Unit 3 - Molecular Biology & Genetics - Review Packet

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1 Name Date Hour Unit 3 - Molecular Biology & Genetics - Review Packet True / False Questions - Indicate True or False for the following statements. 1. Eye color, hair color and the shape of your ears can be inherited. ( True/False ) 2. Inheritance is the study of genetics. ( True/False ) 3. A Punnett square is used to predict the potential offspring from a genetic cross. ( True/False ) 4. In a Punnett square, the possible offspring are represented by the letters in the boxes, with one factor coming from each parent. ( True/False ) 5. Every human trait has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. ( True/False ) 6. DNA is located in the nucleus, and proteins are made in the cytoplasm. ( True/False ) 7. rrna brings an amino acid to the ribosome so it can be added to a growing chain during protein synthesis. ( True/False ) 8. Amino acids are the monomers of proteins. ( True/False ) 9. Ribosomes are the organelles where proteins are made. ( True/False ) 10. A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence. The change is always harmful. ( True/False ) 11. You inherit one allele for each gene from each parent. ( True/False ) 12. Females have two X chromosomes. ( True/False ) 13. The mother determines the sex of her baby. ( True/False ) 14. A person s genome is all of his or her genetic information. ( True/False ) Fill in the Blank Questions - Fill in the answer blanks with the correct answer. 15. The law of states that during the production of gametes, the two hereditary factors for each trait separate. Answer: 16. Which rule states that A will always bind to T, and G will always bind to C? Answer: 17. is the study of inheritance. Answer: 18. A trait will only appear if the dominant trait is absent. Answer: 19. carries the instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Answer: 20. contains the instructions to create proteins. Answer: 21. Examples of traits governed by polygenic inheritance include human or color. Answer: 22. A can only pass on an X chromosome, so the sex of the baby is determined by the. Answer:

2 Multiple Choice Questions - For each question, select the correct answer and mark the appropriate option. 23. Why do different cells have different functions? a. All cells have the same functions. b. Because different cells have different proteins. c. Because different cells have different genes. d. Because different cells have different DNA. 24. About how many genes are in every human cell? a. 20,000 b. 1,000 c. 10,000 d. 100, Which best defines a gene? a. A gene is a unit of protein that contains the genetic code. b. A gene is a unit of DNA that contains code for the creation of one protein. c. A gene is a unit of DNA that contains the code for the creation of amino acids. d. none of the above 26. What is the role of the trna molecules? a. The trna determines the order of the amino acids in the protein. b. The trna reads the mrna code and brings a specific amino acid to the ribosome. c. The trna brings the genetic message to the ribosome from the nucleus. d. all of the above 27. What can cause DNA to mutate? a. Mutations can be caused by errors in replication. b. Mutations can be caused by mutagens in the environment. c. Both A and B 28. An alternative form of a gene is called. a. a chromosome b. DNA c. an allele 29. What is the phenotype of a pea plant with a heterozygous genotype for height? Here, tallness is the dominant trait. a. Tt, where T codes for tall b. TT c. tall d. short

3 30. What is the genotype of a pea plant homozygous for height? a. tt b. Tt c. tall d. Tall; tall 31. If mice with white coats are dominant to those with brown coats, what is the phenotype of a heterozygous mouse? a. Ww b. brown c. white d. Bb 32. A couple has already had three daughters. What is the chance that the next baby will be a boy? a. 25% b. 100% c. 50% d. 0% 33. How many bases make up the human genome? a. about 3,000,000,000 b. about 20,000 c. 4 d. about 3,000, Why did Mendel study pea plants? a. Because he could control the mating between plants. b. Because they have easily identifiable traits. c. Because both self-pollination and cross-pollination is possible. d. all of the above 35. When Mendel crossed a short plant with a tall plant, what were the F1 results? a. all short b. 75% tall, 25% short c. half short, half tall d. all tall 36. If T represents the tall factor, and t represents the short factor, what plants will be tall? a. Tt only b. TT and Tt c. TT only d. T only

4 37. If T represents the tall factor, and t represents the short factor, what plants will be short? a. Tt only b. tt only c. t only d. Tt and Tt 38. If P represents purple color, and p represents white color, what combination(s) of factors represents white color? a. PP and Pp b. Pp only c. PP only d. pp only 39. Use a Punnett square of a Bb x Bb cross. B is the factor for brown eyes, and b is the factor for blue eyes. What percent of offspring from these parents will have blue eyes? a. 0% b. 100% c. 50% d. 25% 40. Create a Punnett Square of the following cross: Tt x Tt. T is the tall factor; t is the short factor. Of four possible offspring, how many will be tall? a. 3 b. 1 c. 4 d A dark purple flower is crossed with a white flower of the same species, and the offspring all have light purple flowers. What type of inheritance does this describe? a. incomplete dominance b. Mendelian inheritance c. codominance d. recessive inheritance 42. Snapdragons have a dominant red allele and a dominant white allele for flower color. What will be the phenotype of a heterozygous flower? a. white b. red c. pink d. both red and white 43. What does a nucleotide consist of? a. a phosphate group b. a 5-carbon sugar c. a nitrogencontaining base d. All of the above

5 44. is made of two strands of nucleotides formed into a double helix. a. A chromosome b. DNA c. A nucleotide 45. If one DNA strand reads ATCCCGAG, the other strand will be made up of the complementary bases -. a. ATGGGCTC b. TACCCGTC c. TAGGGCTC d. TAGGGCTG 46. When does DNA replication occur? a. the R phase of the cell cycle b. the S phase of the cell cycle c. the G1 phase of the cell cycle d. the M phase of the cell cycle Short Answer Questions Answer the following questions with a few sentences or short list. 47. What is the genetic code? 48. Describe the difference between phenotype and genotype.