Unit 1: Ecology Guided Notes Name: Honors Biology Date: Per:
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1 Unit1:EcologyGuidedNotes Name: HonorsBiology Date: Per: CharacteristicsandOrganizationofLife Biology Biology Ecology CharacteristicsofLife Livingthingsare Livingthings Livingthings Livingthings Livingthings Livingthings Livingthings LevelsofOrganization
2 Organism Population Species Community Ecosystem Biome Biosphere Bioticvs.AbioticFactors 2
3 BioticFactors Bioticfactorsare Examples: AbioticFactors Abioticfactorsare Examples: Biotic Abiotic Biodiversity 3
4 Biodiversity Biodiversity Containstwocomponents: Speciesrichness Speciesabundance Biodiversityisameasureofthe LessDiverseEcosystem+Disease MoreDiverseEcosystem+Disease BiodiversityisBeneficialtoHumans ThreatstoBiodiversity EnergySourcesinanEcosystem 4
5 Organicvs.InorganicMatter InorganicMatter Includes Containonly Inorganiccompoundsusuallydonotcontain OrganicMatter Includes Contain Organiccompoundsalwaysincludealotof Carboncompoundsformthe Autotrophs Alsocalled Useenergyfromtheenvironmentto TwoKindsofAutotrophs 5
6 PhotosyntheticAutotrophs Use Photosynthesis processofusing Photosyntheticorganismsneedaccessto Liveon Examples: ChemosyntheticAutotrophs Use Chemosynthesis usingthe Chemosyntheticorganismsdonotneedaccessto Liveinthe Examples: Heterotrophs 6
7 Alsocalled Allheterotrophsrelyon FiveKindsofHeterotrophs Herbivores Obtainenergybyeating Examples: Carnivores Obtainenergybyeating Examples: Omnivores Obtainenergybyeating Examples: Detritivores Obtainenergybyeating Examples: Decomposers Obtainenergyby Examples: EnergyFlowinanEcosystem 7
8 FeedingRelationships Energyinanecosystemflowsinonlyonedirection: Arrowsinafeedingrelationshipdiagramalways FoodChains Foodchainsareaseriesofstepsinwhich ExampleofaFoodChain: FoodWebs Foodwebslinkmultiple ExampleofaFoodWeb: TrophicLevels 8
9 TrophicLevels Producers Always PrimaryConsumers The Canbeabbreviated: SecondaryConsumers The Canbeabbreviated: TertiaryConsumers The Almostalwaysexclusively Canbeabbreviated: Usuallythehighestlevelpossibleduetoincompleteenergytransferfromone trophicleveltothenext EcologicalPyramids 9
10 EnergyPyramids Energypyramidsrepresentthe Onlyabout10%oftheenergyavailablewithinonetrophiclevelistransferredtoorganisms atthenexttrophiclevelbecausethe Usesofenergyinclude: BiomassPyramid 10
11 Biomassisthetotalamountof Biomassisexpressedinunitsof Biomassrepresentstheamountof Biomasslikeenergyusuallydecreasesby RelationshipsBetweenOrganisms 11
12 Predator PreyInteractions Predation Predator Prey Example: Symbiosis Anyrelationshipinwhich Threetypesofsymbioticrelationships: Mutualism Example: Commensalism Oneorganism Example: Parasitism Oneorganism The The Example: NichesandInvasiveSpecies 12
13 Niches Anicheisthe Anicheincludesacombinationofbioticandabioticfactorssuchas: Its Therangeof Thetype Howit Its Whenitis Howandwhenit InvasiveSpecies Invasivespeciesareorganismsthat Theyaremovedintoanareaby Becausetheyhave Theyareathreattothebiodiversityoftheareabecause Examples: EcologicalSuccession 13
14 EcologicalSuccession Aseriesof Ecosystemsareconstantly PrimarySuccession Occurson Pioneerspecies The Usuallyalichen A Eventuallyonceenoughsoilandorganicmatterhasaccumulatedthat SecondarySuccession Occurswhennaturaleventssuchas CyclesinNature 14
15 BiogeochemicalCycles Unliketheonewayflowofenergy, Matteriscycledbetween TheWaterCycle Evaporation Transpiration Condensation Precipitation Runoff TheCarbonCycle 15
16 Photosynthesis Respiration Decomposition TheNitrogenCycle 16
17 NitrogenFixation Nitrogenmovesfrom Decomposers 17
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