Mrs. Fanek Ecology Date

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1 Name Period Mrs. Fanek Ecology Date 1. The graph below represents a change in event A that leads to changes in events B and C. Which row in the chart best identifies each event in the graph? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 2. A stable ecosystem is characterized by having A) predators that outnumber their prey B) a continual input of energy C) limited autotrophic nutrition D) no competition between species 3. Which diagram best illustrates the relationship between humans (H) and ecosystems (E)? A) B) 4. The organisms in a pond and the physical factors influencing them best describe A) a population B) an ecosystem C) a biosphere D) a food chain 5. Due to overfishing, the number of fish in the ocean could drastically decrease. This will cause A) an increase in the stability of the oceans B) an increase in the salt content of the oceans C) a decrease in the stability of the oceans D) a decrease in the oxygen available in the oceans C) D)

2 6. As it grows from a seed to a mature plant, a plant will grow taller and thicker. Which are abiotic factors most responsible for the increase in the mass of the plant? A) water, minerals, bacteria B) sunlight, oxygen, plant receptors C) minerals, water, plant enzymes D) water, sunlight, carbon dioxide 7. A student set up a small freshwater fish tank. The tank included water, fish, gravel, a snail, and plants, as represented below. 10. The graph below indicates the size of a fish population over a period of time. Which statement best describes an activity performed by a student investigating an abiotic factor using this setup? A) He records the temperature of the water. B) He feeds the fish 0.5 gram of fish food twice a day. C) He measures the growth of the plants with a metric ruler. D) He observes the snail scrape algae off the gravel. 8. A finite resource in the environment that keeps a population from steadily increasing is known as A) dynamic equilibrium B) a limiting factor C) a reproductive enzyme D) ecological successsion 9. Which statement best describes a situation where competition occurs in an ecosystem? A) A deer outruns an attacking wolf. B) A deer, during the winter, consumes tree bark. C) A deer and rabbit consume grass in a field. D) A deer and a rabbit are both startled by a hawk flying overhead. What does the section of the graph labeled A represent? A) biodiversity within the species B) nutritional relationships of the species C) a population becoming extinct D) a population at equilibrium 11. The diagram below shows organisms in and around a pond. Which ecological term refers to all the organisms shown in the diagram? A) heterotroph B) community C) population D) producer

3 12. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents the current percentage of each population by age and gender (male/female) for two countries. Approximately what percent of the population of Country A is less than 10 years old? A) 8% B) 16% C) 32% D) 64% 13. Which activity would reduce biodiversity in a forest ecosystem? A) adding plants that are naturally resistant to insects B) protecting wildflowers from logging activities C) replacing harvested trees with young trees that are naturally found in the forest D) clearing a large area and planting one species of hardwood tree that can be used for lumber 14. Which consequence could most likely be associated with a decrease in biodiversity in an area? A) major environmental change. B) The ecosystems in the area would become more stable. C) The amount of genetic information in the species of the area would increase. D) Some sources of future foods or medications would be lost. 15. Which two processes are responsible for keeping the percentage of atmospheric oxygen at relatively constant levels? A) circulation and coordination B) respiration and coordination C) respiration and photosynthesis D) photosynthesis and circulation

4 16. Which organisms directly help to reduce overpopulation in a deer herd? A) parasites and predators B) parasites and scavengers C) decomposers and predators D) decomposers and consumers 17. Which graph illustrates changes that indicate a state of dynamic equilibrium in a mosquito population? A) 19. The diagram below represents a cycle that occurs in nature. B) C) D) 18. Dodder, a plant with no chlorophyll, grows on a living plant of a different species from which it obtains nutrients. Which pair of terms describes this relationship? A) parasite and host B) predator and prey C) producer and decomposer D) consumer and scavenger Which phrase describes a human activity that could have a negative effect on this cycle? A) a decrease in the amount of sulfates given off by motor vehicles B) an increase in recycling programs for plastics and metals C) the continued deforestation and removal of forest resources D) development of programs to conserve wildlife 20. Even before a flower bud opens, certain plant chemicals have colored the flower in patterns particularly attractive to specific insects. At the same time, these chemicals protect the plant s reproductive structures by killing or inhibiting pathogens and insects that may feed on the plant. Which statement about the plant and the other organisms mentioned is correct? A) Chemicals affect plants but not animals. B) Organisms of every niche may be preyed on by herbivores. C) Any chemical produced in a plant can protect against insects. D) Organisms may interact with other organisms in both positive and negative ways. 21. A relationship between a consumer and producer is best illustrated by a A) snake eating a bird B) tree absorbing minerals C) fungus breaking down wastes D) deer eating grass

5 22. Birch bolete is a fungus that normally grows on the roots of birch trees in New York State. During the life of the fungus and the birch, each organism receives nutrients from the various biochemical processes of the other. According to this information, it can be inferred that these two species A) are both predators B) require the same amount of sunlight C) require a similar soil ph D) recycle the remains of dead organisms 23. The diagram below represents a marine food web. 25. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below that represents an energy pyramid in a meadow ecosystem and on your knowledge of biology. The organisms represented by X are A) decomposers B) producers C) carnivores D) scavengers 24. The diagram below represents a food web. Which two organisms are carnivores? A) A and B B) A and E C) B and D D) C and E 26. This food chain contains Grass Cricket Frog Owl A) 4 consumers and no producers B) 1 predator, 1 parasite, and 2 producers C) 2 carnivores and 2 herbivores D) 2 predators, 1 herbivore, and 1 producer Two of the herbivores represented in this food web are A) toads and snakes B) deer and mice C) wolves and raccoons D) grasshoppers and toads

6 27. The diagram below represents interactions that occur between some organisms in an ecosystem. 29. Which level of the pyramid below is correctly paired with the type of organism that would most likely be found at that level in an ecosystem? Which factor would most likely cause an increase in the number of frogs? A) an increase in the number of deer B) a decrease in the amount of grasses C) an increase in the number of snakes D) a decrease in the amount of trees 28. The diagram below represents a food web. A) Level A - producers B) Level B - carnivores C) Level C - herbivores D) Level D - decomposers 30. The diagram below represents a food pyramid in an ecosystem. Which statement regarding organisms in this food web is correct? A) There would be more snakes than pocket gophers. B) There would be more coyotes than rabbits. C) There would be more insects than insect eating birds. D) There would be more hawks than seed eating birds. The best explanation for the decrease in the amount of energy transferred to each succeeding level is that much of the energy is A) consumed by predators B) released as heat C) stored within inorganic materials D) used in photosynthesis

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