Science 20 Ecology Unit Review 2

Transcription

1 Science 20 Ecology Unit Review 2 1. Parrots are tropical birds. However, in some areas of New York City, some parrots have escaped from their owners and been able to survive outdoors year-round. Possible reasons are 1) overproduction of offspring 2) the parrots developed traits that allowed them to survive the winters and have passed these traits onto their offspring 3) the parrots can outcompete native birds due to the parrots larger size 4) a variation that allows these parrots to live in colder climates These parrots survive, while most others cannot, due to a. 1, 2, 3, and 4 b. 1, 3 and 4 c. 2, 3, and 4 d. 3 and 4 only e. 2 and 4 only 2. Which statement best describes bat populations in a stable ecosystem? a. They are held constant by environmental factors. b. They are producers that rely indirectly on other producers. c. They are not limited by natural predators. d. They are not dependent on other species. 3. Which characteristic of a geographic region would have the greatest influence on the type of ecosystem that forms in that region? a. ratio of autotrophs to heterotrophs b. amount of atmospheric oxygen c. number of food chains d. climatic conditions 4. Which of the following would most likely be represented in a food chain or a food web?? a. biotic factors b. abiotic factors c. inorganic compounds d. geochemical cycles

2 Base your answers to the next 3 questions on the diagram below. The diagram represents an energy pyramid for an ecosystem in the Australian outback. 5. Wombats are classified as heterotrophs because they can a. get energy from the Sun b. get nutrition from the grasses and sedges c. provide energy for the kookaburras d. provide nutrition for the kangaroos 6. Which two organisms could have a predator-prey relationship? a. kookaburras and gum trees b. dingos and kangaroo grasses c. kangaroos and silky mice d. wedge-tailed eagles and wombats 7. Dingos are an introduced species in Australia that are outcompeting many native species. Which of the current environmental problems most likely resulted directly from the introduction of dingos to Australia? a. vanishing of kangaroo grasses b. forests overrun with koalas c. near extinction of wallabies d. increase in the kookaburra population

3 8. The graph below shows the carrying capacities of an ecosystem for three different species, 1, 2, and 3 that inhabit an area and the actual population sizes of these three different species in the area. Which species population would most likely have the greatest competition among its members? a. Species 1 because the carrying capacity is higher b. Species 2 because the actual population size is higher c. Species 3 because the population is at the idela size d. Species 1 and 2 because the number of individuals in the species are the highest.

4 The diagram below represents a food web. 9. Which species would most likely be a decomposer? A B C D Changes in a deer population are shown in the graph below. 10. Which statement best explains section X? a. Energy is used for interbreeding between members of different species. b. A predator recycles the remains of dead organisms. c. Competition does not occur between members of different species in the same habitat. d. The population has reached the carrying capacity of its environment.

5

6 11. Which of the following situations contributes to the shape of the graph? A. I and II only B. I and IV only C. II and III only D. I, II, III and IV 12. Which of the following statements explains why foreign species may be successful in a new ecosystem? A. Predators of foreign species are absent. B. Foreign species prevent natural selection. C. Native species become parasitic on foreign species. D. Foreign species cause mutations of native species.

7 13. Two different species of single-celled organisms that eat the same food were placed in the same container. A constant food supply was provided starting on day 2, and the populations were monitored daily. The graph below represents the growth of the two populations. The most likely reason for the observed changes in the populations over the 18-day period is a. P. caudatum outcompeted P. aurelia b. the two species shared available resources c. P. aurelia outcompeted P. caudatum d. P. caudatum became a predator for P. Aurelia 14. According to information in the article, it is most likely that a. the ancestors of this iguana were separated from ancestors of other Galapagos iguanas millions of years ago and adapted to different environments b. the ancestors of this iguana came from the mainland of South America millions of years ago and needed to adapt to the conditions of the Galapagos c. gases released from an active volcano caused ancestral iguanas to mutate so they could adapt to the hot, dry environment near the volcano d. it is a color variation of the same species of iguana that lives elsewhere on the island, and it was not discovered because it blended in with its environment near the volcano

8 Answers 1. d 2. a 3. d 4. a 5. b 6. d 7. c 8. b 9. b 10. d 11. d 12. a 13. a 14. a