Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

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1 Exam 1 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The smallest units of life in all living things are a. cells. c. cytoplasm. b. mitochondria. d. Golgi apparatus. 2. One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that a. nucleic acids are found only in prokaryotes. b. mitochondria are found in larger quantities in eukaryotes. c. Golgi vesicles are found only in prokaryotes. d. prokaryotes have no nuclear membrane. 3. Only eukaryotic cells have a. DNA. c. ribosomes. b. membrane-bound organelles. d. cytoplasm. 4. Studying a picture of a cell taken with an electron microscope, you find that the cell has no nucleus and no mitochondria, but it does have a cell membrane and a cell wall. You conclude that the cell is probably from a(n) a. animal. c. prokaryote. b. plant. d. now extinct organism. 5. The structure that regulates what enters and leaves the cell is called a. the nucleus. c. the nuclear membrane. b. the cell wall. d. the cell membrane. 6. The cell membrane a. encloses the contents of a cell. b. allows material to enter and leave the cell. c. is selectively permeable. d. All of the above 7. Proteins are made in cells on the a. mitochondria. c. nucleus. b. ribosomes. d. cell membrane. 8. The packaging and distribution center of the cell is the a. nucleus. c. central vacuole. b. Golgi apparatus. d. nuclear envelope. 9. All cells have a. a covering called a membrane that surrounds the cell and controls what information and materials enter and leave it. b. an internal fluid that gives shape to the cell and supports the other things within it. c. a central zone or nucleus that contains the cell's genes. d. All of the above

2 10. Refer to the illustration above. In eukaryotic cells, DNA in the form of chromatin is found in a. structure 1. c. structure 3. b. structure 2. d. structure Refer to the illustration above. The cell shown is probably an animal cell because a. it has mitochondria. c. it has a cell membrane. b. it does not have a cell wall. d. it does not have a nucleus. 12. The organelles associated with photosynthesis are the a. mitochondria. c. Golgi apparatus. b. chloroplasts. d. vacuoles. 13. Diffusion takes place a. only through a lipid bilayer membrane. b. from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. c. only in liquids. d. from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. 14. Which of the following does not expend energy? a. diffusion c. active transport b. chemiosmosis d. a sodium-potassium pump 15. The process by which water passes into or out of a cell is called a. solubility. c. selective transport. b. osmosis. d. endocytosis. 16. A cell is considered to its environment if it contains equal solute concentrations as its environment. a. Isohybrid b. Hypotonic c. Hypertonic d. Hybrid e. Isotonic 17. Plant cells have large membrane-bound spaces in which water, waste products, and nutrients are stored. These places are known as a. mitochondria. c. Golgi apparatus. b. chloroplasts. d. vacuoles.

3 f. b. g. 18. h. i. 19. j. k. l. 20. m. n. o. 21. p. q. r. 22. s. Matching a. Ribosome b. Golgi apparatus c. Nucleolus d. Nucleus e. Endoplasmic Reticulum Control Center Site of protein synthesis Produces ribosomes Detoxifies the cell Packages and secretes 23. Referring to the figure above, if the salt could pass through the membrane that separates each solution, what would happen? a. Salt would move from the 10% solution to the 5% solution until equilibrium occurs. b. Salt would move from the 5% solution to the 10% solution until equilibrium occurs. c. The example above shows equilibrium. d. The salt would all move to the 10% side. 24. A testable explanation for a question or problem is a(n) _. a. theory c. observation b. hypothesis d. verifiable law 25. The part of the microscope that moves the stage and is used with the low power objective is the: a. fine adjustment knob c. coarse adjustment knob b. diaphragm d. high power objective 26. Which of the following is an example of a dependent variable? a. how much a plant grows in different amounts of light b. the different monkeys you use to see which one can jump the highest c. the different states (OH, KY, IN) when comparing who has the most snow days d. the different trees you measure to see which one is the tallest (sugar, maple, pine, or elm) 27. The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions in balance with the outside conditions is called a. homeostasis c. metabolism b. evolution d. photosynthesis

4 28. What is the total magnification of a microscope with an eyepiece of 10X and an objective of 60X? a. 700 c. 60 b. 600 d Homeostasis a. prevents drastic changes in internal environmental conditions. b. duplicates the external environment inside the living organism. c. requires only the replacement for materials that are used up by cells. d. is controlled solely by positive feedback reactions e. None of the above 30. Refer to the illustration above. In this system, solute molecules in cell B are most likely to a. Remain in cell B b. Stick to cell B s membrane c. Diffuse into cell A d. Diffuse into cell D 31. Refer to the illustration above. In this system, water molecules are most likely to diffuse in which direction? a. from A to B b. from B to D c. from D to C d. from C to A 32. The dispersal of ink in a beaker of water is an example of a. diffusion b. osmosis c. active transport d. endocytosis

5 33. The ideas that all living things are composed of cells come from other cells defines: a. Central dogma b. The laws of inheritance c. Organelle theory d. Inheritance of acquired characteristics e. Cell Theory 34. Phospholipid molecules in a membrane are arranged with their on the exterior and their _ on the interior. a. hydrophobic heads.hydrophilic tails b. hydrophilic heads hydrophobic tails c. nonpolar heads polar tails d. hydrophobic tails hydrophilic heads e. hydrophilic tails hydrophobic heads 35. A freshwater paramecium is placed in salt water. Which of the following events would most likely occur? a. an increase in the action of its contractile vacuole b. swelling of the cell until it becomes turgid c. swelling of the cell until it bursts d. shriveling of the cell 36. Which of the following does not expend energy? a. diffusion c. active transport b. chemiosmosis d. a sodium-potassium pump For questions using the following answer choices to tell describe each picture: A. Hypertonic B. Hypotonic C. Isotonic 40. The process by which water passes into or out of a cell is called a. solubility. c. selective transport. b. osmosis. d. homeostasis. 41. endocytosis : exocytosis :: a. phagocytosis : bacteria c. cold : hot b. secrete : exocytosis d. white blood cell : bacteria 42. In a solution of 10% sugar and 90% water, I have placed a simulated cell that contains 30% sugar and 70 % water. Which of the following describes OSMOSIS in this situation? a. Water moves into the cell b. Water moves out of the cell c. Water moves in and out equally d. Water does not move in the above situation.

6 DIRECTIONS: Match the definition or description with the correct term or phrase. 43. Homeostasis 44. Diffusion 45. Selectively permeable 46. Phospholipid 47. Concentration gradient 48. Equilibrium 49. Active transport 50. Passive transport 51. Proteins 52. Hypertonic solution 53. Hypotonic solution 54. Isotonic solution A. The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of low concentration. B. The difference in the concentration of molecules across a distance. C. Diffusion will stop when the molecules reach this point within the solution. D. A type of solution where the concentration of a solution is lower outside a cell than inside the cell. AB. Keeping a balance within an organism. AC. This molecule makes up a cells plasma membrane. AD. These particles are embedded within the plasma membrane that allows substances to through base on certain characteristics. AE. Using energy to move particles through the plasma membrane. BC. A type of membrane that only allows certain substances to pass through. BD. A type of solution where the concentration of a solution is equal to the cells concentration. BE. When no energy is required to move particles through a membrane. CD. A type of solution where the concentration outside of a cell is greater than inside the cell.