Honors Biology Midterm Review

Transcription

1 Honors Biology Midterm Review 1. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE Match each item in the boxes with a characteristic a. Reproduction (DNA) 1-passing DNA on to 1, 5 offspring b. Homeostasis 2-trait that helps 7, 3 survival 3-many cells organized c. Needs energy into organs 5, 7 4-growing in size & d. Evolution (adaptation) coordinated 2, 1 5-makes or gets food for e. Made of cells (organization) life processes 6-reaction to an event 3, 6 7-maintaining a balance f. Growth & development 4, 4 g. Responds to stimuli 6, 2 To be alive an organism must have ALL characteristics 2. SCIENTIFIC METHOD Match each item in the box with a scientific method a. Independent variable 4, drug type b. Dependent variable 2, amount rash c. Control variable 3, same size pill d. Experimental group 1, people get drug e. Control group 5, people get placebo Hypothesis must be TESTABLE 3. CLASSIFICATION 1-group that has 1 variable changed 2-variable that is measured in experiment 3-variable that stays the same for the experiment 4-1 variable that is changed from control conditions 5-group that is under normal conditions 1-chameleon has eyes that swivel 2-jumps when something screams 3-produce proteins to control sugar amounts in body 4-dog runs agility course faster 5-she has similar DNA to her father 6-a cat has tissues and organs 7-a plant photosynthesizing Identify all 5 items listed for scientific method A drug used for acne also causes a rash on arms and legs. 2 groups of 10 people were given the same looking pill everyday for a month. One group was given the medication and the other group was given a placebo (no drug) to observe the amount of rash on their arms and legs. Domains Bacteria Archaea Eukaryota Kingdoms Eubacteria Archaebacterial Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

2 Scientific Name- How do you write the scientific name? 4. 2 TYPES OF CELLS place the information under the correct cell type PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES No Nucleus No organelles with membranes DNA Cytoplasm Cell membrane Bacteria Archaea First type of cell Nucleus Organelles with membranes DNA Cytoplasm Cell membrane Eukarya Complex type of cell NUCLEUS NO ORGANELLES WITH MEMBRANES NO NUCLEUS RIBOSOMES DNA CYTOPLASM CELL MEMBRANE BACTERIA ARCHAE EUKARYA FIRST TYPE OF CELL COMPLEX TYPE OF CELL PLANTS VS ANIMALS Nucleus Cell membranes Cell wall Mitochondria Chloroplast Nucleus Cell membranes Mitochondria Place the following under plants, animals or both Nucleus Cell membrane Cell wall Mitochondria Chloroplast

3 5. ORGANIC MOLECULES (molecules found in all organisms) Match the compound with its building block a. Proteins 4 1. Nucleotides b. Carbohydrates 3 2. Triglycerides c. Lipids 2 3. Carbohydrates monosaccharide d. Nucleic acid 1 4. Amino acids Label the following as one of the 4 organic compounds a. used to make enzymes proteins PROTEINS b. found in plasma membranes lipids CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS c. found in the nucleus nucleic acids NUCLEIC ACIDS d. contains the most basic sugar needed by each cell carbohydrates e. food source is nuts and meat proteins f. food source is fruits and veggies carbohydrates g. has 3 parts, sugar + base + phosphate nucleic acids h. beside nucleic acid what molecule is best used to compare how closely species are related proteins USE THE PICTURE a. what process is taking place enzymes breaking down molecule b. what are some changes that would slow down or stop this process temperature, ph, concentration c. write the letter of the part would be effected if temp was increased? A 6. HOMEOSTASIS & MOVEMENT OF PARTICLES Place the following under the categories of movement Moves from high to low concentration Moves from low to high concentration Needs energy Doesn t require energy Osmosis Movement of particles Diffusion Active Transport Passive Transport -Moves from high to low no energy -osmosis -movement of particles -Moves from low to high energy needed -movement of particles -Moves from high to low no energy -movement of particles

4 OSMOSIS- beside each picture of salt particles in water, place the correct descriptions Hypertonic; Hypotonic; Isotonic; water moves in and out but no change in size; water moves into the cell; water moves out of the cell; cell swells; cells shrink, cells stay same size -Hypotonic -H 2O moves in -cell swells -Red blood cell in distilled -Isotonic -H 2O moves in and out -cell stay same Which solution would be how pickles are made; red blood cell (low salt content) put into distilled water; fish from the freshwater lake put into saltwater aquarium. Define osmosis- movement (diffusion) of water across a membrane -Hypertonic -H 2O moves out -cell shrinks -pickles -fish put in salt H 2O 7. OBTAINING ENERGY a. Energy molecule- ATP b. Organism that makes their own food- Autotroph c. Organism that consumes food- Heterotroph d. Organelle used by autotrophs to convert sunlight to organic molecule- Chloroplast e. Process of making glucose from solar energy- Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Reactants- Water, sun, CO2 Write the equation- 6H2O + 6CO2 + sun = C6H12O6 + 6O2 Organelle where photosynthesis occurs- Chloroplast pigment- Cholorphyll Purpose of photosynthesis- make sugar, glucose What part of the organelle does the light dependent reaction occur? Thylakoid membrane Cellular respiration Reactants- C6H12O6 + 6O2 Write the equation- C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP Organelle where cellular respiration occurs- Mitochondria What is it called when oxygen is used? Aerobic Without? Anaerobic Purpose of cellular respiration- to make energy, ATP Total amount of ATP made during cellular respiration 36 Which of the 3 step of CR produces the most ATP (Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain)? 2, 2, 32 When no oxygen is available what do your cells do for energy? Lactic acid fermentation How many ATP are produced from fermentation? 2 ATP What are the 3 products of alcoholic fermentation? Alcohol, CO2, ATP

5 Write the correct organelle next to its action to the left 8. CELL ORGANELLES a. controls activities of the cell Nucleus b. produces proteins Ribosome Plasma membrane Lysosome c. folded membranes that transport items ER Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus d. structure that packages items and makes lysosomes Golgi Nucleus e. converts organic compounds into energy Mitochondria Nucleolus f. breaks down invaders of the cell lysosome Mitochondria g. makes ribosomes nucleolus h. converts solar energy into organic molecules Chloroplasts Chloroplast i. made of phospholipids and controls what enters and leaves a cell Plasma membrane 10. CELL CYCLE Label the following picture with the correct phases of the cell cycle Prophase Telophase G2 Metaphase Anaphase Interphase S Cytokinesis Mitosis G1 G1 Metaphase Mitosis Interphase S G2

6 Match the following phases of the cell cycle with the activity that occurs during each Prophase G2 Anaphase Metaphase S Mitosis Interphase G1 Cytokinesis Telophase DNA replicated S Chromosomes move toward the poles Anaphase Cell grows in size G1 Chromatin inside of the cell can be seen Prophase The phase cell are in the longest Interphase Phase of nuclear division Mitosis Chromosomes line up in the middle Metaphase The cell starts to pinch in the middle Telophase Numbers of organelles are increased G2 Cell splits into 2 cells Cytokinesis Mitosis -Write the numbers in the correct order of steps in mitosis 2, 4, 3, 1, 5 -Label the phases of mitosis metaphase prophase telophase/cytokinesis anaphase interphase Anaphase Interphase Metaphase Prophase Cytokinesis What do spindle fibers do during mitosis? Move chromosomes What is the product of mitosis? 2 daughter cells What is the diploid number of humans? 23 In this picture of metaphase label a chromosome, spindle fiber, and centrioles. Spindle fiber Chromosome Centrioles