Biology Unit 2 Test. True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

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1 Biology Unit 2 Test True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. A climax community is usually the stable result of succession. 2. The colonization of new sites by communities of organisms is secondary succession. 3. A tropical rain forest is a region dominated by deciduous trees. 4. A body of water near the coast that is partly surrounded by land and contains both fresh and salt water is known as the intertidal zone. 5. Microscopic organisms that float in the sunlit regions of the ocean are pioneer species. 6. The region of the ocean shallow enough for sunlight to penetrate is the photic zone. 7. The tundra is an arid region characterized by high temperatures. 8. A large group of ecosystems characterized by the same type of climax community is called a biome. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Figure Referring to Figure 2-1, suppose units of energy are available at the level of the grasses. What is the total number of energy units lost by the time energy reaches the coyote? A) 9900 units C) 990 units B) 90 units D) 9990 units 10. Referring to Figure 2-1, as matter and energy move from grasses to coyotes, the amount of available energy _. A) increases B) decreases then increases C) increases or decreases but population size remains the same D) decreases 11. An scientist who studies how several species in an area interact among each other and with the abiotic parts of the environment is interested in the biological organization level called a(n) _. A) organism C) ecosystem B) community D) population 12. For a particular species, the carrying capacity is the maximum number of individual organisms that _. A) could be supported by any environment over a period of one year B) could be supported by a given environment indefinitely C) are in their post-reproductive years D) the species could reach in a given time period if all the offspring survive and reproduce

2 13. The group of animals in Figure 2-6 is an example of what? Figure 2-6 A) community C) biosphere B) ecosystem D) population 14. What type of succession is most likely to happen in Figure 3-4? Figure 3-4 A) secondary C) primary B) climax D) teriary Figure Look at the graph in Figure 3-6. What does this graph tell us about this species of plant? A) they need plenty of water C) too much sunlight can hurt them B) they thrive in a lot of sun D) heat is damaging to them

3 16. Look at the graph in Figure 3-6. Approximately how many hours of sunlight should these plants receive each day in order to make them grow at their optimum level? A) 4 C) 12 B) 16 D) Density-independent factors are limiting factors whose effects are _. A) determined by the degree of competition for resources B) determined by the difference between birthrate and population density C) confined to the habitat of the population D) not influenced by population densities 18. The organisms growing on the log in Figure 2-8 are? Figure 2-8 A) producers C) carnivores B) autotrophs D) decomposers 19. The effect of movement of people between counties has _ effect on total world population. A) a great C) no B) a damaging D) little 20. Organisms that employ a strategy of slow reproduction usually require an environment that _. A) is stable C) fluctuates from year to year B) has 24-hour growing periods D) has cold days 21. Which of the following problems do immigration and emigration pose for demographers? A) Demographers may find it difficult to make predictions about populations. B) Demographers must provide for more city services. C) Demographers study growth rates, age structures, and geographic distributions of populations. D) Demographers cannot identify the age structure of immigrants. 22. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the biotic parts of the biosphere through _. A) photosynthesis C) burning of forests B) combustion of fossil fuels D) all of these 23. Cougars are predators that often eat weakened or diseased animals. This is a description of the _ of cougars. A) habitat C) community B) niche D) none of these

4 24. What type of ecosystem is shown in Figure 2-11? Figure 2-11 A) acquatic C) population B) abiotic D) terrestrial 25. Unrestricted populations of organisms experience _. A) exponential growth C) slow growth B) linear growth D) fertility 26. Which organism shown in the pyramid shown in Figure 2-9 receives the highest percentage of energy from the sun? Figure 2-9 A) birds C) fox B) grasshoppers D) grass

5 Ling feeds her guppies one-half teaspoon of fish food every day. The average guppy population in her aquarium over a four-month period is 38 guppies. She increased the food to one teaspoon per day. After a four-month period, the average population is 53 guppies. 27. Which of the following statements is supported by these data? A) As long as Ling keeps adding more food, the guppy population will continue to grow. B) The size of the aquarium was a limiting factor. C) One-half teaspoon of food was a limiting factor. D) Guppies reproduce rapidly. 28. When Ling increased the amount of food, what happened to the carrying capacity of the aquarium? A) It increased. C) It increased and then decreased. B) It decreased. D) It remained the same. Figure In Figure 3-3, which section would have a lack of organisms due to an overabundance of resources? A) D C) B B) C D) A 30. In Figure 3-3, where will you be most likely to find the greatest diversity? A) B C) C B) D D) A Figure What type of species would be most likely found in the area labeled D in Figure 3-7? A) decomposers that feed on dead organisms B) amphibians that need a warm habitat C) one that requires plenty of oxygen D) plants that require light

6 32. A girl notices that her guppies reproduce most when her fish tank water is slightly alkaline. They stop reproducing if the water becomes acidic or if the water becomes too alkaline. This is an example of _. A) communities C) secondary succession B) zone of intolerance D) intertidal zones 33. A country that has a stable population is characterized by an age structure that is _. A) largest among post-reproductive years B) about the same among all groups C) largest among pre-reproductive years D) largest among reproductive years 34. A tick is involved in which type of symbiosis? A) parasitism C) predatorism B) commensalism D) mutualism Completion Complete each statement. 35. To explain and show how the amount of living material at each trophic level of a food chain changes, you could use a pyramid of. 36. Omnivores, carnivores, herbivores, scavengers, and decomposers are all. 37. Ecosystems, biotic factors, and abiotic factors make up the. 38. Before plants can reuse many organic materials, the materials must be broken down by. 39. Instead of growing explosively, population growth tends to level off because the population reaches the of a particular environment. 40. Energy that passes through a food chain is lost to the environment as. 41. The concentration of dissolved salt in estuary water would be between the concentration of salt in river water and water. 42. The production of many offspring in a short period of time is characteristic of a life-history pattern. 43. In a pond ecosystem, ducks, mosquitoes, pond plants, and frogs are factors.

7 Short Answer Choose ANY SIX questions below to answer on your separate sheet of paper. Only the first six questions you answer will be graded! A student grew a yeast culture on sterilized nutrient medium in a closed dish for five days. Each day, she took the same size sample from the dish and placed it on a special slide used for counting microorganisms (see the top half of Figure 4-2). She examined the samples under a microscope and drew the illustrations of her observations over the course of the investigation. Each dot represents ten yeast cells. Figure Refer to Figure 4-2. Which of the graphs shown (A, B, or C) best matches the student s data? What might account for the changes seen in this population on days 4 and 5? 45. List the three major terrestrial biomes that make up the United States and discuss the factors that determine their distribution. 46. Draw a graph that depicts the population growth for a sample of paramecium. Label the axes. Label the following terms: initial growth stage, exponential growth stage, leveling-off stage, carrying capacity.

8 In Figure 4-1, the first age structure graph for country X shows the percent of the population in each age group for the year The remaining three graphs are projections of how the age structure of country X will change. Figure Referring to Figure 4-1, what can you conclude about the stage of population growth country X is in now? Explain. 48. Using Figure 4-1, what might account for the age structure predicted for the year 2080? 49. Compare and contrast the ways carbon and water cycle through the biosphere. 50. When a grouse eats berries, the berry seeds are eliminated as waste materials and may be dropped in another part of the forest where they may sprout and eventually grow into new berry plants. How would you classify the relationship between the berry plant and the grouse? Explain your reasoning. 51. Suppose in a population of 1000 wild horses, there are 400 births and 220 deaths. Also, 180 new horses join the population from an area that was destroyed by fire, and 380 horses are captured by park rangers. Describe the overall percent change in this horse population. 52. Describe the general characteristics and give two examples of organisms that employ a strategy of rapid reproduction that produces many offspring.

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