Biology Final Review Ch pg Biology is the study of

Transcription

1 Biology Final Review Ch pg Biology is the study of Ch pg All organic compounds contain. 3. Starch is an example of which type of organic compound? 4. What monomers make up nucleic acids? 5. What is the main function of: carbohydrates - lipids - nucleic acids - proteins pg Main function of an enzyme: 7. What are 2 things that regulate enzyme activity? Ch pg List differences: Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes 7-2 pg Role of: Nucleus - Ribosome - Mitochondria- Chloroplast - 1

2 10. What is the function of the cell membrane? 11. What makes up the cell membrane? Ch pg What is ATP? 13. How does ATP release energy? 8-2 pg Equation for photosynthesis written out: Ch pg Write the chemical equation for cell respiration. Ch pg What occurs during cell division? 17. Compare & contrast sexual and asexual reproduction 10-2 pg When during your lifetime does mitosis occur? 19. What happens to the number of chromosomes during mitosis? 2

3 Ch pg What does Mendel s Principle of Dominance state? 21. What happens during segregation? 22. Each gamete carries how many copies of each gene? 11-2 pg Define & provide an example for: 1. Homozygous 2. Heterozygous 3. Phenotype 2. Genotype 24. What are the genotypes of the parents in a dihybrid cross that produces a 9:3:3:1 of offspring? 25. What does Mendel s Principle of Independent Assortment state? 11-3 pg What does it mean when genes have multiple alleles? 11-4 pg What is meiosis? 28. What does crossing over increase in a population? 29. What happens to the number of chromosomes during meiosis? 3

4 Ch pg What are the 2 main components of a virus? 31. How does a virus reproduce? 32. What elements make up a DNA molecule? 12-2 pg What bases pair up during DNA replication? and Ch pg If you had a piece of DNA with the bases CAT: What are the bases on mrna? 13-2 pg What molecule is the starting point for protein synthesis? 13-3 pg What is a mutation? 37. Provide 2 examples of gene mutations Ch pg What is a sex-linked gene? Ch pg What is evolution? 16-3 pg Under what conditions does natural selection occur? 4

5 16-4 pg List the 5 pieces of evidence for evolution Ch pg In genetic terms what is evolution? 43. What are the 2 sources of genetic variation in a population? pg List the 3 ways that natural selection can affect the distribution of phenotypes on polygenic traits. Diagram each graph pg What makes a species a species? Ch pg What are the 2 parts of a scientific name? 47. How does one recognize a scientific name? 5

6 48. List the 7 taxanomic categories in order from largest to smallest Ch pg Define homeostasis pg What is the function of the digestive system? 51. Function of the stomach? Ch pg What are the main parts of the nervous system? 53. List the 3 types of neurons & their functions pg Function of central nervous system? Parts? Ch pg What are the main functions of the skeleton? 56. Function of tendon - 6

7 Ch pg Which blood cells contain hemoglobin? 58. Where are red blood cells produced? 33-3 pg What happens during respiration? 60. Function of: Larynx - Pharynx - Trachea - Alveoli - Ch pg Ecology is the study of 3-2 pg Define: Producer - Decomposer pg Define: Food chain- Food web pg How do plants help get groundwater from the ground back into the atmosphere? 65. What is the difference between matter and energy? 66. What are the 3 nutrient cycles? 67. What 2 processes drive the carbon cycle? 68. What organisms play a main role in the nitrogen cycle? 7

8 Ch pg Describe the 3 symbiotic relationships Ch pg What are 4 factors that affect population size? pg If the number of predators increases in a population, what happens to the number of prey? 72. If the number of prey increases in a population, what happens to the number of predators? 8