, wb`ªv hviqv Ges nvbk kl K i Avmvi mgq Rwgi gvwjk ev cöwzôvb cöav bi wbku _ K we`vq wb q K v ú cuš Q wi cvu Ki Z nq nvbwks cwikª gi Ges K ói KvR n ji GwU hgb Avb `i, Zgwb kix ii Rb I DcKvix GwU GKwU D ËRbvc~Y wpëwe bv`b I wk vg~jk Kg m~wp Gi gva g vdu I Mvj MvB Wiv cövk wzk mš `h Øviv Zv `i gb K D`vi K i Zv j cvv-2 : K úvm : K úvm GKwU w`k wby qkvix hš h Kv bv mgq, h Kv bv v b, h Kv bv cwiw wz ZB GB hš wui Øviv w`k wby q Kiv hvq K úv mi DcwifvM KZKUv Nwoi Wvqv ji g Zv Gi gvslv b GKwU KuvUv _v K KuvUvwUi gv_v K Ôc q UÕ e j GB c q Ui gv_v me mgq DËi w` K _v K GwU GKwU Pz ^K KuvUv, K úv mi Mv q DËi, `w Y, c~e, cwðg BZ vw` jlv Ges wwwmö fvm Kiv _v K hš wu K hw` K Nyiv bv hvk bv Kb KuvUvi gyl DËi w` K P j Avm e cök Z w`k c Z n j Wvqv ji DËi I m ylfvm GKB jvb b vcb Ki Z n e Kv bv A Pbv RvqMvq M j ev iv Z AÜKv i w`k nvwi q dj j K úvmwu mwvk w` Ki wb ` k `q K úv mi Qwe gvbwpî : gvbwpî gvuvgywu `yb fv M wef³- (K) ivr bwzk gvbwpî (L) cövk wzk gvbwpî K. ivr bwzk gvbwpî : h gvbwp Î Kv bv GjvKvi Ae vb, Rjvi mxgvbv, _vbvi mxgvbv c _K K i `Lv bv _v K Ges kni, hvmv hvme e v, Kj-KviLvbvi Ae vb wbw` ó K i `qv _v K, Zv K ivr bwzk gvbwpî e j L. cövk wzk gvbwpî : h gvbwp Î wbw` ó GjvKvi g~j f~l Êi Ici hv wkqz Av Q hgb- b`b`x, Lvj-wej, cvnvo-ce Z, eb-r½j- n«`, giyf~wg, Rjvf~wg BZ vw` my úó `Lv bv nq, Zv K cövk wzk gvbwpî e j

18 vdwus, Mvj MvBW I evsjv `k iw wµ m U mvmvbwu 13 gvbwpî AuvKv c wz : gvbwpî AuvKvi bvbv ikg wbqg Av Q, hgb : UªWvm g_w, PBb g_w, Uªvqv½yjvi g_w BZ vw` Gi g a UªWvm g_w vdu I Mvj MvBW `i Rb myweavrbk G wbq g mvaviyz j ^v iv Ív gvc Rv Li Rb mywe a nq iv Ívq e m g vc AuvKvi `ikvi nq bv Kej LuywUbvwUi weeiy wdì ey K wj L wb jb nq c i N i ev z j wd i g vc AuvKv hvq Gi Rb wkqz KvMR, cwýj, ievi, K úvm I gv ci wdzv ev bj `ikvi Kg m~wp cöyqb : nvbwks qi gvb m ú~y fv e cwikíbvi Dci wbf i K i Dc`j cwil `i wgwus qi wm vší Abymv i nvbwks qi Av Mi AwfÁZv Kv R jvwm q Kg m~wp cöyqb Kiv DwPZ Dc`j bzv cwil `i wm vší Abymv i Mªyc vdu KvDwÝ ji mycvwikµ g nvbwks qi Kg m~wp cöyqb Ki Z nq mswkøó _vbv vdu Kwgkbv ii AbygwZ Aek B _vk Z n e wbr _vbv Q o Ab Kv bv _vbvq M j mlvbkvi _vbv ev Rjv Kwgkbv ii AbygwZ bqv cö qvrb ` j wewfbœ m`m `i `vwqz eèb K i Kg m~wp cöyq bi Rb I wb gœv³ avc jvi ev Íevqb ev we epbv cö qvrb 1. P~ovšÍ cö ÍywZ bqvi Av M Kg m~wp K hvpvb K i ms hvrb ev we qvrb Kiv Avek K 2. vb wbe vp bi Î BDwbU wjwvi K `~iz, mymg c_, Mvmj I LvIqvi cvwbi mye e v, RvqMvi Ae v, Wv³viLvbv, cövk wzk cwi ek, `y h vmc~y AvenvIqvi wekí Avkªq j BZ vw` mzk Zvi m ½ we epbv Ki Z n e 3. BDwbU wjwvi K Uªwbs wmwwdj ˆZwi K i cöwk Yi miävg hvmvo Ki Z n e 4. wbe vwpz v bi gvwj Ki ev cöwzôvb cöav bi AbygwZ wb Z n e 5. ^v cix v K i `ye j `i ev` w` Z n e 6. KLb ïiy n e, KZ w`b _vk Z n e Ges KLb kl n e c~ e B Zv wba viy Ki Z n e 7. Kg m~wp ev Íevq bi Rb GKwU ev RU ˆZwi Ki Z n e ev RU ˆZwi Z Aek B wgze wqzvi bxwz Aej ^b Ki Z n e 8. cö qvrbxq msl K cöwk K, KvqvUvi gv vi, cöv_wgk cöwzweavbkvix I m v buvwi wb qvm Ki Z n e 9. ïk bv R vjvwb KvV I mylg Lv` ev RU Abycv Z wkb Z n e 10. c~ e B m vwb Ukb e e v K i ivl Z n e 11. c_ ms KZ, K úvm wiwws, gvbwpî AsKb I cvb, Zuvey LvUv bvi KŠkj, ivbœv Kiv, muvzvi, cvbiwbqvwis, cöv_wgk cöwzweavb, D vikvr, iv Ívq Pjvi wbqg BZ vw` m ^ Ü aviyv w` Z n e 12. mvrv n q vdu K` g (20 K`g nuvuv I 20 K`g `Šov bv) nuvu Z n e cöwz `yb gvb j 5 wgwbu wekªvg Ki Z n e Zuvey Z ev mi mgq wb R `i gvjcî wq q ivlvi Rb M v RU ˆZwi Ki Z nq euvk, Mv Qi Wvj I `wo w` q

19 14 kvixwik wk v I ^v Gme M v RU ˆZwi Kiv nq `woi mvnv h wewfbœ M iv euva Z cviv Ges Gi mwvk cö`k b Ki Z cvivi bvg cvbiwbqvwis ez gvb hym DbœZ cöhyw³i hym GB DbœZ cöhyw³i hy MI cö R± ii gva g nvbwks I cvbiwbqvwis cö R± cö`k b K i wk v_ x `i wk v`v bi e e v Kiv hvq G Z nvbwks I cvbiwbqvwis m ú K wk v_ xiv úó aviyv jvf Ki e M v R Ui Qwe KvR - 1 : nvbwks I cö R± ˆZwii Kg m~wp evwo _ K wj L Avb e KvR-2:wk v_ xiv K úvm I gvbwp Îi cv_ K GKwU Q Ki mvnv h Zz j ai e Ges kªwy Z Dc vcb Ki e KvR-3: kªwyk wk v_ xiv `woi mwvk M iv e envi K i euvk I Kv Vi UzKiv w` q M v RU Kxfv e ˆZwi Ki Z nq Zv kªwy Z Abykxjb Ki e cvv-3 : bz Z `vb I gvbe mevq vdwus I Mvj MvBwWs : gvbyl c w_exi hlv bb evm KiyK bv Kb `je fv e evm Kivi Póv K i Gfv eb M o I V mgvr mgv R evm KivB n jv gvby li ˆewkó m h mgv R evm K i, m mb mgv Ri g½ ji Rb Póv K i mgvr cvovwfwëk n Z cv i Avevi MÖvgwfwËK n Z cv i hfv eb emevm KiyK bv Kb, mgv Ri cwi ek my `i Kiv mk ji `vwqz hgb- GKwU cykzi cwi vi Av Q A_P Av ikwu cykzi KPzwicvbvq fiv m cykziwu KPzwicvbv cwi vi bv Kivq h gkv nq, m

20 vdwus, Mvj MvBW I evsjv `k iw wµ m U mvmvbwu 15 gkv mk ji Rb wzki hw` D ` vm wb q mk ji mn hvwmzvq H cykz ii KPzwicvbv cwi vi Kiv hvq, Z e m cykz ii cvwb fv jv _vk e, fv jvfv e gvq Pvl Kiv hv e Avevi gkvi Rb eü n e GKBfv e evrv i hvevi iv ÍvwU el v ev Kv bv Kvi Y nq Zv bó n q M Q mk ji mn hvwmzvq iv ÍvwU givgz K i PjvP ji Dc hvmx Ki Z n e Gfv e QvU QvU mgvr Dbœq bi gva g wbr K eo KvR Kivi Rb ˆZwi Kiv hvq mgv Ri Kj v Yi Rb G ai bi A bk KvR Kivi Av Q G ai bi KvR K mevg~jk KvR e j vdwus Ges Mvj MvB Wi g~jgš B n Q Ô mevõ GB mev n Z cv i AvZ mev, mgv Ri mev I gvbe mev AvZ mevi A_ GKRb AvZ wbf ikxj gvbyl wn m e wb R K M o Zvjv kªg, eyw gëv I Póvq wb R K mycöwzwôz I Dchy³ K i M o ZvjvB AvZ mevi g~j j wb R AvZ wbf ikxj bv n Z cvi j Ac ii mev ev Kv bv e nëi KvRB Kiv m e bq AZGe wbr K Ggbfv e M o Zzj Z n e, hv Z GKRb vdu I Mvj MvBW mgv Ri mvaviy gvby li e nëi Kj v Yi Rb AvZ wb qvm Ki Z cv i cö Z K vdu I Mvj MvBW mgv Ri m`m wn m e cwievi I mgv Ri K_v wpšív K i ZvB wb Ri cwiev ii gv, evev, fvb, ev bi cöwz me mgq Zvi KiYxq `vwqz cvj bi Póv K i ZvQvov mgv Ri e, c½y, cöwzeüx, bvix, wkï, Amy I Amnvq gvby li mevq AvZ wb qvm K i _v K mgv R mevag x hz jv cöwzôvb Av Q, Zvi g a mªóvi cöwz AvbyMZ I kª vq, mr I mz evw`zvq, Rx ei cöwz `qvq, wpšív- PZbv I KZ e civqyzvq vdu I Mvj MvBW Av`k cöwzôvb vdu I Mvj MvB Wi g~jgš n Q Ôm`v cö ZÕ cö Z K vdu I Mvj MvBW Ac ii mevi Rb ev h Kv bv fv jv KvR Kivi Rb me mgq cö Z _v K Ôm`v cö ZÕ -Gi Bs iwr n jv ÔBe PreparedÕ Gi A_ n Z cv i Ô h Kv bv D Ïk, Amg mvnwmkzv wb q, ` pcöwzá n q, mwnòzzvi mv _, eüzi g Zv K i, wb R K A b i cö qvr b DrmM Kiv Õ ÔcÖwZw`b Kv iv bv Kv iv DcKvi KivÕ -GUv n Q vdu I Mvj MvBW `i møvmvb Bs iwr Z ejv nq, ÔDo a good turn dailyõ. GUv vdu I Mvj MvBW `i GKwU ˆewkó I e U GB møvmvb vdu I Mvj MvBW `i cöwzávi GKwU Ask niqvq Gi iyz A bk cöwzw`b wewfbœfv e GB møvmvb K ev ÍevwqZ Kiv hvq hgb- Kv iv wpwv wj L `qv Kv iv wpwv cv K i `qv WvKwU KU wk b G b `qv vdu K evrvi K i `qv Kv iv wkqz nvwi q M j LuvR K i `qv AÜ K iv Ív cvi n Z mvnvh Kiv ey ov jvk K GwM q `qv c_ _ K BU, cv_i, KuvUv, Kjvi Lvmv Zz j djv c _i MZ f i `qv wkky K iv Ív cvi n Z mvnvh Kiv c _ cviqv Q j K evwo cuš Q `qv

21 16 kvixwik wk v I ^v gymwjø `i IRyi cvwb G b `qv gmwr` ay q `qv c_pvix K c_ `wl q `qv KvD K evmv Luy R c Z mvnvh Kiv SMov-weev` _vwg q `qv KD AvnZ n j nvmcvzv j bqv jvk `vd b mvnvh Kiv KvD K cöv_wgk cöwzweavb `qv cï-cvwl K AZ vpvi _ K euvpv bv KvD K Mvwo Z Po Z mvnvh Kiv eb vi mgq ÎvYKv R hvm`vb Kiv So-weaŸ Í ev Av b jvmv GjvKvq ÎvYKv h AskMÖnY Kiv Gfv e QvU nvk, eo nvk h Kv bv KvR K i gvby li mev KivB vdu I Mvj MvB Wi møvmv bi g~j D Ïk GB Kv Ri ga w` q bz Z i Yvewj AwR Z nq KvR-1 : wk K wk v_ x `i mgv Ri KvR Kxfv e Ki Z nq Zv evwoi KvR wn m e wj L Avb Z ej eb KvR-2 : cöwzw`b Kx Kx fv jv KvR Kiv hvq Zv cv vi AvKv i wj L G b Uvw½ q ivl Z ej e cvv-4 : gvbe mevq evsjv `k iw wµ m U mvmvbwui iyz : we k i `yt gvbezvi mevq wb qvwrz AvšÍR vwzk ms vi bvg iw µm ez gv b G ms vwu `ywu bv g wef³ gymwjg we k iw wµ m U Ges Ab vb ` k iw µm bv g cwiwpz gymwjg we k Gi cözxk Aa vk wz Puv` hy e `x hy vnz, ev nviv, iym&y I h Kv bv cövk wzk `y h v M wech Í gvbyl K D vi KivB Gi gyl D Ïk I j G Qvov i q Q eøvw e vs Ki i Yv e Ymn cvwbi weï Zv i v Ges cöv_wgk wpwkrmv-msµvší cöwk Y `vb G mev ms vwu 1963 mv j bv ej kvwší cyi vi cvq iw µm I iw wµ m Ui Rb I BwZnvm : 1859 mv ji 24 Ryb DËi BZvwji mj dwi bv bvgk v b d«vý I Aw ªqvi g a GK fqven hy msnwuz nq gvî 16 NÈvi GB hy cövq Pwjøk nvrvi ˆmb nvzvnz nq AvnZ ˆmb iv webv wpwkrmvq hy ÎB Db y³ cövší i g Zz hš Yvq QUdU KiwQj mb mgq mybrvij v Ûi GK hyek wrb nbwi Wybv U e emvmsµvší e vcv i d«v Ý Z Zxq b cvwjq bi mv _ mv vr Ki Z hvw Q jb hy Îi GB gg vwšík ` k ` L wzwb e w_z nb Ges wzwb Av kcv ki MÖvgevmx K W K G b AvnZ `i Zvr wyk mev I cöv_wgk wpwkrmv w` q Zv `i Rxebi vq iyz c~y f~wgkv iv Lb GivB iw µ mi cö_g ^ Qv mek, hv `i AwaKvskB wq jb gwnjv Wybv U GB hy i fqven I wefxwlkvgq wz I Zvi cöwzkv ii Rb 1862 mv j ÔG g gvwi Ae mj dwi bvõ bv g GKwU eb ipbv K ib ebwui g~j K_v wqj ÔAvgiv wk

22 vdwus, Mvj MvBW I evsjv `k iw wµ m U mvmvbwu 17 cvwibv cöwzwu ` k Ggb GKwU mevg~jk ms v MVb Ki Z, hviv kîy-wgî wbwe k l AvnZ `i mev Ki e Õ 1963 mv j 9 deªyqvwi wrb nbwi Wybv U PviRb R bfvevmx K wb q GKwU KwgwU MVb K ib, hv ÔKwgwU Ae dvbfõ bv g cwiwpz ciez x Z GB KwgwUi bvg cwiewz Z n q AvšÍR vwzk iw µm KwgwU bv g cwiwpz nq GKB eqi GB KwgwU 16wU ` ki cöwzwbwa `i wb q R bfvq AvšÍR vwzk m jb AvnŸvb K i m j b Wybv Ui gnwz cö Íve jv M nxz nq Ges ZviB cwi cöw Z iw µm Rb jvf K i wrb nbwi Wybv U 1828 mv ji 8 g mybrvij v Ûi R bfv kn i Rb MÖnY Ges 1910 mv ji 30 A ±vei 82 eqi eq m g Zz eiy K ib Wybv Ui cöwz m vb cö`k bi Rb 8 g Zvi Rb w`em K wek iw µm I iw wµ m U w`em wnmv e cvwjz nq AvšÍR vwzk iw µm I iw wµ m U Av `vj bi g~jbxwz : 1965 mv j wf qbvq AbywôZ iw µm I iw wµ m Ui 20Zg AvšÍR vwzk m j b wbgœwjwlz mvzwu gšwjk bxwz M nxz nq 1 gvbezv- Kv bv cökvi f`v f` Qvov hy Î AvnZ `i mvnvh Kiv 2 c cvznxbzv- GB Av `vjb, RvwZ, MvÎ, ag xq wek vm, kªwy ev wbi c Zvi wfwë Z wec`vcbœ e w³ K mvnvh K i 3 wbi c Zv- mk ji Av v I wek vm AR bi D Ï k GB Av `vjb msnl Kv j Kv bv c Aej ^b K i bv 4 ^vaxbzv- GB Av `vjb ^vaxb gvbe mevg~jk Kv R wbr wbr ` ki AvB bi Aax b mikv ii mnvqk wn m e KvR K i 5 ^ Qvg~jK mev- GKwU ^ Qv mevg~jk ÎvY msmvb wn m e GB Av `vjb Kv bv cökvi ^v_ ev jvf AR bi D Ï k KvR K i bv 6 GKZv- Kv bv ` k Kej GKwUgvÎ iw µm ev iw wµ m U mvmvbwu _vk e ` ki me Î Gi gvbe mevg~jk Kg KvÊ we Í Z _vk e 7 mve RbxbZv- mggh v`vm úbœ Ges ci úi K mvnv h i Rb mgvb `vwqz I KZ e i AwaKvix RvZxq mvmvbwumg~n K wb q MwVZ AvšÍR vwzk iw µm I iw wµ m U wek e vcx GKwU mve Rbxb Av `vjb evsjv `k iw wµ m U mvmvbwu : 1971 mv ji 16 ww m ^i evsjv ` ki ^vaxbzv AwR Z nevi ci mikv ii mn hvmx ÎvY ms v wn m e evsjv `k iw µm mvmvbwu cöwzwôz nq 1973 mv ji 31 gvp MYcÖRvZš x evsjv `k mikv ii gnvgvb ivóªcwzi GK Av `ke j 16 ww m ^i 1971 mvj _ K evsjv `k iw µm mvmvbwu K ^xk wz cö`vb K i 1973 mv ji 20 m Þ ^i evsjv `k iw µm mvmvbwu K ÔAvšÍR vwzk KwgwU Ae iw µmõ ^xk wz cö`vb K ib GKB mg q mvmvbwu ZrKvjxb wjm Ae iw µ mi m`m c` jvf K i ciez x Z 1988 mv j 4 GwcÖj ivóªcwzi Av ` ki ms kvabxe j evsjv `k iw µm mvmvbwui bvg cwiez b K i Ô iw wµ m U Õ Kiv nq

23 18 kvixwik wk v I ^v iw µm I iw wµ m U Av `vj bi cözxk : mbvevwnbxi gww Kj mvwf mmn hy ÎI wb qvwrz wpwkrmv ÎvYKg x I Zv `i miävgw` wpwýzkiy I wbivcëv cö`v bi Rb GKwU wbi c I cv_ K m~pk wpý wn m e iw µm cözxk M nxz nq iw µm I iw wµ m U Av `vjb cöwzôvq I hy vnz `i mev cö`v bi Abb Ae`v bi Rb mybm bvmwik wn m e nbwi Wybv U I Zvi mnkg xe ` Ges mybrvij vû iv óªi cöwz m vb cö`k bc~e K mybm czvkvi wecix Z mv`v Rwg bi Dci jvj µm cözxk wn m e wbe vwpz Kiv nq ez gv b dv g wm, A v ^y jý, nvmcvzvjmg~ n Ges wpwkrmk `i Rb wb gœi cözxkmg~n e env ii Rb e vck MYms hvm cwipvwjz n Q iw wµ m U czvkvi gvc: mv`v Rwg bi ga ez x v b Bs iwr C A i AvK wzi GKwU jvj is qi Avav Puv` LwPZ wµ m U czvkvi gvc wbgœiƒc : 1 mv`v Rwg bi ˆ`N 10 GKK, cö 6 GKK A_ vr ˆ`N -cö i AbycvZ 10 : 6 (RvZxq czvkvi Abyiƒc) 2 iw wµ m U cözxkwu 1 GKK = mv`v Rwg bi cö i 24 fv Mi 1 Ask wn m e A¼b Ki Z n e iw wµ m U czvkv 3 iw wµ m U cözxkwu mv`v Rwg bi wvk ga ez x v b vwcz n e 4 jvj Avav Puv` ( iw wµ m U) Lvjv gyl d vm cv ji wecixz w` K _vk e jvj Aa P `ªi Lvjv gyl Wvb w` K _vk e KvR-1 : wk K wk v_ x `i iw wµ m U mvmvbwu m ú K we ÍvwiZ weeiy w` q evwoi KvR wn m e gšwjk bxwz jv wj L Avb Z ej eb KvR-2 : kªwyk wk v_ x `i evsjv ` k iw wµ m U mvmvbwui Kvh µg m ú K ey bv Ki Z ej eb KvR-3 : iw wµ m U mvmvbwui czvkvi wpý Ges mwvk gvc cv vi AvKv i wj L Avb Z ej eb

24 vdwus, Mvj MvBW I evsjv `k iw wµ m U mvmvbwu 19 cvv-5 : cöv_wgk wpwkrmv : kix ii A½cÖZ ½ ej Z mvaviyz nvz, cv, bvk, Kvb, PvL, gv_v, Mjv BZ vw` K eysvq Gme A½cÖZ ½i cöv_wgk wpwkrmvi ÁvbvR b wk v_ x `i AZxe cö qvrb cöwzwu gvbyl Rxe b Pjvi c _ A bk mgq `yn Ubvi gy LvgywL nq GB `yn Ubv gvkv ejvi Rb cöv_wgk wpwkrmvi aviyv jvf Kiv cö Z Ki KZ e cöv_wgk wpwkrmv Rvbv _vk j Wv³vi bv Avmv ch ší `yn Ubvi wzi cwigvy A bkuv Kgv bv hvq cöv_wgk wpwkrmvi Bs iwr n jv dv GBW (First Aid) First A_ cö_g Avi Aid A_ mvnvh Kv bv AvnZ e w³ K me cö_g h mvnvh Kiv nq, ZvB cöv_wgk wpwkrmv cöv_wgk wpwkrmv n Q weávbm Z mb wk v, hv Avq Ë _vk j AvKw K Kv bv `yn Ubvq mvnvh Ki Z cv i, hv Z ivmxi Rxeb i v cvq cöv_wgk wpwkrmvi mªóv n jb Wv. d«wwk GRgvK wzwb Rvg vwbi GKRb wewkó kj wpwkrmk wzwbb cö_g wpšív K ib, h Kv bv `yn Ubvq AvnZ ivmx K Wv³v ii wbku wb q hviqvi Av M ivmxi Ae vi AebwZ hv Z bv N U m e e v MÖnY Kiv AZGe cöv_wgk wpwkrmv n Q, nvvr `yn Ubvq AvnZ ivmx K Wv³vi bv Avmvi Av M cöv_wgk mvnvh Kiv cöv_wgk wpwkrm Ki KvR cöavbz wzbwu- K) ivm wby q Kiv L) wpwkrmv M) vbvšíi K. ivm wby q : Kx Kvi Y Amy Zvi m wó n q Q Zv Luy R ei Kiv L. wpwkrmv : Wv³vi Avmvi Av M ivmxi Ae vi AebwZ hv Z bv N U m Póv Kiv M. vbvšíi : ivmx K wbivc` RvqMvq ev Wv³v ii wbku ev nvmcvzv j hz ZvovZvwo m e vbvšíi Kiv Wªwms : Z vb K X K ivlvi Rb h MR, e v ÛR, Zzjv e envi Kiv nq, Zv K Wªwms e j Wªwms K Z v b eu a ivlvi Rb h mv`v KvcowU e envi Kiv nq, Zv K e v ÛR (Bandage) e j Z v bi hzœ : Qzwi, KuvwP, eøw, `v, ewu cöf wz Z K U wm q i³cvz n j Zv K Z ejv nq nvzzwo, BU, cv_ i _uz j wm q i³cvz n j Zv KI Z ejv nq RxeRšÍyi Kvg oi i³cvz n j Zi m wó nq cöv_wgk wpwkrmv : 1 cö_ gb wb Ri nvz RxevYygy³ Ki Z n e 2 Z v b eid w` q A_ev Ab Kv bv Dcv q i³ eü Kivi Póv Ki Z n e 3 ivmx K wbðjfv e ïb q ivl Z n e G Z i³cvz Kg nq 4 Z v b wkqz _vk j Zv ei Ki Z n e 5 eo wkqz Xy K M j hz ZvovZvwo m e Wv³v ii wbku wb q h Z n e 6 Z v b RxevYybvkK Ily ai mvnv h cwi vi K i Wªwms Ki Z n e Wªwms Kivi c wz : Wªwms Kivi mgq KZK jv welq memgq AbymiY Ki Z nq 1 ivmx K ïb q Z vb mvg b Zz j ai Z n e

25 20 kvixwik wk v I ^v 2 AvnZ v bi wb P cwi vi Kvco c Z w` j fv jv nq 3 mev`vbkvix K Zuvi wb Ri nvz `ywu cwi vi K i wb Z n e 4 RxevYygy³ Zzjv w` q Z vb cwi vi K i wb Z n e 5 Zi Pvicvk w úwiu ev WUj w` q cwi vi Ki Z n e 6 Z vb cwi vi Kivi mgq K `ªi w`k _ K cwi vi Ki Z n e hv Z Kv bv gqjv Z v b Mwo q bv Av m 7 Z KL bv nvz jvmv Z bb 8 A vw U mcwuk cvdwvi ev gjg RxevYygy³ Zzjv ev M R jvwm q Z vb Pvcv w` j fv jv nq 9 wuspvi Av qvwwb, w úwiu, cuvk cvig v½v bu cöf wz Kv bv Z e envi Kiv wvk bq G Z ` ni wumy jvi wz nq Zi Pvicvk cwi vi Ki Z G jv Kv R jv M 10 cöv_wgk wpwkrm Ki e v M me mgq ivbj Zz jv, MR, e v ÛR, KuvwP I wkqz Ilya cöf wz ivlv `ikvi KvR-1:wk K wkÿv_ x `i kªwyk cöv_wgk wpwkrmv m ú K ey bv K i úó aviyv w` eb KvR-2: Z v bi cöv_wgk wpwkrmv Kxfv e Ki Z nq Zv evwoi KvR wn m e K i Avb Z ej eb KvR-3:wk K wk v_ x K Wªwms Kivi c wz ey bv K i K v m K i `Lv Z ej eb cvv-6 : vj (Skull) / gv_vi Lywj I R (Jaw) / Pvqvj e v ÛR euvavi c wz : Wªwms K wvkg Zv a i ivlvi Rb Z v b e v ÛR Kiv nq e v ÛR Kivi mgq me mgq g b ivl Z n e- 1 e v ÛR hb cy iv WªwmsUv K a i ivl Z cv i 2 e v ÛR hb AvjMv bv nq ev ewk Rv i jvmv bv bv nq 3 AvnZ A ½i Zzjbvq e v Û Ri gvc hb ewk PIov ev ewk miy bv nq e v ÛR wewfbœ gv ci nq AvnZ A½ Abyhvqx wbw` ó gv ci e v Û Ri e e v Ki Z n e 4 e v Û Ri Kvco hb mvaviy Î ewk Bjvw K (Elastic) bv nq k³ Kvc oi e v ÛRB fv jv 5 we kl we kl Î Bjvw K (Elastic) µc e v ÛR e envi Kiv nq 6 e v ÛR GKwU we kl AvU Ges bvbv Î bvbvfv e Ki Z nq GwU ax i ax i Af vm K i AvqË Ki Z nq

26 vdwus, Mvj MvBW I evsjv `k iw wµ m U mvmvbwu 21 e v ÛR wzb cökvi : 1 Uªvqv½yjvi ev wî KvYvK wz e v ÛR (Traiangular Bandage) 2 ivjvi e v ÛR (Rollar Bandage) 3 we kl e v ÛR- hgb gvwë UBj (Multi tail) e v ÛR Uªvqv½yjvi ev wî KvYvK wz e v ÛR (Triangular Bandage) : cöv_wgk wpwkrmvi Î GwU we klfv e e envi Kiv nq GKwU Pvi Kvbv Kvc oi gvslvb w` q KvbvKzwbfv e K U wb j wîfyr e v ÛR ˆZwi n e, hvi gvc n e gvu 42 BwÂi g Zv 1 wguvi gv ci Kvco wb ji Pj e ivjvi e v ÛR (Rollar Bandage) : mvaviyz AwfÁ cöv_wgk wpwkrm Kiv ev nvmcvzv j ivjvi e v ÛR e envi K i ivjvi e v ÛR wewfbœ AvK wzi nq GwU GK Bw PIov _ K Qq Bw ch ší PIov nq L jvqvo `i ` n AvNvZ jvm j µc ivjvi e v ÛR e envi Kiv nq nv Zi e v ÛR gvwë UBj e v ÛR (Multi tail Bandage) : A bk jrwewkó e v ÛR K gvwë UBj ev eû cövwšík e v ÛR e j, hv `L Z ÔTÕ AvK wzi nq nv Zi e v ÛR : Nywi q Nywi q Wªwms qi Dci nv Z ivjvi e v ÛR euva Z nq cupv bv Kvl n j ev Wªwms X K M j e v ÛR kl n j mcwuwcb w` q Gu U w` Z n e Nywi q Nywi q Wªwms qi Dc i Kxfv e e v ÛR Kiv n Q Zv `Lv bv n jvgv_vi e v ÛR : gv_vi Lywj Z AvNvZ j M _vk j Z vb Wªwms w` q X K GKUv wî KvY e v ÛR wb q gv_vi Pviw` K Nywi q Kcv ji Dci euva Z n e

27 22 kvixwik wk v I ^v 1 gv_vq PIov e v ÛR e envi Ki Z nq cö_ g Kcv j e v ÛR K i ïiy Ki Z nq 3 ax i ax i e v ÛR cuwp q Wªwms X K w` Z n e gv_vi e v ÛR 4 cvkvcvwk Kcv ji e v Û Ri wfzi w` q Nywi q Nywi q Kxfv e e v ÛR euva Z n e Pvqv ji e v ÛR (Jaw Bandage) : we kl e v ÛR ev T e v ÛR GKwU we kl ai bi e v ÛR, hv Z `ywu cöv šíi e` j wzbwu cövší _v K we kl K i Pvqv j G e v ÛR e eüz nq wp Î Kxfv e G e v ÛR e envi K i Pvqvj e v ÛR Kiv nq Zv `Lv bv n jv GB e v ÛR Øviv Pvqv j e v ÛR Kxfv e ïiy Kiv nq Ges Kxfv e Zv kl n e wp Î Zv `Lv bv n jv Pvqv j e v ÛR

28 vdwus, Mvj MvBW I evsjv `k iw wµ m U mvmvbwu 23 KvR-1 : e v ÛR Kivi mgq Kx Kx wrwbm g b ivl Z n e Zv evwoi KvR wn m e wj L Avb Z ej eb KvR-2 : vj I R e v ÛR Kxfv e euva Z n e Zv kªwyk wk v_ xiv Af vm K i AvqË Kivi Póv Ki e KvR-3 : e v ÛR Kx Kx ai bi Zv cv vi AvKv i wj L G b Uvw½ q ivl Z ej eb cvv-7 : Avg wmøs I Kjvi GÛ Kvc wmøs : nv Zi Kv bv nvo f O M j ev nv Z Rv i AvNvZ jvm j Zv K Abo K i Szwj q ivlv nq GB Szwj q ivlvi Rb e v ÛR w` q h euvab `qv nq Zv K wmøs e j Avg wmøs : m ú~y evû eu a Szwj q ivlv K j Avg wmøs e j evûi AMÖfvM Aviv g Szwj q ivlvi Rb Avg wmøs qi cö qvrb GKwU wbf vr wî KvY e v ÛR wb q PIov Ask Kuv ai Dci vcb Ki Z n e Mjvi wcqb w`k w` q Nywi q AvnZ w` Ki Kuv ai w` K Avb Z n e Ges ey Ki m ylfv M Ab cövšíwu Szwj q w` Z n e AZtci e v Û Ri ga j AvnZ evû Lvwb i L kxl w`k KbyB qi wcqb w` K wb q h Z n e Gevi wøzxq cövšíwu K cö_gwui mv _ eu a w` Z n e kxl w`k KbyB ch ší fuvr K i G b `ywu mdwuwc bi mvnv h e v Û Ri m ylfvm mshy³ K i w` Z n e Kjvi GÛ Kvd wmøs : nv Zi Kwâ Szwj q ivlvi Rb Kjvi GÛ Kvd wmøs e envi Kiv nq GB wmøs e envi Ki Z n j Av½yj jv Aci Kuva úk Ki Z cv i Ggbfv e KbyB eu a nvzwu ey Ki Dci ivl Z n e AZtci nv Zi Kwâ Z e v ÛR w` q K vf wnp wmu w` Z n e e v Û Ri kl cövší Gi mv _ eu a Mjvq Szwj q w` Z n e GKwU miy e v ÛR w` q K vf wnp cö Z Ki Z n e `ywu jyc ˆZwi K i wøzxqwu cö_gwui Dci ivl Z n e AZtci Dc ii jycwu cö_gwui wcqb w` q K vf wnp cö Z Ki Z n e Zvici nv Zi Kwâi fzi w` q k³ K i Mjvi mv _ eu a w` Z n e KvR-1 : wk K wk v_ x `i evievi Abykxjbxi gva g Avg wmøs I Kjvi GÛ Kvd wmøs AvqË Kiv eb KvR-2 : wk v_ xiv G K Aci K Avg wmøs I Kjvi GÛ Kvd wmøs eu a `Lv e Abykxjbx k~b vb c~iy Ki mv j ^vaxb ms v wn m e evsjv ` k vdwus I Mvj MvB Wi Kg m~wp ïiy nq 2. nvbwks k ãi A_...ågY 3. K úvm GKwU...hš 4. gymwjg we k... Ges Ab vb ` k iw µm bv g cwiwpz 5. A bk jrwewkó e v ÛR K... e v ÛR e j

29 24 kvixwik wk v I ^v mwvk kã wgjvi 1. ivjvi e v ÛR M v RU 2. nvbwks Wªwms 3. gymwjg we k Wv. d«wwk GRgvK 4. cöv_wgk wpwkrmv iw wµ m U 5. RxevYygy³ Zzjv nv Z mwvk DË i wuk wpý `vi 1. KZ mv j vdu I Mvj MvBW cöwzwôz nq? K) 1900 mv j vdwus I 1905 mv j Mvj MvDW L) 1907 mv j vdwus I 1910 mv j Mvj MvBW M) 1906 mv j vdwus I 1908 mv j Mvj MvBW 2. wrb nbwi Wybv U Kvb ` ki bvmwik? K) Uj vû L) BZvwj M) mybrvij vû N) Rvg vwb 3. iw µm I iw wµ m U Av `vj bi g~jbxwz KqwU? K) 10wU L) 11wU M) 9wU N) 7wU msw ß cökœ 1. nvbwks Kv K e j? 2. Wªwms ej Z Kx evs? 3. e v ÛR Kv K e j? 4. iw µm I iw wµ m U ej Z Kx evs? ipbvg~jk cökœ 1. bz Z `vb I gvbe mevq vdwus I Mvj MvB Wi f wgkv ey bv Ki 2. Z v bi hzœ Kxfv e wb Z nq D jøl Ki 3. Wªwms Kivi c wzmg~n Av jvpbv Ki

30 Z Zxq Aa vq ^v weávb cwiwpwz I ^v mev gvbe `n K wn i cöwzwbqz hme mgm vi D e nq, my `i Rxebhvc bi Rb mme mgm vi mgvavb Ki Z nq GRb ˆ`wnK ^v m ú K aviyv _vkv cö qvrb ^v welqk Áv bi cvkvcvwk ^v mev m ú K úó aviyv _vkv evãbxq KviY, gvbekixi hme cöwzk~j cwiw wzi m ylxb nq, Zv _ K eu P _vkvi Rb h_vmg q cö qvrbxq ^v mev MÖnY Kiv cö qvrb n q c o gvby li Rxeb aÿs mi Rb hy M hy M wewfbœ cövynvzx iv Mi cöv`yf ve n q Q m PZb gvbemgvr Zvi gvkvwejv K i mme iv Mi cöwz lak I cöwz ivag~jk e e v MÖnY Ki Z m g n q Q NvZK e vwa GBWm ez gv b mviv we k Avk¼vRbKfv e we Ívi jvf K i P j Q GBWm iv Mi Kv bv cöwz lak ev m ú~y i~ c wbivgq Ki Z cv i Ggb Ilya GLbI Avwe K Z nqwb AKvjg Zz B GBWm ivmxi kl cwiywz ZvB GBWm/GBPAvBwf Kx, Kxfv e G ivm msµwgz nq, G iv Mi j Y, cöwz ivag~jk e e v Kx cöf wz m ú K we ÍvwiZ Rvbv I mkj K m PZb Kiv cö qvrb GBWm GKwU giye vwa G Aa vq k l Avgiv- e w³, cwievi I mgv R GBPAvBwf/ GBW mi cwiywz e vl v Ki Z cvie GBPAvBwf/GBWm Kxfv e Qovq Zv e vl v Ki Z cvie GBPAvBwf/GBWm n Z gy³ _vkvi Dcvq e vl v Ki Z cvie GBPAvBwf/GBW mi wzki cöfve R b Gi cöwz iv a m PZb n Z cvie

31 26 kvixwik wk v I ^v cvv-1 : GBPAvBwf/GBW mi (HIV/AIDS) aviyv I cöfve : we k h K qkwu NvZK e vwa Z gvbyl AwaK msl vq AvµvšÍ n Q, Zvi g a GBWm (AIDS) GKwU evsjv ` ki fš MvwjK I Av_ -mvgvwrk Ae vi cwi cöw Z Avgv `i ` ki GBWm gnvgvix AvKv i Qwo q covi h _ó Avk¼v Av Q ZvB, GBWm m ^ Ü Avgv `i mk jib Rvbv cö qvrb GBWm PviwU Bs iwr kã, h_v- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome-Gi cö Z KwUi cö_g A i wb q (AIDS) MwVZ GBWm GK ai bi fvbivmrwbz ivm GB fvbivmwui bvg GBPAvBwf (HIV), hvi c~y v½ Bs iwr iƒc n jv Human Immune deficiency Virus (HIV) wewfbœ Dcv q GB fvbivm gvbe ` n cö ek K i ` ni ivm cöwz iva gzv aÿsm K i `q GBPAvBwf msµg Yi me kl ch vq n jv GBWm Gi Kv bv Kvh Ki cöwz lak Avwe K Z nqwb e j G K NvZK ev giye vwa ejv nq GBPAvBwf I GBW mi Gi cöfve : ^v e e vq hgb GBPAvBwf I GBW mi Gi wzki cöfve `Lv hvq, Zgwb cvwievwik, mvgvwrk I A_ bwzk ÎI GBPAvBwf we Ív ii gvivz K wzki cöfve i q Q ^v e e vi Dci cöfve : ` n GBPAvBwf fvbivm cö ek Ki j Zv mviv Rxeb kix ii g a _v K Ges kvixwik m úk ev GKB wmwi Äi gva g A b i kix ii Qovq ^v e e vi Rb GUv gvivz K ûgwk ^iƒc GBW mi Kv bv cöwz lak bv _vkvq G iv M AvµvšÍ n j wpwkrmvi Rb cöpzi A _ i cö qvrb nq G Z ^vfvwek ^v e e vq AwZwi³ Pvc m wó K i cwiev ii Ici cöfve : GBPAvBwf AvµvšÍ e w³ RxweZ _vkv Ae vq Zv K vbxq jvkrb, cvov-cöwz ekx Gwo q P j mgv R m I Zvi cwievi K mvgvwrkfv e nq n Z nq GBWm AvµvšÍ e w³ Kg iz _vk j Zv K KvR ev PvKwi _ K Ae vnwz `Iqv nq Zvi wpwkrmvi Rb AwZwi³ A_ e q Ki Z nq d j cwiev i Avw_ K AbUb `Lv `q G Qvov AvµvšÍ e w³ gviv M j Zvi Q j g qiv GwZg n q Ae njv-abv` i eo nq kvixwik I gvbwmk wekvk evavmö Í nq, GgbwK A_ vfv e cov kvbv eü n q hvq A_ bwzk cöfve : GBWm AvµvšÍ e w³i Kg gzv K g hvq d j m KvRKg, Avq- ivrmvi Ki Z cv i bv G Z H e w³i Dbœq bi Dci weiƒc cöfve c o hme ` k GBW mi cö Kvc ewk, mlv b mvgvwrk I A_ bwzk weizv b g Av m cvv-2 : GBPAvBwf Kxfv e gvbe ` n msµwgz nq : GBPAvBwf fvbivm gvbe ` ni K qkwu Zij c`v _ hgb: i³, exh, gv qi ey Ki `y a ewk _v K d j gvbe ` ni GB Zij c`v_ jvi Av`vb-cÖ`v bi gva g GBPAvBwf Qov Z cv i GBPAvBwf mywbw` ófv e hme Dcv q Qovq, Zv n jv : (1) GBPAvBwf/GBWm AvµvšÍ ivmxi i³ Kv bv e w³i ` n cwimâvjb Ki j (2) AvµvšÍ e w³ KZ K e eüz myp ev wmwiä Ab Kv bv e w³ e envi Ki j `~wlz i³ MªnY

32 ^v weávb cwiwpwz I ^v mev 27 (3) AvµvšÍ e w³i Kv bv A½ ev `n Kvl Ab e w³i ` n cöwz vcb Ki j AvµvšÍ e w³i m~p/wmwiä myp/wmwiä e envi (4) AvµvšÍ gv qi gva g (Mf aviykvjxb, cömekv j ev mšív bi gv qi `ya cvbkv j) Zvi wkï GB iv M msµwgz n Z cv i (5) A bwzk I Awbivc` ˆ`wnK wgjb Ki j GBW mi j Ymg~n : AvµvšÍ gv qi `yacvb GBW mi wbw` ó Kv bv j Y bb Z e, GBWm AvµvšÍ e w³ Ab h iv M AvµvšÍ nq, m j Y jvi g a D jøl hvm n Q- 1. kix ii IRb `ªyZ n«vm cviqv 2. ARvbv Kvi Y `yb gv mi AwaK mgq R i _vkv 3. `xn w`b a i ïk bv Kvwk _vkv 4. `yb gv mi AwaK mgq a i cvzjv cvqlvbv 5. kix ii wewfbœ A ½ QÎvKRwbZ msµgy `Lv `Iqv 6. jwmkv MÖwš (Lymph Gland) dz j hviqv GBWm AvµvšÍ e w³i Î mvaviyz Dc i ewy Z GKvwaK j Y `Lv h Z cv i G Rb Zvi GBWm n q Q wbwðzfv e a i bqv hv e bv Z e Kv bv e w³i Gme j Y `Lv w` j wej ^ bv K i AwfÁ Wv³v ii civgk wb q i³ cix vi e e v K i GBPAvBwf msµg Yi wel q wbwðz n Z n e

33 28 kvixwik wk v I ^v KvR-1 : wk v_ x eüy-evüe, AvZ xq- ^Rb, cvov-cöwz ekx `i g a hviv GBWm m ú K Rv bb, Zv `i ZvwjKv ˆZwi K i Zv `i gzvgz wj L wb q Avm e Gici kªwy Z mncvvx `i mv _ G AwfÁZv wewbgq Ki e cvv-3 : GBPAvBwf (HIV)- GBWm (AIDS) msµg Yi SuywK : we k h K qkwu NvZK e vwa Z gvbyl AwaK msl vq AvµvšÍ n Q Gi g a GBWm Ab Zg gvwk b hy³iv óª 1981 mv j me cö_g GBWm kbv³ nq wewfbœ iv Mi cöwz lak ev wbivgqe e v _vk ji GBWm m ú~y i~ c wbivgq Ki Z cv i Ggb Ilya GLbI Avwe vi nq wb GBWm n jv GBPAvBwf fvbivm Øviv msµg Yi me kl ch vq GBWm AvµvšÍ e w³ AwZ mn RB Ab vb iv M AvµvšÍ nq Ges Kv bv wpwkrmvq fv jv nq bv GBPAvBwf fvbivm gvbe ` n cö ek K i ` ni wbr ^ ivm cöwz iva e e v K aÿsm K i `q e j Gi GKgvÎ cwiywz g Zz GBPAvBwf/GBWm we Ív i evsjv ` ki SuywKc~Y Ae vb : GBPAvBwf/GBWm mgmö we k fqven AvKvi aviy K i Q Gi we Ívi Avwd«Kvi mve-mvnviv A j me P q ewk c~e BD ivc I K vwiexq A j Gi `ªyZ we Ívi N U Q Gwkqv gnv ` k fviz I wgqvbgv i GBW mi cömvi me P q ewk Pxb, K ^vwwqv, wf qzbvg, B `v bwkqv, _vbj vû I bcv j Gi cömvi fxwzki Ae vi m wó K i Q GBWm AvµvšÍ `kmg~ n evsjv `k _ K wecyjmsl K kªwgk hviqvq Zv `i GBW m AvµvšÍ niqvi SuywK eû Y e o wm q Q A bk ` k Awbqwš Z gv` Ki e envi, Am PZbZv, Awk v, A bwzkzv, `vwi`ª cöf wz Kvi Y 25 eq ii Kg eqmx wk kvi-wk kvix/ hyek-hyezx `i g a GB GBWm msµg Yi e vckzv gnvgvix AvKv i cuš Q wm q Q Aí eqmx g qiv GBPAvBwf/GBWm msµg Yi Rb SuywKc~Y : h nzz cöwzkviwenxb G iv Mi cwiywz fqven, ZvB we kl K i Aí eqmx g q `i K G wel q we klfv e m PZb n Z n e Ges mzk Zv Aej ^b Ki Z n e wewfbœ ` ki mv cöwzk cwiw wz _ K Rvbv hvq h bzzb GBPAvBwf AvµvšÍ `i A a KB 15 _ K 24 eqi eqmx GB eqmx g qiv Q j `i Zzjbvq AwaK SuywK Z i q Q Gi cöavb KviY jv n Q- (1) evsjv ` ki Av_ -mvgvwrk KvVv gv Z g q `i `ye j Ae vb, (2) GBPAvBwf/GBWm m ú K Áv bi Afve, (3) bvix-cyiy li ˆel g i Kvi Y bvixi wbm nxz niqv, (4) A bwzk I Awbivc` hšb m úk vc b g q `i evav`v bi gzvi Afve, (5) g q `i we kl kvixwik ˆewkó, (6) A bwzk I Awbivc` ˆ`wnK m úk BZ vw` GBPAvBwf/GBWm _ K i v c Z n j- Acixw Z i³ MÖnY Kiv hv e bv A b i e eüz wmwiä e envi Kiv hv e bv A b i e eüz eøw ev irvi e envi Kiv hv e bv A bwzk, Awbivc` I Awbqwš Z hšbwgjb Kiv hv e bv Acv ik b cwiï hš cvwz e envi Ki Z n e wkï K GBPAvBwf wrevyyevnx ev GBW m AvµvšÍ gv qi ey Ki `ya LvIqv bv hv e bv

34 ^v weávb cwiwpwz I ^v mev 29 KvR-1 : wk v_ xiv wewfbœ ` j wef³ n q GBPAvBwf/GBWm Qov bvi gva g jv wb q Av jvpbv Ki e Ges h Kv bv GKwU SuywKc~Y KviY wpwýz K i Zv Gov bvi KŠkjmg~n hš_fv e wjl e I kªwy Z Dc vcb Ki e KvR-2 : Kx Kx SuywKc~Y AvPiY evsjv ` k GBPAvBwf/GBWm gnvgvixi iƒc wb Z cv i Ges Gi fqvenzv m ú K m PZb Ki Z wk v_ x `i Kx Kx KiYxq Zv wpwýz K i `jxq KvR wn m e kªwy Z Dc vcb Ki e cvv-4 : GBPAvBwf/GBWm cöwz iv a KiYxq : cövynvzx ivm GBW mi Kv bv cöwz lak ev Kvh Ki Ilya GLbI Avwe Z nqwb d j GBWm AvµvšÍ e w³i AKvjg Zz B n Q Gi kl cwiywz gvbe ` n GBPAvBwf cö ek Kivi mv _ mv _B kix i GBW mi Gi j Y `Lv hvq bv Z e GUv g b Kiv n q _v K h GBPAvBwf msµg Yi ïiy _ K GBW mi j Y `Lv `Iqvi mg qi e vwß 6 gvm _ K K qk eqi ch ší n q _v K Gi dj `uvovq GB h AvcvZ` wó Z my wkšíy GBPAvBwf msµwgz GKRb e w³ Zvi ARv šíb GKRb my e w³i ` n GBPAvBwf Qwo q w` Z cv i NvZK e vwa GBWm _ K eu P _vk Z n j cöwz ivag~jk e e v MÖnY Kiv cö qvrb GBPAvBwf/GBWm cöwz iv a m PZbZv gyl f~wgkv cvjb K i ZvB GBWm wel q Ab K m PZb Ki Z n j wb Pi welq jv Rvbv _vkv `ikvi- 1. GBPAvBwf/GBWm Kx? 2. GBPAvBwf Kxfv e Qovq Ges Kxfv e Qovq bv? 3. GBPAvBwf/GBW mi j Ymg~n? 4. GBPAvBwf msµg Yi Î D P SuywKc~Y AvPiY 5. GBPAvBwf/GBWm cöwz iv ai Dcvqmg~n 6. GBWm AvµvšÍ `i wpwkrmv I mev`vbkvix cöwzôvbmg~ ni f~wgkv GB welq jvi g a cö_g PviwU m ú K c~e ez x cvvmg~ n D jøl Kiv n q Q G cv V GBPAvBwf/GBWm cöwz iv ai Dcvqmg~n wb q Av jvpbv Kiv n jv GBPAvBwf/GBWm cöwz iv ai Dcvq : GBPAvBwf msµg Yi KviY jv R b G m ú K m PZbZv m wói gva g Avgiv GBWm cöwz iv ai e e v wb Z cvwi GBWm cöwz iv a hme e e v MÖnY Kiv hvq Zv n jv- 1. SuywKc~Y AvPiY cwinvi : GBPAvBwf/GBW mi SuywK cöwz iv a Ki Z n j SuywKc~Y AvPiY jv cwinvi Ki Z n e 2. Av em cökgb : cöavbz KŠZ~nj I Av e Mi ekez x n q wk kvi-wk kvixiv SuywKc~Y KvR K i A bk mgq gv-evevi kvm bi d j ivm ev Awfgvb K i Zviv SuywKc~Y KvR K i e m eo `i mv _ we kl K i gvevevi m ½ Lvjv gjv K_v ej j mn R Av em cökwgz I KŠZ~nj `~i nq Ges G Z A bk mgm vi mgvavb n q hvq

35 30 kvixwik wk v I ^v 3. SuywKc~Y cö Íve cöz vl vb : SuywKc~Y cö Íve cöz vl v bi Rb ÔbvÕ ejvi ` Zv AR b Ki Z n e wk kviwk kvixiv A bk Î AbvKvw Z ev A bwzk cö Ív e P z j¾vq ev f q mivmwi ÔbvÕ ej Z cv i bv ZvB Kxfv e ÔbvÕ ej Z n e Zv Rvb Z I wkl Z n e wb R K ` p PZv n Z n e Ges eüzz ev AvZ xqzvi m úk i v K ib cö Íve cöz vl vb Kivi ÔbvÕ ejvi KŠkj MÖnY Ki Z n e 4. ag xq I mvgvwrk Abykvmb I ixwzbxwz g b Pjv : bkv Kiv ev gv`kvm³ niqv, A bwzk ˆ`wnK m úk vcb Kv bv ag ev mgvr Aby gv`b K i bv mvgvwrkfv ei G jv AZ ší Mwn Z Aciva ZvB ag xq Abykvmb g b Pj j GBW m AvµvšÍ niqvi Avk¼v A bk K g hvq 5. GBPAvBwf/GBWm m ú K m PZbZv m wó : GBPAvBwf/GBW mi fqvenzv m ú K e vck MYm PZbZv m wó Kiv Avek K G D Ï k i vwji Av qvrb, cwîkvq cöpvi, B jkuªwbk gva gi e envi, bvuk I msmxz cöf wz Kvh µg MÖnY Kiv h Z cv i e vbvi, d zb, cv vi GKB i Oi cvkvk cöf wz Z mw¾z n q møvmvb mnkv i i vwj Z Ask wb j Zv mn RB `k Ki bri Kv o Ges GBWm wel q MYm PZbZv m wó Z iyz c~y f~wgkv iv L KvR-1 : Kvb Kvb KŠk ji gva g mncvvx ev mgeqmx `i GBWm cöwz iv a DØy Kiv hvq, m wel q GKwU msw ß cöwz e`b ˆZwi K i kªwy Z Dc vcb Ki Z n e KvR-2 : wk v_ xiv wewfbœ ` j wef³ n q GBPAvBwf/GBW mi gnvgvixi fqvenzv Ges Gi Kvh Ki cöwz iv ai Rb me P q MÖnY hvm cöwz ivawelqk Kg m~wp m ú K Av jvpbv Ki Z cv i Abykxjbx ïb vb c iy Ki 1. GBWm AvµvšÍ kix ii IRb `ªyZ...hvq 2. gvwk b hy³iv óª...mv j me cö_g GBWm kbv³ nq 3. GBWm AvµvšÍ e w³i jwmkv MÖwš...hvq 4. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome- K ms ÿ c...e j mwvk kã wgjvi 1. NvZK e vwa 2. HIV 3. MYm PZbZv m wó 4. `yacvb AvµvšÍ gv qi i vwj I cöwîkvq cöpvi fvbivm GBWm

36 ^v weávb cwiwpwz I ^v mev 31 mwvk DË i wuk wpý `vi 1. evsjv ` k GBPAvBwf/GBWm AvµvšÍ niqvi cöavb KviY KvbwU? K. GKB myp I wmwi Äi gva g A b Ki gv`k MÖnY L. bvix-cyiy li Awbivc` ˆ`wnK m úk vcb M. Acwi kvwaz i³ MÖnY N. GBPAvBwf AvµvšÍ gv qi mšívb MÖnY 2. GKRb GBPAvBwf/GBWm AvµvšÍ e w³i gva g GBWm Qov Z cv i hw` Zvi - K. i³ Ab KD MÖnY K i L. Kwb qv A b i Pv L cöwz vcb K i M. nuvwp-kvwki ms ú k Ab KD Av m 3. GBPAvBwf/GBWm m ú K Kxfv e m PZbZv m wó Ki Z n e? K. i vwji Av qvrb L. cwîkvq cöpvi M. e vbvi/ d z b GBWm m ú K wewfbœ møvmvb wj L cöpvi N. jvkmsmxz I cöpviyvg~jk bvuk gâvqb Dc i K, L, M I N-Gi g a Zvgvi Kvb KvRwU me P q ewk Kvh Ki g b nq, wuk wpý `vi msw ß cökœ 1. GBPAvBwf/GBWm ej Z Kx evsvq? 2. A bwzk ˆ`wnK m úk Kx? 3. GBW mi mvgvwrk cöfve jv jl ipbvg~jk cökœ 1. GBPAvBwf/GBW mi j Ymg~n Av jvpbv Ki 2. GBPAvBwf/GBWm cöwz iv a KiYxq Dcvqmg~n ey bv Ki

37 PZz_ Aa vq Avgv `i Rxe b cörbb ^v kix ii hme A½ mšívb Rb `v bi m ½ mivmwi RwoZ, mme A ½i ^v m úwk Z welq K cörbb ^v e j cörbb ^v cörbbzš Ges cörbbcöwµqvi mv _ m úk hy³ A b K g b K ib, cörbb ^v m ú K ïay g qivb Rvb e GwU GKwU fyj aviyv GKwU wkï m Q j wksev g q h-b nvk bv Kb, Zvi Rb _ K ïiy K i ˆkke, ˆK kvi, hšeb I cöšpzñcöwzwu Í ib Zvi mvaviy ^v i mv _ cörbb ^v i e vcviwu RwoZ ZvB cörbb ^v Ges GUv i v Kivi wel q mevib Rvbv cö qvrb eqtmwükv j Q j g q `i cörbb ^v m ú K Kv bv aviyv bv _vkvi Kvi Y Zviv ^v msµvší A bk RwUjZvi m ylxb nq Kv RB GB eq mi wk kviwk kvix `i cörbb ^v i vi cö qvrbxqzv Rvb Z n e c~e ezx Aa vq I wewfbœ cv V GUv Rvbv M Q h eqtmwükv j Q j I g q `i kvixwik cwiez b N U `ªyZ e o IVv QvovI g q `i FZzmªve ïiy nq, Q j `i exh cvz N U eqtmwükv j GB AwZ iyz c~y cwiez bi mgq _ KB cörbb ^v wel q we klfv e m PZb n Z n e KviY, G mg qb GKwU Q j I GKwU g qi kixi h_vµ g cyiyl I bvixi kix i cwiyz niqvi cöwµqv ïiy nq Avi G mgq _ KB GKwU Q j I g qi wb R `i kvixwik I gvbwmk ^v ervq ivlvi Rb cörbb ^v i myi v Ab Zg cöavb kz ZvQvov fwel r cör b i ^v wbwðz Kivi Rb cö Z KiB cörbb ^v wewa g b Pjv cö qvrb eqtmwükv ji evjk-evwjkv G Aa vq cvv k l Avgiv- cörbb ^v i vi cö qvrbxqzv e vl v Ki Z cvie; cörbb ^v msµvší ^v wewa jv e vl v Ki Z cvie; AcwiYZ eq m Mf avi Yi djvdj we køly K i Gi cöwz ivag~jk e e v MÖnY Ki Z cvie; cörbb ^v m úwk Z cö qvrbxq ^v wewa jv wbqwgz cvjb K i wb R K my I myiw Z ivl Z cvie

38 Avgv `i Rxe b cörbb ^v 33 cvv-1 : cörbb ^v msµvší aviyv I cö qvrbxqzv : GKwU wkï hlb cwiev i Rb MÖnY K i, ZLb _ K m µgvš^ q eo n q I V m eq mi wewfbœ Íi AwZµg K i eo nq Zv K ˆkke, ˆK kvi, hšeb, cöšpz cöwzwu Íi cvi n q Avm Z nq ˆkke _ K ˆK kv i c`vc YKv j Zvi kvixwik I gvbwmk bvbvikg cwiez b N U G mgquv n Q eqtmwükvj Gici Zvi hše b Awfwl³ niqvi mgq GKwU Q j ev g qi hšebkv j Zvi kix ii A½cÖZ ½i mylg wekvk mvab nq kix ii hme A½ mšívb Rb `v bi Rb m úwk Z, m jv my fv e MwVZ I wekwkz n q I V cörbb n Q mšívb Rb `v bi cöwµqv Avgv `i ciezx cör b i wbivc` Rb I my ^v ez gvb cör b i mvwe K my ^v we klz cörbb ^v i Dci wbf i K i cörbb ^v n Q gvby li mvgwmök ^v i GKwU we kl Ask AZGe cörbb ^v ïay cörbbz š i KvR Ges cörbbcöwµqvi mv _ m úwk Z ivm ev Amy Zvi Abycw wz K eysvq bv GUv kvixwik, gvbwmk I mvgvwrk Kj vyki GK my Ae vi ga w` q cörbbcöwµqv m úv` bi GKwU Ae v ZvB wbivc` I DbœZ Rxebhvc bi Rb cö Z KiB cörbb ^v m ú K gšwjk Ávb _vkv Riywi cörbb ^v i vi Dcvq I cö qvrbxqzv : cörbb ^v i vi cö_g K_v n jv eqtmwükv j hme kvixwik cwiez b N U, m wel q GKwU wk kvi ev wk kvixi KiYxqmg~n Kx Zv fv jvfv e R b biqv Ges m Abyhvqx wbqg cvjb Kiv cwi vi-cwi QbœZv G mg q LyeB iyz c~y FZzmªve ev exh cvz NU j cwi vi-cwi Qbœ _vkv, wbqwgz Mvmj Kiv `ikvi G mgq cywóki Lvevi L Z I cöpzi cvwb cvb Ki Z n e Kv bv kvixwik RwUjZv `Lv w` j ^v Kgx ev wpwkrm Ki civgk wb Z n e Avgv `i ` k cöwzeqi mšívb Rb `vb Ki Z wm q A bk gv g Zz eiy K ib Gi KviY AcÖvß eq m we q I mšívb aviy d j wewfbœ cökvi iv M AvµvšÍ nq Ges ^v f O hvq G Z cwiev i Avw_ K Kó I AkvwšÍ b g Av m g qiv cwiyz eq m A_v r 20 eq ii ci Mf aviy Ki j cöm~wz gv qi I wkïg Zz i SzuwK Kg e Avevi Nb Nb mšívb wb j gv I wkïi Rxeb SzuwKi m ylxb nq GB SzuwK Kgv bvi Rb mšívb Rb `v bi g a weiwz w` Z n e Gi d j cörbb ^v i my Zv ervq _vk e Ges wkïiv ^v evb I bx ivm n e Ges cwiev i I mgv R kvwší weivr Ki e KvR-1 : cörbb ^v i vq Kx Kx e e v MÖnY Kiv cö qvrb Ges cö qvrbxq e e v MÖnY bv Ki j Kx Kx mgm v nq Zv evwo _ K wj L G b kªwy Z Dc vcb Ki cvv-2 : cörbb ^v msµvší ^v wewa : c~e ezx cv V Avgiv cörbb ^v m ú K R bwq wbivc` I DbœZ Rxebhvc bi Rb cö Z KiB cörbb ^v m ú K gšwjk Ávb _vkv Avek K KviY, gvby li mvgwmök ^v i GKwU we kl Ask n Q cörbb ^v Kv RB cö qvrbxq ^v -Áv bi Afv e bvbv ai bi mgm vi m ó nq wk kvi-wk kvixiv wkqz bv ey S Zv `i Amy ZvRwbZ ivm Mvcb K i wewfbœ mgm vq fv M, hv ^v i Rb wzki ˆK kvikv j g q `i I Q j `i `ªyZ kvixwik I gvbwmk cwiez b N U d j Zv `i g a fq, KŠZ~nj I Av e Mi m wó nq Av emzvwoz n q Zviv A bk mgq fyj wm vší MÖnY K i wb R `i wz K i e m cörbb ^v m ú K úó aviyv I Ávb _vk j Gme mgm v Gov bv m e nq cörbb ^v msµvší wewfbœ iyz c~y Dcv`vb :

39 34 kvixwik wk v I ^v 1 eqtmwükv j cörbb ^v : eqtmwükv ji mgq _ KB Q j I g qiv cörbb g n q I V g q `i gvwmk ev FZzmªve ` ni GKwU wbqwgz ^vfvwek cöwµqv MÖx cöavb ` k mvaviyz 9-12 eqi eq m gvwmk ïiy nq Ges Zv cöwzevi wzb _ K cvup w`b ch ší vqx nq gvwmk ïiy n j cwi vi-cwi Qbœ _vkvi Rb cöwzw`b Mvmj K i cwi vi ïk bv Kvco civ, RxevYygy³ big Kvco ev m vwbuvwi c vw e envi Ki Z n e w` b K qkevi GB c vw e`jv Z n e Ges c vw e`jvevi mgq cörbb A½ nvjkv Mig cvwb w` q cwi vi Ki Z n e cöpzi cvwb I me ikg Lvevi L Z n e Q j `i exh cvz NU j wbqwgzfv e mvevb mn hv M Mvmj Ki e, cwi vi Kvco- Pvco ci e wbqwgz Ljvayjv, cywóki Lv` MÖnY I Nyg Zvi Rb DcKvi n e cörbb A ½i cv k PzjKv bv ev Abyiƒc Kv bv mgm v n j Wv³v ii civgk gvzv ek Ilya e envi Ki e 2 Dchy³ eq m Mf aviy : cörbb ^v myi vi Rb g q `i 20 eqi eq mi Av M Mf aviy Kiv DwPZ bq Dchy³ eq m Mf aviy Ki j gv I wkï DfqB my _v K 3 cörbbkvjxb mzk Zv : wbivc` gvz Z, wkïi cywó, mylg Lv` MÖnY cöf wz welq jv cörbb ^v i mv _ m úwk Z 4 cörbbz š i wewfbœ iv Mi mev I ivm cöwz iva : Gi g a Av Q msµvgk ivm, hšb ivm, cörbb A ½i K vývimn meikg ivm, GBPAvBwf/GBWm BZ vw` cörbbz š h Kv bv ivm AvµgY Ki j Zvi wpwkrmv I cöwz iva Kivi Rb h _vchy³ e e v MÖnY Ki Z n e KvR-1 : cörbb ^v i vi cö qvrbxq e e v MÖnY bv Ki j Kx Kx mgm v nq m jv wj L wb Pi QKwU c~iy Ki: µwgk bs cörbb ^v i vq KiYxqmg~n bv Ki j m ó mgm vmg~n Mf aviy Kx? Mf aviy n Q GKwU g qi kix ii GKwU we kl cwiez b mšívb M f G jb ïay kix ii GB we kl cwiez b N U hšbwgj bi mgq cyiy li ïµvyy hlb g q `i ww ^vyyi mv _ wgwjz nq, ZLbB GKwU g qi M f mšívb Av m A_v r m Mf aviy K i Mf avi Yi cö_g K qk gv m g q `i kix i wkqy wkqy A ^w ÍKi j Y `Lv hvq hgb-

40 Avgv `i Rxe b cörbb ^v gvwmk eü niqv 2. ewg ewg fve ev ewg niqv 3. gv_v Nviv 4. evievi cömªve niqv 5. Íb eo I fvix niqv cwiyz eq m Mf aviy : cwiyz eqm ej Z g q `i Kgc 18 eqi Ges Q j `i Kgc 21 eqi K eysvq cwiyz eq m Mf aviy n j Mf ezx gv qi kvixwik I gvbwmk RwUjZv Zgb `Lv hvq bv G mg q hme kvixwik mgm v `Lv hvq, Zv Wv³v ii civgk Abyhvqx Pj j `~i n q hvq Ges h_vmg q GKwU my wkï Rb bq AcwiYZ eq m Mf avi Yi cwiywz : AcwiYZ eq m gv niqvi g Zv kvixwik c~y Zv I gvbwmk cwick Zv _v K bv Kg eq m we q n j hme g qiv gv nq Zviv bvbv ikg gvbwmk I kvixwik RwUjZvq fv M KviY G eq m g q `i kvixwik e w I MVb m ú~y nq bv G Qvov AcwiYZ eq mi GKwU g qi mšívbaviy I Rb `vb m ú K mwvk Kv bv aviyv _v K bv Mf aviy Ki j ïay h g qwub kvixwik I gvbwmkfv e wzmö Í n e Zv bq; m ` vrvz wkïwui RxebI SzuwKc~Y n Z cv i G Z cwievi I mgvr wzmö Í nq AcwiYZ eq m Mf avi Yi d j m ó mgm v : 1. ^v MZ mgm v- AcwiYZ eq m Mf avi Yi d j Mf ve vq i³ iy, kix i cvwb Avmv, cöpê gv_ve _v, Pv L Svcmv `Lv, Mf cvz BZ vw` N U _v K gv I mšív bi g Zz SuywKI _v K ZvQvov G eq m Mf ezx n j mšív bi e o IVvi Rb M f ch vß RvqMv _v K bv d j Kg IR bi wkï Rb bq A bk mgq M f c~y Zv jv fi Av MB mšív bi Rb nq Ges Rb _ KB bvbv ikg kvixwik RwUjZv `Lv `q Gme wkïi ivm cöwz iva gzv Kg _v K 2. wk vmz mgm v- we` vj q covkvjxb Kv bv g q we qi ci Mf aviy Ki j m j¾vq Avi we` vj q hvq bv m gvbwmk AkvwšÍ Z fv M kvixwik Kvi Y Pjv divi mgm v nq Ges GKch v q cov kvbv Q o `q 3. cvwievwik mgm v- AcwiYZ eq m Mf avi Yi d j g qiv my fv e N ii KvRKg Ki Z cv i bv NbNb Amy n q covi Kvi Y cwiev i AkvwšÍi m wó nq 4. Avw_ K mgm v- Mf avi Yi cy iv mgquvq Wv³v ii civgk g Zv Pj Z nq cywóki Lvevi L Z nq Wv³vi, IlyacÎ I Lv` `ª e i Rb ek A _ i cö qvrb nq, hv GKwU cwievi K Avw_ K mgm vq d j `q 5. Mf cvzrwbz mgm v- GKwU g qi M f hlb mšívb Av m, ZLb cö_g Ae vq Rivqyi åƒ Yi e w N U åƒ Yi e w Ae vq ^Ztù~Z fv e hw` Rivqy _ K åƒy ei n q hvq, ZLb Mf cvz N U B QvK Zfv ei A b K Mf cvz NUvq Mf cvz n j ev B QvK Zfv e Mf cvz NUv j A bk RwUjZvi m wó nq cöm~wzi cöej R i, wlupzwb, i³ iy cöf wz Kvi Y g Zz I NU Z cv i AcwiYZ eq m Mf aviy I Mf cvz iva Ki Z cvi j Gme AKvjg Zz _ K invb cviqv h Z cv i

41 36 kvixwik wk v I ^v AcwiYZ eq m Mf aviy cöwz iva : evsjv ` ki we` gvb AvB b g q `i we qi Rb eqm Kgc 18 eqi, Avi Q j `i Î n e 21 eqi we qi eqm niqvi Av M Q j g qi we q `Iqv n j Zv n e AvB bi ` wó Z Aciva Ges G K AcwiYZ eqm wn m e aiv n e Kv RB AvBb g b AcwiYZ eq m Q j g qi we q bv n j AcwiYZ eq m Mf avi Yi Kv bv my hvm _vk e bv AcwiYZ eq m Mf avi Y hme RwUjZvi m wó nq m m ú K e vck cöpvyvi cö qvrb msev`cî, iwwi, Uwjwfkb, bvuk, Mvb cöf wzi gva g RbM Yi m PZbZv e w Ki Z n e evj weevn e Ü mikvwi- emikvwi cö Póvq mevb K m ú ³ Ki Z n e mfv, mwgbvi, IqvK kc cöf wzi gva g AcwiYZ eq m Mf aviy K wbiyrmvwnz Kiv Ges Kvh Ki c` c MÖn Yi Rb mikvwi- emikvwi e e vcbv K kw³kvjx Ki Z n e KvR-1 : AbvKvw Z Mf aviy cöwz iv ai Kx Kx e e v MÖnY Ki e Zv evwo _ K wj L Avb e KvR-2 : AcwiYZ eq m Mf avi Yi mgm vmg~n Ges Zvi mgvavbg~jk cöwzkvi wb Pi Q K wjl e mgm vmg~n : mgm v mgvav bi Dcvq : Abykxjbx k~b vb c~iy Ki 1. eqtmwükv j Q j I g q `i...cwiez b N U 2. cwiyz eqm ej Z g q `i Kgc ÿ...eqiges Q j `i Kgc ÿ...eqi K eysvq 3. cörbb ^v n Q gvby li mvgwmök ^v i GKwU Nb Nb mšívb wb j gv I wkïi Rxeb...m ylxb nq

42 Avgv `i Rxe b cörbb ^v 37 mwvk kã wgjvi 1. ˆkke _ K ˆK kvi ch ší mgq SuzwKc~Y 2. gvwmk cywóki Lvevi 3. AcwiYZ eq m Mf aviy eqtmwükvj 4. Mf Kvjxb mg q g q `i mwvk DË i wuk wpý `vi 1. eqtmwükv ji Q j g qiv ` ni Pvwn`vi Zzjbvq Kg Lvevi L j K. Zv `i mš `h e w cvq L. ` ni myôz wekvk evavcövß nq M. Zviv Amy Zv Gov Z cv i N. Zv `i gvbwmk wekvk N U 2. cö_g gvwmk ïiy n j KiYxq Kx? K. gv qi mv _ Av jvpbv Kiv L. ^v msµvší eb cov M. wk K `i civgk biqv msw ß cökœ 1. eqtmwükvj KLb ïiy nq? 2. cörbb ^v Kv K e j? 3. Mf aviy Kx? ipbvg~jk cökœ 1. cörbb ^v i vi cö qvrbxqzv ey bv Ki 2. AcwiYZ eq m Mf avi Yi cwiywz I cöwz iva m ú K Av jvpbv Ki

43 câg Aa vq Rxe bi Rb Ljvayjv Ljvayjv kixi I gb K m ZR iv L kixi I g bi hš_ evsvcovi IciB wbf i K i Zvi fwel r Rxe bi myl-mg w Ljvayjv ZvB gb I kixi MV bi GK Ab Zg Drm Ljvayjvi g a B gvbyl Luy R cvq Rxeb wekv ki c_, cvq RxebmsMÖv gi ` p g bvej jvf K i mvdj, D Q vm I civr qi Møvwb K mnrfv e g b bqvi `yj f gvbwmkzv Rxeb K cwi Qbœ, MwZgq I mvejxj Kivi Ab Zg gva g n Q Ljvayjv Ljvayjvq AskMÖnY K i wk v_x iv kvixwik, gvbwmk Ges mvgvwrk Yvewj AR bi gva g mybvmwik wn m e M o I V wewfbœ cökvi Ljvayjv G Aa vq cvv k l Avgiv- ` ki Ljvayjvi Rb cövwzôvwbk I AeKvVv gvmz Amyweav ey bv K i Gme `~ixki Yi Dcvq e vl v Ki Z cvie; e vwwg Ub, ev Uej, n vûej, nwk, A v_ jwukm I muvzv ii wbqgkvbyb ey bv Ki Z cvie; e vwwg Ub, ev Uej, n vûej, nwk, A v_ jwukm I muvzv ii wbqgkvbyb g b Abykxjb Ki Z cvie; cö Z K wk v_ xi AvMÖn Abyhvqx Kgc GKwU Ljvq eva Zvg~jK AskMÖnY K i cvi`k x n q DV Z cvie

44 Rxe bi Rb Ljvayjv 39 cvv-1 : Ljvayjvi Rb cö qvrbxq cövwzôvwbk I AeKvVv gvmz myweav : mycwikwíz, mywbw` ó I cövwzôvwbk e e vcbv Qvov µxov Dbœqb G Kev ib Am e evsjv ` k gva wgk we` vj q AmsL QvU QvU wk v_ xiv Aa qb Ki Q Gme we` vj q kxzkvjxb I MÖx Kvjxb mk b wk v_ x `i µxovq Drmvnx Kivi Rb mikvwifv e `ywu µxov Abyôvb I we bv`bg~jk cöwz hvwmzv Av qvr bi e e v i q Q wkšíy ev Í e ewkifvm zj evrmwik GKwU µxov cöwz hvwmzv Av qvrb K ib µxov Î Zvi `vq`vwqz m úbœ K i _v K µxov K cövwzôvwbk c wz Z Dbœqb NUv Z n j GB cöpwjz avivq µxov Dbœqb Am e Avgiv hw` gva wgk we` vjq ch vq _ K µxov cöwzfvi Dbœqb NUv Z PvB, Z e wk v cvvµ g kvixwik wk v K AšÍf y³ Ki Z n e ez gv b cöwzwu gva wgk we` vj q Ljvayjvi DbœqbK í GKwUgvÎ kvixwik wk Ki c` i q Q GB GKRb wk Ki c AmsL wk v_x i µxov Kvh µg ch e Y Kiv Kv bvfv eb m e bq myzivs cöwzwu gva wgk we` vj q kvixwik wk Ki AviI GKwU c` m wó K i µxov Î Dbœqb NUv bv h Z cv i kvixwik wk Ki Ávb K kvwyz Kivi j wbqwgzfv e wi d«kvm Kv m i e e v Kiv Acwinvh ez gv b wewfbœ wefvmxq kni we kl K i ivravbx Z QvÆ GKwU evwo fvov wb q A ^w ÍKi cwi e k e v Oi QvZvi g Zv AmsL zj M o D V Q G Z wk v_ x `i ch vß Ljvayjvi e e v Zv `~ i _vk, cövyf i k vm bqvii AeKvk _v K bv GB cwi e k wkïiv eo n j fwel Z RvZxq ^v ûgwki m ylxb n q co e evsjv ` k GKw` K hgb Ljvi gvv, mybwgscyj, wrgb vwmqvg Ges Ab vb Ljvayjvi gv Vi Afve i q Q, Ab w` K wvk Zgwb fv jv gv bi µxov miävgvw`ii Afve i q Q Ljvayjvq DbœwZ Ki Z n j mikvi K vbxqfv e wwqvg, mybwgscyj wbg vy Ges fv jv µxov miävgvw` mieiv ni e vcv i AMÖYx f~wgkv cvjb Ki Z n e ` ki cöz ší AÂj ch ší cöwzwu z j Avewk Kfv e cöv_wgk µxov AeKvVv gv, µxov miävgvw` mieiv ni e e v _vk Z n e cöwzwu z j b~ bzg µxov AeKvVv gv wn m e GKwU Ljvi gvv, muvzv ii Rb GKwU cykzi Aek B _vk Z n e hw` GKwU e vqvgvmvi vcb Kiv hvq, Zvn j AviI fv jv n e Gfv e wk vµ gi m ½ µxov wk v Kvh µg m ú ³ K i Z Yg~j ch vq _ K µxov wk v`vb I Zv g~j vq bi e e v Ki j Ljvayjvi Kvw LZ gvb AwR Z n e KvR-1 : wk vcöwzôv b cövwzôvwbk I AeKvVv gvmz ez gvb Ae v m ú K wjl KvR-2 : µxov½ bi gv bvbœq bi Î Zvgvi civgk wjwce K iv cvv-2 : e vwwg Ub BwZnvm : 1870 mv j fvi Zi cybvq cö_g e vwwg Ub Ljv ïiy n qwqj R bk Bs ir ˆmwbK KZ K GB Ljv fviz _ K Bsj v Û wb q hviqvi Av M Zgb RbwcÖq wqj bv ev- dv Ui wwdk e vwwg Ub Ljvq Lye AvMÖnx wq jb Ges Zvi MÖv gi bvg e vwwg Ub _ K GB bv gi DrcwË GB Ljv cö_g AbywôZ n qwqj Bsj v Ûi Møy Kv ªvkvqv i ev- dv Ui wwd Ki wbr evwo Z 1934 mv j International Badminton Federation (I.B.F) Bsj v Ûi wmj Ub nv g cöwzwôz nq Asian Badminton Federation (A.B.F) MwVZ nq 1959 mv j 1966 mv j Gwkqvb Mg m e vwwg Ub Ljv AšÍf y³ Kiv nq 1971 mv j MVb Kiv nq Bangladesh Badminton Federation (B.B.F) evsjv ` k e vwwg Ub GKwU RbwcÖq Ljv MÖv g-m Ä mkj eq mi L jvqvo GB Ljv L j _v Kb

45 40 kvixwik wk v I ^v AvBbKvbyb : 1. Ljvi KvU - e vwwg Ub Ljvi KvU `yb ai bi n q _v K, GKK I ˆØZ 2. GKK KvU - ˆ`N 44 dzu (13.4 wguvi) Ges cö 17 dzu (5.06 wguvi) 3. ˆØZ KvU - ˆ`N 44 dzu (13.4 wguvi) Ges cö 20 dzu (6.1 wguvi) 4. Kv U i `vm- mkj `v Mi is njy` ev mv`v n e Ges `vm wj 40 wgwjwguvi PIov n e LuywU LuywU 5. cv - mgzj GKwU Kv U i g S _ K LuywU `ywui D PZv 1.55 wguvi A_ev 5 dzu 1Bw n e GB cv cvk ilvi Ic i A_ev Zv _ K GKUz `~ i gvwu Z cuyz ji Pj e 6. bu- LuywUi Kv Q g S _ K b Ui Dcwifv Mi D PZv n e 5 dzu 1 Bw (1.55 wguvi) Ges Kv U i gvslv b Gi D PZv n e 5 dzu (1.524 wguvi) buwu 21/2 dzu PIov _vk e 7. kvuj- kvujwui IRb 4.74 MÖv gi Kg A_ev 5.50 MÖv gi ewk n e bv Gi g a 14 _ K 16wU cvjk _vk e 8. GKK Ljv- h Ljvq cöwzc GKRb K i L jvqvo AskMÖnY K i, Zv K GKK Ljv e j 9. ˆØZ Ljv- h Ljvq cöwzc `yrb K i L jvqvo AskMÖnY K i, Zv K ˆØZ Ljv e j 10. Um- Um werqx (K) cö_g mvwf m Ki e ev cö_g wiwmf Ki e (L) wec L jvqvo KvU ev w`k cq ` Ki e 11. cwipvjk- Ljv cwipvjbvi Rb 1 Rb idvwi, 1 Rb Av úvqvi, 1 Rb vivi, 2 Rb A_ev 4 Rb jvbb RvR _vk eb

46 Rxe bi Rb Ljvayjv Mg- GKK I ˆØZ Dfq Ljvq 21 c q U Mg nq Dfq L jvqvo ev `j c q U AR b Ki j m Î 2 c q Ui e eav b GwM q _ K Rqjvf Ki Z n e, A_ vr 22-20, BZ vw` Dfq ` ji c q U mgvb niqv K wwdm e j g b ivl Z n e, Gfv e m e v P 30 c q Ui g a Aek B Mg kl Ki Z n e wzbwu M gi g a h ev h `j `yb Ljvq wrz e, m ev mb `j werqx n e 13. GKK Ljvi mgq mvwf mkvixi c q U k~b ev Rvo msl v n j L jvqvo Zv `i Wvb w` Ki KvU _ K mvwf m Ki e Ges e Rvo msl v n j evg w` Ki KvU _ K mvwf m Ki e cöwz c q Ui ci L jvqvomy Zv `i mvwf m ev wiwmf KvU e`j Ki e 14. ˆØZ Ljvi mgq cö_g mvwf mi Rb Wvbw` Ki L jvqvo KvbvKzwb wec i Kv U mvwf m Ki e hv K mvwf m Kiv n e Kej mb L jvqvo mvwf m MÖnY Ki e Kv bv L jvqvo cici `ybevi mvwf m Ki Z cvi e bv cö_g M g werqx L jvqvo wøzxq M g mvwf m ïiy Ki e 15. mvwf mi mgq mvf v ii `yb cv gvwu úk K i _vk e 16. mvwf m Kivi mgq kvuj b U j MI hw` wvk Kv U c o Z e mvwf m wvk n q Q e j aiv n e 17. kvuj `vm úk Ki jb ï n q Q e j aiv n e 18. bu AwZµg K i KD kvu j AvNvZ Ki Z cvi e bv Ges Ljv PjvKv j KD i v KU ev kix ii Kv bv Ask w` q bu I cv úk Ki Z cvi e bv Kjv KŠkj : e vwwg Ub Ljv fv jvfv e AvqË Ki Z n j cö qvrb nvz I Kwâi bgbxqzv Ges cv qi KvR e vwwg Ub Ljvi gšwjk Kjv KŠkj n jv- 1. i v KU aiv (Grip) 2. cv qi KvR (Foot Work) 3. mvwf m (Service) 4. dvin vû ªvK (Forehand Stroke) 5. e vkn vû ªvK (Backhand Stroke) 6. gv_vi Dci w` q gviv (Overhead Stroke) 7. b Ui Kv Q gviv (Net Stroke) 1. i v KU aiv (Grip) : i v KU mwvkfv e aivi IciB e vwwg Ub Ljv A bkuv wbf i K i Kv RB mwvkfv e i v KU aiv klvi Rb g b ivl Z n e h evg nv Z i v K Ui gv_v a i Lvovfv e gvwu Z i L a i ivl e Gevi Wvb nv Zi Zvjy Dcyo K i wmö ci kl cöv ší i L e v½yjx I ZR bx mvg bi w` K cömvwiz K i Bs iwr ÔVÕ e Y i g Zv K i wmöc ai e fv jv wmöc aiv Avq Ë G j fv jv Lj Z mvnvh Ki e

47 42 kvixwik wk v I ^v i v KU aiv 2. cv qi KvR (Foot Work) : e vwwg Ub Lye `ªyZMwZi Ljv ZvB cv qi KvR Lye `ªyZ n q _v K Kv RB wewfbœ Ae vi cwi cöw Z Lye `ªyZ MwZ ZB wb R K Lvc LvB q biqvi cö qvrb `Lv `q G e vcv i cv qi KvRUv me P q ewk `ªyZ MwZi Ljvq dzuiqvk fv jv bv n j kvuj KK mwvkfv e mwvk v b cvvvb ev div bv hvq bv fv jv dyuiqvk AvqË Ki Z cvi jb `ªyZZvi mv _ kvuj K K i Kv Q cušq Z cv i Ges cq `g Zv Kv U kvuj KK diz cvvv Z cv i mvwf m 3. mvwf m (Service) : GKRb L jvqvo wbqg-kvbyb g b Ljvi ïiy Z Ges cöwz c q Ui ïiy Z cöwzc i Kv U kvuj KK cvvv bv K mvwf m e j GB mvwf mi gva g kvuj Ljvi g a Avbv nq mvwf mwu wec Kv U i Ggb RvqMvq cvvv Z n e, hv Z wec L jvqvo `i diz cvvv Z Amyweav nq mvwf m Kivi mgq cv duvk K i evg cv Wvb cv qi wkqzuv mvg b wb q `uvov e kix ii IRb wcq bi cv qi Ici _vk e evg nv Z kvuj KK a i, Wvb nv Zi i v KU K wcq bi w`k _ K Avbvi gyn Z kvuj KK Q o w` q Kvg ii wb P AvNvZ K i wec Kv U cvvv e kvuj KK I i v K Ui ms hv Mi mv _ mv _ ` ni IRb evg cv qi Ici P j Avm e mvwf m `yb cökvi, ku mvwf m I js mvwf m ku mvwf m b Ui KvQvKvwQ wec i mvwf m Kv U kvuj KK cvvv bv nq Ges js mvwf m Kv U i wcq bi As k cvvv bv nq

48 Rxe bi Rb Ljvayjv dvin vû ªvK dvin vû ªvK (Forehand Stroke) : nv Zi Zvjy K mvg b i L WvbnvwZ L jvqvo Wvb w` K Ges evgnvwz L jvqvo evg w` K kvuj KK gvi j Zv K dvin vû ªvK e j mwvkfv e i v KU a i evg Kuva K b Ui w` K K i evg cv-wu K mvg b i L `uvov Z n e kvuj K K i wcq b G m i v KUUv K Kuv ai wcq b wb q kvuj KK K AvNvZ Ki e e vkn vû ªvK 5. e vkn vû ªvK (Backand Stroke) : mwvkfv e i v KU a i nv Zi Zvjy wcq bi w` K K i Wvb Kuva b Ui w` K w` q kvuj KK gvi j Zv K e vkn vû ªvK e j 6. gv_vi Ici w` q gviv (Overhead Stroke) : mvaviyz Ô vkõ ev Pvc gvivi Kv R GB ªvK e envi Kiv nq GB ªvK Ô dvi n vûõ I Ôe vk n vûõ `y UvB e envi Kiv h Z cv i kvuj K K i wb P G m i v KU DuPz K i jvd w` q hzuzkz DuPz Z m e kvuj KK K AvNvZ Ki e

49 44 kvixwik wk v I ^v gv_vi Dci w` q gviv bu ªvK 7. b Ui Kv Q gviv (Net Stroke) : kvuj KK hlb b Ui Lye KvQvKvwQ c o, ZLb GB ªv Ki mvnv h B kvuj KK K gvi Z nq GB ªv Ki e env ii Rb nv Zi m~²zvi cö qvrb me P q ewk A_ vr nv Zi Ici `Lj _vk j kvuj KK b Ui Lye Kv Q djv m e nq Gi Rb cöpzi Abykxj bi cö qvrb bu ªv K Lye mn R kvuj K K i Kv Q hvevi Rb dzu IqvK fv jv niqv cö qvrb KvR-1 : e vwwg Ub KvU AsKb K i `LvI KvR-2 : e vwwg Ub Ljvq i v KU aiv I mvwf m Kivi KŠkj cö`k b K iv cvv-3 ev Uej : BwZnvm - ev Uej Ljvi cö_g cöpjb nq 1881 mv j Av gwikvq Z e cöwz hvwmzvg~jk Ljv ïiy nq 1892 mvj _ K G Ljvi RbK n jb Av gwikvi w cöswd ì IqvB.Gg.wm.G K j Ri kvixwik wk vi cwipvjk W. Rgm bbmwg_ 1932 mv j Rvgv wb Z AvšÍRv wzk ev Uej ms v (FIBA) MwVZ nq 1936 mv j evwj b Awjw ú K cö_g cöwz hvwmzvg~jk Ljv wn m e ev Uej AšÍfy ³ nq Av gwikvi RvZxq Ljv ev Uej c w_exi eû ` k GLb ev Uej RbwcÖq n q D V Q GB Dcgnv ` k cö_g ev Uej Ljv ïiy nq KjKvZvi IqvB.Gg.wm.G K j R W. Rb nbwi MÖi D ` M evsjv ` k wlªóvb wgkbvwi zj jv Z cö_g ev Uej

50 Rxe bi Rb Ljvayjv 45 Ljv ïiy nq XvKvi m U MÖMix, m U hv md, PÆMÖv gi m U cøvwmw BZ vw` zj cö_g ev Uej Ljv ïiy K i evsjv `k ev Uej dwv ik bi D ` v M ez gv b ` k AšÍtK ve I RvZxq ch v q ev Uej cöwz hvwmzv n q _v K G Qvov AvšÍt zj, AvšÍtwek we` vjq, AvšÍtK v WU K jr ch v q ev Uej cöwz hvwmzv nq AvBbKvbyb : 1. KvU - ev Uej Kv U i ˆ`N wguvi ev 94 dzu Ges cö wguvi ev 50 dzu zj-k j Ri QvÎ `i Rb ˆ`N n e 84 dzu ev wguvi KvU n Z Qv `i D PZv evavnxbfv e me wbgœ 7 wguvi `vm jv GKB i Oi n e evw hw` ^ Q Kv Pi nq Zvn j ilv n e mv`v, Ab Î n e Kv jv `vm PIov n e 5 mw UwgUvi 2. ga e Ë - ga e Ë I msiw Z GjvKvi e Ë `ywui gvc GKB n e e Ë jvi e vmva n e 1.83 wguvi ev 6 dzu Ljv ïiy niqvi mgq `yb c i `yrb L jvqvo ga e Ëi g a Ae vb Ki e Ges Ab vb L jvqvoiv e Ëi evb i _vk e e Ëi ga _ K Rv ú e ji gva g ev Uej Ljv ïay Ki Z n q 3. wis- ev Uej wis qi cyiz wguvi n Z wguvi KvU _ K wis qi D PZv 3.05 wguvi wis qi K `ªwe `y _ K 6.25 wguvi e vmv a i e ËPvc U b wzb c q U ilv Uvbv nq 4. ej- AvK wz MvjvKvi, IRb 567 MÖvg _ K 650 MÖvg cwiwa 74.9 _ K 78 mt wgt Pvgov Øviv ivev ii eøvwv ii g Zv ˆZwi n e e ji is n e Kgjv 5. dvdj I fv qv jkb- hw` GKRb L jvqv oi mv _ wec i GKRb L jvqv oi B QvK Z msnl nq Zvn j muv dvdj Avi fv qv jkb n Q AvBb Agvb Kiv A_ vr Ljvi wewea wbqg f½ Kiv KB fv qv jkb e j

51 46 kvixwik wk v I ^v dvdj : K. wec K ai j, av v gvi j ev `yb nvz w` q wec i AMÖMwZ Z evav w` j Ges AvNvZ Ki j L. ej Wªc w` q wb q hviqvi mgq wec i KvD K Rvi K i mwi q w` j M. hvi nv Z ej bb Zvi Mv q B QvK Zfv e av v w` j N. wec Av úvqv ii mv _ Kv bviƒc Am`vPiY Ki j fv qv jkb : 1. webv wwªewjs q ej wb q `yb ci ewk nvuu j ev `Šov j 2. ej nv Z K i `yb cv Gw`K- mw`k bovpov Ki j 3. `yb nvz w` q ej wwªewjs Ki j 4. wbr ` ji Avq Ë ej _vkvi mgq wec ` ji iw ªK UW Gwiqvi wfzi wzb m K Ûi ewk Ae vb Ki j 5. cvup m K Ûi ewk ej K a i ivl j (hw` wec ` ji L jvqvo wbku _ K cöwz iva K i) 6. wbr A a i g a _ K wec ` ji A a K gv V 8 m K Ûi g a ej ev U djvi Póv bv K i 7. Awdwmqvj- 1 Rb idvwi, 1 Rb Av úvqvi, 1 Rb vivi, 1 Rb mnkvix vivi, 1 Rb UvBg wkcvi, 1 Rb 24 m KÛ Acv iui 8. mgqkvj - cöwz KvqvU vi `k wgwbu K i gvu Pvi KvqvU vi Ljv n e wøzxq KvqvU v ii kl Ges Z Zxq KvqvU v ii ïiyi c~ e `k wgwbu weiwz _vk e G Qvov cö Z K KvqvU v ii g a 2 wgwbu weiwz _vk e 9. vwis c q U - Ljv PjvKvjxb Kv bv L jvqvo 6.25 wguv ii evb i _ K vi Ki j 3 c q U, 6.25 wguv ii wfzi _ K vi Ki j 2 c q U Ges GKwU wd«_ªv _ K vi Ki j 1 c q U nq 10. L jvqvo- ev Uej Ljv `ywu ` ji g a AbywôZ nq cöwz ` j 12 Rb L jvqvo _v K wkšíy cöwz ` j GKmv _ 5 Rb K i Lj Z bv g 11. UvBg AvDU- GKwU `j cö_g `yb KvqvU v i 1 evi K i 2 evi, Z Zxq Ges PZz_ KvqvUv i 3 evi Ges cöwzwu AwZwi³ ch v q 1 evi UvBg AvDU wb Z cv ib UvBg AvD Ui mgq 1 wgwbu 12. Ljvi wb úwë- wba vwiz mg q hw` Dfq ` ji c q U mgvb nq, Zvn j Av iv AwZwi³ 5 wgwbu Ljv n e Zv ZI hw` gxgvsmv bv nq, Zvn j Gfv e 5 wgwbu K i Ljv Pj Z _vk e hz Y bv Ljv gxgvsmv nq

52 Rxe bi Rb Ljvayjv 47 Kjv KŠkj : ev Uej Lj Z n j `ikvi `g, `Šovevi I Rv ú `Iqvi gzv Ges mb mv _ kix ii w cözv ev Uej Ljvi gšwjk Kjv KŠkj jv n jv- `vuovevi fw½, ej aiv, wwªewjs Kiv, ej `Iqv ev cvm Kiv, ej Qvov ev ev U Kiv, wec K cvnviv `Iqv BZ vw` 1. `vuovevi fw½ (Stance) - ej wb q `vuovevi fw½wu Ljvi mgq we kl Zvrch enb K i Ljvi A bk mgqb ej wb q gyn~ Z i Rb `vuwo q co Z nq mdj AvµgY I cöwz iva M o Zvjvi Rb mwvkfv e `uvovevi Rb me mgq cv `y Uv K Qwo q ev dvuk K i nvuuz mvgvb f O `vuov Z n e 2. ej aiv (Catching)- ej Ggbfv e ai Z n e hv Z ejuv `L j _v K ej aivi mgq Av½yj jv K Qwo q ey ov Av½yj jvb ej K wbqš Y iv L nv Zi Zvjy wb q ej aiv wvk bq ej aiv 3. ej cvm `qv (Passing) - ej cvm `qvi mgq g b ivl Z n e h G mgq Kwâ I KbyB kix ii Ab vb Ask _ K A bk ewk mwµq f~wgkv cvjb K i Ges ej `Iqvi mgq mvaviyz ej cvwms GKUv cv mvg b I Av ikuv cv wcq b _v K ev Uej cvm `Iqv nq mvaviyz P cvm, AvÛvin vû cvm, evdý cvm, Ifvi nw cvm BZ vw` me ai bi cvm klv `ikvi Z e P cvm me P q ewk iyz c~y 4. wwªewjs (Dribbling) -wwªewjs Gi mgq ej K Av½yj jv w` q Vjv w` Z nq wwªewjs qi mgq nv Z Av½yj jv K e ji Ici ek LvwbKUv Qwo q ivl Z nq Av½yj jv Qwo q ivl j ejwui A bk As ki IciB wbqš Y ivlv hvq nv Zi Kwâ I Av½yj jvi wbluyz e env ii ga w` qb my `ifv e ej K gvwu Z V j w` jb ej jvwd q Dc i I V, ZLb ej aiv I mwvkfv e wbqš Y ivlv m e nq wwªewjs

53 48 kvixwik wk v I ^v wwªewjs Kivi mgq kixiuv K Ggbfv e ivl Z n e, hv Z h Kv bv mgq h Kv bv w` K mn RB G bv hvq gv_v me mgq DuPz I mvrv ivl Z nq wwªewjs qi mgq ` wó me mgq mvg bi w` K ivl Z n e, hv Z wb Ri `j I wec ` ji L jvqvo K `Lv hvq 5. cv qi Dci Nviv (Pivoting) : hlb L jvqvo ej wb q `uvwo q _ K, GKUv cv GKB RvqMvq i L Ab cv-wu K h Kv bv w` K hzevi B Qv Nywi q bq, ZLb Zv K ÔwcfwUsÕ e j wcfwus 6. ev U ej Qvov (Shooting) : ej mivmwi ev Ui g a ïu Kiv hvq Avevi cö_ g ev W mvrvmywrfv e jvwm q wis qi g a ej XyKv bv hvq ïwus qi wewfbœ KŠkj wbgœiƒc- mu ïu K. mu ïu- GK RvqMvq `uvov bv Ae vq h kyu Kiv nq, Zv K mu ïu e j GK nv Z ev `ynv Z GB ïu Kiv hvq GK nvz w` q ïu Kivi mgq h nvz w` q ïu Kiv nq, m nvz e ji wcq b _v K Ges Ab nvz e ji cv k _v K ïwus qi mgq cv ki nvz mwi q wb Pi nvz w` q e j av v w` Z nq `yb nv Z ïwus qi mgq Dfq nvz e ji wcq b _vk e Ges Dfq nvz w` qb ej V j w` Z n e mvaviyz 4 _ K 8 wguvi `~i _ K Mvj Kivi Rb mu ïu e envi Kiv nq

54 Rxe bi Rb Ljvayjv 49 L. j-avc kyu- KvQ _ K Mvj Kivi Rb mvaviyz G kyu bqv nq G Z L jvqvo wwªewjs Ki Z Ki Z mvg b GwM q hvq Ges GK cv w` q Rv i g S Z AvNvZ K i kixi DuPz Z Zz j bq Ges h nv Z w` q ej gvi e m nvz m ú~y mvrv K i ej mivmwi ev U d j ev ev W AvNvZ K i ej ev U XvKvi Kvq`vq gv i j-avc kyu KvR-1 : ev Uej Ljvq wwªewjs Kxfv e Ki Z nq Zv K i `LvI KvR-2 : j-avc k Ui KŠkj e vl v Ki Ges e envwikfv e cö`k b K iv KvR-3 : P cv mi KŠkj jv `LvI cvv-4 : n vûej BwZnvm- we klá `i g Z, n vûej Ljvi DrcwË n q Q Rvg vwb Z 1890 mv j 1928 mv j B Uvi b vkbvj A v gpvi n vûej dwv ikb MVb Kiv nq 1946 mv j B Uvib vkbvj n vûej dwv ikb (IHF) MwVZ nq 1972 mv j wgdwbl Awjw ú K cyiyl Ges 1976 mv j gw Uªj Awjw ú K gwnjv n vûej cö_g AšÍf y³ nq Gwkqvb n vûej dwv ikb (AHF) MwVZ nq 1974 mv j n vûej Ljv 1982 mv ji Gwkqvb Mg m cö_g AšÍf y³ nq 1983 mv j evsjv `k n vûej G mvwm qkb MwVZ nq Ges Ges ciez x Z 1985 mv j bvg cwiez b K i evsjv `k n vûej dwv ikb (BHF) Kiv nq ez gv b GB Ljv evsjv ` k LyeB RbwcÖq n q DV Q AvBbKvbyb : 1. n vûej gv Vi ˆ`N 40 wguvi Ges cö 20 wguvi 40 wguvi jvbb K mvbw jvbb ev cvk ilv Ges 20 wguvi jvbb K cövší ilv ev MvjjvBb e j 2. cöwzwu Mvj cv j ^vq 3 wguvi D PZv f~wg n Z µmev ii wbp ch ší 2 wguvi Mvj cv I µmevi 8 8 mw UwgUvi e vmhy³ em vkvi n e

55 50 kvixwik wk v I ^v 3. Mvj cv i m yl eivei gv Vi w` K 6 wguvi `~ i MvjjvB bi mgvšíivj 3 wguvi j ^v GKwU jvbb Uvb Z n e Zvici Mvj cv i mvbw ev ii wcq bi w` Ki fz ii Kvbv n Z c~ e Aw¼Z 3 wguvi jvb bi Dfq cövší n Z 6 wguvi e vmv a i `ywu e ËPvc A¼b K i MvjjvB bi mv _ hy³ K i Mvjmxgv ˆZwi Ki Z n e Aw¼Z jvbbwu K Mvj Gwiqv jvbb e j gv Vi mkj `vm Ljvi gv Vi Ask e j we ewpz n e `yb Mvj cv i gv Si MvjjvBb 8 mw UwgUvi PIov Ges gv Vi Ab vb mkj `vm 5 mw UwgUvi PIov n e 4. wd«_ªv jvbbwu (9 wguvi jvbb) fv½v fv½v (...) A_ vr 15 mw UwgUvi j ^v `vm Ges 15 mw UwgUvi duvkv n e jvbbwu Mvj Gwiqv jvb bi mgvšíiv j 3 wguvi evb i nq n vûej gvv 5. cöwzwu MvjjvB bi cq bi As ki wvk ga we `y n Z gv Vi w` K 7 wguvi `~ i MvjjvB bi mgvšíiv j 1 wguvi j ^v GKwU m fb wguvi jvbb ( cbvwë _ªv jvbb) Uvb Z n e cbvwë jvb bi 5 m.wg. PIov AskUzKz 7 wguv ii AšÍf y³ 6. cöwzwu MvjjvB bi cq bi As ki wvk ga we `y n Z gv Vi w` K 4 wguvi `~ i MvjjvB bi mgvšíiv j 15 m:wg: j ^v GKwU Mvji K mxgv jvbb ev 4 wguvi jvbb Uvb Z n e 7. gv Vi `yb cvk ilvi ga we `y (20 wguvi) ci úi hy³ K i ga ilv Uvb Z n e ga ilvi cövšíwe `y n Z Dfq w` K 4.5 wguvi `~ i ga ilvi mgvšíiv j gv Vi fz i 15 mw UwgUvi j ^v e`wj jvbb _vk e ` ji myweav _ gv Vi evb ii w` KI 15 mw UwgUvi j ^v `vm _vk Z n e 8. Ljvi mgqmxgv n e wgwbu 9. wba vwiz mg q Ljv AgxgvswmZ _vk j AwZwi³ 5 wgwbu K i A_ vr wgwbu Ljv n e Gi cii hw` Wª _v K, Zvn j Avevi wgwbu Ljv Pj e 10. gwnjv (14 eq ii E aÿ ) Ges hye Ki (12-16 eqi) Rb e ji IRb MÖvg Ges e ji cwiwa m.wg.

56 Rxe bi Rb Ljvayjv cö Z K ` j 12 Rb L jvqvo _v K gv V Lj Z bv g 7 Rb Kgc 5 Rb L jvqvo bv n j Ljv nq bv 12. Ljv Avi i mgq ev Mvj niqvi ci ev weiwzi ci _ªv A di gva g Ljv ïiy n e 13. Ljv cwipvjbvi Rb 2 Rb idvwi, 1 Rb vivi I 1 Rb mgqi K _vk eb 14. gvv L jvqvoiv evû, gv_v, `n, Eiy I nuvuz w` q ej K ai Z, _vgv Z ev AvNvZ Ki Z cvi e ej 3 m K Ûi ewk a i ivl Z ev 3 c` ci ewk G Z cvi e bv nuvuzi wb Pi Ask w` q ej úk Ki j kvw Í ^iƒc wec `j wd«_ªv cv e 15. Mvji Ki nv Z j M ev MvjjvBb w` q ej gv Vi evb i M j _ªv-Gi gva g Ljv ïiy n e 16. wec `j K wd«_ªv `qv n e- K. Mvji K wbqg f½ Ki j L. ÎywUc~Y fv e L jvqvo e`wj Ki j M. gv Vi L jvqvo Mvjmxgv AvBb f½ Ki j N. cöwzc i cöwz A ea AvPiY Ki j O. ÎywUc~Y _ªv-Bb Ki j P. h Kv bv _ªv Ki Z fyj Ki j Q. ÎywUc~Y _ªv-Ad Ki j R. A L jvqv ovwpz AvPiY Ki j S. Mvji K Mvjmxgvi evb ii ej wb q Mvjmxgvq cö ek Ki j T. Mvji Ki Kv Q Mvjmxgvq e vkcvm Ki j 17. wec `j cbvwë _ªv cv e hw`- K. gv Vi h Kv bv v b Kv bv L jvqvo ev Kg KZ v AvµgYKvix ` ji GKwU Mv ji D¾ j my hvm A eafv e bó K i w` j L. GKwU wbwðz Mvj Kivi mgq hw` Kv bv A ea euvwki ms K Z Zv bó n q hvq M. gv V cö e ki AbygwZ bb Ggb Kv bv e w³ ev e i Kvi Y hw` GKwU wbwðz Mv ji my hvm bó nq 18. ej cvk ilv AwZµg Ki j _ªv B bi gva g Ljv ïiy n e 19. Mvji K Zvi Mvj Gwiqvi g a kix ii h Kv bv Ask w` q Lj Z cvi e

57 52 kvixwik wk v I ^v 20. m ú~y fv e ejwu Mv ji fz ii jvbb AwZµg Ki j Mvj n q Q e j MY n e h `j ewk Mvj Ki e mb `j werqx n e Kjv KŠkj : n vûej I ev Ue ji Kjv KŠkj cövq GKB Z e n vûe j KZK jv evowz my hvm cviqv hvq KviY n vûe j h ej e envi Kiv nq, Zv ev U e ji P q IRb I AvKvi nvjkv I QvU ZvQvov n vûe ji wbqgkvbyb ev Uej _ K A bkuv mnr I mij 1. ej aiv : n vûej Ljvq ejuv K wewfbœfv e aiv h Z cv i- K. m y Li ej aiv L. cv k i ej aiv M. Kvg ii wb Pi ej aiv N. gv_vi Dc i ej aiv O. jvwd q ej aiv P. gvwu Z Mov bv ej aiv cwiw wz Abyhvqx Dc ii h Kv bv wbq g GK m y Li ej aiv ev `yb nv Z ej aiv hvq ej nv Z aivi mgq nv Zi Av½yj Qwo q w` q e ji Dci ` wó i L, KbyB f O ejwu K wb Ri w` K U b wb q AvqË Ki Z nq 2. ej cvm `Iqv : wb Ri ` ji L jvqvo K ej cvm `Iqv GKwU iyz c~y KŠkj h nzz n vûe ji IRb A bkuv nvév I QvU, m nzz n vûej K GK nv Z Qy o cvm `Iqv A bk myweavrbk Z e cwiw wz Abymv i `yb nv ZI cvm `Iqv h Z cv i GK nv Z Qy o ej Qvov cvm `Iqvi mgq ejuv K mvaviyz Wvb nvz Øviv wvkfv e a i Kuv ai jvb bi wcq b nvzuv K wb q evg cv qi Ici fi i L Qyo Z nq evg nvzuv K mvg b i L ` ni fvimvg i v Ki Z n e ej cvm `IqvUv wewfbœ ikg n Z cv i hgb: Kuva eivei, Kwâ Nywi q, nvz Kvg ii wb P G b I gv_vi Dci w` q cvm `Iqv BZ vw` 3. Mvj cv ej Qvov : n vûe j Mvj Ki Z n j ej Qy o gvivuv K fv jvfv e iß Ki Z n e ej Qy o Mvj KivUv ek KwVb e vcvi KviY GKwU wbw` ó mxgvbvi evb i _ KB Mvj Ki Z nq I Mv ji AvKviUvI ek QvU Z e n vûej Lj Z M j PUc U n Z n e mb mv _ MwZ em, w cözv, bgbxqzv Aek B _vk Z n e ej K wew Qbœfv e Qy o Mvj Kiv hvq hgb, mivmwi Qy o gviv, cvm w` q Qy o gviv, jvwd q gviv, ej K gvwu Z g i IVv bv BZ vw`

58 Rxe bi Rb Ljvayjv ej KvwU q wb q hviqv : n vûej K nv Z K i wzb ci ewk wb q hviqv hvq bv ZvB Avq Ë ivl Z n j ej K Aek B gvwu Z Wªc w` q Zzj Z n e A_ vr evdý Kiv Z n e Gfv e hz Y Lywk ej K Kv Q ivlv h Z cv i Avevi ej wb q GwM q hviqv h Z cv i GK nv ZB ej K evdý Kiv bv hvq ej K evdý Kiv Z Kiv Z wec K KvwU q GwM q hviqv h Z cv i 5. evav `qv : hlb wec ` ji L jvqvo ejuv K wb q GwM q hv Q ev Mvj Ki Z hv Q, ZLb Zv K Ggbfv e evav w` Z n e, hv Z m ejuv K wbr ` ji Aci L jvqvo K ev Mvj cv Qy o bv w` Z cv i Zvi Rb GKvKx ev `yb-wzbr b GKmv _ nvz Zz j cövpxi ˆZwi K i ev kix ii Ask w` q evav w` Z n e KvR-1 : Kx Kx Kvi Y GKwU ` ji weiy wd«_ªv Ges cbvwë _ªv `qv nq wj L `LvI KvR-2 : Mvj cv ej Qvovi KŠkj jv `Lv Z ej eb cvv-5 : nwk BwZnvm : hz`~i Rvbv hvq wlªóc~e `yb nvrvi eqi Av M cvim ` k nwk Ljvi g Zv GK cökvi Ljvi cöpjb wqj c i cvim _ K wmö m I wmöm _ K iv g Zv cöpwjz nq c i d«v Ýi jv Kiv Ôn KUÕ bv g Ljv ïiy K ib n KU GKwU divwm kã, hvi A_ glcvj Ki jvwv AviI A bk c i Bsj v Ûi jv Kiv d«v Ýi KvQ _ K GB Ljv wk L n K bvg w` q Lj Z ïiy K i Bs iwr D PviY Abyhvqx ciez x Z GB Ljv nwk bv g mviv we k Qwo q c o 1924 mv j AvšÍR vwzk nwk dwv ikb MwVZ nq Awjw ú K cyiyl `i nwk 1908 mv j Ges gwnjv `i nwk 1980 mv j cö_g AšÍf y³ nq 1958 mv j Gwkqvb Mg m nwk AšÍf y³ nq cö_g wek Kvc nwk cöwz hvwmzv ïiy nq 1971 mv j 1972 mv j evsjv `k nwk dwv ikb MwVZ nq AvBbKvbyb : 1. nwk Ljvi gv Vi ˆ`N wguvi (100 MR) Ges cö wguvi (60 MR) 2. gv Vi mkj ilvi cö 75 wgwjwguvi (3 BwÂ) 3. gv Vi eo ilv K mvbw jvbb I QvU ilv K e vk jvbb e j 4. ky wus mv K j- e vk jvb bi mgvšíiv j wguvi (16 MR) `~ i gv Vi g a 3.66 wguvi (2 MR) ˆ` N i GKwU ilv Uvb Z n e GB ilvi `yb w`k _ K U b e vk jvb bi mv _ hy³ K i GKwU Aa e Ë AuvK Z n e Aa e Ëi jvbb n Z 5 wguvi `~ i 300 wg.wg. j ^v I 30 wguvi duvkv w` q fvov jvbb A¼b Ki Z n e

59 54 kvixwik wk v I ^v 5. d vm cv : gv Vi cöwz Kb v i GKwU K i d vm _vk e d vm cv i D PZv Kgc 1.20 wguvi I m e v P 1.50 wguvi n e 6. Mvj cv : `yb LuywUi wfz ii `~iz 4 MR (3.66 wg.) Ges gvwui Ici _ K µmev ii wbp ch ší D PZv n jv 7 dzu (2.14 wguvi) Mvj cv I µmev ii is n e mv`v e vk I mvbw ev W i D PZv gvwu _ K 18 Bw mvbw ev W i ˆ`N 120 wgwjwguvi 7. bu : bu µmevi, Mvj cv, mvbw evw Ges e vk ev W i mv _ wxjv K i jvmv bv _vk e 8. ej : e ji IRb 156 MÖvg n Z 163 MÖvg ch ší n Z cv i e ji cwiwa 224 wg.wg. n Z 235 wg.wg. e ji is n e mv`v 9. w K : 51 wgwjwguvi e v mi GKwU wis w Ki wfzi w` q P j G j w KwU ˆea e j we ewpz n e w Ki IRb 737 MÖv gi ewk n e bv nwk Ljvi gvv 10. L jvqvo : cö Z K ` j 16 R bi ewk L jvqvo _vk Z cvi e bv Ljv PjvKvjxb 11 Rb L jvqv oi ewk gv V Lj Z cvi e bv 11. Av úvqvi : `yrb Av úvqvi Ljv cwipvjbv K ib 12. Ljvi mgq : `yb A a Ljv n e cöwz A a i mgq 35 wgwbu Aa weiwz 5 n Z 10 wgwbu 13. Ljv Avi : m Uvi cv mi gva g nwk Ljv ïiy nq ejwu cyk ev wnu K i m Uvi cvm Ki Z nq ejwu 1 wguvi Mov bvi ci Ljvi g a MY n e 14. AdmvBW : nwk Ljvq AdmvBW nq bv 15. L jvqvo hv Ki Z cvi e bv- K. ej Ljvi mgq B QvK Zfv e cq bi w` K w K Zvjv hv e bv L. ej Ljvi mgq w Ki Kv bv Ask Kuv ai Dc i Zvjv hv e bv M. wec L jvqvo K wnu, ûk, PvR, w K w` q AvNvZ Kiv hv e bv N. wec L jvqv oi nvz ev Kvco a i ivlv hv e bv

60 Rxe bi Rb Ljvayjv MvjwKcvi nvz Øviv ej _vgv Z Ges ai Z cvi e 17. wd«wnu cö`vb Kiv n e- K. AvµgYKvix L jvqvo wec i 23 wguvi (25 MR) GjvKvi g a AvBb f½ Ki j L. i YKvix L jvqvo Zv `i ky wus mv K ji evb i 23 wguvi GjvKvi g a Awb QvK Zfv e AvBb f½ Ki j M. 23 wguvi GjvKvi g a h Kv bv L jvqvo h Kv bv ai bi Aciva Ki j 18. wd«wnu Kivi cöwµqv- K. ejwu Aek B w i _vk e L. m~pbvkvix ejwu cyk A_ev wnu Ki Z cvi e M. ejwu B QvK Zfv e DwV q Ljv hv e bv N. wec L jvqvo ej n Z 5 wguvi `~i Z i fz i Ae vb Ki Z cvi e bv 19. cbvwë Kb vi `qv nq : i Y ` ji Kv bv L jvqvo 25 MR (23 wguvi) jvb bi fz i, Z e mv K ji evb i B QvK Zfv e Kv bv Aciva Ki j ev Awb QvK Zfv e mv K ji fz i Aciva Ki j cbvwë Kb vi `qv nq 20. cbvwë Kb vi gvivi cöwµqv : e vk jvb bi Dci 10 M Ri wpwýz vb _ K cbvwë Kb vi gvi Z n e GB mgq Ab mkj L jvqvo 5 MR `~ i Ae vb Ki e i Y ` ji 5 Rb L jvqvo ( Mvji Kmn) MvjjvBb I e vk jvbb eivei `uvov Z cvi e whwb cbvwë Kb vi gvi eb, Zvi GKwU cv gv Vi fz i I Ab cv e vk jvb b ivl Z n e 21. cbvwë ªvK `qv nq- K. mv K ji fz i ejwu hlb AvµgYKvix L jvqv oi wbqš Y, ZLb i YKvix L jvqvo B QvK Z Aciv ai gva g GKwU m ve Mvj cöwznz Ki j L. mv K ji fz i i YKvix L jvqvo Awb QvK Z Aciv ai gva g GKwU AeavwiZ Mvj cöwznz Ki j M. cbvwë Kb vi ïiyi c~ e B i YKvix L jvqvo evievi e vk jvbb Q o ei n q G j 22. cbvwë ªvK gvivi cöwµqv : MvjjvBb n Z gv Vi w` K 7 M Ri (6.40 wguvi) wpwýz vb n Z cbvwë ªvK gvi Z n e MvjwKcvi I ªvK MÖnYKvix Qvov Ab vb L jvqvo 25 MR jvb bi evb i Ae vb Ki e cbvwë úu n Z cyk, wd K A_ev zc K i ejwu Lj Z n e

61 56 kvixwik wk v I ^v Kjv KŠkj : nwk Ljvi gšwjk Kjv KŠkj jv wbgœiƒc : 1. wnu, 2. wcs, 3. cyk, 4. wd K, 5. zc, 6. wwªewjs 1. mvrv wnu : ej kix ii evg w` K i L AvBbwm fv e w K w` q m Rv i AvNvZ K i Afxó j i w` K cvvv bv K mvrv wnu e j G mgq evg nvz w` q w Ki Dc ii Ask ai Z n e Wvb nvz, evg nv Zi wb P mshy³ _vk e Dfq nv Zi g a duvk _vk e bv ` wó e ji Dci _vk e mvrv wnu wcs 2. wcs : Avmbœ ej Avq Ë Avbv Ges c~y wbqš Y AR b Kivi Rb h KŠkj cö qvm Kiv nq, Zv K wcs ev Uªvwcs e j G mgq evg nvz w` q w Ki DcwifvM Ges Wvb nvz w` q gvsvgvws Ask ai Z n e w Ki mgzj Ask e ji w` K div bv _vk e c`øq c _K I cvkvcvwk Ae vb Ki e kix ii fi cv qi cvzvi Dci _vk e e ji Dci ` wó _vk e 3. cyk : e ji mv _ w K jvwm q Kv bv kã bv K i cö qvrbxq MwZgvÎv cö qv Mi gva g ejwu gvv Nu l Mwo q `qv K cyk e j G mgq evg nvz w` q w Ki Dc ii As k ai Z n e Wvb nv Zi mvnv h w Ki cövq ga fv M ai e evg cv mvg b Ges Wvb cv cq b _vk e

62 Rxe bi Rb Ljvayjv wd K : hlb GKwU w i ev Mov bv ej cyk Kiv nq Ges ejwu nuvuz ch ší Dc i I V, ZLb Zv K wd K e j 5. zc : GKwU w i ev MwZnxb e ji LvwbKUv wb P w K i L Dc ii w` K Pvjbvi mvnv h ej k~ b A_ vr gv_vi Dc i DVv bv nq, Zv K zc e j 6. wwªewjs : ejmn mvg b GwM q hviqv K wwªewjs e j wec K auvkv `qv Ges wec i Mvj cv i w` K ej GwM q hviqvi Rb wwªewjs Kvh Ki KŠkj wwªewjs KvR-1 : nwk Ljvi gvv A¼b K i `Lv e KvR-2 : nwk Ljvi KŠkj e vl v K i h Kv bv GKwU KŠkj cö`k b Ki e cvv - 6 muvzvi BwZnvm- ez gv b h ai bi mvuzvi Avgiv `L Z cvb, m mvuzvi cö_ g Bs iriv ïiy K i mybwgs kã Bs iwr mybwgb _ K G m Q 1837 mv j jû b cö_g cöwz hvwmzvg~jk mvuzvi AbywôZ nq Awjw ú K 1896 mvj _ K cyiyl `i I 1912 mvj _ K gwnjv `i mvuzvi AšÍf y³ nq 1908 mv j mvuzv ii AvšÍRv wzk ms v FINA (Federation International de Nation Amateur) MwVZ nq 1972 mv j evsjv `k mybwgs dwv ikb cöwzwôz nq mvuzv ii mvnv h ` ni mkj A ½i e vqvg nq e j G K c~y v½ e vqvg ejv nq ^v, Rxeb i v, µxov I Avb `i Rb mvuzvi klv mk ji DwPZ mvuzvi klvi mnvqk wrwbmcî : mvuzvi klvi Rb mvaviyz wbgœwjwlz wrwbm jv mnvqk wn m e e envi Kiv nq K. Rxeb i vi Rb eqv L. gvuimvwoi PvKvi wude M. KjvMvQ N. ïk bv bvwi Kj O. fvmgvb KvV ev evuk mvuzvi Abykxj bi mgq mzk Zv : 1. AveR bv I wec¾bk `ªe gy³ K i mvuzv ii RvqMv wbivc` Kiv 2. Aí cvwb ev AMfxi RvqMv e Q biqv

63 58 kvixwik wk v I ^v 3. KD Wy e M j Zz j Avb Z cv i, Ggb AwfÁ GKRb mvuzviy K Kv Q ivlv 4. fvmgvb e Kv Q ivlv 5. Avnvi Kivi `o NÈvi g a ev Lvwj c U mvuzvi Abykxjb bv Kiv 6. m e n j jvbd evu ev jvbd R v KU Kv Q ivlv 7. j ^v, gvuv I k³ `wo ev evuk Kv Q ivlv 8. cvkvk cwiez bi K I ev_iyg wvk Av Q wk bv cix v K i biqv 9. Kd ev _y_y evb i djvi e e v ivlv cöwz hvwmzvg~jk mvuzvi Pvi cökvi h_v : K. gy³ mvuzvi (Free Style) L. wpr mvuzvi (Backstroke) M. eyk muvzvi (Breast stroke) N. cörvcwz muvzvi (Butterfly) Kjv KŠkj : K. gy³ muvzvi (wd«vbj)- G muvzvi K d«u µj ev gy³ muvzvi e j G vb j Lye `ªyZ muvzvi KvUv hvq ` ni Ae vb : `nuv K Dcyo K i cvwbi mgvšíivj ivl Z n e cvwbi g a gv_v gv S gv S cwiez b Ki Z nq- KL bv cvwbi Ici Zz j, Avevi KL bv Nvo K KvZ K i mvaviyz hviv Kg `~i Z i muvzvi Kv U, Zv `i gv_vuv GKUz Dc ii w` K _v K Avevi hviv gvsvwi ev j ^v `~i Z i muvzvi Kv U Zv `i gv_vuv wb Pi w` K _v K nv Zi cöwµqv : 1. Lvovfv e nvzuv K mvrv mvg b wb q h Z n e 2. nvz K mvrv kix ii cvk w` q Nywi q cvwbi mgvšíiv j i L mvg b GwM q wb q h Z n e 3. hlb nvzuv gv_vi mvg bi cvwb úk Ki e, wvk ZLwb cvwbi wfzi nv Zi KvR ïiy n e 4. nvzuv cvwbi wfzi wb q cö_ g cvwb Uvb Z n e, c i wcq bi w` K Vjv w` Z n e Gfv e GK nv Zi ci Ab nvz A_ vr Wvb nv Zi ci evg nv Z cvwb K U Pj Z _vk e cv qi cöwµqv : 1. cv qi KvR Kvgi _ KB ïiy nq G Ki ci GK Wvb cv I evg cv DVv-bvgv K i mvg b G e 2. nuvuzi KvQ _ K cv fuvr Ki Z n e Ges cv qi cvzv mvrv _vk e 3. cv qi Mvovwj cvwbi Ic i Avm e bv cv qi cvzv w` q hlb cvwb Z Pvc ` e, ZLb muv 18 cwigvy cvwbi wb P hv e 4. g b ivl Z n e, `yb nv Z GKevi Ny i Avmvi g a 6 _ K 12 evi cv qi cwipvjbv Kiv nq

64 Rxe bi Rb Ljvayjv 59 k vm-cök vm : muvzvi KvUvi mgq gv_vuv K Nywi q cvwbi Ici gyl w` q wbtk vm bqv I Qvov nq A_ vr h nvzuv cvwbi Ic i _vk e, mb w`kuvb gv_vuv Nywi q bvk I gyl w` q k vm wb Z n e Ges gv_vuv cvwbi wfz i hviqvi mv _ mv _ wbtk vm Qvo Z n e wb Pi wpîwu ` L KŠkj iß Ki Z Póv Ki gy³ muvzv ii wbqgvewj 1. gy³ muvzvi Avi eø K D V ïiy Ki Z nq 2. gy³ muvzvi Dcyo n q muvzvi KvU Z nq 3. cv cvwbi wb P mvaviyz Bw cwigv Y hvq 4. Ab cöwz hvmxi j b wm q evavi m wó Ki Z cvi e bv 5. cvwbi wb P w` q muvzvi KvUv hv e bv 6. Uvwb s qi mgq kix ii h Kv bv Ask úk K i Uvwb s bqv hv e 7. mgvwß h Kv bv Ae vq Kiv hv e 8. nv Zi KvR cvwbi wb P S-Gi g Zv n e wpr muvzvi (e vk ªvK) gy³ muvzvi ` ni Ae vb : cvwb Z kixi wpr K i ivl Z n e mvaviyz gv_vuv K cvwbi fzi ivl Z nq hv Z m ú~y kixiuv cvwbi Ici mgvšíivj _v K- hb gv_vuv evwj k ivlv Av Q ` wó cv qi Mvovwji w` K ivl Z n e nv Zi cöwµqv : nvz `y Uv mvrvmywr gv_vi KvQvKvwQ cvwbi fzi wb q h Z n e hlb nvz cvwbi fzi cö ek Ki e, mv _ mv _ wb Pi w` K Pvc w` Z n e Ges KbyB K fvo Z n e wpr muvzvi cv qi cöwµqv : gy³ muvzv ii g ZvB A bkuv cv qi cöwµqv nq mvaviyz wpr n q dzuej wkk gvivi g ZvB cv qi cöwµqv

65 60 kvixwik wk v I ^v k vm-cök vm : k vm-cök vm ^vfvwekfv e wb Z n e wpr muvzv ii wbqgvewj : 1. wpr muvzvi cvwb Z b g nvzj a i Avi Ki Z nq 2. wpr muvzvi wpr n q KvU Z nq 3. cv cvwbi wb P mvaviyz Bw hvq 4. muvzv ii mgq A b i j b hviqv hv e bv 5. wpr muvzv i cv qi wkk n e Kvgi _ K 6. GB muvzv i kix ii h Kv bv Ask w` q N~Y b Kiv hv e Z e wpr Ae vq 7. GB muvzv i kix ii h Kv bv Ask úk K i muvzvi mgvß Kiv hv e, Z e wpr Ae vq eyk muvzvi ( e ª ªvK) : ` ni Ae vb : eyk muvzvi KvUvi mgq `nuv K cövq cvwbi mgvšíiv j ivl Z nq wcq bi Ask cvwbi mgvšíivj _ K 10 wwwmöi g Zv cvwbi wb Pi w` K _v K nv Zi cöwµqv : `yb nvz K cvwbi g a GKm ½ wb Z n e nv Zi Zvjy GKUz wb P I evb ii w` K ivl Z nq KbyB f O `yb nvz w` q wb Pi w` K Pvc w` Z nq Ges nvz `y Uv ey Ki mvg b Avmvi mv _ mv _ mvg bi w` K wb q h Z nq nvz Pvjv bvuv A bkuv ürwc Êi AvKv ii g Zv nq Nviv (Uvwb s) Ges muvzvi kl Kivi (wdwbwks) mgq `yb nvz w` q GKB mv _ `qvj ck Ki Z n e eyk muvzvi cv qi cöwµqv : cv `y Uv w` q nuvuz f O cvwb Z e v Oi g Zv wcq bi w` K jvw_ gvi Z nq cv qi cvzv evb ii w` K ivl Z n e k vm-cök vm : gv_v mvg b-ic i Zz j k vm wb Z nq Ges cvwbi wfz i Qvo Z nq eyk muvzv ii wbqgvewj : 1. ÔWvBfÕ w` q muvzvi Avi Ki Z n e 2. ÔUvwb s I wdwbwksõ-gi mgq GKmv _ `yb nvz w` q mgvwß Iqvj ck Ki Z n e

66 Rxe bi Rb Ljvayjv muvzv ii c~y mgq ey Ki Dci kix ii fvi _vk e 4. Ab cöwz hvmxi j b wm q evavi m wó Ki Z cvi e bv 5. cvwbi wbp w` q muvzvi `Iqv hv e bv 6. cv Dc i-wb P Zz j muvziv bv hv e bv 7. Dfq nvz I Dfq cv GKB mgq Ges GKB Kvq`vq mâvjb Ki Z n e cörvcwz muvzvi (evuvid vb) cörvcwz muvzvi ` ni Ae vb : GB muvzv i kixi Lye `ªyZ IVvbvgv K i cv Øviv hlb wb Pi w` K jvw_ gviv nq Kvgi ZLb Ic ii w` K D V Av m cybivq cvwb Uvbvi Rb nvz K hlb cö Z Kiv nq, ZLb gv_v I Nvo cvwbi wb P P j hvq Avevi hlb nvz Øviv cvwb cyj Kiv nq, ZLb Nvo I gv_v cvwbi Ici w` K R M I V `yb cv Rvov K i GKB mv _ nvz K cömvwiz Ki Z nq gv_v Dc i _vkv Ae vq k vm wb Z nq nv Zi KvR : cörvcwz muvzv i nv Zi KvR n e GKmv _ cvwbi Ic i nvk Avi wb P nvk, nvz K Av M-c i Kiv hv e bv nv Zi KbyB K euvkv Ges DuPz K i wb Pi w` K Ges evwnigylx K i cvwb Z Pvc w` Z n e nvz gv_v eivei mvrv ivl Z n e ey Ki `yb cvk _ K kixi Nywi q ey Ki wb P nvz K wb q Avm Z n e cvwbi wb P nvz K Kvgi ch ší wb q h Z n e cv qi KvR : cörvcwz muvzv i cv qi Ae vb n e Wjwdb wk Ki g Zv `yb cv Kv bv Ae v ZB Av M c i n j Pj e bv, cv GKmv _B IVvbvgv Ki Z n e kixi kvqv bv Ae vq cv `y Uv GK Î mvrv K i ivl Z