D. Niche (Total 1 mark) 2. Which organisms externally digest dead organic matter and then absorb the nutrients? D. Saprotrophs (Total 1 mark)

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1 1. What term refers to a community and its abiotic environment? A. Biosphere B. Ecosystem C. Habitat D. Niche 2. Which organisms externally digest dead organic matter and then absorb the nutrients? A. Autotrophs B. Detritivores C. Heterotrophs D. Saprotrophs 3. What is the initial energy source for all terrestrial communities? A. Water B. Photosynthesis C. Light D. Glucose 4. If kj m 2 yr 1 is available from producers in an ecosystem, how much energy (in kj m 2 yr 1 ) is usually available to the tertiary consumers? A B C D In ecology, what is meant by the term community? A. A group of populations living and interacting in the same area B. A group of organisms of the same species living and interacting in the same area C. A group of organisms which can interbreed and produce fertile offspring D. The environment in which a species normally lives 1

2 6. What name is given to an organism that is able to manufacture its own food from simple chemical materials? A. Heterotroph B. Saprotroph C. Autotroph D. Detritivore 7. The diagram below is a simplified version of a food web from Chesapeake Bay. The arrows indicate the direction of energy flow and the numbers indicate species within the food web. At which trophic level or levels does species II function? A. 2nd and 3rd consumer B. 3rd consumer C. 3rd and 4th consumer D. Producer 2

3 8. Which of the following terms describe(s) species X? I. Heterotroph II. III. Primary consumer Secondary consumer A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II only D. I, II, and III 9. Which statement about the greenhouse effect is true? A. It is a recent phenomenon that started about fifty years ago. B. It is a natural phenomenon caused by several gases. C. It is a natural phenomenon caused by carbon dioxide. D. Human activities are the only cause of the effect. 11. Which of the following statements correctly describes the carrying capacity of an environment? A. The maximum rate of population growth for a species B. The area of land that can support a defined population of a species C. The maximum population of a species that can be sustainably supported by a given environment D. The minimum population of a species that can be sustainably supported by a given environment (1) 3

4 12. Which of the following statements describe a population? A. All the autotrophs and heterotrophs living in a certain area B. Individuals belonging to the same species in a certain area C. Two geographically isolated groups belonging to the same species D. A group of different species living in the same area at the same time 13. Which of the following graphs shows the typical growth of a population? A. B. C. D. 14. Which factors can limit population growth? I. Shortage of food II. Increased genetic variation in the population III. Increase in predators IV. Increase in diseases and parasites A. I and II only B. I and III only C. I, III and IV only D. I, II, III and IV 4

5 15. Which graph correctly shows the increase in the of a population during the exponential growth phase? A. B. C. D. 16. In the binomial system of nomenclature which two names are used to identify a type of organism? A. Family Species B. Genus Species C. Family Genus D. Genus Order 17. What are Allium sativa and Allium cepa? A. Two different species of the same genus B. The same species of the same genus C. The same species but of a different genus D. Two different species of a different genus 5

6 18. In the hierarchy of taxa, what is in a family? A. A group of classes B. A group of genera C. A group of orders D. A group of phyla 6