Inclusive Education Training Manual

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3 Inclusive Education Training Manual cwikíbv I ipbv gvt mv nj ivbv Zcb Kzgvi evob ixbv nvj`vi fvizx emy DËg Kzgvi ivq m úv`bv g nrexb RvwKi Lvb gvt mv nj ivbv wb ` kbv g vby qjv wwõa vwûªqv g nrexb RvwKi Lvb gvnv ` kvn& biqvr

4 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj cökvkk G mvwm qkb di wi qjvb Rkb Ae ewmk wbw&m-avievb evwo 16, ivw 9/G, avbgwû, XvKv 1209, evsjv `k cökvkbv ^Z Avievb KZ K msiw Z Avievb cökvkbv wmwir-33 cö_g cökvk 26 ww m ^i, 2012 cö Q` gvneye/` K Bbvi d Uv RywjI ww ivrv Avjev Z v gwjbvwi Bbvi javdu Zzlvi/` K gy`ªy cökvkbv wefvm, ` K mn hvwmzv BD ivwcqvb BDwbqb (BBD) U i Wm nvgm& dvd Ûkb (wuwwgbp)-bzvjxqv

5 gyleü G mvwm qkb di wi qjvb Rkb Ae ewmk wbw&m-avievb GKwU emikvwi Dbœqb msmvb msmvbwu 1984 mv ji 18 deª qvwi cöwzôv jvf K i Rb jmœ _ K Avievb gvby li wk vi AwaKvi ev evq bi j KvR K i Avm Q GiB avivevwnkzvq Avievb 2002 mvj _ K U i Wm nvgm& dvd Ûkb (wuwwgbp)-bzvjxqvõi mv _ GWz Kkb cök í KvR Kivi Rb Pzw³e nq ez gv b Avievb I Aciv Rq evsjv `k cvu bviwk ci gva g Ges U i Wm nvgm& dvd Ûkb (wuwwgbp)-bzvjxqv I B qv ivwcqvb BDwbq bi hš_ A_ vq b ÔGWz Kkb di -vg wp ìªb-bwcgmwmõ Ges Ôkn ii myweavewâz wkï `i myi v Dbœqb (wwwmavb/gbgmg-wcwfww/2010/208604)õ bvgk cökí ev evqb K i Avm Q mkj wkï K wk vq Aš f ~³ Kivi gva g wkfv e gvbm Z GKxf~Z wk v wbwðz I Abykxjb Kiv hvq mb eva _ KB GKwU g vbyqvj cö Z Kivi D ` vm MÖnY Kiv nq G j gvt mv nj ivbv, m±i Kv-AwW bui-bbk zwmf GWz Kkb, Avievb Gi bz Z I ZË veav b GKwU ` BbK zwmf GWz Kkb mj MVb Kiv nq Avwg GB cöwk Y mj-gi hviv GB g vbyqvjwu cöyqb K i Qb, hgb: gvt mv nj ivbv ( m±i Kv-AwW bui-bbk zwmf GWz Kkb, Avievb) I Zcb Kzgvi evob ( UªBbvi-BbK zwmf GWz Kkb, Avievb), ixbv nvj`vi ( UªBbvi-BbK zwmf GWz Kkb, Avievb), fvizx emy ( UªBbvi-BbK zwmf GWz Kkb, Aciv Rq evsjv `k) Ges DËg Kzgvi ivq ( UªBbvi-BbK zwmf GWz Kkb, Aciv Rq evsjv `k); mkj K ab ev` Ávcb KiwQ GQvovI gvnv ` kvn& biqvr (cö R± Kv-AwW bui, Avievb), g vby qjv wwõa vwûªqv (cö R± g v brvi, wuwwgbp-bzvjxqv), g nrexb RvwKi Lvb (cö R± Kv-AwW bui, wuwwgbp-bzvjxqv) mn g vbyqvj cöyq bi Î hviv mvwe Kfv e mn hvwmzv I wb ` kbv cö`vb K i Qb; Avwg mkj K ab ev` Ávcb KiwQ Kb GB cöqvm? mve Rbxb gvbevwakvi NvlYv-1948 Abyhvqx Ôwk v mkj wkïi AwaKviÕ Ômevi Rb wk võ NvwlZ n q Q g~jz cövwš K wkï we kl K i g q wkï, nz`wi`ª cwiev ii wkï I cöwzeüx wkï `i wk v _ K ev` covi ev e AwfÁZv _ K ev`covi GB Abykxjb c w_exi mkj ` k we kl K i Dbœqbkxj I AbybœZ ` k ewk cwijw Z nq cöwzeüx wkïmn mkj cövwš K wkïi wk v _ K ev`cov iva Kivi Rb Avš R vwzkfv e A bk jv NvlYv I bxwzgvjv MÖnY Kiv n q Q G mkj NvlYvq mkj wkïi Rb wk vi K_v cwi vifv e ejv n q Q Kvb wkï K ev` w` q Avgiv mgv Ri Z_v iv óªi mylg Dbœq bi K_v fve Z cvwi bv mkj wkï K wk vq Aš fy ³Ki Yi gva g Avgiv GKxf~Z wk v (Inclusive Education) ev evq bi Aš Z cö_g avcwu m úbœ Ki Z cvwi GKwU GKxf~Z zj cöwzôvi gva g GKxf~Z wk v ev evq bi c _ avegvb niqv Ges GKxf~Z wk v ev evq bi gva g GKwU GKxf~Z mgvr cöwzôv Kiv m e GKxf~Z mgvr MVb nj: GKxf~Z Dbœq bi GKgvÎ Dcv`vb, hlv b mkj gvbyl Zvi wbr wbr vb _ K mgv Ri Dbœq b KvR Ki e, _vk e bv Kvb ˆelg, Kvb AZ vpvixi f~wgkv I AZ vpvwi Zi AvZ bv` ZvB wek e vcx GLb mgawakvi ev evq bi nvwzqvi wn m e GKxf~Z wk v ev evq bi mgq G m Q GKxf~Z wk v ïay Kvb GK köyxi Rb Mvôxi Ici i Z v ivc K i bv eis ag -ey, wj½ wbwe k l mkj wkïi wk vi K_v e j, mkj wkïi AskMÖn Yi K_v e j, mgv R mkj gvbyl K wk vi mv _ m ú ³ K i GKxf~Z wk v Ggb GKwU cöwµqv hvi gva g wk vi g a GKwU YMZ cwiez b Avbv m e Ges mkj wkïi z j Aš fy ³ niqvi Î hz evav Av Q Zv `~i Kiv Ges mkj wk v_ x `i Rb wk vi e e v Kiv m e Gme evavmg~ ni mv _ ms wz, RÛvi, mvgvwrk Ae vb, `vwi`ª, cöwzewüzv cöf wzi hvmm~î Av Q wkqz Î cövwš K cwiev ii wkïiv kªyxk ˆel g i wkkvi nq, hgb: ew Z emevmkvix `wi`ª, `wjz, wenvwi wkïiv wkqz wkqz Î cwiev ii `vwi `ª i Kvi Y wkïiv zj ch š h ZB cv i bv Z e, cöwzeüx wkïiv wk v _ K ev`covi Î me P q SuywKi g a Av Q Avevi A bk wkï Av Q hviv wklb cöwzeüx, Zviv kvixwik Kvb cöwzeükzvi wkkvi bv n qi zj _ K S i c o wksev z j h Z cv i bv wk KZv Ki Z wm q A bk mgq wk KMY Ggb wkqz mgm vi m ylxb n Z cv ib mme welq Kxfv e gvkv ejv Ki Z n e m welqwu Zv `i Rvbv bvi _vk Z cv i G wb ` wkkvwu Z wk K `i Rb G ai bi ek wkqz Kjv KŠkj ms hvrb Kiv n q Q hv ev ezvi Av jv K mvrv bv Gi g a mewkqzb mn R AbymiY hvm fv e Dc vcb Kiv n q Q G wb ` wkkvwu wk K `i ` wófw½i BwZevPK cwiez b NwU q GKwU GKxf~Z wk ve e v ev evqb Kivmn GKwU GKxf~Z mgvr MV b we kl fywgkv cvjb Ki e e j Avgiv Avkv KiwQ Kvb wkqzb Î wu-wepz wzi E aÿ bq GB g vbyqvj cvv I köyxk Abykxjb K i hw` Kvb wel q civgk `b Zvn j Avgiv DcK Z ne Ges ciez x Z Zv g vbyqv j Aš f ~³ Ki ev mevi me v½xy g½j Kvgbv KiwQ gvnv ` Kvgvj DwÏb Kv-AwW bui G mvwm qkb di wi qjvb Rkb Ae ewmk wbw&m-avievb

6 gyleü U i Wm nvgm& (wuwwgbp)-bzvjxqv MZ cvup `kk _ K wkïi myi v I AwaKvi cöwzôvq wek e vcx Kvh Ki fywgkv i L Avm Q wuwwgbp wek vm K i cö Z K wkïb cöwzfvevb Ges my hvm c j cö Z KB ` ki Dbœq b mwµq f~wgkv ivl Z cv i GB ms v wkï Kw `ªK e e v K we kl i Z `q hv wkï myi v, wk v Ges kvixwik I gvbwmk ^v i myôz wekvk wbwðz K i wewfbœ `kxq ms v Ges BD ivwcqvb BDwbq bi mnvqzvq wuwwgbp BZvjxqv evsjv ` ki knivâ ji ew Z emevmkvix nz`wi`ª I cövwš K cwiev ii g q I Q j wkï Ges we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkï `i Rb wewfbœ myweav Dbœq bi gva g mwµq AskMÖnY wbwðz Ki Z KvR K i Avm Q GKxf~Z wk v ÒcÖwk K cöwk YÕÕ g vbyqvjwu knivâ ji ew Z Aew Z we` vjq I wk v K `ªmg~ ni cö vc U mvrv bv n q Q GwU Z Yg~j ch v qi GKxf~Z wk vi cöwk K, mgvr Kg x Ges mivmwi m ú ³ Kg xe `i ` Zv e w Z mnvqk n e g vbyqvjwu ^ ^ Kg xi KZ e wbiƒc Y Ges wkï `i mv _ `vwqz kxj I BwZevPK AvPi Y DØy Ki Z we klfv e mvnvh Ki e, hv GKxf~Z cwi ek Dbœq bi c~e kz Avwg we kl fv e ab ev` RvbvB cök íi ÒGKxf~Z wk v mjó-gi Kg xe ` K hviv wemz eqi jv Z cök íi z j Ges cök íi evb ii Av iv 30wU z j GKxf~Z wk vi mwvk PP vi Î wbijm cwikªg K i Avm Q Avwg Awfb `b RvbvB AskMÖnYKvix wk K `i hv `i gzvgz e wz i K G g vbyqvjwu m ú~y Kiv m e nz bv wji bvi wµ mvmz gv Kvw Uª wi cö R UwUf wuwwgbp-bzvjxqv

7 K ZÁZv ^xkvi GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj ˆZwi Ki Z wm q wewfbœ e w³ I Gi mv _ m úwk Z wewfbœ WKy g Ui mn hvwmzv wb Z n q Q GRb cök íi GKxf~Z wk v mj mevi Kv Q K ZÁZv cökvk Ki Q GKxf~Z wk v mj cö_ gb K ZÁZv cökvk Ki Q gvnv ` Kvgvj DwÏb, mgš^qkvix, Avievb whwb Zuvi mywpwš Z I mymfxi aviyv e ³ K i GB wb ` wkkv K mg K i Qb wzwb cövqkb GKxf~Z wk vi iƒc ilv I G msµvš wb ` wkkv Kgb n e; Kvb Kvb welq G Z Aš fy ³ n e Zv wb q Av jvpbv K i Qb hv Avgv `i wpš v K AviI mg K i Q GKxf~Z wk v mj AviI ab ev` I K ZÁZv cökvk Ki Q U i Wm nvgm& dvd Ûkb (wuwwgbp)- BZvjxqvÕi Kvw Uª wi cö R UwU fi Kv Q whwb Zvi mn hvwmzv Ae vnz i L Qb GQvovI Avgiv K ZÁ g vby qjv wwõa vwûªqv, cö R± g v brvi, wuwwgb Pi Kv Q; hvi mn hvwmzv Qvov GB g vbyqvjwu ˆZwi Kiv m e wqj bv wzwb Zvi mywpwš Z gzvgz I G wel q Zvi we Z aviyv cö`vb K i Qb GB wb ` wkkv ˆZwii ïi _ K kl ch š Avgv `i mv _ _ K g nrexb RvwKi Lvb, cökí mgš^qkvix, wuwwgbp Ges gvnv ` kvn& biqvr, cökí mgš^qkvix, Avievb mnvqzv K i Qb Avgiv Zv `i Kv Q K ZÁ evsjv `k cöwzeüx dvd Ûk bi (wewcgd) GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y m ji Kv Q Avgiv we klfv e K ZÁ GQvovI Avievb, Aciv Rq evsjv `k I wuwwgb Pi mkj mnkg xi Kv Q Avgiv K ZÁ hviv Avgv `i Kv Ri mv _ msnwz cökvk K i Qb GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y mj G mvwm qkb di wi qjvb Rkb Ae ewmk wbw&m-avievb

8 Acronyms AIDS CRC CWDs DPE EFA IE IEP MDG MOE NCTB NER NEP NGO PEDP PWDs UNCRPD UNESCO Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Convention on the Rights of the Child Children with Disabilities Directorate of Primary Education Education for All Inclusive Education Individual Education Plan Millennium Development Goals Ministry of Education National Curriculum and Text Book Board Net Enrollment Rate National Education Plan/National Education Policy Non-government Organization Primary Education Development Program Persons with Disabilities United Nations Convention for Rights of the Persons with Disabilities United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

9 Kvm iƒc ilv I mgq wefvrb gwwdj welqe mgq cöwk Yi cöviw K welq gwwdj 1 gwwdj 2 gwwdj 3 gwwdj 4 gwwdj 5 gwwdj 6 g~j vqb I mgvcbx D Øvabx I cwiwpwz ce f~wgkv I D Øvabx, cwiwpwz, cöwk Yi D Ïk, cöwk Y bxwzgvjv, cöwk Y cöz vkv, cövk-g~j vqb (Pre-Test) mevi Rb wk v I wkï wekvk AwaKviwfwËK A v cövp, GKxf~Z wk v I GKxf~Z Dbœqb, wkïi wekv ki aviyv I Gi i Z, wkïi µgwekvk cöwzwu wkïb Avjv`v wkl bi Î evavmg~n/cöwzeükzv, A½nvwb, cöwzewüzv I cöv_wgk mbv³kiy, cöwzewüzvi gww Kj g Wj I mvgvwrk g Wj, eâbv, wk Ki KiYxq I Zv `i cöwzwµqv GKxf~Z wk vi aviyv I wekvk GKxf~Z wk vi wekvk (we kl wk v _ K GKxf~Z wk v), GKxf~Z wk vi aviyv I evsjv ` ki ez gvb Ae v, AvbyôvwbK wk v, we kl wk v, mgwš^z wk v Ges GKxf~Z wk vi ga Kvi cv_ K, GKxf~Z wk vi 10wU KviY, GKxf~Z wk v: evsjv ` ki ez gvb cö vcu, GKxf~Z wk vi gva g Kviv DcK Z n Q? wkïi Pvwn`v mbv³kiy I KiYxq GKxf~Z wk vi 9wU Mv ìb i jm mkj wkï K Aš fy ³ Ki b, hvmv hvm, kªyxk e e vcbv, cvv cwikíbv, ^Zš /GKK wk v cwikíbv, GKK mnvqzv, mnvqk DcKiY, AvPiY e e vcbv, GK Î KvR Kiv GKxf~Z wk vq bgbxqzv we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkï `i Rb bgbxqzv, PvBì Uz PvBì A v cövp ^íg~ j wk v DcKiY ˆZwi I e envi ^íg~ j wk v DcKiY ˆZwi, e envi, i Z c~y wkqz wklb-wk Y DcKiY ˆZwi I wb ` kbvmg~n, i Z c~y wkqz GbviRvBRvi (m ZwRKiY) cöwµqv, QvU `j MVb Kvm wiwfd, Kvm g~j vqb (Post-Test), mgvcbx 2 NÈv 00 wgwbu 3 NÈv 00 wgwbu 5 NÈv 30 wgwbu 6 NÈv 00 wgwbu 7 NÈv 40 wgwbu 1 NÈv 30 wgwbu 3 NÈv 00 wgwbu 1 NÈv 20 wgwbu

10 mnvq Ki Rb wkqz K_v g vbyqvj e env i wkqz wewagvjv g b Pjv GKRb cöwk Ki Rb AZ š cö qvrb g vbyqvj e env ii wkqz mvaviy wewagvjv wb gœ mwbœ ewkz Kiv nj cöwzwu g vbyqvj e envi Kivi Av M cö_ gb fve Z n e GwU Kv `i Rb ˆZwi Kiv n q Q Ges Kviv e envi Ki e GB `yõwu welq gv_vq ivl j GwU e envi Kivi Rb cö qvrbxq aviyv cviqv hv e GB g vbyqvjwu e envi Ki eb mnvqkmy hv `i wkï `i wb q we kl K i myweavewâz wkï `i wb q KvR Kivi AwfÁZv i q Q AskMÖnYKvix nj wk K I wk v wb q hviv KvR K ib mnvqk K hv Ki Z n e - cö_ gb g vbyqvj Gi cöwzwu Awa ekb cö_g _ K kl ch š fvjfv e co Z n e - mnvq Ki Rb `qv bvu jv fv jvfv e AvZ Ki Z n e KviY Kvb ZvwË K Av jvpbv hw` Ki Z nq Ges m wel q hw` c~y v½ aviyv bv _v K Zvn j cöwk Y cwipvjbv Kiv m e bq - cöwk Y h c wz jv e envi Kiv n q Q m c wz jv m ú K my úó aviyv _vkv - cöwzwu Awa ekb cwipvjbvi c~ e cöwµqvwu fvjfv e c o wb Z n e g b ivl Z n e Awa ekb PjvKv j g vbyqvj ` L ` L cöwk Y cwipvjbv fvj bq, GB welqwu gv_vq i LB Awa ek bi cö wz wb Z n e - mgq _vk Z ` L wb Z n e fb zwu Dc hvmx wk bv GKRb fv jv mnvq Ki Yvejx - AskMÖnYKvix I Zv `i AwfÁZvi Ici Av v iv Lb - ˆah kxj Ges GKRb fv jv kövzv n q _v Kb - wb Ri Ici Av v iv Lb, Z e KZ Z c~y e envi K ib bv - Av jvpbvq mevb K AskMÖnY Ki Z DrmvwnZ K ib - cªkœ K i AwfÁZv R b wbb - A b i gzvgz K kª v K ib I wb Ri a vb aviyv Pvwc q `b bv - myk Lj I MvQv bv nb - cö qvr b cöwk Yi c wz cwiez bi e vcv i bgbxq nb - welqe I AskMÖnYKvix `i gzvgz MÖn Yi e vcv i AvMÖnx I Drmvnx nb - Aw½Kvi i v K ib, hgb: AskMÖnYKvix `i K_v ej Z `qv, myweav gz mg q weiwz `qv, h_vmg q Awa ekb kl Kiv BZ vw` - cö qvr b cöwk Y D ~Z h Kvb ai bi Av emgq cwiw wz gvkv ejv Ki Z cv ib mnvqk K mvwe Kfv e h mkj wel qi cöwz g bv hvm w` Z n e - mswk-ó wel q AskMÖnYKvix `i KZUzKz aviyv Av Q Zv cö_ g hvpvb K i biqv - Av jvpbvi welq, D Ïk, mgq Ges AskMÖnYKvix `i KiYxq welq m ú K aviyv `qv - cö qvrb Abyhvqx ` ji m`m fvm Kiv I `j MV bi mgq we kl KŠkj Aej ^b Kiv - `jxq Kv Ri mgq KZ b Zv e j w`b - `jxq Av jvpbv ïi n j `jxq Kvh vejx ch e Y Kiv I mnvqzv Kiv mnvq Ki `vwqz Ges GBRb Zv K Ny i Ny i wewfbœ ` j hviqv Avek K

11 - `jxq Av jvpbvi djvdj Dc vc bi Rb cö qvrbxq DcKiY cö`vb Kiv Ges Zv Kxfv e Dc vcb Ki Z n e m wel q cwi vi aviyv `qv - cö Z K AskMÖnYKvix K mgvbfv e i Z `qv Ges mk ji gzvgz K mgvb g~j vqb Kiv ˆewPÎ cöwk Y Avcwb wk wk welq Ki eb m jvi e vcv i Av MB cwikíbv Ki b I wm vš wbb AskMÖnYKvix `i AvMÖn ervq ivlvi Rb ˆewPÎ c~y Kg Kv Êi cwikíbv wbb Z e Zviv hv Z K vš bv n q c o mw` K j ivl Z n e AskMÖnYKvixMY hv Z Uq ju (ev_i g) e envi, cvwb cvb, bv v LvIqv, we bv`b Kiv BZ vw`i my hvm cvb mrb cö qvrb Abymv i weiwz w` Z fyj eb bv cöwk Yv_x `i cöz vkv cö Z K cöwk YB cöwk Yv_x `i wkqy cöz vkv _v K hvi cöwzdjb cöwk Y NUv bv AZ š Ri wi welq AskMÖnYg~jK cöwk Y cöwµqvq AskMÖnYKvix `i cöz vkv Rvbv GKwU gšwjk welq AskMÖnYKvix `i GB mkj cöz vkv Rvbvi Rb cöwk Yi ïi ZB my hvm `qv DwPZ, GB g vbyqv j GB ai bi GKwU my hvm ivlv n q Q cöwk Yi ïi i w` K Zv `i cöz vkv Rvbv Ges Zv `i mkj cöz vkv hw` c~iy bv nq Zvn j cöwk Yi k li w` K c~iy bv niqv cöz vkv wb q Av jvpbv Kiv h Z cv i cöwk Yi mgqmxgv cöwk Yi welqmg~n K we epbv K i gvu mgq 5 w`b (30 NÈv) ivlv n q Q cöwk Y c wz GB cªwk YwU wbgœwjwlz c wz Z mk ji AskMªn Yi gva g cwipvwjz n e: - eªbb wg s - ivj c-/f~wgkvwfbq - cö kœvëi - gy³ Av jvpbv - QvU ` j KvR - Kb mbwuªk mv K j - wk v ågy - NUbv we k-ly - wezk cöwz hvwmzv - Rvovq KvR - -vbw cö R Ukb - GKK KvR - mv K j A vw±wfwu (PµvKv i KvR) - W gv K vm - KzBR cöwz hvwmzv - UK kv DcKiY e envi DcKiY e envi Kivi mgq wkqy wbqg g b Pjv cö qvrb we kl K i cöwk Y Awa ek b DcKiY e envi Kivi mgq GB mkj wbqg g b bv Pj j GKwU Awa ek b DcKiYwU h D Ï k e envi Kiv n Q mb D Ïk AR b Kiv hvq bv DcKiY e env ii GB wbqg wewfbœ DcKi Yi Rb wewfbœ ikg n q _v K GLv b DcKiY e envi Kivi mvaviy wkqy wbqg Av jvpbv Kiv n q Q h wbqg jv mvwe Kfv e me ÎB Kv R jvmv bv h Z cv i 1 DcKiY e envi Kivi mgq g b ivl Z n e h, DcKiYwUi e envi hb mevb eys Z cv ib 2 DcKiYwU Ggbfv e ivl Z n e hb mevb fvjfv e muv `L Z cv ib DcKiYwU AskMÖnYKvix _ K Lye ewk `~ i A_ev Lye ewk Kv Q ivlv DwPZ bq mnvqk Ggbfv e `uvov eb ev Ae vb Ki eb hb Zvi Øviv DcKiYwUi Kvb Ask XvKv bv c o

12 3 we kl K i h mkj DcKi Yi g a wpš v Kivi welq _v K m mkj DcKiY e envi Kivi mgq AskMÖnYKvix `i gvbwmkfv e cö Z ivl Z n e mnvqk Ggbfv e Ae vb Ki eb hb wzwb AskMÖnYKvix `i gy LvgywL Ae v b _v Kb hw` Kvb Î DcKi Yi e vl v cö qvrb nq Zvn j Zvi e vl v w` Z n e cöwk Yi g~j vqb g~j vqb Kvb fxwzki cix v bq cöwk Y g~j vqb n Q Avgiv h D Ïk K mvg b i L mk j mw wjzfv e h KvR jv m úbœ K iwq Zvi d j Avgv `i D Ïk KZUzKz AwR Z n q Q Zv mk j wg j hvpvb K i `LvB cöwk Yi g~j vqb cöwk Yi g~j vqb Kivi Rb cöwk Y k l AskMÖnYKvix `i wewfbœ Ljvi gva g `jxqfv e g~j vqb Kiv h Z cv i cöwk Yi cwi ek cöwk Yi Rb my `i GKwU Dc hvmx cwi ek m wó Kiv mnvq Ki `vwqz KviY klvi Rb hw` Dchy³ cwi ek m wó Kiv bv hvq Zvn j AskMÖnYKvixMY h_vh_fv e wkl Z cvi e bv ZvB cöwk Yi Rb my `i I mnvqk cwi ek m wó Ki Z mnvqk bx Pi welq jvi cöwz j ivl eb: - mevb hb AskMÖnY Ki Z cv i Zvi my hvm I Dchy³ cwi ek ˆZwi K i w`b - Lvjv gjv Av jvpbvi cwi ek ˆZwi Ki b - cöwk Yv_x `i eys Z mnvqzv Ki b h, cöwk YwU Zv `i Ges wkï `i Rxe bi Rb Lye i Z c~y - Zv `i aviyv K Avwe vi Ki Z mnvqzv Ki b - Zv `i gzvgz K i Z w`b I fvj Kv Ri Rb DrmvwnZ Ki b - KvD K wzi vi Ki eb bv mkj cökvi Ø Ø wbimb Ki b - my cöwz hvwmzv m wó Ki b - wewfbœ we bv` bi (GbviRvBRvi/ Ljvi) Av qvrb Ki b Awa ek bi ïi Kivi c~e cö wz - g vbyqvjwu nv Zi Kv Q ivlv - cöwk Y m~wp nv Zi Kv Q ivlv - mswkó mkj DcKiY c~ e ˆZwi I msmön K i ivlv - cöwk Yi vb m ú K aviyv bqv Ges emvi e e v wkiƒc n e Zv wbwðz niqv Awa ekb PjvKvjxb KiYxq - ï f Qv Rvbv bv I Kzkj wewbgq Kiv - D Øvab, cwiwpwz Ges AskMÖnYKvix `i RoZv gy³ Kiv - AskMÖnYKvix `i cöwk Y cöz vkv Rvbv - cöwk Y wel qi mv _ Zv `i cöz vkv wgwj q `Lvi my hvm m wó K i `qv - mgqm~wp wbav iy, LvZv, Kjg, dvbj, bbg KvW BZ vw` DcKiY weziy Kiv - AskMÖn Yi gva g cöwk Yi wbqgvejx wbav iy Kiv - AskMÖnYKvix `i GK Nu qwg `~i Kivi Rb Ges Zv `i g bv hvm wdwi q Avbvi Rb gv S gv S we bv`b Kiv - mnvq Ki Kvb gy`ªv `vl I ` wókuz A½fw½ _vk j Zv m PZbfv e Z vm Kiv

13 - mg qi cöwz j ivlv (h_vmg q Awa ekb kl Kiv) - mnr mij fvlv e envi Kiv - cöwk Ki nvwm Lywk _vkv Ges Ab `i KI nvwm Lywk ivlv - ev ewfwëk D`vniY `qv - gv S gv S wiwfd Kiv Ges wdwe vk bqv - cöwk Y g~j vqb Kiv g vbyqvj e env ii wb ` wkkv 1. cöwk K K g vbyqvjwu e env ii Rb ckvmz I wk vmz hvm Zv _vk Z n e 2. G g vbyqvjwu GKwU wi mvm g v Uwiqvj wn m e we epbv K i cöwk Yi Pvwn`vbyhvqx e envi Kiv hv e 3. cöwk Yi cöwµqv, mnvwqkv I Ab vb DcKiY ûeû e envi Ki Z n e Ggb Kvb K_v bb cö qvr b G jvi wkqz cwiez b, cwiea b, cwigvr b Kiv h Z cv i cöwzwu Awa ek bi Rb B mnvqk Z_ mshy³ i q Q cö qvr b m jv A_ev bzzb wkqz mshy³ K ii e envi Kiv hv e 4. cöwk Y cöwk Yv_ x `i gzvgz, g bvfve I g~j eva K i Z w` Z n e 5. G g vbyqvjwu 5 w` bi Rb cwikíbv Kiv n q Q cö qvr b GwU K msw ß I ewa Z Kiv h Z cv i 6. cöwzwu Awa ek bi ïi ZB AskMÖnYKvix `i mv _ ï f Qv wewbgq Ki b Ges Awa ek bi D Ïk e vl v Ki b 7. `jxq Av jvpbv I f~wgkv Awfbq cwipvjbvi Rb wb œv³ avcmg~n g b Pjyb: - cö_ gb AskMÖnYKvix `i msl v Abymv i Zv `i K wb ` wkz c wz I cöwµqvi Av jv K ` j fvm Ki b - `jxq Av jvpbvi welq úó Ki b cö qvrb n j 2/1wU m ve welq D`vniYmn e j w`b m e n j `jxq Av jvpbvi welq ev W wj L w`b - me `j K Avjv`vfv e em Z w`b - mk j hv Z Av jvpbvq gzvgz w` Z cv i m w` K j ivlyb - cöwk K Ny i Ny i `jxq Av jvpbvq Ask b eb cö qvr b 2/1wU c q U e j Av jvpbv K GwM q w`b - `jxq Av jvpbvi gzvgzmg~n cv vi ccv i wj L Dc vcb Ki Z ejyb Dc vc bi mgq mk ji gzvgz `qvi my hvm w`b - `jxq Av jvpbvi gzvg Zi mv _ cö qvr b wb Ri gzvgz hy³ K i w`b 8. cö Z KwU ivj c-õi ci Db y³ Av jvpbv Ki b 9. GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvjwu 5 w` bi Rb ˆZwi Kiv n q Q cöwk Yi cö_g w` bi cö_g Awa ekb A_ vr cwipq ce k l 5 w` bi cöwk Y Kvh µg myôzfv e m úv`b Kivi Rb AskMÖnYKvix `i K 4wU ` j fvm K i w`b Ges cö Z K `j K mywbw` ó `vwqz eèb K i w`b `vwqz mg~n nj: 1. e e vcbv 2. we bv`b 3. cöwz e`b ˆZwi (wi cvwu s) Ges 4. wiwfd `j 4wU ` ji cö Z KwU `j G KK w`b G KK `vwqz cvjb Ki e 4wU ` ji Gfv e bvg `qv h Z cv i: wkdwj, kvcjv, cù, Kvkdzj D`vniY ^iƒc: wkdwj `j 1g w`b e e vcbvi KvR Ki j 2q w`b we bv`b, 3q w`b wi cvwu s Ges 4_ w`b wiwfd (cybiv jvpbv) Gi KvR Ki eb Gfv e cöwzwu ` ji `vwqz µgvš^ q e`j n e cöwzwu `j cö Z Kw`b Kvb bv Kvb `vwq Z _vk eb Ges cöwk Y Kvh µg fvjfv e m úv` bi Rb mnvqk `i K mnvqzv Ki eb

14 m~wpcî cöwk Yi cöviw K welq 14 D Øvabx I cwiwpwz ce D Øvabx cwiwpwz cöwk Yi D Ïk cöwk Y bxwzgvjv cöwk Y cöz vkv cövk-g~j vqb 16 gwwdj 1 17 mevi Rb wk v I wkï wekvk AwaKviwfwËK A v cövp GKxf~Z wk v I GKxf~Z Dbœqb wkïi wekv ki aviyv I Gi i Z 24 4.wkïi µgwekvk 27 gwwdj 2 33 cöwzwu wkïb Avjv`v wkl bi Î evavmg~n/cöwzeükzv A½nvwb cöwzewüzv I cöv_wgk mbv³kiy cöwzewüzvi gww Kj g Wj I mvgvwrk g Wj eâbv wk Ki KiYxq I Zv `i cöwzwµqv 56 gwwdj 3 59 GKxf~Z wk vi aviyv I wekvk GKxf~Z wk vi wekvk (we kl wk v _ K GKxf~Z wk v) GKxf~Z wk vi aviyv I evsjv ` ki ez gvb Ae v AvbyôvwbK wk v, we kl wk v, mgwš^z wk v Ges GKxf~Z wk vi ga Kvi cv_ K GKxf~Z wk vi 10wU KviY GKxf~Z wk v: evsjv ` ki ez gvb cö vcu GKxf~Z wk vi gva g Kviv DcK Z n Q? wkïi Pvwn`v mbv³kiy I KiYxq 85

15 gwwdj 4 91 GKxf~Z wk vi 9wU Mv ìb i jm& mkj wkï K Aš fy ³ Ki b hvmv hvm kªyxk e e vcbv cvv cwikíbv ^Zš /GKK wk v cwikíbv GKK mnvqzv mnvqk DcKiY AvPiY e e vcbv GK Î KvR Kiv 117 gwwdj bgbxqzv we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkï `i Rb bgbxqzv PvBì Uz PvBì A v cövp 123 gwwdj ^íg~ j wk v DcKiY ˆZwi I e envi ^íg~ j wk v DcKiY ˆZwi I e envi i Z c~y wkqz wklb-wk Y DcKiY ˆZwi I wb ` kbvmg~n i Z c~y wkqz GbviRvBRvi (m ZwRKiY) cöwµqv QvU `j MVb 141 MÖš cäx 143 cövk-g~j vqb I cöwk Y ciez x g~j vq bi cökœcî 144

16 Awa ekb: D Øvabx I cwiwpwz ce D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - mnvqk I AskMÖnYKvixMY ci ú ii m ½ cwiwpz n eb - AskMÖnYKvixMY RoZv I ms KvPgy³ n q wklb cwi ek m wó Ki Z m g n eb - AskMÖnYKvixMY cöwk Y Kv m i D Ïk ej Z cvi eb I cöz vkv wba viy Ki Z cvi eb - cöwk Y Kvm myôzfv e cwipvjbvi Rb bxwzgvjv wba viy Ki eb - AskMÖnYKvix `i cöwk Y-c~e aviyv mbv³ Kiv hv e mgq 2 NÈv DcKiY nvqvbu evw, cv vi ccvi, gvk vi cb c wz cö kœvëi, gy³ Av jvpbv, Rvovq KvR cöwµqv avc 1: f~wgkv I D Øvabx cöwk Y Kv m i ïi Z cöwk Yi cuf wg m ú K msw ß e³e w`b cökí ev evqbkvix ms v ev `vzv ms vi c _ K mkj AskMÖnYKvix `i ^vmz I ï f Qv Rvbvb mk ji g a dvbj, Kjgmn cö qvrbxq DcKiY weziy Ki b Avgwš Z AwZw_ `i (hw` _v K) Avmb MÖnY Ki Z ejyb Ges AskMÖnYKvix `i mv _ cwipq Kwi q w`b AwZw_ I AskMÖnYKvix `i ^vmz Rvwb q ï f Qv e³e w`b wba vwiz AwZw_ `i g a _ K e³e ivl Z Aby iva Ki b Ges cöwk Y Kv m i D Øvab NvlYv Ki Z ejyyb Avgwš Z AwZw_ bv _vk j ms vi Kg KZ v A_ev wb R ï f Qv e³e w` q cöwk Y Kv m i D Øvab NvlYv Ki b Ges mevb K ab ev` Rvwb q G ce kl Ki b 14 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

17 avc 2: cwiwpwz cwiwpz GKwU Qov/Mvb mg ezfv e K i GKwU mnr cwi ek ˆZwi Ki b AskMÖnYKvix `i RywU evua Z mn hvwmzv Ki b Ges wb RI GKR bi mv _ RywU euvayb mkj K cvóvi ccvi, gvk vi weziy Ki b 5 wgwbu mgq w`b G mgq Zviv eüzi bvg, eüzi cq `-AcQ `, cöwk Y _ K eüzi cöz vkv I cöwk Y PjvKvjxb bxwzgvjv GKRb AciR bi KvQ _ K R b b eb Ges cvóvi ccv i wjl eb wba vwiz mgq c i GKwU K i RywU Avm e I cvóvi ccv i wjwlz welq Dc vc bi gva g ch vqµ g G K A b i cwipq ` e cwipq k l AskMÖnYKvix `i ejyb h, cöwk Y PjvKv j Ges ciez x Z Avgiv G K A b i mv _ Z_, aviyv I AwfÁZv wewbg qi gva g GKxf~Z wk v m ú K Avgv `i Ávb I ` Zv K AwaKZi mg Kie mrb `ikvi mk ji mwµq AskMÖnY, cvi úwik mn hvwmzv I mngwg Zv avc 3: cöwk Yi D Ïk cöwk Yi wk ivbvg, D Ïk AskMÖnYKvix `i Rvbvb AskMÖnYKvix `i ejyb, h Kvb KvR ïi Kivi Av M H Kv Ri gva g Avgiv wk dj c Z PvB Zv Av M _ K wba viy K i wb j KvRwU mwvkfv e mgvavb Ki Z myweav nq cöwk Yi D Ïk wjwlz cv viwu mk ji mvg b ev W Szwj q w`b mk ji D Ï k ejyb, cöwk Yi g~j Kvh µg ïi Kivi Av M R b bb, w`be vcx GB cöwk Yi ga w` q Avgiv wk wk D Ïk AR b Ki Z PvB cv v i wjwlz D Ïk jv GKwU GKwU K i AskMÖnYKvix `i w` q úófv e cvv Kivb GKwU D Ïk cvv n j mnvqk Zv e vl v K i eyws q ` eb w`be vcx wewfbœ Awa ek b ^Ztù~Z I mwµq AskMÖnY K i cöwk Yi D Ïk K mdj K i Zzj Z AskMÖnYKvix `i cöwz Aby iva Rvbvb avc 4: cöwk Y bxwzgvjv AskMÖnYKvix `i D Ïk ejyb h, hw` Kvb ` ji m`m MY mn hvmx g bvfve m úbœ bv nq Zvn j h Kvb Kv Ri j AR b Kiv KwVb n e, d j Kv Ri mdjzv Avm e bv Kv RB cöwk YwU mdjfv e kl Kivi Rb wkqy wbqg- Kvbyb g b Pj Z n e wbqg Kvbyb jv wk n Z cv i? cö Z K K wpš v Kivi mgq w`b GK GK K i AskMÖnYKvix `i wbku _ K wbqg jv ïbyb cv vi ccv i AskMÖnYKvix `i civgk G K G K wj L wbb cv vi ccv i h mkj bxwzgvjv wjlv n q Q mnvqkmn cö Z K GB bxwzgvjv g b Pj e cv viwu `qv ji GK cv k jvwm q w`b g b Kwi q w`b cöwk Y fvjfv e Kvh Ki Kivi ^v _ Kvm PjvKvjxb mg q GB wjwlz bxwzgvjv Lye i Z c~y Avgiv `jxqfv e Avb `i GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 15

18 mv _ KvR Kie AskMÖnYKvix `i ejyb, GUv Lye i Z c~y h mevb mevi gzvgz, aviyv G K A b i mv _ wewbgq Ki e Ges mk ji gzvgz K kª v Kiv n e avc 5: cöwk Y cöz vkv AskMÖnYKvix `i wr Ám Ki b Zviv GB cöwk Y _ K wk wk Rvb Z I eys Z Pvq cö Z K AskMÖnYKvix K Zvi cöz vkv wk GUv ejvi my hvm w`b Ges mk ji AskMÖnY wbwðz Ki b (GB c e Kvb gš e Qvov Zv `i cöz vkv ej Z/e ³ Ki Z w`b) Zv `i cöz vkv jv cv vi ccv i wjlyb A_ev wfc KvW w`b cvup wgwbu mgq w`b Ges wfc KvW jlvi wbqg e j w`b mkj AskMÖnYKvix K gvk vi A_ev wmm bpvi cb w`b Ges wjl Z DrmvwnZ Ki b, jlv k l mevi KvW wfc ev W Uvwb q w`b Gevi AskMÖnYKvix `i g a _ K GKRb K c o kvbv Z ejyb ( bvu: AskMÖnYKvix `i cöz vkvi mv _ mnvqk wkqy bzzb cöz vkv mshy³ Ki Z cvi eb hw` wk bv Zv cöwk Y cwikíbvq _ K _v K) wfc KvW / cv vi ccviwu `qv j AvU K ivlyb mk ji D Ï k ejyb, cöwk Y k l Avgiv `L ev mevi mwµq AskMÖn Yi gva g Avgiv GB cöz vkv jv KZUzKz c~iy Ki Z c iwq avc 6: cövk-g~j vqb AskMÖnYKvix `i cö Z K K GKwU K i cövk-g~j vqb kxu w`b mgq w`b 30 wgwbu Zv `i K ejyb GUv Kvb cix v bq cöwk Yi welq jv m ú K Avcbv `i KZUzKz aviyv Av Q muv RvbvB G Awa ek bi g~j D Ïk mgq kl n j kxu jv msmön Ki b Ges ^ZtùzZ AskMÖnY I mn hvwmzvi Rb mevb K ab ev` Rvwb q Awa ek bi mgvwß NvlYv Ki b we.`ª. cwipq c e bzzbz Avbvi Rb mnvqk KŠkj cwiez b Ki Z cv ib 16 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

19

20 Awa ekb 1: AwaKviwfwËK A v cövp D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - AwaKviwfwËK I Pvwn`vwfwËK A v cövp m ú K ej Z cvi eb - AwaKviwfwËK A v cöv Pi 5wU g~j welq m ú K ej Z cvi eb - AwaKviwfwËK I Pvwn`vwfwËK A v cöv Pi cv_ K e vl v Ki Z cvi eb mgq 40 wgwbu DcKiY cvóvi ccvi, Mvg, KuvwP, ˆZwi -vbw c wz `jxq KvR, -vbw Dc vcbv, Av jvpbv cöwµqv AskMÖnYKvix `i ejyb AwaKvi I Pvwn`v ej Z Zviv Kx ev Sb AwaKvi I Pvwn`vwfwËK A v cövp ej Z Zviv wk Ÿv Sb? welqwu wb q eo ` j Av jvpbv Ki b Gici AskMÖnYKvix `i 4wU ` j fvm Ki b Ges AwaKvi I Pvwn`vi Qwe msewjz ccvi cö`vb Ki b 4wU ` j Zv `i KvR cwi vifv e eyws q w`b (AwaKvi I Pvwn`vi Qwe msewjz ccvi _ K AwaKvi I Pvwn`v Ku U Avjv`v K i cv vi ccv i jvmv Z ejyb) Gici 4wU ` ji KvR `qv j jvwm q w`b Ges cöwzwu `j Ab ` ji KvR ch e Y Ki e I wdwe vk cö`vb Ki e `jxq Kv R Kvb A úózv _vk j Zv cwi vi Ki b, Ges AskMÖnYKvixMY AwaKvi I Pvwn`v fvjfv e eys Z cvi jv wk-bv hvpvb Ki b Gici AwaKviwfwËK I Pvwn`vwfwËK A v cövp eo ` j Av jvpbv Ki b welqwui Ici ˆZwiK Z -vbwmg~n cö`k b Ki b Ges Av jvpbv Ki b mevb K ab ev` Rvwb q Awa ekb kl Ki b 18 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

21 mnvqk Z_ Pvwn`v cö qvrb/pvwn`v/`ikvi Gme k ãi gva g gvby li Rxe b we kl cwiw wz Z Kvb bv Kvbfv e Abyf~Z Kvb e ev mevi Afve eva K evsvq hgb: Kw úduvi, Mvwo, cq `gz evwo AwaKvi Kvb AvBb, wewa, cö_v, mgvr, msmvb ev KZ c KZ K ^xk Z Aby gvw`z h myweav fvm Kiv hvq ZvB AwaKvi AwaKvi nj mb gzv wksev myweav hv KD AvBbMZfv e `vwe Ki Z cv i ev bxwzmzfv e Zv `i cövc hgb: cywóki Lvevi, wk v, wpwkrmv, we bv`b, mkj ai Yi wbh vzb _ K i v AwaKviwfwËK A v cövp AwaKviwfwËK A v cövp nj gvbe Dbœq bi cöwµqv I KŠkj, hv Avš R vwzk gvbevwakv ii Ici wfwë K i iwpz Ges gvbevwakvi i vq mnvqzv K i AwaKviwfwËK A v cövp I Pvwn`vwfwËK A v cöv Pi wfbœzv - Pvwn`v K mnvqzv ev Kj v bi Ici wfwë K i e vl v Kiv hvq wkš AwaKvi AvBbMZ eva evakzv I `vwqz eva K evsvq - Pvwn`vwfwËK cöwµqv cövwš K Rb Mvôxi m ú` fvm Kivi Rb evowz m ú `i wbivcëvi K_v e j, mlv b AwaKviwfwËK KŠkj m ú~y AvBbMZ we epbvq Kiv nq KviY mme m ú `i Ici Zv `i AwaKvi Av Q - AwaKviwfwËK A v cövp `vwqz ev ai K_v e j Ges `vwqz cvjbkvix K mb Abyhvqx Revew`wnZv K i AwaKviwfwËK A v cövp Rvbvi Rb 5wU g~j welq 1. AwaKvi I Dbœqb - iv óªi mkj Dbœq b gvbevwakvi K mshy³ Kiv - gvbevwakv ii me jv welq, hgb: Av`k, ci úi wbf ikxjzv I cvi úwik m úk hy³ me welq me Î fvjfv e mevi Kv Q Dc vcb Ki Z n e, hgb: mvgvwrk, mvs wzk, A_ bwzk, ivr bwzk, mykxj mgvr - iv óªi mkj ch v q gvbevwakv ii ev evqb wbwðz Ki Z n e, hgb: ^v, wk v, AeKvVv gv, e emv, AvBb I cökvmb Ges ivr bwzk AskMÖnY - RbcÖwZwbwai `vwqz iv óªi Kg Pvix `i gvbevwakv ii wel q gzvqb Kiv 2. Revew`wnZv - cwikíbv cö vebv, ev RU I wewfbœ Kg m~wpi Î gvbevwakvi K mgybœz ivl Z mk ji AskMÖnY I Revew`wnZv wbwðz Ki Z n e - mswk-ó Kg KZ v `i BwZevPK `vwqz eva - mevi Rb wk vmn Ab vb AwaKvi ev evq bi Rb mikvwi- emikvwi ms vi Kg KZ v-kg Pvix `i `vwqz ev ai hme welq Av Q Zvi me jvi me kl Ae v m ú K AeMZ Kiv hv Z Revew`wnZv ˆZwi nq - Revew`wnZv ˆZwi Rb Kvh Ki AvBb, bxwz, cöwzôvb, cökvmb, Kvh µg cwipvjbvi bxwz I KŠkj BZ vw`i Dbœqb Kiv GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 19

22 3. gzvqb - bxwzgvjv I Kvh µ gi wfwë n e gzvqb Gi A_ nj e w³i gzv Av Q, ` Zv Av Q hv Z_ Av`vb-cÖ`vb I wk vi gva g Dbœqb Kiv hvq - AwaKvi`vZv I AwaKviMÖnxZvi g a gvbevwakv ii welqwu iw Z n e Gi A_ nj mikvi, cvewjk cöwzwbwa, iv óªi Kg Pvix I mev cö`vbkvix Ab vb cöwzôv bi g a cvi úwik m úk _vk Z n e 4. AskMÖnY - KwgDwbwU, mykxj mgvr, msl vjny m úª`vq, bvix, wkïmn mevi Rb Kvh Ki, gy³ I A_ c~y AskMÖn Yi wbðqzv cö`vb Ki Z n e - RvZxq I AvÂwjK ch v qi me Kvh µ g cöwzôv bi mevi AskMÖn Yi wbðqzv cö`vb Ki Z n e Ges Gi Z_ ^ Q I mwvkfv e h_vmg q Dc vwcz n Z n e 5. c cvznxbzv - mgv Ri myweavewâz gvby li Rb c cvznxb bxwz ˆZwi Ki Z n e Ges RvZxq I AvÂwjK ch vq _ K myweavewâz `i wpwýz Ki Z n e - ag -ey, Avw`evmx, fvlv, wj½ (bvix-cyi l), Awfevmx, abx-`wi`ª, eqm ev Ab vb h Kvb Î gvbevwakvi i v wbðz Ki Z n e KvbiKg ˆelg _vk e bv AwaKviwfwËK A v cöv Pi Ab vb welq - AwaKv ii Ici wfwë K i bxwz, AvBb, Kvh µg Ges ev RU cöyqb Ki Z n e mkj Î AwaKvi i v Ki Z n e Ges G wel q mkj K m PZb Ki Z n e - wm vš cöyqbkvix `i m ½ buiqvwk s Ki Z n e hv Z Zviv gvbevwakvi i v K i - gvbevwakvi m ú K m PZbZv evov Z n e - wbh vzb I mwnsmzv e Ü mw wjzfv e KvR Ki Z n e - mikv ii bxwz I Kv Ri cö qv Mi Î gwbuwis _vk Z n e - AwaKvi wb q KvR K i Ggb me cöwzôv bi mv _ hvmv hvm ivlv hv Z gvbevwakv ii welq jv K fvjfv e GwM q bqv hvq Pvwn`vwfwËK A v cövp GB KŠk j gvby li Acwinvh gšwjk Pvwn`v c~i Y cö Póv biqv n ji Zvi gh v`vi welqwu we ewpz nq bv - gvby li Kj v Yi K_v e j Ges Zv `i gšwjk Pvwn`vi wfwë Z h_vm e Dbœq bi K_v e j - GKK ev Mvôx Kw `ªK Dbœqb mvwaz nq - RÛvi mgzv/mvg, cöwzeüx I Ab vb `i wew Qbœfv e Pvwn`v cyiy K i - GB KŠkj e w³i Rb my hvm m wói cö Póv wn m e M nxz nq 20 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

23 Awa ekb 2: GKxf~Z wk v I GKxf~Z Dbœqb D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - GKxf~Z wk v I GKxf~Z Dbœqb m ú K ej Z cvi eb - GKxf~Z wk v I Dbœq bi ga Kvi m úk wbiƒcy Ki Z cvi eb mgq 40 wgwbu DcKiY ˆZwi -vbw, wd c PvU, gvk vi c wz cö kœvëi, Av jvpbv, -vbw cö`k b cöwµqv AskMÖnYKvix `i mv _ ï f Qv wewbgq Ki b D j-wlz Awa ek bi D Ïk m ú K aviyv cö`vb Ki b GKxf~Z wk v I GKxf~Z Dbœqb m ú K aviyv hvpvb Kivi Rb wb œwjwlz welqmg~n AskMÖnYKvix `i Kv Q Rvb Z Pvb: - GKxf~Z wk v ej Z Avgiv Kx eyws? - GKxf~Z Dbœqb Kx? AskMÖnYKvix `i wbku _ K cövß DËimg~n wd c Pv U wjwce Ki b cövß Z _ i mv _ Avcbvi Av jvpbv ms hvrb Ki b AskMÖnYKvix `i c~e aviyv I g~j Av jvpbvi mv _ cv_ K mg~n KŠk j (AskMÖnYKvix `i DËimg~ ni mv _ wez K bv wm q eis Zv `i K welqwu ^ Qfv e evsv bvi Póv Ki b) Dc vcb Ki b Dc vcb k l AskMÖnYKvix `i aviyv AviI ^ Q Kivi Rb -vbw Dc vcb K i c~e ez x welqmg~n cybivq Av jvpbv Ki b GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 21

24 mnvqk Z_ GKxf~Z wk v GKxf~Z wk v K_vwU Aš fy ³KiY _ K G m Q eq ii ci eqi ÔGKxf~ZKiYÕ K_vwU ÔcÖwZeÜx wkï `iõ wk vq Aš fy w³ K evsvz wkš GKxf~Z wk v ej Z hv evsvq- GKxf~Z wk v GKwU `k b, Abykxjb Ges GKwU ÔcÖwµqvÕ hvi gva g mkj wk v_ x K (we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkï, `wi`ª cwiev ii wkï, `wjz, wenvwi, Avw`evmx Ges S i covi SuywK Z i q Q Ggb mkj wkï) Aš fy ³ K i Ges cöwzwu wkïi we kl Pvwn`vi cöwz i Z v ivc Kivi gva g, ch vß mn hvwmzvi wfwë Z mkj wkïi GK Î wk v MÖnY Kivi AwaKvi K mgybœz K i - GKxf~Z wk vi cöavb D Ïk nj GKxf~Z mgvr MVb Kiv; hlv b mkj gvbyl mgv Ri Dbœqbg~jK Kv R AskMÖnY Ki Z cvi e - mkj wkï K wk vq Aš fy ³ bv Ki j GKxfzZ wk v ev evqb m e bq Ges GKxf~Z wk v ev evqb bv n j 2015 mv ji g a GgwWwR (MDG) AR b Kiv I GKxf~Z Dbœqb m e n e bv BbK zwmf W fjc g U - cöwzewüzv I `vwi `ª i g a g~j m úk mbv³kiy Ges `vwi`ª `~ixki Y cöwzeüx e w³ `i AwaKvimg~n wbwðz Kiv - Dbœq bi mv _ mkj K Aš fy ³ Ki Z n e, we kl K i cövwš K Rb Mvôx, cöwzeüx, `wjz, wenvwi, bvix I wkï, msl vjnymn Ab vb Amnvq Rb Mvôx - AwaKviwfwËK A v cövp gv_vq i L Dbœqbg~jK Kg KvÊ nv Z biqv DwPZ we kl K i cöwzeüx `i wb q KvR Ki Z M j Aek B Avš R vwzk gvbevwakvi NvlYvmg~ ni cöwz j ivl Z n e - UzBb-Uª vk-a v cövp we epbv Ki b: 1. Dbœq bi g~j mªvzavivq cöwzeüx e w³ `i K m ú ³ Ki b; 2. cöwzeüx e w³ `i ^vej ^x Kivi Rb mywbw` ó D ` vm Ges mevg~jk Kvh µg MÖnY Ki b - m ú~y cö ekmg Zv wbwðz Ki b, ïay fšz AeKvVv gvq bq; hvmv hvm, ` wófw½ Z cwiez b Avb Z n e, hv Z cöwzeüx I Ab vb cövwš K Rb Mvôx AskMÖnY Ki Z cv i cöwzeüx e w³em PvKywi I Ab vb mev MÖnYmn me Î hv Z mgvb my hvm cvq - Dbœqbg~jK mkj Kv Ri cwikíbv, ev evqb Ges gwbuwis i cöwzeüx I Ab vb cövwš K Rb Mvôxi Kvh Ki AskMÖnY wbwðz Ki Z n e - cöwzeüx I cövwš K Rb Mvôxi Rxebgvb Dbœq bi cöwz bri w` Z n e 22 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

25 GKxf~Z wk v I GKxf~Z mgvr GKxf~Z Dbœqb GKxf~Z mgvr wfbœ wfbœ gzv`k I ˆelg cöwz iva, mevi mwµq AskMÖnY, m ú `i mylg I UKmB eèb, mvgvwrk b vq wepvi, kvwš cöwzôv HwZn evnx ms wz I vbxq Áv bi g~j v ivc mevi Rb gh v`vc~y I b vqm½z RxweKv my cq cvwb I cwi Qbœ m vwb Ukb mevi Rb my ^v GKxf~Z mgvr I GKxf~Z wk v Rxebfi GKxf~Z wklb: cövk-ˆkke _ K cövßeq GKxf~Z DcvbyôvwbK, AbvbyôvwbK Ges Ab vb Rjv wi mvm `j I m Uvi AwffveK, cwievi, mgv Ri m ú ³Zv Bkviv fvlv MÖ c, mv izv MÖ c, eªbj m Uvi wmweavi Ges KwgDwbwU cövmövg wkl bi Rb GKxf~Z zj, wkï/wk v_ xevüe cwi ek, mkj Rb Mvôxi cöwz g~j v ivc, ˆewP Î i cöwz m vb cö`k b, cwievi I KwgDwbwUi m ú ³Zv, mwµq wk K/e e vck, mgv Ri mkj gvby li m ú ³Zv GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 23

26 Awa ekb 3: wkï wekv ki aviyv I i Z D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - wkkyi wekvk ej Z wk evsvq Zv ej Z I wpwýz Ki Z cvi eb - wkkyi wekv ki i Z ej Z cvi eb - wkïi µgwekvk m ú K ej Z cvi eb mgq 40 wgwbu DcKiY wfc KvW, wmm bpvi cb, ˆZwiK Z -vbw/wjwlz cv vi ccvi c wz cö kœvëi, gy³ Av jvpbv, Rvovq KvR, -vbw Dc vcb cöwµqv AskMÖnYKvix `i ï f Qv Rvwb q Awa ekb ïi Ki b Zv `i K Awa ek bi wk ivbvg I D Ïk Rvbvb Gevi AskMÖnYKvix `i Rvov euva Z mn hvwmzv Ki b cöwz Rvov K GKwU/`yBwU K i wfc KvW w`b mkj Rvovi Kv Q µgvš^ q ev av c av c Rvb Z Pvb: - wkkyi wekvk/dbœqb ej Z wk evsvq? - wkïi µgwekvk ej Z wk evsvq? - wkkyi wekvk/dbœqb Kb GZ i Z c~y? cvup wgwbu mgq w`b Rvovq Rvovq Av jvpbv K i wfc Kv W AskMÖnYKvix `i gzvgz jv wj L dj Z ejyb Gevi mk ji gzvgz jv ïbyb, mk ji gzvgz jv ev W wjlyb Zv `i gzvgz Av jvpbv Ki b Gici -vbw cö`k b Ki b Ges mnvqk Z_ _ K Dc iv³ welq jv wb q we vwiz Av jvpbv Ki b Av jvpbv k l Awa ek bi mvivsk Ki b Ges mkj K ab ev` w` q mgvwß NvlYv Ki b 24 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

27 mnvqk Z_ wkïi wekvk wkïi µgwekvk wkïi wekv ki aib e w cwiez b hvmv hvm wklb wb R wb R wkqz Kivi Póv mvgvwrk f~wgkv bq kvixwik wekvk mvgvwrk wekvk Av ewmk wekvk eyw e Ëxq wekvk fvlvmz ` Zvi wekvk ˆbwZKZvi wekvk wkïi wekv ki Dcv`vb - R MZ - cwi ekmz wkïi wekvk/dbœqb wk wkï wekv ki Rb Zvi cövk-ˆkke n Q me P q i Z c~y mgq Rxe bi mdjzvi Rb GKw` K hgb: cö qvrb my, mej kixi, Zgwb cö qvrb eyw `xß my gvbwmkzv kixi I gb w` q wkïi mvgwmök MVb kix ii nq e w Avi g bi nq wekvk kix ii e w ej Z wewfbœ A ½i cwiez b I AvKv i eo niqv K evsvq Avi g bi ev gvbwmk wekvk ej Z wkïi eyw e wëi, fvlv, mvgvwrk I Av emxq wekvk Ges ˆbwZKZvi wekvk KB evsvq gvz M f _vkvkvjxb Ae v _ KB wkï wekv ki cöwµqv ïi nq Ges Zv Zvi mviv Rxeb a i Pj Z _v K mv úöwzk ˆeÁvwbK M elyvq `Lv hvq h, wkïi kvixwik wekv ki gz gvbwmk wekv ki ÎI me P q i Z c~y mgq n Q Zvi Rxe bi cö_g eqi jv KviY GB mg q Zvi eyw gëv, e w³z, ˆbwZKZv I mvgvwrk AvPi Yi wfwë M o I V GKwU eyw `xß Ges gbbkxj RvwZ MV bi Rb Gi gvbem ú `i Dbœqb me P q Ri wi gvbem ú` Dbœqb Qvov Kvb `k DbœZ n Z cv i bv wkïi cwic~y wekv ki gva gb Avgiv Avgv `i RvwZ K DbœZ gvbem ú ` cwiyz Ki Z cvwi wkïi cöviw K wekvk wkï `i mviv Rxe bi wk vi wfz ˆZwi Z mnvqzv K i, wklb-cöwµqvi mv _ RwoZ wewfbœ ` Zvi wekvk NUvq, klvi cöwz wkïi BwZevPK g bvfve M o Zv j, wkïi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx klvi my hvm `q mev cwi wkïi mvgwmök wekv k mnvqzv K i GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 25

28 wkïi cöviw K wekvk ej Z, Mfv e v _ K 6/7 eqi eq mi g a wkïi kix ii A ½i e envi, fvlv, wpš v- PZbv, Av em-abyf~wzi mywbqwš Z cökvk I fv ei Av`vb-cÖ`v bi Î µgkt ` Zv AR b K evsvq GB mg q wkïi cwic~y wekv ki wfwë ˆZwi nq Kv RB G mgqwu wkï wekv ki Rb LyeB i Z c~y Ges GB mg qi g a B wkïi cwic~y wekv ki Rb Avgv `i cö qvrbxq c` c wb Z n e wkïi wekvk Rvbvi cö qvrbxqzv Kb - gw wekv ki Rb cöviw K kke n Q mepvb Z Zvrch c~y mgq - gw ev kvixwik Kvb mgm v hz `ª Z aiv hvq ZZ `ª Z muv K mviv bv ev g v br Kiv hvq - wkïi cöviw K hzœ I wekvk Kvh µg wkïi mviv Rxeb I wk vi wfz M o `q - M elyvq `Lv M Q, cövk-ˆkkekvjxb hzœ cviqv wkï Ges bv cviqv wkï `i g a, hviv cövk-ˆkkekvjxb hzœ c q Q Zv `i Rxe b mvdj ewk - wkï K cöv_wgk we` vj q fwz i Rb cö Z K i Zvjv, cöv_wgk we` vj q S i covi nvi Kgv bv Ges cöv_wgk we` vjq mgvß Kivi nvi e w i Rb I cövk-ˆkke Ae`vb ivl Z cv i - cövk-ˆkke/bwmwmww GWy Kkb di Aj Gi j AR bi Rb Ae`vb ivl Z cv i we kl K i cöv_wgk we` vj qi cö_g eq i wkï `i D j-l hvm ` Zv Dbœq bi Î wkï I AwaKvi ej Z evsvq Avš R vwzkfv e wkï ej Z evsvq- Avš RvwZKfv e 18 eq ii bx P mkj gvbe mš vb ev gvbylb n Q wkï Kbbv GB mg qi g a gvbe mš v bi/gvby li kixi Ges gb mwvk I cwic~y fv e e o D V bv ev wekvk cwic~y nq bv GB mg q wkïiv SuywK wb Z cq ` K i Ges LyeB KŠZznjx nq AwaKvi ej Z evsvq mgv R kvixwik I gvbwmkfv e my Ae vq e Pu _vkv I mwvkfv e e o IVvi Rb cö qvrbxq my hvm cviqv KB AwaKvi evsvq AwaKvi mevi mgvb Ab fv e ejv hvq GKwU wkïi my fv e e Pu _vkv I mwvkfv e e o IVvi Rb hv wkqz cö qvrb Zv cviqvb n Q wkïi AwaKvi Kv K wkï ej ev? 18 eq ii bx P mkj gvbemš vb K wkï ejv nq Avwg K? 26 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

29 Awa ekb 4: wkïi µgwekvk D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - wkïi µgwekvk m ú K ej Z cvi eb - wkïi wekv ki Î jv wpwýz Ki Z cvi eb mgq 1 NÈv DcKiY evw, gvk vi, cv vi ccvi, wmm bpvi cb, ˆZwiK Z -vbw ev wjwlz cv vi ccvi, ej c wz eªbb wg s, `jxq KvR, Kb mbwuªk mv K j, gy³ Av jvpbv cöwµqv AskMÖnYKvix `i ï f Qv Rvwb q Awa ekb ïi Ki b mevi mv _ Av jvpbv K i cöwk Yi bvgwu ev W wjlyb Kvb GKwU Ljvi gva g AskMÖnYKvix `i PviwU ` j fvm n Z mvnvh Ki b mevb K QvU ` j ewm q w`b cöwzwu `j wkï `i wewfbœ ` Zv Av jvpbv K i ei Ki e 1g `j 0-12 gvm eqmx wkï `i wewfbœ ` Zv Av jvpbv K i ei Ki e, 2q `j ei Ki e 1-2 eqi eqmx wkï `i ` Zv, 3q `j ei Ki e 3-4 eqi eqmx wkï `i ` Zv Ges 4_ `j ei Ki e 5-6 eqi eqmx wkï `i ` Zv Av jvpbv I cv vi ccv i jlvi Rb 25/30 wgwbu mgq w`b cö qvr b ` j wm q mn hvwmzv Ki b wba vwiz mgq ci Pvi ` ji AskMÖnYKvix `i gy LvgywL n q jvbb K i `uvov Z mvnvh Ki b Avcwb h Kvb GKwU wekv ki Î D j-l Ki b, hgb: kvixwik wekvk Gevi 1g `j 0-12 gv mi wkï `i kvixwik wekv ki GKwU ` Zv D j-l Ki e, mv _ mv _ 2q `j 1-2 eqi eqmx wkï `i GKwU ` Zv D j-l Ki e, 3q `j 3-4 eqi eqmx wkï `i GKwU ` Zv D j-l Ki e Ges 4_ `j 5-6 eqi eqmx wkï `i GKwU ` Zv D j-l Ki e Gfv e wkqy Y Pjvi ci Av ikwu wekv ki Î D j-l Ki b, hgb: mvgvwrk wekvk Gevi wzb `j mvgvwrk wekv ki wewfbœ ` Zv D j-l Ki e Gfv e me jv Î, hgb: kvixwik wekvk, mvgvwrk wekvk, fvlvi wekvk, eyw i wekvk, gvbwmk I Av ewmk wekvk cöwzwu Î wb qb Av jvpbv n e wekv ki wewfbœ ÎwfwËK Av jvpbv n q hvevi ci mnvqk Z _ i welq jv G m Q wk bv j ivlyb Ges welq jv wb q we vwiz Av jvpbv Ki b cö qvr b cviqvi c q Ui gva g ev cv vi ccv i wj L Dc vcb Ki b Av jvpbv k l Awa ek bi mvivsk Ki b Ges mkj K ab ev` w` q Awa ek bi mgvwß NvlYv Ki b GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 27

30 mnvqk Z_ wkïi ^vfvwek e w IRb - R b i mgq GKwU wkïi ^vfvwek Mo IRb _v K 3 _ K 3.5 KwR - 6 gvm eq m wkïi IRb R b i IR bi wø Y nq A_ vr 6 _ K 7 KwR - 12 gvm eq m wkïi IRb R b i IR bi wzb Y nq A_ vr 9 _ K 10.5 KwR - Gici cöwz eqi 2 _ K 2.5 KwR e w cvq D PZv - R b i mgq GKwU ^vfvwek wkïi Mo D PZv _v K 50 m.wg. ev 20 Bw - 1 ermi eq m R š i D PZvi 50% e w cvq A_ vr 50+25=75 wm.wg. - 2 ermi eq m R š i D PZvi AviI 25% e w cvq A_ vr =87.5 m.wg. - Zvici cöwz eqi 5 _ K 7 m.wg. e w cvq IRb Kgvi KviYmg~n 1. hw` cö qvr bi Zzjbvq wkï Kg Lvq (cwigv Y Ges YMZ gv b) Zvn j: - Acywó Z wkïi Ai wp nq ZvB LvIqv eü K i `q - cö qvrbxq Lvev ii Afv e kvixwik e w e vnz nq, hgb: nv oi e w, gvsm cwki e w, Z Ki bx P Pwe RvZxq Kv li e w BZ vw` - Acywói m ½ we` gvb Ab vb AmyL-wemy Li Rb I wkï LvIqv eü K i `q, hgb: gy L e _vhy³ Nv, Mjve _v, R i, Kvwk, wbd gvwbqv, Wvqwiqv BZ vw` 2. hw` wkï Kg Lvevi cvq: - gv qi Amy Zv ev cywónxbzvi Kvi Y, Afv ei Kvi Y 3. wkï hv Lvq hw` Zvi _ K ewk kixi _ K ewi q hvq: - ewg, K wg Ges Wvqwiqvi Kvi Y Acywó Z Avµvš wkï `i kvixwik Amyweavmg~n - wkïi IRb I D PZv Kg _v K - wkï ïwk q hvq - nv oi e w K g hvq - Z Ki bx P Pwe K g hvq - Z K KzuP K hvq - ey Ki cvuri, gi `Ê I nvz-cv qi nvo cöku n q I V - kixi A bkuv K¼v ji gz `Lvq - KLbI KLbI cv q ev ` ni Ab vb v b cvwb Avm Z cv i - gv_vq Pzj cvzjv I ev`vwg n q hvq 28 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

31 - Z K Nv qi m wó n Z cv i - Pnviv e gvby li gz n Z cv i Avevi Puv `i gz MvjI n Z cv i - Ab vb AmyL niqvi m vebv A bk e o hvq, hgb: Wvqwiqv, ey K VvÊv jvmv, gy L Nv BZ vw` - ivm cöwz iva gzv K g hvq MÖv_ gwbuwis - MÖv_ ev e w i A_ nj eq mi mv _ mv _ wkïi IRb I D PZv evov Avi gwbuwis A_ mb IRb I D PZv wbqwgz GKwU wbw` ó mg qi e eav b cwigvc K i `Lv - wkïi IRb wbqwgz cwigvc Kiv, wkïi ^v Kv W i Q K mb IRb wj L ivlv Ges gv m gv m mb IR bi cwiez b `Lv Ges mb Abyhvqx h_vh_ e e v bqv K MÖv_ gwbuwis e j - MÖv_ gwbuwis qi ejvq ïay IR bi ciez b n jb Pj e bv, Zv eq mi mv _ mv _ eyw i wekvkmn Ab vb wekvki h_vh_fv e n Z n e we kl Ái Kv Q KLb hve wkïi ^vfvwek e w I wekvk hw` h_vh_fv e bv nq Zvn j we kl Ái Kv Q h Z n e hz `ª Z mbv³ Kiv hv e ZZ `ª Z we kl Ái Kv Q bqv hv e Gi d j wkïwu gww Kj I mvgvwrk mnvqzv `ª Z cv e Ges ^vfvwek n Z _vk e Kv RB gv-evevmn wkïi hzœkvix `i cöavb KvRB nj wkïwui ^vfvwek e w I wekvk wvkgz ev h_vh_fv e n Q wk bv mw` K i Z i mv _ j ivlv 0-6 eqi eqmx wkï `i wekvkmz wewfbœ avc Î 0-12 gvm 1-2 eqi 3-4 eqi 5-6 eqi kvixwik wekvk - GKw`K _ K - mvaiyz 1 eqi - wmuwo w` q IVvbvgv - ej Qyuo Z, ai Z (eo cwk) Av ik w` K D ë eq m wkïiv nuvu Z Ki Z cv i Ges jvw_ w` Z hvq ïi K i - ej Qzo Z Ges cv i mvaviy - nvgv wo `q - 2 eq i nuvuv jvw_ w` Z cv i - GK cv q jvd kvixwik - wb R wb R em Z mgwš^z I wbqwš Z - GK cv q jvd w` Z cv i ` Zv, hgb: cv i (cö_ g wkqzi nq `qvi Póv K i - mvg b Ges wcq b nuvuv, `Šov bv mnvqzvq c i wb R - Kvb wkqz Qvov, - wb R wb R cvlvk jvd w` Z cv i BZ vw` wb R) wkqz Z jvw_ `qv ci Z cv i - wkqz a i I V ZZUv wbqwš Z bq, `uvovq wkš G eqm _ KB - Rv i Rv i kã GUv wbqwš Z n Z n j Nvo wdwi q ïi K i ZvKvq GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 29

32 Î 0-12 gvm 1-2 eqi 3-4 eqi 5-6 eqi kvixwik wekvk - Ljbv ai Z cv i - wnwrwewr K i - wb R wb R Lvevi - mwvkfv e cwýj (m~² ckx) - e m e m Ljbv Mvj, ww ^vkvi L Z cv i ai Z cv i w` q L j Î AuvK Z ïi - nvz ay Z cv i - c~y gvby li AvK wz m~² kvixwik - SzbSzwb evwr q kã K i - QvU QvU Kvb e AuvK Z cv i ` Zv, hgb: Ki Z cv i - wb R wb R Lvevi GKUv GKUv K i - wewfbœ R vwgwzk jlv, AuvKv, - wrwbm ai Z cv i gy L Zzj Z cv i Zzj Z cv i AvK wz AuvK Z Kvb ev` hš - nvz b o we`vq - gvuvgywufv e Pbv cv i, hgb: e Ë, evrv bv Rvbvq hvq Ggb gvby li AvqZ Î, em Î BZ vw` - cyzzj I ej wb q AvK wz AuvK Z I wîf~r Ljv K i, KLbI cv i - Kvb wkqz AuvKvi KLbIev cyzzj K - ` L ` L Mvj, Î Kvb e cvkvk civ Z wzb KvYv, KZUv RvqMv b e cv i Pvi KvYv, µm m m ú K aviyv - `Lv Z ej j Gme AvK wz Ki Z cv i kix ii nvz, cv, AuvK Z cv i - RyZvi wdzv euva Z PvL, gv_v BZ vw` cv i `Lv Z cv i mvgvwrk - N ii evb i h Z - A b Ki mv _ wg j - eo `i mnvqzvq - Ab `i we kl K i wekvk cq ` K i Ljvi P q A b i ` j KvR Ki Z mgeqmx `i - Kviv cwiwpz I gz K i GKv GKv cv i mn hvwmzv K i A b i mv _ Kviv AcwiwPZ Zv Lj Z ev KvR - mgeqmx `i mv _ - mgeqmx `i mv _ RwoZ niqv eys Z cv i Ki Z cq ` K i mn hvwmzvg~jk mn hvwmzvg~jk - mgeqmx `i P q Ljv K i Ljv Lj Z cv i wb Ri cöwz - ^vaxbfv e KvR I K i g bv hvm ewk Kivi cöeyzv ˆZwi - wbr ^ D ` v M KvR _v K nq Ki Z `Lv hvq - mngwg Zvi j Y - cvi úwik Av`vb `Lv `q Ab K cö`v bi gva g mvnvh Ki Z ïi eüzz M o I V K i 30 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

33 Î 0-12 gvm 1-2 eqi 3-4 eqi 5-6 eqi Av emxq - agk w` j Kvbœv - mnr Abyf~wZi - mnr Abyf~wZ jv - Av em K fvlvq wekvk K i gšwjk weqq jv eys Z I wpb Z cökvk Ki Z cv i - nv Z Zzwo w` j ev cökvk Ki Z cv i cv i - wb Ri Av em K Abyf~wZ eys Z wgwó AvIqvR Ki j (nvwm, Kvbœv, ivm I - wb Ri Av em gvuvgywu wbqš Y I cökvk wdk wdk K i fq ), wkš eys Z bvbvfv e cökvk Ki Z cv i Ki Z cviv nv m cv i bv K i eyw e Ëxq - Pv Li mvg b _ K - A bk mgq a i - wk, Kb, KLb, - GKUz RwUj cvrj wekvk Kvb wrwbm ev e Kvb wkqz Z Kv_vq, Kxfv e gjv bvi ` Zv mwi q wb j LuvRvi g bv hvm w` Z BZ vw` wb q bvbv ev o hyw³ I wpš b Póv K i (5/6 cv i bv wel q cökœ K i - 4wU msl v ch š cöwµqvi gvm eq m) - Kvb e i GKUv - mnr cvrj cybive wë Ki Z wekvk ˆewk ó i cöwz gjv bvi ` Zv cv i Av jvkcvz Ki Z ev o - ` k gvb 6wU e i cv i, hgb: - 3wU msl v ch š bvg GK mv _ iy Av c ji io jvj cybive wë Ki Z ivl Z cv i A_ev Av cj cv i - GKUz RwUj aviyv Mvj - ` k gvb 4wU e i MVb Ki Z cv i bvg GK mv _ iy - wkqz A i wpb Z ivl Z cv i cv i - e i kªyxweb vm - wkqz msl v wpb Z Ki Z cv i cv i - `k ch š msl v - wb Ri Ges A b i MYbv Ki Z cv i kix ii wewfbœ A½ - kix ii `kwu A½ `Lv Z cv i wpb Z cv i - w`b, ivz, mkvj, `ycyi eys Z cv i Z e w`b, gvm eqi eys Z cv i bv GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 31

34 Î 0-12 gvm 1-2 eqi 3-4 eqi 5-6 eqi eyw e Ëxq - Kviv cwiwpz - mnr cvrj - Kg- ewk eys Z cv i - mgq eys Z cv i wekvk I Kviv gjv Z Z e MÖvg, wjuvi, wguvi - cwigvy eys Z cv i AcwiwPZ Zv cv i eys Z cv i bv - QvU QvU e vcv i wb R hyw³ I evsvi Póv - io wpb Z ïi - Kvb e i eûgylx ˆewkó wm vš wb Z cv i wpš b K i K i eys Z cv i, hgb: cöwµqvi - cwiwpz e Av c ji io jvj Ges wekvk wpb Z cv i Av cj Mvj fvlve Ëxq - gvg gvg eve - kã ej Z - bvg, eqm, wvkvbv ej Z - wb Ri AwfÁZv ey bv wekvk ev eve, BZ vw` k L cv i Ki Z cv i hvmv hv Mi ejv ïi - QvU QvU - wewfbœ e i e envi m ú K - RwUj evk e envi Ki Z gzv K i (5/6 evk ej Z ej Z cv i cv i gvm eq m) cv i (fvz - ^Ztù Z fv e K_v ej Z - wb Ri cwievi m ú K - Rv i Rv i Avb, ej `vi, cv i ej Z cv i fvlvi gvggv eveev `ya Lve) - `ywu ev K i g a ms hvrk - Mí ï b wkqzuv evwb q Mí evamg Zv kã K i - mnr Qov e envi Ki Z cv i ej Z cv i I cökv ki (10/11 gv m) gjv Z - RwUj Qov gjv Z cv i - QovMvb MvB Z cv i ` Zv cv i Q ` I my ii mgš^q Ki Z - GKmv _ A b K wg j Mvb - mnr Mvb cv i MvB Z cv i MvB Z cv i - QovMvb MvB Z cv i wkï wekv ki avcmg~n Adolescence period (14-18 yrs) Puberty ( 10/11-13/14 yrs) Late childhood (6-10/11 yrs) Early childhood (2-5 yrs) Toddler (2 weeks -2 yrs) Infancy (birth to 2 weeks) Intra-uterine (embryo and fetus) 32 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

35

36 Awa ekb 1: wkl bi Î evavmg~n/cöwzeükzv D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - wkl bi cöwzeükzvmg~n ej Z cvi eb - cöwzeükzv KZ ai bi m m ú K R b m Abyhvqx kªyxk e e v wb Z cvi eb mgq 1 N Uv DcKiY gvk vi, nvqvbu evw, wd c PvU, wfc KvW c wz cö kœvëi, RywU Z KvR cöwµqv Awa ek bi D Ïk I welq m ú K cöv_wgk aviyv cö`vb Ki b AskMÖnYKvix `i K wbæwjwlz cökœ jv wr Ám Ki b: - klvi Î cöwzeükzv wk? - cöwzeükzv KZ ai bi Ges wk wk? - cöwzeükzvmg~n Kxfv e `~i Kiv hvq? Gici cöwk Yv_ x `i K Rvov euva Z mn hvwmzv Ki b cöwz Rvov K 1wU K i wfc KvW w`b wfc Kv W wkl bi evavmg~n wjl Z ejyb Ges jlvi Rb 5-7 wgwbu mgq w`b KvR kl n j cöwz Rvov _ K GKRb Dc vcb Ki e Dc vcbvi mv _ mv _ Zv `i jlvmg~n wzbwu K v v i fvm K i (e w³ Kw `ªK, cwi ekmz I cövwzôvwbk evav) wd c Pv U wjlyb mevi Dc vcb I Avcbvi jlv k l mkj evavmg~n wb q we vwiz Av jvpbv Ki b mevb K ab ev` Rvwb q Awa ek bi mgvwß NvlYv Ki b wfc Kv W i gva gi K v vi Kiv h Z cv i GRb mkj AskMÖnYKvix K GKwU K i wfc KvW w`b Ges cöwzwu wfc Kv W GKwU K i wkl bi evav wjl Z ejyb KD G Ki AwaK wjl Z PvB j Zv K AviI wfc KvW cö`vb Ki b jlvi Rb 5-7 wgwbu mgq w`b jlv kl n j wfc Kv W i jlvmg~n wzbwu K v v i fvm K i (e w³ Kw `ªK, cwi ekmz I cövwzôvwbk evav) Dc vcb Ki b Kv iv Kvb cökœ _vk j DËi w`b Ges me k l mkj K ab ev` Rvwb q Awa ekb kl Ki b 34 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

37 mnvqk Z_ wkl b cöwzeükzv z j wkï `i A bk wkqz wkl Z nq A bk wkï Av Q hviv Lye `ª Z k L; Avevi A bk wkï ax i k L Kvb GKwU mywbw` ó wel q GKwU wkï Ab wkï `i P q fvj Ki Z cv i D`vniY ^iƒc: Kvb GKwU wkï fvj co Z cv i wkš A¼ Kivi Î `ye jzv _vk Z cv i cövqkb Avgiv eys Z cvwi bv GUv Kb N U wb æ wkqz D`vniY `qv nj: Zviv A bk eyw `xß m köyxk g bv hvm w` Z cv i bv m Zvi evevi gz GB wzbwu e vl v mz n Z cv i wkš AviI A bk e vl v Av Q hv Avcbv K we epbv Ki Z n e evwoi KvR Kivi Î Zvi evev-gv Zv K mnvqzv K i cwievi LyeB `wi`ª Ges N i ch vß Lvevi bb köyxk i cq b em j Ab vb wkï `i Zzjbvq Kg ïb Z cvq wkïi Gme cöwzeükzv `~i Ki Z n j mywbw` ó c` c MÖnY Ki Z n e h wkïiv evwoi KvR Kivi Î aximwzm úbœ, evev-gv qi DwPZ wkï `i DrmvwnZ Kiv Ges mnvqzv Kiv A_ev hlb Avcwb eys Z cvi eb GKwU wkï Kv b Kg kv b Zv K Aek B köyxk i mvg bi mvwi Z emv bvi e e v Ki Z n e wkïi mgm vmg~n K Gfv e mbv³ Ki j Zv wkï, cwievi I wk Ki Rb fvj, KviY GLv b wkïi mgm v/evavmg~n `~i Kivi Rb wk wk Ki Z n e Zv mywbw` ó K i evsv bv n q Q wkïi mgm vmg~n K Avgiv `yõwu fv M fvm Ki Z cvwi: 1. h mkj mgm v kvixwik A½nvwb _ K G m Q, 2. h mkj mgm v/evav eâbv _ K G m Q g b ivlv `ikvi, Kvb Kvb wkï A bk jv mgm v/evav wb q cövwš K n Z cv i D j-l Kiv cö qvrb h, h Kvb wkï h Kvb gyn~ Z GKwU mywbw` ó mg qi Rb mgm v/evav Abyfe Ki Z cv i Gme Y vqx mgm vmg~n wewfbœfv e ˆZwi n Z cv i, hgb: cwiev ii D ~Z mgm vi Kvi Y, Zvi fvb- ev bi Amy Zvi Kvi Y, iv Z fvj Nyg bv n j, wkïwu mvivw`b KvR Kivi Rb Lye K vš _vkvi Kvi Y wkl b g bv hvmx n Z cvi Q bv BZ vw` hw`i Gme mgm v mg qi AveZ b mgvavb n q h Z cv i Z e eo K_v nj, wk K Zvi GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 35

38 cöwz g bv hvmx I mnvqzvc~y gvbwmkzv wb q KvR Ki Qb wk bv Ges H wkïwu hme welq fvjfv e eys Z cv iwb Zv awi q w` Qb wk bv mgv R AskMÖn Yi Î wewfbœ ai bi cöwzeükzvmg~n e w³ Kw `ªK/AvPiYMZ cöwzeükzv - wkïi kvixwik cöwzewüzv - eyw MZ cöwzewüzv - welyœzv - Amy Zv - Acywó - axi wklb - Ag bv hvwmzv - z j AwbqwgZ cwi ekmz mgm v mvgvwrk evavmg~n Ab vb evavi gz bv n ji A bk mgq GUv eo ai bi cöwzeükzv ˆZwi Ki Z cv i, hgb: - A ^v Ki cwi e k e o IVv - AeKvVv gvmz mgm vi Kvi Y PjvPj Ki Z Amyweav nq - köyxk i/ z ji cwi ek wkï-dc hvmx bv n j - hvbevn b DVv, bvgv I emvi Avmb Dchy³ bq cövwzôvwbk cöwzeükzv - AvBbMZ wewaweavb - ^v mev - mvgvwrk mev - ag xq wewaweavb 36 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

39 Awa ekb 2: A½nvwb D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - A½nvwb m ú K R b ej Z cvi eb - A½nvwb m ú K R b m Abyhvqx kªyxk e e v wb Z cvi eb mgq 1 N Uv DcKiY gvk vi, nvqvbu evw, wd c PvU, wfc KvW c wz `jxq KvR, -vbw Dc vcbv, Av jvpbv cöwµqv mnvqk AskMÖnYKvix `i Kv Q Rvb Z Pvb A½nvwb ej Z Zviv wk Ÿv Sb? Gici A½nvwbi Kvh KviY m ú K Rvb Z Pvb Ges eo ` j welq jv wb q we vwiz Av jvpbv Ki b Av jvpbv k l AskMÖnYKvix `i wkqz Rvbvi _vk j Zv cwi vi Ki b A½nvwbi Kvi Y wkïiv wk wk evavi m ylxb nq Zv Av jvpbv Ki b, hgb: - Zvi KwgDwbwU Z AskMÖn Yi cwigvy K g hvq, h nzz m mn R evb i h Z cvi Q bv A_ev cvwievwik Kvb Abyôv b AskMÖnY Ki Z cvi Q bv - m Zvi A½nvwbi Rb jw¾z _v K, Av vi Afv e fv M Ges Ab vb wkï `i mv _ Ljvayjvq AskMÖnY Kiv _ K wb R K weiz iv L AskMÖnYKvix `i 4wU ` j fvm Ki b Ges wbæwjwlz KvRwU eyws q w`b Kv Ri Rb mgq wvk K i w`b Avcwb wk kvixwik cöwzeüx wkïi AviI wkqz evavi K_v wpš v Ki Z cv ib? (Avcbvi wpš vi myweavi Rb D j-l - Avcbvi Rxe b Kx Kx cöfve `Lv w`z, hw` Avcwb Pjv div Ki Z bv cvi Zb!) K. L. M. `jxq KvR Dc vcb k l Zv `i K ejyb- D j-wlz djvdjmg~n j Ki j `L Z cv eb, A½nvwbi KviY wb q wpš v bv K i wk K `i DwPZ wkïi evavmg~n wb q wpš v Kiv Ges wkïi wkl b evavmg~ ni cöfve Kgv bvi e vcv i D ` vm MÖnY Kiv GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 37

40 mnvqk Z_ A½nvwb kix ii we kl Kvb A ½i AvswkK ev m ú~y wzmö Zv K A½nvwb e j kixi MV b mgm vmg~n K mvk vj g W ji (mvgvwrk g Wj) ` wó KvY _ K ejv nq A½nvwb gww Kj g W ji ` wó KvY _ K gb vwë K, kvixie Ëxq ev Rxe ` ni MVb A_ev Kvh vejx Z Kvb A ^vfvwekzv, ˆeKj ev nvwb _vk j Zv K Bw `ª qi A½nvwb e j "Impairment is the loss or limitation of physical, mental or sensory function on a longterm or permanent basis. cöwzewüzv Bw `ª qi A½nvwbi d j cö_vmz wbq g Kvb KvR m úv` bi mvg _ i Afve ev kvixwik A gzv K cöwzewüzv e j A½nvwbi cökvi f` kvixwik A½nvwb Gi gva g GKRb e w³i kvixwik bovpov, Pjv div I AvPi Y mgm v nq KviY cvwji, cwkmsµvš mgm v, cv qi cvzv dj Z mgm v, AvOzj ev cv qi cvzv GKwÎZ _vkv, gi ` Ê mgm v, A½nvwb, cq bi nv oi q, big nvo BZ vw` Bw `ª qi A½nvwb Gi d j Pv L bv `Lv, Kv b Kg kvbv, NÖvY wb Z mgm v, ^v` wb Z mgm v, Abyf wznxbzv A_ev kix i wvkgz fvimvg ivl Z bv cviv KviY gi ` Êi mgm v, gw i mgm v, Uª v Kvgv, ïk bv PvL, PvL w` q memgq cvwb cov, Av qvww bi Afve, gwbbrvbwum, g v jwiqv, Jl ai cvk cöwzwµqv œvqymz A½nvwb Gi d j GKR bi bvf vm wm g mgm v nq, hvi d j GKRb e w³i K_v ejvq, `Lvq, kw³ mâvj b mgm v ev, gvsm cwki `ye jzv, wzmz mgm v A_ev klvi Î ` Zv K g hviqv KviY g Mx ivm, gw i AvNvZ, gi ` Êi mgm v, msµgy BZ vw` D`vniY ^iƒc: mwieªvj cjwm, Z, g bbrvbwum 38 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

41 eyw e wëk A½nvwb Gi d j e w³i eyw e wëk Kv R Ges AvPi Yi Î mgm v nq GB mgm vi ïi nq 18 eqi eq mi Av M GUv K A bkvs k wklb cöwzewüzv e j KviY Av qvww bi Afve, cwi ekmz mgm v, mxmvi wel, R bwuk/ µv gv Rv gi mgm v (eyw nxbzv), Mf ezx gv qi i ejv I wmwdwj mi gz ivm, A_ev R b i mgq mgm v n j, Kg eq m Mf aviy I nvvr ivmvµvš niqv gvbwmk Amy Zv Gi d j GKRb e w³i wpš vq wew ß gvbwmkzv, mevi m ½ GKRb K gjv bv, Ges Rxe bi Pvwn`v K gjv Z cv i bv gvbwmk Amy Zv K wm Rv d«wbqv, wek Ljv, Ges eo gvbwmk Aemv` Gfv e e vl v Kiv hvq GUv GKRb e w³ h Kvb eqm, RvwZ, ey f ` Avµvš n Z cv i Ges Kvb e w³i e w³mz Amy Zv, PwiÎMZ mgm v, gvbwmk I kvixwik Pvc GwU K evov Z cv i gvbwmk Amy Zv Jly ai gva g, KvD Ýwjs mnvqzv, wbr ^ mnvqzv MÖ ci gva g wpwkrmv Kiv hvq eûgvwîk A½nvwb eûgvwîk A½nvwb A bk jv c vnv Zi dj, hgb: cy ivcywi AÜ GKRb e w³ hvi eyw cöwzewüzv ( klvi Î mgm v), Ges m ½ nv U i ivm _vk Z cv i A_ev GKRb e w³ hvi m ieªvj cjwm _vkvi Kvi Y nuvu Z mgm v nq, K_v ejv I klvq mgm v nq AviI wkqz mnvqk Z_ A½nvwb kvixwik, Av ewmk A_ev eyw cöwzeüx wkïiv wkl bi Î A bk ai bi cöwzeükzvi m ylxb nq Ges KwgDwbwU Z AskMÖnY K g h Z cv i D`vniY ^iƒc, GKwU wkïi `~N Ubvi Kvi Y Kvb A½nvwb n Z cv i; cvwjii Kvi Y cv nviv Z cv i A_ev mwieªvj cjwmrwbz Kvi Y Rš MZfv e Kvb wkïi GKwU A½ mgm vmö n Z cv i nuvu Z bv cviv wksev wmuwo e q Ic i DV Z bv cvivi Kvi Y Zv K cöwzeüx ejv nq i Z c~y e vcvi nj, Gme wkïiv wewfbœ Kvi Y wcwq q hvq, h nzz wkïwu Pjv div Ki Z cv i bv Ges cöwz ewki mv _ wgk Z cv i bv - Zvi KwgDwbwU Z AskMÖn Yi cwigvy K g hvq, h nzz m mn R evb i h Z cvi Q bv A_ev cvwievwik Kvb Abyôv b AskMÖnY Ki Z cvi Q bv - m Zvi A½nvwbi Rb jw¾z _v K; Av vi Afve _v K Ges Ab vb wkï `i mv _ Ljvayjvq AskMÖnY Kivi my hvm cvq bv GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 39

42 KD KD g b K i me wkqzi mgvavb nj A½nvwb iva Kiv hv Z wkïwu Avevi Pjv div Ki Z cv i G Î wpwkrmv e e v MÖnY Kiv AZ vek Kxq nq Zv Wv³vi wkïwui cv Acv ikb Ki eb A_ev Kvb we kl e vqv gi e e v Ki eb hv Z wkïwui cv mwvkfv e KvR Ki Z cv i GUv Kvb Kvb Î KvR Ki Z cv i wkš hw` GB e e v KvR bv K i wksev GB e e v Avcbvi GjvKvq bv _v K Z e Avcwb Kx Ki eb? H wkïwu K Ae njv Ki eb? Zv n Z cv i bv wkïi A½nvwbRwbZ Kvi Y m ó evavmg~n DËi Y Avgiv wewfbœ ai bi c` c MÖnY Ki Z cvwi A½nvwb K cy ivcywi `~i Kiv m e bq GLv b wkqz aviyv `qv nj hv Avcbv K mnvqzv Ki Z cv i, Avcwb Gi mv _ AviI wkqz hvm Ki Z cv ib: - Avgiv wkïwu K µvp A_ev jvwvi mvnv h nuvuv Z cvwi - Avgiv Zv K GKwU ûbj Pqvi cö`vb Ki Z cvwi - Avgv `i K GUv wbwðz Ki Z n e h, feb jvq wmuwoi cvkvcvwk hb wekí wnmv e i v ú _v K - Avgv `i Uq jumg~n Ggbfv e ˆZwi Ki Z n e hv Z ûbj Pqvi e envikvix wkïiv mn R PjvPj Ki Z cv i - GUv wbwðz Ki Z n e hb Zvi fvb- evb Zvi mv _ Ljvayjv K i Avgiv wkïi A½nvwb cy ivcywi mviv Z cvi ev bv wkš Avgiv wkïi Rb cwi ek K cwiez b Ki Z cvwi, hv Z Zvi A½nvwb Kg Abyf~Z nq GiKg wpš vfvebv wk vi mv _ mswk-ó e w³ Ges KwgDwbwUi e w³ `i `vwqz A bkvs k evwo q `q Avgiv hw` Ic i D j-wlz welqmg~n mgvavb Ki Z bv cvwi Z e wkïi cöwzewüzvi gvîv e o hv e Kvb e w³i A½nvwbi Rb m hzuv bv cq b c o Zvi P q mgv Ri jvk `i bwzevpk gvbwmkzv I AvPiY Zv K A bk cq b wb q hvq G Kvi Y Kvb Kvb e w³ Zv K cöwzeüx e j m ^vab Ki Z cq ` K i, KviY Zviv Abyfe K i h mgvr I cwi ek Zv `i K cöwzeüx wn m e ˆZwi K i Q mviv we k cöwzewüzvi Ô mvk vj g WjÕ-Gi MÖnY hvm Zv w`b w`b e w cv Q 40 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

43 Awa ekb 3: cöwzewüzv I cöv_wgk mbv³kiy D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - wewfbœ ai bi cöwzewüzv mbv³ Ki Z cvi eb - cöwzewüzv I mbv³kvix ˆewkó R b wkï K mnvqzv Ki Z cvi eb mgq 1 NÈv 20 wgwbu DcKiY gvk vi, nvqvbu evw, wd c PvU, ˆZwi -vbw c wz `jxq KvR, -vbw Dc vcbv, gy³ Av jvpbv cöwµqv AskMÖnYKvix `i wr Ám Ki b, wewfbœ cökvi cöwzewüzv Zviv Kxfv e eys e Gici wewfbœ cökvi cöwzewüzvi mbv³kvix wpý Kgb n Z cv i Zv G K G K eo ` j Av jvpbv Ki b I wd c Pv U wjlyb Gevi Kvb GKwU cöwµqvq AskMÖnYKvix `i 3wU ` j fvm Ki b Ges wbæwjwlz cöwzewüzvi mbv³kvix ˆewkó mg~n wjl Z ejyb - eyw cöwzeüx I AwURg - ` wó cöwzeüx I kªey cöwzeüx - nvbcvia vw±f I kªey cöwzeüx AskMÖnYKvixMY `jxqfv e m jv cv v i wjl e Ges `j _ K GKRb G m Dc vcb Ki eb G KKwU ` ji Dc vcb k l Zvi Ici wdwe vk cö`vb Ki b we vwiz Av jvpbvi Rb -vbw Dc vcb Ki b Avi wkqz Rvbvi _vk j Zv cwi vi Ki b Ges welqwu hv Z Zviv kªyxk m PZbZvi mv _ Kv R jvmvq m wel q evievi ejyb GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 41

44 mnvqk Z_ eyw cöwzeüx eyw cöwzewüzv evsv Z AviI hme cwifvlv e eüz nq m jv nj: wekvkg~jk cöwzewüzv, gvbwmk evavmö ev wklb cöwzewüzv G ai bi cöwzewüzv wkïi me ai bi wekvk K evavmö K i Gi d j wkïi kvixwik e w, eyw, fvlvávb, wb Ri cöwz Lqvj Ges wk vwelqk Dbœqb aximwz Z nq Giv mvaviyz Zxeª ev GKvwaK cöwzewüzvq Avµvš n q _v K G `i cöwzewüzvi e vcv i A bk mgq Kvb kvixwik KviY Luy R cviqv hvq bv eyw cöwzewüzv mbv³kiy ejvi Î - 18 gvm eqm ch š gvgv A_ev Ab Kvb kã D PviY Ki Z cv i bv - 2 eqi eqm ch š QvU Kvb e ev gvby li bvg ej Z cv i bv - 3 eqi eqm ch š mvaviy Mvb A_ev KweZv cybe vi ej Z cv i bv - 4 eqi eqm ch š QvU QvU evk ej Z cv i bv - 5 eqi eqm ch š cwiev ii evb i Ab wkqy g b ivl Z cv i bv - GKB eq mi Ab wkï `i P q Avjv`vfv e K_v e j fvlv evsvi Î - 1 eqi eqm ch š Zvi bvg a i WvK ji mvov `q bv - 3 eqi eqm ch š gylgû ji wewfbœ As ki bvg ej Z cv i bv - 3 eqi eqm ch š mvaviy Mí ej Z cv i bv - 4 eqi eqm ch š mvaviy cö kœi DËi w` Z cv i bv - 5 eqi eqm ch š kªyxk i wb ` kbv eys Z cv i bv - mgeqmx `i Zzjbvq h Kvb welq eys Z mgm v nq Ljvayjv - 1 eqi eqm ch š Kvb mvaviy Zi ½i Ljvayjv Dc fvm K i bv - 2 eqi eqm ch š mvaviy e, hgb: PvgP I cvî Gme wkqz wb q Lj Z cv i bv - 4 eqi eqm ch š Ab vb wkïi m ½ Lj Z Pvq bv - mgeqmx wkï `i gz Lj Z cv i bv Pjv div/bovpov - 10 gvm eqm ch š Kvb wkqzi mvnvh Qvov IVv-emv Ki Z cv i bv - 2 eqi eqm ch š nuvu Z cv i bv 42 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

45 - 4 eqi ch š GK cv q fvimvg i v Ki Z cv i bv - cwki mgš^q Kg _vkvq mgeqmx wkïi gz nuvuvpjv Ki Z cv i bv AvPiY mgeqmx wkï `i m ½ Zzjbv Ki j: - Aí mg q fy j hvq - Lye mvgvb wzkw³ - nvbcvia vw±f, AvµgYvZ K Ges mgm v ˆZwi K i - D`vmxbZv cov I jlv 5 eqi eqm ch š A_ev we` vj q 1 eqi ci - e Ë I PZzf~ R wvkgz g b ivl Z cv i bv - mvaviy wrwbm K KwVb K i e j - ww Ges we ey K GK K i d j - d vk Kv W avivevwnk ey I kã eys Z mgm v nq - GKUz Av M ejv 5wU msl v I kã wvkgz avivevwnkfv e ej Z cv i bv mwieªvj cjwm mwieªvj cjwmi Î ewkifvm mgq gw i mb Ask Avµvš nq hv nvz, cv ev gylgê ji cwki mâvj b mnvqzv K i _v K Gi d j Gme A½ AZ š wkw_j A_ev k³ n q hvq mwieªvj cjwm Z Avµvš wkïi gv_v Ges gylgê ji cwkmg~n wbqš Y Amyweavi Kvi Y K_v ej Z Amyweav nq kªey cöwzeüx mvaviy j Ymg~n - g bv hvm LyeB Kg - evkh š i Lye mvgvb Dbœqb nq - wb ` kbv gvb Z mgm v n q _v K - kªey cöwzewüzvi d j, GB ai bi wk v_ xiv kªyxcvv`v bi Av M ZvwK q ` L Zvi Ab vb eüziv wk Ki Q A_ev wk Ki Kv Q mnvqzvi Rb A c v K i - cökœ Ki j Lye mwvk DËi w` Z cv i bv A_ev DËi `q bv - QvU MÖ c KvR Ki Z cq ` K i, kªyxk i cq b A_ev mvg b PzcPvc e m _vk Z cq ` K i - Zv `i wbr ^ mxgve Zvi Kvi Y Zviv jvryk n q _v K Z e GwU Rvb j A bk mgq AvµgYvZ K n q DV Z cv i - Zviv A bk mgq gšwlk hvmv hv Mi Rb AskMÖnY Ki Z Awb QzK _v K, A bk mgq nvwm, KŠZzK wksev wndgvi eys Z cv i bv GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 43

46 - A bk mgq mvgvwrk Kg KvÊ _ K wb R K c _K K i iv L - K_v ejvi P q gy Li fve e vl v Ki Z cv i, kvixwik fvlv Ges welqwfwëk Z_ cökvk Ki Z cv i GRb A bk mgq fyj wm vš wb q _v K - A bk mgq Kv bi mgm v, VvÊv, Mjvq dvov A_ev gv Sgv S Ubwm ji Amyweavi K_v ej Z cv i - Kv b Kvb wkqz bv kvbvi K_v ej Z cv i ` wó cöwzeüx kvixwik wpý - jvj PvL, Pv Li Ici k³ XvKwb, evievi Pv Li cvzv Lvjv I eü Kiv, Pv L cvwb _vkv I Lvjv _vkv, AvovAvwo PvL, U viv PvL, AmgZj PvL - fvjfv e `Lvi Rb evi evi PvL gv Q - fvjfv e `Lvi Rb GK PvL eü iv L A_ev e i cöwz kixi I gv_v SzuwK q iv L - QvU e aiv I Gi Ae vb wpwýz Ki Z cv i bv gšwlk A½fw½ - U viv PvL, PvL wucwuc Kiv, Kv Qi Kvb wrwbm covi mgq gšwlk wek wz - QvU e ai Z cv i bv Av jv ms e`bkxjzv I A gzv - AwZ Av jvq PvL eü Kiv ev wcuwcu Kiv, ^í Av jvq `L Z Kó A_ev AÜKv i `L Z bv cviqv - covi Î Kó nq jlvi Î - GKB jvb b _vkv A_ev úm `qvi Î fyj Kiv `~i Z `Lv - Ljvi gv V h Z Pvq bv A_ev kvixwik Kvb KvR Kivi P q cov jlv Ki Z Pvq AwURg - 12 gvm eqm ch š Kvb ai bi e vewjs, wb ` kbv, A_ev g b Ki Z cv i bv - 16 gvm eqm ch š Kvb kã Ki Z cv i bv - 24 gvm eqm ch š `ywu kã avivevwnkfv e ej Z cv i bv - h Kvb eq m fvlvmz I mvgvwrk ` Zv nviv Z cv i 44 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

47 hvmv hvm - K_v e j bv A_ev Lye Kg K_v e j - hme K_v Av M ej Z cviz h Kvb mgq Zv fy j h Z cv i - mvaviy Pvwn`v cökvk Ki Z cv i bv - kãávb Lye Kg n q _v K - bvg a i h Kvb e `Lv Z cv i bv - GKwU kã evievi ej Z _v K - cö kœi DËi w` Z mgm v nq mvgvwrk ` Zv - gvbyl Ges e i cöwz Pv Li `k b Lye xy - Lj Z cvivi ` Zv Lye Kg - h welqwu cv i I Rv b Zvi cöwz evievi AvMÖn cökvk K i - eüz `i mv _ mgm v K i - Kvb KviY QvovB h Kvb mgq Kuv`v, i M hviqv, weiw³ fve cökvk Kiv, A_ev nvmv - úk Kiv AcQ ` K i wbr ^ c w_ex m ú K cöwzwµqv - wbr ^ DÏxcbvq bovpov K i - Av kcv ki wkïiv hv Ki Q m m ú K Kvb ai bi g bv hvm _v K bv - Kv Ri i wub cwiez b Ki j mgm v nq - e K wvkgz e envi K i bv - e i cöwz AcÖ qvrbxq g bv hvm - mwz Kv ii wec` m ú K fxwz _v K bv - úk, Av jv, kã BZ vw`i cöwz Lye ms e`bkxj A_ev Ams e`bkxj (Zxeª kã AcQ ` A_ev AwaK k ãb mvov `q hv Abyf~wZi wek Ljvi Rb n q _v K - Lv` vfv mi Î ïay evqvbk Z Lv` B L Z Pvq, Ab Lvevi L Z Pvq bv - Nygv bvi Î mgm v n q _v K nvbcvia vw±f - hme KvR KwVb g b nq Zv Ki Z Pvq bv - Ab wkï I wk Ki g bv hvm AvKl Y Ki Z Pvq - zavi Kvi Y wekªvgnxb _v K - K v mi Pviw` K nuvuvnuvwu K i - Aw i _v K GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 45

48 Awa ekb 4: cöwzewüzvi gww Kj g Wj I mvgvwrk g Wj D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - mvgvwrk g W ji d j wkïiv Kxfv e DcK Z nq Zv ej Z cvi eb - gww Kj g Wj I mvgvwrk g W ji myweav I Amyweav jv ej Z cvi eb mgq 50 wgwbu DcKiY wfc KvW, wmm bpvi cb, ˆZwiK Z -vbw ev wjwlz cv vi ccvi c wz cö kœvëi, gy³ Av jvpbv, Rvovq KvR, -vbw Dc vcb cöwµqv AskMÖnYKvix `i ï f Qv Rvwb q Awa ekb ïi Ki b Awa ek bi wk ivbvg, D Ïk AskMÖnYKvix `i Rvbvb cöwzewüzvi gww Kj g Wj I mvk vj g Wj m ú K Av jvpbv Ki b Avcbvi Av jvpbv K GwM q bqvi Rb AskMÖnYKvix `i wr Ám Ki b: - gww Kj g Wj ej Z Avgiv wk eyws? - mvk vj g Wj ej Z Avgiv wk eyws? - gww Kj g Wj I mvk vj g W ji g~j cv_ K wk? µgvš^ q Ic ii cökœmg~n Ki b Ges Awa ek bi D Ïk mdj Kivi Rb Av jvpbv Ki b gww Kj g Wj I mvk vj g W ji ˆewkó mg~n Av jvpbv Ki b ˆewkó mg~n K mnr Kivi Rb wewfbœ ai bi ev em Z D`vniY w`b Gici cö qvr b -vbw cö` kb Ki b Ges mnvqk Z_ _ K Dc iv³ welq jv wb q we vwiz Av jvpbv Ki b Av jvpbv k l Awa ek bi mvivsk Ki b Ges mkj K ab ev` w` q mgvwß NvlYv Ki b 46 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

49 mnvqk Z_ cöwzewüzvi gww Kj I mvgvwrk g Wj cöwzewüzvi Î g~jz `ybwu g Wj e eüz n q Avm Q GB `yb g Wj K K `ª K i GLb ch š Kvh µg ev evqb Kiv n Q wb œ `ywu g Wj m ú K Av jvpbv Kiv nj: gww Kj g Wj GB g Wj Abyhvqx cöwzewüzv ej Z e w³i mgm v K evsvq Kvb e w³i kvixwik, Bw `ªqMZ ev gvbwmk A½nvwb ( hgb: ` wó, PjvPj ev ïb Z Kvb mgm v nq) nj Zvi cöwzewüzv GB g W j cöwzeüx e w³ K we epbv Kiv nq Amy e w³ ev ivmx wn m e GB g Wj Abymv i, cöwzeüx e w³iv A g I ^vfvwek bq Zv `i A ^vfvwek Ae vi Rb wpwkrmvi cö qvrb ivóª I mgv Ri c _ K Zv `i Rb `qv I Ki bvi ` wó Kvb _ K wkqz mnvqzv `qv cö qvrb mg qi weez b GB g Wj cöwzeüx e w³ `i Rb mvgvwrk Kj v Yi f~wgkvi g b bq cöwzeüx gvby liv mvaviy ev g~javivi Kvh µ gi Dc hvmx bq ZvB Zv `i wkqz gšwjk Pvwn`v c~i Yi Rb we klvwqz cöwzôvb ev we klá cö qvrb mvgvwrk g Wj GB g WjwU cöwzeüx gvbyl I Zv `i AwaKvi cöwzôvq wb qvwrz e w³ `i Øviv cöyxz cöwzeüx gvby liv Rxeb AwfÁZvq mn R ev S, Zv `i Rb `xn w` bi ^v I Kj vy e e v Zv `i K mvgwmökfv e mgvr _ K wew Qbœ Ges ewâz Ki Q cöwzeüx gvby li cöwz mgv Ri cö_vmz bwzevpk ` wófw½i djvd ji Ici wfwë K i GB g WjwU wekvk jvf K i GB g W ji gšwjk ˆewkó nj mv g i Ici i Z Av ivc Kiv gzvqb Ges Rxebhvc bi wm vš MÖnY gzv I my hv Mi m e v P e envi wbwðz K i mgawakvi ZvB GB ` wó KvY _ K cöwzeüx e w³e M i AwaKvi Av `vj bi Kg x `i me P q RbwcÖq m-vmvb n Q, RvwZmsN KZ K NvwlZ 'Nothing About Us Without Us' my hvm cö`v b A ^xkvi, cq ` ev Pq bi ^vaxbzvq I AvZ cöz q evav Ges Rxebhvc b mnvqk e e vi Ici Zv `i wbqš Yi Afve i q Q GB Ae vq cö_vmz gww Kj g W ji Ae vb m ú K cö kœi m ylxb K i Zv j GB g Wj Abyhvqx, cöwzewüzv mgv Ri g a m ó GK Amg m úk, hlv b mgv R cöwzeüx Rb Mvôxi Pvwn`v K K`vwPr ev KLbB we epbv Kiv nq bv cöwzewüzvi Rb e w³i cöwz mgvr KZ K m ó nq ˆelg I wbcxob e e v GLv b cöwzeüx e w³wu Kvb mgm v bq cövwzôvwbk mxgve Zv, Abyc hvmx AeKvVv gv I mvgvwrk ` wófw½i Kvi Y cöwzewüzv I ˆewP Î mgm v m wó nq d j Zviv wk v, Kg ms vb, MYcwienb Ges µxov I mvs wzk Kg Kv Ê eâbvi wkkvi nq cöwzewü gvbyl K mgv Ri Ab vb gvby li mv _ wg k wkfv e Rxeb aviy Ki Z cvi e- Avgv `i mb PóvB Ki Z n e GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 47

50 gww Kj g Wj gww Kj g W j cöwzeüx e w³i cöwz ` wófw½ we kl Pvwn`v i q Q cöwzwµqv e ³ K i bv, wkl Z cv i bv ciwbf ikxj we kl/avjv`v cwi ek cö qvrb ^vfvwek wkï `i _ K Avjv`v A g cöwzwµqv e ³ K i bv, wkl Z cv i bv we kl DcKi Yi cö qvrb nq wpwkrmvi Rb Wv³vi I we klá cö qvrb Amy Lvc LvIqv Z cv i bv e`ivmx ev wluwl U mvgvwrkzvi eva bb mgvavb: we kl Pvwn`v m úbœ wkïiv wk v MÖnY Ki Z cvi e, hw` - Zviv Ab vb wkï `i mv _ Lvc LvIqv Z cv i (A nzzk Zv `i K Avjv`v K i ivlv hv e bv) - Zv `i Rb we kl DcKiY i q Q - Zv `i Rb Iqvb-Uz-Iqvb mv cvu i q Q - Zv `i Rb GKRb we kl wk K i q Q - Zviv wk vµg Abyhvqx wkl Z cv i - Zv `i Rb we kl cwi ek we` gvb - we kl cöwµqvi gva g Zv `i we kl Pvwn`v c~iy Kiv nq - Zv `i we kl Pvwn`vi Rb Avgv `i AwZwi³ m ú` i q Q - Zviv z j h Z cv i Ges mevi mv _ hvmv hvm Ki Z cv i - Zv `i K Avjv`v Kiv nq KviY Zviv GK bq - Zv `i mwvk I Mg bvc hvmx eqm i q Q - Zviv RvZxq fvlvq K_v e j 48 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

51 mvgvwrk g Wj mvgvwrk g W j cöwzeüx e w³i cöwz ` wófw½ wk v cöwµqvq mgm v i q Q wewfbœ ai bi wk vi mv _ Kvb cökvi mg SvZv/wgj/mvgÄm bb vbxq fvlvi e envi K wbi rmvwnz Kiv nq g q wkï I Ab vb cövwš K Rb Mvôx `i cöwz bwzevpk e g~j aviyv cvly Kiv cwievi I mgvr wk vi mv _ m ú ³ bq Kvb cövk-ˆkke wk v e e v, eq wk v_ x `i Rb Kvb wk vi e e v bb wk v e e vq mgm v: AcwieZ bxq, er bxq e e v AcwieZ bxq c wz, AcwieZ bxq wk vµg mywbw` ó wkqz wk v_ x I ` ji AbvMÖn I ˆelg cwijw Z nq AbwfMg Ges cöwzk j cwi ek cwi ek I m vwb Ukb e e v wbivcëvnxb I Acwi Qbœ vbxq m ú `i e envi Kg, h_vh_ wk v DcKiY I hš cvwzi Afve wk K `i Amn hvwmzv, z ji Amn hvwmzv Lvivc djvdj K wkï `i mgm v wn m e `Lv nq, A bk wk v_ x S i c o Ges A bk wk v_ x cybivq GKB K v m fwz nq wk K `i Rb cöwk Y A_ev gvbm úbœ cöwk Yi Afve mgvavb: GKxf~Z wk v Dbœq b - mgv Ri mkj ii myweav fvmxi g a mgš^ qi gva g GKwU wkïi Rb _ K ïi K i Rxebfi wk v MÖnY Kivi c wz I cöwµqv Dbœqb Kiv - wewfbœ ai bi wk v, hgb: AvbyôvwbK, DcvbyôvwbK I Ab vb mkj cökvi wk vi mv _ GKwU hvmm~î I mgš^q _vk e - wklb MÖnY Kivi Rb mgv Ri mkj cöwzôvbmg~n mgv Ri mkj gvby li Pvwn`v c~iy Ki e - mkj wk v_ x K kvbv Ges wk v m úwk Z bxwz wba viy I cwikíbv MÖnY I ev evq b cövwš K Rb Mvôx `i AskMÖnY wbwðz Kiv - vbxq m ú` mbv³kiy I Zv e envi Ki Z n e - vbxq m ú` e envi K i wk v DcKiY I hš cvwz ˆZwi Ki Z n e GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 49

52 mgm v mgvavb wbgœgv bi wk Y: cöwk Y I YMZgvb m úbœ cöwk Yi Afve, wkïi Pvwn`vi cöwz i Z `q bv wk v_ x wbw Œq-mwµq wkl bi Rb DrmvwnZ K i bv kªyxk i aviy gzvi P q AwZwi³ wk v_ x i q Q A bk wk v_ x ev` c o Q Ges S i c o Q mv izv Ges gšwjk Ávb h_vh_fv e wklv bv nq bv mvgvwrk Rxe bi mv _ z ji cov jlvi mvgäm bb, ev e Rxe bi P v jä gvkv ejvi mv _ m úwk Z bq Jcwb ewkk Avgj _ K Abgbxq c wzi e envi n q Avm Q mgmvgwqk Pv ci cöwz cöwzwµqvkxj bq: msnvz, cöz vl vb/amövn Kivi Ae v, abx I Mwi ei ga Kvi cv_ K, GBPAvBwf/ GBWm A c vk Z `ye j Ges Kg my hvm-myweav m úbœ fšz-aekvvv gv: wewìs, cvwb Ges m vwb Ukb myweav, Awbivc` I A ^v Ki cwi ek fvivµvš I hy Mi Aby cv hvmx KvwiKzjvg I wm jevm e envi Kiv mywbw` ó wkqz MÖ c Ges wk v_ x wklb MÖnY Ki Z cvi Q bv wksev AskMÖnY Ki Z cvi Q bv vbxqfv e wk K `i Rb wewfbœ ai bi cöwk Y Ges mn hvwmzv evov Z n e wk K `i K D` gx ckvrxex, `jxqfv e KvR Kivi hvm Zv Ges wk v_ x Kw `ªK n Z n e h_vh_ mn hvwmzvc~y g bvfve cvly Ges vbxqfv e Av qvwrz PvKzixKvjxb cöwk Y AskMÖnY Ki Z n e wk v cöwzôvb, cwievi I mgv Ri g a GKwU kw³kvjx hvmv hvm e e v ˆZwi Ki Z n e Ges AskMÖnYg~jK cöwµqv e envi Ki Z n e mykxj mgv Ri mv _ mn hvwmzvc~y m úk wbg vy Ki b wkï evüe zj cwipvjbv Ki b: wk v_ x Kw `ªK c wz Ges mwµq wklb-wk Y cöwµqv PP v, wkï `i wb R `i K mgm v mgvav bi my hvm w`b PvBì Uz PvBì A v cövp e envi Ki b GKwU we Z Z buiqv K i gva g bgbxq c wz Pvjy Ki b hv mg qi mv _ cwiez b Kiv hvq Ges cwiez bmg~n fvjfv e e e vcbv Kiv hvq wkï `i K cwiez b bv K i wm g cwiez b Ki b KviY wkï `i Rb B wm g, wm gi Rb wkïiv bq mdj DcvbyôvwbK I AbvbyôvwbK wk v cöwµqv _ K wklyb mgv Ri Pvwn`vbyhvqx wk vµg cöyqb Ki b Ges wk v_ x `i my hvm-myweav e w Ki b wk v cöwzôv bi fšz-aekvvv gv wbg v Y KwgDwbwU, jvkvj GbwRI I vbxq mikvi K Kv R jvmvb wkï `i cö ekmg cwi ek ˆZwii Rb cwi vicwi Qbœ I wbivc` m vwb Ukb, wkï `i kªyx K Zvi Dc hvmx emvi vb ˆZwi Ki b RÛvi, cöwzewüzv, fvlvmz ˆewPÎ, DcRvwZ/ Avw`evmx, kvixwikfv e P v jäw, mvgvwrk Ae v bi Kvi Y cövwš K Rb Mvôx K wk vi AvIZvq wb q Avm Z n e 50 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

53 Awa ekb 5: eâbv D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - eâbv m ú K ej Z cvi eb - eâbv Kxfv e msnwuz nq Ges Gi d j wkïiv wk wk mgm vi m ylxb nq Zv ej Z cvi eb - wkï `i Gme mgm v Kxfv e mgvavb Kiv hvq Zv ej Z cvi eb Ges wbr wbr z j Zv Kv R jvmv Z cvi eb mgq 40 wgwbu DcKiY gvk vi, nvqvbu evw, wd c PvU, ˆZwi -vbw c wz cö kœvëi, -vbw Dc vcbv, `jxq KvR, gy³ Av jvpbv cöwµqv AskMÖnYKvix `i mv _ ï f Qv wewbgq Ki b Awa ek bi ïi ZB Avcbvi Awa ek bi D Ïk m ú K AskMÖnYKvix `i K cwi vi aviyv cö`vb Ki b AskMÖnYKvix `i K cökœ Ki b: - eâbv ej Z Avcbviv wk ev Sb? - eâbvi Kvi Y wkï `i wk wk mgm v n Z cv i? - Kxfv e eâbv `~i Kiv hvq? - zj KZ c (wk K, zj e e vcbv KwgwU) G Î wk f~wgkv cvjb Ki Z cv i? cövß DËimg~n mvnvh Kvix wd c Pv U wjlyb cö kœvëi ce kl n j AskMÖnYKvix `i DËimg~n wb q Av jvpbv Ki b G welqk Avcbvi gzvgz cwi vifv e ejyb Gici AskMÖnYKvix `i wzbwu ` j fvm Ki b Ges wbæwjwlz KvRmg~n AskMÖnYKvix `i K ` j Ki Z w`b: GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 51

54 1. cywóki Lvevi wkï `i cywóki Lvevi cö`vb Kivi Î zj Kx Kx c` c wb Z cv i? G Kv R zj K K mn hvwmzv Ki Z cv i? - wczv-gvzv K cywóki Lvevi m ú K AewnZ Ki b - Ggb wkqz Kvh µg Lyu R ei Ki b hlvb _ K z j wkï `i K `ycy ii Lvevi cö`vb Kiv hvq - GLv b AskMÖnYKvix `i AviI wkqz Z_ mshy³ Ki Z ejyb ^v m Z cwi ek Ges ^v Dbœqb wkï `i ^v myi vq zj wk wk c` c MÖnY Ki Z cv i? zj K G e vcv i K mn hvwmzv Ki Z cv i? - z j ^v m Z cvqlvbv I avqvi mvgmöx cö`vb Ki Z cv i AskMÖnYKvix `i ejyb G msµvš AviI wkqz hvm Kivi Rb fvjevmv I g bv hvm wkïi wbivcëv wbwðz Ki Z I wkïwu H cwi e k wbivc` Zv Abyave bi Rb zj Kx f~wgkv cvjb Ki Z cv i? K zj K G e vcv i mn hvwmzv Ki Z cv i? - wk K `i DwPZ wkïi Kv Ri cöksmv Kiv GLv b AskMÖnYKvix `i K AviI wkqz wjl Z ejyb ` ji KvR kl n j AskMÖnYKvix `i cökœ Ki b, Kb Avgiv eâbv `~i Kivi Rb KvR Kie? G Z wkïiv Kxfv e DcK Z n Z cv i? Gici G welqk Avcbvi ˆZwiK Z -vbwmg~n cö`k b Ki b Awa ekb mgvß Kivi Av M AskMÖnYKvix `i g~j vqb Ki b mevb K ab ev` Rvwb q Awa ek bi mgvwß NvlYv Ki b 52 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

55 mnvqk Z_ eâbv cö Z K wkïi gšwjk Pvwn`v i q Q, hgb: fvjevmv I œn cvevi, wbivcëv, cywóki Lvevi, ^v Ki cwi ek Ges evm vb GB gšwjk Pvwn`vi Kvb GKwU ev` co j wkïi e w I wekvk evavmö n e GUvB ^vfvwek mnr K_vq ej Z M j, Zv `i wklb evavmö nq Ges wklb mvg_ K g hvq myzivs wk K Ges zj KZ c K Aek B Póv Ki Z n e hv Z wk v_ xiv cq b bv c o hvq KviY G mkj wk v_ xiv Zv `i gšwjk Pvwn`v c~iy Ki Z cv i bv AwaKvsk cöwzeüx wkï `i gšwjk Pvwn`vB c~iy nq bv Zviv ch vß Lvevi cvq bv KviY Zviv Lvevi `vwe Ki Z cv i bv; Zv `i ^v MZ mgm vmg~n KLbI i Z i mv _ we epbv Kiv nq bv KviY GUv a ib bqv nq h, cöwzewüzvb ^v mgm vi cöavb KviY A_ev Zviv mgvb œn I fvjevmv cvq bv KviY Zviv Ab `i _ K Avjv`v knivâ ji ew i cö vcu: kn ii ew GjvKvq emevmiz `wi`ª wkïiv Zv `i gšwjk AwaKvi _ K ewâz GLv b emevmiz AwaKvsk gvbyl b`xfvob, Liv, R jv Q vm BZ vw` cövk wzk `y h vmcöey GjvKv _ K G m Q GQvov wkqz jvk Zv `i A_ bwzk APjve v wbim bi Rb knigylx n q Q Ges kn ii ew GjvKvq emevm Ki Q G GjvKvi wkïiv wbivcëv, cywóki Lvevi, wbivc` cvbxq I ^v Ki cwi ek _ K ewâz GB ewâzve v _ K wkïiv wewfbœ ai bi mgm v, hgb: Acywói m ylxb nq, ciez x Z hv A½nvwb wksev cöwzewüzvq iƒc bq wkï `i eâbv Avgiv Kxfv e `~i Ki Z cvwi? DËi n Z cv i, fvj I ch vß Lvevi, wbivc` evm vb, wbivc` cvwb, h_vh_ ^v e e v, hzœ Ges fvjevmv zj GKv KLbB GB ai bi mgm v mgvavb Ki Z cv i bv GLv b Avgiv wkï `i my ^v i v Ki Z n j wk K `i KiYxq wel q Av jvpbv Kie - Acywó Ges ivmvµvš Ae vi Kvi Y A bk wkï `i kvixwik I gvbwmk wekvk h_h_fv e nq bv - Lvev ii ^ízv, hy ve v, cövk wzk `y h vm Ges `vwi `ª i Kvi Y A bk evev-gv Zv `i wkï `i K ch vß Lvevi hvmvb w` Z cv i bv GKgvÎ ivr bwzk I A_ bwzk D ` vm G Î f~wgkv cvjb Ki Z cv i AwaKZi `wi`ª gvby li Rb ivr bwzkfv e dmj Drcv` bi D ` vm g~l f~wgkv cvjb Ki Z cv i - wkš Dbœqbkxj `kmg~ ni AwaKvsk evev-gv ch vß Drcv`b Ki Z m g A_ev ch vß Avq Ki Z cv i hv w` q Zviv Zv `i wkï `i K ch vß Lvevi w` Z m g, hw` Zviv Zv `i wkï `i Pvwn`v m ú K m PZb nq Ges Zviv hw` KwgDwbwUi jvk I mikv ii KvQ _ K Gme wel q Abykxjb Kivi mn hvwmzv cvq ^v m Z cwi ek Ges ^v Dbœqb wkï `i hme ivm nq Zvi A a KiI ewk ivm nq Lvevi I cvbx qi gva g gy L RxevYy cö e ki gva g GgbwK wkïi g Zy ch š n Z cv i h mkj KwgDwbwU Z ^v m Z cvqlvbv bb, wbivc` cvwbi e e v bb Ges AveR bv I gqjv djvi mywbw` ó Kvb vb ev cpv bvi Kvb e e v bb mme KwgDwbwU Z RxevYy cöwz iva Kiv LyeB KwVb myzivs mikvi K Gme KwgDwbwU Z ^v m Z cvqlvbv I weï cvwbi e e v Ki Z n e Ges GjvKvi jvk `i K m PZb Ki Z n e GmKj Z_ mgv R mkj K Rvbv bvi Rb wewfbœ ai bi mfv I Av `vjb M o Zzj Z n e GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 53

56 Ges G Î zj i Z c~y f~wgkv cvjb Ki Z cv i wkï `i cöwzewüzvi nvz _ K i v I nvg, cvwji, ûwcs Kvwk _ K i v Kivi Rb mgqgz wukv cö`vb Ki Z n e g v jwiqv GKwU mvaviy ivm Ges Gi wei cöwz ivak e e v M o Zzj Z n e WªvM bqvi d j, hšb wgj bi gva g hme ivm nq, hgb: GBPAvBwf/GBW&m BZ vw` iv Mi e vcv i m PZbZvg~jK Kvh µg M o Zzj Z n e zj Gme ^v wk vg~jk Kvh µ g AMÖYx f~wgkv cvjb Ki Z cv i fvjevmv I g bv hvm kvixwik Pvwn`vi cvkvcvwk wkï `i AviI `ywu i Z c~y Pvwn`v i q Q hv Zv `i gvbwmk I Av ewmk wekv k i Z c~y f~wgkv cvjb K i: 1. wkïi wbivc` I wbivcëv Abyfe Kivi Pvwn`v 2. cvi úwik hvmv hvm/m úk Ges DÏxcbvi Pvwn`v GKwU DbœZ ` k GKwU wkïi kvixwik Pvwn`v c~iy n ji Av ewmk Pvwn`v c~iy bvi n Z cv i hw` wkïi Av ewmk I gvbwmk Pvwn`v c~iy bv nq Z e Zv wkïi wklb K evavmö Ki Z cv i 1. wkïi wbivc` I wbivcëv Abyfe Kivi Pvwn`v wkï `i mv _ eo `i A_ vr hviv wkï `i hzœ bb Zv `i mv _ Lye Kv Qi, Av emnb I fvjevmvc~y m úk _vkv evãbxq GUv wkïi wbivcëv Ávb, AvZ wek vm Ges Ab vb gvby li mv _ I we k i h KvbI ` k Lvc LvIqv Z mnvqzv K i eoiv hlb Zv `i KvR I K_vq wek vm hvm Zv cögvy Ki Z cv ib wkïiv wbivcëv eva K i Zviv gvbe m ú K i cö qvrbxqzv eyys Z cv i Ges Zv `i mz wg_ v Dcjwä Kivi Áv bi wekvk nq mwvk wbqg-bxwz I mxgve Zvmg~n wkï `i mv _ cwi vifv e ejv DwPZ cwiev ii g a fq-fxwz I g bvgvwjb Ges mwnsmzv wkï `i AvZ wekvk K evavmö Ki Z cv i hvb nvk, AviI GKwU i Z c~y welq nj wkïi mgm v I Amš wó Zviv h_vh_fv e cwiev ii mk ji mv _ kqvi Ki Z cvi jv wk bv, GUv hv Z wkïiv Ki Z cv i mfv e Zv `i K jvjb-cvjb Ki Z n e wkïi mgm v eo `i mv _ kqvi Ki Z bv cvi j ciez x mg q wkïi A bk mgm v n Z cv i 2. cvi úwik hvmv hv Mi Pvwn`v I wekvk wkïi gbb I kixi e w i Rb `ikvi mn hvwmzv gb bi wekvk Gi Rb me P q 3wU i Z c~y ÔLv` Õ nj fvlv, Ljvayjv Ges fvjevmv 1g gvm _ K wkïi mv _ K_v ejvi gva g hvmv hvm Ki Z n e, Rwo q a i Av`i Ki Z n e, nvwmgy L ZvKv Z n e, Zv `i Mí kvbv Z n e Ges K_v e j AvKl Y Kivi Póv Ki Z n e mkj wkï K Ab vb gvby li mv _ wgk Z `qv DwPZ eo `i DwPZ wkï `i K ms ú k Avmv, K_v ejv, nvwm w` q K_v ejv, nv m v¾j Aeq e ZvKv bv Ges Zv `i cöwz g bv hvmx niqv wkï `i cöwz g bv hvm Kg w` j wkïiv gb zyœ nq GKwU ewâz wkï Rxe bi cöwz AvMÖn nvwi q d j, Lvev ii cöwz Abxnv `Lvq, Ges gb I ` ni ^vfvwek wekvk nq bv 54 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

57 wkïiv Ki Z Ki Z k L myzivs wkïi e w i mv _ mv _ Pjv div Kivi ^vaxbzv I Ljvi my hvm w` Z n e Ljvayjv KLbB A_ nxb n Z cv i bv GwU wkïi wekv ki GKwU i Z c~y Ask GUv wkïi gvbwmk, kvixwik I mvgvwrk ` Zv Dbœq b mnvqzv K i, cvkvcvwk K_v ejv I nuvu Z mnvqzv K i GUv wkïi mšrb eva, cöwz hvwmzv AvZ wek vm Dbœq bi mnvqzv K i GUv ciez x Rxe b Zv K zj-kvh µg I wklb ` Zvi wfwë Movi Î f~wgkv cvjb K i eo `i cwikíbv Abyhvqx Ljvayjv me mgq mgm v mgvavb wksev j AR bi nvwzqvi wn m e KvR K i bv gv-evev I hzœkvix `i DwPZ wkï `i K Ljvayjvi DcKiY cö`vb Kivi gva g Ljvayjvq Drmvn cö`vb Kiv Ljvayjvi DcKiY `vwg n Z n e Ggb Kvb K_v bb Lvwj ev A_ev wbz cö qvrbxq e envh wrwbm `vwg Ljbvi P q fvj DcKiY n Z cv i KíbvcÖm~Z Ljv, hgb: A bk mgq wkïiv eo `i gz niqvi fvb K i hv wkï wekv k i Z c~y f~wgkv cvjb K i wkï `i m RbkxjZv wekv k mn hvwmzv Kiv DwPZ Zv `i K mgm v mgvav bi P v jä bqv Ges Kvb mgvavbwu Zv `i Rb fvj n e Zv eys Z mnvqzv Ki Z n e wkï `i hyw³ I wm vš Abyhvqx KvR Ki Z `qv I ch e Y Kiv Mvb MvIqv Ges Qov ev KweZv cvv Kiv, AuvKv Ges kã K i Mí cov wkï `i gvbwmk wekv k f~wgkv cvjb K i Ges klv I covi Af vm M o Zv j mkj wkï cwiev ii cövz wnk Kv R AskMÖnY Kiv Ges cwiev ii hvezxq KvR Kivi gva g wkl Z cv i we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkïivi Kv R AskMÖnY Ki Z cv i hw` Zv `i cwiev ii jvkrb Kv Ri KŠkj `wl q w` Z cv i Ges Zv `i mv _ mwvkfv e hvmv hvm Ki Z cv i wkïi ch vß wekv ki Rb Zv `i Kv Ri cöksmv Ki Z n e Ges ^xk wz cö`vb Ki Z n e K_v ejv, Ljvayjv Ki Z `qv Ges fvjevmv wkïi kvixwik, gvbwmk Ges Av ewmk wekv ki Rb i Z c~y Avgiv Kb eâbv `~ixki Yi Póv Ki ev? Avgv `i wk eâbv wksev cöwzewüzv `~ixki Yi Póv Kiv DwPZ hv wkqz wkqz wkï Abyfe Ki Q? GLv b Avgiv wkqz cö kœi DËi `e j Ki b, Avgiv GLv b `~ixki Yi Póv Kiv K_vwU e envi K iwq Avgiv eys Z c iwq h, wkqz wkïi cöwzewüzv A_ev ewâz `kv G Kev i Kgv bv bvi h Z cv i - n Z cv i H wkïwu h mgm v Abyfe Ki Q Zv A bk eoñ h cöwzewüzv wkïwu e q eov Q Zv ZxeªZi A_ev wkïwu LyeB `wi`ª - n Z cv i, H Kv Ri Rb h mgq I m ú` cö qvrb Zvi e e v Kiv AZ š KwVb - mlv b mnvqzv Kivi gz gvbwmkzvi jvk bvi _vk Z cv i Avgv `i e _ niqvi A bk KviY _vk Z cv i wkš e _ niqvi m vebv Póv bv Kivi KviY n Z cv i bv G Î Póv KivUvB nj Avmj K_v, hz KviYB _vkzk bv Kb Zv Póv bv Kiv K mg_ b Ki e bv GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 55

58 Awa ekb 6: wk Ki KiYxq I Zv `i cöwzwµqv D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - wkïi AskMÖnY I wk vi AwaKv ii cöw Z wk K `i KiYxq wk Zv e vl v Ki Z cvi eb - wk K `i cöwzwµqv m ú K R b wb R `i ` wófw½ cwiez b Ki Z cvi eb mgq 40 wgwbu DcKiY gvwëwgwwqv, wd c PvU, gvk vi, Z_ cî c wz cö kœvëi, e³ Zv, Rvovi KvR, -vbw Dc vcb cöwµqv AskMÖnYKvix `i mv _ ï f Qv wewbgq Ki b GB Awa ek bi welqmg~n m ú K AskMÖnYKvix `i wbæiƒc e vl v Abyhvqx ^ Q aviyv cö`vb Ki b Gici, `w Y Avwd«Kvi Mvqvbvq wk K `i g a h mgx v Pvjv bv n q Q Zv mevb K co Z ejyb (mnvqk Z _ mshy³ i q Q) Gici AskMÖnYKvix `i gzvg Zi mv _ Avwd«Kvi wk K `i gzvg Zi cv_ K Zz j ai b cövwš K I cöwzeüx wkï `i AskMÖn Yi I wk vjv fi AwaKvi cö`vb Ki Z M j wk wk KiYxq Ges G Z m ve wk wk evav _vk Z cv i Zv AskMÖnYKvix `i Kv Q Rvb Z Pvb Ges Gi Rb Avcwb Rvovq KvR w`b 15 wgwbu mgq w`b AskMÖnYKvix `i KvR mwbœ ewkz Ki b Ges Dc vcb Ki b Gici Avcbvi gzvgz cö`vb Ki b Ges -vbw Dc vcb Ki b Dc vcbv k l Avcbvi Awa ek bi g~j vqb Ki b mevb K ab ev` w` q Awa ekb kl Ki b 56 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

59 mnvqk Z_ wk K `i Rb wb ` kbv wk K I z ji Rb Gme AwaKv ii bxwzgvjvmg~n Kx wb ` kbv w` Q? Avgiv wb œiƒ c Dc vcb Ki Z cvwi- - mkj wkïi wk v jv fi AwaKvi i q Q - GB wk v h_vm e mvaviy z j, hgb: cövk-cöv_wgk, cöv_wgk I gva wgk we` vj q niqv DwPZ - wkqz wbw` ó wkï hv `i cöwzewüzv/we kl Pvwn`v Ges `vwi`ª i q Q Zv `i Î wkqz AwZwi³ mn hvwmzv cö qvrb n Z cv i - mkj wkïi Pvwn`v c~i Yi j, wk K `i wk Y cöwµqvq Ges z j Kv Ri cš vq wkqz cwiez b Avbv `ikvi - Gi d j GKwU DbœZ I Kg e qmv c wk v cöwµqvi D b l NU e Ges Gi cvkvcvwk mkj wkï I Zv `i cwievi DcK Z n e wk K I z ji Rb Avi Kx Kx cö vebvi K_v wpš v Ki Z cv ib? GUv wpš vi GKwU bzzb Dcvq we k i A bk ` k cöwzeüx wkï `i Rb Ôwe kl zjõ cöwzwôz K i Q GKxf~Z wk vi w` K avwez niqv A_ nj, GKwU mvaviy z j _ K mkj wkïi wekv k mn hvwmzv Kiv wk K `i cöwzwµqv AwaKv ii bxwzgvjv Ges mikvi GKxf~Z wk v ev evq bi Rb j gvîv wba viy Ki Z cv i wkš wk KMY GKxf~Z wk v ev evq bi Rb KvR Ki e, ZvivB cv ib GB wk v K mv_ KZvi mv _ ev e iƒc w` Z A_ev e _ Ki Z Zviv mgv Ri Ab vb Rb Mvôxi gz bwzevpk g bvfve cvly Ki Z cv ib cövqkb Zv `i fxwz I mskxy gvbwmkzv _ K cöwzeüx wkï I hme wkï cövwš K cwievi _ K G m Q Zv `i cöwz `vwqz cvj b e _ n q _v Kb hlb wk K Gme wkï `i ` Lb ZLb Zv `i g bvfve cwiez b nq wb œ ewy Z GKRb wk Ki jlvwu co b ( j mv _v, `w Y Avwd«Kv): j mv _v I Mvqvbvi 140 R bii AwaK wk K hv `i z j cöwzeüx wkï i q Q Zv `i K Gi DcKvwiZv wr Ám Kiv n qwqj 5 R bi g a GKRb wk K e j Qb, Kvb DcKvwiZv bb 5 R bi g a 2 Rb e j Q Zviv e w³mzfv e DcK Z n Qb, hgb: wk Y-wkLb cöwµqvq KŠkjMZ cwiez b Avbq b m g n q Qb; Zviv Zv `i mgzv cwigvc Ki Z m g n q Qb; Ges Zviv AwaK ˆah kxj n q Qb 5 R bi g a 1 Rb cöwzeüx wkï `i mv _ m úk Dbœqb I wcqvi `i mn hvwmzv Kivi mgzvi my hvm-myweavi K_v D j-l K i Qb 10 R bi g a 1 Rb e j Qb, Ab vb wk v_ xiv cöwzewüzv m ú K R b Q 10 R b 1 Rb e j Qb, cöwzeüx wkïiv DcK Z n Q GKRb wk K cöwzáv K i Qb,Ab vb wkï `i gz cöwzeüx wkï `i cov jlv Kivi AwaKvi i q Q Ges Zv `i K mvaviy z j cov bvi e e v Ki Z n e Zv `i K Avjv`v Kiv DwPZ bq hv Z Zviv Ab vb wkï `i mv _ _ K mvgvwrkxki Yi Ask n Z cv i Ges Zviv Abyfe Ki Z cv i h, ZvivI gvbyl Ges Zviv wb R `i K MÖnY Ki Z m g GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 57

60 Ic ii jlvwu c o `Lv hvq h, 5 R bi g a 4 Rb wk K z j cöwzeüx wkï `i _vkvi DcKvwiZv e ³ K i Qb Ab Av ikwu ` k mgx v Pvwj q GKB djvdj cviqv M Q wkš wk K `i GLbI A bk mgm v i q M Q AwaKvsk wk K wb œwjwlz mgm vi K_v D j-l K i Qb: - Gme wkïiv cov, jlv I MYbv Kivi mv _ gvwb q wb Z cv i bv - wkïiv klv I evsvi Î aximwz m úbœ - Zv `i AvPiY köyxk i Rb weiw³ki - hvmv hv Mi Î wb ` kbv AbymiY Ki Z cv i bv - wk K `i K ewk mgq e q Ki Z nq - z ji I köyxk i cwi ek h_vh_ bq - wkï `i g bv hvm Kg - Uq ju e env i mgm v - wk KMY Gme wkï `i e e vcbvi Rb hme DcKiY `ikvi Zv bb wk KMY Gme wkï `i zj _ K ev` bv w` q Gme mgm v mgvav b K i dj Z cv ib wkš Zviv mb Póv K i bv! wk KMY GUv Rv bb h, G Z Gme wkïi wk vi AwaKvi jw NZ n Q Ges Zviv Zv `i ` Zv Dbœq bi gva g mkj wkï K klv bvi P v jä wb Qb bv hlb wk KMY Zv `i zj K GKxf~Z Kivi P v jä MÖnY K ib, Zv `i ` Zv A bkvs k e w cvq Ges Zviv AwaKZi fvj ev evqbkvix n q I Vb G Z evsv hvq h, ïay we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkï `i Rb B bq GKxf~Z wk v mk ji Rb fvj 58 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

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62 Awa ekb 1: GKxf~Z wk vi wekvk (we kl wk v _ K GKxf~Z wk v) D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - we kl wk v _ K GKxf~Z wk v ch š Dbœq bi avcmg~n e vl v Ki Z cvi eb - cöwzewüzv wb q wewfbœ mg q hme Avš R vwzk I RvZxq bxwzgvjv NvwlZ n q Q Zv ej Z cvi eb mgq 50 wgwbu DcKiY Z_ kxu, KzBR cökœcî, ˆZwi wfc KvW, ˆZwi -vbw, gvwëwgwwqv, evw, gvk vi c wz Mí ejv, wk v ågy, KzBR cö kœvëi, cv vi ccvi/ -vbw cö`k b cöwµqv we kl wk v, mgwš^z wk v Ges GKxf~Z wk v KLb, Kv_vq ïi n qwqj, 3wU KvM R Avjv`vfv e 3wU Z_ kxu ˆZwi K i Awa ekb ïi i Av MB AskMÖnYKvix `i A MvP i cöwk Y K i wzb KY v i jvwm q ivlyb Ggb RvqMvq jvmv Z n e hv Z cö qvr bi mgq mn RB `Lv hvq GKxf~Z wk v I cöwzewüzv welqk 5wU Avš R vwzk Kbdv iý-gi bvg 5wU wfc Kv W wj L AskMÖnYKvix `i Pqv ii bx P jvwm q ivlyb AskMÖnYKvix `i ï f Qv Rvwb q Awa ek b cö ek Ki b Zv `i K ejyb GLb Avgiv we kl wk v _ K ch vqµ g KLb, Kxfv e mgwš^z wk v Ges mlvb _ K GKxf~Z wk vi ch v q G mwq Zv wb q Av jvpbv Kie wkš Zvi Av M Avgiv GKwU Mí ïbe G M íi k l wkqz KzBR cökœ _vk e cöwzwu cö kœi Rb 5 b ^i i q Q myzivs MíwU kvbvi Î GKUz g bv hvmx n Z n e KviY GLv b nvi-wrz i q Q Gici mnvqk Z _ i Av jv K ÔGKxf~Z wk vi wekvkõ M íi gz K i ejyb j ivl eb Mí ejvuv hb Avb `Nb nq Mí ejvi mgq AskMÖnYKvix `i Kvb cökœ g b n j Zv wj L ivl Z Aby iva Ki b 60 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

63 Mí ejv kl n j AskMÖnYKvix `i ejyb Gevi Avgiv wk v md i hve mevb K LvZv Kjg wb q cö Z n Z ejyb Av M _ K wvk K i ivlv cö_g `j K LvZv, Kjgmn mvg b Avm Z ejyb ch vqµ g c~e wba vwiz wzbwu vb ch e Y Ki Z ejyb mevb K ejyb cöwzwu vb `Lvi Rb 2 wgwbu K i mgq cv eb Aewkó AskMÖnYKvix `i `ywu ` j fvm Ki b Ges 2q I 3q `j wba viy K i w`b 2q `j K cö Z n Z ejyb cö_g `j hlb 2q vb ch e Y Ki e ZLb 2q `j K AvnŸvb Ki b Ges 1g vb ch e Y Ki Z ejyb 3q `j K cö Z n Z ejyb 1g `j hlb 3q vb ch e Y Ki e ZLb 2q `j K 2q v b cvvvb Ges 3q `j K 1g vb ch e Y Ki Z ejyb 15 wgwbu mg qi g a ch e Yi KvRwU kl Ki b wba vwiz mgq kl n j mevb K hvi hvi Avmb MÖnY Ki Z ejyb Ges KzBR c e i Rb cö Z n Z ejyb mevb K wbr wbr LvZv eü ivl Z ejyb cöwzwu `j K ch vqµ g cökœ Ki b Ges mwvk DË ii Rb b ^i w`b Kvb `j mwvk DËi w` Z e _ n j ciez x `j K DËi `qvi my hvm w`b cökœmg~n - KLb _ K AvbyôvwbKfv e we kl wk v we` vjq Pvjy nq? - fvi Z KLb, Kv_vq Kv `i K wb q we kl wk v we` vjq ïi nq? - KLb, Kv_vq cöwzeüx wkï `i Rb cix vg~jkfv e mgwš^z wk v c wz Pvjyi Póv Kiv nq? - Kvb `k me cö_g cöwzeüx I z`ª-rvwzmë vmg~n K g~j avivi we` vj q fwz i Rb AvBb cöyqb K i? - Kvb ` k, KLb me cö_g GKxf~Z wk v Kvh µg ev evq bi Póv P j? - evsjv ` k cö_g KLb, Kvb cök íi gva g GKxf~Z wk v Kvh µg ïi nq cö kœvëi ce kl n j Rq-civRq wba viy Ki b Ges mevb wg j nvi-wrz wpiw`b _vk e MvbwU cwi ekb Ki b mkj K DrmvwnZ Kivi Rb nvz Zvwj w`b G ch v q cö Z K K wbr wbr Pqv ii bx P nvz w` Z ejyb Ges hvi hvi Pqv ii bx P KvMR ev wfc KvW Av Q Zv `i K mvg b Avm Z ejyb µgvbymv i jvb b `uvov Z ejyb cö Z K K Zvi KvW wu co Z ejyb AskMÖnYKvix `i wr Ám Ki b Avgiv KqwU m j bi K_v Rvb Z cvijvg -vbw cö`k bi gva g m j bi bvg jv Av ikevi g b Kwi q w`b G Awa ekb m ú K AskMÖnYKvix `i Kvb cökœ Av Q wk-bv wr Ám Ki b cökœ _vk j DËi w`b me k l ^Ztù Z AskMÖn Yi Rb mkj K ab ev` Rvwb q kl Ki b GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 61

64 mnvqk Z_ GKxf~Z wk vi wekvk Ebwesk kzvãxi kl w` K Dcgnv ` k cöwzeüx wkï `i Rb AvbyôvwbK we kl wk v we` vjq Pvjy nq fvi Z GB ai bi wk v cöwzôvb vc bi cö_g `k K KjKvZvq emikvwi D ` v M kªey cöwzeüx wkï `i Rb we` vjq M o I V ciez x Z ` wó cöwzeüx wkï `i Rb we kl wk v we` vjq vwcz nq Z e e wuk Dcwb ewkk mg qi c~ e I cöwzeüxmn Abv_ I `yt wkï `i Avkªq K `ª AbvbyôvwbK we` vj qi e e v wqj 30 `k K DbœZ `k jvq eva Zvg~jK Rbwk v Kvh µg ev evqb ïi nq wøzxq wek hy i ci _ K mviv we k wewfbœ `k mevi Rb wk v Kvh µg I mve Rbxb gvbevwakvi NvlYv ev evqb j wb q GwM q Av m GB cwiez bi aviv cöwzeüx wkï `i wk v Kvh µ g bzzb MwZi mâvi K i G mg q cöwzeüx wkï `i wk v wb q wewfbœ ` k bvbv cix v wbix v ïi nq ZLb w`evkvjxb mg q cöwzeüx wkï `i we kl wk v we` vj qi cvkcvwk mgwš^zki Y bvbv cix vg~jk cökí ev evq bi Póv `Lv hvq cö_gz Av gwikvq cix vg~jkfv e mgwš^z wk v Kvh µ gi hvîv ïi nq 50 `k K bii q, WbgvK I myb Wbmn ek K qkwu ` k cix vg~jkfv e mgwš^z wk v Kvh µg ev evwqz nq wek Rbxb gvbevwakvi mb` ev evq bi cö vc U cöwzeüx bvmwik K g~j avivq AskMÖn Yi Rb mgv Ri mgwš^zkiy aviyvi Av `vj bi m~îcvz nq 60 Gi `k K Ab vb ` ki gz fvi Z cöwzeüx wkï `i Rb mgwš^z Kvh µ gi cix vg~jk cökí ev evwqz n Z `Lv hvq Avevi 60 Gi `k KB cöwzeüx wkï `i we kl we` vj q wk vi bv g mgvr _ K Avjv`v ev wew QbœKi Yi ms wzi wei So I V DbœZ `k jvq AZx Zi we kl wk v we` vj q AwZ cövwzôvwbkxkiy f ½ we-cövwzôvwbkxki Yi Av `vjb ïi nq G Z cöwzeüx wkï `i Rb mvaviyxki Yi cöwz Rvi `qv nq d j ^vfvwekxkiy I mgwš^zki Yi aviyv wekvk N U Ges `ª Z Zv Z ivwš^z nq 60 `k Ki kl w` K DbœZ `k jvq cöwzeüx wkï `i Rb mgwš^z wk v Kvh µ gi AvIZvq Zv `i g~j avivi we` vj q wb q Avmv ïi nq 70 `k Ki ïi Z Dbœqbkxj `k jvq mevi Rb wk v ev evq b cöv_wgk we` vjq RvZxqKi Yi gva g ivóªxq `vq `vwqz m cömviy K i GB cö vc U Dbœqbkxj `k jv cöwzeüx wkï `i Rb mgwš^z wk v Kvh µg cöez b K i Z e G mg q DbœZ `k jvq cöwzeüx wkïiv mve Rbxb wk vi AvIZvq wqj bv GgbwK hy³iv óª ey wfwëk we kl we` vjq KvVv gv f ½ c i ax i ax i GB we` vj q mkj e Y i wkï `i wk v ev evq bi cö vc U cöwzeüx wkï `i Rb mvaviy we` vj q Avmvi c_ Db y³ nq we k i me cö_g BZvjx Z cöwzeüx I z`ª RvwZmË v wkï `i g~j avivq we` vj q fwz i Rb AvBb cöyqb Kiv nq GB AvB b cöwzeüx wkï `i we kl we` vj q jlvcov wbi rmvwnz Kiv nq 70 `k Ki gvsvgvws mg q hy³ivóª I KvbvWvq cöwzeüx wkïi wk v I cyye vmb AvB bi gva g GKxf~Z wk v Z ivwš^z nq g~jz mgwš^z wk v ev evq bi AwfÁZv Ges cöwzeüx wkï `i AwaKvi welqk AvBb ev evq bi gva g 80 `k Ki gvsvgvws mgq _ K DbœZ `k jvq, hgb: hy³ivóª, KvbvWv I hy³iv R GKxf~Z wk v Kvh µg ïi nq cvkcvwk Dbœqbkxj ` k mkj wkïi eva Zvg~jK wk v ev evq b wk v e e v m ú K bzzb wkqz aviyv avivevwnkfv e GwM q Av m GB me bzzb aviyvmg~n GKxf~Z wk vi Aš M Z 62 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

65 wg jwbqvg W fjc g U Mvj&m (GgwWwR) Gi 8wU Mv ji g a 2q Mvj me Rbxb cöv_wgk wk vi K_v ejv n q Q Ges GUv cwi vifv e ejv n q Q h, 2015 mv ji g a mkj wkïi Rb cöv_wgk wk v wbwðz Ki Z n e evsjv `k mikvi GgwWwR ev evq b Aw½Kvive cövwš K wkï `i K ev` w` q me Rbxb wk v ev evqb Kiv m e bq evsjv ` k 2004 mv j wøzxq cöv_wgk wk v Dbœqb Kg m~wp (wcbwwwc-2) Ges gva wgk wk v Lv Z wklb gvb Dbœqb ev evq bi GKxf~Z wk v Kvh µg cöez bi cö Póv bqv n q Q Z e wcbwwwc-2 Gi Aax b cöv_wgk i cöwzeüx wkï `i Rb GKxf~Z wk vi AvIZvq wk v msµvš we kl Pvwn`vi Kvh µ gi D ` vm bqv nq GKxf~Z wk vi bxwzgvjvmg~n GKxf~Z wk v I cöwzewüzv welqk ek K qkwu Avš R vwzk Kbdv iý AbywôZ n q Q Zvi g a D j-l hvm nj mv ji 20 b f ^i RvwZms Ni mvaviy cwil` KZ K wkï AwaKvi mb` (wmaviwm) NvlYv mv ji gvp gv m _vbj v Ûi RgwZ q b cö_g wek wk v m jb mv ji 7-10 Ryb ú bi mvjvgvbkvq 92wU ` ki Ges 25wU Avš R vwzk ms vi cöwzwbwae ` BD b vi D ` v M wk v msµvš we kl Pvwn`v wek m jb mv j m bmv ji ivravbx WvKv i AbywôZ wøzxq wek wk v m jb mv j 13 ww m ^i RvwZms Ni mvaviy cwil` KZ K cöwzeüx e w³e M i AwaKvi mb` (wmaviwcww) NvlYv 1989 mv ji 20 b f ^i RvwZms Ni mvaviy cwil` KZ K wkï AwaKvi mb` (wmaviwm) NvlYv Aby Q`-23 G ejv n q Q- 1. gvbwmk I kvixwikfv e c½y wkï Ggb cwi e k evm Ki e, h cwi e k m myôz Ges cwic~y Rxeb K Dc fvm Ki Z cvi e Ges Zvi gh v`v wbwðz n e mgvr wkïi AvZ wbf ikxj mwµq AskMÖn Yi c_ K mymg Ki e GB wel q AskMÖnYKvix ivóªmg~n ^xk wz ` e 2. AskMÖnYKvix ivóªmg~n c½y wkï `i we kl h Zœi AwaKvi ^xkvi Ki e c½y e j cwiwpz wkïi cwiph v Ges `vwq Z wb qvwrz e w³ `i Av e` bi cöw Z cövß m ú` Abyhvqx cvwicvwk K Ae v we epbv K i h _vchy³ mnvqzv cö`v b DrmvwnZ I wbwðz Ki e 3. c½y wkï `i we kl cö qvr bi K_v ^xkvi K i hlbb m e mnvqzvmg~n webvg~ j cö`vb Ki Z n e 4. Avš R vwzk mn hvwmzvi PZbvq cöwz ivak ^v Ki e e v Ges c½y wkï `i kvixwik, gvbwmk I kvixwik wµqvg~jk wpwkrmvi Î h_v hvm Z_ wewbgq K AskMÖnYKvix ivóªmg~n DrmvwnZ Ki e 1990: Iqvì Kbdv iý Ab GWy Kkb di Aj-RgwZ qb, _vbj vû: 1990 mv ji gvp gv m _vbj v Ûi RgwZ q b cö_g wek wk v m jb AbywôZ nq GB m j b 2006 mv ji g a AR bi Rb K qkwu j gvîv wba viy Kiv nq GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 63

66 Aby Q` 3: mve Rbxb my hvm-myweav Ges mgzv wbwðz Kiv- 1. wkï, hye Ges cövß eq mevi Rb gšwjk wk v wbwðz Ki Z n e wk vi eywbqv` ˆZwi Z gšwjk wk v Kvh µ gi YMZ gvb m cömviy Ki Z n e Ges m Î we` gvb ˆelg `~i Ki Z msmwzc~y cwigvck e envi Ki Z n e 2. mkj wkï, hye Ges cövß eq `i Rb mgzvc~y gšwjk wk v Kvh µ gi Rb eis mk jb Kvw LZ mxgv ch š wk v MÖn Yi my hvm wbwðz Ki Z n e 3. GB gyn~ Z mev wak AMÖvwaKvi nj my hvm-myweav wbwðzkiy, gv bi µgvš^qb, bvix I Kb v wkïi wk v Ges Zv `i mwµq AskMÖnY wbwðz Ki Z we` gvb mkj evav `~i Kiv wj½ f ` mkj M`euvav aviyv cwinvi Ki Z n e 4. wk vi Î ˆelg `~i Ki Z GKwU mwµq Aw½Kvi m wó Ki Z n e ewâz, `wi`ª gvbyl; c_ Ges Kg iz wkï, MÖvg Ges cöz š A ji gvbyl, A vqx Ges Awfevmx Kg x, Avw`evmx m cö`vq, RvwZ, esk Ges fvlvmz msl vjny, hy -wemö ni Kvi Y DØv, ckv ewâz gvbyl KDB hb wk v my hvm MÖn Yi Î Kvb cökvi ˆel g i ^xkvi bv nq 5. cöwzeüx e w³i Î wk v Pvwn`v we kl g bv hvm `vwe K i mkj ai bi cöwzeüx `i Rb wk vi mg-my hvm wbwðz Ki Z cö qvrbxq c` c MÖnY Ki Z n e, hv mvwe K wk v e e vi mv _ GKxf~Z n e 1994: Iqvì Kbdv iý Ab úkvj bxwm GWy Kkb- mvjvgvbkv, úb: 1994 mv ji 7-10 Ryb ú bi mvjvgvbkvq 92wU ` ki Ges 25wU Avš R vwzk ms vi cöwzwbwae ` BD b vi D ` v M wk v msµvš we kl Pvwn`v wek m j b mg ez nb GB m j b RvwZms Ni mkj A½ I mn hvmx msmvb GKxf~Z wk vbxwz ev evq b D ` vmx f~wgkv b e Zvi ^xk wz `qv nq G m j bi NvlYvq ejv nq 1. cöwzwu wkïb Abycg ˆewkó m úbœ Ges Zvi AvMÖn, mvg_ I wk v Pvwn`v i q Q 2. wk v c wz Ges wk v Kg m~wp ewa Z K je i cwikwíz Ges ev evwqz n e hv Z wk v_ x `i mkj ˆewkó Ges Pvwn`v cyiy Ki Z cv i 3. g~javivi wk v cöwzôv b wk v msµvš we kl Pvwn`v cyi Yi Rb wklb weávbwfwëk I cö qvrbxq Avw½ K X j mvrv Z n e hv mswk-ó Î cö qvrbxq cyiy Ki Z m g 4. GB mkj mgwš^z aviyv m ^wjz wbqwgz wk v cöwzôv b ˆelg g~jk AvPiY `~i Kiv, mswk-ó m cö`vq K wk vi cöwz AvMÖnx Kiv, mgwš^z mgvr cöwzôv Ges mevi Rb wk v wbwðz Kivi Î me vwak Kvh Ki; Iciš GB e e v msl vmwiô wkï `i Kvh Kwi wk v cö`vb, ` Zv e w Ges mvwe K wk v Kg m~wp K e q mvkªqx Ki e 5. cvi úvwik ˆelg Ges evavmg~n `~i K i mkj wkï K wk v e e vq Aš fy ³ Kiv mv c Gi Dbœq bi Rb mikv ii m eÿ vp bxwzmz Ae vb Ges Avw_ K eivï AMÖvwaKvi w` Z n e 6. Kvb we kl KviY e vzxz mkj wkï K wbqwgz wk v cªwzôv b Aš f y³ Kiv Ges GKxf~Z wk v K GKwU AvBb A_ev bxwz wn m e MÖnY Ki Z n e 7. wkï, hye Ges we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ e w³ `i wk vi cwikíbv, ch e Y Ges g~j vq Yi Î we K `ªxKiY Ges AskMÖnYg~jK c wz cöpjb Ki Z n e 64 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

67 8. wk v msµvš we kl Pvwn`vi cöwz ` wó i L cwikíbv Ges wm vš MÖn Yi Î AwffveK, mswk-ó m cö`vq Ges cöwzeüx e w³ `i wb q Kg iz msmvb K DrmvwnZ Ges mnvqzv Ki Z n e 9. cöv_wgk mbv³kiy, cöwzkvi KŠkj Ges GKxf~Z wk v e e vq KvwiMix welq AwaK i Z v ivc Ki Z n e 1994: Iqvì Kbdv iý Ab úkvj bxwm GWy Kkb-G AskMÖnYKvixMY GKgZ cvly K ib h, Òwe k i A bk ` ki AwfÁZv _ K `Lv wm q Q wewfbœ eq mi we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkï `i GKxf~Z z ji gva g Aš f ~³KiY- Gi Î GKwU weivu mvdj AwR Z n q Q GUv cözxqgvb n q Q h, we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkïiv Zv `i mvg _ i c~y wekvk mvab NUv Z cv i Ges mgv Ri GKRb i Z c~y bvmwik wn m e wb R `i K ˆZwi Ki Z cv i Ó G Î wb gœ D j-wlz we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkï K Aš fy w³i K_v ejv n q Q - cöwzeüx wkï - g q wkï - `~i-`~ivš _ K Avmv wkï - b ZvwË K msl vjny wkï - c_ wkï - Kg Rxex wkï 2000 Iqvì GWy Kkb dvivg-wvkvi, m bmvj: 2000 mv j m bmv ji ivravbx WvKv i AbywôZ nq wøzxq wek wk v m jb GB m j b wemz `k K wk v Î AwR Z mvdj a i ivlv Ges 2015 mv ji g a Òmevi Rb wk vó ev evq bi Rb 6wU j c~i Y A½xKvive n q GKwU NvlYvc Î ^v i K ib j jv nj- 1. me vwak SzwKc~Y I myweavewâz wkïmn mkj wkïi cövk-cöv_wgk I ˆkkeKvjxb wk vi cömvi I Dbœqb 2. g q wkï, msl vjny wkï I KóKi cwiw wzi wkkvi Ggb ai bi wkïmn mkj wkïi R b 2015 mv ji g a webvg~ j eva Zvg~jK, gvbm úbœ cöv_wgk wk vi e e v 3. mkj wkï-wk kvi I eq `i wk v Pvwn`v wbwðz Ki Z eywbqvw`, RxebNwbó I mvgvwrk wk v msµvš Kg m~wp Ggbfv e cöyqb Kiv, hv Z mlv b mk ji AskMÖnY wbwðz nq mv ji g a we klfv e bvixmn eq `i AskMÖn Yi cöv_wgk my hvm wbwðz Kiv mv ji g a cöv_wgk I gva wgk wk v i we` gvb Q j- g qi mgzv AR b; g q `i Rb gvbm úbœ, eywbqvw` wk vq c~y I mylg cöv_wgk wk vq cö ekvwakvi wbwðzkiy 6. wk vi gvb Dbœq b Ges G msµvš mkj Kv R DrKl mvab, hv Z mevi c Aš Z msl vávb I ^v izvi gz cwigvc hvm ` Zv AR b m e nq WvKvi m j b AskMÖnYKvixMY GKgZ cvly K ib h, Òwk v gvby li gšwjk AwaKvi GUv gvby li UKmB Dbœqb Ges gvby li Z_v wewfbœ mgvr I RvwZi g a kvwš cöwzôv I ` p m úk Dbœq b mnvqzv K i myzivs cöwzwu bvmwi Ki gšwjk wklb Pvwn`v Aek B Ri wi wfwë Z c~iy Ki Z n eó GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 65

68 mk ji Rb wk vi e e v Kivi Rb Avgv `i K- - mgv Ri wzmö, cövwš K I ev` cov wkï `i K wk vi AvIZvq Avbq bi Rb mgzvi wfwë Z mkj my hvmmyweav wbwðz Ki Z n e - Zv `i Rb ïay cö ekmg Zv wbwðz Ki jb n e bv gvbm úbœ wk vi e e v Ki Z n e RvwZms Ni mvaviy cwil` KZ K cöwzeüx e w³e M i AwaKvi mb` (wmaviwcww) NvlYv 2006 mv j 13 ww m ^i RvwZms Ni mvaviy cwil` KZ K cöwzeüx e w³e M i AwaKvi mb` (wmaviwcww) M nxz nq GB mb `i aviv-24 wk v-g ejv n q Q- 1. ^v ikvix ivóª cöwzeüx e w³ `i wk v jv fi AwaKv i ^xk wz `q ˆelg nxb I mg my hv Mi wfwë Z GB AwaKvi ev evq bi Rb kwik ivóª mkj i GKwU GKxf~Z wk v e e v I Rxebe vcx wk v jv fi e e v Ki e 2. GB AwaKvi ev evq bi Rb kwik ivóª wbwðz Ki e h cöwzewüzvi Kvi Y Kvb e w³ mvaviy wk v e e v _ K ev` bv c o cöwzewüzvi Kvi Y Kvb wkï A ezwbk I eva Zvg~jK cöv_wgk ev gva wgk wk v jvf _ K ewâz bv nq 3. ^v ikvix ivóª cöwzeüx e w³ `i wk vq Ges mgv Ri m`m wn m e c~y I mg AskMÖn Y mg_ K i Zzj Z e w³k I mvgvwrk ` Zv AR b m g K i Zzj e 4. GB AwaKvi wbwðz I ev evqb Ki Z ^v ikvix ivóª cöwzeüx e w³mn Bkviv fvlv I eªbj c wz Z cvi`k x wk K wb qvm Ges wk v e e vi mkj i Kg iz ckvrxex I Kg x `i cöwk Yi Rb h_vh_ e e v b e 5. ^v ikvix ivóª wbwðz Ki e cöwzeüx e w³iv ˆelg nxbfv e Ab `i mv _ mgvbfv e mvaviy D P wk v, KvwiMwi cöwk Y, eq wk v Ges Rxebe vcx wk v MÖn Y mg_ nq GB j kwik ivóª cöwzeüx e w³ `i ^v Q `i Dc hvmx cwi ek I b vh my hvm-myweavi e e v wbwðz Ki e 66 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

69 Awa ekb 2: GKxf~Z wk vi aviyv I evsjv ` ki ez gvb Ae v D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - GKxf~Z wk v ej Z Kx evsvq Zv ej Z cvi eb Ges GKxf~Z wk v m ú K ey bv Ki Z cvi eb mgq 40 wgwbu DcKiY wfc KvW, wmm bpvi cb, ˆZwiK Z -vbw c wz cö kœvëi, eªbb iwg s, -vbw Dc vcb cöwµqv AskMÖnYKvix `i ï f Qv Rvwb q Awa ekb ïi Ki b Avcwb GB Awa ek b wk wb q Av jvpbv Ki Z Pvb Zv cwi vi Ki b Awa ek bi D Ïk m ú K AskMÖnYKvix `i ejyb Gevi GKxf~Z wk v m ú K AskMÖnYKvix `i cöv_wgk aviyv hvpvb Kivi wbwg Ë Zv `i K GB wel q wpš v Ki Z ejyb, Ges mevb K wfc KvW cö`vb Kevi ci Zv `i wpwš Z welq wfc Kv W wjl Z ejyb eªbb wg s I wfc Kv W jlvi Rb 10 wgwbu mgq w`b jlv kl n j Zv ev W cö`k b Ki b AskMÖnYKvix `i GKxf~Z wk v m úwk Z aviyvq Kvb mgm v _vk j Zv cwi vi K i ejyb Ges G m úwk Z we vwiz Z_ cö`k b Ki b AskMÖnYKvix `i aviyv cwi vi nj wkbv Zv cix v Kivi Rb cökœ Ki b AviI ^ QZvi Rb GKxf~Z wk v I MZvbyMwZK wk vi GKwU Zzjbvg~jK wpî Av jvpbv Ki b Awa ekb k l AsknMÖnYKvix `i g~j vqb Ki b g b ivlv `ikvi GB Awa ek b GKxf~Z wk vi aviyv cwi vi bv n j ciez x Awa ekbmg~n AskMÖnYKvix `i Rb Kvb Kv R Avm e bv myzivs, cö qvr b wewfbœ ai bi c wz Aej ^b K i n ji GKxf~Z wk v m úwk Z aviyv ^ Q Ki b GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 67

70 AwfgZ `ywu co b Avcwb Kvb AwfgZwU mg_ b K ib? welq GKgZ/GKgZ bv gzvg Zi c /wec hyw³ c w_exi cöwzwu mgv R wkqz we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkï _v K G mkj wkïi wkqz mywbw` ó mgm v _v K hvi Kvi Y m Ab vb wkï `i gz Zvi wklb Dbœqb NUv Z cv i bv Gme wkïi mgm vbyhvqx Zv `i Rb we kl e e v Aej ^b Kiv `ikvi GKB mgm v I cöwzeükzvmö wkï `i GKmv _ wk v `qvb me P q fvj cš v Gme we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkïi we kl Pvwn`v c~i Yi Rb Òwe kl wk vó e e v MÖnY Ki Z n e Gme wkïi wk Yi Rb we klfv e cöwk Y cövß wk Ki `ikvi cöwzwu wkïi wfbœ wfbœ wklb Pvwn`v i q Q h Kvb wkïb z j mgm v Abyfe Ki Z cv i Gme wkïi mgm v mbv³ K i m Abyhvqx wk Y c wz Dbœqb Ki Z n e GB DrKl Zv mkj wkïi Dc hvmx wklb cwi ek ˆZwi Z mnvqzv Ki e wkïiv mgm v bq; eis wk v e e vb nj mgm v cöwzwu wkïb ^Zš wk K K bgbxq n Z n e hv Z wzwb mkj wkïi Pvwn`v c~iy Ki Z cv ib, wkïi mgm v hvb _vkzk bv Kb 68 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

71 mnvqk Z_ GKxf~Z wk v: ZvwË K KvVv gv GKxf~Z wk v nj mevi Rb wk v wbwðz Kivi GKwU AvaywbK cöwµqv GUv mgv Ri mkj kªyxi wk v_ x `i Rb wk vi AwaKvi wbwðki Yi Rb KvR K i Ges mk ji AwaKvi-Gi cöwz m vb cö`k b K i Ges cö Z K wk v_ xi aib, Pvwn`v Ges cöwzeükzv K gv_vq i L wklb-wk Y cöwµqv cwipvjbv Kivi GKwU cöwµqv Gi A_ nj- GKxf~Z wk v Hme Rb Mvôx K wb ` k K i hviv HwZn MZfv e wk vi my hvm-myweav _ K ewâz GUv ZLbB wbwðz n Z cv i hlb GKwU mvaviy zj AwaKZi BbK zwmf nq A_ev Gme zj hlb mkj wk v_ xi Rb wk v cö`vb Kivi Rb mg_ nq wewfbœ cövwš K Rb Mvôx wk vi g~javivq m ú ³ niqvi Î h mkj evavi m ylxb nq, Zv DËi Yi Rb Zv `i Rb Avjv`vfv e wk v cö`vb Kiv wksev Avjv`v wk v cöwzôvb cöwzôv Kiv Kvb h _vchy³ mgvavb bq jvkvj KwgDwbwUi zj jvq mkj cökvi wk v_ x `i cö ekvwakvi _vkv DwPZ Ges Kvb wkïb ev` co Z cvi e bv GKwU wkïi wk vi Pvwn`v wbwðz Ki Z wm q Ab GKwU wkïi Pvwn`v K ev` `qv hv e bv GKxf~Z wk vi Abykxjb wk v c wz I KwgDwbwU f ` wfbœ wfbœ n Z cv i GKxf~Z wk v ej Z evsvq- GKxf~Z wk v K_vwU Aš fy ³KiY _ K G m Q eqi ci eqi ÒGKxf~ZKiYÓ K_vwU ÔcÖwZeÜx wkï `iõ wk vq Aš fy w³ K evsvz wkš GKxf~Z wk v ej Z AviI ewk wkqy evsvq- - GKxf~ZKiY ej Z cöwzeüx wkï, hgb: hme wkïi Pv L `Lv wksev Kv b kvbvi Î mgm v i q Q, hme wkï nuvu Z cv i bv Ges hviv ax i wk L GmKj wkï K Ges wk v _ K ewâz mkj wkï K wk vq Aš fy ³KiY evsvq - hme wkïi K_v ej Z cv i bv ( hvmv hv M mxgve Zv), wk v _ K S i covi cöeyzv i q Q Ggb wkï, hgb: ivmvµvš wkï, zavz wkï A_ev hme wkï köyxk wklb MÖn Y A gzv (wklb AR b mxgve Zv) i q Q - hme g q wkï Mf aviy K i Q, GBPAvBwf Avµvš wkï Ges mkj Q j I g q wkï hv `i z j _vkvi K_v wkš Kvb KviYekZ: Zviv y j bb; we kl K i Kg Rxex wkï, A b i evmvq KvR K i Ggb wkï, gv V I KviLvbvq wbhy³ wkï hviv Zv `i cwiev ii A_ bwzk mn hvwmzv K i Zv `i K z j Aš fy ³KiY; GKxf~ZKiY ej Z evsvq wk K wn m e cövß mkj mn hvwmzvi wf Ë Z ( zj KZ c, KwgDwbwU, cwievi, wkï, wk v cöwzôvb, ^v mev cö`vbkvix KZ c, KwgDwbwU wjwvi cöf wz Drm _ K cövß mn hvwmzv) mkj wkï K we kl K i ewâz wkï `i Luy R ei Kiv Ges Zv `i K wk Y-wkL bi AvIZvq wb q Avmv - GQvovI, mkj wkï z j Aš fy ³ n ji wkqz wkï köyxk wkl b AskMÖnY Ki Z cv i bv KviY- - cvv cy K wkïi fvlvq bv n q Ab fvlvq niqv - wkqz wk v_ x KLbB köyxk cökœ K i bv - wkqz wk v_ x KLbB Ab K mn hvwmzv Ki Z bvi cv i - wkqz wk v_ x e- vk evw I cvv cȳ Ki jlv bvi `L Z cv i - hviv fvjfv e wkl Z cv i bv A_ev KvD K mn hvwmzv bv Kivi cöeyzv G mkj wkïiv köyxk cq bi e  e m Ges Lye `ª Z köyxk Z vm K i g~jzt wk K I zj KZ c i cöavb `vwqz nj mkj wkïi Rb GKwU wklb cwi ek wbwðz Kiv hlv b mkj wkï wkl Z cv i, mkj wkï wkl Z Pvq Ges mkj wkï GKxf~ZKiY K Abyfe Ki Z cv i GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 69

72 myzivs, Ò Kvb cökvi kvixwik, eyw MZ, mvgvwrk, Av ewmk, fvlvmz A_ev Ab vb cöwzeükzv/amyweav/ cöwzk jzv K MÖvn bv K i wk v cöwzôvb jv mkj wkï K Aš fy ³ Ki e wk vi GB cöwµqvi gva g cöwzeüx wkï, e wzµgag x wkï, c_wkï, wewfbœ ckvq wb qvwrz wkï Ges `ym g GjvKvi wkï Ges fvlvmz, RvwZMZ A_ev ms wzmz Kvi Y cövwš K wkï `i K wk vi AvIZvq wb q Avm Z n e GKxf~Z wk v Ggb GKwU cöwµqv hvi gva g wk vi g a GKwU YMZ cwiez b Avbv m e Ges mkj wkïi z j Aš fy w³i Î hz evav Av Q Zv `~i Kiv Ges mkj wk v_ xi Rb wk vi e e v Kiv Gme evavi mv _ ms wzmz, RÛvi, mvgvwrk Ae vbmz, `vwi`ª, cöwzewüzv cöf wzi mv _ hvmm~î Av Q wkqz Î cövwš K cwiev ii wkïiv kªyxk ˆel g i wkkvi nq wkqz wkqz Î cwiev ii `vwi `ª i Kvi Y wkïiv zj ch š h ZB cv i bv GKwU MÖ c wk v _ K ev` covi me P q SuywKi g a Av Q Avi Zv nj cöwzeüx wkïiv Avevi A bk wkï Av Q hviv jvwb s ww Reì, Zviv kvixwik Kvb cöwzeükzvi wkkvi bv n qi zj _ K S i c o wksev z j h Z cv i bv mkj wkïi Pvwn`vi ˆewPÎ K Dcjwä Ki Z n e Ges me mgq Lqvj ivl Z n e GB kªyxk Kviv Av Q Ges Kviv kªyxk Avmv _ K ewâz n Q Zv `i K mbv³ Ki Z n e Ges Zv `i K kªyxk Avbvi Rb Póv Ki Z n e Ges m Abyhvqx Avgv `i wk v`vb cöwµqv cwigvr b Ki Z n e KviY mgq cwiez bkxj Ges Gi mv _ mv _ me wkqzb cwiez bkxj Ges GB cwiez b n Z n e wk v_ x `i Pvwn`v Abymv i GKxf~Z wk v GKwU cöwµqv hvi gva g vbxq Pvwn`vi cöw Z wk vq GKwU YMZ cwiez b Avbv nq Ges mkj wk v_ x `i cöwz m vb cö`k b Kiv nq hv Z mkj wk v_ x wklb-wk Y cöwµqvi AskMÖnY Ki Z cv i GwU Ggb GKwU D ` vm hvi Øviv cövk-ˆkke wk v _ K cöv_wgk wk v, fv Kkbvj GWy Kkb, eq wk v, wk K `i wk v I cöwk Y Ges wk vµg Dbœqb mkj wel qi g a GKwU YMZ cwiez b Avb Z m g nq GKxf~Z wk vi j nj- wk K I wk v_ x Dfq MÖ c K ˆewP Î i mv _ Lvc LvIqv bv Ges G K GKwU mgm v wn m e bv ` L P v jä wn m e MÖnY Kiv nq Ges wklb-wk Y cwi ek DbœZ Kivi Rb D ` vm MÖnY K i ÔGKxf~ZÕ wk v wk? - mkj wkï K wk vi mv _ m ú ³ Kiv we kl K i hviv wk v cöwzôvb _ K ev` c o Q - Hme wkï K wk vi mv _ m ú ³ Kiv hviv wk v _ K S i covi SzuwK Z Av Q Ges hme wkï Amy, zavz Ges hviv fvjfv e wk vr b Ki Z cv i bv - cöwzeüx wkï `i wk vi g~javivq m ú ³KiY - hme Q j g qi z j hviqv DwPZ wkš Kvb Kvi Y Zviv z j h Z cvi Q bv, hgb: A b i evwo Z ev gv V KvR K i A_ev hviv Zv `i cwiev ii A _ i hvmvb`vzv wn m e KvR K i Zv `i K wk vi mv _ m ú ³ Kiv - Hme wkï hviv wk v cöwzôv b hv Q wkš Zviv wb R `i K ev` cov wn m e wpš v K i, hgb: kªyxk i cq bi e  e m wkš wklb-wk Y cöwµqvi mv _ m ú ³ n Z cv i bv, Ges QzwU niqvi Av MB kªyxk Z vm K i, KviY Zviv Ab me wkïi b vq GKB KwgDwbwU _ K Av mwb D j-wlz wkï `i Rb I GKxf~Z wk v h_v cvhy³ AvgivB cvwi mkj wkïi Rb wk vi cwi ek ˆZwi Ki Z hlv b mkj wkïb wb R `i K wk vi mv _ m ú ³ g b Ki Z cv i we kl K i hviv wk v, kªyxk Ges z j Avmv _ K ewâz 70 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

73 GKxf~Z wk v Dbœqb GKwU GKxf~Z zj ïay zj bq, hv cöwzeüx wkï `i Rb wk vi e e v K i; eis GKxf~Z wk v nj H wk v cöwµqv hv wk vi mkj evav `~i K i Ges mkj wkïi Pvwn`vbyhvqx wklb-wk Y Kvh cwipvjbv K i GKxf~Z wk v c wz Dbœqb ej Z Avgiv eyws, Avgv `i Kv Ri K `ªwe `y Z cwiez b Avbv hv Z Avgiv wkï `i K mvaviy z j i L mn hvwmzv Ki Z cvwi Ges GB aviv mgv Ri g a I engvb ivl Z cvwi A_ vr GKxf~Z wk v Dbœqb Ki Z M j mgv Ri mvaviy gvby li g a G m ú K m PZbZv ˆZwi Ki Z n e GKxf~Z wk v hv bq - Lvg Lqvwjcbv - c ev R ov K i ivlv - mnr - g~j mªvzavivq m ú ³KiY GKxf~Z wk v nj - GKwU `k b GKwU Abykxjb - GwU Ggb GKwU ÔcÖwµqvÕ hvi gva g mkj wk v_ x (GgbwK we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkïivi) ch vß mn hvwmzvi gva g GK Î wk v MÖnY Ki Z cvi e - GKxf~Z wk vi j nj, mkj wk v_ x K Drcv`bkxj wn m e ˆZwi Kiv hv Z Zviv mgv R cwic~y fv e AskMÖnY Ki Z cv i GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 71

74 Awa ekb 3: AvbyôvwbK wk v, we kl wk v, mgwš^z wk v Ges GKxf~Z wk vi ga Kvi cv_ K D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - AvbyôvwbK wk v, we kl wk v, mgwš^z wk v I GKxf~Z wk vi cv_ K e vl v Ki Z cvi eb mgq 40 wgwbu DcKiY wfc KvW, wmm bpvi cb, ˆZwiK Z -vbw, cv vi ccvi c wz cö kœvëi, -vbw Dc vcb, `jxq KvR cöwµqv AskMÖnYKvix `i ï f Qv Rvwb q Awa ekb ïi Ki b Avcwb GB Awa ek b wk wb q Av jvpbv Ki Z Pvb Zvi D Ïk cwi vi Ki b Gici AvbyôvwbK wk v, we kl wk v, mgwš^z wk v I GKxf~Z wk v wb q eo ` j Av jvpbv Ki b Gevi mkj AskMÖnYKvix `i K 4wU ` j fvm Ki b ` j wef³ Kivi Rb GKwU c wz Aej ^b Ki eb hv Z cöwk Y K Kvb wek Lj cwiw wz m wó bv nq PviwU MÖ ci Rb PviwU welq (AvbyôvwbK wk v, we kl wk v, mgwš^z wk v I GKxf~Z wk v) fvm K i w`b cöwzwu MÖ c K cövß wel qi ˆewkó wjl Z ejyb; G Rb Zv `i K 15 wgwbu mgq w`b `jxq KvR kl n j cöwzwu MÖ c _ K GKRb K Zv Dc vcb Ki Z ejyb cöwzwu MÖ ci KvR K mgwš^z Ki b Ges cöwzwu wel qi ˆewk ó i wfwë Z cv_ K m ú K Zv `i K cwi vi aviyv cö`vb Ki b G wel q ˆZwiK Z -vbw Dc vcbc~e K PviwU wel qi cv_ K e vl v Ki b welqwu m ú K AskMÖnYKvix `i aviyv AviI cwi vi Kivi Rb cö kœvëi c wz e envi Ki b 72 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

75 mnvqk Z_ AvbyôvwbK wk v, we kl wk v, mgwš^z wk v I GKxf~Z wk vi cv_ K Special Education Normal Education Special child Square pegs for square holes Special teachers Special schools Normal child Round pegs for round holes Normal teachers Normal schools Integrated Education - Therapy - Rehabilitation Change the child to fit the system Make the square peg round System stays the same Child must adapt or fall GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 73

76 Inclusive Education Flexible System Children are different All children can learn Different abilities, ethic groups, size, age, background, gender Change the system to fit the child GKxf~Z wk vi AviI wkqz ˆewkó - GKxf~Z wk vq wkl bi cwi ek Ggb hlv b wkïiv wb R `i K wbivc` fve Z cv i Ges Zviv wk K K cökœ Ki Z cv i Ges Zv `i hyw³ jv Zz j ai Z cv i - wk v_ x `i Kvb cökvi kvixwik kvw I Ab vb kvw cö`vb Kiv nq bv - zjwfwëk wklb cö`vb Kiv nq Ges wk v_ x `i AskMÖnY wbwðz Kiv nq, Gi d j wk v_ xiv wklb-wk Y Kvh vejx Dc fvm Ki Z cv i - ev ezvi mv _ wgj i L wk v_ x `i Rxe bi mv _ mvgäm c~y wklb cö`vb Kiv nq - wk KMY Ae vi cöw Z Zv `i cvv`vb c wz cwiez b Ki Z cv ib - wk KMY G K A b i mv _ mgš^q K i KvR Ki Z Drmvnx nb Ges GK Ab K mn hvwmzv K ib - mgv Ri mvaviy gvbyl I AwffveKiv GB cöwµqvi mv _ m ú ³ _v K - wk vµg/kvwikzjvg e g~j aviyv _ K gy³ (AcwieZ bxq bq) Ges wj½ I ˆewPÎ K mbv³ K i Ges mgzv i v K i 74 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

77 Awa ekb 4: GKxf~Z wk vi 10wU KviY D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - cöwk Yv_ xiv GKxf~Z wk vi 10wU KviY ej Z cvi eb - G m ú K R b Zv Kv R jvmv Z m g n eb mgq 1 N Uv DcKiY gvk vi, nvqvbu evw, wd c PvU, wfc KvW c wz wezk cöwz hvwmzv, gy³ Av jvpbv cöwµqv AskMÖnYKvix `i ï f Qv Rvwb q Awa ekb ïi Ki b Awa ek bi wk ivbvg, D Ïk AskMÖnYKvix `i Rvbvb Gevi AskMÖnYKvix ` K wr Ám Ki b: - Avgiv Kb GKxf~Z wk v PvB? AskMÖnYKvix `i wbku _ K DËi ïbyb Gici Zv `i K ejyb GKxf~Z wk vi hšw³kzv wb q Avgiv GKwU wezk cöwz hvwmzvi Av qvrb Kie Ges G j AskMÖnYKvix `i K 2wU ` j fvm Ki b AskMÖnYKvix `i K ejyb, GLv b GK`j GKxf~Z wk vi c Ges Ab `jwu Gi wec hyw³ cö`vb Ki eb Zv `i K wb ` kbv w`b, cöwzwu ` j 2 Rb K i gvu 4 Rb e³v _vk eb cö_ g c i cö_g e³v 3 wgwbu GKxf~Z wk vi c ej eb Gici wec i 1 Rb e³v 3 wgwbu Gi wec ej eb Dfq ` ji GKRb K i ejv kl n j c i Av ik e³v 3 wgwbu Ges wec i GKRb e³v wbr ` ji c 3 wgwbu ej eb Gici c I wec ` ji Ab vb m`m `i ga _ K 1 Rb K i ejvi my hvm w`b D³ wezk cöwz hvwmzvq GKRb wepvik g bvbxz Ki b wezk kl n j c cvznxbfv e wepvikvh cwipvjbv Ki eb Ges Zv `i hyw³ jv wb q 5 wgwbu K_v ej eb Gici werqx ` ji bvg NvlYv Ki b Z e wez K h `jb werqx nvk Zv `i GB Z_ w`b h, 5 w`b cöwk Y k l c -wec mk j GKxf~Z wk vi hšw³kzv wb q A bk ewk hyw³ w` Z cvi eb e j Avgv `i wek vm wezk cöwz hvwmzv k l Dfq ` ji m`m `i ab ev` w`b GKxf~Z wk vi cö qvrbxqzv wb q wkqz ejyb cviqvi c q U -vbwmg~n cö`k b Ki b Av jvpbv k l Awa ek bi mvivsk Ki b Ges mkj K ab ev` w` q Awa ek bi mgvwß NvlYv Ki b GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 75

78 mnvqk Z_ GKxf~Z wk vi 10wU KviY K wzbwu av c Av jvpbv Kiv hvq - GKxf~Z wk v nj gvby li AwaKvi - GKxf~Z wk v DrK ó wk v cöwµqv - GKxf~Z wk vi gva g fvj mvgvwrk Dcjwä M o I V GKxf~Z wk vi 10wU KviY gvbwek AwaKvi 1. mkj wkïi GKm ½ GKB cwi e k cov jlvi AwaKvi Av Q 2. wkïi cöwzewüzvi Kvi Y Zv K Aeg~j vqb ev we` vj qi evb i ivlv wvk bq 3. eq cöwzeüxiv hviv wb R `i cöwzeüx we` vj qi mycvifvbrvi wn m e KvR Ki Q ZvivI cöwzeüx `i evb i ivlvi e vcv i wøgz cvly K i Q 4. wkï `i K wk v _ K ev` ivlvi Kvb AvBbMZ KviY bb hviv myweav fvmx I hviv myweav cv Q bv mme wkïi GKm ½ _vkvi AwaKvi Av Q DrK ó wk v 5. M elyvq `Lv M Q h wkïiv GKxf~Z wk v e e vi g a Av m Zviv cövwzôvwbkfv e I mvgvwrkfv e A bk fvj djvdj K i _v K 6. c _K we` vj q, mvaviy we` vj qi gz wk v I LuvRLei bqvi e e v mgvb bq 7. `vqe Zv I mnvqzvi gva g wk vg~jk m ú `i P qi GKxf~Z wk v A bk ewk Dchy³ e e v mvgvwrk aviyv 8. c _KxKiY wk v_ x `i fxwz, AÁZv I Kzms viv QbœZvi Rb `q 9. mkj wkïi wk v cö qvrb hv Zv `i m úk Dbœq b Ges mgv Ri g~javivq Avmvi Rb cö Z K i 10.GKgvÎ GKxf~Z wk vi mb gzv Av Q hv fxwz `~ixki Yi gva g m úk Dbœqb, m vb Kiv I cvi úwik evsvcovi my hvm ˆZwi K i 76 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

79 Awa ekb 5: GKxf~Z wk v: evsjv ` ki ez gvb cö vcu D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - GKxf~Z wk vq evsjv ` ki ez gvb cö vcu we k-ly Ki Z cvi eb mgq 30 wgwbu DcKiY ˆZwiK Z -vbw c wz gvwëwgwwqv Dc vcb, cö kœvëi cöwµqv AskMÖnYKvix `i ï f Qv Rvwb q Awa ekb ïi Ki b Avcwb GB Awa ek b wk wb q Av jvpbv Ki Z Pvb Zvi D Ïk cwi vi Ki b mnvqk GKxf~Z wk vq evsjv ` ki cö vcu ey bv Kivi c~ e cö kœvë ii gva g AskMÖnYKvix `i c~e Ávb hvpvb Ki b cökœ 1 : Avcwb GKxf~Z wk v m ú K K e R b Qb? cökœ 2 : evsjv ` k GKxf~Z wk v K e cöez b n q Q? cökœ 3 : ez gv b evsjv ` k GKxf~Z wk vi Ae v Kx? cökœ 4 : mikvwi I emikvwi mkj wk v cöwzôv b GKxf~Z wk v Pvjy n q Q wk? cökœ 5 : mviv we k cö_g K e GKxf~Z wk vi K_v ejv n q Q? cökœ 6 : evsjv ` k cö_g Kvb cök íi gva g GKxf~Z wk v we vi jvf K i? Gici ˆZwiK Z -vbwmg~n cö`k b Ki b GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 77

80 mnvqk Z_ evsjv ` ki ez gvb cö vcu GKxf~Z wk v AvbyôvwbK I DcvbyôvwbK wk vq eo cwim i Pvwn`vwfwËK I wk v_ x Kw `ªK wklb cö`vb Kivi GKwU cöwµqv cövwš K c wz n qi GKxf~Z wk v Ggb GKwU cöwµqv hv wk v_ x `i eûgvwîkzvq wek vm K i Ges m Abyhvqx mkj cökvi wk v_ x `i Kv Q wklb cuš Q `q GKxf~Z wk v wk K-wkw Kv Dfq K eûgvwîkzv wb q KvR Kivi Af vm MV b mnvqzv K i Ges G K mgm v wn m e bv ` L P v jä wn m e MÖnY Ki Z Ges wk vi cwi ek Dbœq b mnvqzv K i cövq 100 wgwjqb cöv_wgk we` vjq Mg bvc hvmx wkï z j h Z cvi Q bv Ges Dbœqbkxj ` ki 98% cöwzeüx wkï AvbyôvwbK wk v _ K ewâz GB ev`covi cq b ˆelg GKwU eo KviY e j aviyv Kiv nq wkï `i AwaKvi i vwelqk KwgwU 30wU MÖ c K mbv³ K i Q hviv ev` covi wkkvi Gi g a RÛvi ˆelg, RvwZMZ ˆelg, RvZxqZv welqk ˆelg, cöwzewüzv, wkïkªg, `vwi`ª Ges GBWm Avµvš Rb Mvôxiv Pigfv e ˆel g i wkkvi mvgvwrk ˆelg zj Ges wk v e e vi Ici cöfve we vi K i, KviY wk v cöwzôvb mgv RiB GKwU Ask GQvovI g~j mªvzavivi wk vbxwz cövqkb wk vwe` Øviv cöyxz nq Ges G Î Zviv GKwU mvaviy wkï KB Av`k wn m e a i bb hvi d j ev` cov I ewâz wkïiv GB wk v e e vi mv _ Lvc LvIqv Z cv i bv cöwzeüx wkï `i K wk v MÖnY Kivi Dc hvmx wn m e aiv nq bv Ges z j fwz Kiv bv nq bv kªyxk e eüz fvlv A bk wkï eys Z bvi cv i Ges G Kvi Y Hme wkï wk v _ K S i c o Kvb Kvb ` k A bk mgq g q wkïiv mkj evav AMÖvn K i z j h Z cvi ji wk KMY Zv `i cöwz D`vmxbZv cö`k b K i GKxf~Z wk vi aviyv g~jzt gvv ch v q cöwzewüzv welqk gyf g U Ges ˆelg I ev` cov wb q Av `vj bi mv _ RwoZ GKxf~Z wk vi bxwzgvjv ˆZwi Kiv n qwqj ÔmvjvgvbKv Iqvì Kbdv iý Ab úkvj wbwm GWy Kkb (BD b v, 1994)Õ Ges ÔWvKvi Iqvì GWy Kkb dvivg (2000)Õ-G AveviI GKxf~Z wk vi K_v ejv nq GKxf~Z wk v K A bk mgq ÔcÖwZeÜx `i Rb wk võ GB bv g ejv nq Ges GB wk v g~jzt cöwzeüx `i K dvkvm K i m hvb nvk, GKxf~Z wk v ïay cöwzeüx `i Rb wk v bq GKwU mgx vq `Lv M Q, bxwz wba vik, GbwRI, wk vwe` Ges Gi mv _ mswk-ó Kg xiv GKgvÎ GKxf~Z wk vi gva g YMZ wk v wbwðz Kiv hvq e j AwfwnZ K i Qb Ges GB wk vi gva g mkj wk v_ x K z j Avbv hvq Ges ˆelg nxb GKwU mgvr cöwzôv Kiv m e ez gv b evsjv ` ki cöv_wgk wk vi YMZ gvb GKwU i Z c~y Av jvpbvi welq 2002 mv ji Z_ Abyhvqx, cöv_wgk wk vi fwz i nvi 97% Ges bu Gb ivj g U iwki (Gb B Avi) 86% hw`i `kwu cöv_wgk wk vq fwz Ges wj½ mgzv AR bi e vcv i fvj cvi`wk Zv `wl q Q Z_vwcI Ab vb d v±i, hgb: wklb Kvh µg e e vcbv, mkj cökvi wk v_ x `i wk vi mv _ a i ivlv Ges wkl bi ˆewPÎ Zv I eûgvwîkzvi w` K bri w` Z n e `kwu cöv_wgk wk vi YMZ gvb evov bvi Rb Ômve- m±i IqvBW A v cövpõ Ges ÔcÖv_wgK wk v Dbœqb cökí-2õ (wc B ww wc 2) ev evqb K i Q GUv LyeB Drmvne ÄK h, GB cök í GKxf~Z wk v K GKwU i Z c~y Dcv`vb I cöwµqv wn m e we epbv Kiv n q Q GKxf~Z wk v RvwZMZ msl vjny (DcRvwZ), cöwzeüx, cövwš K Rb Mvôx Ges `wi`ª Rb Mvôx wb q GK Î wklb-wk Y Kg KvÊ cwipvjbv K i Ges GKB mv _ GB wk v cöwµqv mkj cökvi wk v_ x `i YMZ wk v cö`vb Kivi gva g 78 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

81 Zv `i Áv bi DrKl mva bi GKwU gšwjk nvwzqvi wn m e KvR K i hv Ômevi Rb wk võ Kvh µ gi GKwU j Dc ivwj-wlz wel qi cöw Z cö Z K wk v_ xi eûgvwîkzv K MÖnY Kivi Rb GKxf~Z wk v GKwU i Z c~y welq, hvi gva g wk v _ K ev`cov wk v_ x `i cö ekmg Zv wbwðz Kiv Ges cö Z K wk v_ xi mvg_ I gavi wekvk mvab m e GB M elyvwu g~jzt evsjv ` ki GKxf~Z wk vi ez gvb Ae v g~j vq bi Rb KvR K i Q GwU cöpwjz wk vbxwz Ges GKxf~Z wk v m úwk Z wkï AwaKv ii I cöv_wgk wk vq evav I my hvm-myweavi IciI i Z v ivc K i Q wcbwwwc 2-Gi j I ev evqb KŠkj GKxf~Z wk v K PP v Kivi Rb cö qvrbxq mvg_ hvmv Z cv i GKxf~Z wk v wcbwwwc 2-Gi mv _ mgwš^z GKwU D ` vm i Z c~y Z_ mg~n/ch e Y - cwjwm, aviyv I AbykxjbMZ w`k _ K evsjv ` k GKxf~Z wk vi cömvi m~pbv ch v q Av Q - aviyv, Abykxjb I ev evq bi g a GKwU weivu cv_ K cwijw Z n q Q Ges evsjv ` k GKxf~Z wk v ev evqb Ki Z A bk P v j Äi gy LvgywL n Q - ZvwË Kfv e mkj wkïi Rb zj Db y³ ejv n ji ev e A bk wkï wk v _ K ev` c o hv Q Ges ˆel g i wkkvi n Q - wk Yi aib zj f ` wfbœ wfbœ Z e AwaKvsk z j gyl we` vi cöwz ewk Rvi `qv nq Ges Lye Kg msl K z j wk v_ x `i mwµq AskMÖn Yi gva g wklb-wk Y cwipvjbv Kiv nq - wk v m úwk Z gš Yvjqmg~ ni g a mgš^q Ges hvmv hv Mi Afve cwijw Z n q Q - wk vi g~j mªvzavivq mkj ai bi wk v_ x `i wb q KvR Kivi gz wk K I cökvmb ˆZwi Kiv nj me P q i Z c~y KvR Ges c wzmzfv e ^í gqvw` I `xn gqvw` cöwk Yi cwikíbv MÖnY Ki Z n e Ges mv _ mv _ Ae vnzfv e d jvav ci e e v _vk Z n e - evsjv ` ki cöv_wgk wk vi YMZ gvb AR bi c _ GKwU eo evav nj wk K ^ízv - cövwš K Rb Mvôxi Dbœq bi Rb mikvwi I emikvwifv e AviI D ` vm MÖnY Ges g bv hvmx n Z n e - mvgvwrk w Mgv/N Yv/Am v bi Kvi Y A bk mgq cövwš K wkïiv wk vi g~j mªvzaviv _ K ev` c o Ges wk v K c~y Zv w` Z n j wkqz wkqz MÖ c K (fvmgvb Rb Mvôx, iv vq emevmkvix Rb Mvôx) Avkªq, wbivcëv I ^v mev cö`vb Ki Z n e - mkj ii myweav fvmxiv wk v Ges cybe vmb cöwµqvi Dbœq bi Rb Ri wi wfwë Z cwikíbv MÖn Yi e vcv i GKgZ cvly K i Qb - m irwg b ch e Y K i `Lv hvq h, A bk wkï `vwi `ª i Kvi Y z j h Z cv i bv MZvbyMwZK wk v c wz myweav fvmx wk v_ x I myweavewâz wk v_ xi g a GKwU cv_ K ˆZwi Ki Q - GKwU Abgbxq I AcwieZ bxq wk vµg wkqz msl K wkï `i fvj wkl bi e e v Ki Z cvi Q wkš mgv Ri weivu GKwU Ask Gi myweav MÖnY _ K ewâz - bxwz cöyqbkvix _ K ïi K i ev evqbkvix I e envikvix ch š g~j evamz cv_ K cwijw Z n q Q - Avš R vwzk `vzv ms vmg~n I RvwZms Ni A½msMVbmg~n gz cökvk K i Q h, GKxf~Z wk v Ô KbÕ GUv mevi Kv Q cwi vi n ji GKxf~Z wk v ÔKxfv eõ ev evqb Kiv n e Zv GLbI mk ji Kv Q cwi vi bq - msl vjny MÖ ci wkïiv wk v _ K me P q ewk ewâz n Q mvgvwrk Ae njv I Agh v`vi Kvi Y e `, mybcvi m cö`vq I hšbkg xi wkïiv wk v _ K Pigfv e ewâz GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 79

82 Awa ekb 6: GKxf~Z wk vi gva g Kviv DcK Z n Q? D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - GKxf~Z wklbevüe cwi e ki d j wk K, AwffveK, wkï I mgvr Kxfv e DcK Z n e Zv ej Z cvi eb mgq 1 NÈv DcKiY wfc KvW, wmm bpvi cb, Km vww, DËicÎ cöwk Yv_x `i Rb, ˆZwiK Z -vbw/wjwlz cv vi ccvi c wz cö kœvëi, NUbv we k-ly, gy³ Av jvpbv, Rvovq KvR, -vbw Dc vcb cöwµqv AskMÖnYKvix `i ï f Qv Rvwb q Awa ekb ïi Ki b Awa ek bi D Ïk AskMÖnYKvix `i Rvbvb Gevi AskMÖnYKvix `i Rvov euva Z mn hvwmzv Ki b cöwz Rvov K GKwU Km vww w`b cöwz Rvov K Km vww fvjfv e co Z ejyb 20 wgwbu mgq w`b Km vww 1980 mv j cvcyqv wbdwmwbi DËi cö ` ki GKwU MÖv gi Awffve Kiv Zv `i Q j g q `i Rb wk vi `vwe Rvbvj h wk vi gva g Q j g qiv MÖv gi g~j eva Ges MÖv gi Rxeb, ms wz, fvlv Dcjwä Ki e I mgv R GK Î emevm Ki Z wkl e G `vwei cöw Z mikvi, vbxq GKwU wek we` vjq I GKwU emikvwi cöwzôvb GwM q Av m Ges MÖvgv j 6-8 eqi eqmx wkïi Rb MÖvgxY ev ^ `wk cövk- zj bv g vbxq fvlvq DcvbyôvwbK wk vi zj Pvjy K i G zj vbxqfv e cövß Kg`vwg DcKiY msmön K i kªyxk e envi K i, hv Z wk Kiv mn RB MÖv gi `wi`ª wkï wk v_ x `i jlvcov klv Z cv ib vbxq Mªvgevmx `i iwpz wbr ^ fvlvi Mí, 80 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

83 jvkmv_v KweZv, Mvb I wk v_ xi wbr wbr ev e AwfÁZvi Ici ˆZwi wewfbœ eb z ji cvvvmv i ivlv nq I cvv`v bi mgq Zv e envi Kiv nq wkïiv eb qi Mí jvi PwiÎvbymv i m R Awfbq K i, cyzzj evbvq Ges Mí jv wb q kªyxk Av jvpbv K i wkïiv GB zj _ K Zv `i vbxq g~j eva I ms wzi Ici BwZevPK aviyv wb q ei n q Av m hv ciez x mg q Zv K fvlv wk v PP vq m g K i Zv j G Z wkïiv Av iv DÏxß n q I V, Zv `i AvZ wek vm e w cvq Ges wkl bi e vcv i Zviv AvMÖnx n q I V Zviv AwaK cökœi Ki Z k L `Lv M Q GB wkïiv ciez x mg q AvbyôvwbK z j fwz n q jlvcovq LyeB fvj Ki Q GB z ji wk Kiv Zv `i zj Rxe bi wzpviy K i e jb h, cö_ g Zviv hlb z j hviqv ïi K i ZLb Lye wøavmö _vk Zv I z j h Z fq c Zv Zv `i z j wk Kiv Zv `i m ½ Ggb fvlvq K_v ej Zb h Zviv Zv wvk eys Z cvi Zb bv wkš GLb Zviv Avk GB f e h, Zv `i z j GB wkï `i Avi Zv `i gz mgm vq co Z n e bv Z e vbxq AvÂwjK fvlv z ji wk vi gva g niqvq Kvb Kvb wk K wgkª cöwzwµqv e ³ K i Qb Zv `i g Z, wk v_ xiv fxz, bgª _vk j Zv `i wbqš Y ivl Z myweav `q Aci w` K Zviv Aek Avbw `Z h, Av Mi c wz Z wk Ki myweav n ji ez gvb ^ `wk c wz Z wkïiv A bk `ª Z wk v jvf K i Q vbxq fvlv e env ii gva g GB zj jv wbwðz K i Q h cvcyqv wbdwmwb vbxq mvs wzk I fvlvmz ˆewPÎ K Kvh Kifv e e envi Ki Q mk ji gzvgz jv ïbyb, Zv `i gzvgz Av jvpbv Ki b Gevi cöwz Rvov K DËicÎ (mnvqk bv U `qv cöwk Yv_x `i Rb Kiv) w`b DËic Î wkï `i Rb DcKvwiZv, wk K `i Rb DcKvwiZv, evev-gv qi Rb DcKvwiZv, mgv Ri Rb DcKvwiZv wjl Z ejyb jlv k l mevb K c o kvbv Z ejyb Gici -vbw cö`k b Ki b Ges mnvqk Z_ _ K Dc iv³ welq jv wb q we vwiz Av jvpbv Ki b Av jvpbv k l Awa ek bi mvivsk Ki b Ges mkj K ab ev` w` q mgvwß NvlYv Ki b DËicÎ wkï `i Rb DcKvwiZv GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 81

84 wk K `i Rb DcKvwiZv mgv Ri Rb DcKvwiZv GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

85 mnvqk Z_ wkï `i Rb DcKvwiZv GKxf~Z wk YevÜe cwi ek _ K wkïiv A bk ewk AvZœwek vmx n q I V Ges Zv `i AvZ gh v`v eva DbœZ nq Zviv wb R `i mvd j MŠie eva K i _v K m m ½ Zviv z ji fz i I evb i wb R wb R klvi hvm Zv AR b K i _v K Zviv Dchy³ cökœ Ki Z k L, Zviv hv wkl Q Zv ˆ`bw `b Rxe b, hgb: evwoi evb i ev evwo Z Kv R jvmv Z Rv b Zviv k L, wkfv e z ji wk K I mncvvxi m ½ nvwmlywkfv e Avš wikzvi m ½ K_vevZ v ej Z I AvPiY Ki Z nq Zviv eys Z cv i, wfbœ gzvm úbœ mncvvxi m ½ Kxfv e wgk Z nq Ges Kxfv e Zv `i mgm v K gvwb q wb q Zv `i wfbœ gzvi cöwz ms e`bkxj n Z nq G ai bi cwi e k me wkïb GKm ½ wk vjvf K i Ges mncvvxi cö vcu I hvm Zv ev gzv hvb nvk bv Kb mevi g a my `i m úk _v K wkïiv G Z Av iv m Rbkxj n q I V ev Zv `i wk v K mg K i Zv j Zviv wbr wbr gvz fvlv I mvs wzk HwZn K gh v`v w` Z I cöksmv Ki Z k L, mxwgz gzv ev wfbœ cö vcu m Ë I Zviv wb R `i we kl we epbv Ki Z k L GKwU GKxf~Z wklbevüe cwi ek _ K wkï `i hvmv hvm ` Zv ev o Ges ˆ`bw `b Rxe bi Rb wb R `i ˆZwi Ki Z k L, Ac ii cöwz kª vkxj AvPiY Kivi gva g wb R `i cöwz AvZ gh v`v evai Zv `i wd i Av m wk K `i Rb DcKvwiZv GKxf~Z wk YevÜe cwi ek KvR K i wk KivI DcK Z n q _v Kb wewfbœ ai bi wk v_ x K klv bvi gva g wk K `i bzzb bzzb wklb c wz Rvbvi my hvm ˆZwi nq Zviv bzzb bzzb welq, hgb: wkïiv wewfbœ Dcv q Kxfv e k L Ges Zv `i klv bvi Dcvq wk Zv Rvb Z cv ib P v jä gvkv ejvq wk KivI hlb bzzb bzzb c_ Luv Rb ZLb Zviv gvbylrb, wkï Ges cwiw wzi cöwz Av iv BwZevPK g bvfve Ges cöwµqv ˆZwi Ki Z mg_ nq Gfv e wklb-wk Y cöwµqv GK N qwgi cwie Z Avb ``vqk n q I V wk K `i zj I K j Ri evb i, hgb: zj Q, Ab zj ev wk K `i buiqvk / dvivg/wewfbœ R bi m ½ wbqwgz hvmv hv Mi gva g bzzb aviyv D ve bi my hvm ˆZwi nq GB aviyv cö qvm K i wk K wk v_ x `i wklb ZrciZvq Av iv AvMÖnx, Av iv m Rbkxj Ges Av iv g bv hvmx n Z DrmvwnZ K ib d j, wk v_ x I Zv `i AwffveK wk K K Av iv BwZevPK wdwe vk w` Z m g nq G Î Zviv mgv Ri Av iv ewk mg_ b jvf K i Ges Zv `i fvj Kv Ri Rb cyi Z nb GLv b mkj wk v_ xiv z j Zv `i m e vëg hvm Zvbyhvqx mdj nq ZLb wk KMY AvZ Z wß jvf K ib g b ivl eb GLv b wk v_ xi mdj niqv ej Z wjwlz cix vq cvm Kiv K evsv Q bv Gi A_ n Q wk v_ x `i GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 83

86 klvi ˆewPÎ c~y Dcvq K g b bqv Ges `Lv, Kxfv e Zviv wkl Z wm q mdj n Q wjwlz cix vq wkqz cö kœi DË ii P q wk v_ x hlb Kvb wkqz wk K ev kªyxk mevi mvg b mwvkfv e e vl v Ki Z cv i Zv KB mdj ejv hvq GKwU GKxf~Z wklbevüe z j wk K K mnvqzv Kivi Rb ^ Qv mex _v Kb, G Z wk Ki `vwqz fvi wkqzuv jvne nq wk Ki wb ` kbvbyhvqx, hlb GB ^ Qv mexiv eys Z cv i h, kªyxk hv klv bv nq Zv wk v_ x `i I Zv `i cwiev ii Kv R Avm Q ZLb Zviv ^Ztù Z n q Av iv ewk mnvqzv Ki Z GwM q Av m mgv Ri Rb DcKvwiZv GKxf~Z wk YevÜe cwi e ki gva g AvwffveKe ` Zv `i mš v biv Kxfv e jlvcov wkl Q Zv ewk ewk Rvb Z cv ib Q j g q `i jlvcovi e vcv i Zviv wb Riv m ú ³ nb Ges Zv `i wk vq mnvqzv Kivi i Z Abyaveb K ib wk K hlb Awffve Ki Kv Q mš v bi jlvcovi e vcv i gzvgz Rvb Z Pvb ZLb AwffveKe ` m vwbz eva K ib Ges Q j g q `i gvbm Z wk v cö`v bi cö Póvq wb R KI mgvb Askx`vi wn m e we epbv K ib wk Kiv hfv e z j wewfbœ KŠkj e envi K ib, Awffve Kiv mb KŠkj jv e envi K i Q j g q `i evwo Z Av iv fvjfv e `Lv kvbv Ki Z k Lb Zviv mgv Ri Ab vb `i m ½ wg_w Œqv Kiv k Lb Ges ci ú ii mgm v Dcjwä Ki Z cv ib Ges G K Ac ii mgm v mgvav b GwM q Av mb me P q eo K_v, Zviv Rv bb h Zv `i Q j g qmn Ab vb me Q j g qb gvbm úbœ wk v cv Q GKxf~Z wk YevÜe cwi ek mgvr K bvbvfv e DcK Z Ki Z cv i hlb GjvKvi AwaKvsk Q j g q z j hvq Ges k L ZLb mgvr Me Abyfe K i Zviv Dcjwä K i h mgv Ri Kg Kv Ê Ask wb Z fwel r cör b i bzv GB z j ˆZwi n Q mgvr ` L h G Z mvgvwrk mgm v, hgb: QvULvU Aciva, wk kvi-wk kvix `i mgm v BZ vw` K g hvq mgv Ri m`m iv z ji Kv R AwaKZi m ú ³ nq G Z zj I mgv Ri g a my `i m úk M o I V 84 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

87 Awa ekb 7: wkïi Pvwn`v mbv³kiy I KiYxq D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - myweavewâz wkkyi Pvwn`v wbiƒcb Ki Z cvi eb - cöwzeüx wkïi Pvwn`v mbv³kiy K i Gi wklb-wk Y wbiƒcb Ki Z cvi eb mgq DcKiY c wz 1 NÈv 20 wgwbu gvk vi, nvqvbu evw, cvóvi ccvi, gvwëwgwwqv `jxq KvR, -vbw Dc vcbv, gy³ Av jvpbv cöwµqv AskMÖnYKvix `i ï f Qv Rvwb q Awa ekb ïi Ki b Awa ek bi wk ivbvg, D Ïk Rvbvb Ges wr Ám Ki b- - myweavewâz wkkyi Pvwn`v Avgiv Kxfv e wbiƒcb Kie Ges G `i cvv`v bi KŠkj Kgb n e? - cöwzeüx wkï `i Pvwn`v Avgiv Kxfv e wbiƒcb Kie Ges G `i cvv`v bi KŠkj Kgb n e? welqwu wb q AskMÖnYKvix `i mv _ we vwiz Av jvpbv Ki b Gici Kvb GKwU Ljvi gva g (cvr ji gva g ev RxebZix Ljvi gva g ev Ab Kvb Dcv q) wzbwu ` j fvm Ki b Gevi `jxq KvR 1. GKxf~Z kªyxk wkïi Pvwn`v wbiƒcb Kb i Z c~y? Ges 2. ` wó cöwzeüx, eyw cöwzeüx, kªey cöwzeüx, mwieªvj cjwm, AwUw K I myweavewâz wkkyi cvv`v bi KŠkj Kgb niqv DwPZ? cöwzwu `j 1 bs KvRwU Ki e Ges 2 bs _ K `ybwu K i welq wb q cöwzwu `jb KvR Ki e KvR jv ` j fv jvfv e eyws q w`b cö qvr b cöwzwu ` j wm q mn hvwmzv Ki b AskMÖnYKvixMY `jxqfv e cv v i wjl e Ges `j _ K GKRb K i G m `jxq KvR Dc vcb Ki e GKwU ` ji Dc vcb k l mwui Ici MVbg~jK wdwe vk cö`vb Ki b wdwe vk cö`vb kl n j AskMÖnYKvix `i K_v ïbyb -vbw cö` k bi gva g we vwiz Av jvpbv Ki b Av jvpbv kl n j Kv iv wkqz Rvbvi _vk j Zv cwi vi Ki b Ges welqwu hv Z Zviv kªyxk m PZbZvi mv _ Kv R jvmvq m wel q evievi AewnZ Ki b Gevi Awa ek bi mvivsk Ki b Ges mkj K ab ev` w` q mgvwß NvlYv Ki b GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 85

88 mnvqk Z_ kªey cöwzewüzv Avgiv mvaviyz kªey cöwzewüzv kãwu e envi K i _vwk wkš KD G Ae v K Kv b Kg kvbv ev ewaizv e j Avgiv A bkmgq kªey mgm vmö Kvb wkï K a i wbb m Kv b ïb Z cv Q wkš ev e Zvi nqz ïb Z mgm v n Q G Î wkïwuii Zvi kªey mgm v m ú K aviyv bb `Lv M Q, zjmg~ n Kv b Kg ïb Z cviqv wk v_ xi msl v cy ivcywi ïb Z cvq bv Ggb wk v_ xi msl v _ K ewk n q _v K g b ivl eb, kªeyrwbz wkqz wkqz mgm v nvvr `Lv w` Z cv i Avevi P ji h Z cv i hw` cövqb Kvb wkïi Nb Nb VvÊv jv M I Kv b Bb dkkb nq Z e Zvi kªeykw³ wzmö n Z cv i Avgiv GLv b g~jzt Av jvpbv Kie mme wkï `i K_v hviv Rb _ K Kv b Kg ïb Z cvq bv A_ev Rxe bi cö_g eqi jvqb K_v ej Z, wkl Z, co Z klvi ci kªeykw³ nvwi q d j Q wk KMY hv Ki Z cv ib: kªyxk Awf hvrb Kiv - wk v_ x K wk Ki hzuzkz m e KvQvKvwQ emv Z n e (3 wguv ii ewk `~i Z bq) - wk K K wkï `i w` K gyl K i em Z ev `uvov Z n e Avcwb hlb Kvb wkqz co eb ZLb gy Li mvg b Ggbfv e eb ai eb bv hb gyl X K hvq ev ev W wkqz wjl Z wjl Z ev W i w` K gyl K i K_v ej eb bv - Avcbvi cqb w`k _ K hb Kvb Av jv bv G m c o, Gfv e Av jv co j Avcbvi gyl cwi vi `Lv hv e bv kªyxk Ggbfv e Av jvi e e v Ki b hv Z me wk v_ x Avcbvi gyl, nvz I VuvU cwi vifv e `L Z cvq - wk K I mncvvxiv wk Ki Q Zv cwi vifv e wk v_ x `L Z c j DcK Z nq GQvovI Ab vb wk v_ xiv Kxfv e wk Ki wb ` kbv Abyhvqx KvR Ki Q Zv ch e Y K ii m wkl Z cv i myzivs wk v_ xi emvi e e v Ggbfv e Ki b hv Z cöwzwu wkï G K Ac ii gyl fvjfv e `L Z cvq - kªyxk Kjie wbqš Y Ki b GQvov wbwiwewj Kvb As k kªyxk i e e v Ki j wk v_ xi Rb fvj nq wk Y KŠkj - hw` Kvb wk v_ x wnqvwis GBW e envi K i _v K `L Z n e wk v_ x GUv Kv b jvwm q Q wk bv Ges Gi mybp Ab Kiv ev e vuvwii Ae v fvj Av Q wk bv - cwi vifv e I Rv i K_v ejyb, Z e wprkvi Ki eb bv ev ewk K_v ej eb bv - K_v ejvi mgq mnr kã I evk e envi Ki b m m ½ cö qvrbxq kvixwik A½fw½ I Qwe e envi Ki b hv Z wk v_ x `i KvQ _ K hv cöz vkv K i Qb Zv wb R K i `Lv Z cv ib Qwe RvZxq DcKiY ev cözxk KvW e envi Ki b - köey mgm vmö wk v_ x K ejyb Ab wk v_ xiv Kxfv e Avcbvi cö kœi DËi `q Zv `L Z I AbymiY Ki Z hw` m Ab vb wk v_ x K `L Z I Zv `i K_vevZ v wvkfv e Abymib Ki Z bv cv i Z e Avcwb Zv `i K_v jv wb R cybive wë Ki b, h nzz m Avcbvi w` K gyl K i Av Q - fvjfv e LwZ q `Lyb Zv K hv ejv n q Q Zv m wvkgz ey S Q wkbv - kªey mgm vmö wk v_ xiv ^vfvwek kªey gzvm úbœ wk v_ x `i m ½ K_v ej Z _v K G Î wk K mgm vmö wk v_ x `i gy LvgywL n q wb ` kbv w` Z cv ib 86 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

89 - hw` wk v_ xi K_v ejv cwi vi bv nq, m wk ejvi Póv Ki Q Zv eys Z mgq wbb Zv K K_v ejvi mgq mwvk kã I e vkiy g b Pj Z mnvqzv Ki b Ges Zvi K_v ejv I kvbvi cª Póvi Rb Zv K cöksmv Ki b - hme wk v_ x G Kev ib Kv b ïb Z cvq bv ev ïb ji Lye Aí G ai bi wk v_ x `i Î hvmv hv Mi cöavb gva g nj mvbb j v½y qr A_ev wjc wiwws MVb I wjlb KI hvmv hv Mi AwZwi³ gva g wn m e we epbv Kiv h Z cv i Ic ii me jv gva g QvovI bx Pi welq jv cö qvm Kiv h Z cv i: - kªey mgm vmª wkïiv h ai bi mvbb j v½y qr e envi K i Zv klv bvi Rb wk KMY mvbb j v½y qr K vm wb Z cv ib mvbb j v½y q R cöwk YcÖvß kªey mgm vhy³ eq iv mvaviyz G wel q fvj wk K n Z cv ib - cö qvr b RvZxq ewai ms vi mv _ hvmv hvm Ki b - QvU QvU Q j g qiv Zv `i wk K ev evev-gvi PvB ZI mvbb j v½y qr `ª Z AvqZ Ki Z k L Avcwb G fvlv hz Abykxjb Ki eb ZZ fvjfv e wkl Z cv ib - wk KMY cvv cybiv jvpbvi mgq mvbb j v½y qr ev Ab Kvb gšwlk fvlv e envi Ki Z cv ib - mvbb j v½y q Ri Kvb wk K ev `vfvlx hv Z wbqwgz z j Av m m e e v Kiv h Z cv i cöwk YcÖvß eq ^ Qv mek wn m e kªey mgm vmö e w³ I ^vfvwek wk v_ x `i g a hvmv hvm cöwzôv Ki Z cv ib - wk v_ x `i fvlvi ` Zv Dbœq bi m ½ m ½ welqwfwëk covi Abykxjb ïi Kiv DwPZ Kbbv cvb-cvvb wk v_ x `i wklb I cvi úwik hvmv hvm cöwzôvq i Z c~y f~wgkv cvjb K i - kªey mgm vmö wk v_ x hv Z Avcbvi ev Zvi mncvvxi KvQ _ K cv Vi wjwlz Kwc cvq Zv wbwðz Ki b Zv K ch vß eb I wjwlz DcKiY w`b - A bk ` kb we klzt kn ii mvaviy zj jvq kªey mgm vmö wk v_ x `i Rb we kl kvlv i q Q eq kªey mgm vmö `i wk K ev K vmi g mnvqk wn m e wb qvm `qv h Z cv i - G Î wk v_ x `i mvbb j v½y q Ri gva g wk v`vb Kiv h Z cv i G Z Zv `i Ab vb wk v_ x `i m ½ gjv gkvi my hvm ˆZwi nq Ges kªey mgm vmö wk v_ xiv Ab K vm jvq hvm`vb Ki Z cv i ` wó cöwzewüzv wewfbœ cökvi I gvîvi ` wó cöwzewüzv evsv Z bvbv cwifvlv e envi Kiv nq, hgb: xy` wó, AvswkK ` wó Ges AÜZ mgm v mbv³ Kiv M j A bk wkïi mgm v Pkgv e envi K i mvwi q Zvjv nq wkš Kv iv Î ` wókw³i we kl `~e jzv ev cöwzeükzv _vk Z cv i A bk Î xy` wó ev ` wónxbzvi wewfbœ j Y ` L evsv hvq, wkš Ggb A bk mgm v _vk Z cv i hv nqz Kv ivi br i c o bv wk KMY hv Ki Z cv ib: - Avcbvi wk v_ x kªyxk i Kvb RvqMv _ K evw fvjfv e `L Z cvq Zv R b wbb, hgb: kªyxk i mvg bi mvwii Avmb wk v_ x fvj `L Z cvq - Lqvj ivlyb hv Z ev W i Ici Av jvi cöwzdjb bv nq - hw` wk v_ xi PvL Av jvi cªwz ms e`bkxj nq, Z e Zv K Rvbvjvi cvk _ K mwi q w`b Zv K GKwU peaked hat cwi q w`b hv Z Zvi PvL cövq X K hvq A_ev Zv K GKwU Card board screen w`b hv Z m cov Ges jlvi mgq GKwU AveiY wn m e Zv e envi Ki Z cv i wk Y KŠkj - ev W jlvi mgq kã eo eo AvKv i wjlyb A_ev ` k DcKiY e envi Ki b iwob PK e envi Ki j fvj nq wk v_ x `i ev W i Ic i ev wk v DcKi Yi KvQvKvwQ Avm Z DrmvwnZ Ki b hv Z Zviv jlv `L Z cvq GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 87

90 - ev W hv jlv n q Q Zv mk ã co b - wk v DcKiY Ggbfv e ˆZwi Ki b hv Z wk v_ xiv mn R Zv co Z cv i wk v_ x `i mi jvbb Uvbv KvM R jlv `L Z Amyweav n Z cv i ZvB Zv `i jlvi Rb gvuv jvbb Uvbv KvMR e envi Ki b - g vmwbdvbs M-vm w` j A bk wk v_ x DcK Z n e g vmwbdvbs M-vm `yõai bi n q _v K wkqz g vmwbdvbs M-vm cy iv c ôvwu eo K i `Lv Z cv i - wk v_ x `i covi mgq Kvb c q Uvi A_ev AvOyj w` q a i co Z DrmvwnZ Ki b Av jvi cªwzdjb Gov Z eyk vi e envi Ki b - xy` wóm úbœ wk v_ x `i klvi Rb Kvb wkqz K úk ev kvbvi cö qvrb Av Q GRb Zv `i h Kvb wrwbm aivi my hvm w`b - xy` wóm úbœ wk v_ x `i m ½ Pv L fvj `L Z cvq K v mi Ggb KvD K ejyb Zvi KvMR jv wq q w` Z Ges cov ei K i w` Z - wk v_ x `i K DrmvwnZ Kivi Rb Zv K úk ev gy L cöksmv Ki b - K v m Av jvpbv Kivi mgq Kv iv mv _ K_v ej Z n j Zv K bvg a i m ^vab Ki b hv Z xy` wóm úbœ wk v_ x eys Z cv i K K_v ej Q - AÜ ev ` wó cöwzeüx wk v_ xiv Kw úduv ii gva g bvbvfv e mnvqzv c Z cv i Kw úduvi gwbu ii c` vq we kl ai bi mduiq vi cwipvwjz cövmöv gi mvnv h Kvb jlv eo eo K i `L Z cv i f qm wmb _RvB ii mvnv h Kvb cvv ïb Z cv i ev G K eªbj c wz Z iƒcvš i Ki Z cv i - MwYZ K v m wk v_ x K A vevkvm e envi Ki Z w`b - cö qvr b GKwU K v mu ikw v i Avcbvi cvv`vb ikw Ki b hme wk v_ xi wjl Z wm q mgm v nq Zv `i K cö qvrbxq Z_ AwWI U ci gva g mieivn Ki b KLbI KLbI we kl wk vi jvb eªwi Z Kvb wbw` ó eb qi ikw K Z msi Y ev AwWI Uc cviqv hvq eyw cöwzewüzv mg cöwzewüzvi gv S GwU ewk `Lv hvq G mgm vwu evsv Z Av iv hme cwifvlv e eüz nq m jv nj wekvkg~jk cöwzewüzv, gvbwmk evavmö ev wklb cöwzewüzv G ai bi cöwzewüzv wkïi me ai bi wekvk K evavmö K i Gi d j wkïi kvixwik eyw, fvlvávb, wb Ri cöwz Lqvj Ges wk vwelqk Dbœqb aximwz Z nq Giv mvaviyz Zxeª ev GKvwaK cöwzewüzvq Avµvš wkï ejv nq G `i cöwzewüzvi e vcv i A bk mgq Kvb kvixwik KviY Lyu R cviqv hvq bv wk KMY hv Ki Z cv ibñ kªyxk Dc hvmx ev Awf hvrb Kiv: h me wk Ki eyw cöwzeüx wk v_ x `i I wklb mgm vmö wk v_ x `i m ½ KvR Kivi AwfÁZv Av Q Zv `i civgk nj: - g bv hvm bókvix cwi ek cwinvi Ki b W ev Lvevi Uwej cwi vi ivlyb - hme wkï Pviw` K Qz U eov Z Af Zv `i `qv ji cv k Ges eo wk v_ x `i m ½ em Z w`b Zv `i K Ggb Kvb Kv R wb qvwrz Ki eb hvi Rb Zv `i Pjv div Ki Z nq Ges Kvb weiw³i m wó bv K i; hgb: KvMR, LvZv, bvueyk I Ab vb `ªe vw` mkj K weziy Kiv 88 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

91 - Póv Ki b Ggb GKRb ^ Qv mek K Kv R jvmv Z n e, h mßv ni Kvb GKwU wbw` ó w` b cöwzwu wk v_ x K (Iqvb Uz Iqvb mnvh Ki e, Avevi ^ Qv mek K Avcwb K v mi Ab vb wk v_ xi m ½ KvR Ki Z ej Z cv ib) wk Y KŠkj - ïay gy L ejvi P q wk v_ x K wb R K i `Lvb h Avcwb wk v_ xi KvQ _ K wvk wk Pv Qb - hlb Kvb wkqz Ki Z ej eb ZLb Zv mnr fvlvq ejyb - KvM R Kj g wkqz Kivi P q ev e Kvb DcKiY w`b hv Z m Zv úk ev Abyfe K i wk v_ xi AwfÁZv I `bw `b Rxe bi m ½ Avcbvi cvv K m ú ³ Ki b - Kvb KvR ïi K i GKev ib Zv kl Ki b KvRwU KLb kl nj I bzzb KvR KLb ïi nj A_ vr ïi I kl mgqwu wk v_ xi Kv Q cwi vi Ki b - wk v_ x Kv R mdj n j Zv K h _ó cöksmv Ki b I cö qvrbxq Drmvn w`b - wk v_ xi cwiev ii Kvb m`m ZvwjKvfy³ Ki b whwb wkï K evwo Z evwoi Kv R Ges K v m hv cov bv n q Q Zv Abykxj b mvnvh Ki eb - wk v_ x K Zvi Ggb Kvb mncvvxi m ½ eüzz Ki Z w`b h Zvi Pvwn`vi cöwz Lqvj ivl e Ges K v mi Kv R mnvqzv Ki e - wkï Avcbvi g bv hvm AvKl Y Kivi Rb Kvb ai bi AcÖZ vwkz AvPiY Ki j Zvi cöwz Kvb Ae njv bv K i ïay fvj AvPi Yi Rb cöksmv Ki b mwieªvj cjwm G Ae vq ewkifvm mgq gw i mb Ask msµvš nq hv nvz, cv ev gylgê ji cwki mâvj bi Rb `vqx Gi d j GB A½ AZ š wkw_j A_ev k³ nq mwieªvj cjwm Z Avµvš wkïi gv_v Ges gylgê ji cwkmg~n wbqš Y Amyweavi Kvi Y K_v ej Z Amyweav nq wk Kiv hv Ki Z cv ib- kªyxk Dc hvmx ev Awf hvrb Kiv: hme wkïi g `y ai bi mwieªvj cjwm Av Q Zvnv `i c kªyxk Zgb Kvb Av qvrb bv Ki ji Pj e Z e AwaK gvîvq wkïi Rb hv Ki Z n e Zv nj: - emvi mgq Zv `i gv_v Ges kixi mvrv ivlvi Rb we kl e e v Kiv wk Y KŠkj - Dc iv³ civgk mwieªvj cjwm wk v_ x `i Î cö qvm Kiv h Z cv i we kl K i, hw` Zvi K_v cwi vi bv evsv hvq Z e Zvi m ½ hvmv hv Mi wekí Dcvq D veb Ki b AwURg - 12 gvm eqm ch š Kvb ai bi e vewjs, wb ` kbv, A_ev g b Ki Z cv i bv - 16 gvm eqm ch š Kvb kã Ki Z cv i bv GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 89

92 - 24 gvm eqm ch š `ywu kã avivevwnkfv e ej Z cv i bv - h Kvb eq m fvlvmz I mvgvwrk ` Zv nviv Z cv i hvmv hvm - K_v e j bv A_ev Lye Kg K_v e j - hme K_v Av M ej Z cviz h KvbI mgq Zv fy j h Z cv i - mvaviy Pvwn`v cökvk Ki Z cv i bv - kãávb Lye Kg n q _v K - bvg a i e `Lv Z cv i bv - GKwU kã evievi ej Z _v K - cö kœvë i mgm v nq mvgvwrk ` Zv - gvbyl Ges e i cöwz Lye xy Pv Li `k b - Lj Z cv i bv - h welqwu cv i I Rv b Zvi cöwz evievi AvMÖn cökvk K i - eüz `i mv _ mgm v K i - Kvb KviY QvovB h Kvb mgq Kuv`v, i M hviqv, weiw³ cökvk Kiv, A_ev nvmv - úk Kiv AcQ ` K i Av kcv ki kã m ú K cöwzwµqv - wbr ^ DÏxcbvq bovpov K i - Av kcv ki wkïiv hv Ki Q m m ú K Kvb ai bi g bv hvm _v K bv - Kv Ri i wub cwiez b Ki j mgm v nq - e K wvkgz e envi K i bv - e i cöwz AcÖ qvrbxq g bv hvm - mwz Kv ii wec` m ú K fxwz _v K bv - A bk wel qi cöwz ms e`bkxj A_ev úk Kiv, Av jv, kã BZ vw`i cöwz ms e`bkxj ( AwZ Zxeª kã AcQ ` A_ev AwaK k ãb mvov `q hv Abyf~wZi wek Ljvi Rb n q _v K ) - Lv` vfv mi Î ïay evqvbk Z Lv` B L Z Pvq, Ab Lvevi L Z Pvq bv - Nygv bvi Î mgm v n q _v K 90 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

93

94 Awa ekb 1: mkj wkï K Aš fy ³ Ki b D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - mkj wkï K Kxfv e köyx Kvh µ gi mv _ Aš fy ³ Kiv hvq Zv ej Z cvi eb - wkï `i g a m úk Dbœq b KvR Ki Z cvi eb - cövwš K wkï `i cöwz Ab vb wkï `i bwzevpk g bvfve Kxfv e cökwgz Kiv hvq Zv ej Z cvi eb mgq 1 NÈv 15 wgwbu DcKiY wd c PvU, gvk vi, Kvco, `wo, gvwëwgwwqv c wz ivj c-/awfbq, Dc vcbv, eyw gëv hvpvb cöwµqv AskMÖnYKvix `i Awa ek b Avgš Y Rvbvb, Awa ek bi welq I D Ïk m ú K AewnZ Ki b Ges GB Awa ek bi KvR m ú K cwi vi aviyv cö`vb Ki b Awa ek b cö ek Kivi c~ e welqe wb q ms c Av jvpbv Ki b Kxfv e mkj wkï K wk vi AvIZvq Avbv hvq Zv wb q Av jvpbv Ki b köyxk Ab vb wk v_ xiv cöwzeüx wksev cövwš K wkï `i mv _ Kxfv e e envi Ki e Zv evsv bvi Rb AskMÖnYKvix `i K ivj c-õ Z m ú ³ Ki b wb œ cö`ë ivj c-õmg~n AskMÖnYKvix `i w` q Kivb AskMÖnYKvix `i cökœ Ki b, ivj c-õi gva g Zviv Kx Abyaveb Ki Z c i Q? AskMÖnYKvix `i ejyb, wewfbœ wkïi Pvwn`v wfbœ wfbœ n q _v K Ges mkj Pvwn`v K mbv³ki Yi gva g mkj wkï K Aš fy ³KiY I AskMÖnY Kivi my hvm w` Z n e Gi mv _ AviI mkj wkïib Kvb bv Kvb cöwzeükzv _vk e wkš Zv K wk vi mv _ m ú ³ Kiv GKxf~Z wk vi c~e kz 92 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

95 ivj c- 1: ` wó cöwzeüx mgq: 20 wgwbu 1. cö Z K K GKwU K i KvMR w`b Ges Gi gv S Kjg ev cbwmj w` q GwU wq`ª Ki Z ejyb 2. mkj K GB KvMRwU Pv Li mvg b ai Z ejyb GLb Zviv ïay GKwU QvU wq`ª w` q `L Q 3. ev W i Av M _ KB h Kvb wel qi Dci `yb jvbb wj L ivlyb jlvmg~n Zv `i K LvZvq wjl Z ejyb 4. `yb Rb K ev W 5 wgwb Ui Rb wjl Z w`b 5. mk ji AwfÁZvi K_v wr Ám Ki b 6. Zv `i K ejyb, GB ivj c-õi gva g GKRb cök Z ` wó cöwzeüx h cöwzeükzvi wkkvi nq Zv Dcjwä Kivi Rb Awfbq Kiv n q Q ivj c- 2: wklb/eyw cöwzeükzv mgq: 20 wgwbu 1. cöwzwu MÖ c K GK UzK iv K i KvMR wb Z ejyb 2. AskMÖnYKvix `i K ejyb, mzk Zvi mwnz wb ` kbv kvbvi Rb 3. bx Pi wb ` kbv jv cö`vb Ki b wb ` kbvmg~n `ª ZZvi mv _ co b wb ` kbvmg~n wiwcu Kiv hv e bv GKwU wb ` kbv cö`vb Kivi ci g b g b GK, `yb, wzb MYbv Ki b Ges mv _ mv _ ciez x wb ` kbv cö`vb Ki b - KvM Ri bx Pi w` Ki evg Kb v i Avcbvi WvK bvgwu wjlyb Ges Avcbvi Ab bvgwu Ic ii w` Ki Wvb Kb v i wjlyb - KvM Ri bx Pi w` Ki gvslv b Avcbvi eqm wjlyb - Avcbvi eqm K `yb w` q fvm Ki b Ges cövß eqm Ic ii w` Ki evg Kb v i wjlyb - KvM Ri gvslv b AvUwU e Ë A¼b Ki b - wøzxq, PZz_ I mßg e Ëi gv S GKwU K i wîfyr A¼b Ki b - cö_g, lô e Ë GKwU K i µm wpý w`b Ges Avcbvi Kjg bvwg q ivlyb - Avcbvi KvMRwU ciez x AskMÖnYKvixi mv _ wewbgq Ki b Ges m Avcbv K g~j vqb Ki e - cybivq wb ` kbv ïbyb cöwzwu fyj DË ii Rb 5 b ^i we qvm Ki b - (cöwk K cybivq wb ` kbv cvv Ki Qb Z e Gevi A bk axi MwZ Z co Qb) - fyj DË ii Rb 100 b ^i _ K we qvm Ki b Ges vi ccv i wjlyb - Gevi cö Z Ki KvMR wdwi q w`b GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 93

96 4. cöwk Yv_ x `i Kv Q AwfÁZv wr Ám Ki b 5. Zv `i K ejyb, GB ivj c-õi gva g GKRb cök Z wklb cöwzeüx Ges eyw cöwzeüx wkï h cöwzeükzvi wkkvi nq Zv Dcjwä Kivi Rb Awfbq Kiv n q Q ivj c- 3: kvixwik cöwzeükzv mgq: 20 wgwbu bvu: GB ivj c- Kivi Rb Kvb GKR bi ` ni A½ euvavi Rb wkqz `wo Ges `yõwu jvwv cö qvrb n e 1. Pvi _ K cuvprb fjvw Uqvi K mvg b Avmvi Rb ejyb 2. fjvw Uqvi `i K cöwzeüx wn m e Dc vc bi Rb `wo w` q euva Z n e - `yõrb fjvw Uqvi K cqb w` q `wo w` q Ggbfv e euva Z n e hv Z Zv `i nvz KvUv c o Q Ggb evsvq - `yõrb fjvw Uqv ii cv Ggbfv e euva Z n e hb Zv `i GKwU cuv wenxb g b nq - `yõrb fjvw Uqv ii cqb w`k w` q GKwU jvwv w` q `ywu nvz Zvi Ici DwV q `wo w` q eu a w`b hv Z Zv `i nvz Pjbnxb g b nq 3. cöwz fjvw Uqvi K eb fwz GKwU e vm w`b ( g S Z ivl Z n e) 4. fjvw Uqvi `i ejyb, Avcbv `i D Ï k wkqz wb ` kbv cö`vb Kiv n Q hv Avcbv `i K cvjb Ki Z n e G jv nj: - e vmwu Zz j wbb - Avcbviv GKR bi ci GKRb kªyxk i evb i P j hvb Ges c i Avevi fz i cö ek Ki b cqb w`k w` q `irv eü K i w`b - Avcbvi W emyb - Avcbvi eb nv Z wbb - (ïay hv `i nvz I cv bb Zviv): `uvovb Ges eb jv kªyxk i AskMÖnYKvix `i nv Z cš Q w`b - (ïay hv `i nvz Pjb gzv bb): mvg b Avmyb Ges Avcbvi bvg, Rb vb Ges RvZxqZv ev W wjlyb 6. fjvw Uqvi `i K Zv `i AwfÁZv ey bv Ki Z ejyb ivj c-õi gva g AskMÖnYKvixMY cöwzeüx wkï `i cöwzeükzv Dcjwä Ki Z cvi e Ges Gi d j cöwzeüx wkï `i cöwz mk ji bwzevpk g bvfve `~i n e 94 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

97 mnvqk Z_ mevb K Aš fy ³ Kiv GKxf~Z wk vi i Z wbwnz i q Q wk v_ x `i cvi úwik AwfÁZv wewbg qi g a wk K `i DwPZ GB GK Î KvR K DrmvwnZ Kiv, Kbbv AwfÁZv _ K `Lv hvq h we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wk v_ xiv K v m ev z j cövqkb GKv n q c o - GKRb wk Ki KiYxq n Q, K v mi me wk v_ x `i cöwzewüzvi welq jv AewnZ Kiv, hgb: Kb wkï K_v ej Z cv i bv, Kb wfbœ AvPiY K i BZ vw` welq I Gi KviY m ú K Ab vb wk v_ x `i eyws q w` Z n e - Zv `i wfbœzv K ^xk wz ev m vb w` Z n e wk v_ xiv Kxfv e Zv `i mncvvx `i mv _ gjv gkv K i Zv Zv `i K ei Ki Z w`b AwffveK-wk K mfvq GKBfv e wk Ki KvR Kiv cö qvrb - GKxf~Z wk vi me P q eo evav n Q bwzevpk g bvfve wkïiv mvaviyzt Ab Kvb wkï `L Z Avjv`v n j ev Zv `i AvPiY A ^vfvwek n j Zvi mv _ wgk Z Af bq Ab vb wk v_ x `i evev-gv qivi cöwzeüx wk v_ x K wbqwgz ev mvaviy K v m Aš fy ³ Ki j wk vi gvb K g hv e e j DwØMœ n q I Vb G Î mvaviy wk v_ x I Zv `i evev gv Ges Ab vb wk K `i D ØM K cökwgz Ki Z, Zv `i g a cöwzeüx wkïi cöwz BwZevPK g bvfve ˆZwi Z wk K K we kl f~wgkv cvjb Ki Z n e - hme wk v_ xiv Kvb mnvqk DcKiY, hgb: kªeyhš e envi K i, Zviv K v m G jv Kxfv e e envi Ki Z nq Zv mncvvx `i Rvbv Z cv i - Ab vb mncvvx `i we kl wklb Pvwn`vm úbœ mncvvxi m ½ eüzz Ki Z ejyb Zviv hv Z GK m ½ Ljv I KvRKg K i Zv wbwðz Ki b KviY GwU Zv `i mvgvwrk Aš fy w³i Rb we kl Ri wi Zviv cöwzeüx eüz `i Uq ju e envi Ki Z, GK K vm _ K Av ik K v m PjvP j ev weiwzi mgq bvbvfv e mnvqzv Ki Z cv i - K v m GK wk v_ x hv Z Av ik wk v_ x K wk v`v b mnvqzv Ki Z cv i m ikg my hvm ˆZwi Ki b wk v_ xiv hv Z axi wk v_ x K `ª Z wkl b mnvqzv Ki Z cv i Ges we kl wk v_ xiv z ji Kv R mv_ Kfv e Ae`vb ivl Z cv i Zv wbwðz Ki b G Z Zviv Ac ii Ici wbf ikxj ev evsv wn m e we ewpz n e bv - wkqz wk vg~jk Ljv ˆZwi Ki b hv Z wk v_ xiv GK Î K v m Lj Z cv i cvv I msl vi ` Zv G Ljvq we kl mnvqk n Z cv i - K v mi KvR hb mevb GKUv `j wn m e kl Ki Z cv i Zvi e e v Ki b G Z mevb K v mi Kv R mgvbfv e AskMÖnY Ki Z cvi e Ges Zv kl Ki Z cvivi K wz Z Z ß n Z cvi e - we kl wk v_ xiv Kxfv e Ljvq Ask wb Z cv i m wel q fveyb, hgb: GKRb ` wónxb wk v_ xi m ½ GKRb ^vfvwek ` wóm úbœ wk v_ xi `Šo cöwz hvwmzvq AskMÖnY A_ev PvL euvav Ae vq mevb GK Î Lj Z cv i BZ vw` ai bi Ljv - z ji mvs wzk Kvh µg, hgb: bvp, Mvb, ev bvu Ki Abyôv b AskMÖn Yi gva g hv Z me wk v_ x Zv `i myß cöwzfvi wekvk NUv Z cv i Zvi e e v Ki b Ges G e cv i me wk v_ x K DrmvwnZ Ki b GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 95

98 - z ji Ab vb Kvh µg, hgb: cwi vi cwi QbœZv, ivbœv Kiv ev K vm gwbuwis BZ vw` Kv R me wk v_ x K wb qvwrz Ki b - hw` me wk v_ x weiwzi mgq wg jwg k Ljva~jv K i wksev KLbI ^ZtcÖe Ë n q Avcbv K Rvbvq Zviv G K Ac ii evwo Z wbqwgz eov Z hvq Z e Zv wbtm ` n mylei 96 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

99 Awa ekb 2: hvmv hvm D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - hvmv hv Mi aib jv R b m Abyhvqx hvmv hvm Ki Z m g n eb - hvmv hv Mi Î evav jv mbv³ Ki Z cvi eb - mwvk hvmv hv Mi gva g wkï `i gvkv ejv Kivi ` Zv e w cv e - mwvkfv e ejvi i Z eys Z cvi eb - g bv hvm mnkv i kvbvi i Z ey S Zv Kv R jvmv Z cvi eb mgq 1 NÈv DcKiY wd c PvU, gvk vi, Pqvi c wz gy³ Av jvpbv, ivj c-, -vbw Dc vcbv cöwµqv avc 1 AskMÖnYKvix `i Awa ek b Avgš Y Rvbvb, Awa ek bi welq I D Ïk ejyb Ges 6 Rb AskMÖnYKvix K c~ e _ K mvwr q ivlv 6wU Pqv i em Z ejyb hviv Pqv i e m Av Qb Zv `i D Ï k ejyb evsjv `k mikvi 5 KvwU UvKv w` q Q wkï `i Dbœq bi Rb GLb Avcbviv wvk Ki b GB UvKv Kxfv e Kv R jvmv eb cuvp wgwbu Av jvpbvi ci mnvqk we kl NvlYv ` eb mikvi e`j n q Q bzzb mikvi cuvp KvwU UvKvi cwie Z GK KvwU UvKv ` e wkï `i Dbœq bi Rb GLb Avcbviv wvk Ki b GB UvKv Kxfv e Kv R jvmv eb 5 wgwbu Av jvpbvi ci mnvqk mevb K _vwg q w`b Gevi h 6 Rb ivj c-õ Z AskMÖnY K iwqj Zv `i Kv Q Rvb Z Pvb hviv K_v ej Z cvi jb Zv `i Abyf~wZ wk Ges hviv Kg K_v e j Qb Zv `i Abyf~wZ wk I hviv K_v ej Z cvi jb bv Zv `i Abyf~wZ wk GK GK K i mevi Abyf~wZ ïbyb GKBfv e hviv eo ` j e m ivj c- ` L Qb Zv `i AwfÁZv I Abyf~wZ kqvi Ki Z ejyb GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 97

100 `yb MÖ ci m ve Abyf~wZ jv Ggb n Z cv i - GKRb wb R _ KB `j bzv e b M Q - `j bzv wb RB ewk K_v e j Q Ges mgq ewk wb q Q - `j bzv wb RB wb Ri wm vš wb q Q - KD KD wb R K wu q wb q Q - A b K Avevi gvwb q bevi Póv K i Q - `yõgkrb wb R K m ú~y cökvk Ki Z cv iwb - `yõgkrb weiw³ cökvk K i Q mk ji D Ï k ejyb Avgiv GZ Y ivj c- `Ljvg Ges Zvi Ici Av jvpbv Kijvg G _ K evsv hvq h hvmv hv Mi 4wU aib Av Q 1. A v Mªwmf/AvMÖvmx hvmv hvm, 2. A vmvwu f hvmv hvm, 3. c vwmf/wbw Œq hvmv hvm, 4. c vwmf A v MÖwmf/wbw Œq AvMÖvmx hvmv hvm avc 2 Gevi mnvqk AskMÖnYKvix `i D Ïk ejyb GZ Y Avgiv hvmv hv Mi aib jv wb q Av jvpbv Kijvg GLb Avgiv Av jvpbv Kie hvmv hv Mi Î h fyj jv n q _v K mb welq wb q Gici 2 Rb K i AskMÖnYKvix K Rvov euva Z mn hvwmzv Ki b Gevi cöwzwu Rvov K (wcvvwcwv) D ëvw` K gyl w` q Pqv i e m ci ú ii mv _ K_v ej Z ejyb cö qvr b Pqvi jv mvrv Z mn hvwmzv Ki b cöwzwu Rvov K K_v ejvi mgq w`b 2 wgwbu Gici GK GK K i cöwzwu Rvovi K_v ïbyb hvmv hv Mi Î Kvb mgm v n qwq jv wk bv Zv Rvb Z Pvb GK GK K i mevi Abyf~wZ ïbyb mk ji D Ï k ejyb Avgiv GZ Y ivj c- `Ljvg Ges Zvi Ici Av jvpbv Kijvg G _ K evsv hvq h hvmv hv Mi Î wewfbœ Kvi Y mvaviyz wkqz fyj n q _v K Gevi mnvqk bv U `qv hvmv hv Mi Î evav jv ev fy ji KviY jv wb q we vwiz Av jvpbv Ki b avc 3 AskMÖnYKvix `i D Ïk ejyb GZ Y Avgiv hvmv hv Mi Î evav jv ev fy ji KviY jv wb q we vwiz Av jvpbv Kijvg GLb Avgiv Av jvpbv Kie Kvh Ki hvmv hvm wb q Gevi cöwzwu Rvov K gy LvgywLfv e Pqv i e m ci ú ii mv _ K_v ej Z ejyb cö qvr b Pqvi jv mvrv Z mn hvwmzv Ki b cöwzwu Rvov K K_v ejvi mgq w`b 3 wgwbu hvmv hv Mi Î Gevi wk myweav ev Amyweav n qwq jv wk bv Zv Rvb Z Pvb GK GK K i cöwzwu Rvovi K_v ïbyb (m ve DËi jv n Z cv i: gy LvgywL e m K_v ej Z myweav n q Q, KviY ci ú ii gyl, gy Li fw½ `Lv wm q Q, Zv Z K i K_v ej Z myweav n q Q) Gevi mnvqk bv U `qv Kvh Ki hvmv hvm wb q we vwiz Av jvpbv Ki b Gici ejyb Avgiv hlb Kvb Z_ `e ev h Kvb wel q hvmv hvm Kie, we kl K i wkï `i mv _, ZLb Avgv `i LyeB mzk _vk Z n e, Avgiv h Z_ `e Zv hb mwvkfv e w` Z cvwi Ges evsv Z cvwi AskMÖnYKvix `i ab ev` w` q ciezx Awa ek b ^Ztù~Z I mwµq AskMÖn Yi Aby iva Rvwb q kl Ki b 98 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

101 mnvqk Z_ hvmv hv Mi PviwU aib 1. A v MÖwmf/AvMÖvmx hvmv hvm: gvbyl hlb i M hvq ev Kvb Kvi Y w ß nq ZLb A v MÖwmf/AvMÖvmx hvmv hvm K i Z e KLbI KLbI `ª Z wm vš biqvi Î GB ai bi hvmv hvm Kiv n q _v K (eb v ev R jv Q vm A_ vr `y hv MKvjxb mg q) 2. A vmvwu f hvmv hvm: axi w ifv e ey S ï b mk ji gzvg Zi wfwë Z fv jv g ` we epbv K i GB hvmv hvm Kiv nq GLv b mevb mwµqfv e Ask bq hvmv hv Mi Rb GUvB fvj Dcvq 3. c vwmf/wbw Œq hvmv hvm: PzcPvc _ K Kó c qi H mg q g b bqv, ciez x Z my hvm ey S Dchy³ c` c bqv 4. c vwmf A v MÖwmf/wbw Œq AvMÖvmx hvmv hvm: PzcPvc _ K Kó c q fz i fz i v f D ËwRZ n q GK ch v q wb Ri wm vš Rvwb q `qv hme Kvi Y mvaviyz hvmv hv Mi Î fy ji m ebv _v K - kªvzv Ab gb - mywbw` ó K i ejv nqwb - wbw` ó NUbv bv e j Zz Q welq jv K cövavb `qv - gzvg Zi i Z bv `Iqv - Pvwc q `qv - Av e M Avc-yZ _vkv - vb-kvj wepvi bv K i ejv - wb Ri gz K i ejv - fq `wl q ejv - AvMÖvmx g bvfve wb q ejv - `vlv ivc K i ejv - wepvig~jk g bvfve - g bv hvm AvKl Y bv K i ejv - `ª Z ejv gvbyl wewfbœfv e hvmv hvm K i _v K hvmv hv Mi Rb ïay GKwUgvÎ Dcvq e envi K i bv hvmv hv Mi Î GKRb wk K K h welq jv j Kiv Ri wi - we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkï _vk j Zvi Rb Zvi Dc hvmx e e v wb q hvmv hvm Ki b ( hgb: kªey cöwzeüx `i Rb vbxq Bkviv fvlv Ges wd½vi új) - hvi mv _ hvmv hvm Ki Z Pvb Zvi g bv hvm AvKl Y K i ejv GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 99

102 - hvmv hv Mi mgq wk K K Ggbfv e mvg b `uvov Z ev em Z nq hb mevb Zv K `L Z cvq GRb hzuv m e `uvwo q hvmv hvm Kiv fv jv - cö qvr b mwvk A½fw½i e envi ( Pv Li w` K ZvwK q, gykvwfbq, gv_v b o BZ vw`) - hvmv hvmkvix hlb Lywk nb ev wei³ nb ev nzevk nb ZLb Zv ejv Ges ejvi mv _ mv _ gy Li Awfe w³ w` qi Zv cökvk Kiv - mwvk wb ` kbv `qv (eb qi Ici Zvgvi bvg jl) - mywbw`ó cökœ Kiv (ˆekvL gv mi c i Kvb gvm) - hvmv hv Mi mgq ˆah aiv - úó D Pvi Y, mnr mij fvlvq GKUz Rv i, Z e wprkvi bv K i, mwvkfv e ejv - hvmv hv Mi mgq QvU QvU ev K K_v ejv Ges mnr kã e envi Kiv - gšwlk hvmv hvm Kvh Ki Kivi Rb cö qvr b Qwe, jlv, Wªwqs e envi Kiv - i Z c~y Z_ K qkevi cybive wë Kiv - mwvk msev` ev Z_ `qv - Z_ `qv ev bqvi mgq Av em wbqš Y ivlv - cö qvr b cökœ Kiv, e³ e i A_ bv eys j cybivq my `ifv e evsv bv - hvmv hv Mi Rb mwvk gva g e envi Kiv - hvmv hv Mi Rb mwvk mg qi e envi wkï `i K wk v`v bi mgq Kvh Ki hvmv hv Mi Rb 4wU welq gv_vq ivlv 1. wkïi g bv hvm AvKl Y K i ejv 2. KvRwU Dc vcb Kiv 3. wkïi AMÖMwZ ch e Y Kiv 4. KvR k l wdwe vk wb q cö qvr b cybivq ejv 100 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

103 Awa ekb 3: kªyxk e e vcbv D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - Kxfv e GKwU kªªyxk wbqš Y i L my `ifv e cvv cwipvjbv Ki Z nq Zv ej Z cvi eb mgq DcKiY c wz 1 N Uv 2wU Bqvi dvb, 2 Rvov Kvj Pkgv, 2/3wU Qov/PvU /g vc, Quov KvMR ivj c-, gy³ Av jvpbv, e³ Zv cöwµqv 2wU cv v i 2wU Qov wj L Awa ekb ïi niqvi Av MB AskMÖnYKvix `i A MvP i cöwk Y K i Iqv j GKwU DuPz Z Ges GKwU bxpz Z hv Z `Lv hvq Ggb RvqMvq jvwm q ivlyb AskMÖnYKvix `i ï f Qv Rvwb q Awa ek b cö ek Ki b Zv `i ga _ K mvnmx Ges Avcbv K mn hvwmzv Ki Z AvMÖnx Ggb 2 Rb K mvg b Avm Z ejyb 2 Rb K ejyb Iqv j jvmv bv H Qov 2wU cov Z n e K KvbwU cov eb Zv wbav iy Ki Z ejyb cö Z bqvi Rb 5 wgwbu mgq w`b Ges cöwk Y K i evb i cvwv q w`b Gevi cöwk Y K i Pqvi jv mvg b- cq b K i G jv g jv K i mvrvb K i ewki fvm jvbu Ad K i w`b hv Z wkqzuv Av jvi ^ízv `Lv hvq wkqz Quov KvMR gywv cvwk q kªyxk i g a Qwo q ivlyb AskMÖnYKvix `i ga _ K hviv gv Si w` K e m Qb Zv `i GKRb K GKwU Bqvi dvb Ges Ab Av ikrb K GKwU Kv jv Pkgv cwi q w`b cq bi mvwi ZI 2 Rb K GKBfv e cwi q w`b H 4 Rb K h_vµ g ` wó I köey cöwzeüx Ges Ab Av ikrb K eyw cöwzeüx wkïi ivj c- Ki Z ejyb mevb K ejyb, GLb Avgiv GKwU kªyxk wkï `i fywgkvq Awfbq Kie cvkvcvwk wk K cvv`vb Ki Z wm q köyxk e e vcbvq wk wk fvj K i Q, Kvb Kvb welq ev` c o Q, wk Ki j AviI fvj Kiv hz, m jv LvZvq wj L ivl Z ejyb e j w`b K vm PjvKvjxb mg q wkïi Awfbq Qvov wk K K Kvb K_v e j `qv hv e bv kªyxk mvrv bv n j evb ii `yrb K W K Avbyb cvv Dc vc bi Rb cöwz Rb K 10 wgwbu K i mgq w`b Dc vcb k l mk ji KvQ _ K wdwe vk ïbyb Avcwb kªyxk mvrv Z wm q wk wk K iwq jb, Kb K iwq jb Zv e vl v Ki b mnvqk Z _ i Av jv K wdwe vk jv mvims c K i mgš^q Ki b wbr wbr kªyxk Avgiv hb G welq jv c~iy Ki Z cvwi m Avkv e ³ K i, ^Ztù Z AskMÖn Yi Rb mkj K ab ev` Rvwb q Awa ekb kl Ki b GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 101

104 mnvqk Z_ kªyxk e e vcbv kªyxk i Avmb e e v wk v_ xi wklb mnvqk ev cöwzeük DfqB n Z cv i A bk wk K nqz B Qv _vkv m Ë I cö qvrbvbymv i kªyxk i Avmb e e v web vm ev cwiez b Ki Z cv ib bv m Î wk KMY hv Ki Z cv ib- - we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wk v_ x `i ev W i ev wk Ki KvQvKvwQ emv bv - kªey cöwzeüx wkïiv kvbvi hš wvkgz Kv b jvwm q Q wkbv cix v K i ` L bqv - kªyxk Avmb e e v Ggb niqv DwPZ hv Z wk v_ xiv kªyxk mv Q ` PjvPjv Ki Z cv i we klzt kvixwik ev ` wó cöwzeüx wk v_ x `i K_v f e cwi ek ˆZwi Ki b Ggbfv e Av jvi e e v Ki b hv Z hme wk v_ xi AwZwi³ Av jvi cö qvrb nq Ges hme wk v_ xi PvL Av jvi cöwz ms e`kxj Df qib Av jvi Pvwn`v my `ifv e c~iy nq - wk v_ x `i eâ ev Uwej Ggbfv e emv Z n e hv Z Zviv GK Î KvR Ki Z cv i Ges G K Aci K cö qvr b mvnvh Ki Z cv i - hw` RvqMv nq, kªyxk i fzi GKcv k GKwU vb wbe vpb Ki b hlv b Avcwb cö qvrbgz wkqz wk v_ x K wb q ^í mg qi Rb Avjv`vfv e em Z cv ib Ges Zv `i K e w³mzfv e ev GKK c wz Z (Iqvb-Uz-Iqvb) ev QvU ` j e m wk v`vb Ki Z cv ib - hw` wkqz wk v_ x Ab vb wk v_ x `i Av M Zv `i KvR kl K i Z e Zv `i Rb bzzb Kvb Kv Ri K_v f e ivlyb n Z cv i GKwU QvU cvvvmvi, Kvb wk vg~jk Abykxjb ev Ljv BZ vw` - Lye DuPz Z Kvb cv vi, PvU ev Qwe bv jvwm q wk v_ xi ` wói mgvb D PZvq `qv j ev eovi Mv q jvmvb eo K i wjlyb, eo Qwe ev cözxk e envi Ki b hv Z wk v_ xiv mn RB `L Z I eys Z cv i hme wk v_ xi ` wó mgm v i q Q Zv `i Rb ev e DcKiY ev úk hvm Qwe ev cözxk e envi Ki b - A bk mgq kªyxk i evb i wklb Lye Kvh Ki nq, hgb: Kxfv e evrvi Ki Z nq Zv kªyxk Awfbq K i bv `wl q my hvm n j Zv `i K mwz mwz B evrv i wb q wm q ev e Ae v cwi`k bi e e v Ki Z cv ib Zgwb Dw `we` v ev cövwywe` v evsv Z wk v_ x `i Kvb bvm vwi ev dv g wdì wuª c wb q h Z cv ib - Z e hme wk v_ xi kªey I ` wórwbz mgm v i q Q Zv `i K kªyxk i evb i K vm bqv n j Zviv mgm vq co Z cv i 102 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

105 Awa ekb 4: cvv cwikíbv D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - cvv cwikíbv wk Zv ej Z cvi eb - cvv cwikíbvi cö qvrbxqzv e vl v Ki Z cvi eb - cvv cwikíbvq mvaviyz wk wk welq _v K Zv wpwýz Ki Z cvi eb mgq 40 wgwbu DcKiY wd c PvU, gvk vi, wfc KvW, wmm bpvi cb, ˆZwi -vbw c wz cö kœvëi, eªbb wg s, -vbw Dc vcb cöwµqv AskMÖnYKvix `i ï f Qv Rvwb q Awa ekb ïi Ki b Avcwb GB Awa ek b wk wb q Av jvpbv Ki Z Pvb Zv ejyb Ges wel qi D Ïk m ú K AskMÖnYKvix `i cwi vi aviyv w`b hviv cvv cwikíbv ˆZwi K i cvv `vb K ib Zv `i K nvz Zzj Z ejyb Ges ab ev` w`b - cvv cwikíbv ej Z Avgiv mvaviyzt Kx eyws? cökœwu Ki b Ges 2/3 R bi KvQ _ K DËi kybyb ab ev` w`b mnvqk Z _ i Av jv K welqwu cwi vi Ki b - Gici Rvb Z Pvb, cvv cwikíbvq g~jz wk wk welq _v K DËi jv ch vqµ g wd c Pv U wjlyb Ges cöwzwu welq wb q msw ß Av jvpbv Ki b Gevi AskMÖnYKvix `i RywU eu a w`b cö Z K RywU K 1wU K i wfc KvW I wmm bpvi cb mieivn Ki b cvv cwikíbv Ki j Avgv `i wk wk myweav nq Zv wb q RywU Z Av jvpbv K i wfc Kv W wjl Z ejyb cö Z K RywU K (AvbKgb welq jv) Dc vcb Ki Z ejyb ab ev` w`b, wfc KvW jv msmön Ki b Ges ev W jvwm q w`b -vbw cö`k b Ki b cvv cwikíbv bv Ki j Avgiv wk wk Amyweavq co Z cvwi Zv Av jvpbvmn Gi cö qvrbxqzv e vl v Ki b mkj K cvv cwikíbv ˆZwi K i cvv`v b DØy Ki b my `ifv e AskMÖn Yi Rb ab ev` Rvwb q Awa ekb kl Ki b GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 103

106 cvv cwikíbv 1 köyx: welq: gvu wk v_ x msl v: Dcw Z wk v_ x: wk Ki bvg: wel qi bvg AvR Ki cvv cv Vi D Ïk wk K-wkw Kvi KvR/cÖwµqv DcKiY g~j vqb evwoi KvR cvv cwikíbv cwikíbv 2 köyx: cv Vi wk ivbvg: welq: eb qi c ôv b ^i: ZvwiL: DcKiY: cv Vi wbw` ó Ask c~e ez x cv Vi cybiv jvpbv: AvR Ki cv Vi D Ïk : cv Vi avc/cöwµqv: cv Vi g~j vqb: evwoi KvR: AvR Ki cv Vi djvdj: cöyqbkvix mz vqbkvix 104 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

107 mnvqk Z_ cvv cwikíbv Kivi we ep welqmg~n GUv AwaK ^xk Z h, cvv cwikíbv wk Y K AwaK Kvh Ki K i Zv j wb gœ cvv cwikíbv wb q we vwiz Av jvpbv Kiv nj: - cvv cwikíbv ˆZwi Kivi mgq Avcwb e w³-wk v_ x I mg K v mi Rb h D Ïk wba viy K i Qb Zv gv_vq ivlyb Avcbvi e w³mz cwikíbv G Î Avcbv K mnvqzv Ki e Gfv e wk v_ xi mvg_, AvMÖn I cölyv Abyhvqx cv Vi cö qvrbxqzv Awf hvrb K i m Abyhvqx wk v_ x K Kv R jvmv Z cv ib D`vniY ^iƒc: K v m mevb hlb 10wU A¼ Ki Q ZLb nq Zv cöwzeüx ev axi wk v_ x K 5wU A¼ `qv nj ev Ab KvD K AviI mnr Kvb KvR `qv nj, hgb: Kvb e ev msl v MYbv BZ vw` Kv RB GKB köyx Z wewfbœ wk v_ xi mvg_ Abyhvqx KvR ` eb - wpš v Ki b Avcwb Kxfv e wk v_ x `i wklb cöwµqvq AskMÖnY Kiv eb, hgb: cwigvc wkl Z wm q wk v_ xiv G K Ac ii D PZv cwigvc Ki Z cv i - wk v_ xiv ZLbB fvj ev S, hlb Zviv wklbe fvjfv e `L Z cvq Ges úk Ki Z cv i Avcwb wk cvv`v bi mgq Kvb ` k gvb mnvqk DcKiY e envi K ib? GwU Kvb ev e DcKiY ev Qwe ev Aw¼Z Qwe n Z cv i - cvv`v bi mgq Avcwb wk wk g~j kã e envi Ki eb Zv Av MB wba viy K i ivlyb Póv Ki b Avcbvi wk v_ xiv hb kãmg~ ni A_ ai Z cv i - K v m e env ii Rb Abykxjb LvZv ˆZwi Ki b GB Abykxjb LvZv ev IqvK kxu ˆZwii mgq Lqvj ivlyb Zv hb wk v_ x `i cö qvrbvbymv i evbv bv nq, hgb: ` wó cöwzeüx `i Rb hb eo eo A i, eyw cöwzeüx `i Rb mnr fvlv e envi Kiv nq G jv Avcwb fwel Z e env ii Rb Av M _ KB ˆZwi K i i L w` Z cv ib wk KMY Zv `i mnkg x `i m ½ wb q G jv A`j-e`j Ki Z cv ib g b ivl eb, 2Rb wk v_ x KLbB GKiKg bq, Zv `i Rb Avjv`v KvR wba viy Ki b - `jxq KR me wk v_ x `i AskMÖnY wbwðz K i Gi gva g ^Zš wk v_ xi cö qvrb I Pvwn`vi cöwz j ivlv hvq we kl wklb Pvwn`vm úbœ wk v_ x K Zvi Pvwn`vbyhvqx Kv R jvwm q w`b Ges evwk wk v_ x `i m mgq cvv`vb Ki b myzivs Avcbvi cöwzwu cvv cwikíbvq wewfbœ ik gi wklb ZrciZv _vk e A_ vr, cy iv K v mi KvR, `jxq KvR, Rvovq KvR Ges GKK KvR wewfbœ `j e envi Ki b (wgkö/mg_ `j/avmönx `j) Ges ` ji ˆewP Î i Rb `jmg~n Nb Nb cwiez b Ki b BD b v wi mvm c v Ki DcKi Yi Ici wklb e e vcbvi Ici AviI aviyv cv eb - Avcbvi cvv`vb wbw` ó mg q kl Ki Z cvv`v bi cwiwa I wk v DcKi Yi e envi wbqš Y ivlyb AwZwi³ DcKiY e envi bv K i ïay mwvk I Kvh Ki DcKiY e envi Ki b - Avjv`v cvv cwikíbv ˆZwi Kiv QvovI zj Kg w`e mi Rb I cwikíbvi cö qvrb n Z cv i G cwikíbvq we kl wk v_ x `i Rb wekí KvR _vk e cv Vi ïi ZB G wel q wk v_ x `i mv _ Avjvc Ki b GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 105

108 Awa ekb 5: ^Zš /GKK wk v cwikíbv D Ïk mgq DcKiY c wz GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - ^Zš wk v cwikíbv m ú K aviyv jvf Ki eb - ^Zš wk v cwikíbv cöyqb Ki Z cvi eb 1 NÈv 20 wgwbu Km vww, cv vi ccvi, gvk vi `jxq KvR, cö kœvëi, Km vww cöwµqv KvR 1: ^Zš wk v cwikíbv wk? mgq: 10 wgwbu 1. wb gœi msw ß bvuwu Dc vcb Ki b ^Zš wk v cwikíbv (AvBBwc) wk? ^Zš wk v cwikíbv (AvBBwc) nj we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkï `i gwbuwis I g~j vqb Kivi GKwU myk Lj Dcvq GKwU AvBBwc Z hme welq Aš fy ³ _v K: - wkïiv hme mgm vi m ylxb nq Zvi GKwU ey bv - GB me mgm v DËi Yi Rb GKwU cwikíbv - wkïwui Rb GKwU j wba viy I mg qi e wß (wbw` ó mgq c i Avcwb H wkïwu K Kv_vq `L Z Pvb) - wkïwu K H j cušqv bvi Rb wk wk KvR Ki Z n e Zvi ey bv - wkïwui DbœwZ g~j vqb Kivi cöwµqv KvR 2: GKwU AvBBwc j Kwi mgq: 30 wgwbu 1. AskMÖnYKvix `i K 3/4wU ` j fvm Ki b 2. AskMÖnYKvix `i K ivbx bvgk GKwU wkïi mgm v msµvš MíwU ïb Z ejyb 3. wb gœi Km vwwwu co b: Òivbxi eqm 6 eqi m Kej zj ïi K i Q m K v mi G Kev i cq bi e  e m Ges ebwu K Pv Li G Kev i Kv Q wb q covi Póv K i m gv S gv S e Âi mv _ av v Lvq hlb Ab vb wkïiv A¼ K i ZLb 106 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

109 m AskMÖnY Ki Z cv i bv KviY h cökœ/mgm v ev W jlv nq, Zv m `L Z cvq bv GLb m Ab vb wkï `i mv _ cov kvbvq c i DV Q bv A bk wcwq q c o Q Ó 4. cöwk Yv_ x `i wr Ám Ki b, Òivbxi wk wk mgm v Av Q?Ó 5. Km vwwwu Avevi co b Ges AskMÖnYKvix `i KvQ _ K DËi ei K i wbb ivbx A¼ Ki Z cv i bv Zvi ` wórwbz cöwzeükzv _vk ZI cv i mvaviyz Ab vb wel qi Î GB cöwzeükzv Zgb Kvb cöfve d j bv KviY Zvi Kv Q eb Av Q wkš hlb wk K Kvb A¼ ev W j Lb Zv m fvjfv e `L Z cvq bv 6. AskMÖnYKvix `i n vûavd Ui w` K ` wó w` Z ejyb, Ôivbxi ^Zš wk v cwikíbvõ 7. AvBBwcÕi wewfbœ Ask ey bv Ki b 8. cöwk Yv_ x `i cökœ Ki b: - j wba viy h_v_ n q Q wk? - Kv Ri cwikíbv wk ev em Z? - Kxfv e ivbxi DbœwZ g~j vqb Kiv hvq? KvR 3: GKwU AvBBwc wjlb mgq: 30 wgwbu 1. cöwzwu MÖ c GKwU K i Km vww I AvBBwc d g U w`b 2. AskMÖnYKvix `i K Km vww co Z ejyb Ges H wkïwui Rb mw wjzfv e GKwU AvBBwc wjl Z ejyb myweavi Rb Zviv ivbxi AvBBwc e envi Ki Z cv ib 3. gwbuwis Ki b Ges Zv `i K mn hvwmzv Ki b 4. cöwzwu ` ji KvR we k-ly Ki Z ejyb Ges wdwe vk cö`vb Ki b bgybv: GKK wk v cwikíbv bgybv: GKK wk v cwikíbv bvg: eqm: kªyx: g~j vq bi ZvwiL: mgm vi ey bv (ms c): ZvwiL wba vwiz welqe D Ïk Kv Ri g~j vqb/djvdj cwikíbv/cöwµqv GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 107

110 Km vww gwb gwbi eqm 10 eqi m Ab vb wkï `i gz wkl Z cv i bv fvjfv e wjl Z cv i bv Z e wkqz wkqz ey wjl Z cv i Ges mnr A¼ jv Ki Z cv i gwb K vm Pjvi mg q D Ïk nxbfv e Ny i eovq m wkqz Yi Rb GK RvqMvq e m _v K Avevi PjvPj K i jlvi K v m m me P q ewk Ny i eovq Ab vb wkïiv Zv K wb q grv K i Ges evkv e j Wv K gv S gv S m cömªve K i, ZLb m mvivw` bi Rb Avi K v m Avm Z cv i bv Ges evwo Z P j hvq - Kxfv e gwb fvjfv e K v m wklb wb Z cvi e? - gwbi evev-gv Kxfv e Zv K mn hvwmzv Ki Z cv ib? - Ab vb wkïiv Kxfv e gwb K mn hvwmzv Ki Z cv i? kvfv kvfvi Ab vb wkï `i gz kvixwikfv e e w N Uwb m nuvu Z cv i bv Zvi Kjg I cwý ji gz wrwbm nvz w` q ai Z mgm v nq Zvi K_v mn R evsv hvq bv m hvb nvk, Ab vb gvbyl Zv K wkqz ej j kvfv fvjfv e eys Z cv i Zvi eqm 7 eqi Ges MZ eqi zj ïi K i Q wkš m GLbI 1g kªyx ZB Av Q m ey wpb Z cv i m wjl Z Pvq wkš e _ nq Ljvayjvi mgq m K v mb e m _v K gv S gv S m K v m Ab gb n q hvq Ges W i Ici gv_v Gwj q `q - kvfv K Kxfv e kªyx Kvh µ g AskMÖnY Kiv bv hvq? - Zv K jlvi Î mnvqzv Kivi Rb Kvb DcKiY e envi Kiv hvq wk? - wk K I Ab vb wkïiv kvfv K Kxfv e wk Y I hvmv hv Mi Î mn hvwmzv Ki Z cv i? AvRnvi AvRnv ii eqm 9 eqi Ges m 2q kªyxi QvÎ Zvi eqm hlb 2 eqi ZLb m cvwji Z Avµvš n q Q hvi d j Zvi Wvb cv evg cv qi Zzjbvq QvU m PjvP ji Rb GKwU µvp e envi K i m K v mi cq bi ga mvwii W e m Zvi Rb W _ K ei niqv Ges cö ek Kiv LyeB KwVb Ljvayjvi mgq m K v m e m _v K AvRnvi LyeB eyw gvb Q j m Zvi kªyxi KvR mvaviyzt Ab vb wkï `i Zzjbvq Av M K i d j A bk mgq K v m m wprkvi K i Ges µvp w` q Ab vb `i AvNvZ K i Ab vb wkïiv Zv K fq cvq - AvRnvi K Kxfv e Ab vb wkï `i mv _ Ljvayjvq Aš f y³ Kiv bv hvq? - K v m Zvi e envi fvj Kivi Rb wk KiYxq n Z cv i? - Zvi evev-gv K Kxfv e m ú ³ Kiv bv hvq? 108 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

111 mnvqk Z_ ivbxi GKK wk v cwikíbv ivbxi eqm 6 eqi m Kej zj ïi K i Q m K v mi G Kev i cq bi e  e m Ges ebwu K Pv Li G Kev i Kv Q wb q covi Póv K i m gv S gv S e Âi mv _ av v Lvq hlb Ab vb wkïiv A¼ K i ZLb m AskMÖnY Ki Z cv i bv KviY cökœwu/mgm vwu ev W jlv nq GLb m Ab vb wkï `i i bb A bk wcwq q c o Q bvg: ivbx Av³vi eqm: 6 eqi kªyx: 1g g~j vq bi ZvwiL: 8 g, 2012 mgm vi ey bv: ivbx A¼ Kivi Î Ab vb wkï `i mv _ AskMÖnY Ki Z cv i bv m Ab vb wkï `i Zzjbvq cq b c o hv Q Zvi m ez ` wórwbz cöwzeükzv i q Q j Kv Ri cwikíbv ZvwiL/mgq g~j vqb ivbx A¼ Kivi Î AskMÖnY Ki Z cvi e 1 ivbx K v mi 1g mvwii W em e 2 wk K ev W eo K i wjl eb Ges mv _ mv _ kã K i co eb 3 ivbx K QvU QvU Kvb cv_ ii UzK iv `qv n e hv Z m ú k i gva g MYbv Ki Z cv i 4 ivbxi evev-gv qi mv _ Zvi mgm v wb q K_v ej Z n e Ges Zv K P z nvmcvzv j wb q hviqvi civgk w` Z n e 5 wk K ivbx K Ggb GKRb mncvvxi mv _ emv eb h As K fvj Ges ivbx K kã K i A¼ co Z I evsv Z mnvqzv Ki Z cv i wzb gv mi g a ivbx A¼ K v m wb Ri AskMÖnY wbwðz Ki e (8 g, 2012) - 8 deª qvwi: P z nvmcvzv j ivbxi PvL cix v Kiv nq Ges Wv³vi e j Qb, Zvi Pv L wkqz mgm v cwijw Z n q Q Ges Zv K Pkgv e envi Ki Z n e - 10 deª qvwi: ivbxi evev-gv Zv K Pkgv wk b `b - 20 deª qvwi: Pkgv ivbx K fvj mv cvu w`j, m GLb Avi W i mv _ av v Lvq bv - 5 gvp : m GLb A¼ K v m AskMÖnY Ki Z cv i wkš GLbI m Zvi mncvvx `i Zzjbvq A bk wcwq q Av Q Zvi Rb evowz mn hvwmzv `ikvi GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 109

112 110 GKK cvv cwikíbvi we ep welqmg~n - cöwzwu wkïb G KK Rb Avjv`v e w³z G Rb cvv cwikíbvi mgq wk K K Aek B cöwzwu wk v_ xi ^- ^ Pvwn`v m ú K aviyv ivl Z n e GRb cöwzwu we kl wklb Pvwn`vm úbœ wk v_ xi Rb GKK cvv cwikíbv _vk Z n e A bk ` kb G ai bi cvv cwikíbv K DrmvwnZ Kiv nq Ges Kvb Kvb ` k G msµvš AvBbI i q Q Z e GUv g b ivl Z n e h, cvv cwikíbv mvaviyzt K v mi mevi Rb cwikwíz n q _v K ^Zš wk v_ x `i Rb GKK cwikíbv g~jz mvwe K cwikíbv Z_v wklb D Ïk AR b m ú~ik f~wgkv cvjb K i - GKK cwikíbv cy iv zj-el. lvy vwmk, ˆÎgvwmK wksev KvbI wbw` ó mg q cwikwíz n Z cv i - cöv_wgk we` vj qi wk v_ xi Rb G cwikíbv cvv µ gi g~j wklb ZrciZv, hgb: cov I msl vi aviyv wk v`v bi D Ïk wpwýz K i gva wgk z ji wk v_ x `i Rb G ai bi cwikíbv wewfbœ wel qi Ici cwikwíz n q _v K - wk v_ xi evev-gv ev Zvi cwiph vkvixi m ½ Av jvpbv K i GB cwikíbv ˆZwi Kiv DwPZ Gfv e wk Ke ` cvv µ gi Kvb AskUzKz wk v_ xi Rb `ikvix Zv wba viy Ki Z cv ib GwU evev-gv K Zv `i mš vb `i K evwo Z h_vh_fv e mnvqzv`v b m g K i Zv j wk Ki DwPZ Zvi cwikíbvi GKwU Abywjwc evev-gv K (hw` Zviv co Z cv ib) covi Rb `qv wmwbqi wk v_ x `i mv _ wk K Zvi cvv cwikíbv wb q Avjvc- Av jvpbv K i Zv `i gzvgz wb Z cv ib wk v_ xivi z ji KvR Ki Z wm q KvbI mgm vi m ylxb n Q wk bv m wel q Zviv hv Z wk Ki mv _ Avjvc K i Zv wbwðz Ki b - wk ve l i ïi ZB cwikíbv Kiv DwPZ Kbbv G mg qb wk v_ xi wemz wk ve l i djvdj I bzzb eq ii bzzb wklb j mn mvwe K djvdj I AMÖMwZ K wjwce Kiv nq, hv wk v_ xi Ab vb wk K KI Rvbv bv h Z cv i - G cwikíbv wk v_ xi wewfbœ wklb wel qi Ici ` Zv wpwýz K i I bzzb wklb D Ïk wba viy K i hv Z GKB köyxi me wk v_ x cvv µ gi mkj welqe wewfbœ gvîvq AvqZ Ki Z cv i - wk Ki DwPZ wk v_ xi hvm Zv ch e Y I wba viy Kiv, m m ½ Zv `i AvMÖn I we kl Pvwn`vi w` KI bri `qv DwPZ `Lyb Zviv A b i mvnvh bv wb q wb R wb R KZUzKz KvR Ki Z cv i Zv `i KvR Kivi h M Zv m ú K Avcwb aviyv wb Z cv ib köyxk Zv `i KvR ` L wksev Zv `i K mnr _ K KwVb ai bi Kv R jvwm q Zv `i mvg_ cix v K i `L Z cv ib - GKwU bzzb wklb D Ïk wba viy Kiv Lye mnr KvR bq wklb D Ïk Lye KwVb n j wk v_ x wbi rmvwnz n q co Z cv i, ZviciI Avcbvi DwPZ wk v_ x K bzzb ` Zv AR bi P v jä Quy o `Iqv cö_g ev i bv n j wpš vi Kvb KviY bb hw` wk v_ x Lye `ª Z k L Z e Zv K bzzb bzzb welq w`b GKBfv e hw` ` Lb wklb Lye KwVb n q c o Q Z e D Ïk K QvU QvU av c wef³ Ki b Ges wk v_ x K av c av c KvR Ki Z w`b - D`vniY ^iƒc: wk v_ x GK m ½ mg cqmv wpb e bv cö_ g Zv K GKUv `k cqmv I GKUv cuvp cqmv w`b Gi ci c _K ai bi Av iv GK Rvov gy`ªv w`b ( hgb GKwU wmwk I GKwU Avaywj) Gfv e hz Y ch š bv wk v_ x mg gy`ªv Avjv`v Avjv`vfv e wpb Z cvi Q ZZ Y ch š G Ljv Pvwj q hvb Aek GwU GKwU D`vniY gvî wk K eo I RwUj KvbI wklb D Ïk K Av iv Kvh Kifv e QvU QvU av c wef³ K i wk v_ x `i ax i AMÖmi nevi Rb DrmvwnZ Ki Z cv ib GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

113 Awa ekb 6: GKK mnvqzv D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - GKK mnvqzvi KŠkj R b ej Z cvi eb - GKK mnvqzv m ú K R b Zv kªyxk Kv R jvmv Z cvi eb mgq 45 wgwbu DcKiY gvk vi, nvqvbu evw c wz W gv K vm, gy³ Av jvpbv cöwµqv 1 AskMÖnYKvix `i ï f Qv Rvwb q Awa ek b cö ek Ki b Zv `i ga _ K mvnmx Ges Avcbv K mn hvwmzv Ki Z AvMÖnx Ggb 1 Rb K mvg b wb q Avmyb Ges ejyb, Av M h GKK cvv cwikíbv ˆZwi Kiv n q Q Zvi Ici GKwU K vm cwipvjbv n e Kvb ai bi Pvwn`vm úbœ wkïi Ici ˆZwiK Z AvBBwc Abyhvqx K vm cwipvjbv Ki eb Zv wbav iy Ki Z ejyb cö wz bqvi Rb 5 wgwbu mgq w`b Gevi cöwk Y K i Pqvi jv kªyxk i gz K i mvrvb AskMÖnYKvix `i ga _ K mvg bi mvwi Z 1 Rb K AwURg ev eyw cöwzeüx wkïi ivj c- Ki Z ejyb mevb K ejyb GLb Avgiv GKwU kªyxk wkï `i Awfbq Kie AskMÖnYKvix `i K ejyb, wk Ki cvv`v b hme fvj w`kmg~n wqj Ges Kvb Kvb welq ev` c i Q, wk Ki j AviI fvj Kiv hz Zv wjwce Ki Z e j w`b K vm PjvKvjxb mg q wkïi Awfbq Qvov wk K K Kvb K_v wksev wb ` kbv cö`vb Kiv hv e bv kªyxk mvrv bv n j cvv Dc vc bi Rb 10 wgwbu mgq w`b Dc vcb k l mk ji KvQ _ K wdwe vk ïbyb Avcwb kªyxk mvrv Z wm q wk wk K iwq jb, Kb K iwq jb Zv e vl v Ki b mnvqk Z _ i Av jv K wdwe vk jv mvims c K i mgš^q Ki b wbr wbr kªyxk Avgiv hb G welq jv ev evqb Ki Z cvwi m Avkv e ³ K i, ^Ztù Z AskMÖn Yi Rb mkj K ab ev` Rvwb q Awa ekb kl Ki b GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 111

114 mnvqk Z_ GKK mnvqzv - msávbymv i we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wk v_ x `i mvaviyz e w³mz mvnv h i cö qvrb nq wk K Zv `i wbw` ó Pvwn`vi cöwz bri w` j wklb D Ïk AR b mnrzi nq wkš Kxfv e wk v_ x `i GKKfv e mnvqzv Kiv hvq? GUv hw`i Lye mnr KvR bq, ZviciI GLv b wkqz aviyv `qv nj: hv wk KMY Abykxjb K i DcK Z n q Qb - hlb cy iv K vm Kvb GKwU Kv R e _v K ZLb cvv wel qi m ½ mswk-ó Kvb welq wb q wk K GKRb cöwzeüx ev GKvwaK wk v_ xi m ½ Av jvpbv Ki Z cv ib Ges GKKfv e Zv `i wkl b mnvqzv Ki Z cv i A_ev cvv wel qi m ½ mswk-ó Kvb Kv Ri Zv `i GKKfv e mvnvh Ki Z cv ib - wk v_ x `i mvg_ Abyhvqx ` j fvm Kiv h Z cv i wk K wk v_ x `i cö qvrb ev Pvwn`v ` j Ny i Ny i mvnvh Ki eb G c wz cov I msl vi Kv R we kl Kvh Ki n q _v K Z e me mgq wk v_ x `i mvg_ Abyhvqx wef³ Ki j mej `j Rqx Ges `ye j `j bv cviv `j wn m e wpwýz n q h Z cv i Aciw` K wgkª mvg _ i ` ji wk v_ x `i g a KvR Ggbfv e eèb Ki Z n e hv Z cö Z K mgvbfv e AskMÖnY Ki Z cv i - cöwzeüx wk v_ x `i m ½ AwaK ` wk v_ x `i m½x K i w`b ` wk v_ x wb Ri KvR kl K i cöwzeüx `i mnvqzv Ki e GZ jvfevb n eb DfqB G KB e j RywU Z wk v - `yrb wk K `ywu K vm K GK Ki Z cv ib m Î GKRb wk K cy iv K v mi `vwq Z _vk Z cv ib AciRb QvU ` j wef³ wk v_ x ev wbw` ó Kvb GKRb wk v_ x K GKKfv e cö qvrbxq mnvqzv ` eb - Kvb ^ Qv mek K K v m mnvqzv Kivi Rb wb qvm `qv h Z cv i m Î wk v_ xiv Kvb cwiev ii gvevev, `v`v-`v`x, bvbv-bvbx, PvPv-PvPx, KvKv-KvKx hw` ivrx nb Z e Zviv K v m ^ Qv mek wn m e hvm w` Z cv ib wbw` ó mg qi Rb wk v_ x hlb cö_g K v m Av m Zv K kªyxk Af Ki Z A_ev cvv Kvb wel q wk v_ xiv c~y ` Zv AR bi Rb G c wz Kvh Ki n Z cv i Avevi wk K hlb cöwzeüx wk v_ x K wb q e _v Kb ^ Qv mek ZLb cy iv K v mi wk v_ x K mnvqzv w` Z cv ib - z ji wmwbqi wk v_ xiv we kl Pvwn`v m úbœ wk v_ x `i mnvqzvi Rb Zv `i mgvr mevi Ask wn m e GKwU Kg m~px ˆZwi Ki Z cv ib - KwgDwbwUwfwËK cyb evmb cök í ^ Qv mek I Kg xivi we kl wklb Pvwn`vm úbœ wk v_ x `i mnvqzvi Ab Zg g~j f~wgkv cvjb Ki Z cv i wk v_ x I Zvi cwievi K Zviv fvjfv e Rv b e j Zviv wk v_ xi z j fwz nevi mgq cö_g w`b jvq kvixwik I gvbwmk mnvqzv w` Z cv i - hw` Avcbvi z ji Kvb we klá wk K _v K ev GB wel q AwfÁ Kvb e w³i m ½ Kvb hvmv hvm _v K Z e Zv `i K we kl wk v_ x `i Dc hvmx cvv cwikíbv ˆZwi I wk v`vb cö vebv ev G cövp wba viy mnvqzvi Rb Avgš Y Rvbv Z cv ib GgbwK Avgwš Z we klá wk KMY K v m wk v_ x `i K Pvwn`v Abymv i GKKfv e mvnvh Ki Z cv ib - kªyxk wk K I wk v_ x `i mnvqzv cö`v bi Rb GKRb mnkvix wb qvm `qv h Z cv i hb Zvi mv _ g~j wk Ki fvj evsvcov _v K 112 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

115 Awa ekb 7: mnvqk DcKiY D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - mnvqk DcKiY wk Zv ej Z cvi eb - mnvqk DcKiY m ú K R b Zv Kv R jvmv Z cvi eb mgq 40 wgwbu DcKiY gvk vi, nvqvbu evw, wd c PvU, wfc KvW c wz RyywU Z KvR, Dc vcbv, Av jvpbv cöwµqv AskMÖnYKvix `i wr Ám Ki b cöwzeüx wk v_ x `i kªyxk cov Z wk wk mnvqk DcKi Yi cö qvrb nq? Gevi cöwk Yv_ x `i K RywU Z fvm Ki b Ges wbgœwjwlz KvR jv eyws q w`b - mnvqk DcKiY wk? - mnvqk wk v DcKiY wk? - wk wk mnvqk wk v DcKiY e envi Kiv nq? AskMÖnYKvixMY RywU Z m jv wfc Kv W wjl e Ges RywU _ K GKRb GKRb K i Dc vcb Ki e G KKwU RywUi Dc vcb k l mwui Ici wdwe vk cö`vb Ki b -vbw Dc vcb Ki b AviI wkqz Rvbvi _vk j Zv cwi vi Ki b welqwu hv Z Zviv kªyxk m PZbZvi mv _ Kv R jvmvq m wel q evievi ejyb GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 113

116 mnvqk Z_ mnvqk DcKiY KL bv KL bv mnvqk DcKiY ev h š i mvnv h wkïi cöwzewüzvrwbz mgm v jvne Kiv m e nq, hgb: Pkgv w` q ` wónxbzvi mgm vi mgvavb Kiv hvq µvp ev ûbj Pqv ii mvnv h kvixwik cöwzeüx wk v_ x PjvPj Ki Z cv i kªeyh š i mvnv h kªeynxbzv `~i Kiv hvq wk v_ xiv Pkgv ev kªeyhš e envi Ki Q wk bv Zv wbwðz Ki Z n e GQvov Av iv wkqz mnvqk DcKiY Av Q hv wk v`v b, Ljvayjvq, kªyxk e env ii Rb, wk v_ x `i PjvP ji myweavi Rb Ges hvmv hvm cöwzôvi Kv R jvv M A bk DcKiY ^í Li P ˆZwi Kiv hvq wk v_ x `i cwievii Gme DcKiY ˆZwi Z mnvqzv Ki Z cv ib cöwzeüx wkï `i Rb Gme mnvqk DcKiY, hgb evwo Z _vkv DwPZ Zgwb z ji _vkv DwPZ z j cöwzeüx `i Rb GKwU jvb eªwi _vk e, hlvb _ K wk v_ xiv DcKiY avi ev fvov wb Z cvi e wk v DcKiY cvv`vbkv j wk K Gme DcKiY e envi K ib, hgb: covi Rb d vk KvW, `qvj PvU ev Qwe wk v_ xi wk Y mnvqzvi Rb wk v DcKiY GKwU cö qvrbxq Abyl½ d j `qv ev evwzj h KvbI wrwbm _ K my `i my `i wk v DcKiY wb RivB ˆZwi K i wb Z cv ib eo eo A i jlv I úk Kiv hvq Ggb wk v DcKiY wklb mgm vmö wk v_ xi Rb e envi Kiv hvq Ljvi mvgmªx wkï wk v_ xi Rb cyzzj, cv cu, cvrj ev wgdwrk vj mu BZ vw` ˆZwi Kiv h Z cv i ` wó ev eyw cöwzeüx wk v_ x `i Rb eyw LvwU q bvbv DcKiY ˆZwi Kiv m e G Î wk K K Avš wik ev m wókxj n Z n e kªyxk i hš cvwz wk KMY wk vq mnvqzvi Rb bvbv ai bi DcKiY ˆZwi Ki Z cv ib h wkïi nv Z Amyweav Zvi aivi myweav K i w` Z cwý ji Pvicv k ivevi dvg Rwo q `qv h Z cv i evz ji gyl w` q A vevkvm ˆZwi Kiv m e hv w` q wk v_ x MYbv wkl e Ges ` wó cöwzeüx wk v_ xi Rb Ggbfv e i jvi ˆZwi Kiv h Z cv i hlv b nq A i jv eo eo AvKv i A_ev Zv úk K i evsvi Rb msl v/a img~n DuPz Kiv h Z cv i kªyxk i Avmeve kvixwik cöwzeüx wk v_ x `i Dc hvmx Avmeve ˆZwi Kiv h Z cv i hgb: we kl ai bi Pqvi ev `uvovevi dªg BZ vw` G jv d j `qv fvov Pqvi ev c o _vkv Kvb Kv Vi UzK iv BZ vw` _ K evbv bv h Z cv i PjvP ji DcKiY Aí Li P wk v_ x `i Dc hvmx Uªwj, IqvwK s d«g, µvp, mv`v Qwo ev nuvuvi Qwo BZ vw` ˆZwi Kiv hvq kvixwik cöwzeüx wk v_ x `i Rb Gme DcKiY we kl mnvqk n Z cv i hvmv hvm DcKiY wk v_ x `i Rb GKwU evw _vk e hlv b Qwe, cözxk ev kãvejx muvuv _vk e wk K I wk v_ x `i ci úi hvmv hv Mi Rb G evw gva g wn m e KvR Ki e Qwe ev cözx Ki mvnv h wk v_ x g bi fve cökvk Ki Z cvi e 114 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

117 Awa ekb 8: AvPiY e e vcbv D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - bwzevpk AvPiY Kxfv e wbqš Y Kivi KŠkj jv Rvb Z cvi eb - wb R `i AvPiY Kxfv e wbqš Y Kiv hvq Zv R b Kv R jvmv Z cvi eb mgq 30 wgwbu DcKiY wd c PvU, gvk vi, Pqvi, ˆZwi -vbw c wz ivj c-, gy³ Av jvpbv, -vbw Dc vcbv cöwµqv AskMÖnYKvix `i ï f Qv Rvwb q Awa ekb ïi Ki b Awa ek bi wk ivbvg, D Ïk AskMÖnYKvix `i Rvbvb Gevi AskMÖnYKvix `i Kv Q wbæwjwlz welq jv Rv b wbb: - bwzevpk AvPi Yi mgq wkïi mv _ wk ikg AvPiY Kiv DwPZ? - wk v_ x `i bwzevpk AvPiY Kxfv e wbqš Y Kiv hvq? Gevi, AskMÖnYKvix `i ga _ K 7/8 Rb K mvg b W K Avbyb Zv `i K wk v_ xi f~wgkvq Awfbq Ki Z ejyb Ges Zv `i ivj/kvr eyws q w`b, G `i ga _ K GKRb AskMÖnYKvix K AwUw K A_ev eyw cöwzeüx wkïi f~wgkvq Awfbq Ki Z w`b Gevi AskMÖnYKvix `i ga _ K AviI 2 Rb K W K Avbyb Ges G `i ga _ K 1 Rb K ivmx wk Ki Ges AciRb K mnvbyf~wzkxj/ˆah kxj wk Ki f~wgkvq Awfbq Ki Z ejyb Zv `i K ivj/kvr fvjfv e eyws q w`b cö_ g ivmx wk K Ges Gici ˆah kxj wk Ki ivj wb Z ejyb ivj c- kl n j AskMÖnYKvix `i Abyf~wZ Rvbyb Ges Zv `i gzvgz MÖnY Ki b Gici, eo ` j welqwu wb q Av jvpbv Ki b Ges cviqvi c q U cö ZK Z -vbw Dc vcb Ki b Av jvpbv k l Awa ek bi mvivsk Ki b Ges mkj K ab ev` w` q Awa ek bi mgvwß NvlYv Ki b GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 115

118 mnvqk Z_ bwzevpk AvPiY ej Z mvaviyz gvby li cöwzk j AvPi Yi ewntcökvk K ey S _vwk muv wewfbœ v b, wewfbœ mg q, wewfbœ Ae vq, wewfbœ cwiw wz Z cökvk cvq kvixwik, gvbwmk Ges mvgvwrk mkj ÎB Gi cökvk N U D j-l, mkj bwzevpk AvPi Yi wcq bb Kvb bv Kvb NUbv _v K GUv GK ai bi Av emxq cökvk wkïiv hlb Zvi ^vfvwek AvPiY a i ivl Z e _ nq ZLbB Zvi D Q LjZv cökvk cvq, hgb: h Kvb Kvi Y cöpê i M hviqv, gvivgvwi Kiv, Lvivc K_v ev MvjvMvwj Kiv, mvgvwrk ev we` vj qi wbqgbxwz bv gvbv kªyxk ev we` vj q wkqz wkq~ wk v_ x bwzevpk AvPiY Ki Z cv i wkš wk v_ x `i mvgvwrkfv e MÖnY hvm my `i e envi klv bv Avgv `i `vwqz wk v_ x `i AvPi Yi cöwz Kxfv e mvov w` Z n e m wel q we` vj qi wk K `i GKwU mvaviy cö vebv ev A v cöv Pi e vcv i HKgZ cªwzôv Kiv cö qvrb wk v_ x `i AvPiY wbqš Y Kivi Rb wk K `i KiYxq - wk v_ x `i we kl Kvb AvPi Yi KviY wpwýz Kiv, hgb: hme KvR Ki Z wk v_ x `i Amyweav nq Zviv wk mme Gwo q Pjvi Póv K i? Zviv wk Ab me wk v_ x ev wk Ki g bv hvm c Z Lye AvMÖnx _v K? wk v_ xi AvPiY ch e Y I Zv wjwce Kivi cvkvcvwk AvPi Yi KviY Abyhvqx Zvi e e v bqv - wk v_ x Zvi bwzevpk AvPi Yi ïi ZB KZ jv j Yi gva g Zv cökvk K i GB j Y jv R b wk K hv Ki Z cv ib, Zv nj: wk v_ x `i gb K Ab w` K cöevwnz Kiv ( hgb: h Kv R h ` ev Avb ` cvq Zv K m Kv R jvmv bv) - fv jv KvR ev AvPi bi Rb cyi K Z Kiv ev cöksmv Kiv - wk v_ xi fv jv ev bwzevpk AvPi Yi cöfve Ab Kv ivi Ici wk n Z cv i ev wk cöfve co Z cv i Zv wb q wk v_ x `i mv _ Avjvc Kiv - mvs wzk Abyôvb, hgb: bvuk, Mvb, bvp,ave wë BZ vw`i gva g wk v_ x `i g bi `ytl, Kó, `xn w` bi cywäf~z Kvb vf cökwgz nq ev K g hvq, gb fv jv K i - cö qvr b cwiev ii m`m `i mv _ Avjvc Kiv cwiph vkvixi mv _ K_v ejv bwzevpk AvPiY Kxfv e gvkv ejv ev wbqš Y Kiv hvq Zvi cwikíbv Kiv bwzevpk AvPi Yi mgq wkïi mv _ wk ai bi AvPiY Kiv DwPZ - wei³ bv n q wkïwui K_v gb w` q ïb Z n e - Avš wikzvi mv _ e m K_v ej Z n e - A c v Ki Z n e ZZ Y hz Y wkïwu Zvi g ` AvPi Yi KviY bv Rvbvq - D ËwRZ wkïwui cöwz ivm bv n q mnvbyf~wzkxj n Z n e Gi d j wkïwui ivm Kg e - kvš I big ^ i K_v ej Z n e - cö qvr b Ab `i mn hvwmzv bqv h Z cv i - wk Zvi fyj Ges wk Kiv DwPZ wqj GUv wkïwu K gy³ g b evsv Z n e 116 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

119 Awa ekb 9: GK Î KvR Kiv D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - Kxfv e z ji mkj wk K mw wjzfv e KvR Kiv hvq Zv ej Z cvi eb - GKxf~Z wk v ev evq b z ji mv _ mswk-ó mkj K Kxfv e m ú ³ Kiv hvq Zv R b Abykxjb Ki Z cvi eb mgq 30 wgwbu DcKiY gvwëwgwwqv, nvqvbu evw, gvk vi c wz cö kœvëi, e³ Zv cöwµqv 1 GB Awa ek b mkj AskMÖnYKvix K ^vmz Rvbvb Awa ek bi D Ïk mkj K AewnZ Ki b AskMÖnYKvix `i K aviyv cö`vb Ki b h, GB Awa ekbwu GKwU jvbf Uwjwfkb Abyôv bi gva g cwipvwjz n e GLv b GKRb Dc vck, GKRb we klá I GKRb wk Ki f~wgkvq _vk eb GLv b Dc vc Ki eo f~wgkv _vk e, wzwb GB Awa ek bi mg welq AwZw_ wn m e Dcw Z we klá I AwfÁ GKRb wk Ki gva g DwV q Avb eb 30 wgwbu mg qi g a cö_g 15 wgwbu wzwb we klá I AwfÁ wk Ki m ½ Av jvpbv K i I wb R wkqz Z_ w` q welqwu cwi vi Kivi Póv Ki eb GRb Av M _ KB we klá I wk K K wk ai bi cökœ Kiv n e I wzwb Kxfv e DËi w` j Awa ekbwui D Ïk mdj n e Zv cwi vi Ki eb, hgb: - GKxf~Z wk v ev evq b Avcwb Kxfv e cö_g _ K GLb ch š KvR Ki Qb? (cökœ: wk K K) - we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkï `i mv _ Ab vb wkïiv GKB mv _ co Q Ges Kvb mgm v n Q wk bv? (cökœ: wk K K) - Avgiv Kxfv e GKxf~Z wk v ev evq b mnvqzv c Z cvwi? (cökœ: we klá K) - Avcbvi z j Kvb we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkï `i Ab b wkï `i mv _ Kxfv e cvv`vb K ib? (cökœ: wk K K) - Kvb mgm v n j Zv mgvav b Ab vb wk Ki mn hvwmzv/civgk P q Qb wk? (cökœ: wk K K) - Avcbvi z j mkj wk K Kxfv e GK Î KvR Ki Qb? (cökœ: wk K K) Awa ek bi kl 15 wgwbu 7/8 Rbmn Ab vb iv cökœ Kivi my hvm cv eb Ges Avgwš Z AwZw_ I Dc vck welqmg~n Awa ek bi Av jv K cwi vi Ki eb Abyôv bi k l welqe i Kvb Ask A ^ Q _vk j Av jvpbv Ki b mevb K ab ev` Rvwb q Awa ekb kl Ki b GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 117

120 mnvqk Z_ wk Ki GKvi c GKxf~Z wk v ev evqb Kiv m e bq GRb mk ji mw wjz cöqvm GKvš Ri wi wb gœ G G wel q wel q we vwiz Av jvpbv Kiv Kiv nj: nj: z ji Ab vb wk Ki civgk wbb hw`i GUv mpvivpi `Lv hvq bv Z e Gi gv b GB bq h, Avcwb e _ - z ji Ab vb wk Ki civgk wbb hw`i GUv mpvivpi `Lv hvq bv Z e Gi gv b GB bq h, Avcwb e _ n q Qb eis Avcwb A b i KvQ _ K cöpzi wkl Z cvi eb y ji wk K ev Kg xe ` mßv n GKRb wk K n q Qb eis Avcwb A b i KvQ _ K cöpzi wkl Z cvi eb y ji wk K ev Kg xe ` mßv n GKRb wk K Kvb Kvb GKwU wklb mgm v ms c Av jvpbv Ki Z cv ib n Z cv i wk v`v bi Kvb KŠkj wb q Av jvpbv GKwU wklb mgm v ms c Av jvpbv Ki Z cv ib n Z cv i wk v`v bi Kvb KŠkj wb q Av jvpbv ev ev wk v_ xi AvPiY wbqš Y msµvš Kvb mgm v I Zv mgvav bi Dcvq m ú K Av jvpbv BZ vw` Av jvpbvi wk v_ xi AvPiY wbqš Y msµvš Kvb mgm v I Zv mgvav bi Dcvq m ú K Av jvpbv BZ vw` Av jvpbvi mgq mgq mgm vwu wb q mevb mw wjzfv e wpš v Ki b Ges Zv mgvav bi KŠkj _ K m e vëg KŠkjwU e Q mgm vwu wb q mevb mw wjzfv e wpš v Ki b Ges Zv mgvav bi KŠkj _ K m e vëg KŠkjwU e Q wbb z ji wbb z ji cöavb wk KI G ai bi wewfbœ c` c bqvi Rb we kl f~wgkv ivl Z cv ib cöavb wk KI G ai bi wewfbœ c` c bqvi Rb we kl f~wgkv ivl Z cv ib - Ab vb wk Kiv Kxfv e K vm bb Zv ch e Yi Rb mgq e Q wbb Ges Avcbvi wk v`vb `Lvi Rb I - Avcbvi Ab vb wk Kiv mnkg x `i Kxfv e Avgš Y K vm Rvbvb bb Zvici ch e Yi Avcbviv Rb mw wjzfv e mgq e Q wvk wbb Ki b Ges h, Avcbvi wk v`v bi wk v`vb Kvb `Lvi KŠkjwU Rb I me P q Avcbvi Kvh Ki mnkg x `i wqj Avgš Y Ges KvbwUi Rvbvb AviI Zvici DbœwZi Avcbviv cö qvrb mw wjzfv e Av Q wvk Ki b h, wk v`v bi Kvb KŠkjwU - mvg_ me P q I Kvh Ki my hvm wqj _vk j Ges yj KvbwUi KZ c AviI wk K `i DbœwZi Kvb cö qvrb cöwk Y Av Q cvvv Z cv i cöwk Y k l wk Ke ` y ji - Ab vb mvg_ I wk K my hvm I _vk j Kg xi Dcw wz Z yj KZ c Zv `i wk K `i cöwk Yjä Kvb Ávb cöwk Y I ` Zv cvvv Z Dc vcb cv i Ki Z cöwk Y cv ib k l wk Ke ` y ji - Lyu R Ab vb `Lyb wk K Avcbvi I Kg xi GjvKvq Dcw wz Z Kvb KwgDwbwUwfwËK Zv `i cöwk Yjä cybe vmb Ávb I cök íi ` Zv Kg x Dc vcb ev Kvb Ki Z we kl cv ib wk vi z ji wk K i q Q wkbv Póv Ki b Zv `i m ½ `Lv Ki Z Ges Zv `i civgk wb Z Lye fvj nq hw` we klá Kg x ev - Lyu R `Lyb Avcbvi GjvKvq KwgDwbwUwfwËK Kvb cybe vmb cök íi Kg x ev Kvb we kl wk vi z ji wk K wk K Avcbvi z j G m wk v_ xi mv _ K_v e j Ges wk v`vb KŠkj ch e Y K i, Avcbv K cö qvrbxq i q Q wkbv Póv Ki b Zv `i m ½ `Lv Ki Z Ges Zv `i civgk wb Z Lye fvj nq hw` we klá Kg x ev civgk `b wk K Avcbvi z j G m wk v_ xi mv _ K_v e j Ges wk v`vb KŠkj ch e Y K i, Avcbv K cö qvrbxq - Kvb Kvb ` k zj KZ c we kl wk v_ x `i Rb wkqz we klá wk K wb qvm K ib Gme wk K nq Zv civgk `b GKwU z j A_ev GKvwaK y j cö qvrbxq mnvqzv `qvi Kv R wb qvwrz _v Kb Zviv köyx wk Ki mv _ - KvR Kvb K i Kvb cvv µg ` k zj I wklb KZ c cö qvrbxq we kl wk v_ x `i cwigvr b I Rb Awf hvrb wkqz we klá K ib wk K Zviv wkqz wb qvm wk v_ xi K ib mv _ Gme Avjv`vfv e wk K nq Zv A_ev GKwU GK`j z j A_ev wk v_ xi GKvwaK mv _ y j e mb cö qvrbxq Ges Zv `i mnvqzv mgm v `qvi wb q Avjvc Kv R wb qvwrz K ib wk Ki _v Kb DwPZ Zviv we klá köyx wk Ki wk K `i mv _ G KvR mg K i Kvh c wz cvv µg I ch e Y wklb cö qvrbxq Kiv Ges cwigvr b Zv `i K I m ½ Awf hvrb wb q Gme K ib Kvh c wzi Zviv wkqz Av jv K wk v_ xi cvv mv _ cwikíbv Avjv`vfv e Kiv A_ev - we kl GK`j wk v_ x `i wk v_ xi mv _ mnvqzv e mb Kivi Ges Ici Zv `i bvbv mgm v ai bi wb q ebcy K, Avjvc K ib g vmvwrb wk Ki wewfbœ DwPZ cöwzôv b we klá cviqv wk K `i hvq zjg mg KZ c Kvh c wz G ch e Y mkj ebcy K Kiv Ges msmön Zv `i K K i z j m ½ jvb eªwi wb q Gme cöwzôv Kvh c wzi Ki Z cv i Av jv K hv Z wk Kiv cvv cwikíbv Gmg Kiv DcKiY _ K cö qvrbxq Z_ I Ávb AvniY Ki Z cv i - we kl wk v_ x `i mnvqzv Kivi Ici bvbv ai bi ebcy K, g vmvwrb wewfbœ cöwzôv b cviqv hvq zj KZ c G mkj ebcy K msmön K i z j jvb eªwi cöwzôv Ki Z cv i hv Z wk KMY Gmg DcKiY _ K cö qvrbxq Z_ I Ávb AvniY Ki Z cv i 118 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

121

122 Awa ekb 1: we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkï `i Rb bgbxqzv D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - bgbxqzv wk Zv eys Z I ej Z cvi eb - GKxf~Z wk v ev evq bi Rb Kv_vq Kv_vq bgbxq n Z n e Zv mbv³ Ki Z cvi eb - Kvb Î wk ai bi bgbxq n Z n e Zvi GKwU mvaviy ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki Z cvi eb mgq 1 NÈv DcKiY wjwlz NUbv, cv vi ccvi, gvk vi, wd c PvU, gvwëwgwwqv c wz NUbv we k-ly, gy³ Av jvpbv, -vbw cö`k b cöwµqv AskMÖnYKvix `i ï f Qv Rvwb q Awa ek b cö ek Ki b Zv `i K ejyb GLb Avgiv GKwU NUbv ïbe G NUbvi g a A bk jv cö kœi DËi i q Q DËi jv Avcbv `i K Lyu R ei Ki Z n e myzivs NUbvwU kvbvi Î GKUz g bv hvmx n Z n e AvKl Yxqfv e NUbvwU Dc vcb Ki b Gici AskMÖnYKvix `i wr Ám Ki b NUbvi g a Kvb Kvb wel q gwiqg K Qvo `qv n q Q DËi ej Z mnvqzv Ki b Ges ch vqµ g wd c Pv U wjlyb cö Z KwU welq GK GK K i we k-ly Ki b AskMÖnYKvix `i wr Ám Ki b, bgbxqzv ej Z Avgiv wk eysjvg 2/3 R bi KvQ _ K DËi ïbyb Zv `i K ab ev` Rvwb q mnvqk Z _ i Av jv K welqwu cwi vi Ki b Ljvi Q j AskMÖnYKvix `i 4wU ` j fvm Ki b cv vi ccvi I gvk vi mieivn Ki b GKxf~Z wk v ev evqb Ki Z n j Kvb Kvb Î Avgv `i bgbxq _vkv `ikvi PvU AvKv i cv vi ccv i euv cv k bgbxqzvi Î Ges Wvb cv k bgbxqzvi aib wjl Z ejyb wjlvi Rb 10 wgwbu mgq w`b KvR k l cö Z K `j _ K GKRb K Dc vcb Ki Z ejyb Zv `i K ab ev` Rvbvb -vbw cö`k bi gva g cö qvrbxq Z_ mieivnc~e K mvims c Ki b 120 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

123 mnvqk Z_ GKRb gwiq gi Mí dvwzgv Avcy `L jb, ÒIn&, AvRI gwiqg z j Av mwb wk Kiv hvq? I `i evmvi Zv wpwb bv Ó A bk f ewp š wzwb K v mi wk v_ x `i wr Ám Ki jb GKRb wk v_ x ejj, Òg vwvg gwiqg Zv Avgv `i evmvi cv kb _v K Ó dvwzgv Avcy ej jb, ÒZvn j Zv fvjb nj zj QzwUi ci Avgv K GKUz wb q hi Zv I `i evmvq Ó QzwUi ci `yõrb gwiqg `i evmvq wm q ` Lb gwiqg Zvi QvU fvb K wb q Lj Q dvwzgv Avcy gwiqg K ej jb, ÒZzwg z j hv Q bv Kb?Ó gwiqg ejj, Òg vwvg, gv A bk iv Z evmvq d i mkv j Nyg _ K DV Z cvwi bv z j h Z Avgvi GKUz `wi nq ZvB Avcviv Lye ekvskv K ib Avevi z j _ K wdi Z GKUz `wi n j gv Kv R h Z cv i bv Kv R bv M j Avgv `i bv L q _vk Z nq Ó d Zgv Avcy `L jb ek wec` Zv wzwb VvÊv gv_vq f ewp š gwiqg K ej jb, ÒKvj _ K Zzwg z j hv e Avwg Zvgvi Avcy `i (Ab vb wk K K) e j `e, gwiqg GKUz `wi K ib z j Avm e Avi Zvgv K GKUz Av MB QzwU w` Z eje Zvn j Zzwg wvk mg q evmvq Avm Z cvi e Zvgvi gv K ej Avgvi m ½ GKUz `Lv Ki Z Ó gwiqg ivwr nj ciw`b _ K gwiqg wbqwgz z j Avmv ïi Kij Ab vb AvcvivI gwiqg K GLb Avi wkqz e jb bv wkš gwiqg covq ek wcwq q Av Q nv Z mgm v _vkvq jlvi MwZI ek Kg cix vi G m M Q dvwzgv Avcy ek wpš vq co jb gwiq gi Rb wk Kiv hvq? wzwb wk K `i e j w` jb, gwiqg hw` K v m Ab vb wk v_ x `i gz me cökœ ev me A¼ co Z/Ki Z bv cv i Z e g~j cökœ ev A¼ huv Zvi Rb LyeB `ikvwi ïay m jv Kiv Z/cov Z m ikgb Pj Z jvmj cix vi cökœcî ˆZwii mgq dwzgv Avcyi gwiq gi K_v g b coj wzwb cökœc Î Ggb wkqz cökœ ivl jb hv Z mvaviy wk v_ xiv Aš Z cvm b ^i cvq cö_g mgwqk cix v ïi nj dvwzgv Avcy gwiq gi jlvi Rb 20 wgwbu K i mgq evwo q w` jb wk K `i e j w` jb gwiq gi LvZvUv GKUz nvjkvfv e `L Z Gfv e wøzxq cix vq `Lv Mj gwiqg Av Mi Zzjbvq ek fvj Ki Q w`b w`b Zvi Drmvn evo Z ïi Kij Ges gy LI nvwm dz U DVj BwZg a B Zvi eüzi msl vi evo Z ïi K i Q GLb Avi m wb R K Ab `i _ K Avj`v g b K i bv dvwzgv Avcy gwiqg K wb q AviI GKUz fve jb wzwb wm jev m wkqz cwiez b Avb jb wk `i ej jb AvBBwc ˆZwi Ki Z wkš Zv ZI wzwb mš ó _vk Z cvi jb bv KviY gwiqg KvwiKzjv gi me welq cvi ji (evsjv, Bs iwr, MwYZ, c. c. mgvr, c. c. weávb, Bmjvg wk v, m½xz, A¼b) kixi PP v Kiv Zvi Rb LyeB Kómva KviY gwiqg kvixwikfv e (cöwzeüx) we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkï Zv K mgq ûbj Pqv i PjvPj Ki Z nq dvwzgv Avcy fve jb, G welqwu wb q KvwiKzjvg evw K wzwb wpwv wjl eb gwiq gi gz wk v_ x `i Rb KvwiKzjv gi wkqz bgbxqzv _vkv `ikvi BwZg a evwl K cix v kl n q Q djvdji cökvk Kiv n q Q wk Lywki msev`, gwiqg K v mi g a wøzxq n q Q! wk K `i cwikªg mv_ K n q Q bgbxqzv bgbxqzv nj: we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkï `i Rb cö qvrbxq mnvbyf~wzkxj Qvo D`nviY ^iƒc ejv hvq, Kvb K v m mevb hlb 6wU A¼ Ki Q ZLb nqz we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkïwui Rb 3/4wU A¼ `qv nj G Î GUvB nj H wkïi Rb bgbxqzv GKxf~Z wk v ev evq bi Î bgbxqzvi mvaviy Îmg~n - z j hviqv-avmvi mgq - KvwiKzjvg - wm jevm - kªyxk cvv`vb - cix vi mgq - cökœcî - ivbuvi mn hvwmzv - cix vi LvZv g~j vqb - AvPiY GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 121

124 µwgk bgbxqzvi mvaviy Îmg~n bgbxqzvi aib 1 z j hviqv-avmvi mg qi Î Kvb we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wk v_ x `Lv Mj mwvk mg q z j Avm Z cv iwb A_ev zj QzwU niqvi Av MB P j hviqvi Rb QUdU Ki Q m Î Zv K Zvi Awffve Ki mv _ Q o `qv 2 KvwiKzjv gi Î mikvwi KvwiKzjvg Abyhvqx cöv_wgk we` vj q mvaviyz evsjv, Bs iwr, MwYZ, c. c. mgvr, c. c. weávb, Bmjvg/wn `y ag wk v Ges Pvi Kvi cvv cov bv n q _v K hw` Kvb we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkï Pvi Kvi cvv Ki Z Amg_ n j Zv K Qvo w` Z n e 3 wm jev mi Î G Î mvaviy wkï `i ejvq hlv b 5wU KweZv ev 5wU A¼ Kiv bv n e mlv b we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkïi Rb Zvi mvg_ Abyhvqx 2wU ev 3wU ivlv h Z cv i 4 kªyxk cvv`v bi Î D`nviY ^iƒc ejv hvq, Kvb K v m mevb hlb 6wU A¼ Ki Q ZLb nqz we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkïwui Rb 3wU ev 4wU A¼ `qv hvq 5 cix vi mg qi Î G Î we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkïwui Rb 20/30 wgwbu mgq ewk eiv Ïi e e v Kiv h Z cv i 6 cökœc Îi Î we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkïwu ev axi wklb wkïwui Rb QvU cökœ Ges QvU DË ii e e v Kiv A_ev gšwlk cix vi cöpjbi Kiv hvq 7 ivbuv ii Î we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkïwui Rb GKRb jl Ki AbygwZ `qv h Z cv i 8 LvZv `Lvi Î LvZv `Lvi e vcv i A bkuv bgbxq niqv hvq, hgb: fyj evbv bi Î Qvo `qv GKUz nvjkvfv e LvZv ch e Y Kiv BZ vw` 9 AvPi Yi Î we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkï `i mv _ KvR Kivi mgq Avcbvi AvPiY K mshz I h_vm e wbqš Y ivl Z n e Ggb AvPiY cö`k b Kiv hv e bv hv Z wkïwu wkl bi AvMÖn nvwi q d j ïay we kl Pvwn`vm úbœ wkïb bq, mkj wkïi mv _ AvPi Yi bgbxqzv `Lv Z n e AwUw K, eyw, WvDb wmûªg, nvbcvia vw±f wkï `i mv _ KvR Kivi mgq Avcbv K Aek B wkïi Pvwn`vbyhvqx cvv`vb Ki Z n e g b ivlv `ikvi, Gme wkïiv hz Y ch š Avcbv K wbivc` g b bv Ki e ZZ Y ch š Avcwb Zv `i K cvv`v b m g n eb bv 122 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

125 Awa ekb 2: PvBì Uz PvBì A v cövp D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - PvBì Uz PvBì A v cövp wk Zv ej Z cvi eb - z j Kvb Kvb Î PvBì Uz PvBì A v cövp e envi Kiv hvq Zv mbv³ Ki Z cvi eb mgq 30 wgwbu DcKiY gvwëwgwwqv, ˆZwi -vbw c wz RywU Z KvR, eªbb wg s, -vbw cö`k b cöwµqv 1 AskMÖnYKvix `i cökœ K i R b wbb welqwu m ú K Zviv Rv b wk bv Rvbv _vk j 2/3 R bi DËi ïbyb mnvqk Z _ i Av jv K welqwu cwi vi Ki b AskMÖnYKvix `i RywU Z fvm Ki b z j Kvb Kvb Î Avgiv PvBì Uz PvBì A v cövp e envi Ki Z cvwi Zv cöwzwu RywU K Av jvpbv K i Zv `i LvZvq wjl Z ejyb mgq w`b 7 wgwbu KvR k l cö Z K RywU K (AvbKgb welq jv) Dc vcb Kivi my hvm w`b Dc vcb k l -vbw cö`k b c~e K cö qvrbxq Z_ mieivn K i mvims c Ki b Awa ek b ^Ztù Z AskMÖn Yi Rb mkj K ab ev` Rvwb q kl Ki b GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 123

126 mnvqk Z_ wk Ki PvBì Uz PvBì GKvi A v cövp c GKxf~Z nj wkïiv wk v GKwU ev evqb KvR Kiv Ki e m e hv ` L bq GRb Ab wkïivi mk ji G mw wjz ai bi KvR cöqvm Ki Z GKvš AvMÖnx Ri wi n e, wb gœ G hgb: wel q zj we vwiz AvwObvq Av jvpbv evmvb Kiv nj: - z ji Ab vb wk Ki civgk wbb hw`i GUv mpvivpi `Lv hvq bv Z e Gi gv b GB bq h, Avcwb e _ PvBì n q Qb Uz PvBì eis Avcwb A v cöv Pi A b i avcmg~n KvQ _ K cöpzi wkl Z cvi eb y ji wk K ev Kg xe ` mßv n GKRb wk K - Kvb welq GKwU wba viywklb mgm v ms c Av jvpbv Ki Z cv ib n Z cv i wk v`v bi Kvb KŠkj wb q Av jvpbv - ev wepvi wk v_ xi we k-lyavpiy wbqš Y msµvš Kvb mgm v I Zv mgvav bi Dcvq m ú K Av jvpbv BZ vw` Av jvpbvi - mgq Kg cwikíbv mgm vwu ˆZwi wb q mevb mw wjzfv e wpš v Ki b Ges Zv mgvav bi KŠkj _ K m e vëg KŠkjwU e Q - wbb KvR ïi z ji Kiv cöavb wk KI G ai bi wewfbœ c` c bqvi Rb we kl f~wgkv ivl Z cv ib - Ab vb g~j vqb wk Kiv Kxfv e K vm bb Zv ch e Yi Rb mgq e Q wbb Ges Avcbvi wk v`vb `Lvi Rb I - Avcbvi Kxfv e AviI mnkg x `i fvj Kiv Avgš Y hvq Rvbvb Zv LwZ q Zvici `Lv Avcbviv mw wjzfv e wvk Ki b h, wk v`v bi Kvb KŠkjwU me P q Kvh Ki wqj Ges KvbwUi AviI DbœwZi cö qvrb Av Q -PvBì mvg_ Uz I PvBì my hvm A v cövp _vk j yj Gi KZ c gva g wk K `i z j hme Kvb KvR cöwk Y Kiv cvvv Z hvq cv i cöwk Y k l wk Ke ` y ji - Ab vb zj AvwObv wk K cwi vi I Kg xi KivDcw wz Z Zv `i cöwk Yjä Ávb I ` Zv Dc vcb Ki Z cv ib - Lyu R MvQ jvmv bv `Lyb Avcbvi GjvKvq Kvb KwgDwbwUwfwËK cybe vmb cök íi Kg x ev Kvb we kl wk vi z ji wk K - i q Q evmvb Kiv wkbv Póv Ki b Zv `i m ½ `Lv Ki Z Ges Zv `i civgk wb Z Lye fvj nq hw` we klá Kg x ev - wk K A v m ^wj Avcbvi Av qvrb z j G m wk v_ xi mv _ K_v e j Ges wk v`vb KŠkj ch e Y K i, Avcbv K cö qvrbxq - civgk wk v_ xi `b cwi vi cwi QbœZv ch e Y - Kvb ^v m PZbZv Kvb ` k e w zj KZ c we kl wk v_ x `i Rb wkqz we klá wk K wb qvm K ib Gme wk K nq Zv - GKwU kªyxk z j mvrv bv A_ev GKvwaK y j cö qvrbxq mnvqzv `qvi Kv R wb qvwrz _v Kb Zviv köyx wk Ki mv _ - KvR cvv cwipvjbvq K i cvv µg mn hvwmzv I wklb cö qvrbxq cwigvr b I Awf hvrb K ib Zviv wkqz wk v_ xi mv _ Avjv`vfv e - A_ev wcwq q GK`j civ wk v_ x K wk v_ xi mn hvwmzv mv _ e mb Ges Zv `i mgm v wb q Avjvc K ib wk Ki DwPZ we klá wk K `i - G kªyxk mg Kvh c wz k Ljv ervq ch e Y ivlv Kiv Ges Zv `i K m ½ wb q Gme Kvh c wzi Av jv K cvv cwikíbv Kiv - we kl wez K cöwz hvwmzvi wk v_ x `i mnvqzv Av qvrb Kivi Ici bvbv ai bi ebcy K, g vmvwrb wewfbœ cöwzôv b cviqv hvq zj - KZ c mvs wzk G Abyôvb mkj ebcy K msmön K i z j jvb eªwi cöwzôv Ki Z cv i hv Z wk Kiv Gmg DcKiY _ K - cö qvrbxq evwo cwi`k b Z_ I Ávb AvniY Ki Z cv i 124 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

127

128 Awa ekb 1: ^íg~ j wk v DcKiY ˆZwi I e envi D Ïk GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - wk v DcKiY msmön I e envi m ú K Rvb Z I ej Z cvi eb - wk v DcKiY ˆZwi Kivi KŠkj R b Zv ˆZwi Ki Z cvi eb mgq 3 N Uv DcKiY wfc KvW, wmm bpvi cb, gvk vi, cv vi ccvi, AvU ccvi, KKkxU, Mvg, cwýj, kv c bvi, B irvi, g vw s Uc, KuvwP, KvMR, io, io cwýj, exwp, cv_i, Mv Qi cvzv I dzj, cv_i, KvwV, euvk, ez, KvV, kvjv, cy iv bv Kvco, evz ji wqwc, wewfbœ wrwb mi ev I c v KU BZ vw` c wz cö kœvëi, gy³ Av jvpbv, Rvovq KvR cöwµqv: 1 AskMÖnYKvix `i cökœ Ki b Zviv welqwu m ú K Rv b wk bv Rvbv _vk j 2/3 R bi DËi ïbyb mnvqk Z _ i Av jv K Zv `i K wk v DcKi Yi ˆewkó, e envi I msi Yi KŠkj m ú K cöv_wgk aviyv cö`vb Ki b mnvqk Z _ D j-wlz h Kvb 2wU DcKiY e envi K i `Lvb Gici cöwk Yv_ x `i K Rvov ˆZwi K i w`b cöwz Rvov K Kgc `ybwu K i DcKiY ˆZwi Ki Z ejyb Ges 1 N Uv mgq w`b DcKiY ˆZwi k l Zv `i K ˆZwiK Z DcKiY cö`k b Ki Z ejyb my `i my `i DcKiY ˆZwii Rb Z `i K cöksmv Ki b Ges mkvj _ K G ch š ^ZtùzZ AskMÖn Yi Rb ab ev` Rvwb q Awa ekb kl Ki b * Awa ekb k l 5 w` bi Av jvwpz welq jv ms c wiwfd Ki b Gici cö Z K K GKwU K i g~j vqb kxu cö`vb Ki b Ges Zv c~iy Kivi Rb 30 wgwbu mgq w`b mgq kl n j kxu jv msmön Ki b me k l mgvcyx Abyôv bi Av qvrb Ki b AskMÖnYKvix `i ga _ K 2Rb K (1Rb cyi l, 1Rb gwnjv) Abyf~wZ e v³ Kivi my hvm w`b Av qvrbkvix cöwzôv bi KD _vk j Zv K wkqy ej Z Aby iva Ki b m e vcwi G cöwk Y _ K AwR Z Ávb ev e Kv R jvmvevi Avkvev` e v³ K i Abyôv bi mgvwß Nvlbv Ki b 126 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

129 mnvqk Z_ wk v DcKi Yi ˆewkó - kªyx Dc hvmx DcKiY - welq Dc hvmx DcKiY - webvg~ j i DcKiY - Kgg~ j i DcKiY - AvKl Yxq DcKiY - UKmB DcKiY - mnrcövc DcKiY - cövk wzk DcKiY - wb R `i ˆZwi DcKiY - wbivc` DcKiY - mn R enb hvm DcKiY - mn R e envi hvm DcKiY - wkïi wekvk I wk v Dc hvmx DcKiY DcKiY cviqvi Dcvq Avgiv DcKiY `yõfv e c Z cvwi K.msMÖn K i L. ˆZwi K i msmön: DcKiY msmö ni mvaviy Dcvq jv nj: µq Kiv, cök wz _ K msmön Kiv Ges Ab K `ª _ K avi K i Avbv A_ev wewbgq Kiv ˆZwi: DcKiY cviqvi cöavb Dcvq nj: DcKiY ˆZwi Kiv Avgiv webv Li P ev Lye Kg Li P wb RivB A bk DcKiY ˆZwi Ki Z cvwi GRb e envi Kiv hvq wewfbœ cövk wzk wrwbm Ges d j `qv wrwbm, hgb: Mv Qi cvzv I dzj, cv_i, KvwV, euvk, ez, KvV, kvjv, exwp, cy iv bv Kvco, evz ji wqwc, wewfbœ wrwb mi ev I c v KU BZ vw` DcKiY e envi KŠkj - DcKiY wkïi nv Zi bvmv ji g a _vk Z n e - K `ª mvrv bvi DcKiY wkïi Pv Li bvmv j _vk e - GKB DcKiY wewfbœ wel q e envi Ki Z n e - GKB welqe Dc vc b A bk ikg DcKiY e envi Ki Z n e GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 127

130 - GKB DcKiY wewfbœfv e e envi Ki Z n e - DcKiY AvKl Yxqfv e Dc vcb Ki Z n e - wkï `i ^vaxbfv e DcKiY e envi Ki Z w` Z n e DcKiY msi Yi KŠkj - DcKiY Ggb RvqMvq ivl Z n e hb wkïiv mn RB bvovpvov Ki Z cv i - hzœkvix `i mnvqzvq wkïiv wb Riv DcKiY msmön Ki e - KvM Ri ˆZwi DcKiY jv cwjw_ b f i ivl Z n e - exwp, cv_i BZ vw` DcKiY jv c-vw Ki KŠUvq f i ivl Z n e - gi P c o Ggb DcKiY io w` q ivl Z n e - DcKiY msi Yi Rb cyi bv ev, Kv Vi ZvK, P Ui e vm, euv ki kî, BZ vw` Kg `vwg wrwb mi g a f i ivl Z n e ^íg~ j wk v cvkiy cö Z: cöwk Y K 2wU DcKiY ˆZix K i `Lvb Ges Ab b DcKiY cö wzi KŠkj n vûavdu AvKv i cö`vb Ki b i Z c~y wkqz wklb-wk Y DcKiY ˆZwi I wb ` kbvmg~n 1. wcivwgw wb q hv Mi Ljv D Ïk - 25 A_ev 50 Aewa hvm - c q Ui wn me ivlv - AvOy j mœvqykw³i wekvk mgq: 40 wgwbu DcKiY - e ov `kjvb ev i 10wU Uª - AvVv ev cjvi - Kvb cy iv bv K v jûvi _ K K U biqv 1 _ K 10-Gi msl vm~pk - c-vw Ki evzvg A_ev jy Wvi Mvj wu 128 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

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132 - wkïwu K ej Z n e wrwbmwu Kx, Kxfv e Gi e envi nq, Kv_vq Gi e envi nq - wkïwu K wrwbmwu evg nv Z ivl Z ej Z n e - Gevi wkïwu Avevi Zvi Wvb nvz e v M XvKv e Ges h wrwbmwu Av M Zz j Q Zvi RvovwU K Abyf e LuvRvi Póv Ki e - RvovwU cviqv M j wrwbmwu Avevi e v M ivl Z ej Z n e Avi c ii wkïwui GKB c wz Z AviI wkqz Zzj e - cöwzwu wkï K Ljvi my hvm w` Z n e - mgq mgq cyi bv wkqz wrwbm K Zz j d j bzzb wrwbm i L wkï `i AevK K i w` Z n e muv `y Uv Avjy A_ev `y Uv QvU e bi n Z cv i 3. Mí ejv evwji ev D Ïk - kãfvêvi e w Kiv - Kíbv kw³ e w Kiv - Mí ejvi gzv e w Kiv mgq: 1 NÈv DcKiY - GKwU k³ ev i XvKbv ev c-vw Ki ev ev GKwU Uª - wkqz cwigvy cwi vi evwj - KuvwP Ges AvVv - Mí ejvi Rb K U ivlv Qwe - cö Z K Qwei cqb w` K jvmvevi Rb wkqz KvwV ˆZwii cöwµqv - XvKbv A_ev Uª-wU Z evwj fwz Ki Z n e - M íi bvbv PwiÎ Ges MvQ, evwo, Mvwo BZ vw`i Qwe jv K U wb q k³ Kv W i Ici mu U w` Z n e Gevi Zv `i AvKvi Abymv i K U wb Z n e 130 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

133 - Gevi AvBmwµ gi KvwV A_ev H RvZxq Ab Kv bv KvwV wb q AvVv, Uc A_ev myub-my Zvi mvnv h Qwei wcq b AvU K w` Z n e - KvwV jv AvUKvevi mgq `L Z n e hv Z cö Z K Qwei Zjvi w`k _ K 2 Bw K i ewi q _v K ev cöwz Qwei Zjvi w` K 1 Bw ev Zvi wkqz ewk ev Kg duvkv RvqMv Qvov _v K e envi c wz - Mí ejvi mgq, cöwzwu Qwei KvW K evwji Ici cuy Z w` q Ggbfv e `uvo Kiv Z n e hv Z cö Z K mn R Zv `L Z cvq MíwU G Mvevi m ½ m ½ NUbv Abymv i Qwe jv K Gw`K-Iw`K Ki Z n e - wkï `i nv Z wewfbœ Qwe w` Z n e Ges wb R `i gz Mí ˆZwi K i ejvi Rb ej Z n e 4. grv`vi kã D Ïk - aÿwb Z g j Ggb PwjZ kã cov Ges evbvb Kiv - wb R wb R hvpvb Kiv DcKiY - bx P hgb Qwe `qv Av Q mikg j ^v A bk jv k³ Kv W i dvwj K U wb Z n e - wølwêz wcb hv e ov e ov Lvg AvUKvevi Rb e envi Kiv nq - Kv jv gvwk s cb - AwZ QvU QvU mvaviy e i Qwe - A bk jv gryz Kivi ev ( gvuvgywu mvev bi KŠ Uvi gv ci n e) hvi Kv bvwu Z RxeRš, Kv bvwu Z cwienb msµvš welqmg~n, Kv bvwu Z M nm¾vi miäv gi Qwe BZ vw` ivlv hv e e envi c wz - Kvb GKwU kã ˆZwi Ki Z M j hz jv dvwj-kv W i `ikvi ZZ jv wb Z n e D`vniY ^iƒc ÔcvLvÕ kãwui Rb ÔcvÕ+ÔLvÕ (2 dvwj-kvw ), Avjgvwi =Avj& + gv + wi (3 dvwj-kvw ) h nzz GLv b Avj& A_ vr ÔAvÕ c~y D PviY I ÔjÕ Aa D PviY wg j GKwU aÿwb ˆZwi K i Q, myzivs Avj& kãwu GKwU ev W i g a _vk e - cöwz dvwj Z GKwU A i A_ev GKvwaK A i jlv h Z cv i - kãwui m ½ mvgäm c~y QwewU kl dvwj-kv W i cq b jvmv bv _vk e (wkïiv hv Z wb RivB kãwu K hvpvb K i wb Z cv i ) - GKwU kã cy iv jlv n q M j dvwj jv K GKmv _ a i A i jlv w`kwui mvrv wecixz w` K GKwU K úvm ev cvâ gwkb w` q GKwU dz Uv Ki Z n e - Gevi GKwU wølwêz c ikm` k wcb H dz Uvi g a XywK q w` q AvU K w` Z n e hv Z Rvcvwb nvzcvlvi gz mwu K mn RB Lvjv hvq Ges kãwui cöwzwu A i GKm ½ Pv L c o GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 131

134 5. iwob bj A_ev iwob AvOwU D Ïk - io mbv³kiy - AvOy ji cwki DbœwZ - aviqvi hvm big Ljbv DcKiY - cuvpwu AwZ D¾ j cwj q vi ev bvbj bi Kvco (meyr, Kgjv, njy`, jvj, bxj) - úä ev dvg hv Pqv ii Mw` ˆZwi Z jv M ev mvb K ji wm U jv M - Kv jv `wo ˆZwii c wz - Kvco jv K gvuvgywu 5 Bw em Ni A_ev 10 m wg em N i K U wb Z n e - úäwu KI gvuvgywu H gv cb K U wb Z n e 2 ev 3 AvOy ji gz PIov n e - `ywu Kvco K GKmv _ a i avi w` q mjvb Ki Z n e - Gevi j ^vi w` K GKwU j ^v b ji gz K i Kvco jv K mjvb K i w` Z n e - b ji GKUv gyl mjvb K i eü K i w` Z n e - bjwu K Nywi q Wvbw` K evi K i w` Z n e - GKwU úä bjwui k l XywK q w` Z n e - Gevi Kv jv `wo w` q bjwu K k³ K i euva Z n e hv Z úäwu c ii i Oi fvmwu _ K Avjv`v _v K GBfv e bjwu K fwz Ki Z n e - GwU K iwob b ji gz ˆZwi Ki Z PvB j, bjwui gylwu mjvb K i AvU K w` Z n e - GwU K GKwU wis ev AvOwU ˆZwi Ki Z PvB j GKwU gyl wb q Av ikwu gy Li mv _ Kv jv `wo w` q AvU K w` Z n e ms KZ: bvbjb ev cwj v ii kvwoi dj&m w` q GwU ˆZwi Kiv mvrv 5wU i Oi dj&m wk b úäwu K dj&mwui Abycv Z K U wb jb n e e envi c wz - mnr wbivc` big Ljbv wn m e e envi Kiv h Z cv i - io m ^ Ü ejv h Z cv i Ges H me i Oi Ab wrwbm LuvRv h Z cv i - wiswu K Qyu o w` q jy d biqv h Z cv i A_ev nuvu Z nuvu Z gv_v w` q e vjvý (fvimv g i Ljv) Kiv h Z cv i 132 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

135 6. b ^i `qv c KU D Ïk - 1 _ K 10 Mvbv - kãfvêvi evov bv DcKiY - 1 c v KU cy iv bv Zvm wksev gvcgz K U biqv wmöwus Kv W i UzK iv - h Kvb mvaviy wrwb mi ilvwpî wmöwus Kv W i LÊ jvi Ici AuvK Z n e A_ev Zv mi Mv q H RvZxq ilvwpî AuvKv KvMR mu U A_ev cj K i AvU K w` Z n e - cv Awd m h ikg gvwk b Kvco e envi K i mikg Kvc oi Ici GK dvwj iwob Kvco mjvb K i wb Z n e Zvici iwob KvcowUi g a g a mjvb K i 10Uv c KU ˆZwi Ki Z n e c v KU jvi Ici cici 1 _ K 10 Aewa wj L w` Z n e ev Ggeª qvwvwi K i w` Z n e Gevi gvwk b KvcoUvi Ic ii w` K Pvi U AvsUv mjvb K i w` Z n e hv Z K v mi g a Szwj q `qv hvq e envi c wz - Qwe jv `L Z n e cö Z KwU wrwb mi bvg Ges we vwiz cwipq Kwi q w` Z n e msl v Y Z ej Z n e - Qwei gyl bx Pi w` K K i KvW jv K GK Zv K ivl Z n e wkï `i ej Z n e mevb GKUv K i KvW wb q, Qwei bvg I msl v e j mwu wvk mb msl v jlv c K U ivl e - m ú~y evk wu ejvi R b wkï `i DrmvwnZ Ki Z n e, hgb: ÔAvgvi 5Uv jvj ejyb Av Q Avwg GwU 5 bs c K U ivle Õ - mg c KU jv GK GK K i fwz n q hv e, hgb: h wkï 1Uv evwo ev GKUv wwg ev Mvwoi Qwe c q Q m mg Uv cy iv K_vq ej e Ges mwu K 1bs c K U i L ` e Zvici h wkï 2wU PvL, 2wU PwU wksev 2wU gvrvi Qwe c q Q mi GKBfv e me Ki e GBfv e me c KU jv G K G K f i hv e - wk K wbw`ó msl K nvzzvwj ` eb, hgb: 4 evi nvzzvwj w` j hw` `Lv hvq, h wkïwu 4 bs KvW wu c q Q m me P q Av M wm q 4bs c K U ivl Z c i Q, m werqx n e 7. Quvov Ges Mvbv D Ïk - mnr hvm - c q Ui wnmve ivlv - cvjv K i Ljv - PvL I nv Zi wbqš Y GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 133

136 DcKiY - mvzwu AvBmwµ gi evwu A_ev Pv qi Kvc - mvzwu eo evzvg A_ev wu RvZxq exr ˆZwi I e envi c wz - Avavi jv K g Si Ici GKwU dz ji AvKv i mvrv Z n e - cöwz cv Îi gvslv b io K i A_ev iwob KvM R X K w` Z n e cöwz cv Îi io A_ev KvM Ri io hb Avjv`v nq G Z cvî jv K mn R wpb Z myweav n e - wkï `i G K G K GKwU RvqMvq w i n q `uvov Z ej Z n e wbw` ó RvqMvq `uvwo q mvzwu evzvg A_ev mewr exr GKwU GKwU K i Quy o Avjv`v cv Î djvi Rb wb ` k w` Z n e mdj n j c q U cv e dz ji wvk gvslv bi cvîwui Rb 2 Ges cvcwoi jvi cö Z KwUi Rb 1 K i b ^i _vk e bv cvi j A_ vr evzvg ev exr gvwu Z co j 0 c q U `ªóe : hw` e ov nvjkv i Oi wu ev exr nq Zvn j Kv jv Kvwji cb w` q bvk, gyl, `n Gu K mwu K gšgvwq ev Ab IB RvZxq cz½ ˆZwi Kiv h Z cv i Zvn j LjvwU n e, gšgvwq dz ji gay msmön Ki Z hv Q A_ev cz½ Ajmfv e nuvu Q i Z c~y wkqz GbviRvBRvi (m ZwRKiY) cöwµqv cykzi cvo D Ïk : wsgywbfve KvwU q m ZwRKiY mgq: 5 wgwbu cöwµqv avc 1: cöwk Y AskMÖnYKvix `i mevb K e ËvKv i `uvov Z ejyb avc 2: e Ë ˆZwi n j ejyb, Avgv `i mevb K fve Z n e mvg b GKUv cykzi Av Q mb cykz i bvg Z n e ZvB hlb cykzi cvo ejv n e ZLb mevb K Wvb cv mvg b evwo q w` Z n e Avevi hlb cvo ejv n e ZLb mevb K cv Zz j Av Mi RvqMvq Avb Z n e avc 3: GLb AskMÖnYKvix `i ga _ K h KvbI GKRb K mvg b `uvwo q `ª Z GKevi cykzi Av ikevi cvo ej Z ejyb wzwb nvvr GKevi cykzi cvo e` j D ëvfv e ej eb cvo-cykzi ZLb hw` KD Wvb cv cykz i bvwg q `b Z e wzwb ev` co eb A_ vr e Ë _ K ewi q Avm eb Ggwb K i KLbI cykzi cvo KLbI cvo-cykzi ch vqµ g ejv n e ax i ax i A b KB cykz i Wz e hv eb whwb kl ch š wu K _vk eb Zv K werqx NvlYv Ki b avc 4: mkj K AskMÖn Yi Rb ab ev` Rvwb q kl Ki b 134 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

137 mnvq Ki Rb wb ` kbv - `ycy ii Lvev ii ciez x Kvh µ g hvevi Av M e envi Kiv DËg - Ab h Kvb mgq e envi Kiv h Z cv i - cwiw wz ey S nv Z mgq _vk ji GwU e envi Kiv h Z cv i ßab D vi D Ïk : RoZv gvpb I cwiwpz niqv mgq: 1 NÈv DcKiY: AskMÖnYKvix `i mgmsl K juvix cöwµqv avc 1: cö_ g AskMÖnYKvix `i mgmsl K juvix kxu wbb ïay GKwU juvix kx U dzj AuvKv _vk e avc 2: juvix kxu jv K i g a Qwo q w`b Ges cö Z K AskMÖnYKvix K GKwU K i kxu Zz j wb Z ejyb wb Ri Avm b wm q em Z ejyb avc 3: dzj AuvKv wpikzu whwb cv eb Zv K mk ji mvg b G m wb Ri bvg, c`ex, msmvb, MÖvg, ˆeevwnK Ae v, kl BZ vw` ejvi Rb Aby iva Ki b mg Z_ Rvbv bvi ci Zv K ejyb GLb Ab AskMÖnYKvix `i ga _ K ßab A_ vr Kvi wk cöwzfv Av Q Zv Zv K Luy R ei Ki Z n e Aby iva Ki b wzwb hb Kv iv bvg e jb hv K g b nq GKRb bvqk wzwb hvi bvg ej eb Zv K mk ji mvg b G m `uvov Z ejyb cö_grb K wb Ri Avm b em Z ejyb avc 4: bvqk e w³wu cö_ g Zvi bvg, c`we, msmvb, MÖvg, ˆeevwnK Ae v, kl BZ vw` Rvbv eb Zvici Zvi Pv L bvwqkv n Z cv ib Ggb GKR bi bvg ej Z ejyb avc 5: Gfv e mkj AskMÖnYKvix K AvnŸvb Rvbvb Ges bvg cwipq k l AviI wkqz myß cöwzfv Luy R ei Ki Z ejyb, hgb: - K gvbyl nvmv Z cv i - K MvqK - K Awf bzv - K evk& cöwzeüxi Awfbq Ki Z cv i - Kv K exicyi l g b n Q - K Kuv`v Z cv i - K GK wgwbu `g eü K i ivl Z cv i - K Rv i wprkvi Ki Z cv i - Kvi nv Zi jlv my `i - K ewk L Z cv i GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 135

138 avc 6: mevi D Ï k ejyb Avgiv mevb Avbw `Z h, GLv b A bk ßab Luy R c qwq AZGe cöwk Y PjvKv j Avgiv Gme cöwzfvi cökvk `L ev avc 7: mkj AskMÖnYKvixi gzvgz R b wbb Ges cwipq c e i Av M Ges c ii g bi Ae vi cv_ K Av Q wk bv Zv R b mkj K ab ev` Rvwb q kl Ki b mnvq Ki Rb wb ` wkkv cö qvrbxq DcKiY Av M _ KB msmön K i ivlyb Ic i ewy Z ZvwjKvi evb ii AviI AvKl Yxq ßab ei n Z cv i hv mnvqk wbr ^ we epbvgz mgš^q Ki eb wb Ri RvqMv K i bvi D Ïk : m ZwRKiY I `jfz³ niqvi Dcw Z ` Zv ˆZwi mgq: 15 wgwbu cöwµqv avc 1: AskMÖnYKvix `i K i g a ^vaxbfv e Pjv div Ki Z ejyb avc 2: mevb K cövy Ly j, D P ^ i nv nv K i nvm Z ejyb Zvici ejyb, QvU wkïi gz evqbv Ki Z avc 3: Gfv e AviI 2/3wU welq ejvi ci nvvr ejyb, Gevi Avcbviv GB Ae v ZB 6 R bi GKwU K i `j ˆZwi Ki b avc 4: mk j `j ˆZwi Z e n q co j wkqz mgq ci Zv `i _vwg q w`b avc 5: G Ae vq `Lv hv e K qkrb ZLbI Kvb `jfz³ n Z cv ibwb Zviv Ljv _ K ev` co eb avc 6: Gici Avevi cö_g _ K Ljv ïi Ki b Z e Gevi 6 R bi e` j Ab msl v, hgb: 4 ev 5 R bi `j ˆZwi Ki Z ejyb `Lv hv e K qkrb ` j XzK Z cv ibwb Gevi ZvivI ev` co eb avc 7: mkj K ab ev` Rvwb q Ljv kl Ki b mnvq Ki Rb wb ` kbv cöwk Y PjvKv j `j MV bi cö qvrb n j GB cöwµqvq `j MVb Kiv h Z cv i Avevi AskMÖnYKvix `i GK Nu qwg `~i Kivi Rb wksev Nyg Nyg fve `~i Kivi Rb I GB AbykxjbwU Kiv h Z cv i 136 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

139 Rxe bi iyxq j D Ïk : cvi úwik m úk vcb mgq: 20 wgwbu DcKiY: cöwk Yv_ x `i mgmsl K mv`v kxu cöwµqv avc 1: mkj K GKwU K i mv`v kxu weziy Ki b avc 2: cö Z K AskMÖnYKvix K mb wk U Rxe bi iyxq GKwU j gvivi K_v (wg_ v ejv) wjl Z ejyb mgq w`b 5 wgwbu avc 3: mevb K ejyb wk U bvg ev Kvb mvs KwZK wpý bv wjl Z avc 4: mk ji jlv kxu msmön Ki b Gevi G jv G jv g jvfv e mkj K weziy Ki b avc 5: GKRb K wewbgq K i cviqv wk Ui jlv c o kvbv Z ejyb mgq w`b 5 wgwbu cov kl n j AskMÖnYKvix `i Kvb jwu Kvi Zv Abygvb Ki Z ejyb Gfv e mk ji jlv cvv I D ZKvix wpwýz Kiv kl n j Ljv kl n e avc 6: mkj K ab ev` Rvwb q Ljv kl Ki b mnvq Ki Rb wb ` wkkv GB Abykxjb wjl Z co Z cv i Ggb cöwk Yv_ x `i Rb Uvbv cöwk Yi 2/1 w`b AwZevwnZ nevi ci hlb mk ji g a cvi úwik m úk vwcz n e ZLb GwU e envi hvm Abykxj bi ïi Z jlvi Kvb Akvjxb kã ev Mí bv e envi Kivi Rb wb ` kbv w`b `L ivgvbvi evnvi D Ïk : we bv` bi gva g RoZv gvpb I RZvi AvMÖn m wó mgq: 15 wgwbu DcKiY: wuc cvzv (5wU) cöwµqv avc 1: AskMÖnYKvix `i g a hv `i bv gi Av` v i m Ges g, Ggb cuvprb K mvg b AvnŸvb Ki b g b ivl eb, AwaK msl K cöwk Yv_ xi bv gi Av` v i huv n e mb A ii bv gi AskMÖnYKvix `ii AvnŸvb Ki Z cv ib GLv b m Ges g ïay D`vni Yi Rb e envi Kiv n q Q GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 137

140 avc 2: Zv `i cö Z K K GKwU K i wuc cvzv w`b, `yb wgwb Ui fzi cö Z K K IB wuc cvzv _ K wuc Ly j wb q gy L jvmv Z ejyb avc 3: eivï mg qi g a whwb ewk wuc jvmv Z cvi eb Zv K werqx NvlYv Ki b GB AskMÖnYKvix `i mviv gy L wuc jvmv bv ` L mevb Lye Avb ` cv e avc 4: mkj K ab ev` Rvwb q Ljv kl Ki b mnvq Ki Rb wb ` kbv cöwk Yi 2/3 w`b ci GB AbykxjbwU Kiv h Z cv i bvix-cyi l Dfq ai bi AskMÖnYKvix Av Q Ggb ai bi cöwk Y hw` KD GB Abykxj b Ask wb Z AvcwË K i, Zvn j Zv K Rvi K i eva Kiv _ K weiz _vkzb Av M _ KB DcKiY msmön K i ivl Z n e wcöq e w³z D Ïk : we bv` bi gva g RbwcÖqZv hvpvb mgq: 20 wgwbu DcKiY: KvMR, Kjg cöwµqv avc 1: mkj AskMÖnYKvix K Ab GKwU K wb q wm q AskMÖnYKvix `i KvD K D Ïk K i wpwv wjl Z ejyb avc 2: Rvwb q w`b, cöi Ki bvg wvkvbv jlv hv e bv mgq w`b 5 wgwbu avc 3: wpwv jlv kl n q M j, cî jlk K g~j K wm q cövc Ki Avm bi mvg b myweavrbk RvqMvq wpwvuv i L Avm Z ejyb avc 4: Gfv e mevi n q M j Avevi mkj K g~j K wd i h Z ejyb avc 5: K KZ wpwv c q Qb Zv wnmve Ki b Ae k l, me vwak wpwv cövc Ki Kv Q Rvb Z Pvb Zvi GZ RbwcÖqZvi KviY Kx? AskMÖnYKvixMYI GB cö kœi DËi w` Z cvi eb avc 6: mkj K ab ev` Rvwb q Ljv kl Ki b mnvq Ki Rb wb ` wkkv cöwk Yi 2/3 w`b ci GB AbykxjbwU Kiv h Z cv i GB Ljvq Avcwb wb R Ask b eb bv A_ vr Avcwb KvD K wpwv wjl eb bv Ges Avcbv KI KD wpwv wjl e bv 138 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

141 wpwv jlvi gz Avjv`v K cviqv bv M j cöwk Y K wu e envi Ki b Ges cö qvrb Abyhvqx AskMÖnYKvix `i `yõgkevi fzi-evwni Ki b mveav bi gvi bb D Ïk : kvixwik RoZv gvpb I we bv` bi gva g Avb ` `vb mgq: 15 wgwbu cöwµqv avc 1: mkj AskMÖnYKvix K e ËvKv i `uvov Z ejyb Ggbfv e nvz g j `uvov Z ejyb hv Z G K Ac ii nv Z nvz i L Zvwj w` Z ejyb avc 2: cö_grb K Wvb nvz w` q Wvbcv ki R bi Wvb nv Z Zvwj w` Z ejyb Zvwj `qvi mgq wzwb gy L ej eb 1 Gevi wøzxqrb K Z ZxqR bi Wvb nv Z Zvwj w` Z ejyb Ges Zvwj `qvi mgq wzwb gy L ej eb 2 Gfv e Zvwj evrv bv I msl v ejv Pj Z _vk e avc 3: 9 b ^i e w³ hlb 10 b ^i e w³i nv Z Zvwj w` Z hv eb ZLb 10 b ^i e w³ hw` Zvi nvzuv PU K i mwi q wb Z cv ib Zvn j 9 b ^i Zvwj w` Z e _ n eb Ges wzwb Ljv _ K ev` co eb wkš hw` 10 b ^i nvz miv Z e _ nb Z e wzwbb Ljv _ K ev` co eb avc 4: Gfv e Lj Z Lj Z whwb kl ch š wu K _vk eb Zv K werqx NvlYv Ki b avc 5: mkj K ab ev` Rvwb q Ljv kl Ki b mnvq Ki Rb wb ` kbv cöwk Yi 2/3 w`b ci GB AbykxjbwU Kiv h Z cv i cwipvjbvi mgq cy iv cöwµqvwu K h_v_ fv e mg ^q Ki Z n e Kvb AskMÖnYKvix hw` AskMÖnY Ki Z Awb QzK nb Z e Zv K Rvi Kiv _ K weiz _vkzb B jkwuªk kk D Ïk : Avb ` cö`vb mgq: 10 wgwbu cöwµqv avc 1: mkj AskMÖnYKvix K Mvj n q `uvov Z ejyb avc 2: AskMÖnYKvix `i ga _ K mvnmx GKRb K e Q wbb Zv K K i evb i Ggb `~i Z h Z ejyb hv Z fz ii Kvb K_v wzwb ïb Z bv cvb GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 139

142 avc 3: Gici mkj K LjvwU eyws q w`b e Ëi GKRb K wbe vpb Ki b, hv K B jkwuªk Zv ii wq`ª aiv n e hvi Kcv j nvz Quvqv bv n j wzwb Ges Zvi cv ki `yõrb ÔAvn!Õ e j wprkvi K i DV eb g b n e hb úk Kvixi B jkwuªk kk j M Q mvnmx e w³ K GB Zv ii wq`ª Luy R ei Kivi Rb ejv n e wzwb Zv ii wq`ª LuyR Z wm q GB AcÖZ vwkz wprkv i fo K hv eb hv Ab mevb K Avb ` ` e avc 4: Gevi evb i Ae vbkvix mvnmx e w³ K fz i W K wbb Ges e ËUv K GKwU ˆe`y wzk Zvi Kíbv K i Zv _ K wq`ª (hvi Kcv j nvz Quvqv j kk jv M) Luy R ei Ki Z ejyb avc 5: mvnmx e w³ hw` ewk fo K bv hvb Z e Zv K evnev w`b ewk fo K M j Avk Ki b avc 6: mkj K ab ev` Rvwb q Ljv kl Ki b mnvq Ki Rb wb ` wkkv cöwk Yi 2/3 w`b ci GB AbykxjbwU Kiv h Z cv i m fb Avc D Ïk : g bv hvm e w Ges Avb ` Avni Yi gva g RoZv we gvpb mgq: 15 wgwbu cöwµqv avc 1: mkj AskMÖnYKvix K Mvj n q `uvov Z ejyb avc 2: mkj K Iqvb, Uz, w_ª K i cici msl v Y Z ejyb, hgb: cö_g e w³ Iqvb, wøzxq e w³ Uz, Zvic ii Rb w_ª Gfv e ej Z _vk eb Z e GB MYbv Pj Z _vkv Ae vq hvi hvi fv M m fb msl vwu co e wzwb IB msl v D PviY Kivi cwie Z ej eb ÔAvcÕ Ges GKB mv _ nvz Zzj eb gv_vi Ici Avi fyjµ g hw` MYbv K i d jb Zvn j wzwb Ljv _ K ev` co eb G Ae vq Ab iv Avevi cö_g _ K Y eb avc 3: Gfv e LjvwU Pj Z _vk e Póv Ki b hv Z mk jb Lye `ª Z wbr wbr b ^i MYbv K i avc 4: mkj K ab ev` Rvwb q Ljv kl Ki b mnvq Ki Rb wb ` kbv cöwk Yi 2/3 w`b ci GB AbykxjbwU Kiv h Z cv i eov ji gvsm LuvRv mevb e ËvKv i `uvov eb GKRb n eb eovj wzwb _vk eb e Ëi gvslv b wzwb e Ë `uvov bv wewfbœ R bi Kv Q hv eb Ges wguqvi wguqvi K i WvK eb hvi Kv Q wm q eovj `uvov e wzwb ej eb Ab evwo hvi wkš eovj bvbv ikg A½fw½/gyLfw½ Ki e G Z whwb n m dj eb wzwb n eb bzzb eovj 140 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

143 g~wz ˆZwi Kiv cöwk Yv_ x `i cö_ g mgmsl K `yõjvb b `uvov Z ejyb GK jvbb n e gvwu Ges Ab jvbb n e cvj ev KvwiMi KvwiMi gvwui jvbb K B QgZ wewfbœ ai bi g~wz ˆZwi Ki eb Gfv e 2q `j KvwiMi n eb 1g `j gvwu n eb Ges GKB KvR Ki eb fzj cwipq D Ïk : cöwk Yv_ x `i cvi úwik hvmv hvm ` Zv e w mgq: wgwbu DcKiY: bg KvW cöwµqv avc 1: AskMÖnYKvixMY hlb i g XyK eb ZLb Zv `i cö Z Ki nv Z wbr wbr bg KvW bv w` q Ab cöwk Yv_ x `i bg KvW w`b avc 2: mkj K KvW `qv n q M j h h bg KvW cv eb Zv K mb bv gi e w³ K Luy R ei Ki Z ejyb cöwµqv Pj Z _vk e hz Y ch š bv A a KmsL K AskMÖnYKvix mwvk e w³ K Luy R cvq avc 3: mkj K AskMÖn Yi Rb ab ev` Rvwb q kl Ki b QvU `j MVb ckv w` q `j MVb cöwk Yv_ x `i mgvb msl K KvW Av M _ K cö Z K i ivl Z n e juvixi gva g cöwk Yv_ xiv cö Z K GKwU K i KvW msmön Ki eb KD KvD K wb Ri KvW `Lv eb bv Ges A b i KvW `L eb bv hlb ejv n e cwiev ii m`m iv GKwÎZ nvb ZLb GKB cwiev ii m`m iv Ab vb m`m `i Lu R ei Ki eb Ges GKwÎZ n q `j MVb Ki eb Kv W jlv _vk Z cv i: 1. R j evev, R j gv, R j Q j, R j g q, R j `v`y 2. Wv³vi evev, Wv³vi gv, Wv³vi Q j, Wv³vi g q, Wv³vi bvwb 3. wk K evev, wk K gv, wk K Q j, wk K g q, wk K bvbv 4. K lk `vw`, K lk evev, K lk gv, K lk Q j, K lk g q Kv Ri gva g `j MVb cöwk Yv_ x `i mgmsl K KvW Av M _ K cö Z K i ivl Z n e Kv W KZK jv Kv Ri K_v jlv _vk e cöwk Yv_ x `iv e ËvKv i `uvov eb Zviv e Ëi gvslv b ivlv KvW _ K GKwU K i KvW msmön GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 141

144 Ki eb KD hb Kv iv KvW bv ` Lb mw` K we kl bri ivl Z n e mevi KvW msmön kl n j mevb Kv W jlv KvR GKmv _ ïi Ki eb KvR Ki Z Ki Z mvg b GwM q hv eb cö Z K wbr KvR Ki eb Ges j Ki eb Avi K K Zvi gz GKB KvR Ki Qb hviv GKB ik gi KvR Ki Qb Zviv GK Î GKwU `j MVb Ki eb Ges cöwk Y K i GKcv k Ae vb b eb Kv W jlv KvR jv n Z cv i: 1. Rvgvi evzvg jvmv Z jvmv Z GwM q hvb 2. bškv Pvjv Z Pvjv Z GwM q hvb 3. avb KvU Z KvU Z GwM q hvb 4. D Vvb Svo w` Z w` Z GwM q hvb Rxeb Zix Ljvi gva g `j MVb mkj AskMÖnYKvix K Mvj n q `uvov Z Ges mevb K e ËvKv i Rv i Rv i Nyi Z ejyb Gevi AskMÖnYKvix `i ejyb Avgv `i GB cöwk Y K wu n Q GKwU eo RvnvR g b Ki b RvnvRwU mgy `ªi g a w` q hv Q nvvr cöpê So ïi nj RvnvRwU S o `yj Q, h Kvb gyn~ Z Wz e h Z cv i euvpvi Rb Rvnv Ri g a h Rxeb Zix jv Av Q m jv a i Avcbviv euvp Z cvi eb Rxeb Zix aivi wbqg n Q Gi Mv q msl v jlv Av Q (GB msl v mnvqk gy L ej eb) mnvqk gy L h msl v D PviY Ki eb mb msl K AskMÖnYKvix GK Î Mvj n q nvz a i `uvwo q hv eb AskMÖnYKvixi msl v Abyhvqx Rxeb Zixi msl v ejyb 1, 2, 3 w` q `j MVb cöwk Yv_ xiv h Kvb GK cvk _ K wb R `i Ae v bi msl v MYbv Ki Z _vk eb Z e GB MYbv n e 1 _ K 4 ch š, hgb: 1,2, 3, 4 4 Gi c i Avevi 1 _ K MYbv ïi Ki Z n e Ges 4 ch š hv e, hgb: 1,2, 3, 4 Zvici Avevi 1, 2, 3, 4 mevi MYbv kl n j hviv 1 Zviv GKmv _ n eb, hviv 2 Zviv GKmv _ n eb, hviv 3 Zviv GKmv _ n eb Ges hviv 4 Zviv GKmv _ n eb GLv b 4wU QvU `j MVb Kiv n e hw` 3wU ` j cöwk Yv_ x `i wef³ Kivi cö qvrb c o Z e GB MYbv 1 _ K 3 ch š wm q cybive wë n e 142 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

145 h mkj cökvkbv _ K Z_ I ZË wb qwq/möš cäx 1. Understanding and Responding to Children's Needs in Inclusive Classrooms, A Guide for Teachers, Inclusive Education, Division of Basic Education, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 2. Inclusive Education Toolkits and Booklets (6 parts), Creating Learning Friendly Environment for the Children, UNESCO 3. Inclusive Education Training in Cambodia (2003), Disability Action Council, Website: 4. School for ALL, Including Children with Disabilities and young people in education, The Enabling Education Network - EENET, c/o Educational Support and Inclusion, School of Education, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK, Website: 5. GKxf~Z wk v ev evqb wb ` wkkv (2011), GbGdIWwe-DwW I A vkkbgbw evsjv `k 6. GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y MvBWjvBb (2009) (gvv ch vq hviv KvR K i), ww i± iu Ae cövbgvwi GWz Kkb, evsjv `k 7. GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y MvBWjvBb (2009) (wk K), ww i± iu Ae cövbgvwi GWz Kkb, evsjv `k 8. GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y MvBWjvBb (2009) (cöwk K), ww i± iu Ae cövbgvwi GWz Kkb, evsjv `k 9. wcbwwwc 2 (cövbgvwi GWz Kkb W fjc g U cövmövg 2)-Gi ev evqb KŠkj, ww i± iu Ae cövbgvwi GWz Kkb (wwwcb), evsjv `k 10.wcBwWwc 3 (cövbgvwi GWz Kkb W fjc g U cövmövg 2)-Gi A vkkb c- vb, ww i± iu Ae cövbgvwi GWz Kkb (wwwcb), evsjv `k 11.evsjv `k cöwzeüx dvd Ûkb cöwk Y n vûavdu, GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y mj, wgicyi, XvKv 12.RvZxq wk vbxwz 2010, wk v gš Yvjq, evsjv `k mikvi 13.GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj 143

146 GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y cövk Ges cv g~j vqb mgq: 30 wgwbu cöwk Yv_ xi bvg: GKxf~Z wk v ej Z Avcwb Kx ev Sb? 2. GKxf~Z wk v, we kl wk v I mgwš^z wk vi g~j cv_ K wjlyb 3. cöwzewüzv wk? KZ cökvi? wk wk? 4. cöwzewüzvi mvgvwrk I gww Kj g Wj m ú K wjlyb 5. GKxf~Z wk v msµvš K qkwu Avš R vwzk Kb fbk bi bvg wjlyb 6. GKxf~Z wk vi gva g K ev Kviv DcK Z nq? 7. kªyxk wkï `i Pvwn`v Kxfv e mbv³ Kiv hvq? 8. Kxfv e wk vi mv _ mkj wkï K Aš f y³ Kiv hvq? 9. GKxf~Z wk vq kªyxk e e vcbv Kgb niqv DwPZ? 10.cvV cwikíbv ej Z Avcwb wk ev Sb? GKK cvv cwikíbv wk? 11.wk v-dckiy ej Z Avcwb wk ev Sb? wk v-dcki Yi e envi cvv`vb K AvKl Yxq I mnr K i, e vl v Ki b 12.wkïi KZ ai bi wekvk nq Ges wk wk? GKxf~Z wk v cöwk Y g vbyqvj

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