Exam Review. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Transcription

1 Exam Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Plants are a. primary producers. b. primary consumers. c. herbivores. d. omnivores. 2. How do most primary producers make their own food? a. by using light energy to make carbohydrates b. by using chemical energy to make carbohydrates c. by changing water into carbon dioxide d. by breaking down remains to make carbon dioxide 3. In what way are herbivores and carnivores alike? a. They both use photosynthesis to make their own food. b. They both obtain energy by consuming other organisms. c. They both directly consume producers. d. They both are considered to be autotrophs. 4. What animals eat both producers and consumers? a. herbivores b. omnivores c. chemotrophs d. autotrophs 5. What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web? a. energy path b. food chain c. trophic level d. food pyramid

2 6. What goes in Box 5 of the food web in Figure 3 2? a. herbivores b. scavengers c. carnivores d. decomposers Figure Only 10 percent of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Of the remaining energy, some is used for the organism s life processes, and the rest is a. used in reproduction. b. stored as body tissue. c. stored as fat. d. eliminated as heat. 8. What is at the base of all ecological pyramids? a. consumers b. decomposers c. producers d. scavengers

3 Figure Which of the following is a food chain in the food web shown in Figure 3 4? a. tree, rabbit, hawk, snake b. grass, grasshopper, snake, hawk c. grass, caterpillar, robin, hawk d. tree, deer, mountain lion, fox 10. The greenhouse effect is a. something that has only occurred for the last 50 years. b. a natural phenomenon that maintains Earth s temperature range. c. the result of the differences in the angle of the sun s rays. d. an unnatural phenomenon that causes heat energy to be radiated back into the atmosphere. 11. Why is an organism s niche like a person s occupation? a. An organism makes money by working in its niche. b. A niche is a company that the organism has to work in. c. A niche is a factory where organisms build things. d. An organism can make a living and survive in its niche.

4 Figure What would happen if the population of the bird species shown in the ecosystem in Figure 4 1 were to suddenly decrease? a. The grass population would increase. b. The fish population would increase. c. The fish would occupy the birds niche. d. The grass and fish would compete for resources. 13. A predator is an animal that a. kills and eats other animals b. eats plants. c. lives on another animal without harming it. d. lives inside another animal. 14. A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is a. commensalism. b. mutualism. c. predation. d. parasitism. 15. A symbiotic relationship in which one organism is harmed and the other benefits is a. mutualism. b. parasitism. c. commensalism. d. predation. 16. How is parasitism different from commensalism? a. Both organisms benefit in parasitism and only one organism benefits in commensalism. b. One organism benefits in parasitism and no organisms benefit in commensalism. c. One organism is harmed in parasitism and both organisms are harmed in commensalism. d. One organism is harmed in parasitism and no organisms are harmed in commensalism.

5 17. There are 150 Saguaro cactus plants per square kilometer in a 10-square-kilometer area of Arizona desert. To which population characteristic does this information refer? a. growth rate b. geographic range c. age structure d. population density 18. Which of the following could describe a population that is decreasing in size? a. The birthrate and the death rate remain the same. b. The death rate is becoming lower than the birthrate. c. The death rate is constant and the birthrate is increasing. d. The death rate is becoming higher than the birthrate. Figure The graph in Figure 5 1 shows the growth of a bacterial population. Which of the following correctly describes the growth curve? a. logistic b. limiting c. demographic d. exponential

6 20. Which of the following graphs is a graph showing exponential growth? a. b. c. d.

7 21. How are Phase 1 and Phase 2 of logistic growth similar? a. A population is increasing, moving toward its carrying capacity during both phases. b. A population is at its carrying capacity during both phases. c. The death rate is higher than the birth rate during both phases. d. The emigration rate is higher than the immigration rate during both phases. 22. Something that controls the growth or size of a population is a. the carrying capacity. b. the growth rate. c. a limiting factor. d. a growth factor. 23. Which will reduce competition within a species population? a. fewer individuals b. higher birthrate c. fewer resources d. higher population density 24. If a population grows larger than the carrying capacity of the environment, which of these is most likely to happen? a. The death rate may rise. b. The birthrate may rise. c. The death rate must fall. d. The birthrate must fall. Figure Using Figure 5 2, what is the most likely cause of the decrease in moose population immediately after 1995? a. Poisonous plants killed off many moose. b. Many moose reached old age and died. c. Overcrowding caused competition in the moose population. d. A decrease in predators caused competition in the moose population. 26. Which would be least likely to be affected by a density-dependent limiting factor? a. a small, scattered population b. a population with a high birthrate c. a large, dense population d. a population with a high immigration rate

8 Figure The graph in Figure 5 3 shows the changes in a mosquito population. What caused the changes seen in the graph? a. a reduction in resources b. a increase in predation. c. a density-independent limiting factor d. a density-dependent limiting factor 28. Ideally, sustainable development should a. put the protection of the environment ahead of human needs. b. provide for human needs at the expense of the environment. c. use more natural resources to make goods to meet human needs. d. preserve ecosystems while providing for human needs.

9 Figure What is shown in Figure 6 2 above? a. point source pollution b. nonpoint source pollution c. water conservation d. water treatment Figure The data in the graph in Figure 6 5 above helped ecologists identify which environmental problem? a. the hole in the ozone layer b. global warming c. habitat fragmentation d. desertification

10 31. The different forms of a gene are called a. traits. b. pollinations. c. alleles. d. hybrids. 32. If a pea plant s alleles for height are tt, what is true of its parents? a. Both parents were tall. b. Both parents were short. c. Both parents contributed a recessive allele. d. Both parents contributed a dominant allele. 33. When you flip a coin, what is the probability that it will come up tails? a. 1 b. 1/2 c. 1/4 d. 1/8 34. Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be a. hybrid. b. homozygous. c. heterozygous. d. dominant. Tt T t T TT Tt TT T TT Tt T = Tall t = Short Figure In the Punnett square shown in Figure 11 1, which of the following is true about the offspring resulting from the cross? a. About half are expected to be short. b. All are expected to be short. c. About three fourths are expected to be tall. d. All are expected to be tall.

11 36. What principle states that during gamete formation genes for different traits separate without influencing each other s inheritance? a. principle of dominance b. principle of independent assortment c. principle of probabilities d. principle of segregation RrYy RRYy RY Ry RY Ry RY RRYY RRYy RRYY RRYy Ry RRYy RRyy RrYy RRyy ry RrYY RrYy RrYY RrYy ry RrYy Rryy RrYy Rryy Figure Use Figure 11 3 to answer the following question. If a pea plant that is heterozygous for round, yellow peas (RrYy) is crossed with a pea plant that is homozygous for round peas but heterozygous for yellow peas (RRYy), how many different phenotypes are their offspring expected to show? a. 2 b. 4 c. 8 d A breed of chicken shows codominance for feather color. One allele codes for black feathers, another codes for white feathers. The feathers of heterozygous chickens of this breed will be a. black. b. white. c. gray. d. speckled. 39. Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene are called a. multiple alleles. b. incomplete dominance. c. polygenic inheritance. d. multiple genes. 40. If an organism s diploid number is 12, its haploid number is a. 12. b. 6. c. 24. d Gametes are produced by the process of a. mitosis. b. meiosis. c. crossing-over. d. replication.

12 Figure What is shown in Figure 11 4? a. independent assortment b. anaphase I of meiosis c. crossing-over d. replication 43. What is formed at the end of meiosis? a. two genetically identical cells b. four genetically different cells c. four genetically identical cells d. two genetically different cells 44. What do bacteriophages infect? a. mice. b. humans. c. viruses. d. bacteria. 45. Why did Hershey and Chase label the viral DNA with radioactive phosphorous and not radioactive sulfur? a. DNA contains phosphorus and no sulfur. b. Proteins contain phosphorus and no sulfur. c. DNA contains sulfur and little phosphorous. d. Proteins acids contain sulfur and little phosphorous.

13 Figure Which part of the bacteriophage in Figure 12 1 contains genetic material? a. A b. B c. C d. D 47. Figure 12 2 shows the structure of a. a DNA molecule. b. an amino acid. c. a RNA molecule. d. a protein. 48. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA? a. adenine + phosphate group + thymine b. cytosine + phosphate group + guanine c. deoxyribose + phosphate group + polymerase d. deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine Figure 12 2

14 Nitrogenous Bases (%) A G T C Human Chicken Bacterium (S. lutea) Figure The table in Figure 12 3 shows the results of measuring the percentages of the four bases in the DNA of several different organisms. Some of the values are missing from the table. Based on Chargaff s rule, the percentages of guanine bases in chicken DNA should be around a. 28.8% b. 19.9% c. 21.5% d. 13.4% 50. Rosalind Franklin contributed to the understanding of DNA by a. producing images of DNA molecules using X-rays. b. figuring out that DNA strands form a double helix. c. conducting experiments that showed which nucleotides are complementary. d. finding that DNA was nucleic acid made up of a long chain of individual nucleotides. 51. Which scientist(s) figured out that the shape of a DNA molecule is a double helix? a. Hershey and Chase b. Griffith c. Watson and Crick d. Franklin 52. Which of the following forms a base pair with thymine? a. deoxyribose b. adenine c. guanine d. cytosine 53. DNA replication results in two DNA molecules, a. each with two new strands. b. one with two new strands and the other with two original strands. c. each with one new strand and one original strand. d. each with two original strands.

15 Figure In Figure 12 5, what nucleotide is going to be added at point 1, opposite from thymine? a. adenine b. thymine c. cytosine d. guanine 55. In eukaryotes, DNA a. is located in the nucleus. b. floats freely in the cytoplasm. c. is located in the ribosomes. d. is circular. 56. RNA contains the sugar a. ribose. b. deoxyribose. c. glucose. d. lactose. 57. Unlike DNA, RNA contains a. adenine. b. uracil. c. phosphate groups. d. thymine. 58. Which molecules are involved in protein synthesis? a. transfer RNA, introns, and mutagens b. messenger RNA, introns, and ribosomal RNA c. ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, and mutagens d. messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA

16 59. What is produced during transcription? a. RNA molecules b. DNA molecules c. RNA polymerase d. proteins 60. How many nucleotides are needed to specify three amino acids? a. 3 b. 6 c. 9 d. 12 Figure In Figure 13 3, which amino acid is specified by the mrna code CCC? a. Gly b. Lys c. Ala d. Pro 62. A promoter is a a. binding site for DNA polymerase. b. binding site for RNA polymerase. c. start signal for replication. d. stop signal for transcription. 63. What happens during translation? a. Messenger RNA is made from a DNA code. b. The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins. c. Transfer RNA is made from a messenger RNA code. d. Copies of DNA molecules are made.

17 64. Genes contain instructions for assembling a. operons. b. nucleosomes. c. proteins. d. mutagens. 65. A mutation that involves one or a few nucleotides is called a. a mutagen. b. an inversion. c. a point mutation. d. a translocation. 66. In E. coli, the lac operon controls the a. breakdown of lactose. b. production of lactose. c. breakdown of glucose. d. production of glucose. 67. How many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype? a. 2 b. 23 c. 44 d Colorblindness is more common in males than in females because the allele for colorblindness is a. dominant and located on the X chromosome. b. recessive and located on the Y chromosome. c. recessive and located on the X chromosome. d. recessive and located on the Y chromosome. Blood Type A B AB O Blood Types Combination of Alleles I A I A or I A i I B I B or I B i I A I B ii Figure If a man with blood type A and a woman with blood type B produce an offspring, what might be the offspring s blood type? a. AB or O b. A, B, or O c. A, B, AB, or O d. AB only

18 Figure Examine the pedigree in Figure The allele for the presence of a white forelock is dominant. What is the probability of the couple labeled 2 of having a child with a white forelock? a. 25% b. 50% c. 75% d. 100%

19 Figure The trait in pedigree in Figure 14 5 has two alleles: P (dominant) and p (recessive). The black symbols show the dominant phenotype, and the white symbols show the recessive phenotype. What is the genotype of individual number 1? a. PP b. Pp c. P d. p 72. Lamarck s ideas about evolution include the concept that differences among the traits of organisms arise as a result of a. continual increases in population size. b. the actions of organisms as they use or fail to use body structures. c. an unchanging local environment. d. the natural variations already present within the population of organisms. 73. The economist Thomas Malthus suggested that a. in the human population, people die faster than babies are born. b. without certain checks on population size, there would soon be insufficient food for the growing human population. c. in the 1700s, England needed more housing. d. the majority of a species offspring die. 74. When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is a. natural selection. b. artificial selection. c. artificial variation. d. survival of the fittest.

20 75. Which statement about the members of a population that live long enough to reproduce is consistent with the theory of evolution by natural selection? a. They transmit characteristics acquired by use and disuse to their offspring. b. They tend to produce fewer offspring than others in the population. c. They are the ones that are best adapted to survive in their environment. d. They will perpetuate unfavorable changes in the species. 76. Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment a. diversity. b. fitness. c. adaptation. d. evolution. 77. The principle of common descent helps explain why a. well-adapted species have many offspring. b. conditions in an organism s environment ensures the organism s survival. c. birds and reptiles share a number of inherited characteristics. d. tigers are so different from cheetahs. Figure In humans, the pelvis and femur, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur shown in Figure 16 1 are a. examples of fossils. b. vestigial structures. c. acquired traits. d. examples of natural variation. 79. Similar patterns of embryological development in different but related organisms are responsible for the formation of a. homologous structures. b. analogous structures. c. Hox genes. d. intermediate fossil forms.

21 80. The genes carried by all members of a particular population make up the population s a. allele frequency. b. phenotype. c. genotype. d. gene pool. 81. If an allele makes up one half of the frequency of a population s allele for a given trait, its allele frequency is a. 100 percent. b. 75 percent. c. 50 percent. d. 4 percent. 82. A change in the genetic material of a cell is called a a. recombination. b. polygenic trait. c. single-gene trait. d. mutation. Figure One end of Figure 17 1 shows an increase in average beak size for a population of birds. When individuals at only one end of a bell curve of phenotype frequencies have high fitness, the result is a. directional selection. b. stabilizing selection. c. disruptive selection. d. genetic drift.

22 Figure Figure 17 2 shows highest fitness toward the center of the curve. When individuals with an average form of a trait have the highest fitness, the result is a. not predictable. b. disruptive selection. c. directional selection. d. stabilizing selection. Figure Figure 17 3 shows smaller and larger beaks in a population of finches. One group of birds has a short, parrotlike beak and another group has a long, narrow beak. What process has probably occurred? a. directional selection b. disruptive selection c. stabilizing selection d. genetic drift

23 86. A farmer sprays insecticide on his crops to kill unwanted insects. Most of the insects die, and the chemicals have the effect of damaging the DNA of the insects that are not killed. Which of these has happened? a. Sexual selection among the insects has changed the gene pool. b. Genetic equilibrium has been maintained. c. Mutations have arisen that may have altered allele frequencies. d. Individuals with new genes have immigrated into the population. 87. A factor that is necessary for the formation of a new species is a. reproduction at different times. b. geographic barriers. c. different mating behaviors. d. reproductive isolation. 88. The geographic isolation of two populations of a species tends to increase differences between their gene pools because it a. prevents interbreeding between the populations. b. prevents interbreeding within each population. c. causes temporal isolation of the two populations. d. increases differences in courtship behavior. Figure Look at Figure Which of the following theories explains why the edges of Africa and South America fit together like two pieces of a puzzle? a. endosymbiosis b. macroevolution c. plate tectonics d. punctuated equilibrium 90. In the past, mass extinctions encouraged the rapid evolution of surviving species a. by changing developmental genes. b. by making new habitats available to them. c. because they killed all organisms that had coevolved. d. because they spared all organisms that had evolved convergently.

24 91. Gradualism is a pattern of evolution in which a. a single species evolves into several closely related species. b. several distantly related species develop similarities. c. a species evolves at a slow, steady pace. d. a species has periods of little evolution interrupted by periods of rapid evolution. 92. A pattern in which species experience long, stable periods interrupted by brief periods of rapid evolutionary change is called a. convergent evolution. b. coevolution. c. adaptive radiation. d. punctuated equilibrium. 93. A single species that has evolved into several different forms that live in different ways has undergone a. adaptive radiation. b. coevolution. c. punctuated equilibrium. d. mass extinction. 94. Mass extinction would most likely result from which of the following events? a. a disease kills off a single species of predator within an ecosystem b. a wildfire burns a national park c. global temperatures drop several degrees after several massive volcanic eruptions d. a massive earthquake strikes North America

25 Exam Review Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 69 OBJ: Define primary producers. STA: OH.LS.B910.D OH.LS.I ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 69 p. 70 OBJ: Define primary producers. STA: OH.LS.B910.D OH.LS.I10.9 BLM: synthesis 3. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 71 OBJ: Describe how consumers obtain energy and nutrients. STA: OH.LS.B910.D OH.LS.I ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 71 OBJ: Describe how consumers obtain energy and nutrients. STA: OH.LS.B910.D OH.LS.I ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 77 OBJ: Trace the flow of energy through living systems. STA: OH.LS.B910.D OH.LS.I ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 71 p. 74 OBJ: Trace the flow of energy through living systems. STA: OH.LS.B910.D OH.LS.I ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 77 OBJ: Identify the three types of ecological pyramids. STA: OH.LS.B910.D OH.LS.I ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 77 p. 78 OBJ: Identify the three types of ecological pyramids. STA: OH.LS.B910.D OH.LS.I10.9 BLM: analysis 9. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 74 OBJ: Trace the flow of energy through living systems. STA: OH.LS.B910.D OH.LS.I ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 97 OBJ: Identify the factors that influence climate. STA: OH.ESS.I10.2 OH.ESS.I ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 100 OBJ: Define niche. STA: OH.LS.I10.15 BLM: analysis 12. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 102 OBJ: Describe the role predation and herbivory play in shaping communities. STA: OH.LS.I10.15 BLM: synthesis 13. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 102 OBJ: Describe the role predation and herbivory play in shaping communities. STA: OH.LS.I ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 103 OBJ: Identify the three types of symbiotic relationships in nature.

26 STA: OH.LS.I ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 104 OBJ: Identify the three types of symbiotic relationships in nature. STA: OH.LS.I ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 104 OBJ: Identify the three types of symbiotic relationships in nature. STA: OH.LS.I10.15 BLM: analysis 17. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 131 OBJ: List the characteristics used to describe a population. STA: OH.LS.I ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 132 OBJ: Identify factors that affect population growth. STA: OH.LS.I ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 133 OBJ: Describe exponential growth. STA: OH.LS.I11.7 OH.SI.I ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 133 OBJ: Describe exponential growth. STA: OH.LS.I11.7 OH.SI.I12.2 BLM: analysis 21. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 134 p. 135 OBJ: Describe logistic growth. STA: OH.LS.I10.16 OH.LS.I11.7 OH.SI.I12.2 BLM: analysis 22. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 137 OBJ: Identify factors that determine carrying capacity. STA: OH.LS.I10.16 OH.LS.I ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 138 OBJ: Identify factors that determine carrying capacity. STA: OH.LS.I10.16 OH.LS.I11.8 BLM: analysis 24. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 140 OBJ: Identify factors that determine carrying capacity. STA: OH.LS.I10.16 OH.LS.I ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 138 OBJ: Identify the limiting factors that depend on population density. STA: OH.LS.I10.16 OH.LS.I11.8 BLM: evaluation 26. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 138 OBJ: Identify the limiting factors that depend on population density. STA: OH.LS.I10.16 OH.LS.I ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 140 p. 141 OBJ: Identify the limiting factors that do not depend on population density. STA: OH.LS.I10.16 OH.LS.I11.8 BLM: analysis 28. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 157 OBJ: Describe the relationship between resource use and sustainable development.

27 STA: OH.LS.I10.19 OH.ESS.B1112.C OH.ESS.I11.14 BLM: synthesis 29. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 160 OBJ: Describe how human activities affect water resources. STA: OH.ESS.I11.11 OH.ESS.I11.12 OH.ESS.I ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 177 OBJ: Identify the role of ecology in a sustainable future. STA: OH.LS.I10.19 OH.ESS.B1112.C OH.ESS.I11.14 BLM: analysis 31. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 310 OBJ: Describe Mendel's studies and conclusions about inheritance. STA: OH.LS.I10.6 OH.LS.I10.8 OH.LS.I ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 310 OBJ: Describe what happens during segregation. STA: OH.LS.I10.6 OH.LS.I10.8 OH.LS.B910.C 33. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 313 OBJ: Explain how geneticists use the principles of probability to make Punnett squares. STA: OH.LS.I10.6 OH.LS.I10.8 OH.SI.I ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 314 OBJ: Explain how geneticists use the principles of probability to make Punnett squares. STA: OH.LS.I10.6 OH.LS.I10.8 OH.SI.I ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 315 p. 316 OBJ: Explain how geneticists use the principles of probability to make Punnett squares. STA: OH.LS.I10.6 OH.LS.I10.8 OH.SI.I ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 317 OBJ: Explain the principle of independent assortment. STA: OH.LS.I10.6 OH.LS.I10.8 OH.LS.B910.C 37. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 316 p. 317 OBJ: Explain the principle of independent assortment. STA: OH.LS.I10.6 OH.LS.I10.8 OH.LS.B910.C BLM: synthesis 38. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 315 p. 316 OBJ: Describe the other inheritance patterns. STA: OH.LS.I10.8 OH.LS.B910.C 39. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 318 p. 319 OBJ: Describe the other inheritance patterns. STA: OH.LS.I10.8 OH.LS.B910.C 40. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 323 OBJ: Contrast the number of chromosomes in body cells and in gametes. STA: OH.LS.B910.B OH.LS.I ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 324 p. 325 OBJ: Summarize the events of meiosis. STA: OH.LS.B910.B 42. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 324 p. 325 OBJ: Summarize the events of meiosis. STA: OH.LS.B910.B

28 43. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 328 OBJ: Contrast meiosis and mitosis. STA: OH.LS.B910.B 44. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 340 OBJ: Describe the role of bacteriophages in identifying genetic material. STA: OH.LS.I10.6 OH.LS.B1112.G OH.LS.I ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 341 OBJ: Describe the role of bacteriophages in identifying genetic material. STA: OH.LS.I10.6 OH.LS.B1112.G OH.LS.I12.11 BLM: evaluation 46. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 340 OBJ: Describe the role of bacteriophages in identifying genetic material. STA: OH.LS.I10.6 OH.LS.B1112.G OH.LS.I ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 344 p. 345 OBJ: Identify the chemical components of DNA. STA: OH.LS.I ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 345 OBJ: Identify the chemical components of DNA. STA: OH.LS.I10.5 BLM: analysis 49. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 345 OBJ: Discuss the experiments leading to the identification of DNA as the molecule that carries the genetic code. STA: OH.LS.I10.5 OH.LS.B1112.G OH.LS.I ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 346 OBJ: Discuss the experiments leading to the identification of DNA as the molecule that carries the genetic code. STA: OH.LS.I10.5 OH.LS.B1112.G OH.LS.I ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 346 OBJ: Discuss the experiments leading to the identification of DNA as the molecule that carries the genetic code. STA: OH.LS.I10.5 OH.LS.B1112.G OH.LS.I ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 345 OBJ: Describe the steps leading to the development of the double-helix model of DNA. STA: OH.LS.I10.5 OH.LS.B1112.G OH.LS.I ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 338 p. 339 OBJ: Summarize the events of DNA replication. STA: OH.LS.I10.5 OH.LS.I ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 350 p. 351 OBJ: Summarize the events of DNA replication. STA: OH.LS.I10.5 OH.LS.I12.1 BLM: analysis 55. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 352 OBJ: Compare DNA replication in prokaryotes with that of eukaryotes. STA: OH.LS.I10.2 OH.LS.I ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 362 OBJ: Contrast RNA and DNA. STA: OH.LS.I10.5

29 57. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 362 OBJ: Contrast RNA and DNA. STA: OH.LS.I ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 363 OBJ: Explain the process of transcription. STA: OH.LS.I10.5 BLM: analysis 59. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 364 OBJ: Explain the process of transcription. STA: OH.LS.I ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 366 OBJ: Identify the genetic code and explain how it is read. STA: OH.LS.I ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 367 OBJ: Identify the genetic code and explain how it is read. STA: OH.LS.I ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 365 OBJ: Explain the process of transcription. STA: OH.LS.I ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 368 OBJ: Summarize the process of translation. STA: OH.LS.I ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 366 OBJ: Summarize the process of translation. STA: OH.LS.I ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 373 p. 374 OBJ: Define mutations and describe the different types of mutations. STA: OH.LS.I ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 378 OBJ: Describe gene regulation in prokaryotes. STA: OH.LS.I ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 392 OBJ: Identify the types of human chromosomes in a karyotype. STA: OH.LS.I ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 395 OBJ: Describe the patterns of the inheritance of human traits. STA: OH.LS.I10.6 OH.LS.I10.8 BLM: analysis 69. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 394 OBJ: Describe the patterns of the inheritance of human traits. STA: OH.LS.I10.6 OH.LS.I10.8 BLM: analysis 70. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 396 p. 397 OBJ: Explain how pedigrees are used to study human traits. STA: OH.LS.I10.8 BLM: evaluation 71. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 396 p. 397 OBJ: Explain how pedigrees are used to study human traits.

30 STA: OH.LS.I10.8 BLM: analysis 72. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 456 OBJ: Describe Lamarck's hypothesis of evolution. STA: OH.LS.I10.22 OH.LS.B1112.G OH.LS.I ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 457 OBJ: Describe Malthus's view of population growth. STA: OH.LS.I10.22 OH.LS.B1112.G OH.LS.I ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 458 OBJ: Explain the role of inherited variation in artificial selection. STA: OH.LS.I ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 461 OBJ: Describe the conditions under which natural selection occurs. STA: OH.LS.B910.I OH.LS.I10.21 OH.LS.I ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 461 OBJ: Describe the conditions under which natural selection occurs. STA: OH.LS.B910.I OH.LS.I10.21 OH.LS.I ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 464 OBJ: Explain the principle of common descent. STA: OH.LS.I ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 469 OBJ: Describe what homologous structures and embryology suggest about the process of evolutionary change. STA: OH.LS.I ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 468 p. 469 OBJ: Explain how molecular evidence can be used to trace the process of evolution. STA: OH.LS.I ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 483 OBJ: Define evolution in genetic terms. STA: OH.LS.B910.H OH.LS.I10.6 OH.LS.I ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 483 OBJ: Define evolution in genetic terms. STA: OH.LS.B910.H OH.LS.I10.6 OH.LS.I ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 484 OBJ: Identify the main sources of genetic variation in a population. STA: OH.LS.I10.7 OH.LS.I ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 489 OBJ: Explain how natural selection affects single-gene and polygenic traits. STA: OH.LS.B910.I OH.LS.I10.21 OH.LS.I ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 489 OBJ: Explain how natural selection affects single-gene and polygenic traits.

31 STA: OH.LS.B910.I OH.LS.I10.21 OH.LS.I ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 489 OBJ: Explain how natural selection affects single-gene and polygenic traits. STA: OH.LS.B910.I OH.LS.I10.21 OH.LS.I ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 492 OBJ: Explain how different factors affect genetic equilibrium. STA: OH.LS.I10.6 BLM: evaluation 87. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 494 OBJ: Identify the types of isolation that can lead to the formation of new species. STA: OH.LS.I10.24 OH.LS.I ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 495 OBJ: Identify the types of isolation that can lead to the formation of new species. STA: OH.LS.I10.24 OH.LS.I12.10 BLM: synthesis 89. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 544 OBJ: Describe how environmental processes and living things have shaped life on Earth. STA: OH.ESS.I10.4 OH.LS.B1112.D 90. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 544 OBJ: Identify the processes that influence survival or extinction of a species or clade. STA: OH.ESS.I10.3 OH.LS.I10.12 BLM: analysis 91. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 549 OBJ: Contrast gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. STA: OH.LS.B910.E 92. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 549 OBJ: Contrast gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. STA: OH.LS.B910.E 93. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 550 OBJ: Name two important patterns in macroevolution. STA: OH.LS.B910.E 94. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 548 OBJ: Identify the processes that influence survival or extinction of a species or clade. STA: OH.ESS.I10.3 OH.LS.I10.12 BLM: evaluation