Biology/Honors Biology Benchmark #2 Review Guide Fall 2016

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1 Biology/Honors Biology Benchmark #2 Review Guide Fall 2016 Name CH 1: Science of Biology 1. Fill in the following table with parts of the scientific process. 2. What is the difference between an observation and an Inference? 3. List 8 characteristics of life a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. Step in the Scientific process Observation Hypothesis Collect information Description/Definition Testing the hypothesis A proposed explanation of the results 4. Place the following list of events in the correct order (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) form a hypothesis record and analyze results draw conclusions ask a question set up a controlled experiment 5. Using the following scenario: Two groups of students were tested to compare their speed working math problems. Each group was given the same problems. One group used calculators and the other group worked without calculators. a. Identify the responding variable b. Identify the manipulated variable c. Identify the control group 6. Create a graph from the following information. Include labels, increments, and a title. The following data was recorded during an experiment with a gas sample. Temperature (K) Volume (m 3 )

2 Fill in the following diagram with the correct level: Biosphere, species, community, Ecosystem, population, biome 7. Which has a greater value 10,000 cm or 1 km? 8. How many kgs is in a 5 lb bag of sugar? (1 kg = 2.2 lbs) CH 3 - The Biosphere 1. Label the organisms in the food web as a producer, consumer, herbivore, carnivore, and omnivore. 2. Using the energy pyramid describe the energy transfer between trophic levels. If a toxic pesticide was used, explain what would happen to this food chain. How is energy used? What percentage is transferred? etc. is the process in which concentrations of harmful (toxic) substances increase in organisms at higher trophic levels in a food chain and in a food web. The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called. A is an ecological pyramid based on the numbers of individual organisms at each trophic level. Explain why a food web is a more accurate model than a food chain when describing the transfer of energy. 3. What organism is responsible for fixing the nitrogen in the atmosphere? is the process used by bacteria to convert N2 gas in the atmosphere into a usable form such as ammonia. is the process used by different bacteria to return nitrogen back to the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is taken up by plants during, while carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere by plants and animals during. and are human activities that directly release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

3 Unlike carbon and nitrogen, does not enter the atmosphere. Instead, this element remains mostly on land in rock and soil minerals. This element is also found in ocean sediments. 4. Describe the water cycle diagram with the correct terms: evaporation, condensation, transpiration, and precipitation is the process by which water enters the atmosphere by evaporating from the leaves. 5. Identify the following as an autotroph (A) or a heterotroph (H): a. Daisy b. Rabbit c. Moss d. crocodile e. bread mold f. tapeworm CH 4: Ecosystems and communities 1. What is the green house effect? Which gases contribute to the greenhouse effect? 2. What is succession? and are examples of primary succession. and are examples of secondary succession. What is the difference between primary succession and secondary succession? Give an example of each. A forest fire has just destroyed part of Yellowstone National Park. Put the following plants in order of their appearance as the forest begins to re-grow: trees, grasses, moss, lichens, and shrubs 3. Identify if the factor is biotic (B) or abiotic (A) a. CO 2 b. Iron c. grass d. lichen e. soil f. water 4. Identify the correct biome. a. Common consumers are antelopes, rabbits, squirrels, and gophers. b. It is covered with coniferous trees such as pine and spruce. c. It has permafrost in the ground and a very short growing season d. It has a constant temperature and heavy rainfall. e. Its main producers are lichens, mosses, grasses, and a few small trees. f. This area is composed largely of deciduous trees with a large canopy. 5. Identify the following ecological relationships as mutualism, parasitism, commensalism, or predation: a. A flea feeds on mouse blood.

4 b. Remoras attach themselves to a shark s body. They then travel with the shark and feed on the left over food scraps from the shark s meat. c. The stork uses its saw-like bill to cut up the dead animals it eats. As a result, the dead animal carcass is accessible to some bees for food and egg laying. d. Wrasse fish feed on the parasites found on the black sea bass s body. e. A cheetah stalks, kills and eats a gazelle. 6. A is a physical place where an organism lives, while a describes that particular organism's physical and biological role in the ecosystem. CH 5: Populations 1. Identify the four factors that affect population growth a. b. c. d. 2. What factors allow a population to grow exponentially? Draw and label a graph of a population that is growing exponentially. 3. What is carrying capacity? Draw and label a logistic growth graph. 4. What is a limiting factor? 5. If the number of deaths is greater than the number of births, what will happen to the population size? 6. What are some examples of density-dependent factors? 7. What are some examples of density-independent factors? CH 6: Human Impact 1. What is the difference between a renewable and a nonrenewable resource? Give an example of each. 2. What effects does deforestation have on the ecosystem? 3. Explain biodiversity.

5 4. A population of 4 cats and 4 birds vs. a population of 12 birds. Which population has the most biodiversity? 5. How are human affecting biodiversity? 6. What is depleting the ozone layer? 7. Is the greenhouse effect good or bad? Why? 8. is the increase in the average temperature on Earth. Evidence supports that this increase in temperature is due to human activities, such as adding carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. 9. The is the normal warming effect produced when gases such as carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in Earth's atmosphere. CH 2: Water/Macromolecules Chemistry of Life 1. are the basic units of matter. 2. Compounds that transfer electrons have bonds. 3. Why are water molecules polar? 4. Water molecules are held together by bonds. 5. is an attraction between molecules of the same substance. is an attraction between molecules of different substances. 6. A is composed of two or more elements physically combined, but not chemically combined. There are two types: 1) contain a such as salt that is dissolved in a such as water. 2) are mixtures of water and non-dissolved material. 7. The ph scale measures the concentration of ions in a solution. If there are more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions, the solution is. If there are more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions, the solution is. 8. The process of polymerization occurs when small units called are joined together to make a. The monomers may be the same or different. 9. The four groups of macromolecules are,, and. 10. Carbohydrates are made of,, and in a 1:2:1 ratio. Living things use carbohydrates for and for structural purposes. A single sugar called a is made of one sugar molecule. Examples of a single sugar are. Large sugars called are made of many small sugars joined together. is a large sugar in animals that is sometimes called animal starch. is a large sugar found in plant cell walls that make them rigid. 11. Lipids are also known as, and. They are not soluble in water. They are used to store and form biological. Monomers of lipids are called. 12. are monomers of nucleic acids. They have three parts:,, and

6 . The job of nucleic acids is to and genetic information. There are two kinds of nucleic acids: and 13. are monomers of protein. There are different kinds of amino acids and most of them end in. They are identical except for the group. Proteins have three jobs:, and 14. Chemical change one set of chemicals into another. The are chemicals that enter a reaction and the are what are produced. 15. are proteins that act as a to speed up a reaction and reduce the amount of needed to complete the reaction. Substrates are the reactants in the reaction that bind to the on the enzyme where they are catalyzed. The substrate and active site fit together like a and.

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