Monday. Pick up a warm up paper when you walk in and begin working immediately.

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1 Monday Pick up a warm up paper when you walk in and begin working immediately.

2 Levels of Organization Remember, cells are made of organelles. An organelle is basically a tiny organ that is found within the cell. Each organelle performs a specific function for the cell. (We ll learn about these later.) Elements Molecules Organelles Cells

3 Membrane-Bound What s That? Organelles can be membrane-bound, or not. Membrane-bound means the organelle is surrounded by a membrane.

4 Nucleus The nucleus is responsible for storing DNA. There are MANY more organelles, but we will cover the rest of the organelles and their functions later.

5 How Many Cells are in the Body? There are approximately 37 Trillion cells in your body.

6 2 Types of Cells There are only 2 types of cells in the world. A cell can either be a prokaryote or a eukaryote. Bacteria Prokaryotes Animal cell Plant cell Eukaryotes Prokaryotes are always going to be bacteria! ALWAYS! Eukaryotes are every cell type besides bacteria cells. Every single prokaryotic cell is a bacteria. The most common types are plant and animal cells, but there are others like a fungus.

7 The Difference What makes them different are the presence or absence of Membrane Bound Organelles (MBO for short). Membrane bound organelles are organelles that have their own Membrane (boundary) to separate their inside contents from the rest of the cell.

8 Examples Prokaryotes Bacteria Eukaryotes Animal Smaller vacuole Fungi Plant Chloroplast Larger vacuole Protists

9 Prokaryotic Cells Definition: simple, single celled organisms that lack (do not have) a true nucleus. They can exist in a large range of environments, such as: hot, harsh temperatures without oxygen around extreme salt or methane some can make their own food

10 Prokaryotic Cells Examples include: All Bacteria For example Escherichia coli (Ecoli) bacterium Pro. rhymes with NO, meaning NO Nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.

11 Flip to the Back Prokaryotes Organelles: Nucleoid: DNA is free floating in the cytoplasm

12 Definition: Cells that contain: Eukaryotic Cells TRUE nucleus (w/ DNA) membrane-bound organelles Considered to be more complex because they are larger and have many organelles in an organized manner.

13 Eukaryotic Cells Examples: Animals Plants Fungi Protists Eu. ryhmes with DO, meaning they DO have Nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

14 Eukaryotic Cell Animal Cell Plant Cell

genetic material that controls cells functions Mitochondria: makes

15 Flip to the Back Eukaryotes Organelles: (Membrane bound organelles only found in Eukaryotes) Nuclear Envelope: DNA inside, holds genetic material that controls cells functions Mitochondria: makes the energy for the cell(atp) by doing cellular respiration (Power House)

16 Flip to the Back Eukaryotes Organelles: (Membrane bound organelles only found in Eukaryotes) Chloroplast: Found in plant cells, where they perform photosynthesis to produce glucose.

17 Organelles: Cell Membrane: (Plasma membrane) controls what enters and leaves the cell Cytoplasm: gel like substance that holds organelles in place Common to Both

18 Organelles: Ribosome: Protein Synthesis takes place in the ribosomes. Common to Both DNA: can be free floating or Housed inside a nucleus

19 What do they have in common?

21 Which arose first? Predict which one of the following cell types was the first one on Earth. Prokaryotes Bacteria Eukaryotes Animal Centrioles Smaller vacuole Fungi Plant Chloroplast Larger vacuole Protists

22 Whiteboard Practice Analyze the picture, chart, table, or graphic organizer to determine whether or not the cell being described is a prokaryote or eukaryote. You will write your answer AND defend your claim on your whiteboard.

32 Exit Ticket: on back of warm up

33 Tuesday Place the card you got when you walked in on the spot on the Venn diagram where it goes. Now go get your binder and begin working on the questions in your warm up paper.

34 Readings As you read the article, look for the following information. Highlight your answers using a dry erase marker on the plastic sleeve. 1. Are you reading about prokaryotes or eukaryotes? 2. When did that cell type arise? 3. How are prokaryotes related to eukaryotes existence?

35 Pro Vs. Eu Reading Fill in the blanks based off your reading. If you are reading the Eukaryote reading you will put an E (for Eukaryote) in each blank that was describing a Eukaryote. IF you have the prokaryote reading you will use a P (for prokaryote) in every blank that describes a prokaryote characteristic. put a B for Both. Fill in any other remaining blanks.

36 What do they have in common?

39 Cell Theory Introduction The Wacky History of Cell Theory

40 The Cell Theory The cell theory is made up a 3 statements and summarize the findings of these scientists. Discuss what 3 statements you think make up the cell theory with your shoulder partner. 1. All living things are made up of 1 or more cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of function. 3. New cells form from cells. preexisting

41 Move to Cell Membrane Notes if extra time

42 Exit Ticket Answer the following questions on the paper I have provided you. 1. Describe the main differences between a prokaryotes and a eukaryotes? 2. Why are eukaryotic cells considered more complex than prokaryotic cells? 3. Prokaryotic cells are ALWAYS which of the following types of organisms? Plant, animal, or bacteria 4. Describe which type of cell you think was on the earth first, and explain your reasoning.

43 Exit Ticket: on back of warm up

44 Wednesay/ Thurday Warm up Place the card you got when you walked in on the spot on the Venn diagram where it goes. Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Now go get your binder and begin working on the questions in your warm up paper.

45 What do they have in common?

47 Cell Transport Cell Membrane Also known as the Plasma Membrane and Phospholipid Bilayer Job: Separates the inside of the cell from the outside and regulate movement of molecules in & out of the cell.

48 Inside vs. Outside Inside Cytoplasm Outside Inside

49 Phospholipids Bilayer Fearing Loving

50 Protein 1. Draw in the Channel in some of the proteins 2. Label Channel

51 Carbohydrate Chain 1.Draw in two carbohydrate chains 2.Label

52 Label the Biomolecules Write somewhat small near the Nucleus: Nucleic Acids Stores genetic Material (DNA/RNA) Monomer: Nucleotides polymer: DNA or RNA

53 Label the Biomolecules Label near the Carbohydrate Chain: Carbohydrate (Polysaccharide) Quick Energy Cell identification Monomer: Monosaccharides polymer: polysaccharide or disaccharide

54 Label the Biomolecules Label near the Proteins: Proteins Structural support transport substance in and out of the cell Enzymes- speed up chemical reaction monomer: Amino Acids polymer: polypeptide chain

55 Label the Biomolecules Label near the Phospholipid: Lipid makes up the cell membrane Long term energy Monomer: glycerol and fatty acids

56 The Cell Membrane s key function is to regulate particles moving in and out of a cell. Small particles may move through the phospholipid bilayer, while other particles must pass through a transport protein. Cell Membrane Identify the following: - Phospholipids - Proteins - Hydrophobic tails - Hydrophilic heads

57 Selectively Permeable/Semi- Permeable Semi Permeable: Allows some substances through the membrane but not others.

58 Concentration Gradient The difference between the concentration of solutes in solutions. Natural flow is from high to low. (with the concentration gradient)

59 Fluid Mosaic Model Describes the cell membrane of animal cells Phospholipid bilayer (a double layer of lipids) with proteins and cholesterol embedded within it

60 What do you think? 1. Why does your body involuntarily start to sweat when you re too hot and shiver when you re too cold? 2. What are some other things (besides temperature) that you think your body may need to regulate and keep balanced?

61 Homeostasis The process of maintaining a stable internal environment, even while the external environment is changing. A state of balance equilibrium

62 Bubble Lab ubble+lab Ameoba Sister Cell Membrane (dont need to watch last few minutes) QNs

63 Cell Transport A process that helps cells maintain homeostasis. It involves the movement of molecules across the cell membrane. Two types: Passive and Active

64 Vocabulary Solution: a mixture of one or more substances Solute: what is being dissolved Ions, sugar, salts, proteins, other substances Solvent: what is doing the dissolving Water is the universal solvent Copyright McGraw-Hill Education Cellular Transport

65 Passive Transport Process by which molecules move with their concentration gradient. Molecules move from high to low concentrations. Requires NO ENERGY.

66 Simple Diffusion An example of passive transport in which small molecules move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration until homeostasis is reached.

67 Diffusion in a Cell -some substances can diffuse directly through the plasma membrane Copyright McGraw-Hill Education Cellular Transport

68 Facilitated Diffusion Diffusion of molecules from high to low concentration with the assistance (help) of a transport protein. Occurs when the molecule is too large or polar.

69 Facilitated Diffusion Movement of materials across the plasma membrane using proteins Channel Proteins Channel proteins open and close to allow substances to diffuse through the plasma membrane Copyright McGraw-Hill Education Cellular Transport

70 Passive Transport Review Amoeba Sisters Video: Passive Transport (Start-4:10)

71 Exit Ticket 1.Which biomolecules are present in the cell membrane? 2.Do molecules naturally flow with or against a concentration gradient? 3.If you describe molecules as moving with the concentration gradient, which of the following means the same thing? a.molecules move from a high to low concentration. b.molecules move from a low to high concentration.

72 Friday Warm up Place the card you got when you walked in on the spot on the Venn diagram where it goes. Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Now go get your binder and begin working on the questions in your warm up paper.

73 Quiz Time Clear your desk - NOT OPEN NOTES You have 10 minutes to complete the quiz

74 Osmosis Type of passive transport Process in which are WATER molecules moving across a permeable membrane. H 2 Osmosis

75 How Does Osmosis Work? WATER always moves from the side with more water to the side with less water. In other words, water will always move to the side that has a higher concentration of solutes. Which side of the tube will the water rise?

76 Hypertonic Solution A solution that has LESS WATER than the cell. Will this cell swell, shrink, or stay the same?

77 Hypotonic Solution A solution that has MORE WATER than the cell. Will this cell to shrink, swell, or stay the same?

78 Isotonic Solution A solution that has the SAME AMOUNT of water as the cell. Will this cell to shrink, swell, or stay the same?

79 Side-by-Side Comparison

80 Amoeba Sister Osmosis 6M

81 Label the direction water will travel

82 Pre IB ONLY

83 Exit Ticket- if you didnt get to it before 1. Which biomolecules are present in the cell membrane? 2. Do molecules naturally flow with or against a concentration gradient? 3. If you describe molecules as moving with the concentration gradient, which of the following means the same thing? a. Molecules move from a high to low concentration. b. Molecules move from a low to high concentration.

84 Exit Ticket: Review Vocab Quiz

85 Monday Warm up Place the card you got when you walked in on the spot on the Venn diagram where it goes. Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Now go get your binder and begin working on the questions in your warm up paper.

86 What do they have in common?

87 Stations You will cycle through 4 different stations. At each station, you will make observations and predications. Record your responses to each station on the handout.

88 Station 1: Corn Starch dialysis tubing in H20

89 Station 2: Skittle in H20

90 Station 3: Water dialysis tube in Corn Starch

91 Station 4: Gummy Bear in H20

92 Station 5: Corn Starch Dialysis Tube in Iodine 1. describe what happened? 2. is it simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, or osmosis? 3. what is permeable to cell membrane? 4. what is impermeable to cell membrane

93 Imagine that there is a snail in your garden that is eating all of your plants. You have heard that pouring salt on a snail will kill it. On the back of your warm up paper, write 2-3 sentences explaining why or how you think the salt will kill the snail.

94 Salt on a Snail Background Information: Snails are mainly composed of water. Snails have a layer of mucus that surrounds them that is composed mainly of water. Salt combines with the outer mucus layer. NOW, why do you think this kills the snail? Salt on a Snail Video

95 Remember: Solute, Solvent, Solution

96 How to do Osmosis predictions Tape or glue these steps in your lapbook to the right of your 3 small sticky notes on the passive transport side. 1. Draw a picture if one is not provided. 2. Identify the values that are given. 3. Calculate the percentage of water by subtracting the solute percentage from Identify where the water concentration is HIGHER. 5. Draw arrows going from high to low water concentration.

97 Which direction will water move across the plasma membrane? Will the cell shrink or swell? 88% Water 98% Water Cell/Plasma Membrane

98 Which direction will water move across the plasma membrane? Will the cell shrink or swell? 75% Water 60% Water Cell/Plasma Membrane

99 Which direction will water move across the plasma membrane? Will the cell shrink or swell? 50% Water 50% Water Cell/Plasma Membrane

100 Practice Makes Perfect! Complete the Part 1 Practice Problems to show your understanding so far!

101 Which direction will water move across the plasma membrane? Will the cell shrink or swell? 30% Solute 50% Solute Cell/Plasma Membrane HINT: Subtract the percent of salt from 100% to get the percent of WATER.

102 Which direction will water move across the plasma membrane? Will the cell shrink or swell? 20% Solute 80% Solute Cell/Plasma Membrane HINT: Subtract the percent of salt from 100% to get the percent of WATER.

103 Practice Makes Perfect! Complete the Part 2 Practice Problems to show your understanding so far!

104 Whiteboard Practice Draw the following on your whiteboard. A. B. C.

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118 Exit Ticket Please grab you binder and your lapbook. Answer the warm-up on your sheet of loose-leaf paper below yesterday s warm-up. What do you think would happen if you left saltwater fish in freshwater aquarium?

119 Tuesday Warm up Place the card you got when you walked in on the spot on the Venn diagram where it goes. Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Now go get your binder and begin working on the questions in your warm up paper.

120 What do they have in common?

121 Recap PASSIVE TRANSPORT 3 Characteristics HIGH TO LOW NO ENERGY WITH concentration gradient 3 Types Simple Diffusion: Movement of particles WITHOUT the assistance of a PROTEIN Facilitated Diffusion: Must be assisted by a PROTEIN Osmosis: Movement of WATER molecules ONLY

122 Recap PASSIVE TRANSPORT 3 Characteristics HIGH TO LOW NO ENERGY WITH concentration gradient 3 Types Simple Diffusion: Movement of particles WITHOUT the assistance of a PROTEIN Facilitated Diffusion: Must be assisted by a PROTEIN Osmosis: Movement of WATER molecules ONLY

123 Active Transport Process by which particles move AGAINST their concentration gradient Movement from LOW TO HIGH concentrations Requires ENERGY

124 ANALOGY: Passive vs. Active Transport PASSIVE TRANSPORT: * NO ENERGY required * HIGH TO LOW * WITH con. gradient Examples: Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Osmosis ACTIVE TRANSPORT: * ENERGY required * LOW TO HIGH * AGAINST con. gradient Examples: Endocytosis Exocytosis Sodium-Potassium pump

125 Passive Transport Move from High to Low concentration. No Energy needed. Active Transport Move from Low to High concentration. Energy needed. With/Down concentration gradient. Against/Up concentration gradient.

126 Passive vs. Active Transport

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128 Active Transport 2 types of active transport: Exocytosis Endocytosis Can you figure out what each terms means?

Endocytosis Cell membrane folds inwards moving/engulfing substances INTO the cell Phagocytosis: the cell membrane surrounds the particle and pinches off to form an intracellular vacuole Pinocytosis:

129 Endocytosis Cell membrane folds inwards moving/engulfing substances INTO the cell Phagocytosis: the cell membrane surrounds the particle and pinches off to form an intracellular vacuole Pinocytosis: the cell membrane surrounds a small volume of fluid and pinches off, forming a vesicle Receptor-mediated endocytosis: uptake of substances by the cell is targeted to a single type of substance that binds at the receptor on the external cell membrane

130 Exocytosis Exocytosis: a vesicle migrates to the cell membrane, binds, and releases its contents moving substances OUT of the cell.

131 Work on Osmosis Problems

132 Exit Ticket 1. List 3 characteristics of PASSIVE TRANSPORT. A. Energy Requirements B. High to Low or Low to High C. WITH or AGAINST concentration gradient 2. List 3 characteristics of ACTIVE TRANSPORT. A. Energy Requirements B. High to Low or Low to High C. WITH or AGAINST concentration gradient 3. Explain how the process described below includes both passive and active transport. A. Na + and K + ions are constantly diffusing across the cell membrane WITH the concentration gradient. B. The Sodium-Potassium pump uses a carrier protein to move Na + and K + ions back across the cell membrane AGAINST there concentration gradient.

133 Wednesday/Thursday Place the card you got when you walked in on the spot on the Venn diagram where it goes. Now go get your binder and begin working on your warm up paper.

134 What do they have in common?

135 What to study for your test?? Vocabulary Sheet Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Notes Cell Transport Notes All my PowerPoints are on my website

136 Escape Room

137 Study Techniques

138 Review Sheet Use the remainder of the period to finish working on your review sheet.

139 Plicker Question

140 Plicker Question

141 Plicker Question

142 Plicker Question

143 Plicker Question

144 Wednesday/Thursday 1. Describe the movement of the molecules in this picture. 2. Is this an example of ACTIVE or PASSIVE transport? 3. Does this process require energy? 4. What is the structure that is composed of phospholipids called? 5. What is the function of this structure?

145 Write the warm-up underneath the Venn Diagram on the looseleaf sheet from yesterday. Explain whether this cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Be specific. Exit Ticket

146 FriYAY Turn your warm ups into the tray, make sure your name is on them. Put all backpacks in the front of the room. Put phone in bag or on my desk Get out a pencil Put all notes away -NOT an open notes test Sit in Assigned Seats

Cell Structure and Function Unit 4

Cell Structure and Function Unit 4 Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. RECALL... Levels of Organization! Why do we call them cells? In 1665, Robert